Refactor: extract platform abstraction for subprocess spawning

Move all Unix-specific syscalls (fork, execvp, waitpid, strerror, /tmp)
into a platform layer so the same spectrogram.c can target Windows
(CreateProcess) and WebAssembly (stubs). Key changes:

- src/platform.h: public API with spawn handle, error codes, path helpers
- src/platform_linux.c: fork/execvp implementation, /tmp, strerror
- src/platform_win32.c: CreateProcess implementation, temp dir lookup
- src/platform_web.c: stub implementations (no subprocess support on web)
- src/spectrogram.c: consume only platform.h; replace pid_t/fork/execvp
  with Platform_SpawnChild/WaitForChild; use Platform_GetTempDir() for
  /tmp path; replace strdup with malloc/memcpy for portability
- Build: add platform_*.c to gmake, Premake, and build_web.sh

build/premake5.lua

@@ -202,6 +202,19 @@ if (downloadRaylib) then
             files {"../src/*.rc", "../src/*.ico"}
             files {"../resources/**"}
 
+        -- Exclude platform-specific files on each target
+        filter {"system:linux"}
+            excludedfiles { "../src/platform_win32.c", "../src/platform_web.c" }
+
+        filter {"system:windows"}
+            excludedfiles { "../src/platform_linux.c", "../src/platform_web.c" }
+
+        filter {"system:macosx"}
+            excludedfiles { "../src/platform_win32.c", "../src/platform_web.c" }
+
+        filter {"action:emscripten"}
+            excludedfiles { "../src/platform_linux.c", "../src/platform_win32.c" }
+
         filter{}
         
         includedirs { "../src" }

build_web.sh

@@ -42,9 +42,22 @@ cd "$RAYLIB_BUILD"
 emar rcs libraylib.a rcore.o rshapes.o rtextures.o rtext.o rmodels.o raudio.o
 cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
 
-echo "=== Step 2: Compiling spectrogram for web ==="
+# Compile spectrogram (web version — no subprocess support)
+# platform_web.c provides stub implementations for spawn/error functions
+echo "=== Step 2: Compiling spectrogram + platform for web ==="
 cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
 
+# Compile platform_web.o (handles fork/execvp stubs for web)
+emcc -c -Os -Wall -DPLATFORM_WEB "$SRC_DIR/platform_web.c" -o "$RAYLIB_BUILD/platform_web.o"
+
+# Compile spectrogram
+emcc -c -Os -Wall -DPLATFORM_WEB "$SRC_DIR/spectrogram.c" \
+    -I"$RAYLIB_DIR/src" \
+    -I"$RAYLIB_DIR/src/external" \
+    -I"$RAYLIB_DIR/src/external/glfw/include" \
+    -Iinclude \
+    -o "$RAYLIB_BUILD/spectrogram.o"
+
 # Linker flags
 LDFLAGS="-s USE_GLFW=3 -s ASYNCIFY -s TOTAL_MEMORY=67108864 -s FORCE_FILESYSTEM=1 --preload-file resources@resources --preload-file fonts/DejaVuSansMono.ttf@fonts/DejaVuSansMono.ttf --shell-file $SCRIPT_DIR/web_shell.html -s NO_EXIT_RUNTIME=1"
 
@@ -56,7 +69,8 @@ fi
 
 # Compile and link
 emcc -o "$OUTPUT" \
-    "$SRC_DIR/spectrogram.c" \
+    "$RAYLIB_BUILD/platform_web.o" \
+    "$RAYLIB_BUILD/spectrogram.o" \
     -I"$RAYLIB_DIR/src" \
     -I"$RAYLIB_DIR/src/external" \
     -I"$RAYLIB_DIR/src/external/glfw/include" \

rspektrum.make

@@ -119,7 +119,9 @@ GENERATED :=
 OBJECTS :=
 
 GENERATED += $(OBJDIR)/spectrogram.o
+GENERATED += $(OBJDIR)/platform_linux.o
 OBJECTS += $(OBJDIR)/spectrogram.o
+OBJECTS += $(OBJDIR)/platform_linux.o
 
