kjv_api/data/1828_Webster_KJV.json

{"a": ["A is the first letter of the Alphabet in most of the known languages of the earth; in the Ethiopic, however it is the thirteenth, and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound naturally formed by the human organs; being the sound uttered with a mere opening of the mouth without constraint, and without any effort to alter the natural position or configuration of the lips. The A has been proven to be the first natural vocal sound, and entitled to the first place in alphabets.", "A has in English, three sounds; the long or slender, as in place, fate; the broad, as in wall, fall, which is shortened in salt, what; and the open, as in father, glass, which is shortened in rather, fancy. Its primitive sound was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation used before words beginning with an articulation; as a table, instead of an table, or one table. This is a modern change.", "This letter serves as a prefix to many English words, as in asleep; awake; afoot; aground; agoing. In some cases, this is a contraction of Teutonic ge, as in asleep, aware, from the Saxon geslapan, to sleep, to beware. Sometimes it is a corruption of the Saxon on, as again from ongean , awake from onwacian to watch or wake. Before participles, it may be a contraction of the Celtic ag, the sign of the participle of the present tense; as, ag-radh, saying; a saying, a going. Or this may be a contraction of on, or what is equally probable, it may have proceeded from a mere accidental sound produced by negligent utterance. In some words, a may be a contraction of at, of, in, to, or an. In some words of Greek original, a is privative, giving to them a negative sense, as in anonymous.", "Among the ancients, A was a numeral denoting 500, and with a dash A 5000. In the Julian Calendar, A is the first of the seven dominical letters.", "Among logicians, A, as an abbreviation, stands for a universal affirmative proposition. A asserts; E denies. Thus in barbara, a thrice repeated denotes so many of the propositions to be universal.", "The Romans used A to signify a negative or dissent in giving their votes; A standing for antiquo, I oppose or object to the proposed law. Opposed to this letter were U R, uti rogas, be it as you desire - the words used to express assent to a proposition. These letters were marked on wooden ballots, and each voter had an affirmative and a negative put into his hands, one of which at pleasure he gave as his vote, - In criminal trials, A stood for absolvo, I acquit, C for condemno, I condemn; and N L for non liquet, it is not evident; and the judges voted by ballots this marked. In inscriptions, A stands for Augustus; or for ager, aiunt, , aurum, argentum, &c.", "A is also used for anno, or ante; as in Anno Domini, the year of our Lord; anno mundi, the year of the world; ante meridiem, before noon, and for arts, in artium magister, master of arts.", "In algebra, a and first letters of the alphabet represent known quantities - the last letters are sometimes used to represent unknown quantities.", "music, A is the nominal of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scale - called by Guido la. It is also the name of one of the two natural moods; and it is the open note of the 2d string of the violin, by which the other strings are tuned and regulated.", "In pharmacy, a or aa, abbreviations of the Greek ana, signify of each separately, or that the things mentioned should be taken in quantities of the same weight or measure.", "In chimistry, A A A stand for amalgama, or amalgamation.", "In commerce, A stands for accepted, as in case of a bill of exchange. Merchants also number their books by the letters - A,B,C, instead of figures. Public officers number their exhibits in the same manner; as the document A, or B.", "Alpha and Omega, the first and last letters of the Greek Alphabet, are used in Scripture for the beginning and end - representative of Christ.", "In mathematics, letters are used as representatives of numbers, lines, angles and quantities. In arguments, letters are substituted for persons, in cases supposed, or stated for illustration, as A contracts with B to deliver property to D. - In the English phraseology \"a landlord as a hundred a year,\" \" the sum amounted to ten dollars a man,\" a is merely the adjective one, and this mode of expression is idiomatic; a hundred in a year; ten dollars to a man."], "aaronic": ["AARON'IC, a. Pertaining to Aaron, the Jewish High Priest, or to the priesthood of which he was the head."], "abaddon": ["ABAD'DON, n. Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. to be lost, or destroyed, to perish.", "1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit. Rev. ix.", "2. The bottomless pit."], "abase": ["ABA'SE, v.t. Fr abaisser, from bas, low, or the bottom; W. bais; Latin and Gr. basis; Eng. base; It. Abbassare; Sp. bare, low. See Abash.", "1. The literal sense of abase is to lower or depress, to throw or cast down, as used by Bacon, \"to abase the eye.\" But the word is seldom used in reference to material things.", "2. To cast down; to reduce low; to depress; to humble; to degrade; applied to the passions, rank, office, and condition in life.", "Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan. 4.", "Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased, Mat. 23. Job. 40. 2 Cor. 11."], "abased": ["ABA'SED, pp. Reduced to a low state, humbled, degraded.", "In heraldry, it is used of the wings of eagles, when the tops are turned downwards towards the point of the shield; or when the wings are shut, the natural way of bearing them being spread, with the top pointing to the chief of the angle."], "abasement": ["ABA'SEMENT, n. The act of humbling or bringing low; also a state of depression, degradation, or humiliation."], "abasing": ["ABA'SING, ppr. Humbling, depressing, bringing low."], "abatable": ["ABA'TABLE, a. That may or can be abated; as an abatable writ or nuisance."], "abate": ["ABA'TE, v.t. Heb. Ch., to beat. The Saxon has the participle gebatod, abated. The prefix is sunk to a in abate, and lost in beat. See Class Bd. No. 23, 33.", "1. To beat down; to pull down; to destroy in any manner; as to abate a nuisance.", "2. To lessen; to diminish; to moderate; as to abate zeal; to abate pride; to abate a demand; to abate courage.", "3. To lessen; to mitigate; as to abate pain or sorrow.", "4. To overthrow; to cause to fail; to frustrate by judicial sentence; as to abate a writ.", "5. To deject; to depress; as to abate the soul. Obs.", "6. To deduct;", "Nothing to add and nothing to abate.", "7. To cause to fail; to annul. By the English law, a legacy to a charity is abated by a deficiency of assets.", "8. In Conneticut, to remit, as to abate a tax.", "ABA'TE, v.i. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as pain abates; a storm abates.", "2. To fail; to be defeated, or come to naught; as a writ abates. By the civil law a legacy to a charity does not abate by deficiency of assets.", "3. In law, to enter into a freehold after the death of the last occupant, and before the heir or devisee takes possession.", "4. In horsemanship, to perform well a downward motion. A horse is said to abate, or take down his curvets, when, working upon curvets, he puts both his hind legs to the ground at once, and observes the same exactness in all the times."], "abated": ["ABA'TED, pp. Lessened; decreased; destroyed; mitigated; defeated; remitted; overthrown."], "abatement": ["ABA'TEMENT, n.", "1. The act of abating; the state of being abated.", "2. A reduction, removing, or pulling down as of a nuisance.", "3. Diminution, decrease, or mitigation, as of grief or pain.", "4. Deduction, sum withdraw, as from an account.", "5. Overthrow, failure or defeat, as of a writ.", "6. The entry of a stranger into a freehold after the death of the tenant, before the heir or devisee.", "7. In heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, by which its dignity is debased for some stain on the character of the wearer."], "abater": ["ABA'TER, n. The person or thing that abates."], "abating": ["ABA'TING, ppr. Pulling down, diminishing, defeating, remitting."], "abator": ["ABA'TOR, n. A person who enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee"], "abba": ["AB'BA, n. In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figuratively a superior. appen.", "In the Syriac, Coptic and Ethiopic churches, it is a title given to the Bishops, and the Bishops bestow the title, by way of distinction, on the Bishop of Alexandria. Hence the title Baba, or Papa, Pope or great father, which the Bishop of Alexandria bore, before the Bishop of Rome."], "abele": ["ABE'LE or ABEL-TREE, n. An obsolete name of the while poplar. See Poplar."], "abhor": ["ABHOR', v.t. L abhorreo, of ab and horreo, to set up bristles, shiver or shake; to look terrible.", "1. To hate extremely, or with contempt; to lothe, detest or abominate.", "2. To despise or neglect. Ps. xxii. 24. Amos vi. 8.", "3. To cast off or reject. Ps. lxxix. 38."], "abhorred": ["ABHOR'RED, pp. Hated extremely, detested."], "abhorring": ["ABHOR'RING, ppr. Having great aversion, detesting. As a noun, it is used in Isaiah lxvi, for the object of hatred - \"An abhorring to all flesh.\""], "abib": ["A'BIB, n. Heb. swelling, protuberant. To produce the first or early fruit; a full grown ear of corn.", "The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, called also Nisan. It begins at the spring equinox, and answers to the latter part of March and beginning of April. Its name is derived from the full growth of wheat in Egypt, which took place anciently, as it does now, at that season."], "abide": ["ABI'DE, v. i. pert. and part. abode.", "abada, to be, or exist, to continue; W. bod, to be; to dwell, rest, continue, stand firm, or be stationary for anytime indefinitely. Class Bd. No 7.", "1. To rest, or dwell. Gen. xxix 19.", "2. To tarry or stay for a short time. Gen. xxiv. 55.", "3. To continue permanently or in the same state; to be firm and immovable. Ps. cxix. 90.", "4. To remain, to continue. Acts, xxvii. 31. Eccles. viii. 15.", "ABI'DE, v.t.", "1. To wait for; to be prepared for; to await.", "Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts, 20:23.", "For is here understood.", "2. To endure or sustain.", "To abide the indignation of the Lord. Joel 10.", "3. To bear or endure; to bear patiently. \"I cannot abide his impertinence.\"", "This verb when intransitive, is followed by in or at before the place, and with before the person. \"Abide with me - at Jerusalem or in this land.\" Sometimes by on, the sword shall abide on his cities; and in the sense of wait, by far, abide for me. Hosea, iii. 3. Sometimes by by, abide by the crib. Job, xxxix.", "In general, abide by signifies to adhere to, maintain defend, or stand to, as to abide by a promise, or by a friend; or to suffer the consequences, as to abide by the event, that is, to be fixed or permanent in a particular condition."], "abider": ["ABI'DER, n. One who dwells or continues."], "abiding": ["ABI'DING, ppr. Dwelling; remaining; continuing; enduring; awaiting.", "ABI'DING, n. Continuance; fixed state; residence; an enduring."], "abidingly": ["ABI'DINGLY, adv. In a manner to continue; permanently."], "ability": ["ABIL'ITY, n. L. habilitas, ableness, fitness, from habeo, to have or hold.", "1. Physical power, whether bodily or mental; natural or acquired; force of understanding; skill in arts or science. Ability is active power, or power to perform; as opposed to capacity, or power to receive. In the plural, abilities is much used in a like sense; and also for faculties of the mind, and acquired qualifications.", "2. Riches, wealth, substance, which are the means, or which furnish the power, of doing certain acts.", "They gave after their ability to the work. Ez. 2.", "3. Moral power, depending on the will - a metaphysical and theological sense.", "4. Civil or legal power, the power or right to do certain things, as an ability to transfer property or dispose of effects - ability to inherit. It is opposed to disability."], "abject": ["ABJECT', v.t. To throw away; to cast out. Obs."], "abjection": ["ABJEC'TION, n. A state of being cast away, hence a low state; meanness of spirit; baseness."], "abjectness": ["AB'JECTNESS, n. the state of being abject; meanness; servility."], "ablative": ["AB'LATIVE, a. L.ablativus; L. ablatus, from aufero, to carry away, of ab and fero.", "A word applied to the sixth case of nouns in the Latin language, in which case are used words when the actions of carrying away, or taking from, are signified.", "Ablative absolute, is when a word in that case, is independent, in construction, of the rest of the sentence."], "able": ["ABLE, a. a'bl. L. habitis", "1. Having physical power sufficient; having competent power or strength, bodily or mental; as a man able to perform military service - a child is not able to reason on abstract subjects.", "2. Having strong or unusual powers of mind, or intellectual qualifications; as an able minister.", "Provide out of all Israel able men. Ex. 18.", "3. Having large or competent property; or simply have property, or means.", "Every man shall give as he is able. Deut. 16.", "4. Having competent strength or fortitude.", "He is not able to sustain such pain or affliction.", "5. Having sufficient knowledge or skill.", "He is able to speak French.", "She is not able to play on the piano.", "6. Having competent moral power or qualifications.", "An illegitimate son is not able to take by inheritance."], "ableness": ["A'BLENESS, n. Ability of body or mind; force; vigor; capability."], "ablest": ["A'BLER, and A'BLEST, Comp. and superl. of able."], "aboard": ["ABOARD, adv. a and board. See Board. Within a ship, vessel, or boat.", "To go aboard, to enter a ship, to embark.", "To fall aboard, to strike a ship's side.", "Aboard main tack, an order to draw a corner of the main-sail down to the chess-tree."], "abodance": ["ABO'DANCE, n. from bode. An omen. Not used."], "abode": ["ABO'DE, pret. of abide", "ABO'DE, n. See Abide.", "1. Stay; continuance in a place; residence for a longer or shorter time.", "2. A place of continuance; a dwelling; a habitation.", "3. To make abode, to dwell or reside.", "ABO'DE, v.t. See Bode. To foreshow.", "ABO'DE, v.i. To be an omen"], "abodement": ["ABO'DEMENT, n. from body. A secret anticipation of something future."], "aboding": ["ABO'DING, n. Presentiment; prognostication."], "abolish": ["ABOL'ISH, v.t. L. abolco; from ab and oleo, olesco, to grow.", "1. To make void; to annul; to abrogate; applied chiefly and appropriately to established laws, contracts, rites, customs and institutions - as to abolish laws by a repeal, actual or virtual.", "2. To destroy, or put an end to; as to abolish idols. Isa. ii. To abolish death 2Tim. i. This sense is not common. To abolish posterity, in the translation of Pausanias, Lib. 3. Ca. 6, is hardly allowable."], "abolishable": ["ABOL'ISHABLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated, or destroyed, as a law, rite, custom, &c."], "abolished": ["ABOL'ISHED, pp. annulled; repealed; abrogated, or destroyed."], "abolisher": ["ABOL'ISHER, n. One who abolishes."], "abolishing": ["ABOL'ISHING, ppr. Making void; annulling; destroying."], "abolishment": ["ABOL'ISHMENT, n. The act of annulling; abrogation; destruction."], "abominable": ["ABOM'INABLE, a. See Abominate.", "1. Very hateful; detestable; lothesome.", "2. This word is applicable to whatever is odious to the mind or offensive to the senses.", "3. Unclean. Levit. vli."], "abominableness": ["ABOM'INABLENESS, n. The quality or state of being very odious; hatefulness."], "abominably": ["ABOM'INABLY, adv.", "1. Very odiously; detestably; sinfully. 1Kings xxi.", "2. In vulgar language, extremely, excessively."], "abominate": ["ABOM'INATE, v.t. L. abomino, supposed to be formed by ab and omen; to deprecate as ominous; may the Gods avert the evil.", "To hate extremely; to abhor; to detest"], "abominated": ["ABOM'INATED, pp. Hated utterly, detested; abhorred."], "abominating": ["ABOM'INATING, ppr. Abhorring; hating extremely."], "abomination": ["ABOMINA'TION, n.", "1. Extreme hatred; detestation.", "2. The object of detestation, a common signification in scripture.", "The way of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord. Prov.xv.", "3. Hence, defilement, pollution, in a physical sense, or evil doctrines and practices, which are moral defilements, idols and idolatry, are called abominations. The Jews were an abomination to the Egyptians; and the sacred animals of the Egyptians were an abomination to the Jews. The Roman army is called the abomination of desolation. Mat. 24:13. In short, whatever is an object of extreme hatred, is called an abomination."], "abound": ["ABOUND', v. i. L. abundo. If this word is from L. unda, a wave, the latter has probably lost its first consonant. Abound may naturally be deduced from the Celtic. L. fons, a fountain.", "1. To have or possess in great quantity; to be copiously supplied; followed by with or in; as to abound with provisions; to abound in good things.", "2. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent.", "Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v."], "abounding": ["ABOUND'ING, ppr. Having in great plenty; being in great plenty, being very prevalent; generally prevailing.", "ABOUND'ING, n. Increase."], "about": ["ABOUT', prep. Gr. butan, without, see but, literally, around, on the outside.", "1. Around; on the exterior part or surface.", "Bind them about thy neck. Prov. iii. 3. Isa. l. Hence,", "2. Near to in place, with the sense of circularity.", "Get you up from about the tabernacle. Num. xvi.", "3. Near to in time.", "He went out about the third hour. Mat. xxi. 3.", "4. Near to, in action, or near to the performance of some act.", "Paul was about to open his mouth.", "They were about to flee out of the ship. Acts, 28:14 - 28:30.", "5. Near to the person; appended to the clothes. Every thing about him is in order. Is your snuff box about you? From nearness on all sides, the transition is easy to a concern with. Hence,", "6. Concerned in, engaged in, relating to, respecting.", "I must be about my father's business. Luke, ii. 49. The painter is not to take so much pains about the drapery as about the face", "What is he about?", "7. In compass or circumference; two yards about the trunk.", "ABOUT', adv.", "1. Near to in number or quantity.", "There fell that day about three thousand men. Ex. xxxii.", "2. Near to in quality or degree; as about as high, or as cold.", "3. Here and there; around; in one place and another.", "Wandering about from house to house. 1Tim. v.", "4. round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the shortest way. A mile about, and half a mile across.", "To bring about, to bring to the end; to effect or accomplish a purpose.", "To come about, to change or turn; to come to the desired point. In a like sense, seamen say go about, when a ship changes her course and goes on the other tack.", "Ready about, about ship, are orders for tacking.", "To go about, signifies to enter upon; also to prepare; to seek the means.", "Why go ye about to kill me. John, 7."], "above": ["ABOVE', prep.", "1. Literally, higher in place.", "The fowls that fly above the earth. Gen. i. 20.", "2. Figuratively, superior in any respect.", "I saw a light above the brightness of the Sun, Acts, 26.", "The price of a virtuous woman is above rubies, Prov. 31.", "3. More in number or quantity.", "He was seen by above five hundred brethren at once, 1 Cor. 25.", "The weight is above a tun.", "4. More in degree; in a greater degree.", "Hannaniah feared God above many. Neh. vii. 2.", "The serpent is cursed above all cattle. Gen. iii.", "5. Beyond; in excess.", "In stripes above measure. 2Cor. xi.", "God will not suffer you to be tempted above what ye are able, 1 Cor. 10:13.", "6. Beyond; in a state to be unattainable; as things above comprehension.", "7. Too proud for.", "This man is above his business.", "8. Too elevated in mind or rank; having too much dignity for; as", "This man is above mean actions.", "9. It is often used elliptically, for heaven, or the celestial regions.", "Let not God regard it from above, Job, 3.", "The powers above.", "10. In a book or writing, it denotes before or in a former place, as what has been said above; supra. This mode of speaking originated in the ancient manner of writing, on a strip of parchment, beginning at one end and proceeding to the other. The beginning was the upper end.", "ABOVE', adv.", "1. Overhead; in a higher place.", "2. Before.", "3. Chief in rank or power. Deut. 28.", "Above all is elliptical; above all considerations; chiefly; in preference to other things.", "Above board; above the board or table; in open sight; without trick, concealment or deception. This expression is said by Johnson to be borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table."], "abrahamic": ["ABRAHAM'IC, a. Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch, as Abrahamic Covenant."], "abroad": ["ABROAD, adv. abrawd'. See Broad", "In a general sense, at large; widely; not confined to narrow limits. Hence,", "1. In the open air.", "2. Beyond or out of the walls of a house, as to walk abroad.", "3. Beyond the limits of a camp. Deut. xxiii. 10", "4. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries - as to go abroad for an education. We have broils at home and enemies abroad.", "5. Extensively; before the public at large.", "He began to blaze abroad the matter. Mark i. 45.", "Esther i.", "6. Widely; with expansion; as a tree spreads its branches abroad."], "absence": ["AB'SENCE, n. L. absens, from absum, abesse, to be away; ab and sum.", "1. A state of being at a distance in place, or not in company. It is used to denote any distance indefinitely, either in the same town, or country, or in a foreign country; and primarily supposes a prior presence. \"Speak well of one in his absence.\"", "2. Want; destitution; implying no previous presence. \"In the absence of conventional law.\"", "3. In law, non-appearance; a not being in court to answer.", "4. Heedlessness; inattention to things present. Absence of mind is the attention of the mind to a subject which does not occupy the rest of the company, and which draws the mind from things or objects which are present, to others distant or foreign."], "absent": ["AB'SENT, a.", "1. Not present; not in company; at such a distance as to prevent communication. It is used also for being in a foreign country.", "A gentleman is absent on his travels.", "Absent from one another. Gen. 31:49.", "2. Heedless; inattentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation in company.", "An absent man is uncivil to the company.", "3. In familiar language, not at home; as, the master of the house is absent. In other words, he does not wish to be disturbed by company."], "absenter": ["ABSENT'ER, n. One who absents himself."], "absentment": ["ABSENT'MENT, n. A state of being absent."], "abstain": ["ABSTA'IN, v.i. L. abstineo, to keep from; abs and teneo, to hold. See Tenant.", "In a general sense, to forbear, or refrain from, voluntarily; but used chiefly to denote a restraint upon the passions or appetites; to refrain from indulgence.", "Abstain from meats offered to idols. Acts, xv.", "To abstain from the use of ardent spirits; to abstain from luxuries."], "abstinence": ["AB'STINENCE, n. L. abstinentia. See Abstain.", "1. In general, the act or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbearing any action. \"Abstinence from every thing which can be deemed labor.", "More appropriately,", "2. The refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal propensities. It denotes a total forbearance, as in fasting, or a forbearance of the usual quantity. In the latter sense, it may coincide with temperance, but in general, it denotes a more sparing use of enjoyments than temperance. Besides, abstinence implies previous free indulgence; temperance does not."], "abstinent": ["AB'STINENT, a. Refraining from indulgence, especially in the use of food and drink."], "abstinently": ["AB'STINENTLY, adv. With abstinence."], "abstinents": ["AB'STINENTS, a sect which appeared in France and Spain in the third century, who opposed marriage, condemned the use of flesh meat, and placed the Holy Spirit in the class of created beings."], "abundance": ["ABUND'ANCE, n. Great plenty; an overflowing quantity; ample sufficiency; in strictness applicable to quantity only; but customarily used of number, as an abundance of peasants.", "In scripture, the abundance of the rich is great wealth. Eccl. 5. Mark, 7. Luke 21.", "The abundance of the seas is great plenty of fish.", "Deut. 33.", "It denotes also fullness, overflowing, as the abundance of the heart. Mat. 22. Luke, 6."], "abundant": ["ABUND'ANT, a. Plentiful; in great quantity; fully sufficient; as an abundant supply. In scripture, abounding; having in great quantity; overflowing with.", "The Lord God is abundant in goodness and truth. Ex. xxxiv.", "Abundant number, in arithmetic, is one, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the sum of 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 3."], "abundantly": ["ABUND'ANTLY, adv. Fully; amply; plentifully; in a sufficient degree."], "abuse": ["ABU'SE, v.t. s as z. L. abutor, abusus of ab and utor, to use; Gr. to accustom. See Use.", "1. To use ill; to maltreat; to misuse; to use with bad motives or to wrong purposes; as, to abuse rights or privileges.", "They that use this world as not abusing it. 1Cor. vii.", "2. To violate; to defile by improper sexual intercourse.", "3. To deceive; to impose on.", "Nor be with all these tempting words abused.", "4. To treat rudely, or with reproachful language; to revile.", "He mocked and abused them shamefully.", "5. To pervert the meaning of; to misapply; as to abuse words.", "ABU'SE, n. Ill use; improper treatment or employment; application to a wrong purpose; as an abuse of our natural powers; an abuse of civil rights, or of religious privileges; abuse of advantages, &c.", "Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power.", "2. A corrupt practice or custom, as the abuses of government.", "3. Rude speech; reproachful language addressed to a person; contumely; reviling words.", "4. Seduction.", "After the abuse he forsook me.", "5. Perversion of meaning; improper use or application; as an abuse of words."], "abused": ["ABU'SED, pp. s as z. Ill-used; used to a bad purpose; treated with rude language; misemployed; perverted to bad or wrong ends; deceived; defiled; violated."], "abuseful": ["ABU'SEFUL, a. Using or practicing abuse; abusive. Not used."], "abuser": ["ABU'SER, n. s as z. One who abuses, in speech or behavior; one that deceives; a ravisher; a sodomite. 1Cor. vi."], "abusing": ["ABU'SING, ppr. s as z. Using ill; employing to bad purposes; deceiving; violating the person; perverting."], "abusion": ["ABU'SION, n. abu'zhon. Abuse; evil or corrupt usage; reproach. Little used."], "abusive": ["ABU'SIVE, a.", "1. Practicing abuse; offering harsh words, or ill treatment; as an abusive author; an abusive fellow.", "2. Containing abuse, or that is the instrument of abuse, as abusive words; rude; reproachful. In the sense of deceitful, as an abusive treaty. Little used."], "abusively": ["ABU'SIVELY, adv. In an abusive manner; rudely; reproachfully."], "abusiveness": ["ABU'SIVENESS, n. Ill-usage; the quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person."], "aby": ["ABY', v.t. or i. Probably contracted from abide. To endure; to pay dearly; to remain. Obs."], "accept": ["ACCEPT', v.t. L. accepto, from accipio, ad and capio, to take.", "1. To take or receive what is offered, with a consenting mind; to receive with approbation or favor.", "Bless, Lord, his substance, and accept the work of his hands. Deut. 33.", "He made an offer which was accepted.", "Observe the difference between receive and accept.", "He received an appointment or the offer of a commission, but he did not accept it.", "2. To regard with partiality; to value or esteem.", "It is not good to accept the person of the wicked. Prov. 28. 2 Cor. 8.", "In theology, acceptance with God implies forgiveness of sins and reception into his favor.", "3. To consent or agree to; to receive as terms of a contract; as, to accept a treaty; often followed by of.", "Accept of the terms.", "4. To understand; to have a particular idea of; to receive in a particular sense.", "How is this phrase to be accepted?", "5. In commerce, to agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. See Acceptance."], "acceptable": ["ACCEPT'ABLE, a.", "1. That may be received with pleasure; hence pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; as an acceptable present.", "2. Agreeable or pleasing in person; as, a man makes himself acceptable by his services or civilities."], "acceptableness": ["ACCEPT'ABLENESS, n. the quality of being agreeable to a ACCEPTABIL'ITY, receiver, or to a person with whom one has intercourse. The latter word is little used, or not at all."], "acceptably": ["ACCEPT'ABLY, adv. In a manner to please, or give satisfaction.", "Let us have grace whereby we may serve God acceptably.", "Heb. 12."], "acceptance": ["ACCEPT'ANCE, n.", "1. A receiving with approbation or satisfaction; favorable reception; as work done to acceptance.", "They shall come up with acceptance on my altar. Isa. 60.", "2. the receiving of a bill of exchange or order, in such a manner, as to bind the acceptor to make payment. This must be by express words; and to charge the drawer with costs, in case of non payment, the acceptance must be in writing, under across, or on the back of the bill.", "3. An agreeing to terms or proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded and the parties bound.", "Page 41", "4. An agreeing to the act or contact of another, by some act which binds the person in law; as, a bishop's taking rent reserved on a lease made by his predecessor, is an acceptance of the terms of the lease and binds the party.", "5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange accepted; as a merchant receives another's acceptance in payment.", "6. Formerly, the sense is which a word is understood. Obs.", "See Acceptation."], "acceptation": ["ACCEPTA'TION, n.", "1. Kind reception; a receiving with favor or approbation.", "This is a saying worthy of all acceptation. 1 Tim. 1.", "2. A state of being acceptable; favorable regard.", "Some things are of great dignity and acceptation with God", "But in this sense acceptableness is more generally used.", "3. the meaning or sense in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; as a term is to be used according to its usual acceptation.", "4. Reception in general. Obs."], "accepted": ["ACCEPT'ED, pp. Kindly received; regarded; agreed to; understood; received as a bill of exchange."], "accepter": ["ACCEPT'ER, OR ACCEPT'OR, n. A person who accepts; the person who receives a bill of exchange so as to bind himself to pay it. See Acceptance."], "accepting": ["ACCEPT'ING, ppr. Receiving favorably; agreeing to; understanding."], "acception": ["ACCEP'TION, n. The received sense of a word. Not now used."], "acceptive": ["ACCEPT'IVE, a. Ready to accept. Not used."], "access": ["ACCESS', n. L. accessus, from accedo. See Accede.", "1. A coming to; near approach; admittance; admission, as to gain access to a prince.", "2. Approach, or the way by which a thing may be approached; as, the access is by a neck of land.", "3. Means of approach; liberty to approach; implying previous obstacles.", "By whom also we have access by faith. Rom. v.", "4. Admission to sexual intercourse.", "During coverture, access of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown.", "5. Addition; increase by something added; as an access of territory; but in this sense accession is more generally used.", "6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease, or fever. In this sense accession is generally used."], "accessibility": ["ACCESSIBIL'ITY, n. The quality of being approachable; or of admitting access."], "accessible": ["ACCESS'IBLE, a.", "1. That may be approached or reached; approachable; applied to things; as an accessible town or mountain.", "2. Easy of approach, affable, used of persons."], "accession": ["ACCESS'ION, n. L. accessio.", "1. A coming to; an acceding to and joining; as a king's accession to a confederacy.", "2. Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation; as an accession of wealth or territory.", "3. In law, a mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance, which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the thing added or the improvement; provided the thing is not changed into a different species. Thus the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf.", "4. The act of arriving at a throne, an office, or dignity.", "5. That which is added.", "The only accession which the Roman Empire received, was the province of Britain.", "6. The invasion of a fit of a periodical disease, or fever. It differs from exacerbation. Accession implies a total previous intermission, as of a fever; exacerbation implies only a previous remission or abatement of violence."], "accompanied": ["ACCOM'PANIED, pp. Attended; joined with in society."], "accompaniment": ["ACCOM'PANIMENT, n. Something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added by way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the sake of symmetry. Thus instruments of music attending the voice; small objects in painting; dogs, guns and game in a hunting piece; warlike instruments with the portrait of a military character, are accompaniments."], "accompany": ["ACCOM'PANY, v.t. See Company.", "1. To go with or attend as a companion or associate on a journey, walk, &c; as a man accompanies his friend to church, or on a tour.", "2. To be with as connected; to attend; as pain accompanies disease."], "accompanying": ["ACCOM'PANYING, ppr. Attending; going with as a companion."], "accomplish": ["ACCOM'PLISH, v.t. L. compleo, to complete. See Complete.", "1. To complete; to finish entirely.", "That He would accomplish seventy years in the desolation of Jerusalem. Dan. 9", "2. To execute; as to accomplish a vow, wrath or fury. Lev. 13 and 20.", "3. To gain; to obtain or effect by successful exertions; as to accomplish a purpose. Prov. 13.", "4. To fulfil or bring to pass; as, to accomplish a prophecy.", "This that is written must yet be accomplished in me. Luke, 22.", "5. To furnish with qualities which serve to render the mind or body complete, as with valuable endowments and elegant manners."], "accomplished": ["ACCOM'PLISHED, pp.", "1. Finished; completed; fulfilled; executed; effected.", "2. a. Well endowed with good qualities and manners; complete in acquirements; having a finished education.", "3. Fashionable."], "accomplisher": ["ACCOM'PLISHER, n. One who accomplishes."], "accomplishing": ["ACCOM'PLISHING, ppr. finishing; completing; fulfilling; executing; effecting; furnishing with valuable qualities."], "accomplishment": ["ACCOM'PLISHMENT, n.", "1. Completion; fulfillment; entire performance; as the accomplishment of a prophecy.", "2. The act of carrying into effect, or obtaining an object designed; attainment; as the accomplishment of our desires or ends.", "3. Acquirement; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education."], "accord": ["ACCORD', n.The Lat. has concors, concordo.", "1. Agreement; harmony of minds; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills.", "They all continued with one accord in prayer. Acts, 1.", "2. Concert; harmony of sounds; the union of different sounds, which is agreeable to the ear; agreement in pitch and tone; as the accord of notes; but in this sense, it is more usual to employ concord or chord.", "3. Agreement; just correspondence of things; as the accord of light and shade in painting.", "4. Will; voluntary or spontaneous motion; used of the will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies, and preceded by own.", "Being more forward of his own accord. 2Cor. 8.", "That which groweth of its own accord thou shall not reap. Lev. 25.", "5. Adjustment of a difference; reconciliation.", "The mediator of an accord.", "6. In law, an agreement between parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a suit.", "7. Permission, leave.", "ACCORD', v.t.", "1. To make to agree, or correspond; to adjust one thing to another.", "Her hands accorded the lute's music to the voice.", "2. To being to an agreement; to settle, adjust or compose; as to accord suits or controversies."], "accordable": ["ACCORD'ABLE, a. Agreeable, consonant."], "accordant": ["ACCORD'ANT, a. Corresponding; consonant; agreeable."], "accorded": ["ACCORD'ED, pp. Make to agree; adjusted."], "accorder": ["ACCORD'ER, n. One that aids, or favors. Little used."], "according": ["ACCORD'ING, ppr.", "1. Agreeing; harmonizing.", "Th' according music of a well mixt state.", "2. Suitable; agreeable; in accordance with.", "In these senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence.", "Our zeal should be according to knowledge.", "Noble is the fame that is built on candor and ingenuity, according to those beautiful lines of Sir John Denham.", "Here the whole preceding parts of the sentence are to accord, i.e. agree with, correspond with, or be suitable to, what follows. According, here, has its true participial sense, agreeing, and is always followed by to. It is never a preposition."], "accordingly": ["ACCORD'INGLY, adv. Agreeably; suitably; in a manner conformable to.", "Those who live in faith and good works, will be rewarded accordingly."], "account": ["ACCOUNT', n.", "1. A sum stated on paper; a registry of a debt or credit; of debts and credits, or charges; an entry in a book or on paper of things bought or sold, of payments, services &c., including the names of the parties to the transaction, date, and price or value of the thing.", "Account signifies a single entry or charge, or a statement of a number of particular debts and credits, in a book or on a separate paper; and in the plural, is used for the books containing such entries.", "2. A computation of debts and credits, or a general statement of particular sums; as, the account stands thus; let him exhibit his account.", "3. A computation or mode of reckoning; applied to other things, than money or trade; as the Julian account of time.", "4. Narrative; relation; statement of facts; recital of particular transactions and events, verbal or written; as an account of the revolution in France. Hence,", "5. An assignment of reasons; explanation by a recital of particular transactions, given by a person in an employment, or to a superior, often implying responsibility.", "Give an account of thy stewardship. Luke, 16.", "Without responsibility or obligation.", "He giveth not account of his matters. Job, 33.", "6. Reason or consideration, as a motive; as on all accounts, on every account.", "7. Value; importance; estimation; that is, such a state of persons or things, as renders them worthy of more or less estimation; as men of account of him. Ps. 144.", "8. Profit; advantage; that is, a result or production worthy of estimation. To find our account in a pursuit; to turn to account.", "9. Regard; behalf; sake; a sense deduced from charges on book; as on account of public affairs.", "Put that to mine account. Philem. 18.", "To make account, that is, to have a pervious opinion or expectation, is a sense now obsolete.", "A writ of account, in law, is a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant should render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; call also an action of account."], "accountability": ["ACCOUNTABIL'ITY, n.", "1. The state of being liable to answer for one's conduct; liability to give account, and to receive reward or punishment for actions.", "The awful idea of accountability.", "2. Liability to the payment of money or of damages; responsibility for a trust."], "accountable": ["ACCOUNT'ABLE, a.", "1. Liable to be called to account; answerable to a superior.", "Every man is accountable to God for his conduct.", "2. Subject to pay, or make good, in case of loss. A sheriff is accountable, as bailiff and receiver of goods.", "Accountable for, that may be explained. Not elegant."], "accountableness": ["ACCOUNT'ABLENESS, n. Liableness to answer or to give account; the state of being answerable, or liable to the payment of money or damages."], "accountant": ["ACCOUNT'ANT, n. One skilled in mercantile accounts; more generally, a person who keeps accounts; an officer in a public office who has charge of the accounts. In Great Britain, an officer in the court of chancery, who receives money and pays it to the bank, is call accountant-general."], "accounted": ["ACCOUNT'ED, pp. Esteemed; deemed; considered; regarded; valued.", "Accounted for, explained."], "accounting": ["ACCOUNT'ING, ppr. Deeming; esteeming; reckoning; rendering an account.", "Accounting for, rendering an account; assigning the reasons; unfolding the causes.", "ACCOUNT'ING, n. The act of reckoning or adjusting accounts."], "accurse": ["ACCURSE, v.t. accurs', Ac for ad and curse. To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon. This verb is rarely used. See Curse."], "accursed": ["ACCURS'ED, pp. or a.", "1. Doomed to destruction or misery:", "The city shall be accursed. John 6.", "2. Separated from the faithful; cast out of the church; excommunicated.", "I could wish myself accursed from Christ.", "3. Worthy of the curse; detestable; execrable.", "Keep from the accursed thing. Josh. 6.", "Hence,", "4. Wicked; malignant in the extreme."], "accusable": ["ACCU'SABLE,a. That may be accused; chargeable with a crime; blamable; liable to censure; followed by of."], "accusant": ["ACCU'SANT, n. One who accuses."], "accusation": ["ACCUSA'TION, n.", "1. The act of charging with a crime or offense; the act of accusing of any wrong or injustice.", "2. The charge of an offense or crime; or the declaration containing the charge.", "They set over his head his accusation. Mat. 27."], "accusative": ["ACCU'SATIVE, a. A term given to a case of nouns, in Grammars, on which the action of a verb terminates or falls; called in English Grammar the objective case."], "accusatively": ["ACCU'SATIVELY, adv.", "1. In an accusative manner.", "2. In relation to the accusative case in Grammar."], "accuse": ["ACCU'SE, v.t. L. accuso, to blame or accuse; ad and causor, to blame, or accuse; causa, blame, suit, or process, cause. See Cause.", "1. To charge with, or declare to have committed a crime, either by plaint, or complaint, information, indictment, or impeachment; to charge with an offense against the laws, judicially or by a public process; as, to accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.", "2. To charge with a fault; to blame.", "Their thoughts, in the meanwhile, accusing or excusing one another. Rom. 2.", "It is followed by of before the subject of accusation; the use of for after this verb is illegitimate."], "accused": ["ACCU'SED, pp. Charged with a crime, by a legal process; charged with an offense; blamed."], "accuser": ["ACCU'SER, n. One who accuses or blames; an officer who prefers an accusation against another for some offense, in the name of the government, before a tribunal that has cognizance of the offense."], "accusing": ["ACCU'SING, ppr. Charging with a crime; blaming."], "accustom": ["ACCUS'TOM, v.t.", "To make familiar by use; to form a habit by practice; to habituate or inure; as to accustom one's self to a spare diet.", "ACCUS'TOM, v.i.", "1. To be wont, or habituated to do anything. Little used.", "2. To cohabit. Not used.", "ACCUS'TOM, n. Custom. Not used."], "accustomable": ["ACCUS'TOMABLE, a. Of long custom; habitual; customary. Little used."], "accustomably": ["ACCUS'TOMABLY, adv. According to custom or habit. Little used."], "accustomance": ["ACCUS'TOMANCE, n. custom; habitual use or practice. Not used."], "accustomed": ["ACCUS'TOMED, pp.", "1. Being familiar by use; habituated; inured.", "2. a. Usual; often practiced; as in their accustomed manner."], "accustoming": ["ACCUS'TOMING, ppr. Making familiar by practice; inuring."], "aceldama": ["ACEL'DAMA, n.", "A field said to have laid south of Jerusalem, the same as the potters field, purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his master, and therefore called the field of blood. It was appropriated to the interment of strangers."], "achor": ["A'CHOR, n. Gr., sordes capitis.", "1. The scald head, a disease forming scaly eruptions, supposed to be a critical evacuation of acrimonious humors; a species of herpes.", "2. In mythology, the God of flies, said to have been worshipped by the Cyreneans, to avoid being vexed by those insects."], "acknowledge": ["ACKNOWL'EDGE, v.t. Aknol'edge, ad and knowledge. See Know.", "1. To own, avow or admit to be true, by a declaration of assent; as to acknowledge the being of a God.", "2. To own or notice with particular regard.", "In all thy ways acknowledge God. Prov. 3. Isa. 33.", "3. To own or confess, as implying a consciousness of guilt.", "I acknowledge my transgressions, and my sin is ever before me. Ps. 51 and 32.", "4. To own with assent; to admit or receive with approbation.", "He that acknowledgeth the son, hath the father also.", "1John 2. 2Tim. 2.", "5. To own with gratitude; to own as a benefit; as, to acknowledge a favor, or the receipt of a gift.", "Thy his gifts acknowledged not.", "6. To own or admit to belong to; as, to acknowledge a son.", "7. To receive with respect.", "All that see them shall acknowledge that they are the seed which the Lord hath blessed. Isa. 6. 