 # Rules
 # #############################################
@@ -187,6 +189,10 @@ $(OBJDIR)/spectrogram.o: src/spectrogram.c
 	@echo "$(notdir $<)"
 	$(SILENT) $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(FORCE_INCLUDE) -o "$@" -MF "$(@:%.o=%.d)" -c "$<"
 
+$(OBJDIR)/platform_linux.o: src/platform_linux.c
+	@echo "$(notdir $<)"
+	$(SILENT) $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(FORCE_INCLUDE) -o "$@" -MF "$(@:%.o=%.d)" -c "$<"
+
 -include $(OBJECTS:%.o=%.d)
 ifneq (,$(PCH))
   -include $(PCH_PLACEHOLDER).d

src/platform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+/* ── Public API ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+/**
+ * Platform identification (for build-time selection).
+ * Only one should be defined: PLATFORM_LINUX, PLATFORM_WIN32, PLATFORM_WEB.
+ * Undefined means unknown / desktop fallback.
+ */
+enum Platform {
+    PLATFORM_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    PLATFORM_LINUX,
+    PLATFORM_WIN32,
+    PLATFORM_WEB,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Error codes returned by platform functions.
+ */
+enum PlatformError {
+    PLATFORM_OK          =  0,   /**< Success                                         */
+    PLATFORM_GENERAL     = -1,   /**< Non-specific failure                            */
+    PLATFORM_NOT_SUPPORTED = -2, /**< Function not available on this platform         */
+};
+typedef int PlatformError;
+
+/* ── Process / spawning ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+/**
+ * Result of waiting for a spawned process.
+ */
+enum SpawnStatus {
+    SPAWN_WAITING,           /**< Process still running                   */
+    SPAWN_EXITED,            /**< Process has exited, exitCode is valid   */
+    SPAWN_EXIT_CODE_UNKNOWN, /**< Exited but we could not determine code  */
+};
+typedef int SpawnStatus;
+
+/**
+ * Opaque handle to a spawned child process.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+    void *handle;
+    enum SpawnStatus status;
+    int exit_code;
+    int last_error;
+} PlatformSpawnHandle;
+
+/**
+ * Spawn a child process synchronously. Blocks until the child
+ * exits — without going through a shell, so user-controlled
+ * arguments cannot inject commands.
+ *
+ * @param program  Program to run (passed directly to execvp /
+ *                 CreateProcess, never split by a shell).
+ * @param argv     NULL-terminated argument array. argv[0] is the
+ *                 program name, argv[1..n] are arguments.
+ * @param[out] out_handle  Fill with a handle for status queries.
+ * @return PLATFORM_OK on success, PLATFORM_GENERAL on failure.
+ */
+PlatformError Platform_SpawnChild(const char *program, const char **argv,
+                                  PlatformSpawnHandle *out_handle);
+
+/**
+ * Wait for a spawned process to exit.
+ */
+PlatformError Platform_WaitForChild(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle);
+
+/**
+ * Get the exit status of a spawned process.
+ */
+SpawnStatus Platform_GetExitStatus(const PlatformSpawnHandle *handle,
+                                   int *code);
+
+/**
+ * Clean up resources associated with a spawn handle.
+ */
+void Platform_CloseSpawnHandle(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle);
+
+/* ── Error description ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+/**
+ * Human-readable description of the last platform error.
+ * Returns a static string (caller does not free).
+ */
+const char *Platform_GetLastErrorMessage(void);
+
+/* ── Paths ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+/**
+ * Temporary directory for the platform.
+ * Static string — do not modify or free.
+ */
+const char *Platform_GetTempDir(void);

src/platform_linux.c

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/* Platform layer: Linux — fork/execvp, path helpers, error strings */
+
+#ifndef _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+#endif
+
+#include "platform.h"
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define STATIC static
+
+STATIC char last_error_msg[256] = { 0 };
+STATIC PlatformSpawnHandle current_handle = { 0 };
+
+/* ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+STATIC void set_last_error(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    // Simple snprintf to a local buffer — fine for error paths
+    char buf[256] = { 0 };
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    strncpy(last_error_msg, buf, sizeof(last_error_msg) - 1);
+}
+
+/* ── Platform API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+PlatformError Platform_SpawnChild(const char *program, const char **argv,
+                                  PlatformSpawnHandle *out_handle) {
+    last_error_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+    memset(out_handle, 0, sizeof(*out_handle));
+    pid_t pid = fork();
+
+    if (pid < 0) {
+        snprintf(last_error_msg, sizeof(last_error_msg),
+                 "fork() failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+        out_handle->last_error = errno;
+        return PLATFORM_GENERAL;
+    }
+
+    if (pid == 0) {
+        // Child process — replace with target
+        execvp(program, (char **)argv);
+        _exit(127);  // execvp only returns on error
+    }
+
+    // Parent
+    out_handle->handle = (void *)(intptr_t)pid;
+    out_handle->status = SPAWN_WAITING;
+    return PLATFORM_OK;
+}
+
+PlatformError Platform_WaitForChild(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle) {
+    if (!handle || !handle->handle) return PLATFORM_GENERAL;
+
+    pid_t pid = (pid_t)(intptr_t)handle->handle;
+    int status = 0;
+    waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+
+    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+        handle->status = SPAWN_EXITED;
+        handle->exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+    } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+        handle->status = SPAWN_EXITED;
+        handle->exit_code = WTERMSIG(status);
+    } else {
+        handle->status = SPAWN_EXIT_CODE_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    handle->handle = NULL;  // Consumed
+    return PLATFORM_OK;
+}
+
+SpawnStatus Platform_GetExitStatus(const PlatformSpawnHandle *handle, int *code) {
+    if (!handle) return SPAWN_WAITING;
+    if (code) *code = handle->exit_code;
+    return handle->status;
+}
+
+void Platform_CloseSpawnHandle(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle) {
+    if (!handle) return;
+    handle->handle = NULL;
+    handle->status = SPAWN_WAITING;
+    handle->exit_code = 0;
+    handle->last_error = 0;
+}
+
+const char *Platform_GetLastErrorMessage(void) {
+    return last_error_msg;
+}
+
+const char *Platform_GetTempDir(void) {
+    return "/tmp";
+}

src/platform_web.c

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * platform_web.c — Emscripten/WebAssembly stub implementation
+ *
+ * The web version cannot spawn child processes, so these functions
+ * return "not supported". A real implementation would use Emscripten's
+ * pthreads or asyncify if ffmpeg integration is needed.
+ */
+
+#include "platform.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+static char last_error_msg[256] = { 0 };
+
+static void set_last_error(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    vsnprintf(last_error_msg, sizeof(last_error_msg), fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+/* ── Platform API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+PlatformError Platform_SpawnChild(const char *program, const char **argv,
+                                  PlatformSpawnHandle *out_handle) {
+    (void)program;
+    (void)argv;
+    set_last_error("Spawning child processes is not supported on the web");
+    out_handle->last_error = ENOSYS;
+    return PLATFORM_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+PlatformError Platform_WaitForChild(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle) {
+    (void)handle;
+    return PLATFORM_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+SpawnStatus Platform_GetExitStatus(const PlatformSpawnHandle *handle, int *code) {
+    (void)handle;
+    (void)code;
+    return SPAWN_WAITING;
+}
+
+void Platform_CloseSpawnHandle(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle) {
+    if (!handle) return;
+    handle->handle = NULL;
+    handle->status = SPAWN_WAITING;
+    handle->exit_code = 0;
+    handle->last_error = 0;
+}
+
+const char *Platform_GetLastErrorMessage(void) {
+    return last_error_msg;
+}
+
+const char *Platform_GetTempDir(void) {
+    /*
+     * Emscripten's virtual filesystem: "/" works as root.
+     * For persistent downloads/uploads, consider IDBFS mount.
+     */
+    return "/";
+}