1Cor. 16.", "8. To own, avow or assent to an act in a legal form, to give it validity; as, to acknowledge a deed before competent authority."], "acknowledged": ["ACKNOWL'EDGED, pp. Owned; confessed; noticed with regard or gratitude; received with approbation; owned before authority."], "acknowledging": ["ACKNOWL'EDGING, ppr. Owning; confessing; approving; grateful; but the latter sense is a gallicism, not to be used."], "acknowledgment": ["ACKNOWL'EDGMENT, n.", "1. The act of owning; confession; as, the acknowledgment of a fault.", "2. The owning, with approbation, or in the true character; as the acknowledgment of a God, or of a public minister.", "3. Concession; admission of the truth; as, of a fact, position, or principle.", "4. The owning of a benefit received, accompanied with gratitude; and hence it combines the ideas of an expression of thanks. Hence, it is used also for something given or done in return for a favor.", "5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; as the acknowledgment of a deed before a proper officer.", "Acknowledgment-money, in some parts of England, is a sum paid by tenants, on the death of their landlord, as an acknowledgment of their new lords."], "acquaint": ["ACQUA'INT, v.t. Eng. can, and ken; which see.", "1. To make known; to make fully or intimately known; to make familiar.", "A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief. Isaiah 53.", "2. To inform; to communicate notice to; as a friend in the country acquaints me with his success. Of before the object, as to acquaint a man of this design, has been used, but is obsolete or improper.", "3. To acquaint one's self, is to gain an intimate or particular knowledge of.", "Acquaint now thyself with him and be at peace. Job 22."], "acquaintance": ["ACQUAI'NTANCE, n.", "1. Familiar knowledge; a state of being acquainted, or of having intimate or more than slight or superficial knowledge; as, I know the man, but have no acquaintance with him. Sometimes it denotes a more slight knowledge.", "2. A person or persons well known; usually persons we have been accustomed to see and converse with; sometimes, persons more slightly known.", "Lover and friend has thou put far from me and mine acquaintance into darkness. Ps. 88.", "My acquaintance are estranged from me. Job 19.", "Acquaintances, in the plural is used, as applied to individual persons known; but more generally, acquaintance is used for one or more.", "Acquaintant, in a like sense, is not used."], "acquainted": ["ACQUA'INTED, pp. Known; familiarly known; informed; having personal knowledge."], "acquainting": ["ACQUA'INTING, ppr. Making known to; giving notice, or information to."], "acquit": ["ACQUIT', v.t. L. cedo.", "To set free; to release or discharge from an obligation, accusation, guilt, censure, suspicion, or whatever lies upon a person as a charge or duty; as, the jury acquitted the prisoner; we acquit a man of evil intentions. It is followed by of before the object; to acquit from is obsolete. In a reciprocal sense, as, the soldier acquitted himself well in battle, the word has a like sense, implying the discharge of a duty or obligation. Hence its use in expressing excellence in performance; as the orator acquitted himself well, that is, in a manner that his situation and public expectation demanded."], "acquitment": ["ACQUIT'MENT, n. The act of acquitting, or state of being acquitted. This word is superseded by acquittal."], "acquitted": ["ACQUIT'TED, pp. Set free, or judicially discharge from an accusation; released from a debt, duty, obligation, charge, or suspicion of guilt."], "acquitting": ["ACQUIT'TING, ppr. Setting free from accusation; releasing from a charge, obligation, or suspicion of guilt."], "acre": ["ACRE, n. a'ker. Gr; Lat. ager. In these languages, the word retains its primitive sense, an open, plowed, or sowed field. In Eng. it retained its original signification, that of any open field, until it was limited to a definite quantity by statutes 31. Ed. 35 Ed 1.24. H.8", "1. A quantity of land, containing 160 square rods or perches or 4840 square yards. This is the English statute acre. The acre of Scotland contains 6150 2-5 square yards. The French arpent is nearly equal to the Scottish acre, about a fifth larger than the English. The Roman juger was 3200 square yards.", "2. In the Mogul's dominions, acre is the same as lack, or 100,00 rupees, equal to 12,500 sterling, or 5,500..", "Acre-fight, a sort of duel in the open field, formerly fought by English and Scotch combatants on their frontiers.", "Acre-tax, a tax on land in England, at a certain sum for each acre, called also acre-shot."], "acred": ["A'CRED, a. Possessing acres or landed property."], "act": ["ACT, v.i. Gr., Lat. to urge, drive, lead, bring, do, perform, or in general to move, to exert force.", "1. To exert power; as, the stomach acts upon food; the will acts upon the body in producing motion.", "2. To be in action or motion; to move", "He hangs between in doubt to act or rest.", "3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices; as, we know not why a minister has acted in this manner. But in this sense, it is most frequent in popular language; as, how the man acts or has acted.", "To act up to, is to equal in action; to fulfil or perform a correspondent action; as he has acted up to his engagement or his advantages."], "acted": ["ACT'ED, pp. Done; performed; represented on the stage."], "acting": ["ACT'ING, ppr. Doing; performing; behaving; representing the character of another.", "ACT'ING, n. Action; act of performing a part of a play."], "action": ["AC'TION, n. L. actio. See Act.", "1. Literally, a driving; hence, the state of acting or moving; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; or action is the effect of power exerted on one body by another; motion produced. Hence, action is opposed to rest. Action, when produced by one body on another, is mechanical; when produced by the will of living being, spontaneous or voluntary.", "See Def. 3.", "2. An act or thing done; a deed.", "The Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him are actions weighed. 1Sam. 2.", "3. In mechanics, agency; operation; driving impulse; effort of one body upon another; as, the action of wind upon a ship's sails. Also the effect of such action.", "4. In ethics, the external signs or expression of the sentiments of a moral agent; conduct; behavior; demeanor; that is, motion or movement, with respect to a rule or propriety.", "5. In poetry, a series of events, called also the subject or fable; this is of two kinds; the principal action which is more strictly the fable, and the incidental action or episode.", "6. In oratory, gesture or gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the accommodation of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance to the subject, or to the thoughts and feelings of the mind.", "7. In physiology, the motions or functions of the body, vital, animal and natural; vital and involuntary, as the action of the heart and lungs; animal, as muscular, and all voluntary motions; natural, as manducation, deglutition, and digestion.", "8. In law, literally, an urging for right; a suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right; a claim made before a tribunal. Actions are real, personal or mixed; real, or feudal, when the demandant claims a title to real estate; personal when a man demands a debt, personal duty, or damages in lieu of it, or satisfaction for an injury to person or property; and mixed, when real estate is demanded, with damages for a wrong sustained. Actions are also civil or penal; civil, when instituted solely in behalf of private persons, to recover debts or damages; penal, when instituted to recover a penalty, imposed by way of punishment. The word is also used for a right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim.", "A chose in action, is a right to a thing, in opposition to the possession. A bond or note is a chose in action and gives the owner a right to prosecute his claim to the money, as he has an absolute property in a right, as well as in a thing, in possession.", "9. In some countries of Europe, action is a share in the capital stock of a company, or in the public funds, equivalent to our term share; and consequently, in a more general sense, to stocks. The word is also used for movable effects.", "10. In painting and sculpture, the attitude or position of the several parts of the body, by which they seem to be actuated by passions; as, the arm extended, to represent the act of giving or receiving.", "11. Battle; fight; engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water, or by a greater or smaller number of combatants. This and the 8th definition exhibit the literal meaning of action - a driving or urging.", "Quantity of action, in physics, the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through and its velocity.", "In many cases action and act are synonymous; but some distinction between them is observable. Action seems to have more relation to the power that acts, and its operation and process of acting; and act, more relation to the effect or operation complete. Action is also more generally used for ordinary transactions; and act, for such as are remarkable, or dignified; as, all our actions should be regulated by prudence; a prince is distinguished by acts of heroism or humanity.", "Action taking, in Shakespeare, is used for litigious."], "actionable": ["AC'TIONABLE, a. That will bear a suit, or for which an action at law may be sustained; as, to call a man a thief is actionable."], "actionably": ["AC'TIONABLY, adv. In a manner that subjects to legal process."], "active": ["ACT'IVE, a. L. activus.", "1. That has the power or quality of acting; that contains the principle of action, independent of any visible external force; as, attraction is an active power: or it may be defined, that communicates action or motion, opposed to passive, that receives action; as, the active powers of the mind.", "2. Having the power of quick motion, or disposition to move with speed; nimble; lively; brisk; agile; as an active animal.", "Hence,", "3. Busy; constantly engaged in action; pursuing business with vigor and assiduity; opposed to dull, slow, or indolent; as an active officer. It is also opposed to sedentary, as an active life.", "4. Requiring action or exertion; practical; operative; producing real effects; opposed to speculative; as, the active duties of life.", "5. In grammar, active verbs are those which not only signify action, but have a noun or name following them, denoting the object of the action or impression; called also transitive, as they imply the passing of the action expressed by the verb to the object; as a professor instructs his pupils.", "6. Active capital, or wealth, is money, or property that may readily be converted into money, and used in commerce or other employment for profit.", "7. Active commerce, the commerce in which a nation carries its own productions and foreign commodities in its own ships, or which is prosecuted by its own citizens; as contradistinguished from passive commerce, in which the productions of one country are transported by the people of another country.", "The commerce of Great Britain and of the United States is active; that of China is passive.", "It may be the interest of foreign nations to deprive us, as far as possible, of an active commerce in our own bottoms."], "actively": ["ACT'IVELY, adv. in an active manner; by action; nimbly; briskly; also in an active signification, as a word is used actively."], "activeness": ["ACT'IVENESS, n. the quality of being active; the faculty of acting; nimbleness; quickness of motion; less used than activity."], "activity": ["ACTIV'ITY, n. The quality of being active; the active faculty; nimbleness; agility; also the habit of diligent and vigorous pursuit of business; as, a man of activity. It is applied to persons or things.", "Sphere of activity, is the whole space in which the virtue, power, or influence of any object, is exerted.", "To put in activity, a French phrase, for putting in action or employment."], "ad": ["AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. It is probably from Heb. Ch. Syr. Sam. Eth. and Ar. To come near, to approach; from which root we may also deduce at. In composition, the last letter is usually changed into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed. Thus for adclamo, the Romans wrote acclamo. The reason of this change is found in the ease of pronunciation, and agreeableness of the sounds.", "Ad hominem, to the man, in logic, an argument, adapted to touch the prejudices of the person addressed.", "Ad inquirendum, in law, a judicial writ commanding inquiry to be made.", "Ad libitum L. at pleasure", "Ad valorem, according to the value, in commerce and finance, terms used to denote duties or charges laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent, upon their value, as stated in their invoices; in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number."], "added": ["ADD'ED, pp. Joined in place, in sum, in mass or aggregate, in number, in idea or consideration; united; put together."], "adding": ["ADD'ING, ppr. Joining; putting together; increasing."], "adam": ["AD'AM, n. In Heb., Man; primarily, the name of the human species, mankind; appropriately, the first Man, the progenitor of the human race. The word signifies form, shape, or suitable form, hence, species. It is evidently connected with Heb., to be like or equal, to form an image, to assimilate. Whence the sense of likeness, image, form, shape; Gr., a body, like. See Man.", "Adam's apple, a species of citron See Citron also the prominent part of the throat.", "Ad'am's needle, the popular name of the yucca, a plant of four species, cultivated in gardens. Of the roots, the Indians made a kind of bread. See Yucca."], "adamant": ["AD'AMANT, n. Gr.; L. adamas; a word of Celtic origin.", "A very hard or impenetrable stone; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness. The name has often been given to the load stone; but in modern mineralogy, it has no technical signification."], "adamic": ["AD'AMIC, a. Pertaining to Adam. Adamic earth, is the term given to common red clay, so called by means of a mistaken opinion that Adam means red earth."], "adar": ["A'DAR, n. a Hebrew month, answering to the latter part of February, and the beginning of March, the 12th of the sacred and 6th of the civil year; so named to become glorious, from the exuberance of vegetation, in that month, in Egypt and Palestine."], "add": ["ADD, v.t. L. addo, from ad and do, to give.", "1. To set or put together, join or unite, as one thing or sum to another, in an agreegate; as, add three to four, the sum is seven.", "2. To unite in idea or consideration; to subjoin.", "To what has been alledged, let this argument be added.", "3. To increase number.", "Thou shalt add three cities more of refuge. Deut. 19.", "4. To augment.", "Rehoboam said, I will add to your yoke. 1Kings, 12.", "Ye shall not add to the word which I command you. Deut. 4.", "As here used, the verb is intransitive, but there may be an ellipsis.", "To add to, is used in scripture, as equivalent to give, or bestow upon. Gen. 30, Matt. 6. In Gal. 2, the word is understood to signify instruction. \"In conference they added nothing to me.\" In narration, he or they added, is elliptical; he added words, or what follows, or he continued his discourse.", "In general, when used of things, add implies a principal thing, to which a smaller is to be annexed, as a part of the whole sum, mass, or number."], "adder": ["AD'DER, n. L. natrix, a serpent.", "A venomous serpent or viper, of several species."], "addict": ["ADDICT', a. Addicted. Not much used."], "addicted": ["ADDICT'ED, pp. Devoted by customary practice."], "addicting": ["ADDICT'ING, ppr. Devoting time and attention; practicing customarily."], "addiction": ["ADDIC'TION, n.", "1. The act of devoting or giving up in practice; the state of being devoted.", "His addiction was to courses vain.", "2. Among the Romans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal sentence; also an assignment of debtors in service in their creditors."], "addition": ["ADDI'TION, n. L. additio, from addo.", "1. The act of adding, opposed to subtraction, or diminution; as, a sum is increased by addition.", "2. Any thing added, whether material or immaterial.", "3. In arithmetic, the uniting of two or more numbers in one sum; also the rule or branch of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers. Simple addition is the joining of sums of the same denomination, as pounds to pounds, dollars to dollars. Compound addition is the joining of sums of different denominations, as dollars and cents.", "4. In law, a title annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occupation or place of residence; as John Doe, Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent; Robert Dale, Mason; Thomas Way, of New York.", "5. In music, a dot at the side of a note, to lengthen its sound one half.", "6. In heraldry, something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor, opposed to abatements, as bordure, quarter, canton, gyron, pile, &c. See these terms.", "7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or liquor in a state of fermentation.", "8. In popular language, an advantage, ornament, improvement; that is, an addition by way of eminence."], "additional": ["ADDI'TIONAL, a. That is added. it is used by Bacon for addition; but improperly."], "additive": ["ADD'ITIVE, a. That may be added, or that is to be added."], "adjuration": ["ADJURA'TION, n.", "1.The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse.", "2.The form of oath."], "adjure": ["ADJU'RE, v.t. L. adjuro, to sweat solemnly, or compel one to swear; from ad and juro, to swear.", "1. To charge, bind or command on oath, or under the penalty of a curse.", "Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city of Jericho. Josh. 6.", "2. To charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath.", "I adjure thee by the living God. Mat. 26., Acts, 19.", "3. To conjure; to charge, urge or summon with solemnity.", "The magistrates adjured by all the bonds of civil duty.", "Ye sacred stars, be all of you adjured.", "The Commissioners adjured them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties."], "adjured": ["ADJU'RED, pp. Charged on oath, or with a denunciation of God's wrath; solemnly urged."], "adjurer": ["ADJU'RER, n. One that adjures; one that exacts an oath."], "adjuring": ["ADJU'RING, ppr. Charging on oath or on the penalty of a curse; beseeching with solemnity."], "administer": ["ADMIN'ISTER, v.t. L. administro, of ad and ministro, to serve or manage. See Minister.", "1. To act as minister or chief agent, in managing public affairs, under laws or a constitution of government, as a king, president, or other supreme officer. it is used also of absolute monarchs, who rule not in subordination; but is more strictly applicable to limited monarchs and other supreme executive officers, and to governors, vice-roys, judges and the like, who are under the authority of laws. A king or a president administers the government or laws, when he executes them or carries them into effect. A judge administers the laws, when he applies them to particular cases or persons. In short, to administer is to direct the execution or application of laws.", "2. To dispense, as to administer justice or the sacrament.", "3. To afford, give or furnish; as, to administer relief, that is, to act as the agent. To administer medicine is to direct and cause it to be taken.", "4. To give, as an oath; to cause to swear according to law.", "ADMIN'ISTER, v.i.", "1. To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to add something; as, a shade administers to our comfort.", "2. To perform the office of administrator; as, A administers upon the estate of B."], "administered": ["ADMIN'ISTERED, pp. Executed; managed; governed; afforded; given; dispensed."], "administering": ["ADMIN'ISTERING, ppr. Executing; carrying into effect; giving; dispensing."], "administrate": ["ADMIN'ISTRATE, In the place of administer, has been used, but is not well authorized."], "administration": ["ADMINISTRA'TION, n.", "1. The act of administering; direction; management; government of public affairs; the conducting of any office or employment.", "2. The executive part of government, consisting in the exercise of the constitutional and legal powers, the general superintendence of national affairs, and the enforcement of laws.", "3. The persons collectively, who are entrusted with the execution of laws, and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his council; or the council alone, as in Great Britain.", "4. dispensation; distribution; exhibition; as the administration of justice, of the sacrament, or of grace.", "1Cor. 12. 2Cor. 9.", "5. the management of the estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the proper authority. This management consists in collecting debts, paying debts and legacies, and distributing the property among the heirs.", "6. The power, office or commission of an administrator.", "Surrogates are authorized to grant administration.", "It is more usual to say, letters of administration.", "7. This name is given by the Spaniards, to the staple magazine or warehouse, at Callao, in Peru, where foreign ships must unload."], "administrative": ["ADMIN'ISTRATIVE, a. That administers, or by which one administers."], "administrator": ["ADMINISTRA'TOR, n.", "1. a man who, by virtue of a commission from the Ordinary, Surrogate, Court of Probate, or other proper authority, has the charge of the goods and estate of one dying without a will.", "2. One who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or dispenses laws and rites, either in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs.", "3. In Scots law, a tutor, curator or guardian, having the care of one who is incapable of acting for himself. The term is usually applied to a father who has power over his children and their estate, during their minority."], "admirable": ["AD'MIRABLE, a. L. admirabilis.", "To be admired; worthy of admiration; having qualities to excite wonder, with approbation, esteem or reverence; used of persons or things; as, the admirable structure of the body, or of the universe."], "admirableness": ["AD'MIRABLENESS, n. The quality of being admirable; the power of exciting admiration."], "admirably": ["AD'MIRABLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder, mingled with approbation, esteem or veneration."], "admiral": ["AD'MIRAL, n. In the Latin of the middle ages. Amira, Amiras, Admiralis, an Emir; Heb. to speak. The terminating syllable of admiral may be from the sea. This word is said to have been introduced in Europe by the Turks, Genoese or Venetains, in the 12th or 13th century.", "A marine commander in chief; the commander of a fleet or navy.", "1. The Lord High Admiral, in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all maritime affairs, and has the government of the navy. He has also jurisdiction over all maritime causes, and commissions the naval officers.", "2. The Admiral of the fleet, the highest officer under the admiralty. When he embarks on an expedition, the union flag is displayed at the main top gallant mast head.", "3. The Vice Admiral, an officer next in rank and command to the Admiral, has command of the second squadron. He carries his flag at the fore top gallant mast head. This name is given also to certain officers who have power to hold courts of vice-admiralty, in various parts of the British dominions.", "4. The Rear Admiral, next in rank to the Vice Admiral, has command of the third squadron, and carries his flag at the mizen top gallant mast head.", "5. The commander of any single fleet, or in general any flag officer.", "6. The ship which carries the admiral; also the most considerable ship of a fleet of merchantmen, or of fishing vessels.", "7. In zoology, a species of shell-fish. See Voluta.", "8. Also a butterfly, which lays her eggs on the great stinging nettle, and delights in brambles."], "admiration": ["ADMIRA'TION, n. Wonder mingled with pleasing emotions, as approbation, esteem, love or veneration; a compound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or excellent; applied to persons and their works. It often includes a slight degree of surprise. Thus, we view the solar system with admiration.", "Very near to admiration is the wish to admire.", "It has been sometimes used in an ill sense, denoting wonder with disapprobation.", "Your boldness I with admiration see.", "When I saw her I wondered with great admiration. Luke 18."], "admirative": ["ADMI'RATIVE, n. A note of admiration, thus! Not used."], "admire": ["ADMI'RE, v.t. L. admiror, ad and miror, to wonder; demiror. See Moor and Mar.", "1. To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence or affection.", "When he shall come to be glorified in his saints and be admired in all them that love him. 2Thes. 1.", "This word has been used in an ill sense, but seems now correctly restricted to the sense here given, and implying something great, rare or excellent, in the object admired.", "2. To regard with affection; a familiar term for to love greatly.", "ADMI'RE, v.i. To wonder; to be affected with slight surprise; sometimes with at; as, to admire at his own contrivance.", "To admire at sometimes implies disapprobation."], "admired": ["ADMI'RED, pp. Regarded with wonder, mingled with pleasurable sensations, as esteem, love or reverence."], "admirer": ["ADMI'RER, n. One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly."], "admiring": ["ADMI'RING, ppr. Regarding with wonder united with love or esteem."], "admiringly": ["ADMI'RINGLY, adv. With admiration; in the manner of an admirer."], "admonish": ["ADMON'ISH, v.t. L. admoneo, ad and moneo, to teach, warn, admonish.", "1. To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove with mildness.", "Count him not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. 2Thess. 3.", "2. To counsel against wrong practices; to caution or advise.", "Admonish one another in psalms and hymns. Col. 3.", "3. To instruct or direct.", "Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle. Heb. 8.", "4. In ecclesiastical affairs, to reprove a member of the church for a fault, either publicly or privately; the first step of church discipline. It is followed by of, or against; as, to admonish of a fault committed, or against committing a fault. It has a like use in colleges."], "admonished": ["ADMON'ISHED, pp. Reproved; advised; warned; instructed."], "admonisher": ["ADMON'ISHER, n. One who reproves or counsels."], "admonishing": ["ADMON'ISHING, ppr. Reproving; warning; counseling; directing."], "admonishment": ["ADMON'ISHMENT, n. Admonition."], "admonition": ["ADMONI'TION, n. Gentle reproof; counseling against a fault; instruction in duties; caution; direction. Tit. 3. 1Cor. 10. In church discipline, public or private reproof to reclaim an offender; a step preliminary to excommunication."], "admonitive": ["ADMON'ITIVE, a. Containing admonition."], "ado": ["ADO', n.", "Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty; as, to make a great ado about trifles; to persuade one with much ado."], "adopt": ["ADOPT', v.t. L. adopto, of ad and opto, to desire or choose. See Option.", "1. To take a stranger into one's family, as son and heir; to take one who is not a child, and treat him as one, giving him a title to the privileges and rights of a child.", "2. In a spiritual sense, to receive the sinful children of men into the invisible church, and into God's favor and protection, by which they become heirs of salvation by Christ.", "3. To take or receive as one's own, that which is not naturally so; as, to adopt the opinions of another; or to receive that which is new; as, to adopt a particular mode of husbandry.", "4. To select and take; as, which mode will you adopt?"], "adopted": ["ADOPT'ED, pp. Taken as one's own; received as son and heir; selected for use."], "adopter": ["ADOPT'ER, n.", "1. One who adopts.", "2. In chimistry, a large round receiver, with two necks, diametrically opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, or to increase the length of the neck of a retort."], "adopting": ["ADOPT'ING, ppr. Taking a stranger as a son; taking as one's own."], "adoption": ["ADOP'TION, n. L. adoptio.", "1. The act of adopting, or the state of being adopted; the taking and treating of a stranger as one's own child.", "2. The receiving as one's own, what is new or not natural.", "3. God's taking the sinful children of men into his favor and protection.", "Adoption of arms, an ancient ceremony of presenting arms to one for his merit or valor, which laid the person under an obligation to defend the giver.", "Adoption by baptism is the spiritual affinity which is contracted by god-fathers and god-children, in the ceremony of baptism. It was introduced into the Greek church, and afterwards among the ancient Franks. This affinity was supposed to entitle the god-child to a share of the god-father's estate.", "Adoption by hair was performed by cutting off the hair of a person and giving it to the adoptive father. Thus Pope John VIII adopted Boson, king of Arles.", "Adoption by matrimony is the taking the children of a wife or husband, by a former marriage, into the condition of natural children. This is a practice peculiar to the Germans; but is not so properly adoption as adfiliation.", "Adoption by testament is the appointing of a person to be heir, by will, or condition of his taking the name, arms, &c. of the adopter.", "In Europe, adoption is used for many kinds of admission to a more intimate relation, and is nearly equivalent to reception; as, the admission of persons into hospitals, or monasteries, or of one society into another."], "adoptive": ["ADOPT'IVE, a. L. adoptivus.", "That adopts, as an adoptive father; or that is adopted, as an adoptive son.", "ADOPT'IVE, n. A person or thing adopted."], "adorn": ["ADORN', v.t. L. adorno, ad and orno, to deck, or beautify, to dress, set off, extol, furnish.", "1. To deck or decorate; to make beautiful; to add to beauty by dress; to deck with external ornaments.", "A bride adorneth, herself with jewels. Isa. 6.", "To set off to advantage; to add ornaments to; to embellish by any thing external or adventitious; as, to adorn a speech by appropriate action, sentiments with elegance of language, or a gallery with pictures.", "3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing; as, great abilities adorned by virtue or affability.", "4. To display the beauty or excellence of; as, to adorn the doctrine of God. Titus 2.", "ADORN', n. Ornament. Obs.", "ADORN', a. Adorned; decorated. Obs."], "adorned": ["ADORN'ED, pp. Decked; decorated; embellished."], "adorning": ["ADORN'ING, ppr. Ornamenting; decorating; displaying beauty.", "ADORN'ING, n. Ornament; decoration. 1Peter 3."], "adulterant": ["ADUL'TERANT, n. The person or thing that adulterates."], "adulterate": ["ADUL'TERATE, v.t. L. adultero, from adulter, mixed, or an adulterer; ad and alter, other.", "To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of baser materials; as, to adulterate liquors, or the coin of a country.", "ADUL'TERATE, v.i. To commit adultery. Obs.", "ADUL'TERATE, a. Tainted with adultery; debased by foreign mixture."], "adulterated": ["ADUL'TERATED, pp. Corrupted; debased by a mixture with something of less value."], "adulterateness": ["ADUL'TERATENESS, n. The quality or state of being debased or counterfeit."], "adulterating": ["ADUL'TERATING, ppr. Debasing; corrupting; counterfeiting."], "adulteration": ["ADULTERA'TION, n. The act of adulterating, or the state of being adulterated, corrupted or debased by foreign mixture.", "The adulteration of liquors, of drugs, and even of bread and beer, is common, but a scandalous crime."], "adulterer": ["ADUL'TERER, n. L. adulter.", "1. A man guilty of adultery; a man who has sexual commerce with any married woman, except his wife. See Adultery.", "2. In scripture, an idolator. Ezek. 23.", "3. An apostate from the true faith, or one who violates his covenant engagements; a very wicked person. Jer. 9 and 23.", "4. One devoted to earthly things. James, 4."], "adulterous": ["ADUL'TEROUS, a.", "1. Guilty of adultery; pertaining to adultery.", "2. In scripture, idolatrous, very wicked. Mat. 12 and 16. Mark, 8."], "adulteress": ["ADUL'TERESS, n. A married woman guilty of incontinence."], "adultery": ["ADUL'TERY, n. L. adulterium. See Adulterate.", "1. Violation of the marriage bed; a crime, or a civil injury, which introduces, or may introduce, into a family, a spurious offspring.", "By the laws of Connecticut, the sexual intercourse of any man, with a married woman, is the crime of adultery in both: such intercourse of a married man, with an unmarried woman, is fornication in both, and adultery of the man, within the meaning of the law respecting divorce; but not a felonious adultery in either, or the crime of adultery at common law, or by statute. This latter offense is, in England, proceeded with only in the ecclesiastical courts.", "In common usage, adultery means the unfaithfulness of any married person to the marriage bed. In England, Parliament grant absolute divorces for infidelity to the marriage bed in either party; and the spiritual courts divorce a mensa et thoro.", "2. In a scriptural sense, all manner of lewdness or unchastity, as in the seventh commandment.", "3. In scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true God. Jer. 3.", "4. In old laws, the fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.", "5. In ecclesiastical affairs, the intrusion of a person into a bishopric, during the life of the bishop.", "6. Among ancient naturalists, the grafting of trees was called adultery, being considered as an unnatural union."], "advance": ["ADV'ANCE, v.t. adv'ans. Heb. surface, face; whence.", "1. To bring forward; to move further in front. Hence,", "2. To promote; to raise to a higher rank; as, to advance one from the bar to the bench.", "3. To improve or make better, which is considered as a progression or moving forward; as, to advance one's true interests.", "4. To forward; to accelerate growth; as, to advance the growth of plants.", "5. To offer or propose; to bring to view or notice; as, to advance an opinion or an argument.", "6. In commerce, to supply beforehand; to furnish on credit, or before goods are delivered, or work done; or to furnish as a part of a stock or fund; as, to advance money on loan or contract, or towards a purchase or establishment.", "7. To furnish for others; to supply or pay for others, in expectation of reimbursement.", "They advanced the money out of their own funds, and took the sheriff's deeds in their own name.", "8. To raise; to enhance; as, to advance the price of goods.", "ADV'ANCE, v.i.", "1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, the troops advanced.", "2. To improve, or make progress; to grow better, greater, wiser or older; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in wisdom, or in years.", "3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred, or promoted; as, to advance in political standing."], "advanced": ["ADV'ANCED, pp. Moved forward; promoted; improved; furnished beforehand; situated in front, or before the rest; also old, having reached the decline of life; as, advanced in years; an advanced age."], "advancement": ["ADV'ANCEMENT, n.", "1. The act of moving forward or proceeding.", "2. The state of being advanced; preferment; promotion, in rank or excellence; the act of promoting.", "3. Settlement on a wife, or jointure.", "4. Provision made by a parent for a child, by gift of property, during his, the parent's life, to which the child would be entitled as heir, after his parent's death."], "advancer": ["ADV'ANCER, n. One who advances; a promoter.", "Among sportsmen, a start or branch of a buck's attire, between the back antler and the palm."], "advancing": ["ADV'ANCING, ppr. Moving forward; proceeding; promoting; raising to higher rank or excellence; improving; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in trade."], "advancive": ["ADV'ANCIVE, a. Tending to advance, or promote."], "advantage": ["ADV'ANTAGE, n.", "1. Any state, condition, or circumstance, favorable to success, prosperity, interest, or reputation.", "The enemy had the advantage of elevated ground.", "2. Benefit; gain; profit.", "What advantage will it be to thee? Job 35.", "There exists, in the economy and course of nature, an indissoluble union between virtue and happiness; between duty and advantage.", "3. Means to an end; opportunity; convenience for obtaining benefit; as, student enjoy great advantages for improvement.", "The General took advantage of his enemy's negligence.", "4. Favorable state or circumstances; as, jewels set to advantage.", "5. Superiority, or prevalence over; with of or over.", "Lest Satan should get an advantage of us, (or over us.) 2Cor. 2.", "6. Superiority, or that which gives it; as, the advantage of a good constitution.", "7. Interest; increase; overplus.", "And with advantage means to pay thy love. Obs.", "8. Additional circumstance to give preponderation.", "ADV'ANTAGE, v.t.", "1. To benefit; as to yield profit or gain.", "What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? Luke 9.", "2. To promote; to advance the interest of."], "advantageable": ["ADV'ANTAGEABLE, a. Profitable; convenient; gainful. Little used."], "advantaged": ["ADV'ANTAGED, pp. Benefitted; promoted."], "advantageous": ["ADVANTA'GEOUS, a. Being of advantage; furnishing convenience, or opportunity to gain benefit; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position of the troops; trade is advantageous to a nation."], "advantageously": ["ADVANTA'GEOUSLY, adv. In an advantageous manner; profitably; usefully; conveniently."], "advantageousness": ["ADVANTA'GEOUSNESS, n. The quality or state of being advantageous; profitableness; usefulness; convenience."], "advantaging": ["ADV'ANTAGING, ppr. Profiting; benefiting."], "adventure": ["ADVENT'URE, n. See Advent.", "1. Hazard; risk; chance; that of which one has no direction; as, at all adventures, that is, at all hazards. See Venture.", "2. An enterprize of hazard; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events.", "3. That which is put to hazard; a sense in popular use with seamen, and usually pronounced venture. Something which a seaman is permitted to carry abroad, with a view to sell for profit.", "A bill of adventure, is a writing signed by a person, who takes goods on board of his ship, wholly at the risk of the owner.", "ADVENT'URE, v.t. To risk, or hazard; to put in the power of unforeseen events; as, to adventure one's life. See Venture."], "adventured": ["ADVENT'URED, pp. Put to hazard; ventured; risked."], "adventurer": ["ADVENT'URER, n.", "1. One who hazards, or puts something at risk, as merchant-adventurers.", "2. One who seeks occasions of chance, or attempts bold, novel, or extraordinary enterprizes."], "adventuring": ["ADVENT'URING, ppr. Putting to risk; hazarding."], "adventurous": ["ADVENT'UROUS, a.", "1. Inclined or willing to incur hazard; bold to encounter danger; daring; courageous; enterprizing; applied to persons.", "2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage\" applied to things; as, an adventurous undertaking.", "And followed freedom on the adventurous tide."], "adventurously": ["ADVENT'UROUSLY, adv. Boldly; daringly; in a manner to incur hazard."], "adventurousness": ["ADVENT'UROUSNESS, n. The act or quality of being adventurous."], "adversary": ["AD'VERSARY, n. See Adverse.", "1. An enemy or foe; one who has enmity at heart.", "The Lord shall take vengeance on his adversaries. Nah. 1.", "In scripture, Satan is called THE adversary, by way of eminence. 1Peter 5.", "2. An opponent or antagonist, as in a suit at law, or in single combat; an opposing litigant.", "AD'VERSARY, a. Opposed; opposite to; adverse. In law, having an opposing party, as an adversary suit; in distinction from an application, in law or equity, to which no opposition is made."], "adversative": ["ADVERS'ATIVE, a. Noting some difference, contrariety, or opposition; as, John is an honest man, but a fanatic. Here but is called an adversative conjunction. This denomination however is not always correct; for but does not always denote opposition, but something additional.", "ADVERS'ATIVE, n. A word denoting contrariety or opposition."], "adverse": ["AD'VERSE, a. L. adversus, opposite; of ad and versus, turned; from verto, to turn. See Advert. This word was formerly accented, by some authors, on the last syllable; but the accent is now settled on the first.", "1. Opposite; opposing; acting in a contrary direction; conflicting; counteracting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party.", "2. Figuratively, opposing desire; contrary to the wishes, or to supposed good; hence, unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; pernicious, unprosperous; as, adverse fate or circumstances."], "adversely": ["AD'VERSELY, adv. In an adverse manner; oppositely; unfortunately; unprosperously; in a manner contrary to desire or success."], "adverseness": ["AD'VERSENESS, n. Opposition; unprosperousness."], "adversity": ["ADVERS'ITY, n. An event, or series of events, which oppose success or desire; misfortune; calamity; affliction; distress; state of unhappiness.", "In the day of adversity, consider. Eccl. 7.", "Ye have rejected God, who saved you out of all you adversities. 1Sam. 10."], "advertise": ["ADVERTI'SE, v.t. s as z. See Advert.", "1. To inform; to give notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or present event, or of something future.", "I will advertise thee what this people will do to thy people in the latter day. Num. 24.", "I thought to advertise thee, saying; buy it before the inhabitants and elders of my people. Ruth 4.", "In this sense, it has of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his losses.", "2. To publish a notice of; to publish a written or printed account of; as, to advertise goods or a farm."], "advertised": ["ADVERTI'SED, pp. Informed; notified; warned; used of persons: published; made known; used of things."], "advertisement": ["ADVER'TISEMENT, n. Information; admonition, notice given. More generally, a publication intended to give notice; this may be, by a short account printed in a newspaper, or by a written account posted, or otherwise made public."], "advertiser": ["ADVERTI'SER, n. One who advertises. This title is often given to public prints."], "advertising": ["ADVERTI'SING, ppr.", "1. Informing; giving notice; publishing notice.", "2. a. Furnishing advertisements; as, advertising customers.", "3. In the sense of monitory, or active in giving intelligence, as used by Shakespeare. Not now used."], "advice": ["ADVI'CE, n. L. viso, to see, to visit.", "1. Counsel; an opinion recommended, or offered, as worthy to be followed.", "What advice give ye? 2Ch. 10.", "With good advice make war. Prov. 20.", "We may give advice, but we cannot give conduct.", "2. Prudence; deliberate consideration.", "3. Information; notice; intelligence; as, we have late advices from France.", "To take advice, is to consult with others."], "advisable": ["ADVI'SABLE, a. See Advise.", "1. Proper to be advised; prudent; expedient; proper to be done or practiced.", "It is not advisable to proceed, at this time, to a choice of officers.", "2. Open to advice."], "advisableness": ["ADVI'SABLENESS, n. The quality of being advisable or expedient."], "advise": ["ADVI'SE, v.t. s as z. See Advice.", "1. To give counsel to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; as, I advise you to be cautious of speculation.", "2. To give information; to communicate notice; to make acquainted with; followed by of, before the thing communicated; as, the merchants were advised of the risk.", "3. To deliberate, consider, or consult.", "Advise thyself of what word I shall bring again to him that sent me. 1Ch. 21.", "But in this sense, it is usually intransitive.", "ADVI'SE, v.i. To deliberate, weigh well, or consider.", "Advise and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me. 2Sam. 24.", "To advise with is to consult for the purpose of taking the opinions of others."], "advised": ["ADVI'SED, pp.", "1. Informed; counseled; also cautious; prudent; acting with deliberation.", "Let him be advised in his answers.", "With the well advised is wisdom. Prov. 13.", "2. Done, formed, or taken with advice or deliberation; intended; as, an advised act or scheme."], "advisement": ["ADVI'SEMENT, n.", "1. Counsel; information; circumspection.", "2. Consultation.", "The action standing continued nisi for advisement."], "adviser": ["ADVI'SER, n. One who gives advice or admonition; also, in a bad sense, one who instigates or persuades."], "advising": ["ADVI'SING, ppr. Giving counsel."], "advocate": ["AD'VOCATE, n. L. advocatus, from advoco, to call for, to plead for; of ad and voco, to call. See Vocal.", "1. Advocate, in its primary sense, signifies, one who pleads the cause of another in a court of civil law. Hence,", "2. One who pleads the cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court, as a barrister in the English courts. We say, a man is a learned lawyer and an able advocate.", "In Europe, advocates have different titles, according to their particular duties.", "Consistorial advocates, in Rome, appear before the Consistory, in opposition to the disposal of benefices.", "Elective advocates are chosen by a bishop, abbot, or chapter, with license from the prince.", "Feudal advocates were of a military kind, and to attach them to the church, had grants of land, with power to lead the vassals of the church war.", "Fiscal advocates, in ancient Rome, defended causes in which the public revenue was concerned.", "Juridical advocates became judges, in consequence of their attending causes in the earl's court.", "Matricular advocates defended the cathedral churches.", "Military advocates were employed by the church to defend it by arms, when force gave law to Europe.", "Some advocates were called nominative, from their being nominated by the pope or king; some regular, from their being qualified by a proper course of study. Some were supreme; others, subordinate.", "Advocate, in the German polity, is a magistrate, appointed in the emperor's name, to administer justice.", "Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of eminent lawyers, who practice in the highest courts, and who are admitted members only upon the severest examination, at three different times. It consists of about two hundred members, and from this body are vacancies on the bench usually supplied.", "Lord advocate, in Scotland, the principal crown lawyer, or prosecutor of crimes.", "Judge advocate, in courts martial, a person who manages the prosecution.", "In English and American courts, advocates are the same as counsel, or counselors. In England,they are of two degrees, barristers and serjeants; the former, being apprentices or learners, cannot, by ancient custom, be admitted serjeants, till of sixteen years standing.", "3. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by argument; one who is friendly to; as, an advocate for peace, or for the oppressed.", "In scripture, Christ is called an advocate for his people.", "We have an advocate with the father. 