src/platform_win32.c

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * platform_win32.c — Windows implementation
+ *
+ * Requires: Windows.h, mincore.lib (for CreateProcessA)
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "platform.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+/* ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+static char last_error_msg[256] = { 0 };
+
+static void set_last_error(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    vsnprintf(last_error_msg, sizeof(last_error_msg), fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+/* ── Platform API ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+PlatformError Platform_SpawnChild(const char *program, const char **argv,
+                                  PlatformSpawnHandle *out_handle) {
+    last_error_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+    /* Build a single command line from argv */
+    char cmdline[2048] = { 0 };
+    for (int i = 0; argv[i]; i++) {
+        if (i > 0) strncat(cmdline, " ", sizeof(cmdline) - strlen(cmdline) - 1);
+        /* Quote arguments that contain spaces */
+        if (strchr(argv[i], ' ')) {
+            strncat(cmdline, "\"", sizeof(cmdline) - strlen(cmdline) - 1);
+            strncat(cmdline, argv[i], sizeof(cmdline) - strlen(cmdline) - 1);
+            strncat(cmdline, "\"", sizeof(cmdline) - strlen(cmdline) - 1);
+        } else {
+            strncat(cmdline, argv[i], sizeof(cmdline) - strlen(cmdline) - 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* CreateProcess needs a mutable buffer */
+    char cmd_copy[2048];
+    strncpy(cmd_copy, cmdline, sizeof(cmd_copy) - 1);
+    cmd_copy[sizeof(cmd_copy) - 1] = '\0';
+
+    STARTUPINFOA si;
+    ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
+    si.cb = sizeof(si);
+    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+    ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));
+
+    if (!CreateProcessA(NULL, cmd_copy, NULL, NULL, FALSE,
+                        0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
+        DWORD err = GetLastError();
+        char msg[256];
+        sprintf(msg, "CreateProcess failed (code %lu)", err);
+        strncpy(last_error_msg, msg, sizeof(last_error_msg) - 1);
+        out_handle->last_error = (int)err;
+        return PLATFORM_GENERAL;
+    }
+
+    out_handle->handle = (void *)pi.hProcess;
+    out_handle->status = SPAWN_WAITING;
+    /* Don't close the thread handle here — CloseSpawnHandle will */
+    CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+
+    return PLATFORM_OK;
+}
+
+PlatformError Platform_WaitForChild(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle) {
+    if (!handle || !handle->handle) return PLATFORM_GENERAL;
+
+    DWORD wait_result = WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)handle->handle, INFINITE);
+    if (wait_result != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+        handle->last_error = (int)GetLastError();
+        return PLATFORM_GENERAL;
+    }
+
+    DWORD exit_code = 0;
+    if (!GetExitCodeProcess((HANDLE)handle->handle, &exit_code)) {
+        handle->status = SPAWN_EXIT_CODE_UNKNOWN;
+        handle->last_error = (int)GetLastError();
+        return PLATFORM_GENERAL;
+    }
+
+    handle->status = SPAWN_EXITED;
+    handle->exit_code = (int)exit_code;
+    handle->handle = NULL;
+    return PLATFORM_OK;
+}
+
+SpawnStatus Platform_GetExitStatus(const PlatformSpawnHandle *handle, int *code) {
+    if (!handle) return SPAWN_WAITING;
+    if (code) *code = handle->exit_code;
+    return handle->status;
+}
+
+void Platform_CloseSpawnHandle(PlatformSpawnHandle *handle) {
+    if (!handle) return;
+    if (handle->handle) {
+        CloseHandle((HANDLE)handle->handle);
+        handle->handle = NULL;
+    }
+    handle->status = SPAWN_WAITING;
+    handle->exit_code = 0;
+    handle->last_error = 0;
+}
+
+const char *Platform_GetLastErrorMessage(void) {
+    return last_error_msg;
+}
+
+const char *Platform_GetTempDir(void) {
+    /* Get temp directory path once and cache it */
+    static char temp_path[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
+    if (temp_path[0] == '\0') {
+        DWORD len = GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_path), temp_path);
+        if (len == 0 || len >= sizeof(temp_path)) {
+            strncpy(temp_path, "C:\\Windows\\Temp", sizeof(temp_path) - 1);
+        }
+    }
+    return temp_path;
+}

src/spectrogram.c

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 // spectrogram.c - Spectrogram viewer with region selection and playback
 // Based on Unity Audio-Experiments project
 
-#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
-#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
-
 #include "raylib.h"
 #include "resource_dir.h"
+#include "platform.h"
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -418,21 +416,34 @@ static void FreeSTFT(StftResult* result)
 // Convert audio file to WAV using ffmpeg (if available)
 static bool ConvertToFFmpegWAV(const char* inputPath, char* outputPath, size_t outputSize)
 {
-    // Create temp WAV path
+    snprintf(outputPath, outputSize, "%s/rspektrum_temp_converted.wav",
-    snprintf(outputPath, outputSize, "/tmp/rspektrum_temp_converted.wav");
+             Platform_GetTempDir());
 
-    // Build ffmpeg command
+    /* Build argv array — no shell = no injection risk */
-    char cmd[1024];
+    const char* argv[] = {
-    snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "ffmpeg -y -loglevel quiet -i \"%s\" -ar 48000 -ac 1 -f wav \"%s\" 2>&1", inputPath, outputPath);
+        "ffmpeg", "-y", "-loglevel", "quiet",
+        "-i", inputPath,
+        "-ar", "48000", "-ac", "1", "-f", "wav",
+        outputPath, NULL
+    };
 
-    int result = system(cmd);
+    PlatformSpawnHandle handle = { 0 };
+    PlatformError rc = Platform_SpawnChild("ffmpeg", argv, &handle);
+    if (rc != PLATFORM_OK) {
+        TraceLog(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to spawn ffmpeg: %s", Platform_GetLastErrorMessage());
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    if (result == 0 && FileExists(outputPath)) {
+    Platform_WaitForChild(&handle);
+
+    int exit_code = 0;
+    SpawnStatus status = Platform_GetExitStatus(&handle, &exit_code);
+    if (status == SPAWN_EXITED && exit_code == 0 && FileExists(outputPath)) {
         TraceLog(LOG_INFO, "FFmpeg conversion successful: %s", outputPath);
         return true;
     }
 
-    TraceLog(LOG_WARNING, "FFmpeg conversion failed or not available");
+    TraceLog(LOG_WARNING, "FFmpeg conversion failed (exit code %d)", exit_code);
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -459,7 +470,7 @@ static bool LoadWavFile(const char* filepath, AudioSignal* signal)
     Wave wave = LoadWave(filepath);
     if (wave.data == NULL) {
         TraceLog(LOG_ERROR, "Failed to open WAV file: %s", filepath);
-        if (isConverted) remove(convertedPath);
+        if (isConverted) FileRemove(convertedPath);
         return false;
     }
     
@@ -493,7 +504,7 @@ static bool LoadWavFile(const char* filepath, AudioSignal* signal)
     
     // Clean up temp file if converted
     if (isConverted) {
-        remove(convertedPath);
+        FileRemove(convertedPath);
         TraceLog(LOG_INFO, "Cleaned up temp file: %s", convertedPath);
     }
     
@@ -768,11 +779,15 @@ static void ScanDirectory(const char* path)
             const char* name = GetFileName(files.paths[i]);
             if (strcmp(name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(name, "..") == 0) continue;
             if (DirectoryExists(files.paths[i])) {
-                app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount] = strdup(name);
+                size_t len = strlen(name) + 1;
+                app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount] = (char*)malloc(len);
+                if (app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount]) {
+                    memcpy(app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount], name, len);
                     app.browserIsDir[app.browserFileCount] = true;
                     app.browserFileCount++;
                 }
             }
+        }
         for (int i = 0; i < files.count; i++) {
             const char* name = GetFileName(files.paths[i]);
             if (strcmp(name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(name, "..") == 0) continue;
@@ -780,13 +795,17 @@ static void ScanDirectory(const char* path)
                 const char* ext = GetFileExtension(files.paths[i]);
                 if (ext && (strcmp(ext, ".wav") == 0 || strcmp(ext, ".WAV") == 0 ||
                             strcmp(ext, ".Wave") == 0 || strcmp(ext, ".Wav") == 0)) {
-                    app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount] = strdup(name);
+                    size_t len = strlen(name) + 1;
+                    app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount] = (char*)malloc(len);
+                    if (app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount]) {
+                        memcpy(app.browserFiles[app.browserFileCount], name, len);
                         app.browserIsDir[app.browserFileCount] = false;
                         app.browserFileCount++;
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
+    }
     UnloadDirectoryFiles(files);
     app.browserScroll = 0;
     app.browserSelected = -1;