1John, 2.", "AD'VOCATE, v.t. To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal; to support or vindicate.", "Those who advocate a discrimination.", "The Duke of York advocated the amendment.", "The Earl of Buckingham advocated the original resolution.", "The idea of a legislature, consisting of a single branch, though advocated by some, was generally reprobated.", "How little claim persons, who advocate this sentiment, really posses to be considered calvinists, will appear from the following quotation.", "The most eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause.", "A part only of the body, whose cause be advocates, coincide with him in judgment."], "advocated": ["AD'VOCATED, pp. Defended by argument; vindicated."], "advocating": ["AD'VOCATING, ppr. Supporting by reasons; defending; maintaining."], "advocation": ["ADVOCA'TION, n. A pleading for: plea; apology.", "A bill of advocation, in Scotland, is a written application to a superior court, to call an action before them from an inferior court. The order of the superior court for this purpose is called a letter of advocation."], "afar": ["AF'AR, adv. a and far. See Far.", "1. At a distance in place; to or from a distance; used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off.", "2. In scripture, figuratively, estranged in affection; alienated.", "My kinsmen stand afar off. Ps. 38.", "3. Absent; not assisting.", "Why standest thou afar off, O Lord? Ps. 10", "4. Not of the visible church. Eph. 2."], "affair": ["AFFA'IR, n. L. facere. The primary sense of facio is to urge, drive, impel.", "1. Business of any kind; that which is done, or is to be done; a word of very indefinite and undefinable signification. In the plural, it denotes transactions in general; as human affairs; political or ecclesiastical affairs: also the business or concerns of an individual; as, his affairs are embarrassed.", "2. Matters; state; condition of business or concerns.", "I have sent that ye may know our affairs. Eph. 6.", "3. In the singular, it is used for a private dispute, or duel; as, an affair of honor; and sometimes a partial engagement of troops.", "In the phrase, at the head of affairs, the word means, the public concerns of executing the laws and administering the government."], "affect": ["AFFECT', v.t. L. afficio, affectum, of ad and facio, to make; affecto, to desire, from the same room. Affect is to make to, or upon to press upon.", "1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon; as, cold affects the body; loss affects our interests.", "2. To act upon, or move the passions; as, affected with grief.", "3. To aim at; aspire to; desire or entertain pretension to; as, to affect imperial sway. See the etymology of Affair.", "4. To tend to by natural affinity or disposition; as, the drops of a fluid affect a spherical form.", "5. To love, or regard with fondness.", "Think not that wars we love and strife affect.", "This sense is closely allied to the third.", "6. To make a show of; to attempt to imitate, in a manner not natural; to study the appearance of what is not natural, or real; as, to affect to be grave; affected friendship.", "It seems to have been used formerly for convict or attaint, as in Ayliffe's Parergon; but this sense is not now in use."], "affectation": ["AFFECTA'TION, n. L. affectatio.", "1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false pretense; artificial appearance, or show; as, an affectation of wit, or of virtue.", "2. Fondness; affection. Not used."], "affected": ["AFFECT'ED, pp.", "1. Impressed; moved, or touched, either in person or in interest; having suffered some change by external force, loss, danger, and the like; as, we are more or less affected by the failure of the bank.", "2. Touched in the feelings; having the feelings excited; as, affected with cold or heat.", "3. Having the passions moved; as, affected with sorrow or joy.", "4. a. Inclined, or disposed; followed by to; as, well affected to government.", "5. a. Given to false show; assuming, or pretending to possess what is not natural or real; as, an affected lady.", "6. a. Assumed artificially; not natural; as, affected airs."], "affecter": ["AFFECT'ER, n. One that affects; one that practices affectation."], "affecting": ["AFFECT'ING, ppr.", "1. Impressing; having an effect on; touching the feelings; moving the passions; attempting a false show; greatly desiring; aspiring to possess.", "2. a. Having power to excite, or move the passions; tending to move the affections; pathetic; as, an affecting address.", "The most affecting music is generally the most simple."], "affectingly": ["AFFECT'INGLY, adv. In an affecting manner; in a manner to excite emotions."], "affection": ["AFFEC'TION, n.", "1. The state of being affected. Little used.", "2. Passion; but more generally,", "3. A bent of mind towards a particular object, holding a middle place between disposition, which is natural, and passion, which is excited by the presence of its exciting object. Affection is a permanent bent of the mind, formed by the presence of an object, or by some act of another person, and existing without the presence of its object.", "4. In a more particular sense, a settle good will, love or zealous attachment; as, the affection of a parent for his child. It was formerly followed by to or towards, but is now more generally followed by far.", "5. Desire; inclination; propensity, good or evil; as, virtuous or vile affections. Rom. 1. Gal. 5.", "6. In a general sense, an attribute, quality or property, which is inseparable from its object; as, love, fear and hope are affections of the mind; figure, weight, &c., are affections of bodies.", "7. Among physicians, a disease, or any particular morbid state of the body; as, a gouty affection; hysteric affection.", "8. In painting, a lively representation of passion.", "Shakespeare uses the word for affectation; but this use is not legitimate."], "affectioned": ["AFFEC'TIONED, a.", "1. Disposed; having an affection of heart.", "Be ye kindly affectioned one to another. Rom 12.", "2. Affected; conceited. Obs."], "affective": ["AFFECT'IVE, a. That affects, or excites emotion; suited to affect. Little used."], "affectively": ["AFFECT'IVELY, adv. In an affective or impressive manner."], "affectionate": ["AFFEC'TIONATE, a.", "1. Having great love, or affection; fond; as, an affectionate brother.", "2. Warm in affection; zealous.", "Man, in his love to God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate.", "3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; benevolent; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; an affectionate countenance.", "4. Inclined to; warmly attached. Little used."], "affectionately": ["AFFEC'TIONATELY, adv. With affection; fondly; tenderly; kindly. 1Thes. 2."], "affectionateness": ["AFFEC'TIONATENESS, n. Fondness; goodwill; affection."], "affinity": ["AFFIN'ITY, n. L. affinitas, from affinis, adjacent, related by marriage; ad and finis, end.", "1. The relation contracted by marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred, and between a wife and her husband's kindred; in contradistinction from consanguinity or relation by blood.", "Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1Kings 3.", "2. Agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages.", "3. In chimistry, attraction; elective attraction, or that tendency which different species of matter have to unite, and combine with certain other bodies, and the power that disposes them to continue in combination There are two kinds of affinity.", "1. Affinity of aggregation, which is the power that causes two homogeneous bodies to tend towards each other, unite and cohere, as two drops of water, which unite in one.", "2. Affinity of composition, which is the tendency of bodies of different kinds to unite and form new combinations of bodies with different properties. Such is the affinity which unites acids and alkalies, the results of which combination are neutral salts.", "The operations of this principle are various. When heterogeneous bodies have mutually an equal attraction, it is called compound affinity. When one substance decomposes a combination of others, unites with one of them and precipitates the other, the power is called the affinity of decomposition. When bodies will not unite, but by means of a third, which enables them to combine, this is affinity by means of a medium.", "Double affinity is when by means of four bodies, two decompositions and two new combinations are effected."], "affirm": ["AFFIRM, v.t. afferm' L. affirmo; ad and firmo, to make firm. See Firm.", "1. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to declare the existence of something; to maintain as true; opposed to deny.", "Of one Jesus whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts 25.", "2. To make firm; to establish, confirm or ratify; as, the Supreme court affirmed the judgment."], "affirmable": ["AFFIRM'ABLE, a. That may be asserted or declared; followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man."], "affirmance": ["AFFIRM'ANCE, n.", "1. Confirmation; ratification; as, the affirmance of a judgment; a statute in affirmance of common law.", "2. Declaration; affirmation. Little used."], "affirmant": ["AFFIRM'ANT, n. One who affirms."], "affirmation": ["AFFIRMA'TION, n.", "1. The act of affirming or asserting as true; opposed to negation or denial.", "2. That which is asserted; position declared as true; averment.", "3. Confirmation; ratification; an establishing of what had been before done or decreed.", "4. A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath; which affirmation is in law equivalent to testimony given under oath."], "affirmative": ["AFFIRM'ATIVE, a.", "1. That affirms, or asserts; declaratory of what exists; opposed to negative; as, an affirmative proposition.", "2. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.", "3. In algebra, positive; a term applied to numbers which have the sign + plus, denoting addition, and opposed to negative, or such as have the sign - minus, denoting subtraction.", "4. Positive; dogmatic. Obs.", "AFFIRM'ATIVE, n. That side of a question which affirms or maintains; opposed to negative; as, there were seventy votes in the affirmative, and thirty-five in the negative."], "affirmatively": ["AFFIRM'ATIVELY, adv. In an affirmative manner; positively; on the affirmative side of a question; opposed to negatively."], "affirmed": ["AFFIRM'ED, pp. Declared; asserted; averred; confirmed; ratified."], "affirmer": ["AFFIRM'ER, n. One who affirms."], "affirming": ["AFFIRM'ING, ppr. Asserting; declaring positively; confirming."], "afflict": ["AFFLICT', v.t. L. affligo, afflicto, of ad and figo, to strike; eng. flog; Gr. to strike;, L. plaga, a stroke. Hence, eng. flail, g being suppressed; L. flagellum. See Flog.", "1. To give to the body or mind pain which is continued or of some permanence; to grieve, or distress; as, one is afflicted with the gout, or with melancholy, or with losses and misfortunes.", "They affect thy heritage, O Lord. Ps. 95.", "2. To trouble; to harass; to distress."], "afflicted": ["AFFLICT'ED, pp. Affected with continued or often repeated pain, either of body or mind; suffering grief or distress, of any kind; followed by at, by or with; as, afflicted at the loss of a child, by the rheumatism, or with losses."], "afflicter": ["AFFLICT'ER, n. One who afflicts, or causes pain of body or of mind."], "afflicting": ["AFFLICT'ING, ppr. Causing continued or durable pain of body or mind; grieving; distressing.", "AFFLICT'ING, a. Grievous; distressing; as, an afflicting event."], "affliction": ["AFFLIC'TION, n.", "1. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.", "Some virtues are seen only in affliction.", "2. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, calamity, adversity, persecution.", "Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Ps. 34."], "afflictive": ["AFFLICT'IVE, a. Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; painful; distressing."], "afflictively": ["AFFLICT'IVELY, adv. In a manner to give pain or grief."], "afford": ["AFFO'RD, v.t. ad and the root of forth, further. The sense is to send forth. But I have not found this precise word in the exact sense of the English, in any other language.", "1. To yield or produce as fruit, profit, issues, or result. Thus, the earth affords grain; a well affords water; trade affords profit; distilled liquors afford spirit.", "2. To yield, grant or confer; as, a good life affords consolation in old age.", "3. To be able to grant or sell with profit or without loss; as, A can afford wine at a less price than B.", "4. To be able to expend without injury to one's estate; as, a man can afford a sum yearly in charity; or be able to bear expenses, or the price of the thing purchased; as, one man can afford to buy a farm, which another cannot.", "5. To be able without loss or with profit.", "The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits."], "afforded": ["AFFO'RDED, pp. Yielded as fruit, produce or result; sold without loss or with profit."], "affording": ["AFFO'RDING, ppr. Yielding; producing; selling without loss; bearing expenses."], "affright": ["AFFRI'GHT, v.t. affri'te. See Fright.", "To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to terrify or alarm. It expresses a stronger impression than fear or apprehend, and perhaps less than terror.", "AFFRI'GHT, n. Sudden or great fear; terror; also, the cause of terror; a frightful object."], "affrighted": ["AFFRI'GHTED, pp. Suddenly alarmed with fear; terrified; followed by at or with, more generally by at; as, affrighted at the cry of fire."], "affrighter": ["AFFRI'GHTER, n. One who frightens."], "affrightful": ["AFFRI'GHTFUL, a. Terrifying; terrible; that may excite great fear; dreadful."], "affrighting": ["AFFRI'GHTING, ppr. Impressing sudden fear; terrifying."], "affrightment": ["AFFRI'GHTMENT, n. Affright; terror; the state of being frightened. Rarely used. In common discourse, the use of this word, in all its forms, is superseded by fright, frighted, frightful."], "afoot": ["AFOOT', adv. a or on and foot.", "1. On foot; borne by the feet; opposed to riding.", "2. In action; in a state of being planned for execution; as, a design is afoot, or on foot."], "afore": ["AFO'RE, adv. or prep. a and fore.", "1. In front.", "2. Between one object and another, so as to intercept a direct view or intercourse; as, to stand between a person and the light of a candle - a popular use of the word.", "3. Prior in time; before; anterior; prior time being considered as in front of subsequent time.", "The grass which withereth afore it groweth up. Ps. 129.", "In all these senses it is now inelegant, and superseded by before.", "4. In seaman's language, toward the head of the ship; further forward, or nearer the stem; as, afore the windlas. Afore the mast, is a phrase which is applied to a common sailor, one who does duty on the main deck, or has no office on board the ship."], "aforehand": ["AFO'REHAND, adv. afore and hand.", "1. In time previous; by previous provision; as, he is ready aforehand.", "She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark 14.", "2. a. Prepared; previously provided; as, to be aforehand in business. Hence in popular language, amply provided; well supplied with the means of living; having means beyond the requirements of necessity; moderately wealthy. The word is popularly changed into aforehanded, beforehanded, or rather forehanded; as, a forehanded farmer."], "aforetime": ["AFO'RETIME, adv. afore and time. In time past; in a former time."], "afraid": ["AFRA'ID, a. The participle of affray.", "Impressed with fear or apprehension; fearful. This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear; as, to be afraid of death.", "Joseph was afraid to sin against God."], "afresh": ["AFRESH', adv. a and fresh. Anew; again; recently; after intermission.", "They crucify the son of God afresh. Heb. 6."], "after": ["'AFTER, a. The comparative degree of aft. But is some Teutonic dialects it is written with g.", "1. In marine language, more aft, or towards the stern of the ship; as, the after sails; after hatchway.", "2. In common language, later in time; as, an after period of life.", "In this sense, the word is often combined with the following noun; as in afternoon.", "'AFTER, prep.", "1. Behind in place; as, men placed in a line one after another.", "2. Later in time; as, after supper. This word often precedes a sentence, as a governing preposition.", "After I have arisen, I will go before you into Galilee. Math. 26.", "3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind, following; in search of.", "After whom is the king of Israel come out? 1Sam. 24.", "Ye shall not go after other Gods. Deut. 6.", "4. In imitation of; as, to make a thing after a model.", "5. According to; as, consider a thing after its intrinsic value.", "6. According to the direction and influence of.", "To walk after the flesh; to live after the flesh. Rom. 8.", "To judge after the sight of the eye. Is. 11.", "To inquire after is to seek by asking; to ask concerning.", "To follow after, in scripture, is to pursue, or imitate; to serve, or worship."], "afterward": ["'AFTERWARD, or 'AFTERWARDS, adv. See Ward. In later or subsequent time."], "afterwards": ["'AFTERWARD, or 'AFTERWARDS, adv. See Ward. In later or subsequent time."], "again": ["AGAIN, adv. agen'. L. con, whence contra;", "1. A second time; once more.", "I will not again curse the ground. Gen 8.", "2. It notes something further, or additional to one or more particulars.", "For to which of the angels said he at any time, thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee? and again, I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son? and again, let all the angels of God worship him. Heb. 1.", "All the uses of this word carry in them the ideas of return or repetition; as in these phrases; give it back again; give him as much again, that is, the same quantity once more or repeated.", "There is not, in the world again, such a commerce as in London.", "Who art thou that answerest again?", "Bring us word again.", "Again and again, often; with frequent repetition."], "against": ["AGAINST, prep. agenst'.", "1. In opposition; noting enmity or disapprobation.", "His hand will be against every man. Gen. 16.", "I am against your pillows. Ez. 8.", "2. In opposition, noting contrariety, contradiction, or repugnance; as, a decree against law, reason or public opinion.", "3. In opposition, noting competition, or different sides or parties; as, there are twenty votes in the affirmative against ten in the negative.", "4. In an opposite direction; as, to ride against the wind.", "5. Opposite in place; abreast; as, a ship is against the mouth of a river. In this sense it is often preceded by over.", "Aaron lighted the lamps over against the candlesticks.", "Num. 8.", "6. In opposition, noting adversity, injury, or contrariety to wishes; as, this change of measures is against us.", "7. Bearing upon; as, one leans against a wall.", "8. In provision for; in preparation for.", "Urijah made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus.", "2Kings, 16.", "In this sense against is a preposition, with the following part of the sentence for an object. See After, prep. def. 2.", "In short, the sense of this word is opposition, variously modified according to its application to different objects."], "agaric": ["AG'ARIC, n. Gr.", "In botany, mushroom, a genus of funguses, containing numerous species. Mushrooms grow on trees, or spring from the earth; of the latter species some are valued as articles of food; others are poisonous. The name was originally given to a fungus growing on the larch. This species is now frequent in the shops, and distinguished by the name of female agaric. From this fungus is extracted a turpentine, of which three fourths of its weight is a resinous substance; the rest, a slimy, mucilaginous, earthy matter, tenacious and almost insoluble in water. It is used in dyeing, but is little esteemed in medicine.", "The Agaric of the oak is called touch-wood, from its readiness to take fire.", "Agaric mineral, a calcarious earth, or carbonate of lime, resembling a fungus in color and texture; found in fissures of rocks, and on the roofs of caverns. It is sometimes used as an astringent in fluxes, and a styptic in hemorrhages. It occurs in a loose semi-indurated form, white or whitish red, or yellow, light and friable. Kirwan mentions three varieties."], "agate": ["AGA'TE, adv. a and gate. On the way; going. Obs."], "agatized": ["AG'ATIZED, a. Having the colored lines and figures of agate.", "Agatized wood, a substance apparently produced by the petrifaction of wood; a species of hornstone."], "age": ["AGE, n. L. aetas,or aevum. But these are undoubtedly contracted words.", "1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; as, the usual age of man is seventy years; the age of a horse may be twenty or thirty years; the age of a tree may be four hundred years.", "2. That part of the duration of a being, which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth?", "Jesus began to be about thirty years of age. Luke 3.", "3. The latter part of life, or long continued duration; oldness.", "The eyes of Israel were dim for age. Gen 48.", "4. A certain period of human life, marked by a difference of state; as, life is divided into four stages or ages, infancy, youth, manhood, and old age; the age of youth; the age of manhood.", "5. The period when a person is enabled by law to do certain acts for himself, or when he ceases to be controlled by parents or guardians; as, in our country, both males and females are of age in twenty-one years old.", "6. Mature years; ripeness of strength or discretion.", "He is of age, as him. John 9.", "7. The time of life for conceiving children, or perhaps the usual time of such an event.", "Sarah was delivered of a son when she was past age.", "Heb. 11.", "8. A particular period of time, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of iron, the age of heroes or of chivalry.", "9. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation and a succession of generations; as, ages yet unborn.", "The mystery hid from ages. Col. 1.", "10. A century; the period of one hundred years."], "aged": ["A'GED, a.", "1. Old; having lived long; having lived almost the usual time allotted to that species of being; applied to animals or plants; as, an aged man, or an aged oak.", "2. Having a certain age; having lived; as, a man aged forty years.", "A'GED, n. Old persons.", "And the aged arose and stood up. Job 29."], "ago": ["AGO', adv. or a. See Go. Past; gone; as a year ago."], "agoing": ["AGO'ING, The participle of go, with the prefix a.", "In motion, as to set a mill agoing; or about to go; ready to go; as, he is agoing immediately. The latter use is vulgar."], "agon": ["A'GON, n. Gr. The contest for the prize. Not used."], "agone": ["AGONE, pp. agawn;, See ago and Gone. Ago; past; since.", "Nearly Obs."], "agonism": ["AG'ONISM, n. Gr. Contention for a prize."], "agonize": ["AG'ONIZE, v.t. Gr. to strive. See Agony.", "To write with extreme pain; to suffer violent anguish.", "To smart and agonize at every pore.", "AG'ONIZE, v.t. To distress with extreme pain; to torture."], "agonizing": ["AG'ONIZING, ppr. Suffering severe pain; writhing with torture."], "agonizingly": ["AG'ONIZINGLY, adv. With extreme anguish."], "agony": ["AG'ONY, n. Gr. a contest with bodily exertion; a word used to denote the athletic games, in Greece; whence anguish, solicitude; from L. ago. Gr. to strive. See Act.", "1. In strictness, pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece. Hence,", "2. Extreme pain of body or mind; anguish; appropriately, the pangs of death, and the sufferings of our Savior in the garden of Gethsemane. Luke 22.", "3. Violent contest or striving."], "agree": ["AGREE', v.i.L. gratia. the primary sense is advancing, from the same root as L. gradior.", "1. To be of one mind; to harmonize in opinion.", "In the expediency of the law, all the parties agree.", "2. To live in concord, or without contention; as, parents and children agree well together.", "3. To yield assent; to approve or admit; followed by to; as, to agree to an offer, or to an opinion.", "4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of parties being agreed, as to the terms; as,", "Didst thou not agree with me for a penny a day? Mat. 20", "To agree on articles of partnership", "5. To come to a compromise of differences; to be reconciled.", "Agree with thy adversary quickly. Mat. 5", "6. To come to one opinion or mind; to concur; as, to agree on a place of meeting.", "This sense differs not essentially from the fourth, and it often implies a resolving to do an act. John 9.", "7. To be consistent; to harmonize; not to contradict, or be repugnant.", "Their witness agreed not together. Mark 24.", "This story agrees with what has been related by others.", "8. To resemble; to be similar; as, the picture does not agree with the original.", "9. To suit; to be accommodated or adapted to; as, the same food does not agree with every constitution.", "AGREE', v.t. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make friends; to put an end to variance; but these senses are unusual and hardly legitimate. Let the parties agree the fact, is really elliptical; let them agree on the fact."], "agreed": ["AGREE'D, pp.", "1. Being in concord or harmony of opinion; of one mind.", "Can two walk together except they be agreed? Amos 3.", "2. Assented to; admitted; as, a proposition is agreed to.", "3. Settled by consent; implying bargain or contract; as, the terms were agreed to, or agreed upon."], "agreeing": ["AGREE'ING, ppr. Living in concord; concurring; assenting; settling by consent."], "agreeingly": ["AGREE'INGLY, adv. In conformity to. Little used."], "agreement": ["AGREE'MENT, n.", "1. Concord; harmony; conformity.", "What agreement hath the temple of God with idols? 2Cor. 6.", "2. Union of opinions or sentiments; as, a good agreement subsists among the members of the council.", "3. Resemblance; conformity; similitude.", "Expansion and duration have this farther agreement.", "4. Union of minds in regard to a transfer of interest; bargain; compact; contract; stipulation.", "Make an agreement with me by a present. 2Kings 18.", "He made an agreement for the purchase of a house."], "aground": ["AGROUND', adv. Of a, at or on, and ground.", "1. On the ground; a marine term, signifying that the bottom of a ship rests on the ground, for want of sufficient depth of water. When the ground is near the shore, the ship is said to be ashore or stranded.", "2. Figuratively, stopped; impeded by insuperable obstacles."], "ague": ["A'GUE, n. a'gu,", "1. The cold fit which precedes a fever, or a paroxysm of fever in intermittents. It is accompanied with shivering.", "2. Chilliness; a chill, or state of shaking with cold, though in health.", "3. It is used for a periodical fever, an intermittent, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan. In this case, the word, which signifies the preceding cold fit, is used for the disease.", "A'GUE, v.t. To cause a shivering in; to strike with a cold fit."], "agued": ["A'GUED, a. Chilly; having a fit of ague; shivering with cold or fear."], "ah": ["AH, An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c., according to the manner of utterance."], "aha": ["'AH'A.", "1. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or simple surprise; but the senses are distinguished by very different modes of utterance, and different modification of features.", "2. A sunk fence, not visible, without near approach."], "aid": ["AID, v.t. L. adjuto.", "To help; to assist; to support, either by furnishing strength or means to effect a purpose, or to prevent or remove evil.", "AID, n.", "1. Help; succor; support; assistance.", "2. The person who aids or yields support; a helper; an auxiliary; also the thing that aids or yields succor.", "3. In English law, a subsidy or tax granted by parliament, and making a part of the king's revenue.", "In France, aids are equivalent to customs, or duties on imports and exports.", "4. In England, a tax paid by a tenant to his lord; originally a mere gift, which afterwards became a right demandable by the lord. the aids of this king were chiefly three.", "1. To ransom the lord when a prisoner.", "2. To make the lord's eldest son a knight.", "3. To marry the lord's eldest daughter.", "5. An aiddecamp, so called by abbreviation.", "6. To pray in aid, in law, is to call in a person interested in a title, to assist in defending it. Thus a tenant for life may pray in the aid of him in remainder or reversion; that is, he may pray or petition that he may be joined in the suit to aid or help maintain the title. This act or petition is called aid-prayer.", "Court of aids, in France, is a court which has cognizance of causes respecting duties or customs."], "aided": ["A'IDED, pp. Assisted; supported; furnished with succor."], "aiding": ["A'IDING, ppr. Helping; assisting."], "ail": ["AIL, v.t.", "To trouble; to affect with uneasiness, either of body or mind; used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man? I know not what ails him.", "What aileth thee, Hagar? Gen. 21.", "It is never used to express a specific disease. We never say, he ails a pleurisy; but it is unusual to say, he ails something; he ails nothing; nothing ails him.", "AIL, n. Indisposition, or morbid affection."], "aile": ["AISLE, or AILE, n. Pronounced Ile. L. ala.", "The wing of a quire; a walk in a church."], "ailing": ["A'ILING, ppr. Diseased; indisposed; full of complaints."], "air": ["AIR, n. L. aer; Heb. to shine. The radical sense is to open, expand; whence clear; or to flow, to shoot, to radiate.", "1. The fluid which we breathe. Air is inodorous, invisible, insipid, colorless, elastic, possessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied, and condensed.", "Atmospheric air is a compound fluid, consisting of oxygen gas, and nitrogen or azote; the proportion of each is stated by chimists differently; some experiments making the oxygen a twenty-eighth part of a hundred; others, not more than a twenty-third, or something less. The latter is probably the true proportion.", "Oxygen gas is called vital air. The body of air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. The specific gravity of air is to that of water, nearly as 1 to 828. Air is necessary to life; being inhaled into the lungs, the oxygenous part is separated from the azotic, and it is supposed to furnish the body with heat and animation. It is the medium of sounds and necessary to combustion.", "2. Air in motion; a light breeze.", "Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play.", "3. Vent; utterance abroad; publication; publicity; as, a story has taken air.", "You gave it air before me.", "Wind is used in like manner.", "4. A tune; a short song or piece of music adapted to words; also, the peculiar modulation of the notes, which gives music its character; as, a soft air. A song or piece of poetry for singing; also, the leading part of a tune, or that which is intended to exhibit the greatest variety of melody.", "5. The peculiar look, appearance, manner or mien of a person; as, a heavy air; the air of youth; a graceful air; a lofty air. It is applied to manners or gestures, as well as to features.", "6. Airs, in the plural, is used to denote an affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness; as, when it is said of a person, he puts on airs. The word is used also to express the artificial motions or carriage of a horse.", "7. In painting, that which expresses the life of action; manner; gesture; attitude.", "8. Any thing light or uncertain; that is light as air.", "Who builds his hope in air of your fair looks. Obs.", "9. Advice; intelligence; information. Obs.", "10. Different states of air are characterized by different epithets; as, good air, foul air, morning air, evening air; and sometimes airs may have been used for ill-scent or vapor, but the use is not legitimate.", "To take the air, is to go abroad; to walk or ride a little distance.", "To take air, is to be divulged; to be made public.", "AIR, v.t.", "1. To expose to the air; to give access to the open air; to ventilate; as, to air clothes; to air a room.", "2. To expose to heat; to warm; as, to air liquors.", "3. To dry by a fire; to expel dampness; as, to air linen."], "aired": ["A'IRED, pp. Exposed to air; cleansed by air; heated or dried by exposure to a fire; ventilated."], "airing": ["A'IRING, ppr. Exposing to the air; warming; drying.", "A'IRING, n. An exposure to the air, or to a fire, for warming or drying; also, a walk or ride in the open air; a short excursion. The exercise of horses in the open air."], "alabaster": ["AL'ABASTER, n. L. from Gr.", "A sub-variety of carbonate of lime, found in large masses, formed by the deposition of calcarious particles in caverns of limestone rocks. These concretions have a foliated, fibrous or granular structure, and are of a pure white color, or more generally they present shades of yellow, red or brown, in undulating or concentric stripes, or in spots.", "Among the ancients, alabaster was also the name of a vessel in which odoriferous liquors were kept; so called from the stone of which it was made. Also, the name of a measure, containing ten ounces of wine or nine of oil.", "AL'ABASTER, a. Made of alabaster, or resembling it.", "Alabastrum dendroide, a kind of laminated alabaster, variegated with figures of shrubs and trees, found in the province of Hohenstein."], "alarm": ["AL'ARM, n.", "1. Any sound, outcry or information intended to give notice of approaching danger as, to sound an alarm.", "2. A summon to arms.", "3. Sudden surprise with fear or terror; as, the fire or the enemy excited an alarm.", "4. Terror; a sensation excited by an apprehension of danger, from whatever cause; as, we felt an alarm at the cry of fire.", "5. In fencing, an appeal or challenge."], "alarmed": ["AL'ARMED, pp. Notified of sudden danger; surprised with fear; roused to vigilance or activity by apprehension of approaching danger; solicitous at the prospect or expectation of evil. Thus, we are alarmed at the approach of danger, or alarmed for the safety of friends at sea."], "alarming": ["AL'ARMING, ppr. Giving notice of approaching danger; rousing to vigilance; exciting solicitude by a prospect of evil.", "AL'ARMING, a. Exciting apprehension; terrifying; awakening a sense of danger; as, an alarming message."], "alarmingly": ["AL'ARMINGLY, adv. With alarm; in a manner to excite apprehension."], "alas": ["ALAS', ex.", "An exclamation expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil; sometimes followed by day or while; alas the day, like alack a day; or alas the while, expressing an unhappy time."], "albeit": ["ALBE'IT, This is supposed to be a compound of all, be and it, and is equivalent to admit, or grant it all.", "Be it so; admit all that; although; notwithstanding.", "Whereas ye say, the Lord saith it, albeit I have not spoken. Ez. 8.", "This word is not antiquated."], "alexanders": ["ALEX'ANDERS, n. The name of a plant of the genus Smyrnium."], "alexandrian": ["ALEX'ANDRIAN, n. Pertaining to Alexandria. There are many cities of this name, in various parts of the earth. The term is often applied an attribute, or used as a noun, for one who professed or taught the sciences in the school of Alexandria in Egypt; a place highly celebrated for its literature and magnificence, and whose library, it is said, consisted of 700,000 volumes. The Persians and Turks write for Alexander, Scander, or Sconder; and for Alexandria, Scanderona; hence Scanderoon, a sea port in Syria."], "algum": ["AL'GUM, n. In scripture, a tree or wood about which the learned are not agreed. The most probably conjecture is that the word denotes gummy or resinous wood in general.", "The Vulgate translates it ligna thyina, and the Septuagint, wrought-wood; others, ebony, bravil or pine, and the Rabbins render it coral. It was used for musical instruments, stair cases, &c.", "The thyinum is the citron tree, from Mauritania, much esteemed by the ancients for its fragrance and beauty. The almug, almugim, or algumin, or simply gummin is most probably a gummy wood, and perhaps may be the Shittim, often mentioned in Scripture. See 1Kings 10:11."], "alien": ["A'LIEN, a. alyen, L. alienus, from alius, another. L. alieno, to alienate; alter, another, to altercate.", "1. Foreign; not belonging to the same country, land or government.", "2. Belonging to one who is not a citizen.", "3. Estranged; foreign; not allied; adverse to; as, principles alien from our religion.", "A'LIEN, n. alyen.", "1. A foreigner; one born in, or belonging to, another country; one who is not a denizen, or entitled to the privileges of a citizen.", "2. In scripture, one who is a stranger to the church of Christ, or to the covenant of grace.", "At that time, ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel. Eph. 2.", "In France, a child born of residents who are not citizens, is an alien. In Great Britain, the children of aliens born in that country, are mostly natural born subjects; and the children of British subjects, owing allegiance to the crown of England, though born in other countries, are natural subjects, and entitled to the privileges or resident citizens.", "Alien-duty, a tax upon goods imported by aliens, beyond the duty on the like goods imported by citizens; a discriminating duty on the tonnage of ships belonging to aliens, or any extra duties imposed by laws or edicts on aliens."], "alienability": ["ALIENABIL'ITY, n. The capacity of being alienated or transferred.", "The alienability of the domain."], "alienable": ["A'LIENABLE, a. That may be sold, or transferred to another; as, land is alienable according to the laws of the State."], "alienate": ["A'LIENATE, v.t. L. alieno.", "1. To transfer title, property or right to another; as, to alienate lands, or sovereignty.", "2. To estrange; to withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent or averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; with from; as, to alienate the heart or affections; to alienate a man from the friends of his youth.", "3. To apply to a wrong use.", "They shall not alienate the first fruits of the land.", "Ezek. 48.", "A'LIENATE, a. L. alienatus.", "Estranged; withdrawn from; stranger to; with from.", "O alienate from God, O spirit accurst.", "The whigs were alienate from truth."], "alienation": ["ALIENA'TION, n. L. alienatio.", "1. A transfer of title; or a legal conveyance of property to another.", "2. The state of being alienated.", "3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the heart or affections.", "4. Delirium; derangement of mental faculties; insanity.", "Alienation-office, in Great Britain, is an office to which all writs of covenant and entry, on which fines are levied and recoveries suffered, are carried, to have fines for alienation set and paid thereon."], "alienator": ["A'LIENATOR, n. One that alienates or transfers property."], "aliene": ["ALIE'NE, v.t. L. alieno.", "1. To transfer title or property to another; to sell.", "Nor could he aliene the estate, even with the consent of the Lord.", "2. To estrange; to make averse or indifferent; to turn the affections from.", "The prince was aliened from all thoughts of the marriage.", "In this sense, it is more common to use alienate."], "alienism": ["ALIENISM, n. Alyenizm. The state of being an alien.", "The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of alienism."], "alike": ["ALI'KE, a.", "Having resemblance or similitude; similar.", "The darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Ps. 13.", "This adjective never precedes the noun which it qualifies.", "ALI'KE, adv. in the same manner, form or degree.", "We are all alike concerned in religion.", "He fashioneth their hearts alike. Ps. 33."], "alive": ["ALI'VE, a.", "1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions, and the fluids move, whether in animals or vegetables; as, the man or plant is alive.", "2. In a state of action; unextinguished; undestroyed; unexpired; in force or operation; as, keep the process alive.", "3. Cheerful; sprightly; lively; full of alacrity; as, the company were all alive.", "4. Susceptible; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as when the mind is solicitous about some event; as, one is alive to whatever is interesting to a friend.", "5. Exhibiting motion or moving bodies in great numbers.", "The city was all alive, when the General entered.", "6. In a scriptural sense, regenerated; born again.", "For this my son was dead and is alive. Luke 15.", "This adjective always follows the noun which it qualifies."], "all": ["ALL, a. awl. Gr. Shemitic from calah, to be ended or completed to perfect.", "1. Every one, or the whole number of particulars.", "2. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength. This word signifies then, the whole or entire thing, or all the parts or particulars which compose it. It always precedes the definitive adjectives, the, my, thy, his, our, your, their; as, all the cattle; all my labor; all thy goods; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their property.", "This word, not only in popular language, but in the scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died; all Judea and all the region round about Jordan; all men held John as a prophet; are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part or very great numbers.", "This word is prefixed to many other words, to enlarge their signification; as already, always, all-prevailing.", "ALL, adv. Wholly; completely; entirely; as all along; all bedewed; all over; my friend is all for amusement; I love my father all. In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all so long, this word retains its appropriate sense; as,\"he thought them six-pence all too dear,\" that is, he thought them too dear by the sum of sixpence. In the sense of although, as, \"all were it as the rest,\" and in the sense of just, or at the moment, as \"all as his straying flock he fed,\" it is obsolete, or restricted to poetry.", "It is all one is a phrase equivalent to the same thing in effect; that is, it is wholly the same thing.", "All the better is equivalent to wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference.", "ALL, n.", "1. The whole number; as, all have not the same disposition; that is, all men.", "2. The whole; the entire thing; the aggregate amount; as, our all is at stake.", "And Laban said, all that thou seest is mine. Gen. 31.", "This adjective is much used as a noun, and applied to persons or things.", "All in all is a phrase which signifies, all things to a person, or every thing desired.", "Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever.", "When the words, and all close an enumeration of particulars, the word all is either intensive, or is added as a general term to express what is not enumerated; as a tree fell, nest, eagles and all.", "At all is a phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences. He has no ambition at all; that is, not in the least degree. Has he any property at all?", "All and some, in Spenser, Mason interprets, one and all. But from Lye's Saxon Dictionary, it appears that the phrase is a corruption of the Sax. ealle at somne, all together, all at once, from somne, together, at once. See Lye under Somne.", "All in the wind, in seamen's language, is a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake.", "All is well is a watchman's phrase, expressing a state of safety.", "All, in composition, enlarges the meaning, or adds force to a word; and it is generally more emphatical than most. In some instances, all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, already, always; but in most instances, it is an adjective prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen."], "alle": ["AL'LE, n. ally. The little auk, or black and white diver."], "allegation": ["ALLEGA'TION, n.", "1. Affirmation; positive assertion or declaration.", "2. That which is affirmed or asserted; that which is offered as a plea, excuse or justification.", "3. In ecclesiastical courts, a formal complaint, or declaration of charges."], "allege": ["ALLEGE. See Alledge."], "allegeable": ["ALLEG'EABLE, a. That may be alledged. Not used."], "allegement": ["ALLEG'EMENT, n. Allegation. Not in use."], "allegory": ["AL'LEGORY, n. Gr. other, to speak, a forum, an oration.", "A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker, by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject. Allegory is in words that hieroglyphics are in painting. We have a fine example of an allegory in the eightieth Psalm, in which God's chosen people are represented by a vineyard. The distinction in scripture between a parable and an allegory, is said to be that a parable is a supposed history, and an allegory, a figurative description of real facts. An allegory is called a continued metaphor. The following line in Virgil is an example of an allegory.", "Claudite jam rivos, pueri, sat prata biberunt.", "Stop the currents, young men, the meadows have drank sufficiently; that is let your music cease, our ears have been sufficiently delighted."], "allied": ["ALLI'ED, pp. Connected by marriage, treaty or similitude. See ally."], "ally": ["ALLY', v.t. L. ligo.", "1. To unite, or form a relation, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league or confederacy.", "2. To form a relation by similitude, resemblance or friendship. Note. This word is more generally used in the passive form, as families are allied by blood; or reciprocally, as princes ally themselves to powerful states."], "allying": ["ALLY'ING, ppr. Uniting by marriage or treaty."], "allow": ["ALLOW', v.t. L. loco, to lay, set, place. See Lay.", "1. To grant, give or yield; as, to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a pension.", "2. To admit; as, to allow the truth of a proposition; to allow a claim.", "3. To admit; to own or acknowledge; as, to allow the right of the President to displace officers.", "4. To approve, justify or sanction.", "Ye allow the deeds of your fathers. Luke 11. Rom. 8.", "5. To afford, or grant as a compensation; as, to allow a dollar a day for wages.", "6. To abate or deduct; as, to allow a sum for tare or leakage.", "7. To permit; to grant license to; as, to allow a son to be absent."], "allowable": ["ALLOW'ABLE, a. That may be permitted as lawful, or admitted as true and proper; not forbid; not unlawful or improper; as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among friends."], "allowably": ["ALLOW'ABLY, adv. In an allowable manner; with propriety."], "allowance": ["ALLOW'ANCE, n.", "1. The act of allowing or admitting.", "2. Permission; license; approbation; sanction; usually slight approbation.", "3. Admission; assent to a fact or state of things; a granting.", "4. Freedom from restraint; indulgence.", "5. That which is allowed; a portion appointed; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, in seamen's language, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short.", "6. Abatement; deduction; as, to make an allowance for the inexperience of youth.", "7. Established character; reputation; as, a pilot of approved allowance. Obs.", "ALLOW'ANCE, v.t. To put upon allowance; to restrain or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink.", "Distress compelled the captain of the ship to allowance his crew."], "allowed": ["ALLOW'ED, pp. Granted; permitted; assented to; admitted; approved; indulged; appointed; abated."], "allowing": ["ALLOW'ING, ppr. Granting; permitting; admitting; approving; indulging; deducting."], "allure": ["ALLU'RE, v.t.", "To attempt to draw to; to tempt by the offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or acceptable; as, rewards allure men to brave danger. Sometimes used in a bad sense, to allure to evil; but in this sense entice is more common. In Hosea 2:14, allure is used in its genuine sense; 2Peter 2:18, in the sense of entice."], "allured": ["ALLU'RED, pp. Tempted; drawn, or invited, by something that appears desirable."], "allurement": ["ALLU'REMENT, n. That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or operating; as a motive to action; temptation; enticement; as, the allurements of pleasure, or of honor."], "allurer": ["ALLU'RER, n. He, or that, which allures."], "alluring": ["ALLU'RING, ppr.", "1. Drawing; tempting; inviting by some real or apparent good.", "2. a. Inviting; having the quality of attracting or tempting."], "alluringly": ["ALLU'RINGLY, adv. In an alluring manner; enticingly."], "alme": ["AL'ME, or AL'MA, n. Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is to amuse company with singing and dancing."], "alms": ["'ALMS, 'amz. Eng. almesse; L. eleemosyna; Gr. to pity.", "Any thing given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing, otherwise called charity.", "A lame man was laid daily to ask an alms. Acts. 3.", "Cornelius gave much alms to the people. Acts. 10.", "Tenure by free alms, or frank-almoign, in England, is that by which the possessor is bound to pray for the soul of the donor, whether dead or alive; a tenure by which most of the ancient monasteries and religious houses in England held their lands, as do the parochial clergy, and many ecclesiastical and eleemosynary establishments at this day. Land thus held was free from all rent or other service."], "almightiness": ["ALMI'GHTINESS, n. Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; an attribute of God only."], "almighty": ["ALMI'GHTY, a. all and mighty. See Might.", "Possessing all power; omnipotent; being of unlimited might; being of boundless sufficiency; appropriately applied to the Supreme Being.", "ALMI'GHTY, n. The Omnipotent God."], "almond": ["AL'MOND, n.", "1. The fruit of the almond tree; an ovate, compressed nut, perforated in the pores. It is either sweet or bitter. It is popularly pronounced ammond.", "2. The tonsils, two glands near the basis of the tongue, are called almonds, from their resemblance to that nut; vulgularly, but improperly, called the almonds of the ears, as they belong to the throat.", "3. In Portugal, a measure by which wine is sold, twenty-six of which make a pipe.", "But in Portuguese it is written almude.", "4. Among lapidaries, almonds signify pieces of rock crystal, used in adorning branch candlesticks, so called from their resemblance to this fruit."], "almoner": ["AL'MONER, n. See Alms.", "An officer whose duty is to distribute charity or alms. By the ancient canons, every monastery was to dispose of a tenth of its income in alms to the poor, and all bishops were obliged to keep an almoner. This title is sometimes given to a chaplain; as, the almoner of a ship or regiment.", "The Lord Almoner, or Lord High Almoner, in England, is an ecclesiastical officer, generally a bishop, who has the forfeiture of al deodands, and the goods of self-murderers, which he is to distribute to the poor.", "The Grand Almoner, in France, is the first ecclesiastical dignitary, and has the superintendence of hospitals."], "almost": ["ALMO'ST, adv. all and most. Nearly; well nigh; for the greatest part.", "Almost thou persuadest me to be a christian. Acts 26."], "aloe": ["AL'OE, n. al'o, plu. aloes, pronounced aloze, and popularly al'oez, in three syllables, according to the Latin. L. aloe; Gr; Heb. plu aloe trees.", "In botany, a genus of monogynian hexanders, of many species; all natives of warm climates, and most of them, of the southern part of Africa.", "Among the Mohammedans, the aloe is a symbolic plant, especially in Egypt; and every one who returns from a pilgrimage to Mecca, hangs it over his street door, as a token that he has performed the journey.", "In Africa, the leaves of the Guinea aloe are made into durable ropes. Of one species are made fishing lines, bow strings, stockings and hammocs. The leaves of another species hole rain water."], "aloes": ["ALOES, in medicine, is the inspissated juice of the aloe. The juice is collected from the leaves, which are cut and put in a tub, and when a large quantity is procured, it is boiled to a suitable consistence; or it is exposed to the sun, till all the fluid part is exhaled. There are several kinds sold in the shops; as the socotrine aloes from Socotora, an isle in the Indian ocean; the hepatic or common Barbadoes aloes; and the fetid or caballine aloes.", "Aloes is a stimulating stomachic purgative; when taken in small doses, it is useful for people of a lax habit and sedentary life."], "alone": ["ALO'NE, a. all and one.", "1. Single; solitary; without the presence of another; applied to a person or thing.", "It is not good that man should be alone. Gen. 2.", "This adjective follows its noun.", "2. It is applied to two or more persons or things, when separate from others, in a place or condition by themselves; without company.", "And when they were alone, he expounded all things to his disciples. Mark 4.", "3. Only.", "Thou whose name alone is Jehovah. Ps. 83.", "This sense at first appears to be adverbial, but really is not; whose name single, solitary, without another, is Jehovah.", "To let alone is to suffer to rest; to forbear molesting or meddling with; to suffer to remain in its present state. Alone, in this phrase, is an adjective, the word to which it refers being omitted; let me alone; let them alone; let it alone; that is, suffer it to be unmolested, or to remain as it is, or let it remain by itself.", "ALO'NE, adv. Separately; by itself."], "alonely": ["ALO'NELY, a. or adv. Only; merely; singly. Not used."], "aloneness": ["ALO'NENESS, n. That state which belong to no other. Not used."], "along": ["ALONG', adv. See Long.", "1. By the length; lengthwise; in a line with the length; as, the troops marched along the bank of the river, or along the highway. 1Sam. 6.", "2. Onward; in a line, or with a progressive motion; as, a meteor glides along the sky; let us walk along.", "All along signifies the whole length; through the whole distance; in the whole way or length.", "Ishmael went forth, weeping all along as he went. Jer. 41. 1Sam. 28.", "Along with signifies in company; joined with; as, Go along with us. Sometimes with is omitted;", "Come then, my friend, my genius, come along.", "Along side, in seamen's language, that is, by the length or in a line with the side, signifies side by side, as by another ship or by the side of a wharf.", "Along shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the shore.", "Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down by the weight of sail."], "aloof": ["ALOOF, adv. Probably from the root of leave, to depart.", "1. At a distance, but within view, or at a small distance, in a literal sense; as, to stand aloof.", "2. In a figurative sense, not concerned in a design; declining to take any share, implying circumspection; keeping at a distance from the point, or matter in debate."], "aloud": ["ALOUD', adv. a and loud; See Loud.", "Loudly; with a loud voice, or great noise.", "Cry aloud, spare not. Isa. 58."], "alpha": ["AL'PHA, n. Heb. an ox, a leader.", "The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and used to denote first or beginning.", "I am Alpha and Omega. Rev. 1.", "As a numeral, it stands for one. It was formerly used also to denote chief; as, Plato was the Alpha of the wits."], "already": ["ALREAD'Y, adv. alred'dy. all and ready. See Ready.", "Literally, a state of complete preparation; but, by an easy deflection, the sense is, at this time, or at a specified time.", "Elias is come already. Mat. 17.", "Joseph was in Egypt already. Ex. 1."], "also": ["AL'SO, adv. all and so. Likewise; in like manner.", "Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. Mat 16."], "altar": ["AL'TAR, n. L. altare, probably from the same root as altus, high.", "1. A mount; a table or elevated place, on which sacrifices where anciently offered to some deity. Altars were originally made of turf, afterwards of stone, wood or horn; some were round, others square, others triangular. They differed also in height, but all faced the east. The principal altars of the Jews were, the altar of incense, of burnt-offerings, and of shewbread; all of shittim wood, and covered with gold or brass.", "2. In modern churches, the communion table; and, figuratively, a church; a place of worship.", "3. In scripture, Christ is called the altar of Christians, he being the atoning sacrifice for sin.", "We have an altar, whereof they have no right to eat, who serve tabernacles. Heb. 13."], "alter": ["AL'TER, v.t. L. alter, another. See Alien.", "1. To make some change in; to make different in some particular; to vary in some degree, without an entire change.", "My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that has gone out of my lips. Ps. 89.", "2. To change entirely or materially; as, to alter an opinion. In general, to alter is to change partially; to change is more generally to substitute one thing for another, or to make a material difference in a thing.", "AL'TER, v.i. To become, in some respects, different; to vary; as, the weather alters almost daily.", "The law which altereth not. Dan 4."], "alterability": ["AL'TERABILITY, n. The quality of being susceptible of alteration."], "alterable": ["AL'TERABLE, a. That may become different; that may vary."], "alterableness": ["AL'TERABLENESS, n. The quality of admitting alteration; variableness."], "alterably": ["AL'TERABLY, adv. In a manner that may be altered, or varied."], "alterant": ["AL'TERANT, a. Altering; gradually changing.", "AL'TERANT, n. A medicine which, without a sensible operation, gradually corrects the state of the body and changes it from a diseased to a healthy condition. An alterative."], "alteration": ["ALTERA'TION, n. L. alteratio.", "The act of making different, or of varying in some particular; an altering or partial change; also the change made, or the loss or acquisition of qualities not essential to the form or nature of a thing. Thus a cold substance suffers an alteration when it becomes hot."], "alterative": ["AL'TERATIVE, a. Causing alteration; having the power to alter.", "AL'TERATIVE, n. A medicine which, without sensible operation, gradually induces a change in the habit or constitution and restores healthy functions. This word is more generally used than alterant."], "although": ["ALTHO'UGH, altho', obs. verb, or used only in the Imperative. Grant all this; be it so; allow all; suppose that; admit all that; as, \"although the fig tree shall not blossom.\" Hab. 3. That is, grant, admit or suppose what follows - \"the fig tree shall not blossom.\" It is a transitive verb, and admits after it the definitive that - although that the fig tree shall not blossom; but this use of the verb, has been long obsolete. The word may be defined by notwithstanding, non obstante; as not opposing may be equivalent to admitting or supposing."], "altogether": ["ALTOGETH'ER, adv. all and together. See Together.", "Wholly; entirely; completely; without exception.", "Every man at his best estate is altogether vanity. Ps. 39."], "alway": ["AL'WAY or AL'WAYS, adv. all and way", "1. Perpetually; throughout all time; as, God is always the same.", "2. Continually; without variation.", "I do alway those things which please him. John 8. Mat. 28.", "3. Continually or constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals.", "Mephibosheth shall eat bread alway at my table. 2Sam. 9.", "4. At all convenient times; regularly.", "Cornelius prayed to God alway. Acts 10. Luke 18. Eph. 6.", "Alway is now seldom used. The application of this compound to time proceeds from the primary sense of way, which is a going or passing; hence, continuation.", "A.M. stand for Artium Magister, master of arts, the second degree given by universities and colleges; called in some countries, doctor of philosophy. In America, this degree is conferred without examination, on bachelors of three years standing.", "A.M. stand also for Anno Mundi, in the year of the world.", "AM, the first person of the verb to be, in the indicative mode, present tense.", "I am that I am. Ex. 3."], "always": ["AL'WAY or AL'WAYS, adv. all and way", "1. Perpetually; throughout all time; as, God is always the same.", "2. Continually; without variation.", "I do alway those things which please him. John 8. Mat. 28.", "3. Continually or constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals.", "Mephibosheth shall eat bread alway at my table. 2Sam. 9.", "4. At all convenient times; regularly.", "Cornelius prayed to God alway. Acts 10. Luke 18. Eph. 6.", "Alway is now seldom used. The application of this compound to time proceeds from the primary sense of way, which is a going or passing; hence, continuation.", "A.M. stand for Artium Magister, master of arts, the second degree given by universities and colleges; called in some countries, doctor of philosophy. In America, this degree is conferred without examination, on bachelors of three years standing.", "A.M. stand also for Anno Mundi, in the year of the world.", "AM, the first person of the verb to be, in the indicative mode, present tense.", "I am that I am. Ex. 3."], "am": ["AMB,AM. About; around; used in composition. Gr., Lat. am or amb."], "amadou": ["AM'ADOU, n. A variety of the boletus igniarius, found on old ash and other trees.", "This is written also amadow, and called black match, and pyrotechnical spunge, on account of its inflammability."], "amaze": ["AMA'ZE, v.t.", "To confound with fear, sudden surprise, or wonder; to astonish.", "They shall be afraid; they shall be amazed at one another. Is. 23.", "They were all amazed and glorified God. Mark 2. Luke 5.", "This word implies astonishment or perplexity, arising from something extraordinary, unexpected,unaccountable, or frightful.", "AMA'ZE, n. Astonishment; confusion; perplexity, arising from fear, surprise or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry, and is nearly synonymous with amazement."], "amazed": ["AMA'ZED, pp. Astonished; confounded with fear, surprise or wonder."], "amazement": ["AMA'ZEMENT, n. Astonishment; confusion or perplexity, from a sudden impression of fear, surprise or wonder. It is sometimes accompanied with fear or terror; sometimes merely extreme wonder or admiration at some great, sudden or unexpected event, at an unusual sight, or at the narration of extraordinary event."], "amazing": ["AMA'ZING, ppr.", "1. Confounding with fear, surprise or wonder.", "2. a. Very wonderful; exciting astonishment, or perplexity."], "amazingly": ["AMA'ZINGLY, adv. In an astonishing degree; in a manner to excite astonishment, or to perplex, confound or terrify."], "ambassador": ["AMBAS'SADOR, n. This is the more common orthography; but good authors write also embassador; and as the orthography of embassy is established, it would be better to write embassador. See Embassador."], "amber": ["AM'BER, n. In 1Kings 10:2-10, the Arabic is rendered spices. The Arabic word is rendered by Castle, amber, a marine fish, a shield made of skins, crocus and fimus.", "A hard semi-pellucid substance, tasteless and without smell, except when pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odor. It is found in alluvial soils, or on the sea shore, in many places; particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in Europe, and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the United States. The ancient opinion of its vegetable origin seems now to be established, and it is believed or known to be a fossil resin. It yields by distillation an empyreumatic oil, and succinic acid, which sublimes in small white needles. Its color usually presents some tinge of yellow. it is highly electrical, and is the basis of a varnish.", "AM'BER, a. Consisting of, or resembling amber.", "AM'BER, v.t. To scent with amber."], "ambush": ["AM'BUSH, n.", "1. A private or concealed station, where troops lie in wait to attack their enemy by surprise.", "2. The state of lying concealed, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; a lying in wait.", "3. The troops posted in a concealed place for attacking by surprise.", "Lay thee an ambush for the city. Josh. 8.", "AM'BUSH, v.t. To lie in wait for; to surprise, by assailing unexpectedly from a concealed place.", "AM'BUSH, v.i. To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise.", "Nor saw the snake, that ambushed for his prey."], "ambushed": ["AM'BUSHED, pp. Lain in wait for; suddenly attacked from a concealed station."], "ambushing": ["AM'BUSHING, ppr. Lying in wait for; attacking from a concealed station."], "ambushment": ["AM'BUSHMENT, n. An ambush; which see."], "amen": ["AMEN'. This word, with slight differences or orthography, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a verb, it signifies to confirm, establish, verify; to trust, or give confidence; as a noun, truth, firmness, trust, confidence; as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, after the oriental manner, it is used at the beginning, but more generally at the end of declarations and prayers, in the sense of, be it firm, be it established.", "And let all the people say amen. Ps. 104.", "The word is used also as a noun.", "\"All the promises of God are amen in Christ;\" that is, firmness, stability, constancy."], "amenable": ["AME'NABLE, a.", "1. In old law, easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband. This sense is obsolete.", "2. Liable to answer; responsible; answerable; liable to be called to account; as, every man is amenable to the laws.", "We retain this idiom in the popular phrase, to bring in, to make answerable; as a man is brought in to pay the debt of another."], "amenance": ["AM'ENANCE, n. Conduct, behavior. Obs."], "amenity": ["AME'NITY, n. L. amanitas; amanus. Pleasantness; agreeableness of situation; that which delights the eye; used of places and prospects."], "amend": ["AMEND', v.t. L. emendo, of e neg, and menda, mendum, a fault. See mend.", "1. To correct; to rectify by expunging a mistake; as, to amend a law.", "2. To reform, by quitting bad habits; to make better in a moral sense; as, to amend our ways or our conduct.", "3. To correct; to supply a defect; to improve or make better, by some addition of what is wanted, as well as by expunging what is wrong, as to amend a bill before a legislature. Hence it is applied to the correction of authors, by restoring passages which had been omitted, or restoring the true reading.", "AMEND', v.i. To grow or become better, by reformation, or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals. It differs from improve, in this, that to amend implies something previously wrong; to improve, does not.", "AMEND', A pecuniary punishment, or fine. The amende honorable, in France, is an infamous punishment inflicted on traitors, parricides and sacrilegious persons. The offender,being led into court with a rope about his neck, begs pardon of his God, the court, &c. These words denote also a recantation in open court, or in presence of the injured person."], "amendable": ["AMEND'ABLE, a. That may be amended; capable of correction; as, an amendable writ or error."], "amended": ["AMEND'ED, pp. Corrected; rectified; reformed; improved, or altered for the better."], "amender": ["AMEND'ER, n. The person that amends."], "amending": ["AMEND'ING, ppr. Correcting; reforming; altering for the better."], "amendment": ["AMEND'MENT, n.", "1. An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or faults; reformation of life, by quitting vices.", "2. A word, clause or paragraph, added or proposed to be added to a bill before a legislature.", "3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ or process.", "Shakespeare uses it for the recovery of health, but this sense is unusual."], "amends": ["AMENDS', n. plu.", "Compensation for an injury; recompense; satisfaction; equivalent; as, the happiness of a future life will more than make amends for the miseries of this."], "amerce": ["AMERCE, v.t. amers'. A verb formed from a for on or at, from L. merces, reward.", "1. To inflict a penalty at mercy; to punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion or mercy of the court; as, the court amerced the criminal in the sum of one hundred dollars.", "2. To inflict a pecuniary penalty; to punish in general. Milton uses of after amerce; \"Millions of spirits amerced of heaven;\" but this use seems to be a poetic license."], "amerced": ["AMER'CED, pp. Fined at the discretion of a court."], "amercement": ["AMERCEMENT, n. amers'ment. A pecuniary penalty inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court. It differs from a fine, in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statute for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence the practice of affeering. See Affeer. But in America, the word fine is now used for a pecuniary penalty which is uncertain; and it is common in statutes, to enact that an offender shall be fined, at the discretion of the court. In England also, fines are now usually discretionary. Thus the word fine has, in a measure, superseded the use of amercement. This word, in old books, is written amerciament.", "Amercement royal is a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office."], "amercer": ["AMER'CER, n. One who set a fine at discretion, upon an offender."], "amethyst": ["AM'ETHYST, n. L. amethystus; Gr. which the Greeks supposed to be formed from a neg. and to inebriate, from some supposed quality in the stone of resisting intoxication. Plin. 37.9, mentions an opinion that it takes its name from its color approaching that of wine, but not reaching it.", "A sub-species of quartz, of a violet blue color, of different degrees of intensity. It generally occurs crystallized in hexahedral prisms or pyramids; also in rolled fragments, composed of imperfect prismatic crystals. Its fracture is conchoidal or splintery. It is wrought into various articles of jewelry.", "AM'ETHYST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color. It is the same, in a nobelman's escutcheon, as purpure, in a gentleman's and mercury, in that of a prince."], "amiable": ["A'MIABLE, a. L. amabilis; from amo, to love.", "1. Lovely; worth of love; deserving of affection; applied usually to persons. But in Ps. 84:1, there is an exception, \"How amiable are the tabernacles, O Lord.\"", "2. Pretending or showing love.", "Lay amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife.", "But this use is not legitimate."], "amiableness": ["A'MIABLENESS, n. The quality of deserving love; loveliness."], "amiably": ["A'MIABLY, adv. In an amiable manner; in a manner to excite or attract love."], "amiss": ["AMISS', a. a and miss. See Miss.", "1. Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss to ask advice. This adjective always follows its noun.", "2. adv. In a faulty manner; contrary to propriety, truth, law or morality.", "Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss. James 4.", "Applied to the body, it signifies indisposed; as, I am somewhat amiss to day."], "ammonite": ["AM'MONITE, n.Cornu ammonis, from Jupiter Ammon, whose statues were represented with ram's horns.", "Serpent-stone, or cornu ammonis, a fossil shell, curved into a spiral, like a ram's horn; of various sizes, from the smallest grains to three feet in diameter. This fossil is found in stratums of limestone and clay, and in argillaceous iron ore. It is smooth or ridged; the ridges strait, crooked or undulated."], "amongst": ["AMONGST', prep. Gr. See Mingle.", "1. In a general or primitive sense, mixed or mingled with; as tares among wheat.", "2. Conjoined or associated with, or making part of the number.", "Blessed art thou among women. Luke 1.", "3. Of the number; as, there is not one among a thousand, possessing the like qualities."], "amount": ["AMOUNT', v.i. L. mons, a mountain, or its root.", "1. To rise to or reach, by an accumulation of particulars, into an aggregate whole; to compose in the whole; as, the interest on the several sums amounts to fifty dollars.", "2. To rise, reach, or extend to, in effect, or substance; to result in, by consequence, when all things are considered; as, the testimony of these witnesses amounts to very little."], "amounting": ["AMOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising to, by accumulation or addition; coming or increasing to; resulting in effect or substance."], "an": ["AN, a. L. unus, una, unum; Gr.", "One; noting an individual, either definitely, known, certain, specified, or understood; or indefinitely, not certain, known, or specified. Definitely, as \"Noah built an ark of Gopher wood.\" \"Paul was an eminent apostle.\" Indefinitely, as \"Bring me an orange.\" Before a consonant the letter n is dropped, as a man; but our ancestors wrote an man, an king. This letter represents an definitely, or indefinitely. Definitely, as \"I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God.\" Ex. 6. Indefinitely, as \"the province of a judge is to decide controversies.\" An being the same word as one, should not be used with it; \"such an one\" is tautology; the true phrase is such one. Although an, a and one, are the same word, and always have the same sense, yet by custom, an and a are used exclusively as a definite adjective, and one is used in numbering. Where our ancestors wrote an, twa, thry, we now use one, two, three. So an and a are never used except with a noun; but one like other adjectives, is sometimes used without its noun, and as a substitute for it; \"one is at a loss to assign a reason for such conduct.\"", "AN, in old English authors, signifies if; as, \"an it please your honor.\" Gr.; L. an, if or whether. It is probably an imperative, like if, gif, give."], "anathema": ["ANATH'EMA, n. Gr. to place behind, backward or at a distance, to separate.", "1. Excommunication with curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical authority, accompanying excommunication. This species of excommunication was practiced in the ancient churches, against notorious offenders; all churches were warned not to receive them; all magistrates and private persons were admonished not to harbor or maintain them, and priests were enjoined not to converse with them, or attend their funeral.", "There are two kinds of anathemas, judiciary and abjuratory. The former is pronounced by a council, pope or bishop; the latter is the act of a convert who anathematizes the heresy which he abjures.", "2. In heathen mythology, an offering, or present made to some deity and hung up in a temple. Whenever a person quitted his employment, he set apart, or dedicated his tools to his patron-deity. Persons who had escaped danger remarkably, or been otherwise very fortunate, testified their gratitude by some offering to their deity."], "ancestor": ["AN'CESTOR, n. L. antecessor, of ante, before, and cedo, to go.", "One from whom a person descends, either by the father or mother, at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth generation. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or blood; a predecessor, in the order of office."], "anchor": ["AN'CHOR, n. L. anchora; Gr.", "1. An iron instrument for holding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. It is a strong shank, with a ring at one end, to which a cable may be fastened; and with two arms and flukes at the other end, forming a suitable angle with the shank to enter the ground.", "In seamen's language, the anchor comes home, when it is dislodged from its bed, so as to drag by the violence of the wind, sea or current.", "Foul anchor is when the anchor hooks or is entangled with another anchor, or with a wreck or cable, or when the slack cable is entangled.", "The anchor a cock bill, is when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cat head, ready to be let go.", "The anchor a peek, is when it is drawn in so tight as to bring the ship directly over it.", "The anchor is a trip, or a weigh, when it is just drawn out of the ground, in a perpendicular direction, either by the cable or the buoy-rope.", "To back an anchor is to lay down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home.", "At anchor is when a ship rides by her anchor. Hence, to lie or ride at anchor.", "To cast anchor, or to anchor, is to let go an anchor, to keep a ship at rest.", "To weigh anchor is to heave or raise the anchor out of the ground.", "Anchors are of different sizes. The principal, and that on which most dependence is placed, is the sheet anchor. Then come the best bower, the small bower, the space anchor, the stream anchor, and the kedge anchor, which is the smallest.", "2. In a figurative sense, that which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety.", "Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and stedfast. Heb. 6.", "3. In architecture, anchors are carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor. It is commonly a part of the ornaments of the boultins of capitals in the Tuscan, Doric and Ionic orders, and on the moldings of cornices.", "In heraldry, anchors are emblems of hope.", "AN'CHOR, v.t.", "1. To place at anchor; to moor; as to anchor a ship.", "2. To fix or fasten on; to fix in a stable condition", "AN'CHOR, v.i.", "1. To cast anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship anchored off the isle of Wight.", "2. To stop; to fix or rest on."], "anchorable": ["AN'CHORABLE, a. Fit for anchorage. Not used."], "anchored": ["AN'CHORED, pp. Lying or riding at anchor; held by an anchor; moored; fixed in safety."], "anchoring": ["AN'CHORING, ppr. Mooring; coming to anchor; casting anchor."], "ancient": ["AN'CIENT, a. Usually pronounced most anomalously, ancient. The pronunciation of the first vowel ought to accord with that is antiquity, anger, anchor, &c. Lt. ante, antiquus. We usually apply ancient and old to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never the old sun, old stars, an old river or mountain.", "1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; as, ancient authors, ancient days. Old, says Johnson, relates to the duration of the thing itself, as an old coat; and ancient to time in general, as an ancient dress. But this distinction is not always observed. We say, in old times, as well as ancient times; old customs, &c. In general, however, ancient is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh or recent. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which as ceased to exist, we commonly use ancient, as ancient republics' ancient heroes, and not old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times, is still in existence, we use either ancient or old; as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings; ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books. But in these examples ancient seems the most correct, or best authorized. Some persons apply ancient to men advanced in years still living; but this use is not common in modern practice, though found in scripture.", "With the ancient is wisdom. Job.", "2. Old; that has been of long duration; as, an ancient forest; an ancient city.", "3. Known from ancient times; as the ancient continent, opposed to the new continent.", "AN'CIENT, n. Generally used in the plural, ancients. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns.", "1. In scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, political and ecclesiastical.", "The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people. Isa. 3. Jer. 19.", "God is called the Ancient of days from his eternal existence. Dan. 7.", "Hooker uses the word for seniors, \"They were his ancients,\" but the use is not authorized.", "2. Ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a ship of war; and for an ensign or the bearer of a flag, as in Shakespeare. Cowel supposed the word, when used for a flag, to be a corruption of end-sheet, a flag at the stern. It is probably the Fr. enseigne.", "Ancient demain, in English Law, is a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names &c. of these were all entered in a book called Domes-day Book."], "anciently": ["AN'CIENTLY, adv. In old times; in times long since past; as Rome was anciently more populous than at present."], "ancientness": ["AN'CIENTNESS, n. The state of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times."], "and": ["AND, conj.", "And is a conjunction, connective or conjoining word. It signifies that a word or part of a sentence is to be added to what precedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange; that is, give me an apple, add or give in addition to that, an orange. John and Peter and James rode to New York, that is, John rode to New York; add or further, Peter rode to New York; add James rode to New York."], "angel": ["AN'GEL, n. Usually pronounced angel, but most anomalously. L. angelus; Gr. a messenger, to tell or announce.", "1. Literally, a messenger; one employed to communicate news or information from one person to another at a distance. But appropriately,", "2. A spirit, or a spiritual intelligent being employed by God to communicate his will to man. Hence angels are ministers of God, and ministring spirits. Heb. 1.", "3. In a bad sense, an evil spirit; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. Math. 25. 1Cor 6. Rev. 9.", "4. Christ, the mediator and head of the church. Rev. 10.", "5. A minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God. Rev. 2 and 3.", "6. Any being whom God employs to execute his judgments. Rev. 16.", "7. In the style of love, a very beautiful person."], "angelical": ["ANGEL'ICAL, a. L. angelicus. Resembling angels; belonging to angels, or partaking of their nature; suiting the nature and dignity of angels."], "angelically": ["ANGEL'ICALLY, adv. Like an angel."], "anger": ["AN'GER, n. ang'ger. L. ango, to choke strangle, vex; whence angor, vexation, anguish, the quinsy, angina. Gr. to strangle, to strain or draw together to vex. The primary sense is to press, squeeze, make narrow; Heb. to strangle.", "1. A violent passion of the mind excited by a real or supposed injury; usually accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to obtain satisfaction from the offending party. This passion however varies in degrees of violence, and in ingenuous minds, may be attended only with a desire to reprove or chide the offender.", "Anger is also excited by an injury offered to a relation, friend or party to which one is attached; and some degrees of it may be excited by cruelty, injustice or oppression offered to those with whom one has no immediate connection, or even to the community of which one is a member. Nor is it unusual to see something of this passion roused by gross absurdities in others, especially in controversy or discussion. Anger may be inflamed till it rises to rage and a temporary delirium.", "2. Paint; smart of a sore or swelling; the literal sense of the word, but little used.", "AN'GER, v.t. ang'ger.", "1. To excite anger; to provoke; to rouse resentment.", "2. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame; as, to anger an ulcer."], "angered": ["AN'GRED or ANG'ERED, pp. Made angry; provoked."], "angle": ["AN'GLE, n. L. angulus, a corner. Gr.", "In popular language, the point where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a point; a corner.", "In geometry, the space comprised between two straight lines that meet in a point, or between two straight converging lines which, if extended, would meet; or the quantity by which two straight lines, departing from a point, diverge from each other. The point of meeting is the vertex of the angle, and the lines, containing the angle, are its sides or legs.", "In optics, the angle of incidence is the angle which a ray of light makes with a perpendicular to the surface, or to that point of the surface on which it falls.", "The angle of refraction is the angle which a ray of light refracted makes with the surface of the refracting medium; or rather with a perpendicular to that point of the surface on which it falls.", "A right angle, is one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90 degrees, making the quarter of a circle.", "An obtuse angle is greater than a right angle, or more than 90 degrees.", "A rectilineal or right-lined angle, is formed by two right lines.", "A curvilineal angle, is formed by two curved lines.", "A mixed angle is formed by a right line with a curved line.", "Adjacent or contiguous angles are such as have one leg common to both angles, and both together are equal to two right angles.", "External angles are angles of any right-lined figure without it, when the sides are produced or lengthened.", "Internal angles are those which are within any right-lined figure.", "Oblique angles are either acute or obtuse, in opposition to right angles.", "A solid angle is the meeting of three or more plain angles at one point.", "A spherical angle is one made by the meeting of two arches of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of the globe or sphere.", "AN'GLE, n. A hook; an instrument to take fish, consisting of a rod, a line and a hook, or a line and hook.", "AN'GLE, v.i.", "1. To fish with an angle, or with line and hook.", "2. v.t. or i. To fish for; to try to gain by some bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish; as, to angle for the hearts of people, or to angle hearts."], "angled": ["AN'GLED, a. Having angles - used only in compounds."], "angling": ["AN'GLING, ppr. Fishing with an angle.", "AN'GLING, n. A fishing with a rod and line."], "angry": ["AN'GRY, a. See anger.", "1. Feeling resentment; provoked; followed generally by with before a person.", "God is angry with the wicked every day. Ps. 7.", "But it is usually followed by at before a thing.", "Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice? Eccles. 5.", "2. Showing anger; wearing the marks of anger; caused by anger; as, an angry countenance; angry words.", "3. Inflamed, as a sore; red; manifesting inflammation.", "4. Raging; furious; tumultuous.", "Or chain the angry vengeance of the waves."], "anguish": ["AN'GUISH, n. L. angustia, narrowness, from pressure. See Anger.", "Extreme pain, either of body or mind. As bodily pain, it may differ from agony, which is such distress of the whole body as to cause contortion, whereas anguish may be a local pain as of an ulcer, or gout. But anguish and agony are nearly synonymous. As pain of the mind, it signifies any keen distress from sorrow, remorse, despair and kindred passions.", "And they hearkened not to Moses, for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage. Ex. 6.", "AN'GUISH, v.t. To distress with extreme pain or grief."], "anguished": ["AN'GUISHED, pp. Extremely pained; tortured; deeply distressed."], "animal": ["AN'IMAL, n. L. animal, from anima, air, breath, soul.", "An organized body, endowed with life and the power of voluntary motion; a living, sensitive, locomotive body; as, man is an intelligent animal. Animals are essentially distinguished from plants by the property of sensation. The contractile property of some plants, as the mimosa, has the appearance of the effect of sensation, but it may be merely the effect of irritability.", "The distinction here made between animals and vegetables, may not be philosophically accurate; for we cannot perhaps ascertain the precise limit between the two kinds of beings, but this is sufficiently correct for common practical purposes.", "The history of animals is called zoology.", "By way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid animal."], "animalization": ["ANIMALIZA'TION, n. The act of giving animal life,or endowing with the properties of an animal."], "animalize": ["AN'IMALIZE, v.t.", "1. To give animal life to; to endow with the properties of animals.", "2. To convert into animal matter."], "animalized": ["AN'IMALIZED, pp. Endowed with animal life."], "animalizing": ["AN'IMALIZING, ppr. Giving animal life to."], "animate": ["AN'IMATE, v.t L. amino. See Animal.", "1. To give natural life to; to quicken; to make alive; as the soul animates the body.", "2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of a thing; as, to animate a lyre.", "3. To give spirit or vigor; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening passion; to stimulate or incite; as, to animate dispirited troops."], "animated": ["AN'IMATED, pp.", "1. Being endowed with anima life, as the various classes of animated beings.", "2. a. Lively; vigorous; full of spirit; indicating animation; as an animated discourse."], "animating": ["AN'IMATING, ppr. Giving life; infusing spirit; enlivening."], "animation": ["ANIMA'TION, n.", "1. The act of infusing life; the state of being animated.", "2. The state of being lively, brisk or full of spirit and vigor; as, he recited the story with great animation."], "animative": ["AN'IMATIVE, a. That has the power of giving life or spirit."], "animator": ["AN'IMATOR, n. One that gives life; that which infuses life or spirit."], "anime": ["AN'IME, n. In heraldry, a term denoting that the eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tincture from the animal himself.", "AN'IME, n. A resin exuding from the stem of a large American tree called by the natives courbaril; by Piso, jetaiba. It is of a transparent amber color, a light agreeable smell, and of little or no taste. It dissolves entirely, but not readily, in rectified spirit of wine, and is used by the Brazilians in fumigations, for pains proceeding from cold."], "anise": ["AN'ISE, n. an'nis. L. anisum; Gr.", "An annual plant, placed by Linne under the genus Pimpinella. It grows naturally in Egypt, and is cultivated in Spain and Malta, whence the seeds are imported. The stalk rises a foot and a half high, dividing into slender branches, garnished with narrow leaves, cut into three or four narrow segments. The branches terminate in large loose umbels, composed of smaller umbels or rays, on long footstalks. The flowers are small and of a yellowish white; the seeds oblong and swelling. Anise seeds have an aromatic smell, and a pleasant warm taste; they are useful in warming the stomach and expelling wind."], "anoint": ["ANOINT', v.t. L. ungo.", "1. To pour oil upon; to smear or rub over with oil or unctuous substances; also to spread over, as oil. We say, the man anoints another, or the oil anoints him.", "2. To consecrate by unction, or the use of oil.", "Thou shalt anoint the altar, and sanctify it. Ex. 29.", "3. To smear or daub.", "He anointed the eyes of the blind man with clay. John 9.", "4. To prepare, in allusion to the consecrating use of oil.", "Anoint the shield. Isaiah 21.", "To anoint the head with oil, Ps. 23 seems to signify to communicate the consolations of the Holy Spirit.", "The use of oil in consecrations, was of high antiquity. Kings, prophets and priests were set apart or consecrated to their offices by the use of oil. Hence the peculiar application of the term anointed to Jesus Christ."], "anointed": ["ANOINT'ED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with oil; set apart; consecrated with oil.", "ANOINT'ED, n. The Messiah, or Son of God, consecrated to the great office of Redeemer; called the Lord's anointed. Cyrus is also called the Lord's anointed. Isaiah 45."], "anointer": ["ANOINT'ER, n. One who anoints."], "anointing": ["ANOINT'ING, ppr. Smearing with oil; pouring on oil, or other oleaginous substance; consecrating.", "ANOINT'ING, n. The act of smearing with oil; a consecrating."], "anointment": ["ANOINT'MENT, n. The act of anointing, or state of being anointed."], "anon": ["ANON', adv.", "1. Quickly; without intermission: soon; immediately.", "The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it. Matt. 13.", "2. Sometimes; now and then; at other times; accompanied with ever, ever and anon."], "another": ["ANOTH'ER, a. an, or one and other.", "1. Not the same; different; as, we have one form of government; France, another.", "2. One more, in addition to a former number, indefinitely; as, grant one request, they will ask another favor, another and another.", "3. Any other; any different person, indefinitely; as, \"Let another praise thee and not thy own mouth.\" This word is often used without a noun, becoming a substitute for the name of the person or thing; as in the last example. It is also much used in opposition to one, as in the first and second passages cited. It is also frequently used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, \"love one another;\" \"bear one another's burdens;\" that is, love one, or let one love another."], "answer": ["'ANSWER, v.t. ansur.", "1. To speak in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration or argument of another person; as, \"I have called and ye have not answered.\" \"He answered the question or the argument.\" This may be in agreement and confirmation of what was said, or in opposition to it.", "2. To be equivalent to; to be adequate to, or sufficient to accomplish the object. \"Money answereth all things,\" noting, primarily, return.", "3. To comply with, fulfill, pay or satisfy; as, he answered my order; to answer a debt.", "4. To act in return, or opposition; as, the enemy answered our fire by a shower of grape shot.", "5. To bear a due proportion to; to be equal or adequate; to suit; as, a weapon does not answer the size and strength of the man using it; the success does not answer our expectation.", "6. To perform what was intended; to accomplish; as, the measure does not answer its end; it does not answer the purpose.", "7. To be opposite to; to face; as, fire answers fire.", "8. To write in reply; to reply to another writing, by way of explanation, refutation or justification; as, to answer a pamphlet.", "9. To solve, as a proposition or problem in mathematics.", "This word may be applied to a great variety of objects, expressing the idea of a return; as the notes, or sounds of birds, and other animals; an echo, &c.", "'ANSWER, v.i.", "1. To reply; to speak by way of return; as, there is none to answer. 1Kings 18.", "2. To be accountable, liable or responsible; followed by to before the person, and for before the thing for which one is liable; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money entrusted to his care; we can not answer to God for our offenses.", "3. To vindicate, or give a justificatory account of; followed by for; as, a man cannot answer for his friend.", "4. To correspond with; to suit with; followed by to.", "In water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Prov. 27.", "5. To act reciprocally, as the strings of an instrument to the hand.", "6. To stand as opposite or correlative; as, allegiance in the subject answers to protection on the part of the prince or government.", "7. To return, as sound reverberated; to echo.", "The noise seems to fly away, and answer at a great distance.", "8. To succeed; to effect the object intended; to have a good effect; as, gypsum answers as a manure on a dry soil."], "answerable": ["'ANSWERABLE, a.", "1. That may be answered; that to which a reply may be made, usually implying that the answer may be satisfactory; as, an answerable argument.", "2. Obliged to give an account, or liable to be called to account; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal.", "3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify or make good; as, to be answerable for a debt or for damages.", "4. Correspondent; agreeing with; in conformity with; as, the features expressed in a picture are answerable to the original.", "5. Suitable; suited; proportionate; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it.", "6. Equal; correspondent; proportionate; as, the success is answerable to my desires."], "answerableness": ["ANSWERABLENESS, n. The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent."], "answerably": ["ANSWERABLY, adv. In due proportion, correspondence or conformity; suitably; as, continents have rivers answerably larger than isles."], "answered": ["ANSWERED, pp. Replied to; fulfilled; paid; complied with; accomplished; solved; confuted."], "answerer": ["ANSWERER, n. One who answers; he or that which makes a return to what another has spoken; he who writes an answer."], "answering": ["'ANSWERING, ppr. Replying; corresponding to; fulfilling; solving; succeeding; reverberating; confuting."], "ant": ["AN'T, in old authors, is a contraction of an it, that is if it. See An."], "ante": ["AN'TE. A Latin preposition, Gr.; much used in the composition of English words, especially in words from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before in place, in front; hence opposite, contrary; and figuratively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally used in the sense of before, and the Greek, in that of opposite, or in the place of."], "antes": ["AN'TES, n. plu. L. Pillars of large dimensions that support the front of a building."], "antiquate": ["AN'TIQUATE, v.t. L. antiquo. See Antiquary.", "To make old, or obsolete; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use. Hence, when applied to laws or customs, it amounts to make void or abrogate.", "Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws and antiquate or abrogate old ones."], "antiquated": ["AN'TIQUATED, pp. Grown old; obsolete; out of use; having lost its binding force by non-observance; as an antiquated law."], "antiquation": ["ANTIQUA'TION, n. The state of being antiquated."], "antique": ["ANTIQUE, a. antee'k. L. antiquus, probably from ante.", "1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; in this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome; as an antique statue.", "2. Old, as it respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion, as an antique robe.", "3. Odd; wild; fanciful; more generally written antic.", "ANTIQUE, n. antee'k. In general, any thing very old; but in a more limited sense, the remains of ancient artists, as busts, statues, paintings and vases, the works of Grecian and Roman antiquity."], "antiqueness": ["ANTIQUENESS, n. antee'kness. The quality of being ancient; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship."], "antiquity": ["ANTIQ'UITY, n. L. antiquitas.", "1. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; a very indefinite term; as, Cicero was the most eloquent orator of antiquity.", "2. The ancients; the people of ancient times; as, the fact is admitted by all antiquity.", "Meaning that mankind are inclined to verify the predictions of antiquity.", "3. Ancientness; great age; the quality of being ancient; as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity.", "4. Old age; a ludicrous sense used by Shak.", "5. The remains of ancient times. In this sense it is usually or always plural. Antiquities comprehend all the remains of ancient times; all the monuments, coins, inscriptions, edifices, history and fragments of literature, offices, habiliments, weapons, manners, ceremonies; in short, whatever respects any of the ancient nations of the earth."], "anvil": ["AN'VIL, n. The Latin word incus, incudis,is formed by a like analogy fromin and cudo, to hammer, or shape.", "An iron block with a smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape their work.", "Figuratively, any thing on which blows are laid.", "To be on the anvil, is to be in a state of discussion, formation or preparation; as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. This figure bears an analogy to that is discussion, a shaking or beating."], "any": ["AN'Y, a. en'ny.", "1. One indefinitely.", "Nor knoweth any man the Father, save the Son. Math. 11.", "If a soul shall sin against any of the commandments.", "Lev. 4.", "2. Some; an indefinite number, plurally; for though the word is formed from one, it often refers to many. Are there any witnesses present? The sense seems to be a small, uncertain number.", "3. Some; an indefinite quantity; a small portion.", "Who will show us any good? Ps. 4.", "4. It is often used as a substitute, the person or thing being understood.", "And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have aught against any. Mark 11.", "If any lack wisdom, let him ask it of God. James 1.", "It is used in opposition to none. Have you any wheat to sell? I have none."], "apace": ["APA'CE, adv. a and pace.", "With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily; with haste; hastily; applied to things in motion or progression; as, birds fly apace; weeds grow apace."], "apart": ["AP'ART, adv. a and part; See Part.", "1. Separately; at a distance; in a state of separation, as to place.", "Jesus departed thence into a desert place apart. Math. 14.", "2. In a state of distinction, as to purpose, use or character.", "The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself.", "Ps. 4.", "3. Distinctly; separately; as, consider the two propositions apart.", "4. Aside; in exclusion of; as, apart from all regard to his morals, he is not qualified, in other respects, for the office he holds."], "apartment": ["AP'ARTMENT, n. See Part.", "A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions; a place separated by inclosure."], "ape": ["APE, n.", "1. A genus of quadrupeds, found in the torrid zone of both continents, of a great variety of species. In common use, the word extends to all the tribe of monkeys and baboons; but in zoology, ape is limited to such of these animals as have no tails; while those with short tails are called baboons, and those with long ones, monkeys. These animals have four cutting teeth in each jaw, and two canine teeth, with obtuse grinders. The feet are formed like hands, with four fingers and a thumb, and flat nails. Apes are lively, full of frolic and chatter, generally untamable, thieving and mischievous. They inhabit the forests, and live on fruits, leaves and insects.", "2. One who imitates servilely, in allusion to the manners of the ape; a silly fellow.", "APE, v.t. To imitate servilely; to mimic, as an ape imitates human actions. Weak persons are always prone to ape foreigners."], "apiece": ["APIE'CE, adv. a and piece.", "To each; noting the share of each; as here is an orange apiece."], "apollyon": ["APOL'LYON, n. Gr. destroying.", "The destroyer; a name used Rev. 9:11, for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon."], "apostle": ["APOS'TLE, n. L. apostalus; Gr. to send away, to sent.", "A person deputed to execute some important business; but appropriately, a disciple of Christ commissioned to preach the gospel. Twelve persons were selected by Christ for this purpose; and Judas, one of the number, proving an apostate, his place was supplied by Matthias. Acts 1.", "The title of apostle is applied to Christ himself, Heb. 3. In the primitive ages of the church, other ministers were called apostles, Rom. 16; as were persons sent to carry alms from one church to another, Philip. 2. This title was also given to persons who first planted the Christian faith. Thus Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France; and the Jesuit Missionaries are called apostles.", "Among the Jews, the title was given to officers who were sent into distant provinces, as visitors or commissioners, to see the laws observed.", "Apostle, in the Greek liturgy, is a book contained the epistles of St. Paul, printed in the order in which they are to be read in churches, through the year."], "apothecary": ["APOTH'ECARY, n. L. and Gr. apotheca, a repository, from to deposit or lay aside, or from a chest.", "1. One who practices pharmacy; one who prepares drugs for medicinal uses, and keeps them for sale. In England, apothecaries are obliged to prepare medicines according to the formulas prescribed by the college of physicians, and are liable to have their shops visited by the censors of the college, who have power to destroy medicines which are not good.", "2. In the middle ages, an apothecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse; and an officer appointed to take charge of a magazine."], "apparel": ["APPAR'EL, n. L. paro, apparo, to prepare; Heb. bara", "1. Clothing; vesture; garments; dress.", "2. External habiliments or decorations; appearance; as, religion appears in the natural apparel of simplicity.", "Glorious in apparel. Is. 63.", "3. The furniture of a ship, as sails, rigging, anchors, &c.", "APPAR'EL, v.t.", "1. To dress or clothe.", "They who are gorgeously appareled are in kings court.", "Luke 7.", "2. To adorn with dress.", "She did apparel her apparel.", "3. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to cover, as with garments; as, trees appareled with flowers; or a garden with verdure.", "4. To furnish with external apparatus; as ships appareled for sea."], "appareled": ["APPAR'ELED, pp. Dressed; clothed; covered as with dress; furnished."], "appareling": ["APPAR'ELING, ppr. Dressing; clothing; covering as with dress; furnishing."], "apparency": ["APPA'RENCY, n. Appearance. Not in use."], "apparent": ["APPA'RENT, a. See Appear.", "1. That may be seen, or easily seen; visible to the eye; within sight or view.", "2. Obvious; plain; evident; indubitable; as, the wisdom of the creator is apparent in his works.", "3. Visible, in opposition to hid or secret; as, a man's apparent conduct is good.", "4. Visible; appearing to the eye; seeming, in distinction from true or real, as the apparent motion or diameter of the sun.", "Heirs apparent are those whose right to an estate is indefeasible, if they survive the ancestor; in distinction from presumptive heirs, who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would inherit, but whose right is liable to be defeated by the birth of their children."], "apparently": ["APPA'RENTLY, adv.", "1. Openly; evidently; as, the goodness of God is apparently manifest in his works of providence.", "2. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart."], "appeal": ["APPE'AL, v.i. L. apello; ad and pello, to drive or send; Gr. We do not see the sense of call in pello, but to drive or press out, is the radical sense of calling, naming. This word coincides in elements with L. balo, Eng. bawl, and peal.", "1. To refer to a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause depending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower court.", "I appeal to Cesar. Acts. 21.", "2. To refer to another for the decision of a question controverted, or the counteraction of testimony or facts; as, I appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged.", "APPE'AL, v.t. To call or remove a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court. This may be done after trial and judgment in the lower court; or by special statute or agreement, a party may appeal before trial, upon a fictitious issue and judgment. We say the cause was appealed before or after trial.", "APPE'AL, v.t. In crimianal law, to charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a criminal prosecution, for some hainous offense; as, to appeal a person of felony. This process was anciently given to a private person to recover the weregild, or private pecuniary satisfaction for an injury he had received by the murder of a relation, or by some personal injury.", "APPE'AL, n.", "1. The removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior tribunal, as from a common pleas court to a superior or supreme court. Also the right of appeal.", "2. An accusation; a process instituted by a private person against a man for some hainous crime by which he has been injured, as for murder, larceny, mayhem.", "3. A summons to answer to a charge.", "4. A call upon a person; a reference to another for proof or decision.", "In an oath, a person makes an appeal to the Deity for the truth of his declaration.", "5. Resort; recourse.", "Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal to arms."], "appealable": ["APPE'ALABLE,", "1. That may be appealed; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable.", "2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; applied to persons; as, a criminal is appealable for manslaughter."], "appealant": ["APPE'ALANT, n. One who appeals. Not used."], "appealed": ["APPE'ALED, pp. Removed to a higher court, as a cause; prosecuted for a crime by a private person, as a criminal."], "appealer": ["APPE'ALER, n. One who appeals; an appellor."], "appealing": ["APPE'ALING, ppr. Removing a cause to a higher tribunal; prosecuting as a private person for an offense; referring to another for a decision."], "appear": ["APPE'AR, v.i. L. appareo, of ad and pareo, to appear, or be manifest.", "1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to be visible.", "The leprosy appeareth in the skin of the flesh. Lev. 13.", "And God said, Let the dry land appear. Gen. 1.", "2. To become visible to the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind; a sense frequent in scripture.", "The Lord appeared to Abram, and said. Gen 12.", "The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the midst of the bush. Ex. 3.", "3. To stand in presence of, as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be tried. The defendant, being called, did not appear.", "We must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ. 2Cor. 5.", "4. To be obvious; to be known, as a subject of observation or comprehension.", "Let thy work appear to thy servant. Ps. 90.", "It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1John 3.", "5. To be clear or made clear by evidence; as, this fact appears by ancient records.", "But sin that it might appear sin. Rom 7.", "6. To seem, in opposition to reality.", "They disfigure their faces, that they may appear to men to fast. Mat. 6.", "7. To be discovered, or laid open.", "That they shame may appear. Jer. 13.", "APPE'AR, n. Appearance. Obs."], "appearance": ["APPE'ARANCE, n.", "1. The act of coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me.", "2. The thing seen; a phenomenon; as an appearance in the sky.", "3. Semblance; apparent likeness.", "There was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire. Num. 9.", "4. External show; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality or substance; as, we are often deceived by appearances; he has the appearance of virtue.", "For man looketh on the outward appearance. 1Sam. 16.", "5. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; as, he made his first appearance at court or on the stage.", "6. Exhibition of the character; introduction of a person to the public in a particular character, as a person makes his appearance in the world, as a historian, an artist, or an orator.", "7. Probability; likelihood. This sense is rather an inference from the third or fourth; as probability is inferred from external semblance or show.", "8. Presence; mien; figure; as presented by the person, dress or manners; as, the lady made a noble appearance.", "9. A being present in court; a defendant's filing common or special bail to a process.", "10. An apparition."], "appearer": ["APPE'ARER, n. The person that appears."], "appearing": ["APPE'ARING, ppr. Coming in sight; becoming evident; making an external show; seeming; having the semblance.", "APPE'ARING, n. The act of becoming visible; appearance."], "appeasable": ["APPE'ASABLE, a. That may be appeased, quieted, calmed, or pacified."], "appeasableness": ["APPE'ASABLENESS, n. The quality of being appeasable."], "appease": ["APPE'ASE, v.t. s as z. L. pax. See Peace.", "To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; as, to appease the tumult of the ocean or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.", "This word is of a general application to every thing in a disturbed, ruffled or agitated state."], "appeased": ["APPE'ASED, pp. Quieted; calmed; stilled; pacified."], "appeasement": ["APPE'ASEMENT, n. The act of appeasing; the state of being in peace."], "appeaser": ["APPE'ASER, n. One who appeases, or pacifies."], "appeasive": ["APPE'ASIVE, a. Having the power to appease; mitigating; quieting."], "appertain": ["APPERTA'IN, v.i. L. ad and pertineo, to pertain, of per and teneo, to hold. Pertineo is to reach to, to extend to, hence to belong. See Tenant.", "To belong, whether by right, nature or appointment.", "Give it to him to whom it appertaineth. Lev. 6.", "See Pertain."], "appertaining": ["APPERTA'INING, pp. Belonging."], "appertainment": ["APPERTA'INMENT, n. That which belongs."], "appetite": ["AP'PETITE, n. L. appetitus, from appeto. See Appetence.", "1. The natural desire of pleasure or good; the desire of gratification, either of the body or of the mind. Appetites are passions directed to general objects, as the appetite for fame, glory or riches; in distinction from passions directed to some particular objects, which retain their proper name, as the passion of love, envy or gratitude. Passion does not exist without an object; natural appetites exist first, and are then directed to objects.", "2. A desire of food or drink; a painful sensation occasioned by hunger or thirst.", "3. Strong desire; eagerness or longing.", "4. The thing desired.", "Power being the natural appetite of princes.", "Appetites are natural or artificial. Hunger and thirst are natural appetites; the appetites for olives, tobacco, snuff, &c. are artificial.", "In old authors, appetite is followed by to, but regularly it should be followed by for before the object, as an appetite for pleasure.", "To be given to appetite, is to be voracious or gluttonous. Prov. 23:2."], "appetition": ["APPETI'TION, n. L. appetitio. Desire. Rarely used."], "appetitive": ["AP'PETITIVE, a. That desires; that has the quality of desiring gratification; as appetitive power or faculty."], "apple": ["AP'PLE, n.", "1. The fruit of the apple tree, pyrus malus, from which cider is made.", "2. The apple of the eye is the pupil.", "Apple of love, or love apple, the tomato, or lycopersicum, a species of Solanum. The stalk is herbaceous, with oval, pinnated leaves, and small yellow flowers. The berry is smooth, soft, of a yellow or reddish color, of the size of a plum. It is used in soups and broths.", "AP'PLE, v.t. To form like an apple."], "applied": ["APPLI'ED, pp. Put on; put to: directed; employed."], "apply": ["APPLY', v.t. L. applico, of ad and plico, to fold or knit together; Gr. to knit, or twist; Eng. ply, display, and employ.", "1. To lay on; to put one thing to another; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the body.", "2. To use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; as, to apply a sum of money to the payment of a debt.", "3. To put, refer or use, as suitable or relative to something; as, to apply the testimony to the case.", "4. To fix the mind; to engage and employ with attention; as, apply thy heart to instruction.", "5. To address or direct; as, \"Sacred vows applied to Pluto.\"", "6. To betake; to give the chief part of time and attention; as, to apply one's self to the study of botany. This is essentially the fourth sense.", "7. To make application; to have recourse by request; as, to apply one's self to a counsellor for advice. This is generally used intransitively; as, to apply to a counsellor.", "8. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. Obs.", "Superseded by ply, which see."], "applying": ["APPLY'ING, ppr. Laying on; making application."], "appoint": ["APPOINT', v.t.", "1. To fix; to settle; to establish; to make fast.", "When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Prov. 8.", "2. To constitute, ordain, or fix by decree, order or decision.", "Let Pharoah appoint officers over the land. Gen. 41.", "He hath appointed a day in which he will judge the world. Act. 17.", "3. To allot, assign or designate.", "Aaron and his sons shall appoint every one to his service. Num 4.", "These cities were appointed for all the children of Israel. Josh. 20.", "4. To purpose or resolve; to fix the intention.", "For so he had appointed. Acts 20.", "5. To ordain, command or order.", "Thy servants are ready to do whatever my Lord the King shall appoint. 2Sam. 15.", "6. To settle; to fix, name or determine by agreement; as, they appointed a time and place for the meeting."], "appointable": ["APPOINT'ABLE, a. That may be appointed or constituted; as, officers are appointable by the Executive."], "appointed": ["APPOINT'ED, pp.", "1. Fixed; set; established; decreed; ordained; constituted; allotted.", "2. Furnished; equipped with things necessary; as, a ship or an army is well appointed."], "appointer": ["APPOINT'ER, n. One who appoints."], "appointing": ["APPOINT'ING, ppr. Setting; fixing; ordaining; constituting; assigning."], "appointment": ["APPOINT'MENT, n.", "1. The act of appointing; designation to office; as, he erred by the appointment of suitable men.", "2. Stipulation; assignation; the act of fixing by mutual agreement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six o'clock.", "3. Decree; established order or constitution; as, it is our duty to submit to the divine appointments.", "4. Direction; order; command.", "Wheat, salt, wine and oil, let it be given according to the appointment of the priests. Ez. 6.", "5. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship, or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management.", "6. An allowance to a person; a salary or pension, as to a public officer.", "An appointment differs from wages, in being a special grant, or gratification, not fixed, whereas wages are fixed and ordinary.", "7. A devise or grant to a charitable use."], "apprehend": ["APPREHEND', v.t. L. apprehendo, of ad and prehendo, to take or seize.", "1. To take or seize; to take hold of. In this literal sense, it is applied chiefly to taking or arresting persons by legal process, or with a view to trial; as to apprehend a thief.", "2. To take with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mine; to understand, without passing a judgment, or making an inference.", "I apprehend not why so many and various laws are given.", "3. To think; to believe or be of opinion, but without positive certainty; as, all this is true, but we apprehend it is not to the purpose.", "Notwithstanding this declaration, we do not apprehend that we are guilty of presumption.", "4. To fear; to entertain suspicion or fear of future evil; as, we apprehend calamities from a feeble or wicked administration."], "apprehended": ["APPREHEND'ED, pp. Taken; seized; arrested; conceived; understood; feared."], "apprehender": ["APPREHEND'ER, n. One who takes; one who conceives in his mind; one who fears."], "apprehending": ["APPREHEND'ING, ppr. Seizing; taking; conceiving; understanding; fearing."], "approach": ["APPROACH, v.i. The Latin proximus contains the root, but the word, in the positive degree, is not found in the Latin. It is from a root in class Brg, signifying to drive, move, or press toward.", "1. To come or go near, in place; to draw near; to advance nearer.", "Wherefore approached ye so nigh the city? 2Sam. 11.", "2. To draw near in time.", "And so much the more as ye see the day approac. Heb. 10.", "3. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to advance near to a point aimed at, in science, literature, government, morals, &c.; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman.", "4. To draw near in duty, as in prayer or worship.", "They take delight in approaching to God. Isiah. 51.", "APPROACH, v.t.", "1. To come near to; as, Pope approaches Virgil in smoothness of versification. This use of the word is elliptical, to being omitted, so that the verb can hardly be said to be transitive. The old use of the word, as \"approach the hand to the handle,\" is not legitimate.", "2. To have access carnally. Lev. 18.", "3. In gardening, to ingraft a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock.", "APPROACH, n", "1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near; as, he was aprised of the enemy's approach.", "2. Access; as, the approach to kings.", "3. In fortification, not only the advances of an army are called approaches, but the works thrown up by the beseigers, to protect them in their advances towards a fortress."], "approachable": ["APPROACHABLE, a. That may be approached; accessible."], "approacher": ["APPROACHER, n. One who approaches or draws near."], "approaching": ["APPROACHING, ppr. Drawing nearer; advancing nearer."], "approachment": ["APPROACHMENT, n. The act of coming near. Little used."], "approvable": ["APPROV'ABLE, a. See Approve.", "That may be approved; that merits approbation."], "approval": ["APPROV'AL, n. Approbation. See Approve."], "approvance": ["APPROV'ANCE, n. Approbation. See Approve."], "approve": ["APPROVE', v.t. L. approbo; of ad and probo, to prove or approve. See Approbate, Prove and Proof.", "1. To like; to be pleased with; to admit the propriety of; as, we approve the measures of administration. This word may include, with the assent of the mind to the propriety, a commendation to others.", "2. To prove; to show to be true; to justify.", "Would'st thou approve thy constancy? Approve first thy wisdom.", "This sense, though common a century or two ago, is now rare.", "3. To experience; to prove by trial. Not used. See Prove.", "4. To make or show to be worthy of approbation; to commend.", "Jesus, a man approved of God. Acts 2.", "This word seems to include the idea of Christ's real office as the Messiah, and of God's love and approbation of him in that character.", "5. To like and sustain as right; to commend.", "Yet their posterity approve their sayings. Ps. 49.", "This word, when it signifies to be pleased, is often followed by of, in which use, it is intransitive; as, I approve of the measure. But the tendency of modern usage is to omit of. \"I approve the measure.\"", "6. To improve."], "approved": ["APPROV'ED, pp. Liked; commended; shown or proved to be worthy of approbation; having the approbation and support of.", "Study to show thyself approved to God. 2Tim. 2.", "Not he that commendeth himself is approved. 2Cor. 10."], "approvement": ["APPROVE'MENT, n.", "1. Approbation; liking.", "2. In law, when a person indicated for felony or treason, and arraigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and appeals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to obtain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called approvement, and the person an approver.", "3. Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry."], "approver": ["APPROV'ER, n.", "1. One who approves. Formerly one who proves or makes trial.", "2. In law, one who confesses a crime and accuses another. See Approvement. Also, formerly, one who had the letting of the king's domains in small manors. In Stat. 1. Edw. 3. C. 8, sheriffs are called approvers. A bailiff or steward of a manor."], "approving": ["APPROV'ING, ppr. Liking; commending; giving or expressing approbation.", "APPROV'ING, a. Yielding approbation; as an approving conscience."], "apron": ["A'PRON, n.", "1. A cloth or piece of leather worn on the forepart of the body, to keep the clothes clean, or defend them from injury.", "2. The fat skin covering the belly of a goose.", "3. In gunnery, a flat piece of lead that covers the vent of a cannon.", "4. In ships, a piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.", "5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, on which the dock gates are shut.", "6. A piece of lether or other thing to be spread before a person riding in a gig, chaise or sulky, to defend him from rain, snow or dust."], "aproned": ["A'PRONED, a. Wearing an apron."], "apt": ["APT, a. L. aptus, from apto, to fit. Gr. to tie.", "1. Fit; suitable; as, he used very apt metaphors.", "2. Having a tendency; liable; used of things; as, wheat on moist land is apt to blast or be winter-killed.", "3. Inclined; disposed customarily; used of persons; as, men are too apt to slander others.", "4. Ready; quick; used of the mental powers; as, a pupil apt to learn; an opt wit.", "5. Qualified; fit.", "All the men of might, strong and apt for war. 2Kings 24.", "APT, v.t. To fit; to suit or adapt. Obs."], "aptness": ["APT'NESS, n.", "1. Fitness; suitableness; as, the aptness of things to their end.", "2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example.", "3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others.", "4. Tendency, in things; as, the aptness of iron to rust."], "aquila": ["AQ'UILA, n. L. whence aquilinus.", "In ornithology, the eagle. Also a northern constellation containing, according to the British catalogue, 71 stars."], "arabian": ["ARA'BIAN, a. See the noun. Pertaining to Arabia.", "ARA'BIAN, n. Arab denotes a wanderer, or a dweller in a desert. A native of Arabia; an Arab."], "arabic": ["AR'ABIC, a. Belonging to Arabia, or the language of its inhabitants.", "AR'ABIC, n. The language of the Arabians."], "arabically": ["ARAB'ICALLY, adv. In the Arabian manner."], "arabism": ["AR'ABISM, n. An Arabic idiom or peculiarity of language."], "aramism": ["AR'AMISM, n. An idiom of the Aramean or Chaldee language; a Chaldaism."], "araneous": ["ARA'NEOUS, a. L. aransea, a spider, or cobweb. Resembling a cobweb."], "arbiter": ["'ARBITER, n. L.", "1. A person appointed, or chosen by parties in controversy, to decide their differences. This is its sense in the civil law. In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word.", "2. In a general sense, now most common, a person who has the power of judging and determining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.", "3. One that commands the destiny, or holds the empire of a nation or state."], "arch": ["'ARCH, n. See Arc.", "1. A segment or part of a circle. A concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported by its own curve. It may be constructed of wood, and supported by the mechanism of the work. This species of structure is much used in bridges.", "A vault is properly a board arch.", "2. The space between two piers of a bridge, when arched; or any place covered with an arch.", "3. Any curvature, in form of an arch.", "4. The vault of heaven, or sky.", "Triumphal arches are magnificent structures at the entrance of cities, erected to adorn a triumph and perpetuate the memory of the event.", "'ARCH, v.t. To cover with an arch; to form with a curve; as to arch a gate."], "arched": ["'ARCHED, pp. Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch."], "arching": ["'ARCHING, ppr. Forming an arch; covering with an arch.", "'ARCHING, a. Curving like an arch."], "archness": ["'ARCHNESS, n. Cunning; shrewdness; waggishness."], "archangel": ["ARCHAN'GEL, n.", "1. An angel of the highest order; an angel occupying the eighth rank in the celestiai hierarchy.", "2. The name of several plants, as the dead-nettle, or lamium; a species of melittis; and the galeopsis or hedge-nettle."], "archangelic": ["ARCHANGEL'IC, a. Belonging to archangels."], "archer": ["'ARCHER, n. See Arch and Arc.", "A bowman; one who uses a bow in battle; one who is skilled in the use of the bow and arrow."], "arcturus": ["ARCTU'RUS, n. Gr. a bear, and tail. A fixed star of the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes."], "ard": ["'ARD, The termination of many English words. We observe it in Goddard, a divine temper; Giffard, a disposition to give, liberality; Bernard, flial affection; standard, drunkard, dotard, &c."], "are": ["ARE. The plural of the substantive verb; but a different word from be, am or was. It is usually pronounced ar."], "arrest": ["ARREST', v.t. L. resto, to stop; Eng. to rest. See Rest.", "1. To obstruct; to stop; to check or hinder motion; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses.", "2. To take, seize or apprehend by virtue of a warrant from authority; as, to arrest one for debt or for a crime.", "3. To seize and fix; as, to arrest the eyes or attention.", "The appearance of such a person in the world, and at such a period, ought to arrest the consideration of every thinking mind.", "ARREST', n.", "1. The taking or apprehending of a person by virtue of a warrant from authority. An arrest is made by seizing or touching the body.", "2. Any seizure, or taking by power, physical or moral.", "3. A stop, hindrance or restraint.", "4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the staying or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes assigned. Courts have power to arrest judgment for intrinsic causes appearing upon the face of the record; as when the declaration varies from the original writ; when the verdict differs materially from the pleadings; or when the case laid in the declaration is not sufficient in point of law, to found an action upon. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.", "5. A mangy humor between the ham and pastern of the hind legs of a horse."], "areopagite": ["AREOP'AGITE, n. A member of the Areopagus, which see.", "Acts 17:34."], "areopagitic": ["AREOPAGIT'IC, a. Pertaining to the Areopagus."], "areopagus": ["AREOP'AGUS, n. Gr. Mars, and hills.", "A sovereign tribunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality of its decisions. It was originally held on a hill in the city; but afterward removed to the Royal Portico, an open square, where the judges sat in the open air, inclosed by a cord. Their sessions were in the night, that they might not be diverted by objects of sight, or influenced by the presence and action of the speakers. By a law of Solon, no person could be a member of this tribunal, until he had been archon or chief magistrate. This court took cognizance of high crimes, impiety and immorality, and watched over the laws and the public treasury."], "argue": ["'ARGUE, v.i. L. arguo, to show, argue, accuse or convict.", "1. To reason; to invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion or measure; as, A argues in favor of a measure; B argues against it.", "2. To dispute; to reason with; followed by with; as, you may argue with your friend, a week, without convincing him.", "'ARGUE, v.t.", "1. To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel argued the cause before the supreme court; the cause was well argued.", "2. To prove or evince; to manifest by inference or deduction; or to show reasons for; as, the order visible in the universe argues a divine cause.", "3. To persuade by reasons; as, to argue a man into a different opinion.", "4. Formerly, to accuse or charge with; a Latin sense, now obsolete; as, to argue one of profaneness."], "argued": ["'ARGUED, pp. Debated; discussed; evinced; accused."], "arguing": ["'ARGUING, ppr. Inventing and offering reasons; disputing; discussing; evincing; accusing.", "'ARGUING, n. Reasoning; argumentation.", "What doth your arguing reprove? Job 6."], "argus": ["'ARGUS, n. A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard Io. The origin of this being may perhaps be found in the Teutonic word arg, crafty, cunning, of which the hundred eyes are symbolical."], "argument": ["'ARGUMENT, n. L. argumentum.", "1. A reason offered for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure; a reason offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; followed by for or against.", "2. In logic, an inference drawn from premises, which are indisputable, or at least of probable truth.", "3. The subject of a discourse or writing.", "4. An abstract or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects.", "5. A debate or discussion; a series of reasoning; as, an argument was had before the court, in which argument, all the reasons were urged.", "6. In astronomy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch, proportional to the first."], "argumental": ["ARGUMENT'AL, a. Belonging to argument; consisting in argument."], "argumentation": ["ARGUMENTA'TION, n. Reasoning; the act of reasoning; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion. The operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true."], "argumentative": ["ARGUMENT'ATIVE, a.", "1. Consisting of argument; containing a process of reasoning; as an argumentative discourse.", "2. Showing reasons for; as, the adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator."], "argumentatively": ["ARGUMENT'ATIVELY, adv. In an argumentative manner."], "aright": ["ARI'GHT, adv. a and right.", "Rightly; in a right form; without mistake or crime."], "arise": ["ARI'SE, v.i. s as z pret. arose; pp. arisen; Heb.", "1. To ascend, mount up or move to a higher place; as, vapors arise from humid places.", "2. To emerge from below the horizon; as, the sun or a star arises or rises.", "3. To get out of bed; to leave the place or state of rest; or to leave a sitting or lying posture.", "The king arose early and went to the den. Dan. 6.", "4. To begin; to spring up; to originate.", "A persecution arose about Stephen. Act. 11.", "5. To revive from death; to leave the grave.", "Many bodies of saints arose. Math. 27.", "Figuratively, to wake from a state of sin and stupidity; to repent.", "Arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee life.", "Eph. 5.", "6. To begin to act; to exert power; to move from a state of inaction.", "7. To appear, or become known; to become visible, sensible or operative.", "To you shall the sun of righteousness arise. Math. 4.", "8. To be put in motion; to swell or be agitated; as, the waves arose.", "9. To be excited or provoked; as, the wrath of the king shall arise.", "10. To emerge from poverty, depression or distress.", "By whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small. Amos 7.", "11. To appear in a particular character; to enter upon an office.", "There arose a new king who knew not Joseph. Ex. 1.", "12. To begin sedition, insurrection, or mutiny; as, the men arose, or rose upon their officers.", "13. To invade, assault or begin hostility; followed by against.", "When he arose against me, I caught him by the beard.", "1Sam. 17.", "In this sense, the word against really belongs to the verb, and is necessary to give it this meaning. See Rise, another form of this verb, which has the same signification, and is more generally used in popular language."], "arising": ["ARI'SING, ppr. Ascending; moving upward; originating or proceeding; getting up; springing up; appearing."], "ark": ["'ARK, n. L. arca.", "1. A small close vessel, chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of the tables of the covenant among the Jews. This was about three feet nine inches in length. The lid was the propitiatory, or mercy seat, over which were the cherubs. The vessel in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark of bulrushes.", "2. The large floating vessel, in which Noah and his family were preserved, during the deluge.", "3. A depository.", "Arise, O Lord, into thy rest, thou and the ark of thy strength. Ps. 132.", "4. A large boat used on American rivers, to transport produce to market."], "arkite": ["'ARKITE, n. A term used by Bryant to denote one of the persons who were preserved in the ark; or who, according to pagan fables, belonged to the ark.", "'ARKITE, a. Belonging to the ark."], "arm": ["'ARM, n. L. armus, an arm, a shoulder, a wing; armus is directly from the Gr. a joint, it would seem to be formed from Gr. to fit.", "1. The limb of the human body, which extends from the shoulder to the hand.", "2. The branch of a tree, or the slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. The limbs of animals are also sometimes called arms.", "3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea.", "4. Figuratively, power, might, strength; as the secular arm. In this sense the word is often used in the scriptures.", "To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed. Isa. 53.", "'ARM, v.t. L. armo; arma.", "1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense, or defense; as, to arm the militia.", "2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, or security; as, to arm the hilt of a sword.", "3. To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify.", "Arm yourselves with the same mind. 1Pet. 4.", "'ARM, v.i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms; as, the nations arm for war.", "This verb is not really intransitive in this use, but reciprocal, the pronoun being omitted. The nations arm - for, the nations arm themselves."], "armed": ["'ARMED, pp.", "1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security; fortified, in a moral sense.", "2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a different color from the rest of the body.", "3. Capped and cased as the load stone; that is set in iron.", "An armed ship is one which is taken into the service of government for a particular occasion, and armed like a ship of war."], "armful": ["'ARMFUL, n. As much as the arms can hold."], "arming": ["'ARMING, ppr. Equipping with arms; providing with the means of defense or attack; also, preparing for resistance in a moral sense."], "armings": ["'ARMINGS, n. The same as waist-clothes, hung about a ship's upper works."], "arms": ["'ARMS, n. plu. L. arma.", "1. Weapons of offense, or armor for defense and protection of the body.", "2. War; hostility.", "Arms and the man I sing.", "To be in arms, to be in a state of hostility, or in a military life.", "To arms is a phrase which denotes a taking arms for war or hostility; particularly, a summoning to war.", "To take arms, is to arm for attack or defense.", "Bred to arms denotes that a person has been educated to the profession of a soldier.", "3. The ensigns armorial of a family; consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, &c., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.", "4. In law, arms are any thing which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another.", "5. In botany, one of the seven species of fulcra or props of plants, enumerated by Linne and others. The different species of arms or armor, are prickles, thorns, forks and stings, which seem intended to protect the plants from injury by animals.", "Sire arms, are such as may be charged with powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c.", "A stand of arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and belt, with a sword. But for common soldiers a sword is not necessary.", "In falconry, arms are the legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot."], "armenia": ["ARME'NIA, a. Pertaining to Armenia, a country and formerly, a kingdom, in Asia, divided into Major and Minor. The greater Armenia is now called Turcomania."], "armhole": ["'ARMHOLE, n. arm and hole.", "1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the armpit.", "2. A hole for the arm in a garment."], "army": ["'ARMY, n.", "1. A collection or body of men armed for war, and organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades and divisions, under proper officers. In general, an army in modern times consists of infantry and cavalry, with artillery; although the union of all is not essential to the constitution of an army. Among savages, armies are differently formed.", "2. A great number; a vast multitude; as an army of locusts or caterpillars. Joel 2:25."], "arose": ["ARO'SE, The past or preterit tense of the verb, to arise."], "array": ["ARRA'Y, n.", "1. Order; disposition in regular lines; as an army in battle array. Hence a posture of defense.", "2. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person.", "3. In law, the act of impaneling a jury; or a jury impaneled; that is, a jury set in order by the sheriff, or called man by man.", "Commission of array, in English history, was a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war.", "ARRA'Y, v.t.", "1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle.", "2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; it is applied especially to dress of a splendid kind.", "Array thyself with glory. Job 40.", "Pharaoh arrayed Joseph with fine linen. Gen.41.", "3. To set a jury in order for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.", "4. To envelop.", "In gelid caves with horrid glooms arrayed."], "arrayed": ["ARRA'YED, pp. Set in order, or in lines; arranged in order for attack or defense; dressed; adorned by dress; impaneled, as a jury; enveloped."], "arraying": ["ARRA'YING, ppr. Setting in order; putting on splendid raiment; impaneling."], "arrival": ["ARRI'VAL, n.", "1. The coming to, or reaching a place, from a distance, whether by water, as in its original sense, or by land.", "2. The attainment or gaining of any object, by effort, agreement, practice or study."], "arrivance": ["ARRI'VANCE, n.", "1. Company coming. Not used.", "2. Arrival; a reading in progress. Obs."], "arrive": ["ARRI'VE, v.i. L. ripa.", "1. Literally, to come to the shore, or bank. Hence to come to or reach in progress by water, followed by at. We arrived at Havre De Grace, July 10, 1924. N.W.", "2. To come to or reach by traveling on land; as, the post arrives at 7 o'clock.", "3. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass by effort, practice, study, enquiry, reasoning or experiment; as, to arrive at an unusual degree of excellence or wickedness; to arrive at a conclusion.", "4. To happen or occur.", "He to whom this glorious death arrives.", "ARRI'VE, v.t. To reach. Not in use."], "arriving": ["ARRI'VING, ppr. Coming to, or reaching by water or land; gaining by research, effort or study."], "arrogance": ["AR'ROGANCE, n. L. arrogantia, from arrogo, to claim; of ad and rogo, to beg, or desire. See Arrogate.", "The act or quality of taking much upon one's self; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; conceitedness; presumption.", "I will cause the arrogance of the proud to cease. Is. 13. 1Sam. 2. Pov. 8."], "arrogancy": ["AR'ROGANCY, n. Arrogance. This orthography is less usual."], "arrogant": ["AR'ROGANT, a.", "1. Assuming; making or having the disposition to make exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; haughty; conceited; applied to persons.", "2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims of self importance; applied to things; as arrogant pretensions or behavior."], "arrogantly": ["AR'ROGANTLY, adv. In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self importance."], "arrogantness": ["AR'ROGANTNESS, n. Arrogance. Little used."], "arrogate": ["AR'ROGATE, v.t. L. arrogo, of ad and rogo.", "To assume, demand or challenge more than is proper; to make undue claims, from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit; as, the Pope arrogated dominion over kings."], "arrogated": ["AR'ROGATED, pp. Claimed by undue pretensions."], "arrogating": ["AR'ROGATING, ppr. Challenging or claiming more power or respect than is just or reasonable."], "arrogation": ["ARROGA'TION, n. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to."], "arrogative": ["AR'ROGATIVE, a. Assuming or making undue claims and pretensions."], "arrow": ["AR'ROW, n.", "1. A missive weapon of offense, straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a bow.", "2. In scripture, the arrows of God are the apprehensions of his wrath, which pierce and pain the conscience. Job 6. Ps. 38. In a like figurative manner, arrows represent the judgments of God, as thunder, lightning, tempests and famine. 2Sam. 22.", "Ez. 5. Hab. 3. The word is used also for slanderous words and malicious purposes of evil men. Ps. 11. Prov. 25. Jer. 9. Ps. 64."], "art": ["'ART, The second person, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive veb am."], "artful": ["ARTFUL, a. See Art.", "1. Performed with art or skill.", "2. Artificial, as opposed to natural", "3. Cunning; practicing art, or stratagem; crafty; as an artful boy. This is the most usual sense.", "4. Proceeding from art or craft; as an artful scheme."], "artfulness": ["'ARTFULNESS, n. Art; craft; cunning; address."], "artifice": ["'ARTIFICE, n. L. artificium, from ars, art, and facio, to make.", "1. Stratagem; an artful or ingenious device, in a good or bad sense. In a bad sense, it corresponds with trick, or fraud.", "2. Art; trade; skill acquired by science or practice. Rarely used."], "artificer": ["ARTIF'ICER, n. L. artifex, from ars, and facio.", "1. An artist; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind; as a silversmith, or sadler.", "2. One who makes or contrives; an inventor; as an artificer of fraud or lies.", "3. A cunning, or artful fellow. not used."], "artillery": ["ARTIL'LERY, n. This word has no plural.", "1. In a general sense, offensive weapons of war. Hence it was formerly used for bows and arrows.", "And Jonathan gave his artillery to his lad. 1Sam. 20.", "But in present usage, appropriately,", "2. Canon; great guns; ordinance, including guns, mortars and grenades, with their furniture of carriages, balls, bombs and shot of all kinds.", "3. In a more extended sense, the word includes powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses that belong to a train of artillery.", "4. The men who manage cannon and mortars, including matrosses, gunners, bombardiers, cannoniers, or by whatever name they are called, with the officers, engineers and persons who supply the artillery with implements and materials."], "as": ["AS, adv. az. Gr. But more probably the English word is contracted from als.", "1. Literally, like; even; similar. \"Ye shall be as Gods, knowing good and evil.\" \"As far as we can see,\" that is, like far, equally far. Hence it may be explained by in like manner; as, do as you are commanded.", "2. It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs.", "The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of examination.", "3. It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs.", "He lies, as he his bliss did know.", "4. While; during; at the same time. \"He trembled as he spoke.\" But in most of its uses, it is resolvable into like, equal, even, or equally, in like manner. In some phrases, it must be considered a nominative word, or other words must be supplied. \"Appoint to office such men as deserve public confidence.\" This phrase may be elliptical for \"such men as those who deserve public confidence.\"", "As seems, in some cases, to imply the sense of proportion. \"In general, men are more happy, as they are less involved in public concerns.\"", "As, in a subsequent part of a sentence, answers to such; give us such things as you please; and in a preceding part of a sentence, has so to answer to it; as with the people, so with the priest.", "AS, n. L.", "1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering to the libra or pound.", "2. A Roman coin, originally of a pound weight; but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and by the Papirian law, to half an ounce. It was originally stamped with the figure of a sheep, sow, or ox; and afterwards with a Janus, on one side, and on the reverse, a rostrum or prow of a ship.", "3. An integer; a whole or single thing. Hence the English ace. Hence the Romans used the word for the whole inheritance; haeres ex asse, an heir to the whole estate."], "asa": ["ASA, A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum. See Ooze."], "ascend": ["ASCEND', v.i. L. ascendo, from scando, to mount or climb.", "1. To move upwards; to mount; to go up; to rise, whether in air or water, or upon a material object.", "2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, &c.", "3. To proceed from modern to ancient times; to recur to former ages; as, our inquiries ascend to the remotest antiquity.", "4. In a corresponding sense, to proceed in a line towards ancestors; as, to ascend to our first progenitors.", "5. To rise as a star; to proceed or come above the horizon.", "6. In music, to rise in vocal utterance; to pass from any note to one more acute.", "ASCEND', v.t. To go or move upwards upon, as to ascend a hill or ladder; or to climb, as to ascend a tree."], "ascendable": ["ASCEND'ABLE, a. That may be ascended."], "ascendant": ["ASCEND'ANT, n.", "1. Superiority or commanding influence; as, one man has the ascendant over another.", "2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy, or degrees of kindred; opposed to descendant.", "3. Height; elevation. Little used.", "4. In astrology, that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. That part of the ecliptic at any particular time above the horizon, supposed to have influence on a person's life and fortune.", "ASCEND'ANT, a.", "1. Superior; predominant; surpassing.", "2. In astrology, above the horizon."], "ascended": ["ASCEND'ED, pp. or a. Risen; mounted up; gone to heaven."], "ascendency": ["ASCEND'ENCY, n. Power; governing or controlling influence.", "Custom has an ascendency over the understanding."], "ascending": ["ASCEND'ING, ppr. Rising; moving upwards; proceeding from the less to the greater; proceeding from modern to ancient, from grave to more acute. A star is said to be ascending, when rising above the horizon, in any parallel of the equator.", "Ascending latitude is the latitude of a planet, when moving towards the North pole.", "Ascending node is that point of a planet's orbit, wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called the northern node.", "Ascending vessels, in anatomy, are those which carry the blood upward or toward the superior parts of the body."], "ascent": ["ASCENT', n. L. ascensus.", "1. The act of rising; motion upwards, whether in air, water or other fluid, or on elevated objects; rise; a mounting upwards; as the ascent of vapors from the earth.", "2. The way by which one ascends; the means of ascending.", "3. An eminence, hill or high place.", "4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; as, a road has an ascent of five degrees.", "5. Acclivity; the rise of a hill; as a steep ascent."], "ascribable": ["ASCRI'BABLE, a. See Ascribe. That may be ascribed or attributed."], "ascribe": ["ASCRI'BE, v.t. L. ascribo, of ad and scribo, to write.", "1. To attribute, impute, or set to, as to a cause; to assign, as effect to a cause; as, losses are often to be ascribed to imprudence.", "2. To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or allege to belong; as, to ascribe perfection to God, or imperfection to man. Job 36. Ps. 68. 1Sam. 18."], "ascribed": ["ASCRI'BED, pp. Attributed or imputed; considered or alleged, as belonging."], "ascribing": ["ASCRI'BING, ppr. Attributing; imputing; alleging to belong."], "ash": ["ASH, n.", "1. A well known tree, of which there are many species. There is no hermaphrodite calyx, or it is quadripartite; and no corol, or it is tetrapetalous. There are two stamens; one pistil; one seed, contained in a membranous, lanceolate capsule, and the pistil of the female flower is lanceolate. The leaves are pinnate, and the capsules grow in cluster. This wood is valuable, for fuel, as well as for timber; and the tree, when it grows in an open field, often forms, with its branches, a beautiful oval figure and a thick shade.", "2. The wood of the ash tree.", "ASH, a. Pertaining to or like the ash; made of ash."], "ashes": ["ASH'ES, n. plu. Without the singular number.", "1. The earthy particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion; as of wood or coal.", "2. The remains of the human body when burnt. Hence figuratively, a dead body or corpse.", "3. In scripture, ashes is used to denote vileness, meanness, frailty, or humiliation.", "I who am but dust and ashes. Gen 18.", "I abhor myself and repent in dust and ashes. Job 42."], "ashame": ["ASHA'ME, v.t. To shame. Not used."], "ashamed": ["ASHA'MED, a.", "1. Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt or a conviction of some criminal action or indecorous conduct, or by the exposure of some gross errors or misconduct, which the person is conscious must be wrong, and which tends to impair his honor or reputation. It is followed by of.", "Thou shalt remember thy ways, and be ashamed. Ex. 16.", "Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel. Hosea 10.", "2. Confused by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority; by the mortification of pride; by failure or disappointment.", "They shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in images.", "Isa. 42.", "This adjective always follows its noun."], "aside": ["ASI'DE, ad. a and side. See Side.", "1. On or to one side; out of a perpendicular or straight direction.", "2. At a little distance from the main part or body.", "Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2Kings 4.", "3. From the body; as, to put or lay aside a garment.", "John 13.", "4. From the company; at a small distance or in private; as when speakers utter something by themselves, upon the stage.", "5. Separate from the person, mind or attention; in a state of abandonment.", "Let us lay aside every weight. Heb. 12.", "6. Out of the line of rectitude or propriety, in a moral view.", "They are all gone aside. Ps. 14.", "7. In a state of separation to a particular use; as, to set aside a thing for a future day.", "To set aside, in judicial proceedings, is to defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of a superior tribunal; as, to set aside a verdict or a judgment."], "ask": ["'ASK, v.t. Gr. In former times, the English word was pronounced ax, as in the royal style of assenting to bills in Parliament. \"Be it as it is axed.\"", "1. To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; with of before the person to whom the request is made.", "Ask counsel of God. Judges 18.", "2. To require, expect or claim.", "To whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more. Luke 12.", "3. To interrogate, or inquire; to put a question, with a view to an answer.", "He is of age, ask him. John 9.", "4. To require, or make claim.", "Ask me never so much dowry. Gen. 34. Dan. 2.", "5. To claim, require or demand, as the price or value of a commodity; to set a price; as, what price do you ask?", "6. To require, as physically necessary.", "The exigence of a state asks a much longer time to conduct the design to maturity.", "This sense is nearly or entirely obsolete; ask being superseded by require and demand.", "7. To invite; as, to ask guests to a wedding or entertainment; ask my friend to step into the house.", "'ASK, v.i.", "1. To request or petition, followed by for; as, ask for bread; or without for.", "Ask and it shall be given you. Mat. 7.", "2. to inquire, or seek by request; sometimes followed by after.", "Wherefore dost thou ask after my name? Gen. 32.", "This verb can hardly be considered as strictly intransitive, for some person or object is always understood.", "Ask is not equivalent to demand, claim, and require, at least, in modern usage; much less, is it equivalent to beg and beseech. The first three words, demand, claim, require, imply a right or supposed right in the person asking, to the thing requested; and beseech implies more urgency, than ask. Ask and request imply no right, but suppose the thing desired to be a favor. The French demander is correctly rendered by ask, rather than by deman."], "asked": ["'ASKED, pp. Requested; petitioned; questioned; interrogated."], "asking": ["'ASKING, ppr.", "1. Requesting; petitioning; interrogating; inquiring.", "2. Silently expressing request or desire.", "Explain the asking eye."], "asleep": ["ASLEE'P, a. or adv. a and sleep.", "1. sleeping; in a state of sleep; at rest.", "Sisera was fast asleep. Judges 4.", "2. To a state of sleep; as to fall asleep.", "3. Dead; in a state of death.", "Concerning them who are asleep, sorrow not. 1Thes. 4.", "4. To death.", "For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue. 2Pet. 3."], "ass": ["'ASS, n. L. asinus; Gr. an ear.", "1. A quadruped of the equine genus. This animal has long slouching ears, a short mane, and a tail covered with long hairs at the end. He is usually of an ash color, with a black bar across the shoulders. The tame or domestic ass is patient to stupidity, and carries a heavy burden. He is slow, but very sure footed, and for this reason very useful on rough steep hills.", "2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt."], "assai": ["ASS'AI, A term in music; added to a word signifying slow, it denotes a little quicker; and to a word signifying quick, it denotes a little slower."], "assay": ["ASSA'Y, n. L. sequor; assequor, to follow, to examine. See Essay.", "1. The trial of the goodness, purity, weight, value, &c. of metals or metallic substances. Any operation or experiement for ascertaining the quantity of a precious metal in an ore or mineral. Analysis is a term of more comprehensive import, extending to an examination of the nature and quantities of all parts of the compound.", "2. In law, an examination of weights and measures by the standard.", "3. Examination; trial; effort; first entrance upon any business; attempt. In these senses, which are found in old authors, now rarely used. See Essay.", "4. Value; great purity. Obs.", "ASSA'Y, v.t.", "1. To try or prove, by examination or experiment, the quantity and purity of metallic substances.", "2. To apply to the touchstone."], "assayed": ["ASSA'YED, pp. Examined; tested; proved by experiment."], "assaying": ["ASSA'YING, ppr. Trying by some standard; examining by experiment, as metals; proving; attempting."], "assault": ["ASSAULT', n. L. assulto, of ad and salto, to leap, formed on salio, or its root. See Assail. We have the same root in insult and result.", "1. An attack or violent onset, whether by an individual, a company, or an army. An assault by private persons may be made with or without weapons. As assault by an army is a violent hostile attack; and when made upon a fort or fortified place is called a storm, as opposed to sap or siege.", "2. An attack by hostile words or measures; as, an assault upon the prerogatives of a prince, or upon a constitution of government.", "3. In Law, an unlawful setting upon one's person; an attempt or offer to beat another, without touching his person; as by lifting the fist or a cane, in a threatening manner. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a battery.", "ASSAULT', v.t.", "1. To attack or fall upon by violence, or with a hostile intention; as, to assault a man, a house or town.", "2. To invade or fall on with force; as, the cry of war assaults our ears.", "3. To attack by words, arguments or unfriendly measures, with a view to shake, impair or overthrow; as, to assault a character, the laws or the administration."], "assaultable": ["ASSAULT'ABLE, a. That may be assaulted."], "assaulted": ["ASSAULT'ED, pp. Attacked with force, arms, violence, or hostile views."], "assaulter": ["ASSAULT'ER, n. One who assaults, or violently attacks."], "assaulting": ["ASSAULT'ING, ppr. Attacking with force, or with hostile measures."], "assemblance": ["ASSEM'BLANCE, n. Representation; an assembling. Not in use."], "assemble": ["ASSEM'BLE, v.t. L. simul.", "To collect a number of individuals or particulars into one place, or body; to bring or call togethe; to convene; to congregate.", "ASSEM'BLE, v.i. To meet or come together; to convene, as a number of individuals."], "assembled": ["ASSEM'BLED, pp. collected into a body; congregated."], "assembler": ["ASSEM'BLER, n. One who assembles."], "assembling": ["ASSEM'BLING, ppr. Coming together; collecting into one place.", "ASSEM'BLING, n. A collection or meeting together. Heb. 10."], "assembly": ["ASSEM'BLY, n.", "1. A company or collection of individuals, in the same place; usually for the same purpose.", "2. A congregation or religious society convened.", "3. In some of the United States, the legislature, consisting of different houses or branches, whether in session or not. In some states, the popular branch or House of Representatives is denominated an assembly. See the constitutions of the several states.", "4. a collection of persons for amusement; as a dancing assembly.", "5. A convocation, convention or council of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery; as the General Assembly of Scotland or of the United States.", "6. In armies, the second beating of the drum before a march, when the soldiers strike their tents.", "7. An assemblage. Not in use."], "assent": ["ASSENT', n. L. assensus, from assentior, to assent, of ad and sentio, to thing.", "1. The act of the mind in admitting, or agreeing to, the truth of a proposition.", "Faith is the assent to any proposition, on the credit of the proposer.", "2. Consent; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right or interest; as, the bill before the house has the assent of a great majority of the members.", "The distinction between assent and consent seems to be this: assent is the agreement to an abstract proposition. We assent to a statement, but we do not consent to it. Consent is an agreement to some proposal or measure which affects the rights or interest of the consenter. We consent to a proposal of marriage. This distinction however is not always observed. See Consent.", "3. Accord; agreement. 2Chron. 18."], "assentation": ["ASSENTA'TION, n. L. assentatio, from assentor, to comply.", "Compliance with the opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation."], "assentator": ["ASSENTA'TOR, n. A flatterer."], "assenter": ["ASSENT'ER, n. One who assents, agrees to, or admits."], "assenting": ["ASSENT'ING, ppr. Agreeing to, or admitting as true; yielding to."], "assentingly": ["ASSENT'INGLY, adv. In a manner to express assent; by agreement."], "assentment": ["ASSENT'MENT, a. Assent; agreement. Rarely used."], "assign": ["ASSI'GN, v.t. L. assigno, of ad and signo, to allot to mark out, signum, a mark. The primary sense of sign is to send, or to set.", "1. To allot; to appoint or grant by distribution or apportionment.", "The priests had a portion assigned them. Gen. 47.", "2. To designate or appoint for a particular purpose.", "They assigned Bezer, a city of refuge. Josh. 20.", "3. To fix, specify or designate; as an assigned quantity.", "4. To make or set over; to transfer, sell or convey, by writing, as by indorsing a note, or by any writing on a separate paper.", "5. To allege or show in particular; as, to assign a reason for one's conduct.", "6. In law, to show or set forth with particularity; as, to assign error in a writ; to assign false judgment.", "ASSI'GN, n. A person to whom property or an interest is or may be transferred; as, a deed to a man and his heirs and assigns."], "assignable": ["ASSI'GNABLE, a.", "1. That may be allotted, appointed or assigned.", "2. That may be transferred by writing; as an assignable note, or bill.", "3. That may be specified, shown with precision or designated; as an assignable error."], "assignation": ["ASSIGNA'TION, n.", "1. An appointment of time and place for meeting; used chiefly of love-meetings.", "2. A making over by transfer of title. See Assignment.", "3. In Russia, a public note or bank bill; paper currency."], "assigned": ["ASSI'GNED, pp. Appointed; allotted; made over; shown or designated."], "assigner": ["ASSI'GNER, n. One who assigns, or appoints."], "assigning": ["ASSI'GNING, ppr. Allotting; appointing; transferring; showing specially."], "assignment": ["ASSI'GNMENT, n.", "1. An allotting, or an appointment to a particular person or use.", "2. A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of a lease, bond, note, or bill of exchange.", "3. The writing by which an interest is transferred.", "4. The appointment or designation of causes or actions in court, for trial on particular days.", "5. In law, the conveyance of the whole interest which a man has in an estate, usually for life or year. It differs from a lease, which is the conveyance of a less term than the lessor has in the estate."], "assist": ["ASSIST', v.t. L. assisto, of ad and sisto, to stand up; English, to stand by.", "To help; to aid; to succor; to give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress.", "ASSIST', v.i. To lend aid."], "assistance": ["ASSIST'ANCE, n. Help; aid; furtherance; succor; a contribution of support in bodily strength or other means."], "assistant": ["ASSIST'ANT, a. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary.", "ASSIST'ANT, n. One who aids, or who contributes his strength or other means to further the designs of welfare of another; an auxiliary."], "assisted": ["ASSIST'ED, pp. Helped; aided."], "assister": ["ASSIST'ER, n. One that lends aid."], "assisting": ["ASSIST'ING, ppr. Helping; aiding; supporting with strength or means."], "associability": ["ASSOCIABIL'ITY, n. The quality of being capable of association; the quality of suffering some change by sympathy, or of being affected by the affections of another part of the body."], "associable": ["ASSO'CIABLE, a. assoshable. See Associate.", "1. That may be joined to or associated.", "2. In a medical sense, liable to be affected by sympathy, or to receive from other parts correspondent feelings and affections. \"The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the animal body.\""], "associate": ["ASSO'CIATE, v.t. assoshate. L. associo, of ad and socio, to join.", "1. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner or confederate; as, to associate others with us in business, or in an enterprise.", "It conveys the idea of intimate union.", "2. To unite in the same mass; as, particles of matte associated with other substances.", "ASSO'CIATE, v.i.", "1. To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as, congenial minds are disposed to associate.", "2. To unite in action, or be affected by the action of a different part of the body.", "ASSO'CIATE, a.", "1. Joined in interest or purpose; confederate.", "2. Joined in employment or office; as an associate judge.", "ASSO'CIATE, n.", "1. A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.", "2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league.", "3. A companion in a criminal transaction; an accomplice."], "associated": ["ASSO'CIATED, pp. United in company or in interest; joined."], "associating": ["ASSO'CIATING, ppr. Uniting in company or in interest; joining."], "association": ["ASSOCIA'TION, n.", "1. The act of associating; union; connection of persons.", "2. Union of persons in a company; a society formed for transacting or carrying on some business for mutual advantage; a partnership. It is often applied to a union of states or a confederacy.", "3. Union of things; apposition, as of particles of matter.", "4. Union or connection of ideas. An association of ideas is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow each other in the mind, so that one almost infallibly produces the other.", "5. An exertion or change of some extreme part of the sensory residing in the muscles or organs of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or attendant fibrous contractions.", "6. In ecclesiastical affairs, a society of the clergy, consisting of a number of pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches."], "associational": ["ASSOCIA'TIONAL, a. Pertaining to an association of clergymen."], "associative": ["ASSO'CIATIVE, a. Having the quality of associating, or of being affected by sympathy."], "assurance": ["ASSU'RANCE, n. ashu'rance. L. verus; or securus, contracted.", "1. The act of assuring, or of making a declaration in terms that furnish ground of confidence; as, I trusted to his assurances; or the act of furnishing any ground of full confidence.", "Whereof he hath given assurance to all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead. Act. 17.", "2. Firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certain expectation; the utmost certainty.", "Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith. Heb. 10.", "3. Firmness of mind; undoubting steadiness; intrepidity.", "Brave men meet danger with assurance.", "4. Excess of boldness; impudence; as, his assurance is intolerable.", "5. Freedom from excessive modesty, timidity or bashfulness; laudable confidence.", "Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and assurance.", "6. Insurance; a contract to make good a loss. See Insurance.", "7. Any writing or legal evidence of the conveyance of property.", "8. Conviction.", "9. In theology, full confidence of one's interest in Christ, and of final salvation."], "assure": ["ASSU'RE, v.t. ashu're. See Assurance.", "1. To make certain; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or other evidence; as, he assured me of his sincerity.", "2. To confirm; to make certain or secure.", "And it shall be assured to him. Lev. 28.", "3. To embolden; to make confident.", "And hereby we shall assure our hearts before him. 1John 3.", "4. To make secure, with of before the object secured; as, let me be assured of your fidelity.", "5. To affiance; to betroth. Obs.", "6. To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss. See Insure."], "assured": ["ASSU'RED, pp. Made certain or confident; made secure; insured.", "ASSU'RED, a. Certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess."], "assurer": ["ASSU'RER, n. One who assumes; one who insures against loss; an insurer or underwriter."], "assuring": ["ASSU'RING, ppr. Making sure or confident; giving security; confirming."], "assuredly": ["ASSU'REDLY, adv. Certainly; indubitably.", "Assuredly thy son Solomon shall reign. 1Kings 1."], "asswage": ["ASSWA'GE, See Assuage."], "astonied": ["ASTO'NIED, pp. Astonished. Obs."], "astony": ["ASTO'NY, v.t. See Astonish. To terrify or astonish. Obs."], "astonish": ["ASTON'ISH, v.t. L. attono, to astonish; ad and tono. See Tone and Stun.", "To stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror, surprise or wonder; to amaze; to confound with some sudden passion.", "I Daniel was astonished at the vision. Dan. 8."], "astonished": ["ASTON'ISHED, pp. Amazed; confounded with fear, surprise, or admiration."], "astonishing": ["ASTON'ISHING, ppr. Amazing; confounding with wonder or fear.", "ASTON'ISHING, a. Very wonderful; of a nature to excite great admiration, or amazement."], "astonishingly": ["ASTON'ISHINGLY, adv. In a manner or degree to excite amazement."], "astonishment": ["ASTON'ISHMENT, n. Amazement; confusion of mind from fear, surprise or admiration, at an extraordinary or unexpected event."], "astray": ["ASTRA'Y, adv. a and stray. See Stray.", "Out of the right way or proper place, both in a literal and figurative sense. In morals and religion, it signifies wandering from the path of rectitude, from duty and happiness.", "Before I was afflicted, I want astray. Ps. 129.", "Cattle go astray when they leave their proper owners or inclosures. See Deut. 22."], "astrological": ["ASTROLOG'ICAL, a. Pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing astrology."], "astrologically": ["ASTROLOG'ICALLY, adv. In the manner of astrology."], "astrologize": ["ASTROL'OGIZE, v.i. To practice astrology."], "astrology": ["ASTROL'OGY, n. Supra. A science which teaches to judge of the effects and influences of the stars, and to foretell future events, by their situation and different aspects. This science was formerly in great request, as men ignorantly supposed the heavenly bodies to have a ruling influence over the physical and moral world; but it is now universally exploded by true science and philosophy."], "asunder": ["ASUND'ER, adv. See sunder.", "Apart; into parts; separately; in a divided state.", "The Lord hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked. Ps. 129."], "at": ["AT, prep. L. ad. At, ad and to, if not radically the same word often coincide in signification; Heb to come, to a approach. Hence it primarily denotes presence, meeting, nearness, direction towards.", "In general, at denotes nearness, or presents; as at the ninth hour, at the house; but it is less definite than in or on; at the house, may be in or near the house. It denotes also towards, versus; as, to aim an arrow at a mark.", "From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. At the sight, is with, present, or coming the sight; at this news, present the news, on or with the approach or arrival of this news. At peace, at war, in a state of peace or war, peace or war, in a state of peace or war, peace or war existing, being present; at ease, at play, at a loss, &c. convey the like idea. At arms, furnished with arms, bearing arms present with arms; at hand, within reach of the hand, and therefore near; at my cost, with my cost; at his suit, by or with his suit; at this declaration, he rose from his seat, that is present, or coming this declaration; whence results the idea in consequence of it. At his command, is either under his command, that is, literally, coming or being come his command, in the power of, or in consequence of it. He is good at engraving, at husbandry; that is, in performing that business. He deserves well at our hands; that is, from us. The peculiar phrases in which this word occurs, with appropriate significations, are numerous. At first, at last, at least, at best, at the worst, at the highest or lowest, are phrases in which some noun is implied; as, at the first time or beginning; at the last time, or point of time; at the least or best degree, &c.; all denoting an extreme point or superlative degree. At all, is in any manner or degree.", "At is sometimes used for to, or towards, noting progression or direction; as, he aims at perfection; he makes or runs at him, or points at him. In this phrase, he longs to be at him, at has its general sense of approaching, or present, or with, in contest or attack."], "ate": ["ATE, The preterite of eat, which see.", "ATE, n. a'ty. Gr. mischief; to hurt. Ate is a personification of evil, mischief or malice.", "In pagan mythology, the goddess of mischief, who was cast down from heaven by Jupiter."], "attest": ["ATTEST', v.t. L. attestor; of ad and testor, to affirm or bear witness, from testis. See Testify.", "1. To bear witness; to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; to make a solemn declaration in words or writing, to support a fact; appropriately used the affirmation of persons in their official capacity; as, to attest the truth of a writing; to attest a copy of record. Persons also attest writings by subscribing their names.", "2. To bear witness, or support the truth of a fact, by other evidence than words; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest its ancient magnificence.", "3. To call to witness; to invoke as conscious.", "The sacred streams which heaven's imperial state Attests in oaths, and fears to violate.", "ATTEST', n. Witness; testimony; attestation. Little used."], "athenian": ["ATHE'NIAN, a. from Athens. Pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Attica in Greece.", "ATHE'NIAN, n. A native or inhabitant of Athens."], "athirst": ["ATHIRST', a. athrust'. a and thirst. See Thirst.", "1. Thirsty; wanting drink.", "2. Having a keen appetite or desire.", "He had a soul athirst for knowledge."], "atone": ["ATO'NE, adv. at and one. At one; together.", "ATO'NE, v.i. Supposed to be compounded of at and one. L. ad and unus, unio.", "1. To agree; to be in accordance; to accord.", "He and Aufidus can no more atone.", "Than violentest contrariety.", "This sense is obsolete.", "2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, amends or satisfaction for an offense or a crime, by which reconciliation is procured between the offended and offending parties.", "The murderer fell and blood atoned for blood.", "By what propitiation shall I atone for my former gravity.", "The life of a slave was deemed to be of so little value, that a very slight compensation atoned for taking it away.", "3. To atone for, to make compensation or amends.", "This evil was atoned for by the good effects of the study of the practical physics of Aristotle.", "The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure.", "ATO'NE, v.t.", "1. To expiate; to answer or make satisfaction for.", "or each atone his guilty love with life.", "2. To reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease. Not now used."], "atoned": ["ATO'NED, pp. Expiated; appeased; reconciled."], "atonement": ["ATO'NEMENT, n.", "1. Agreement; concord; reconciliation, after enmity or controversy. Rom. 5.", "Between the Duke of Glo'ster and your brothers.", "2. Expiation; satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing or suffering that which is received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; with for.", "And Moses said to Aaron, go to the altar, and offer thy sin-offering, and thy burnt-offering, and make an atonement for thyself and for the people. Lev. 9.", "When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement he can make for it is, to warn others not to fall into the like.", "The Phocians behaved with so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient atonement for their former offense.", "3. In theology, the expiation of sin made by the obedience and personal sufferings of Christ."], "atoner": ["ATO'NER, n. He who makes atonement."], "atonic": ["ATON'IC, a. Relaxed; debilitated."], "atoning": ["ATO'NING, ppr.", "1. Reconciling. Obs.", "2. Making amends, or satisfaction."], "attain": ["ATTA'IN, v.i. L. attingo, to reach, come to or overtake; ad and tango, to touch, reach or strike; that is, to thrust, urge or push to. it has no connection with L. attineo. See Class.", "1. To reach; to come to or arrive at, by motion, bodily exertion, or efforts towards a place or object.", "If by any means they might attain to Phenice. Acts 28.", "2. To reach; to come to or arrive at, by an effort of mind.", "Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high; I cannot attain to it. Ps. 139.", "Regularly this verb should be always followed by to; the omission of to, and the use of the verb, in a transitive sense, may have originated in mistake, from the opinion that the verb is from the L. attineo, and equivalent to obtain.", "ATTA'IN, v.t.", "1. To gain; to compass; to achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; without to following.", "Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the means?", "This use of the verb is now established; but in strictness to is here implied; attain to the end. The real sense, as in the intransitive use of the verb is, to reach or come to the end or purpose in view. This word always implies an effort towards an object. Hence it is not synonymous with obtain and procure, which do not necessarily imply such effort. We procure or obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but we do not attain it by such means. An inattention to this distinction has led good authors into great mistakes in the use of this word.", "2. To reach or come to a place or object by progression or motion.", "But ere such tidings shall his ears attain.", "Canaan he now attains.", "3. To reach in excellence or degree; to equal."], "attainable": ["ATTA'INABLE, a. That may be attained; that may be reached by efforts of the mind or body; that may be compassed or accomplished by efforts directed to the object; as, perfection is not attainable in this life. From an inattention to the true sense of this word, as explained under attain, authors have very improperly used this word for obtainable, procurable; as in the following passages. \"The kind and quality of food and liquor; the species of habitation, furniture and clothing to which the common people of each country are habituated, must be attainable with ease and certainty.\" \"Gen. Howe would not permit them to be purchased in Philadelphia, and they (clothes and blankets) were not attainable in the country.\" Marshall's Life of Washington, 3,428. Each of these words should be obtainable."], "attainableness": ["ATTA'INABLENESS, n. The quality of being attainable."], "attainment": ["ATTA'INMENT, n.", "1. The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence the act of obtaining by efforts; as the attainment of excellence.", "2. That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquisition; as, a man of great attainments."], "attend": ["ATTEND', v.t. L. attendo; ad and tendo, to stretch, to tend. See Tend.", "1. To go with, or accompany, as a companion, minister or servant.", "2. To be present; to accompany or be united to; as a cold attended with fever.", "3. To be present for some duty, implying charge or oversight; to wait on; as, the physician or the nurse attends the sick.", "4. To be present in business; to be in company from curiosity, or from some connection in affairs; as, lawyers or spectators attend a court.", "5. To be consequent to, from connection of cause; as, a measure attended with ill effects.", "6. To await; to remain, abide or be in store for; as, happiness or misery attends us after death.", "7. To wait for; to lie in wait.", "8. To wait or stay for.", "Three days I promised to attend my doom.", "9. To accompany with solicitude; to regard.", "Their hunger thus appeased, their care attends.", "The doubtful fortune of their absent friends.", "10. To regard; to fix the mind upon.", "The pilot doth not attend the unskillful words of the passenger.", "This is not now a legitimate sense. To express this idea, we now use the verb intransitively, with to, attend to.", "11. To expect. Not in use.", "ATTEND', v.i.", "1. To listen; to regard with attention; followed by to.", "Attend to the voice of my supplication. Ps. 86.", "Hence much used in the imperative, attend!", "2. To regard with observation, and correspondent practice.", "My son, attend to my words.", "Hence, to regard with compliance.", "He hath attended to the voice of my prayer. Ps. 64.", "3. To fix the attention upon, as an object of pursuit; to be busy or engaged in; as, to attend to the study of the scriptures.", "4. To wait on; to accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty; with on or upon; as, to attend upon a committee; to attend upon business. Hence,", "5. To wait on, in service or worship; to serve.", "That ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.", "1Cor. 7.", "6. To stay; to delay. Obs.", "For this perfection she must yet attend,", "Till to her maker she espoused be.", "7. To wait; to be within call."], "attendance": ["ATTEND'ANCE, n.", "1. The act of waiting on, or serving.", "Of which no man gave attendance at the altar. Heb. 7.", "2. A waiting on; a being present on business of any kind; as, the attendance of witnesses of persons in court; attendance of members of the legislature.", "3. Service; ministry.", "Receive attendance.", "4. The persons attending; a train; a retinue.", "5. Attention; regard; careful application of mind.", "Give attendance to reading. 1Tim. 4.", "6. Expectation. Obs."], "attendant": ["ATTEND'ANT, a.", "1. Accompanying; being present, or in the train.", "Other suns with their attendant moons.", "2. Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as consequential; as, intemperance with all its attendant evils.", "3. In law, depending on or owing service to; as, the wife attendant to the heir.", "ATTEND'ANT, n.", "1. One who attends or accompanies, in any character whatever, as a friend, companion, minister or servant; one who belongs to the train.", "2. One who is present; as an attendant at or upon a meeting.", "3. One who owes service to or depends on another.", "4. That which accompanies or is consequent to.", "A love of fame, the attendant of noble spirits.", "Shame is the attendant of vice."], "attended": ["ATTEND'ED, pp. Accompanied; having attendants; served; waited on."], "attender": ["ATTEND'ER, n. One who attends; a companion; an associate. Little used."], "attending": ["ATTEND'ING, ppr. Going with; accompanying; waiting on; superintending or taking care of; being present; immediately consequent to; serving; listening; regarding with care."], "attent": ["ATTENT', a. Attentive. 2Chron. 6."], "attentates": ["ATTENT'ATES, n. Proceedings in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed."], "attention": ["ATTEN'TION, n.", "1. The act of attending or heeding; the due application of the ear to sounds, or of the mind to objects presented to its contemplation. Literally, a stretching towards.", "They say the tongues of dying men", "Enforce attention like deep harmony.", "2. Act of civility, or courtesy; as attention to a stranger."], "attentive": ["ATTENT'IVE, a.", "Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care. It is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as an attentive ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, together with the senses abovementioned, as when a person is attentive to the words, the manner and matter of a speaker at the same time."], "attentively": ["ATTENT'IVELY, adv. Heedfully; carefully; with fixed attention."], "attentiveness": ["ATTENT'IVENESS, n. The state of being attentive; heedfulness; attention."], "attire": ["ATTI'RE, v.t.", "To dress; to array; to adorn with elegant or splendid garments.", "With the linen miter shall Aaron be attired. Lev. 16.", "ATTI'RE, n.", "1. Dress; clothes; habit; but appropriately, ornamental dress.", "Can a bride forget her attire. Jer. 2.", "2. The horns of a deer.", "3. In botany, the generative parts of plants. florid attire, called thrums or suits, as in the flowers of marygold or tansy, consists of two or three parts, of which the outer part is the floret. semiform attire consists of the chives and apexes. This language is now obsolete."], "attired": ["ATTI'RED, pp. Dressed; decked with ornaments or attire."], "attirer": ["ATTI'RER, n. One who dresses or adorns with attire."], "attiring": ["ATTI'RING, ppr. Dressing; adorning with dress or attire."], "audience": ["AUD'IENCE, n.", "1. The act of hearing, or attending to sounds.", "His bold discourse had audience.", "2. Admittance to a hearing; public reception to an interview; a ceremony observed in courts, or by official characters, when ambassadors or applicants to men in office are permitted to appear and state their business in person.", "3. An auditory; an assembly of hearers.", "4. In the Spanish dominions, a court; as the audience of Seville, which is a court of oyer and terminer; and the audience pretorial, in the Indies, which is a high court of judicature. The word in Spain also signifies certain law-officers, appointed to institute a judicial inquiry.", "5. In England, a court held by the arch-bishop of Canterbury, on the subject of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, &c."], "augment": ["AUGMENT', v.t. L. augmento, augmentum, from augeo, auxi, to increase; Gr. It seems to be the Eng. to wax, or to eke.", "1. To increase; to enlarge in size or extent; to swell; to make bigger; as, to augment an army, by reinforcement; rain augments a stream.", "2. To increase or swell the degree, amount or magnitude; as, impatience augments an evil.", "AUGMENT', v.i. To increase; to grow larger; as, a stream augments by rain."], "augmentable": ["AUGMENT'ABLE, a. That may be increased; capable of augmentation."], "augmentation": ["AUGMENTA'TION, n.", "1. The act of increasing, or making larger, by addition, expansion, or dilatation.", "2. The state of being increased or enlarged.", "3. The thing added by which a thing is enlarged.", "4. In music, a doubling the value of the notes of the subject of a fugue or canon.", "Augmentation Court, in England, a court erected by 27 Hen. VIII., to augment the revenues of the crown, by the suppression of monasteries. It was long ago dissolved.", "In heraldry, augmentation consists in additional charges to a coat-armor, often as marks of honor, borne on the escutcheon or a canton."], "augmentative": ["AUGMENT'ATIVE, a. Having the quality or power of augmenting."], "augmenter": ["AUGMENT'ER, n. He that augments."], "augmenting": ["AUGMENT'ING, ppr. Increasing; enlarging."], "aunt": ["'AUNT, n. L. amita, contracted.", "The sister of one's father or mother, correlative to nephew or niece."], "auster": ["AUS'TER, n. L. The south wind."], "austere": ["AUSTE'RE, a. L. Austerus.", "1. Severe; harsh; rigid; stern; applied to persons; as an austere master; an austere look.", "2. Sour; harsh; rough to the taste; applied to things; as austere fruit, or wine."], "austerely": ["AUSTE'RELY, adv. Severely; rigidly; harshly."], "austereness": ["AUSTE'RENESS, n.", "1. Severity in manners; harshness; austerity.", "2. Roughness in taste."], "austerity": ["AUSTER'ITY, n. L. austeritas. Severity of manners or life; rigor; strictness; harsh discipline. It is particularly applied to the mortifications of a monastic life, which are called austerities."], "author": ["AU'THOR, n. L. auctor. The Latin word is from the root of augeo, to increase, or cause to enlarge. The primary sense is one who brings or causes to come forth.", "1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being; as, God is the author of the Universe.", "2. The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing; hence, the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately applied to one who composes or writes a book, or original work, and in a more general sense, to one whose occupation is to compose and write books; opposed to compiler or translator.", "AU'THOR, v.t. To occasion; to effect. Not used."], "authority": ["AUTHOR'ITY, n. L. auctoritas.", "1. Legal power, or a right to command or to act; as the authority of a prince over subjects, and of parents over children. Power; rule; sway.", "2. The power derived from opinion, respect or esteem; influence of character or office; credit; as the authority of age or example, which is submitted to or respected, in some measure, as a law, or rule of action. That which is claimed in justification or support of opinions and measures.", "3. Testimony; witness; or the person who testifies; as, the Gospels or the evangelists are our authorities for the miracles of Christ.", "4. Weight of testimony; credibility; as a historian of no authority.", "5. Weight of character; respectability; dignity; as a magistrate of great authority in the city.", "6. Warrant; order; permission.", "By what authority dost thou these things. Mat. 21. Acts 9.", "7. Precedents, decisions of a court, official declarations, respectable opinions and says, also the books that contain them, are call authorities, as they influence the opinions of others; and in law, the decisions of supreme courts have a binding force upon inferior courts, and are called authorities.", "8. Government; the persons or the body exercising power or command; as the local authorities of the states.", "In Connecticut, the justices of the peace are denominated the civil authority."], "authorization": ["AUTHORIZA'TION, n. The act of giving authority, or legal power; establishment by authority."], "authorize": ["AU'THORIZE, v.t.", "1. To give authority, warrant or legal power to; to give a right to act; to empower; as, to authorize commissioners to settle the boundary of the state.", "2. To make legal; as, to authorize a marriage.", "3. To establish by authority, as by usage, or public opinion; as an authorized idiom of language.", "4. To give authority, credit or reputation to; as to authorize a report, or opinion.", "5. To justify; to support as right. Suppress desires which reason does not authorize."], "authorized": ["AU'THORIZED, pp. Warranted by right; supported by authority; derived from legal or proper authority; having power or authority."], "authorizing": ["AU'THORIZING, ppr. Giving authority to, or legal power, credit, or permission."], "avail": ["AVA'IL, v.t. L. valeo, to be strong or able, to profit, to be of force or authority; Eng. well. The primary sense is, to stretch or extend, whence strength, value.", "1. To profit one's self; to turn to advantage; followed by the pronouns, myself, thyself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, with of before the thing used; as, let him avail himself of his license.", "2. To assist or profit; to effect the object, or bring to a successful issue; as, what will skill avail us against numbers. Artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment.", "AVA'IL, v.i. To be of use, or advantage; to answer the purpose; as, strength without judgment will rarely avail. Generally, it signifies to have strength, force or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease; suppositions, without proof, will not avail.", "AVA'IL, n. Profit; advantage towards success; benefit; as, labor without economy is of little avail. It seems usually to convey the idea of efficacious aid or strength."], "available": ["AVA'ILABLE, a.", "1. Profitable; advantageous; having efficacy; as, a measure is more or less available.", "2. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy,for the object; valid; as an available plea.", "Laws are available by consent."], "availableness": ["AVA'ILABLENESS, n.", "1. Power or efficacy, in promoting an end in view.", "2. Competent power; legal force; validity; as the availableness of a title."], "availably": ["AVA'ILABLY, adv. Powerfully; profitably; advantageously; validly; efficaciously."], "availing": ["AVA'ILING, pp. Turning to profit; using to advantage or effect."], "availment": ["AVA'ILMENT, n. Profit; efficacy; successful issue. Little used."], "avails": ["AVA'ILS, n. plu. Profits or proceeds. It is used in New England, for the proceeds of goods sold, or for rents, issues or profits."], "avenge": ["AVENGE, v.t. avenj'. L. vindex.", "1. To take satisfaction for an injury by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on the wrong doer.", "Shall not God avenge his own elect. Luke 18.", "Avenge me of my adversary.", "In these examples, avenge implies that the evil inflicted on the injuring party is a satisfaction or justice done to the injured, and the party vindicated is the object of the verb.", "2. To take satisfaction for, by pain or punishment inflicted on the injuring party.", "He will avenge the blood of his servants. Deut. 32.", "Here the thing for which satisfaction is taken is the object of the verb.", "3. To revenge. To avenge and revenge, radically, are synonymous. But modern usage inclines to make a valuable distinction in the use of these words, restricting avenge to the taking of just punishment, and revenge to the infliction of pain or evil, maliciously, in an illegal manner.", "4. In the passive form this verb signifies to have or receive just satisfaction, by the punishment of the offender.", "Shall not my soul be avenged on such a nation as this?", "Jer. 5."], "avenged": ["AVENG'ED, pp. Satisfied by the punishment of the offender; vindicated; punished."], "avengement": ["AVENG'EMENT, n. Vengeance; punishment; the act of taking satisfaction for an injury in inflicting pain or evil on the offender; satisfaction taken; revenge."], "avenger": ["AVENG'ER, n. One who avenges or vindicates; a vindicator; a revenger."], "avenging": ["AVENG'ING, ppr. Executing vengeance; taking satisfaction for an injury by the punishment of the offender; vindicating."], "avens": ["AV'ENS, n. The herb bennet."], "aversation": ["AVERSA'TION, n. L. aversor. See Avert.", "A turning from with disgust or dislike; aversion; hatred; disinclination.", "It is nearly superseded by aversion."], "averse": ["AVERSE, a. avers'. See Avert. The literal sense of this word is, turned from, in manifestation of dislike. Hence the real sense is,", "1. Disliking; unwilling; having a repugnance of mind.", "Averse alike to flatter or offend.", "2. Unfavorable; indisposed; malign.", "And Pallas now averse refused her aid.", "This word and its derivatives ought to be followed by to, and never by from. This word includes the idea of from; but the literal meaning being lost, the affection of the mind signified by the word, is exerted towards the object of dislike, and like its kindred terms, hatred, dislike, contrary, repugnant, &c., should be followed by to. Indeed it is absurd to speak of an affection of the mind exerted from an object. Averse expresses a less degree of opposition in the mind, than detesting and abhorring.", "Milton once uses averse in its literal sense, with from, but it is not according to the English idiom."], "aversely": ["AVERSELY, adv. avers'ly. With repugnance; unwillingly."], "averseness": ["AVERSENESS, n. avers'ness. Opposition of mind; dislike; unwillingness; backwardness."], "aversion": ["AVER'SION, n. L. averto.", "1. Opposition or repugnance of mind; dislike; disinclination; reluctance; hatred. Usually this word expresses moderate hatred, or opposition of mind, not amounting to abhorrence or detestation. It ought generally to be followed by to before the object. See averse. Sometimes it admits of for.", "A freeholder is bred with an aversion to subjection.", "2. Opposition or contrariety of nature; applied to inanimate substances.", "Magnesia, notwithstanding this aversion to solution, forms a kind of paste with water.", "3. The cause of dislike.", "Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire."], "avoid": ["AVOID', v.t. Eng. side, void, widow; L. vidua, vito, evito. See Void.", "1. To shun; to keep at a distance from; that is, literally, to go or be wide from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters.", "2. To shift off, or clear off; as, to avoid expense.", "3. To quit; to evacuate; to shun by leaving; as, to avoid the house.", "4. To escape; as, to avoid danger.", "5. To emit or throw out; as, to avoid excretions. For this, void is now generally used.", "6. To make void; to annul or vacate.", "The grant cannot be avoided without injustice to the grantee.", "7. In pleading, to set up some new matter or distinction, which shall avoid, that is, defeat or evade the allegation of the other party. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by starting new matter.", "AVOID', v.i. To retire; to withdraw.", "David avoided out of his presence. 1Sam. 18. Improper.", "2. To become void, vacant or empty.", "A benefice avoids by common law."], "avoidable": ["AVOID'ABLE, a.", "1. That may be avoided, left at a distance, shunned or escaped.", "2. That may be vacated; liable to be annulled."], "avoidance": ["AVOID'ANCE, n.", "1. The act of avoiding, or shunning.", "2. The act of vacating, or the state of being vacant. It is appropriately used for the state of a benefice becoming void, by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.", "3. The act of annulling.", "4. The course by which any thing is carried off."], "avoided": ["AVOID'ED, pp. Shunned; evaded; made void; ejected."], "avoider": ["AVOID'ER, n.", "1. One who avoids, shuns or escapes.", "2. The person who carries any thing away; the vessel in which things are carried away."], "avoiding": ["AVOID'ING, ppr. Shunning, escaping; keeping at a distance; ejecting; evacuating; making void, or vacant."], "avouch": ["AVOUCH', v.t. L. voco, advoco. See Voice.", "1. To affirm; to declare or assert with positiveness.", "2. To produce or call in; to affirm in favor of, maintain or support.", "Such antiquities could be avouched for the Irish.", "3. To maintain, vindicate or justify.", "AVOUCH', n. Evidence; testimony; declaration. Little used."], "avouchable": ["AVOUCH'ABLE, a. That may be avouched. Little used."], "avouched": ["AVOUCH'ED, pp. Affirmed; maintained; called in to support."], "avoucher": ["AVOUCH'ER, n. One who avouches."], "avouching": ["AVOUCH'ING, ppr. Affirming; calling in to maintain; vindicating."], "avouchment": ["AVOUCH'MENT, n. Declaration; the act of avouching."], "await": ["AWA'IT, v.t. a and wait. See Wait.", "Literally, to remain, hold or stay.", "1. To wait for; to look for, or expect.", "Betwixt the rocky pillars, Gabriel sat,", "Chief of the Angelic guards, awaiting night.", "2. To be in store for; to attend; to be ready for; as, a glorious reward awaits the good.", "AWA'IT, n. Ambush; in a state of waiting for."], "awaiting": ["AWA'ITING, ppr. Waiting for; looking for; expecting; being ready or in store for."], "awake": ["AWA'KE, v.t. pret. awoke, awaked; pp. awaked. The L. vigilo seems to be formed on this root. See Wake.", "1. To rouse from asleep.", "I go that I may awake him out of sleep. John 11.", "2. To excite from a state resembling sleep, as from death, stupidity or inaction; to put into action, or new life; as, to awake the dead; to awake the dormant faculties.", "AWA'KE, v.i.", "1. To cease to sleep; to come from a state of natural sleep.", "Jacob awaked out of sleep. Gen. 28.", "2. To bestir, revive or rouse from a state of inaction; to be invigorated with new life; as, the mind awakes from its stupidity.", "Awake, O sword, against my shepherd. Zech. 13.", "3. To rouse from spiritual sleep.", "Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light. Eph. 5.", "Awake to righteousness. 1Cor. 15.", "4. To rise from the dead. Job 14.", "AWA'KE, a. Not sleeping; in a state of vigilance or action."], "aware": ["AWA'RE, a. See Ware and Wary.", "Watchful; vigilant; guarded; but more strictly in modern usage, apprised; expecting an event from information, or probability; as, the general was aware of the enemy's designs.", "AWA'RE, v.i. To beware; to be cautious. Not legitimate."], "away": ["AWA'Y, adv. See Way.", "1. Absent; at a distance; as, the master is away from home.", "Have me away, for I am wounded. 2Chron. 35.", "2. It is much used with words signifying moving or going from; as, go away, send away, run away, &c.; all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes without the verb; as, whither away so fast.", "Love hath wings and will away.", "3. As an exclamation, it is a command or invitation to depart; away, that is, be gone, or let us go. \"Away with him.\" Take him away.", "4. With verbs, it serves to modify their sense and form peculiar phrases; as,", "To throw away, to cast from, to give up, dissipate or foolishly destroy.", "To trifle away, to lose or expend in trifles, or in idleness.", "To drink away, to squander away, &c., to dissipate in drinking or extravagance.", "To make away, is to kill or destroy.", "5. Away with has a peculiar signification in the phrase, \"I cannot away with it.\" Isa. 1. The sense is, \"I cannot bear or endure it.\""], "awe": ["AWE, n. aw. Gr. to be astonished.", "1. Fear mingled with admiration or reverence; reverential fear.", "Stand in awe and sin not. Ps. 4.", "2. Fear; dread inspired by something great, or terrific.", "AWE, v.t. To strike with fear and reverence; to influence by fear, terror or respect; as, his majesty awed them into silence."], "awed": ["AW'ED, pp. Struck with fear; influenced by fear or reverence."], "awful": ["AWFUL, a. awe and full.", "1. That strikes with awe; that fills with profound reverence; as the awful majesty of Jehovah.", "2. That fills with terror and dread; as the awful approach of death.", "3. Struck with awe; scrupulous.", "A weak and awful reverence for antiquity.", "Shakespeare uses it for worshipful, inspiring respect by authority or dignity.", "Our common people use this word in the sense of frightful, ugly, detestable."], "awfulness": ["AW'FULNESS, n.", "1. The quality of striking with awe, or with reverence; solemnity; as, \"the awfulness of this sacred place.\"", "2. The state of being struck with awe.", "A help to prayer, producing in us reverence and awfulness.", "Not legitimate."], "awoke": ["AWO'KE, The preterit of awake."], "ax": ["AX, n. improperly written axe. Gr.", "An instrument usually of iron, for hewing timber and chopping wood. It consists of a head with an arching edge, and a helve or handle. The ax is of two kinds, the broad ax for hewing, and the narrow ax for rough-hewing and cutting. The hatchet is a small ax to be used with one hand."], "azure": ["AZ'URE, a. azh'ur.", "Of a sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the sky."], "azured": ["AZURED, a. Colored azure; being of an azure color."], "baal": ["BA'AL, n. An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syrians, representing the sun. The word signifies also lord, or commander; and the character of the idol was varied by different nations, at different times. Thus Baal Berith is supposed to signify the Lord of the Covenant; Baal Peor, or rather Baal Phegor, the Lord of the dead. Ps. cvi, Baal Zebub, the god of flies, &c."], "babble": ["BAB'BLE, v.i.", "1. To utter words imperfectly or indistinctly, as children.", "2. To talk idly or irrationally; to talk thoughtlessly.", "3. To talk much; to prate; hence to tell secrets.", "4. To utter sounds frequently, incessantly, or indistinctly; as a babbling echo; a babbling stream.", "BAB'BLE, v.t. To prate; to utter.", "BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk; senseless prattle.", "1"], "babbling": ["BAB'BLING, ppr. Talking idly; telling secrets.", "2. Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds; as a babbling stream.", "3. In hunting, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they have found a good scent.", "BAB'BLING, n. Foolish talk. 1 Tim.vi."], "babbler": ["BAB'BLER, n. An idle talker; an irrational prattler; a teller of secrets."], "babe": ["BABE, n. L. pupus,a word of endearment; pupa, little girl; whence pupillus, pupilla, pupil.", "An infant; a young child of either sex."], "babel": ["BA'BEL, n. Heb. Confusion; disorder."], "babylonical": ["BABYLON'ICAL, a. Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as Babylonic garments, carpets or hangings.", "2. Tumultuous; disorderly."], "babylonics": ["BABYLON'ICS, n.plu. The title of a fragment of the history of the world, ending 267 years before Christ, composed by Berosus, a priest of Babylon."], "babylonish": ["BABYLO'NISH, a. Pertaining to Babylon, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia, or to the kingdom. The city stood on the river Frat, or Euphrates, and it is supposed, on the spot where the tower of Babel was founded.", "2. Like the language of Babel; mixed; confused.", "2"], "back": ["BACK, n.", "1. The upper part of an animal, particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge. In human beings, the hinder part of the body.", "4", "2. The outward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, concave part, or palm.", "3. As the back of man is the part on the side opposite to the face; hence the part opposed to the front; as the back of a book and of a chimney, or the back of a house.", "4. The part opposite to or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or actor, or the part out of sight; as the back of an isle, of a wood, of a village.", "5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, and as the back is behind in motion; hence the thick and strong part of a cutting tool; as the back of a knife, or of a saw.", "6. The place behind or nearest the back; as, on the back of a hill or of a village.", "7. The outer part of the body, or the whole body; a part for the whole; as, he has not clothes to his back.", "8. To turn the back on one, is to forsake, or neglect him.", "9. To turn the back to one, to acknowledge to be superior.", "10. To turn the back, is to depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove or be absent.", "11. Behind the back, is in secret, or when one is absent.", "12. To cast behind the back, in scripture, is to forget and forgive, Is.xxxviii, 17; or to treat with contempt. Ez.xxiii.35. Neh.ix.26.", "13. To plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. Ps.cxxix.", "14. To bow the back, is to submit to oppression. Rom.xi.10.", "BACK, adv. To the place from which one came; as, to go back is to return.", "2. In a figurative sense, to a former state, condition or station; as, he cannot go back from his engagements.", "3. Behind; not advancing; not coming or bringing forward; as, to keep back a part; to keep one's selfback.", "4. Towards times or things past; as, to look back on former ages.", "5. Again; in return; as, give back the money.", "6. To go or come back, is to return, either to a former place, or state.", "7. To go or give back, is to retreat to recede.", "BACK, v.t. To mount; to get upon the back; sometimes perhaps to place upon the back; as, to back a horse.", "2. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid; as, the Court was backed by the House of Commons.", "3. To put backward; to cause to retreat or recede; as, to back oxen.", "4. To back a warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender.", "5. In seamanship, to back an anchor is to lay down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small one being fastened to the crown of the large one, to prevent its coming home.", "6. To back astern, in rowing, is to manage the oars in a direction contrary to the usual method, to move a boat stern", "5", "foremost.", "7. To back the sails,is to arrange them so as to cause the ship to move astern.", "BACK, v.i. To move or go back; as, the horse refuses to back."], "backed": ["BACK'ED, pp. Mounted; having on the back; supported by aid; seconded; moved backward.", "BACK'ED, a. Having a back; a word used in composition; as broad-backed, hump-backed."], "backing": ["BACK'ING, ppr. Mounting; moving back, as a horse; seconding."], "backs": ["BACKS, n. Among dealers in leather, the thickest and best tanned hides."], "backbite": ["BACK'BITE, v.t. back and bite To censure, slander, reproach, or speak evil of the absent. Prov.xxv."], "backbiter": ["BACK'BITER, n. One who slanders, calumniates or speaks ill of the absent."], "backbiting": ["BACK'BITING, n. The act of slandering the absent; secret calumny. 2Cor.xii."], "backbitingly": ["BACKBI'TINGLY, adv. With secret slander."], "backbone": ["BACKBO'NE, n. back and bone. The bone of the back; or the spine."], "backside": ["BACK'SIDE, n. back and side. The back part of anything; the part behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. Ex.iii.", "2. The hind part of an animal.", "3. The yard, ground or place behind a house."], "backslide": ["BACKSLI'DE, v.i. back and slide. To fall off; to apostatize; to turn gradually from the faith and practice of christianity. Jer.iii. Hos.iv."], "backslider": ["BACKSLI'DER, n. An apostate; one who falls from the faith and practice of religion. Prov.xiv.", "2. One who neglects his vows of obedience and falls into sin."], "backsliding": ["BACKSLI'DING, n. The act of apostatizing from faith or practice; a falling insensibly from religion into sin or idolatry. Jer. v.6."], "backwardness": ["BACK'WARDNESS, n. Unwillingness; reluctance, dilatoriness, or dullness in action.", "2. A state of being behind in progress; slowness; tardiness; as the backwardness of the spring."], "backwards": ["BACK'WARDS, adv.back and ward. See Ward. With the back in advance; as, to move backward.", "2. Toward the back; as, to throw the arms backward; to move backwards and forwards.", "3. On the back, or with the back downwards; as, to fall backward.", "4. Toward past times or events; as to look backward on the history of man.", "5. By way of reflection; reflexively.", "6. From a better to a worse state; as, public affairs go backward.", "7. In time past; as,let us look some ages backward.", "8. Perversely; from a wrong end.", "I never yet saw man but she would spell him backward.", "9. Towards the beginning; in an order contrary to the natural order; as, to read backward.", "10. In a scriptural sense, to go or turn backward, is to rebel, apostatize, or relapse into sin, or idolatry. Is.i.", "11. Contrarily; in a contrary manner.", "To be driven or turned backward, is to be defeated, or disappointed. Ps.xl.turn judgment backward, is to pervert justice and laws. Is.lix."], "bad": ["BAD, a.Heb. to perish or destroy", "1. Ill; evil; opposed to good; a word of general use, denoting physical defects and moral faults, in men and things; as a bad man, a bad heart, a bad design, bad air, bad water, bad books.", "2. Vicious; corrupt; depraved, in a moral sense; as a bad life; a bad action.", "3. Unwholesome; as bad provisions.", "4. Unfortunate; unprosperous; as a bad state of affairs.", "5. Unskillful; as a bad player.", "6. Small; poor; as a bad crop.", "7. Infirm; as a bad state of health.", "8. Feeble, corrupt, or oppressive; as a bad government.", "9. Hurtful; pernicious; as, fine print is bad for the eyes.", "10. Unfavorable; as a bad season.", "11. Poor; sterile; as a bad soil.", "12. Rough or muddy; as a bad road. In short, bad expresses whatever is injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, unlawful or immoral; whatever is offensive, painful or unfavorable; or what is defective."], "badness": ["BAD'NESS, n. The state of being bad, evil, vicious or depraved; want of good qualities, natural or moral; as the badness of the heart, of the season, of the roads, & c."], "bade": ["BAD,BADE, the past tense of bid. See Bid."], "badger": ["BADG'ER, n. In law, a person who is licensed to buy corn in one place and sell it in another, without incurring the penalties of engrossing.", "BADG'ER, n. A quadruped of the genus Ursus, of a clumsy make, with short, thick legs, and long claws on the fore feet. It inhabits the north of Europe and Asia, burrows, is indolent and sleepy, feeds by night on vegetables, and is very fat. Its skin is used 9", "for pistol furniture; its flesh makes good bacon, and its hair is used for brushes to soften the shades in painting. The American badger is called the ground hog, and is sometimes white."], "bag": ["BAG, n.Norm. bage, a bag, a coffer, bagnes, baggage. This word seems to be from the root of pack, pouch.", "1. A sack; a pouch, usually of cloth or leather, used to"], "bagging": ["BAG'GING, ppr. Swelling; becoming protuberant.", "BAG'GING, n. The cloth or materials for bags. U.States. Edwards' W. Indies."], "bake": ["BAKE, v.t.", "14", "1. To heat, dry and harden, as in an oven or furnace, or under coals of fire; to dress and prepare for food, in a close place heated; as, to bake bread.", "2. To dry and harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln or furnace, or by the solar rays; as, to bake bricks; to bake the ground.", "BAKE, v.i. To do the work of baking; as, she brews, washes and bakes.", "2. To be baked; to dry and harden in heat; as, the bread bakes, the ground bakes in a hot sun."], "baked": ["BA'KED, pp. Dried and hardened by heat; dressed in heat; as baked meat."], "baking": ["BA'KING, ppr. Drying and hardening in heat; dressing or cooking in a close place, or in heat."], "bakemeats": ["BA'KEMEATS, n. Meats prepared for food in an oven. Gen.xl."], "baken": ["BA'KEN, pp. The same as baked, and nearly obsolete."], "baker": ["BA'KER, n. One whose occupation is to bake bread, biscuit, &c."], "balance": ["BAL'ANCE, n. L.bilanx, bis, twice, and lanz, a dish, the double dish.", "1. A pair of scales, for weighing commodities. It consists of a beam or lever suspended exactly in the middle, with a scale or basin hung to each extremity, of precisely equal weight.", "The Roman balance, our steel-yard, consists of a lever or beam, movable on a center, and suspended near one of its extremities. Hence,", "2. One of the simple powers in mechanics, used for determining the equality or difference of weight in heavy bodies,and consequently their masses or quantity of matter.", "3. Figuratively, an impartial state of the mind, in deliberating; or a just estimate of the reasons and arguments on", "both sides of a question, which gives to each its due weight, or", "15", "force and importance.", "4. As balance signifies equal weight, or equality, it is by custom used for the weight or sum necessary to make two unequal weights or sums equal; that which is necessary to bring them to a balance or equipoise. Hence, in accounts, balance is the difference of two sums; as upon an adjustment of accounts, a balance was found against A, in favor of B. Hence, to pay a balance, is to pay the difference and make the two accounts equal.", "5. Balance of trade is an equal exportation of domestic productions, and importation of foreign. But, usually, the term is applied to the difference between the amount or value of the commodities exported and imported. Hence the common expression, the balance of trade is against or in favor of a country.", "6. Equipoise, or an equal state of power between nations; as the \"balance of power.\"", "7. Equipoise, or an equal state of the passions.", "The balance of the mind.", "8. That which renders weight or authority equal.", "The only balance attempted against the ancient kings, was a body of nobles.", "9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates the beats.", "10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called in Latin Libra, which the sun enters at the equinox in September.", "The hydrostatic balance is an instrument to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies.", "The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic operations, to determine the weight of minute bodies.", "BAL'ANCE, v.t. To adjust the weights in the scales of a balance so as to bring them to an equipoise. Hence,", "2. To weigh reasons; to compare, by estimating the relative force, importance, or value of different things; as, to balance good and evil.", "3. To regulate different powers, so as to keep them in a state of just proportion; as, to balance Europe, or the powers of Europe.", "4. To counterpoise; to make of equal weight or force; to make equipollent; as, one species of attraction balances another.", "One expression in the letter check and balance another.", "5. To settle and adjust, as an account; to find the difference of two accounts, and to pay the balance, or difference, and make them equal.", "6. In seamanship, to contract a sail, by rolling up a small part of it at one corner.", "BAL'ANCE, v.i. To have on each side equal weight; to be on a poise.", "2. To hesitate; to fluctuate between motives which appear of equal force, as a balance plays when poised by equal weights.", "Between right and wrong, never balance a moment."], "balanced": ["BAL'ANCED, pp. Charged with equal weights; standing on an equipoise, regulated so as to be equal; settled; adjusted; made", "16", "equal in weight or amount."], "balancer": ["BAL'ANCER,n. The person who weighs, or who uses a balance.", "2. A member of an insect useful in balancing the body.", "3. One skilled in balancing."], "balancing": ["BAL'ANCING, ppr. Charging with equal weights; being in a state of equipoise; bringing to a state of equality; regulating respective forces or sums to make them equal; settling; adjusting; paying a difference of accounts; hesitating; contracting a sail by rolling up one corner of it.", "BAL'ANCING, n. Equilibrium; poise."], "bald": ["BALD, a. bauld.", "1. Destitute of hair, especially on the top and back of the head.", "2. Destitute of the natural covering; as a bald oak.", "3. Without feathers on the head; as a bald vulture.", "4. Destitute of trees on the top; as a bald mountain.", "5. Unadorned; inelegant; as a bald translation.", "6. Mean; naked; base; without dignity or value.", "7. In popular language, open, bold, audacious.", "8. Without beard or awn; as bald wheat."], "baldness": ["BALD'NESS, n. Want of hair on the top and back of the head; loss of hair; meanness or inelegance of writing; want of ornament."], "ball": ["BALL, n.L. pila; A ball may signify a mass from collecting, or it may be that which is driven, from the root of L. pello; probably the former.", "1. A round body; a spherical substance, whether natural or artificial; or a body nearly round; as, a ball for play; a ball of thread; a ball of snow.", "2. A bullet; a ball of iron or lead for cannon, muskets, &c.", "3. A printer's ball, consisting of hair or wool, covered with leather or skin, and fastened to a stock, called a ball-stock, and used to put ink on the types in the forms.", "4. The globe or earth, from its figure.", "5. A globe borne as an ensign of authority; as, to hold the ball of a kingdom.", "6. Any part of the body that is round or protuberant; as, the eye ball; the ball of the thumb or foot.", "7. The weight at the bottom of a pendulum.", "8. Among the Cornish miners in England, a tin mine.", "9. In pyrotechnics, a composition of combustible ingredients, which serve to burn, smoke or give light.", "Ball-stock, among printers, a stock somewhat hollow at one end, to which balls of skin, stuffed with wool, are fastened, and which serves as a handle.", "Ball-vein, among miners, a sort of iron ore, found in loose masses, of a circular form, containing sparkling particles.", "Ball and socket, an instrument used in surveying and astronomy, made of brass, with a perpetual screw, to move horizontally, obliquely, or vertically.", "Puff-ball, in botany, the Lycoperdon, a genus of fungeses.", "Fire-ball, a meteor; a luminous globe darting through the atmosphere; also, a bag of canvas filled with gunpowder, sulphur, pitch, saltpeter, &c.,to be thrown by the hand, or from mortars, to set fire to houses.", "BALL, n.Gr.to toss or throw; to leap. An entertainment of dancing; originally and peculiarly, at the invitation and expense of an individual; but the word is used in America, for a dance at the expense of the attendants.", "19", "BALL, v.i. To form into a ball, as snow on horses' hoofs, or on the feet. We say the horse balls, or the snow balls."], "balm": ["B'ALM, n. bam.", "1. The sap or juice of trees or shrubs remarkable odoriferous or aromatic.", "2. Any fragrant or valuable ointment.", "3. Anything which heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain.", "4. In botany, the name of several plants, particularly of the genus Melissa. They are aromatic and used as corroborants.", "Balm of Gilead. A plant of the genus Amyris. Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent; and from this plant is obtained the balm of Gilead of the shops, or balsam of Mecca or of Syria. It has a yellowish or greenish color, a warm bitterish aromatic taste, and an acidulous fragrant smell. It is valued as an odoriferous unguent, and cosmetic, by the Turks, who possess the country of its growth, and hence it is adulterated for market.", "B'ALM, v.t. To anoint with balm, or with any thing medicinal.", "2. To soothe; to mitigate; to assuage."], "band": ["BAND, n.See Bind and Bend.", "1. A fillet; a cord; a tie; a chain; any narrow ligament with which a thing is bound, tied or fastened, or by which a number of things are confined together.", "2. In architecture, any flat low member of molding, broad but not deep, called also fascia, face or plinth.", "3. Figuratively, any chain; any means of restraint; that which draws or confines.", "4. Means of union or connection between persons; as, Hymen's bands.", "5. Any thing bound round or encircling another.", "6. Something worn about the neck; as the bands of clergymen.", "7. A company of soldiers; the body of men united under one flag or ensign. Also, indefinitely, a troop, a body of armed men.", "2 Kings vi.", "8. A company of persons united in any common design; as a band of brothers.", "9. A slip of canvas, sewed across a sail to strengthen it.", "The band of pensioners in England, is a company of 120 gentlemen, who receive a yearly allowance of f100st., for attending the king on solemn occasions.", "The bands of a saddle are two pieces of iron nailed upon the bows, to hold them in their proper situation.", "BAND, v.t. To bind together; to bind over with a band.", "2. To unite in a troop, company or confederacy.", "BAND, v.i. To unite; to associate; to confederate for some common purpose. Acts xxiii."], "banded": ["BAND'ED, pp. Bound with a band; united in a band."], "banding": ["BAND'ING, ppr. Binding with a band; uniting in a band or company."], "banish": ["BAN'ISH, v.t.", "1. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority of the prince or government, either for life or for a limited time. It is common for Russians to be banished to Siberia.", "27", "2. To drive away; to compel to depart; as, to banish sorrow.", "3. To quit one's country voluntarily, and with a view to reside abroad; as, he banished himself."], "banished": ["BAN'ISHED, pp. Compelled to leave one's country; driven away."], "banisher": ["BAN'ISHER, n. One who compels another to quit his country."], "banishing": ["BAN'ISHING, ppr. Compelling to quit one's country; driving away."], "banishment": ["BAN'ISHMENT, n. The act of a prince or government, compelling a citizen to leave his country, either for a limited time or forever, as for some crime.", "2. A voluntary forsaking of one's country upon oath, called abjuration. This practice has now ceased in G.Britain.", "3. The state of being banished; exile.", "4. The act of driving away or dispelling; as the banishment of care from the mind."], "bank": ["BANK, n. Bank and bench are radically the same word. The sense is, that which is set, laid or extended. Applied to a mass of earth, it is a collection, that which is thrown or laid together.", "1. A mound, pile or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding plain, either as a defense or for other purposes. 2 Sam.xx 15.", "2. Any steep acclivity, whether rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side of a ravine, or the steep side of a hillock on a plain. When we speak of the earth in general adjoining a lake or the sea, we use the word shore; but a particular steep acclivity on the side of a lake, river or the sea, is called a bank.", "3. A bench,or a bench of rowers, in a galley; so called from their seat.", "Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojans sweep.", "4. By analogy, a collection or stock of money, deposited, by a number of persons, for a particular use; that is, an aggregate of particulars, or a fund; as, to establish a bank, that is a joint fund.", "5. The place where a collection of money is deposited; a common repository of the money of individuals or of companies; also a house used for a bank.", "6. A company of persons concerned in a bank, whether a private association, or an incorporated company; the stockholders of a bank, or their representatives, the directors, acting in their corporate capacity.", "7. An elevation, or rising ground, in the sea; called also flats, shoals, shelves or shallows. These may rise to the surface of the water or near to it; but the word bank signifies also elevated ground at the bottom of the sea, when many fathoms below the surface, as the banks of Newfoundland."], "banked": ["BANK'ED, pp. Raised in a ridge or mound of earth; inclosed, or fortified with a bank."], "banking": ["BANK'ING, ppr. Raising a mound or bank; inclosing with a bank. When we speak of restraining water, we usually call it banking; when we speak of defending the land, we call it imbanking.", "BANK'ING, n. The business or employment of a banker; the business of establishing a common fund for lending money, discounting notes, issuing bills, receiving deposits, collecting the money on notes deposited, negotiating bills of exchange, &c."], "banner": ["BAN'NER, n. L.pannus.", "1. A square flag; a military ensign; the principal standard of a prince or state.", "2. A streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere.", "3. In botany, the upper petal of a papilionaceous corol."], "bannered": ["BAN'NERED, a. Furnished with or bearing banners.", "Shield the strong foes, and rake the bannered shore."], "banquet": ["BAN'QUET, n. A feast; a rich entertainment of meat and drink. Esther v. Job xli. Amos vi."], "banqueted": ["BAN'QUETED, pp. Feasted; richly entertained at the table."], "banqueter": ["BAN'QUETER, n. A feaster; one who lives deliciously.", "2. One who makes feasts, or rich entertainments.", "30"], "banqueting": ["BAN'QUETING, ppr. Feasting; entertaining with rich fare.", "2. Partaking of rich fare.", "BAN'QUETING, n. A feast; luxurious living; rich entertainment. lPet.iv."], "baptism": ["BAP'TISM, n. Gr. to baptize.", "1. The application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. This is usually performed by sprinkling or immersion.", "2. The sufferings of Christ. Matt.xx22.23.", "3. So much of the gospel as was preached by John, the Baptist. Acts xviii."], "baptismal": ["BAPTIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to baptist; as a baptismal vow."], "baptist": ["BAP'TIST, n. One who administers baptism. This appellation is", "31", "appropriately given to John, the forerunner of Christ.", "2. As a contraction of Anabaptist, one who denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that baptism ought to be administered only to adults by immersing the body in water."], "baptistical": ["BAPTIS'TICAL, a. Pertaining to baptism."], "baptize": ["BAPTI'ZE, v.t. See Baptism. To administer the sacrament of baptism to; to christen. By some denominations of christians, baptism is performed by plunging, or immersing the whole body in water, and this is done to none but adults. More generally the ceremony is performed by sprinkling water on the face of a person, whether an infant or an adult,and in the case of an infant,by giving him a name, in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit, which is called Christening."], "baptized": ["BAPTI'ZED, pp. Having received baptism; christened."], "baptizer": ["BAPTI'ZER, n. One who christens, or administers baptism."], "baptizing": ["BAPTI'ZING, ppr. Administering baptism to; christening."], "bar": ["B'AR, n. If these words are the Eng.bar, the sense is a shoot, that which shoots, passes or is driven.", "1. A piece of wood,iron or other solid matte, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various purposes, but especially for a hindrance or obstruction; as the bars of a fence or gate; the bar of a door or hatchway. Numb.iii.36. Ex.xxvi.26.", "2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders or defends; an obstruction; a fortification. Amos i.", "Must I new bars to my own joy create.", "3. The shore of the sea, which restrains its waters. Job xxxviii.", "4. The railing that incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice. Hence the phrase, at the bar of the court, signifies in open court. Hence also licensed lawyers are called barristers; and hence the whole body of lawyers licensed in a court, are customarily called the bar. A trial at bar, in England, is a trial in the courts of Westminster, opposed to a trial at Nisi Prius, in the circuits.", "5. Figuratively, any tribunal; as the bar of public opinion. Thus the final trial of men is called the bar of God.", "6. The inclosed place of a tavern, inn or coffee house, where the landlord or his servant delivers out liquors,and waits upon customers.", "7. A bank of sand, gravel or earth, forming a shoal at the 32", "mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing entrance, or rendering it difficult.", "8. A rock in the sea, according to Brown; or any thing by which structure is held together, according to Johnson; used in Jonah ii.", "9. Any thing laid across another, as bars in heraldlry, stripes in color,and the like.", "10. In the menage, the highest part of the place in a horse's mouth between the grinders and tusks, so that the part of the mouth which lies under and at the side of the bars, retains the name of the gum. The upper part of the gums, which bears no teeth, and to which the bit is applied.", "11. In music, bars are lines drawn perpendicularly across the lines of the staff, including between each two, a certain quantity of time, or number of beats.", "12. In law, a peremptory exception sufficient to destroy the plaintiff's action. It is divided into a bar to common intendment, and bar special; bar temporary and bar perpetual. Bar to common intendment is an ordinary or general bar, which disables the declaration of the plaintiff. A special bar is more than ordinary, as a fine, release, or justification. A temporary bar is that which is good for a time, but may afterwards cease. A perpetual bar overthrows the action of the plaintiff forever.", "13. A bar of gold or silver,is an ingot, lump or wedge, from the mines, run in a mold, and unwrought. A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought in the forge and hammered from a pig.", "14. Among printers, the iron with a wooden handle,by which the screw of the press is turned.", "15. In the African trade, a denomination of price; payment formerly being made to the Africans in iron bars.", "B'AR, v.t. To fasten with a bar; as, to bar a door, or gate.", "2. To hinder; to obstruct, or prevent; as, to bar the entrance of evil.", "3. To prevent; to exclude; to hinder; to make impracticable; as, the distance between us bars our intercourse. In this sense, the phrase is often varied, thus; the distance bars me from his aid, or bars him from my aid.", "4. To prohibit; to restrain or exclude by express or implied prohibition; as, the statute bars my right; the law bars the use of poisoned weapons.", "5. To obstruct, prevent or hinder by any moral obstacle; as, the right is barred by time, or by statute; a release bars the plaintiff's recovery.", "6. To except; to exclude by exception; as, I bar to night.", "7. To cross with stripes of a different color.", "8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an operation upon the legs of a horse, or other parts, to stop malignant humors. This is done by opening the skin above a vein, disengaging it and tying it both above and below, and striking between the two ligatures.", "9. To adorn with trappings; a contraction of barb. See Barb.", "33"], "barred": ["B'ARRED, pp. Fastened with a bar; hindered; restrained; excluded; forbid; striped; checkered."], "barring": ["B'ARRING, ppr. Making fast with a bar; obstructing; excluding; preventing; prohibiting; crossing with stripes.", "45"], "barb": ["B'ARB, n. L.barba; This is beard, with a different ending. The sense may be, that which shoots out.", "1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it; as the barb of a fish, the smaller claws of the polypus,&c.", "2. The down, or pubes, covering the surface of some plants; or rather, a tuft or bunch of strong hairs terminating leaves.", "3. Anciently, armor for horses; formerly, barbe or barde.", "4. A common name of the barbary pigeon, a bird of a black or dun color.", "5. A horse from Barbary, of which it seems to be a contraction.", "6. The points that stand backward in an arrow, fish-hook or other instrument for piercing, intended to prevent its being extracted.", "7. In botany, a straight process armed with teeth pointing backward like the sting of a bee. This is one sort of pubescence."], "barbe": ["B'ARBE. In the military art, to fire in barbe, is to fire the cannon over the parapet, instead of firing through the embrasures."], "barbed": ["B'ARBED, pp. See Barb.", "1. Furnished with armor; as barbed steeds.", "2. Bearded; jagged with hooks or points; as barbed arrows.", "3. Shaved or trimmed; having the beard dressed."], "barbarian": ["BARBA'RIAN, n. L. barbarus;. The sense is, foreign, wild, fierce.", "1. A man in his rude, savage state; an uncivilized person.", "2. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of pity or humanity.", "3. A foreigner. The Greeks and Romans denominated most foreign nations barbarians; and many of these were less civilized than themselves, or unacquainted with their language, laws and manners. But with them,the word was less reproachful than with us.", "BARBA'RIAN, a. Belonging to savages; rude; uncivilized.", "2. Cruel; inhuman.", "34"], "barbaric": ["BARBAR'IC, a. L. barbaricus. See Barbarian. The Romans applied this word to designate things foreign; Barbaricum aurum, gold from Asia, Virg. AEn.2.504; Barbaricoe vestes,embroidered garments from foreign nations. English writers use the word in a like sense.", "Foreign; imported from foreign nations."], "barbarity": ["BARBAR'ITY, n. See Barbarian. The manners of a barbarian; savageness; cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.", "2. Barbarism; impurity of speech. The use of the word in this sense, is now superseded by barbarism."], "barbarize": ["B'ARBARIZE, v.t. To make barbarous.", "Hideous changes have barbarized France."], "barbarous": ["B'ARBAROUS, a. Uncivilized; savage; unlettered; untutored; ignorant; unacquainted with arts; stranger to civility of manners.", "Thou are a roman; be not barbarous.", "2. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; as barbarous."], "barbarously": ["B'ARBAROUSLY, adv. In the manner of a barbarian; ignorantly; without knowledge or arts; contrary to the rules of speech.", "2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious or inhuman manner."], "barbarousness": ["B'ARBAROUSNESS, n. Rudeness or incivility of manners.", "2. Impurity of language.", "3. Cruelty; inhumanity; barbarity."], "barber": ["B'ARBER, n. One whose occupation is to shave men, or to shave and dress hair.", "B'ARBER, v.t. To shave and dress hair."], "barberness": ["B'ARBERNESS, n. A female barber. Not used."], "bare": ["BARE, a. This word is from opening, separating, stripping.", "1. Naked, without covering; as, the arm is bare; the trees are bare.", "2. With the head uncovered, from respect.", "3. Plain; simple; unadorned; without the polish of refined manners.", "4. Laid open to view; detected; no longer concealed.", "5. Poor; destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished.", "I have made Esau bare. Jer.xlix.", "6. Alone; unaccompanied.", "7. Thread-bare; much worn.", "8. Wanting clothes; or ill supplied with garments.", "Under bare poles, at sea, signifies having no sail set.", "It is often followed by of; as, the country is bare of money.", "BARE, v.t. See Bare, adj.", "To strip off the covering; to make naked; as, to bare the breast.", "BARE, the old preterit of bear, now bore."], "bared": ["BA'RED, pp. Made bare; made naked."], "barely": ["BA'RELY, adv. Nakedly; poorly; indigently; without decoration; merely; only; without any thing more; as a price barely in title."], "bareness": ["BA'RENESS, n. Nakedness; leanness; poverty; indigence; defect of clothes, or the usual covering."], "barefoot": ["BA'REFOOT, a. See Foot.", "With the feet bare; without shoes and stockings. 2 Sam.xv. Isaiah xx.", "BA'REFOOT, a. or adv. With the feet bare; as, to dance barefoot."], "barefooted": ["BA'REFOOTED, a. Having the feet bare."], "bark": ["B'ARK, n. Probably from stripping, separating.", "1. The rind or exterior covering of a tree, corresponding to the skin of an animal. This is composed of the cuticle or epidermis, the outer bark or cortex, and the inner bark or liber. The rough broken matter on bark is, by the common people of New England, called ross.", "39", "2. By way of distinction. Peruvian Bark.", "B'ARK, v.t. To peel; to strip off bark. Also to cover or inclose with bark.", "B'ARK"], "barked": ["B'ARKED, pp. Stripped of the bark; peeled; also covered with bark."], "barking": ["B'ARKING, ppr. Stripping off bark; making the noise of dogs; clamoring; covering with bark."], "barley": ["B'ARLEY, n. L. far; Heb. bar,corn. A species of valuable grain, used especially for making malt, from which are distilled liquors of extensive use, as beer, ale and porter. It is of the genus hordeum, consisting of several species. Those principally cultivated in England, are the common spring barley, the long eared barley, the winter or square barley, by some called big,and the sprat or battledore barley. This grain is used in medicine, as possessing emollient, diluent, and expectorant qualities."], "barn": ["BARN, n.Eng.born. A child. Little used in English."], "barrel": ["BAR'REL, n.", "1. A vessel or cask, of more length than breadth, round and bulging in the middle, made of staves and heading, and bound with hoops.", "2. The quantity which a barrel contains. Of wine measure, the English barrel contains 31 l/2 gallons, of beer measure, 36 gallons; of ale, 32 gallons; and of beer-vinegar, 34 gallons.", "Of weight, a barrel of Essex butter is 106 pounds; of Suffolk butter,256, a barrel of herring should contain 32 gallons wine measure, and hold 1000 herrings; a barrel of salmon should contain 42 gallons; a barrel of soap should weigh 256 lbs.", "In America, the contents of a barrel are regulated by statutes.", "In Connecticut, the barrel for liquors must contain 31 l/2 gallons, each gallon to contain 231 cubic inches. In New York, a barrel of flour by statute must contain either 196 lb. or 228 lb.net weight. The barrel of beef and pork in New York and Connecticut, is 200 lbs. In general, the contents of barrels, as defined by statute, in this country, must be from 28 to 31 1/2 gallons.", "3. Any thing hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun; a tube.", "4. A cylinder; as the barrel of a watch, within which the spring is coiled, and round which is wound the chain.", "5. A cavity behind the tympanum of the ear is called the barrel of the ear. It is four or five lines deep, and five or six wide, and covered with a fine membrane. It is more usually called the cavity of the tympanum.", "BAR'REL, v.t. To put in a barrel; to pack in a barrel with salt for preservation, as to barrel beef, pork or fish."], "barreled": ["BAR'RELED, pp.", "1. Put or packed in a barrel.", "2. In composition, having a barrel or tube; as a double-barreled gun."], "barrelling": ["BAR'RELLING, ppr. Putting or packing in a barrel."], "barren": ["BAR'REN, a. from the same root as bare.", "1. Not producing young, or offspring; applied to animals.", "2. Not producing plants; unfruitful; steril; not fertile; or producing little; unproductive; applied to the earth.", "3. Not producing the usual fruit; applied to tree,&c.", "4. Not copious; scanty; as a scheme barren of hints.", "5. Not containing useful or entertaining ideas; as a barren treatise.", "6. Unmeaning; uninventive; dull; as barren spectators.", "7. Unproductive; not inventive; as a barren mind.", "BAR'REN, n. In the States west of the Allegheny, a word used to denote a tract of land, rising a few feet above the level of a plain, and producing trees and grass. The soil of these barrens is not barren, as the name imports, but often very fertile. It is usually alluvial, to a depth sometimes of several feet.", "44", "2. Any unproductive tract of land; as the pine barrens of South Carolina."], "barrenness": ["BAR'RENNESS, adv. The quality of not producing its kind; want of the power of conception; applied to animals.", "2. Unfruitfulness; sterility, infertility. The quality of not producing at all, or in small quantities; as the barrenness of soil.", "3. Want of invention; want of the power of producing any thing new; applied to the mind.", "4. Want of matter; scantiness; as the barrenness of a cause.", "5. Defect of emotion, sensibility or fervency; as the barrenness of devotion."], "base": ["BASE, a.", "1. Low in place. Obs.", "2. Mean; vile; worthless; that is, low in value or estimation; used of things.", "3. Of low station; of mean account; without rank, dignity or estimation among men; used of persons.", "The base shall behave proudly against the honorable. Is.iii.", "4. Of mean spirit; disingenuous; illiberal; low; without dignity of sentiment; as a base and abject multitude.", "5. Of little comparative value; applied to metals, and perhaps to all metals, except gold and silver.", "6. Deep; grave; applied to sounds; as the base sounds of a viol.", "7. Of illegitimate birth; born out of wedlock.", "8. Not held by honorable tenure. A base estate is an estate held by services not honorable,not in capite, or by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. So writers on the laws of England use the terms, a base fee, a base court.", "48", "Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant. So writers on the laws of England use the terms, a base fee, a base court.", "BASE, n. L. basis; that which is set, the foundation or bottom.", "1. The bottom of any thing, considered as its support or the part of a thing on which it stands or rests; as the base of a column, the pedestal of a statue, the foundation of a house,&c.", "In architecture, the base of a pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a pedestal and the bottom of the shaft; but when there is no pedestal, it is the part between the bottom of the column and the plinth. Usually it consists of certain spires or circles. The pedestal also has its base.", "2. In fortification, the exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which is drawn from the flanked angle of a bastion to the angle opposite to it.", "3. In gunnery, the least sort of ordnance, the diameter of whose bore is l 1/4 inch.", "4. The part of any ornament which hangs down, as housings.", "5. The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone.", "6. In old authors, stockings; armor for the legs.", "7. The place from which racers or tilters start; the bottom of the field; the carcer or starting post.", "8. The lowest or gravest part in music; improperly written bass.", "9. A rustic play, called also bays, or prison bars.", "10. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure. Any side of a triangle may be called its base, but this term most properly belongs to the side which is parallel to the horizon. In rectangled triangles, the base, properly, is the side opposite to the right angle. The base of a solid figure is that on which it stands. The base of a conic section is a right line in the hyperbola and parabola, arising from the common intersection of the secant plane and the base of the cone.", "11. In chimistry, any body which is dissolved by another body, which it receives and fixes. Thus any alkaline, earthy or metallic substance, combining with an acid, forms a compound or neutral salt, of which it is the base. Such salts are called salts with alkaline, earthy or metallic bases.", "12. Thorough base, in music, is the part performed with base viols or theorbos, while the voices sing and other instruments perform their parts, or during the intervals when the other parts stop. It is distinguished by figures over the notes.", "Counter base is a second or double base, when there are several in the same concert.", "BASE, v.t. To embase; to reduce the value by the admixture of meaner metals. Little used.", "2. To found; to lay the base or foundation.", "To base and build the commonwealth of man."], "based": ["BA'SED, pp. Reduced in value; founded."], "basely": ["BA'SELY, adv. In a base manner; meanly; dishonorable.", "2. Illegitimately; in bastardy."], "baseness": ["BA'SENESS, n. Meanness; vileness; worthlessness.", "2. Vileness of metal; the quality of being of little comparative value.", "3. Bastardy; illegitimacy of birth.", "4. Deepness of sound."], "basket": ["B'ASKET, n.", "1. A domestic vessel made of twigs, rushes,splinters or other 52", "flexible things interwoven. The forms and sizes of baskets are very various, as well as the uses to which they are applied; as corn-baskets, clothes-baskets, fruit-baskets, and work-baskets.", "2. The contents of a basket; as much as a basket will contain; as, a basket of medlars is two bushels. But in general, this quantity is indefinite.", "In military affairs, baskets of earth sometimes are used on the parapet of a trench, between which the soldiers fire. They serve for defense against small shot.", "B'ASKET, v.t. To put in a basket."], "bastard": ["B'ASTARD, n. A natural child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate or spurious child. By the civil and canon laws, a bastard becomes a legitimate child, by the intermarriage of the parents, at any future time. But by the laws of this country, as by those of England, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be born after the lawful marriage.", "Bastard eigne', or bastard elder, in law, is when a man has a bastard son, and afterward marries the mother, and has a legitimate son, called mulier puisne, or younger.", "B'ASTARD, n. A kind of sweet wine. Not in use.", "B'ASTARD, a. Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate.", "2. Spurious;; not genuine; false; supposititious; adulterate. In this sense, it is applied to things which resemble those which are genuine, but are really not genuine; as a bastard hope, bastard honors.", "In military affairs, bastard is applied to pieces of artillery which are of an unusual make or proportion, whether longer or shorter, as the double culverin extraordinary, half or quarter culverin extraordinary.", "Bastard-Flower-fence, a plant, a species of Adenanthera.", "Bastard-hemp, a plant, a species of Datisca, false hemp.", "Bastard-Rocket, dyers-weed, or wild woad, a species of Reseda.", "Bastard-Star of Bethlehem, a plant, a species of Albuca.", "Bastard-Scarlet, a red color dyed with balemadder.", "B'ASTARD, v.t. To make or determine to be a bastard."], "bastardism": ["B'ASTARDISM, n. The state of a bastard."], "bastardize": ["B'ASTARDIZE, v.t. To make or prove to be a bastard; to convict of being a bastard; to declare legally, or decide a person to be illegitimate.", "55", "The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the child, if born, though not begotten,in lawful wedlock.", "2. To beget a bastard."], "bastards": ["B'ASTARDS, an appellation given to a faction or troop of bandits, who ravaged Guienne in France in the 14th century; supposed to have been headed by the illegitimate sons of noblemen, who were excluded from the rights of inheritance."], "bat": ["BAT, n.", "1. A heavy stick or club; a piece of wood with one end thicker or broader than the other.", "2. Bat or bate, a small copper coin of Germany, with a small mixture of silver, worth four crutzers. Also a coin of Switzerland, worth five livres.", "3. A term given by miners to shale or bituminous shale.", "BAT, v.i. To manage a bat, or play with one.", "BAT, n. I have not found this word in any European language, except in English.", "A race of quadrupeds, technically called Vespertilio, of the order primates, in Linne's system. The fore feet have the toes connected by a membrane, expanded into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly. The species are numerous. Of these, the vampire or Ternate bat inhabits Africa and the Oriental Isles. These animals fly in flocks from isle to isle, obscuring the sun by their numbers. Their wings when extended measure five or six feet. They live on fruits; but are said sometimes to draw blood from persons when asleep. The bats of the northern latitudes are small; they are viviparous and suckle their young. Their skin resembles that of a mouse. They enter houses in pleasant summer evenings, feed upon moths, flies, flesh, and oily substances, and are torpid during the winter."], "batful": ["BAT'FUL, a. See Batten. Rich, fertile, as land. Not in use."], "batting": ["BAT'TING, n. The management of a bat play."], "bath": ["B'ATH, n.", "1. A place for bathing; a convenient vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash their bodies in. Baths are warm or tepid, hot or cold, more generally called warm and cold. They are also natural or artificial. Natural baths are those which consist of spring water, either hot or cold, which is often impregnated with iron, and called chalybeate, or with sulphur, carbonic acid, and other mineral qualities. These waters are often very efficacious in scorbutic, bilious, dyspeptic and other complaints.", "2. A place in which heat is applied to a body immersed in some substance. Thus,", "A dry bath is made of hot sand, ashes, salt,or other matter, for the purpose of applying heat to a body immersed in them.", "A vapor bath is formed by filling an apartment with hot steam or vapor, in which the body sweats copiously, as in Russia; or the term is used for the application of hot steam to a diseased part of the body.", "A metalline bath is water impregnated with iron or other metallic substance, and applied to a diseased part.", "In chimistry, a wet bath is formed by hot water in which is placed a vessel containing the matter which requires a softer heat than the naked fire.", "In medicine, the animal bath is made by wrapping the part affected in a warm skin just taken from an animal.", "3. A house for bathing. In some eastern countries, baths are very magnificent edifices.", "4. A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and four pints, as a measure for liquids; and three pecks and three pints, as a dry measure."], "bathe": ["BATHE, v.t.", "1. To wash the body, or some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath; it often differs from ordinary washing in a longer application of water, to the body or to a particular part, as for the purpose of cleansing or stimulating the skin.", "2. To wash or moisten, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or for cleansing, as a wound.", "3. To moisten or suffuse with a liquid; as, to bathe in tears or blood.", "BATHE, v.i. To be or lie in a bath; to be in water, or in other liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid, as in a bath; as, to bathe in fiery floods."], "bathed": ["BA'THED, pp. Washed as in a bath; moistened with a liquid; bedewed."], "bathing": ["BA'THING, ppr. Washing by immersion, or by applying a liquid; moistening; fomenting.", "BA'THING, n. The act of bathing, or washing the body in water."], "batter": ["BAT'TER, v.t. L. batuo, to beat. See Beat.", "1. To beat with successive blows; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or demolish;, as, to batter a wall.", "2. To wear or impair with beating; as a battered pavement; a battered jade.", "3. To attack with a battering ram.", "4. To attack with heavy artillery, for the purpose of making a breach in a wall or rampart.", "BAT'TER, v.i. To swell, bulge or stand out, as a timber or side of a wall from its foundation.", "BAT'TER, n. from beat or batter. A mixture of several ingredients, as flour, eggs, salt, &c., beaten together with some liquor, used in cookery."], "battered": ["BAT'TERED, pp. Beaten; bruised, broken, impaired by beating or wearing."], "batterer": ["BAT'TERER, n. One who batters or beats."], "battering": ["BAT'TERING, ppr. Beating; dashing against; bruising or demolishing by beating."], "battle": ["BAT'TLE, n. See Beat. Owen supposes the Welsh batel, to be from tel, tight, stretched, compact, and the word primarily to have expressed the drawing of the bow. This is probably an error. The first battles of men were with clubs, or some weapons used in beating, striking. Hence the club of Hercules. And although the moderns use different weapons, still a battle is some mode of beating or striking.", "1. A fight, or encounter between enemies, or opposing armies; an engagement. It is usually applied to armies or large bodies of men; but in popular language, the word is applied to an encounter between small bodies, between individuals, or inferior animals. It is also more generally applied to the encounters of land forces than of ships; the encounters of the latter being called engagements. But battle is applicable to any combat of enemies.", "2. A body of forces, or division of an army.", "The main body, as distinct from the van and rear.", "To give battle, is to attack an enemy; to join battle, is properly to meet the attack; but perhaps this distinction is not always observed.", "A pitched battle is one in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a regular disposition of the forces.", "To turn the battle to the gate, is to fight valiantly, and drive the enemy, who hath entered the city, back to the gate. Is.28.", "BAT'TLE, v.i. To join in battle; to contend in fight; sometimes with it; as, to battle it.", "BAT'TLE, v.t. To cover with armed force."], "battling": ["BAT'TLING, n. Conflict."], "battlement": ["BAT'TLEMENT, n. This is said to have been bastillement, from bastille, a fortification.", "A wall raised on a building with openings or embrasures, or the", "embrasure itself."], "battlemented": ["BAT'TLEMENTED, a. Secured by battlements."], "bay": ["BAY, a. L.badius. Blass Bd. Red, or reddish, inclining to a chestnut color; applied to the color of horses. The shades of this color are called light bay, dark bay, dappled bay, gilded bay, chestnut bay. In popular language, in England, all bay horses are called brown.", "BAY, n.", "1. An arm of the sea, extending into the land, not of any definite form, but smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. The name,however, is not used with much precision, and is often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land forms a curve, as Hudson's Bay. Nor is the name restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but used for any recess or inlet between capes of head lands, as the bay of Biscay.", "2. A pond-head,or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driving mill-wheels. I believe not used in U.S.", "3. In a barn, a place between the floor and the end of the building, or a low inclosed place, for depositing hay.", "In England, says Johnson, if a barn consists of a floor and two heads, where they lay corn, they call it a barn of two bays. These bays are from 14 to 20 feet long, and floors from 10 to 12 feet broad, and usually 20 feet long, which is the breadth of the barn.", "4. In ships of war, that part on each side between decks which lies between the bitts.", "5. Any kind of opening in walls."], "bayed": ["BA'YED, a. Having bays, as a building."], "bays": ["BAYS, or BAYZE. See Baize."], "bdellium": ["BDEL'LIUM, n. Bochard and Parkhurst translate it, pearl. Gen.2. But it is doubtful whether the bdellium of the scriptures is that now used.", "A gummy resinous juice, produced by a tree in the East Indies, of which we have no satisfactory account. It is brought from the E. Indies and from Arabia, in pieces of different sizes and figures, externally of a dark reddish brown, internally, clear and not unlike to glue. To the taste, it is slightly bitterish and pungent; its odor is agreeable. In the mouth, it becomes soft and sticks to the teeth; on a red hot iron, it readily catches flame and burns with a crackling noise. It is used as a perfume and a medicine, being a weak deobstruent."], "be": ["BE, v.i. substantive, ppr.being; pp.been.The sense is to stand, remain or be fixed; hence to continue. This verb is defective, and its defects are supplied by verbs from other roots, as, is, was, were, which have no radical connection with be. The case is the same with the substantive verb in most languages.", "1. To be fixed; to exist; to have a real state or existence,for a longer or shorter time.", "Let this mind be in you, which was in Christ Jesus. Phil.2.", "To be, contents his natural desire.", "2. To be made to be; to become.", "And they twain shall be one flesh. Math.19. Jer.32.", "3. To remain. Let the garment be as it was made.", "4. To be present in a place. Where was I at the time? When will you be at my house?", "5. To have a particular manner of being or happening; as, how is this affair? how was it? what were the circumstances?", "This verb is used as an auxiliary in forming the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving them the passive form; as, he has been disturbed. It forms, with the infinitive, a particular future tense, which often expresses duty, necessity or purpose; as, government is to be supported; we are to pay our just debts.", "Let be is to omit,or leave untouched; to let alone.", "Let be,said he, my prey.", "BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck,is the same word as by. It is common to the English, Saxon, Gothic, German, Dutch, Danish and Swedish languages. It occurs probably in the Russian, but is written po, as it is in possideo and a few other words in the Latin. It denotes nearness, closeness, about, or, at, from some root signifying to pass or to press. See By.", "That this word is the Shemitic, used as a prefix, is certain, not only from its general applications, which may be seen by comparing the uses of the word, in the Heb. for instance, with those in the Saxon; but from its use in particular phrases, particularly in its use before the name of the Supreme being in swearing."], "being": ["BE'ING, ppr. See Be. Existing in a certain state.", "Man, being in honor, abideth not. Ps.49.", "BE'ING,n. Existence; as, God is the author of our being.", "In God we live, and move, and have our being. Acts 17.", "1. A particular state or condition. This is hardly a different sense.", "2. A person existing; applied to the human race.", "3. An immaterial, intelligent existence, or spirit.", "Superior beings, when of late they saw.", "A mortal man unfold all nature's law--", "4. An animal; any living creature.", "Animals are such beings, as are endowed with sensation and spontaneous motion."], "beacon": ["BE'ACON, n. beekn.", "1. A signal erected on a long pole, upon an eminence, consisting of a pitch barrel, or some combustible matter, to be fired at night, or to cause a smoke by day, to notify the approach of an enemy.", "2. A light-house; a house erected on a point on land, or other place on the sea-coast, with lamps which burn at night, to direct navigators, and preserve vessels from running upon rocks, sand banks, or the shore. In general, a beacon may be any light or mark intended for direction and security against danger.", "3. Figuratively, that which gives notice of danger."], "beam": ["BEAM, n. We see by the Gothic, that the word belongs to Class Bg. It properly signifies the stock or stem of a tree; that is, the fixed, firm part.", "1. The largest, or a principal piece in a building, that lies across the walls, and serves to support the principal rafters.", "2. Any large piece of timber, long in proportion to its thickness, and squared, or hewed for use.", "3. The part of a balance, from the ends of which the scales are suspended; sometimes used for the whole apparatus for weighing.", "4. The part on the head of a stag, which bears the antlers, royals and tops.", "5. The pole of a carriage, which runs between the horses.", "6. A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving; and this name is given also to the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled,as it is wove.", "7. The straight part or shank of an anchor.", "8. In ships, a great main cross timber, which holds the sides of a ship from falling together. The beams support the decks and orlops. The main beam is next the mainmast.", "9. The main piece of a plow, in which the plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn.", "10. Beam compass, an instrument consisting of a square wooden or brass beam, having sliding sockets, that carry steel or pencil points; used for describing large circles, and in large projections for drawing the furniture on wall-dials.", "On the beam, in navigation, signified any distance from the ship, on a line with the beams, or at right angles with the keel.", "Before the beam, is an arch of the horizon between a line that crosses the ship at right angles, or the line of the beam, and that point of the compass which she steers.", "Beam ends. A vessel is said to be on her beam ends, when she inclines so much on one side that her beams approach a vertical position.", "Beam-feathers, in falconry, the long feathers of a hawk's wing."], "beaming": ["BE'AMING, ppr. Emitting rays of light or beams.", "BE'AMING, n. Radiation; the emission or darting of light in rays.", "1. The issuing of intellectual light; dawn; prophetic intimation; first indication."], "bean": ["BEAN, n. A name given to several kinds of pulse, or leguminous seeds, and the plants producing them. They belong to several genera, particularly Vicia, Phaseolus and Dolichos. The varieties most usually cultivated are, the horse bean, the mazagan, the kidney bean, the cranberry bean, the lima bean, the frost bean, &c. The stalk is erect or climbing, and the fruit generally roundish, oval or flat,and of various colors.", "Malacca-beans. Anacardia, the fruit of a tree growing in Malabar, and other parts of the Indies. This fruit is of a shining black color, of the shape of a heart flattened, about an inch long, terminating at one end in an obtuse point, and at the other, adhering to a wrinkles stalk. In contains, within two shells, a kernel of a sweetish taste; and betwixt the shells is lodged a thick acrid juice."], "bear": ["BEAR, v.t. pret.bore; pp. born,borne. L. fero, pario, porto. The primary sense is to throw out, to bring forth, or in general, to thrust or drive along.", "1. To support; to sustain; as, to bear a weight or burden.", "2. To carry; to convey; to support and remove from place to place; as, \"they bear him upon the shoulder;\", \"the eagle beareth them on her wings.\"", "3. To wear; to bear as a mark of authority or distinction; as, to bear a sword, a badge, a name; to bear arms in a coat.", "4. To keep afloat; as, the water bears a ship.", "5. To support or sustain without sinking or yielding; to endure; as, a man can bear severe pain or calamity; or to sustain with proportionate strength, and without injury; as, a man may bear stronger food or drink.", "6. To entertain; to carry in the mind; as, to bear a great love for a friend; to bear inveterate hatred to gaming.", "7. To suffer; to undergo; as, to bear punishment.", "8. To suffer without resentment, or interference to prevent; to have patience; as, to bear neglect or indignities.", "9. To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer or sustain without violence,injury,or change; as, to give words the most favorable interpretation they will bear.", "10. To bring forth or produce, as the fruit of plants, or the young of animals; as, to bear apples; to bear children.", "11. To give birth to, or be the native place of.", "Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore.", "12. To possess and use as power; to exercise; as, to bear sway.", "13. To gain or win.", "Some think to bear it by speaking a great word. Not now used. The phrase now used is, to bear away.", "14. To carry on, or maintain; to have; as, to bear a part in conversation.", "15. To show or exhibit; to relate; as, to bear testimony or witness. This seems to imply utterance, like the Latin fero, to relate or utter.", "16. To sustain the effect, or be answerable for; as, to bear the blame.", "17. To sustain, as expense; to supply the means of paying; as, to bear the charges, that is, to pay the expenses.", "18. To be the object of.", "Let me but bear your love, and I'll bear your cares.", "19. To behave; to act in any character; as,\"hath he borne himself penitent?\"", "20. To remove, or to endure the effects of; and hence to give satisfaction for.", "He shall bear their iniquities. Is. 53. Heb.9.", "To bear the infirmities of the weak, to bear one another's burdens, is to be charitable towards their faults, to sympathize with them, and to aid them in distress.", "To bear off, is to restrain; to keep from approach; and in seamanship, to remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against any thing; as, to bear off a blow; to bear off a boat; also, to carry away; as, to bear off stolen goods.", "To bear down, is to impel or urge; to overthrow or crush by force; as, to bear down an enemy.", "To bear down upon, to press to overtake; to make all sail to come up with.", "To bear hard, is to press or urge.", "Cesar doth bear me hard.", "To bear on, is to press against; also to carry forward, to press, incite or animate.", "Confidence hath borne thee on.", "To bear through, is to conduct or manage; as,\"to bear through the consulship.\" B.Jonson. Also, to maintain or support to the end; as, religion will bear us through the evils of life.", "To bear out, is to maintain and support to the end; to defend to the last.", "Company only can bear a man out in an ill thing.", "To bear up, to support; to keep from falling.", "Religious hope bears up the mind under sufferings.", "To bear up, to keep afloat.", "To bear a body. A color is said to bear a body in painting, when it is capable of being ground so fine, and mixed so entirely with the oil, as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color. To bear date, is to have the mark of time when written or executed; as, a letter or bond bears date, Jan.6,1811.", "To bear a price,is to have a certain price. In common mercantile language,it often signifies or implies, to bear a good or high price.", "To bear in hand, to amuse with false pretenses; to deceive.", "I believe this phrase is obsolete, or never used in America.", "To bear a hand, in seamanship, is to make haste, be quick."], "bearing": ["BEARING, ppr. Supporting; carrying; producing."], "beard": ["BEARD, n. berd. L.barba.", "1. The hair that grows on the chin,lips and adjacent parts of the face,chiefly of male adults; hence a mark of virility. A gray beard, long beard and reverend beard, are terms for old age.", "2. Beard is sometimes used for the face, and to do a thing to a man's beard,is to do it in defiance, or to his face.", "3. The awn or sharp prickles on the ears of corn. But more technically, parallel hairs or a tuft of stiff hairs terminating the leaves of plants, a species of pubescence. By some authors the name is given to the lower lip of a ringent corol.", "4. A barb or sharp point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward from the end to prevent its being easily drawn out.", "5. The beard or chuck of a horse, is that part which bears the curb of a bridle,underneath the lower mandible and above the chin.", "6. The rays of a comet, emitted towards that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems to direct it.", "7. The threads or hairs of an oyster, muscle or similar shell-fish, by which they fasten themselves to stones.", "8. In insects, two small, oblong, fleshy bodies, placed just above the trunk, as in gnats, moths and butterflies.", "BEARD, v.t. berd. To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard, in contempt or anger.", "1. To oppose to the face; to set at defiance.", "I have been bearded by boys."], "bearded": ["BEARD'ED, a. berd'ed. Having a beard, as a man. Having parallel hairs or tufts of hair, as the leaves of plants.", "1. Barbed or jagged, as an arrow.", "BEARD'ED, pp. berd'ed. Taken by the beard; opposed to the face."], "bearding": ["BEARD'ING, ppr. berd'ing. Taking by the beard; opposing to the face."], "bearer": ["BEARER, n. See Bear. One who bears, sustains, or carries; a carrier, especially of a corpse to the grave.", "1. One who wears any thing, as a badge or sword.", "2. A tree or plant that yields its fruit; as a good bearer.", "3. In architecture, a post or brick wall between the ends of a piece of timber, to support it. In general, any thing that supports another thing.", "4. In heraldry, a figure in an achievement, placed by the side of a shield, and seeming to support it; generally the figure of a beast. The figure of a human creature for a like purpose is called a tenant."], "beast": ["BEAST, n. L. bestia. See Boisterous.", "1. Any four footed animal, which may be used for labor, food or sport; distinguished from fowls, insects, fishes and man; as beasts of burden, beasts of the chase, beasts of the forest. It is usually applied to large animals.", "2. Opposed to man, it signifies any irrational animal, as in the phrase \"man and beast.\" So wild beast.", "3. Figuratively, a brutal man; a person rude, coarse, filthy, or acting in a manner unworthy of a rational creature.", "4. A game at cards. Hence to beast."], "beat": ["BEAT, v.t. pret. beat; pp. beat, beaten. L. batuo. See Abate.", "1. To strike repeatedly; to lay on repeated blows, with a stick, with the hand or fist, or with any instrument, and for any cause,just or unjust, or for punishment. Luke 12. Deut.25.", "2. To strike an instrument of music; to play on, as a drum.", "3. To break, bruise,comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding, as pepper or spices. Ex.30.", "4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable substance; or to hammer into any form; to forge. Ex.39.", "5. To strike bushes, to shake by beating, or to make a noise to rouse game.", "6. To thresh; to force out corn from the husk by blows.", "7. To break, mix or agitate by beating; as, to beat an egg with any other thing.", "8. To dash or strike, as water; to strike or brush, as wind.", "9. To tread, as a path.", "10. To overcome in a battle, contest or strife; to vanquish or conquer; as, one beats another at play.", "Phrrhus beat the Carthaginians at sea.", "11. To harass; to exercise severely; to overlabor; as, to beat the brains about logic.", "To beat down, to break, destroy, throw down, by beating or battering, as a wall.", "Also, to press down or lay flat, as by treading, by a current of water, by violent wind, &c.", "Also, to lower the price by importunity or argument.", "Also, to depress or crush; as, to bet down opposition.", "Also, to sink or lessen the price or value.", "Usury beats down the price of land.", "To beat back, to compel to retire or return.", "To beat into, to teach or instill, by repetition of instruction.", "To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters.", "To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation.", "To beat off, to repel or drive back.", "To beat the hoof, to walk; to go on foot.", "To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.", "In the manerge, a horse beats the dust, when at each motion he does not take in ground enough with his fore legs; and at curvets, when he does them too precipitately, or too low. He beats upon a walk, when he walks too short.", "To beat out, to extend by hammering. In popular use, to be beat out, is to be extremely fatigued; to have the strength exhausted by labor or exertion.", "BEAT, v.i. To more with pulsation, as the pulse beats; or to throb, as the heart beats.", "1. To dash with force, as a storm, flood, passion, &c.; as, the tempest beats against the house.", "2. To knock at a door. Judges 19.", "3. To fluctuate; to be in agitation.", "To beat about, to try to find; to search by various means or ways.", "To beat upon, to act upon with violence.", "Also, to speak frequently; to enforce by repetition.", "To beat up for soldiers,is to go about to enlist men into the army.", "In seamanship, to beat, is to make progress against the direction of the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse.", "With hunters, a stag beats up and down, when he runs first one way and then another.", "BEAT, n. A stroke; a striking; a blow, whether with the hand, or with a weapon.", "1. A pulsation; as the beat of the pulse.", "2. The rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regulating the divisions of time in music.", "3. A transient grace-note in music, struck immediately before the note it is intended to ornament.", "In the military art, the beat of drum, is a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes; as to regulate a march to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack or retreat, &c.", "The beat of a watch or clock, is the stroke made by the fangs or pallets of the spindle of the balance, or of the pads in a royal pendulum.", "BEAT"], "beating": ["BE'ATING, ppr. Laying on blows; striking; dashing against; conquering; pounding; sailing against the direction of the wind; &c.", "BE'ATING,n. The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or chastisement by blows.", "The beating of flax and hemp is an operation which renders them more soft and pliable. For this purpose, they are made into rolls and laid in a trough, where they are beat, till no roughness or hardness can be felt.", "In book binding, beating is performed by laying the book in quires or sheets folded, on a block, and beating it with a heavy broad-faced hammer. On this operation the elegance of the binding and the easy opening of the book chiefly depend.", "Beating the wind, was a practice in the ancient trial by combat. If one of the combatants did not appear on the field, the other was to beat the wind, by making flourishes with his weapons; by which he was entitled to the advantages of a conqueror.", "Beatings, in music, the regular pulsative swellings of sound, produced in an organ by pipes of the same key, when not in unison, and their vibrations not simultaneous or coincident."], "beaten": ["BE'ATEN, pp. Struck; dashed against; pressed or laid down; hammered; pounded; vanquished; make smooth by treading; worn by use; tracked."], "beautifier": ["BEAU'TIFIER, n. bu'tifier. He or that which makes beautiful."], "beautify": ["BEAU'TIFY, v.t. bu'tify. beauty and L. facio.", "To make or render beautiful; to adorn; to deck; to grace; to add beauty to; to embellish.", "BEAU'TIFY, v.i. bu'tify. To become beautiful; to advance in beauty."], "beautiful": ["BEAU'TIFUL, a. bu'tiful. beauty and full.", "1. Elegant in form, fair,having the form that pleases the eye. It expresses more than handsome.", "A beautiful woman is one of the most attractive objects in all nature's works.", "A circle is more beautiful than a square; a square is more beautiful than a parallelogram.", "2. Having the qualities which constitute beauty, or that which pleases the senses other than the sight; as a beautiful sound."], "beautifulness": ["BEAU'TIFULNESS, n. bu'tifulness. Elegance of form; beauty; the quality of being beautiful."], "beauty": ["BEAU'TY, n. bu'ty.", "1. An assemblage of graces, or an assemblage of properties in the form of the person or any other object, which pleases the eye. In the person, due proportion or symmetry of parts constitutes the most essential property to which we annex the term beauty. In the face, the regularity and symmetry of the features, the color of the skin, the expression of the eye, are among the principal properties which constitute beauty. But as it is hardly possible to define all the properties which constitute beauty, we may observe in general, that beauty consists in whatever pleases the eye of the beholder, whether in the human body, in a tree, in a landscape, or in any other object.", "Beauty is intrinsic, and perceived by the eye at first view, or relative, to perceive which the aid of the understanding and reflection is requisite. Thus, the beauty of a machine is not perceived, till we understand its uses, and adaptation to its purpose. This is called the beauty of utility. By any easy transition, the word beauty is used to express what is pleasing to the other senses, or to the understanding. Thus we say, the beauty of a thought, of a remark, of sound, &c.", "So beauty, armed with virtue, bows the soul", "With a commanding, but a sweet control.", "2. A particular grace, feature or ornament; any particular thing which is beautiful and pleasing; as the beauties of nature.", "3. A particular excellence, or a part which surpasses in excellence that with which it is united; as the beauties of an author.", "4. A beautiful person, In scripture, the chief dignity or ornament. 2 Sam.1.", "5. In the arts, symmetry of parts; harmony; justness of composition.", "6. Joy and gladness. Is.61. Order, prosperity,peace,holiness, Ezek. 26.", "BEAU'TY, v.t. bu'ty. To adorn; to beautify or embellish. Obs."], "became": ["BECA'ME, pret. of become See Become."], "because": ["BECAUSE, becauz' a compound word. See By and Cause.", "By cause, or by the cause; on this account; for the cause which is explained in the next proposition; for the reason next explained. Thus, I fled, because I was afraid, is to be thus resolved; I fled, by the cause, for the cause, which is mentioned in the next affirmation, viz. I was afraid. Hence, cause being a noun, because may be regularly followed by of.", "The spirit is life, because of righteousness.", "Because of these cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience."], "beckon": ["BECK'ON, v.t. bek'n. See Beck.", "To make a sign to another, by nodding, winking, or a motion of the hand or finger, &c.,intended as a hint or intimation. Acts.19.", "BECK'ON, v.t. bek'n. To make a significant sign to."], "beckoned": ["BECK'ONED, pp. Having a sign made to."], "beckoning": ["BECK'ONING, ppr. Making a significant sign, as a hint."], "become": ["BECOME, v.i. becum'. pret. became, pp. become.", "1. To pass from one state to another; to enter into some state or condition, by a change from another state or condition, or by assuming or receiving new properties or qualities, additional matter, or a new character; as, a cion becomes a tree.", "The Lord God breathed into his nostrils the breath of like and man became a living soul.", "To the Jew, I became a Jew.", "2. To become of, usually with what preceding; to be the fate of; to be the end of; to be the final or subsequent condition; as, what will become of our commerce? what will become of us?", "In the present tense, it applies to place as well as condition. What has become of my friend? that is, where is he? as well as, what is his condition? Where is he become? used by Shakespeare and Spenser, is obsolete; but this is the sense in Saxon, where has he fallen?", "BECOME, v.t. In general, to suit or be suitable; to be congruous; to befit; to accord with, in character or circumstances; to be worthy of, decent or proper. It is used in the same sense applied to persons or things.", "If I become not a cart as well as another man.", "This use of the word however is less frequent, the verb usually expressing the suitableness of things, to persons or to other things; as, a robe becomes a prince.", "It becomes not a cart as well as another man."], "becoming": ["BECOM'ING,ppr., but used rarely or never except as an adjective. Fit; suitable; congruous; proper; graceful; belonging to the character, or adapted to circumstances; as, he speaks with becoming boldness; a dress is very becoming.", "Some writers formerly used of, after this word.", "Such discourses as are becoming of them.", "But this use is inelegant or improper.", "BECOM'ING, a. Ornament. Obs."], "becomingly": ["BECOM'INGLY, adv. After a becoming or proper manner."], "bed": ["BED, n. The sense is a lay or spread, from laying or setting.", "1. A place or an article of furniture to sleep and take rest on; in modern times, and among civilized men, a sack or tick filled with feathers or wool; but a bed may be made of straw or any other materials. The word bed includes often the bedstead.", "2. Lodging; a convenient place for sleep.", "3. Marriage; matrimonial connection.", "George, the eldest son of his second bed.", "4. A plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little raised above the adjoining ground.", "5. The channel of a river,or that part in which the water usually flows.", "6. Any hollow place, especially in the arts; a hollow place, in which any thing rests; as the bed of a mortar.", "7. A layer; a stratum; an extended mass of any thing, whether upon the earth or within it; as a bed of sulphur; a bed of sand or clay.", "8. Pain, torment. Rev.2. The grave. Is.57. The lawful use of wedlock. Heb.13.", "The bed of the carriage of a gun is a thick plank which lies under the piece, being, as it were, the body of the carriage.", "The bed of a mortar is a solid piece of oak, hollow in the middle, to receive the britch and half the trunnions.", "In masonry, bed is a range of stones, and the joint of the bed is the mortar between two stones placed over each other.", "Bed of justice, in France, was a throne on which the king was seated when he went to parliament. Hence the phrase, to hold a bed of justice.", "To make a bed, is to put it in order after it has been used.", "To bring to bed, to deliver of a child, is rarely used. But in the passive form, to be brought to bed, that is, to be delivered of a child, is common. It is often followed by of; as, to be brought to bed of a son.", "To put to bed, in midwifery, is to deliver of a child.", "Dining bed, or discubitory bed, among the ancients, a bed on which persons lay at meals. It was four or five feet high, and would hold three or four persons. Three of these beds were ranged by a square table, one side of the table being left open, and accessible to the waiters. Hence the Latin name for the table and the room, triclinium, or three beds.", "From bed and board. In law, a separation of man and wife,without dissolving the bands of matrimony, is called a separation from bed and board, a mensa et thoro. In this case the wife has a suitable maintenance allotted to her out of the husband's estate, called alimony."], "bedded": ["BED'DED, pp. Laid in a bed; inclosed as in a bed."], "bedding": ["BED'DING, ppr. Laying in a bed; inclosing as in a bed.", "BED'DING, n. A bed and its furniture; a bed; the materials of a bed, whether for man or beast."], "bedchamber": ["BED'CHAMBER, n. bed and chamber. An apartment or chamber intended or appropriated for a bed, or for sleep and repose."], "bedstead": ["BED'STEAD, n. bed'sted. bed and stead. A frame for supporting a bed."], "bee": ["BEE, n. An insect of the genus Apis. See Apis. The species are numerous, of which the honey-bee is the most interesting to man. It has been cultivated from the earliest periods, for its wax and honey. It lives in swarms or societies, of from 10,000 to 50,000 individuals. These swarms contain three classes of bees, the females or queen bees, the males or drones, and the neuters or working bees. Of the former, there is only one in each hive or swarm, whose sole office is to propagate the species. It is much larger than the other bees. The drones serve merely for impregnating the queen, after which they are destroyed by the neuters. These last are the laborers of the hive. They collect the honey, form the cells, and feed the other bees and the young. They are furnished with a proboscis by which they suck the honey from flowers, and a mouth by which they swallow it, and then convey it to the hive in their stomachs, where they disgorge it into the cells. The pollen of flowers settles on the hairs with which their body is covered, whence it is collected into pellets, by a brush on their second pair of legs,and deposited in a hollow in the third pair. It is called bee bread, and is the food of the larvae or young. The adult bees feed on honey. The wax was supposed to be formed from pollen by a digestive process, but it is now ascertained that it is formed from the honey by a similar process. The females and neuters have a barbed sting, attached to a bag of poison, which flows into the wound inflicted by the sting. When a hive is overstocked, a new colony is sent out under the direction of a queen bee. This is called swarming."], "been": ["BEEN, Part.perf. of be; pronounced bin. In old authors, it is also the present tense plural of be.", "BEEN, n. A fretted stringed instrument of music of the guitar kind, having nineteen frets; used in India."], "beer": ["BEER, n.", "1. A spirituous liquor made from any farinaceous grain; but generally from barley, which is first malted and ground, and its fermentable substance extracted by hot water. This extract or infusion is evaporated by boiling in caldrons, and hops or some other plant of an agreeable bitterness added. The liquor is then suffered to ferment in vats. Beer is of different degrees of strength, and is denominated small beer, ale, porter, brown stout, &c.,according to its strength, or other peculiar qualities.", "2. Beer is a name given in America to fermenting liquors made of various other materials; and when a decoction of the roots of plants forms a part of the composition, it is called spring-beer, from the season in which it is made."], "beetle": ["BEE'TLE, n.", "1. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer,used to drive wedges, beat pavements, &c.; called also a stamper, or rammer.", "2. In zoology, a genus of insects, the scarabaeus, of many species. The generic characters are, clavated antennae, fissile longitudinally, legs frequently dentated, and wings which have hard cases, or sheaths. The bones of these insects are placed externally, and their muscles within. They are of different sizes, from that of a pin's head, to that of a man's fist. Some are produced in a month, and go through their existence in a year; in others, four years are required to produce them, and they live as winged insects a year more. They have various names, as the may-bug, the dorr-beetle, the cock-chaffer, the tumble-dung, the elephant-beetle,&c. The latter, found in South America,is the largest species, being four inches long.", "BEE'TLE, v.i. bee'tl. To jut; to be prominent; to hang or extend out; as, a cliff that beetles over its base."], "beetling": ["BEE'TLING, ppr. Jutting; being prominent; standing out from the main body."], "beeves": ["BEEVES, n. plu. of beef. Cattle; quadrupeds of the bovine genus, called in England, black cattle."], "befall": ["BEFALL', v.t. pret. befell; part. befallen.", "To happen to; to occur to; as, let me know the worst that can befall me. It usually denotes ill. It is generally transitive in form, but there seems to be an ellipsis of to,and to sometimes follows it.", "BEFALL', v.i. To happen; to come to pass.", "To befall of is not legitimate."], "befalling": ["BEFALL'ING,ppr. Happening to; occurring to; coming to pass."], "befell": ["BEFELL', pret. of befall."], "before": ["BEFO'RE, prep. be and fore, that is by fore, near the fore part.", "1. In front; on the side with the face, at any distance; used of persons.", "2. In presence of, with the idea of power, authority, respect.", "Abraham bowed before the people of the land. Gen.23.", "Wherewithal shall I come before the Lord. Micah 6.", "3. In sight of; as before the face.", "4. In the presence of, noting cognizance of jurisdiction.", "5. In the power of, noting the right or ability to choose or possess; free to the choice.", "The world was all before them.", "My land is before thee. Gen.20.", "6. In front of any object; as before the house; before the fire.", "7. Preceding in time.", "Before I was afflicted, I went astray. Ps.119.", "Before Abraham was, I am. John 8.", "Here the preposition has a sentence following for an object.", "8. In preference to.", "And he set Ephraim before Manasseh. Gen.48.", "Poverty is desirable before torments.", "9. Superior; preceding in dignity.", "He that cometh after me is preferred before me, for he was before me. John l.", "10. Prior to; having prior right; preceding in order; as, the eldest son is before the younger in succession.", "11. Previous to; in previous order; in order to.", "Before this treatise can become of use, two points are necessary.", "12. Before the wind, is to move in the direction of the wind by its impulse.", "BEFO'RE, adv. In time preceding.", "You tell me what I knew before.", "1. In time preceding, to the present, or to this time; hitherto; as, tumults then arose which before were unknown.", "2. Further onward in place, in progress, or in front.", "Reaching forth to those things which are before. Phil.3.", "3. In front; on the fore part.", "The battle was before and behind. 2 Chron.13.", "In some of the examples of the use of before, which Johnson places under the adverb, the word is a preposition governing a sentence; as, \"Before the hills appeared.\" This is the real construction,however overlooked or misunderstood."], "beforehand": ["BEFO'REHAND, adv. before and hand. In a state of anticipation or preoccupation; often followed by with; as, you are before hand with me.", "1. Antecedently; by way of preparation or preliminary; aforetime. Math.13. 1 Tim.5.", "2. In a state of accumulation, so as that more has been received than expended. A man is beforehand. In this use it is more properly an adjective.", "3. At first; before any thing is done."], "beg": ["BEG , n. In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a town or country; more particularly, the lord of a sangiac or banner. Every province is divided into seven sangiacs or banners, each of which qualifies a bey; and these are commanded by the governor of the province, called begler-beg or lord of all the beys. Each beg has the command of a certain number of spahis, or horse, denominated", "timariots.", "In Tunis, the beg or bey is the prince or king, answering to the dey of Algiers.", "In Egypt, the begs are twelve generals who command the militia, or standing forces of the kingdom."], "begged": ["BEG'GED, pp. Entreated; supplicated; asked in charity."], "begging": ["BEG'GING, ppr. Asking alms; supplicating; assuming without proof.", "BEG'GING, n. The act of soliciting alms; the practice of asking alms; as, he lives by begging."], "beget": ["BEGET', v.t. pret. begot, begat; pp. begot, begotten.", "1. To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate; as, to beget a son.", "2. To produce, as an effect; to cause to exist; to generate; as, luxury begets vice."], "beggar": ["BEG'GAR, n. See Beg. One that lives by asking alms, or makes it his business to beg for charity.", "1. One who supplicates with humility; a petitioner; but in this sense rarely used, as the word has become a term of contempt.", "2. One who assumes in argument what he does not prove.", "BEG'GAR, v.t. To reduce to beggary; to impoverish.", "1. To deprive or make destitute; to exhaust; as, to beggar description."], "beggared": ["BEG'GARED, pp. Reduced to extreme poverty."], "beggaring": ["BEG'GARING, ppr. Reducing to indigence or a state of beggary."], "beggarliness": ["BEG'GARLINESS, n. The state of being beggarly; meanness; extreme poverty."], "beggarly": ["BEG'GARLY, a. Mean; poor; in the condition of a beggar; extremely indigent."], "begin": ["BEGIN', v.i. pret. began; pp. begun. L.genero,gigno; Heb.to make ready, to adapt,prepare, establish.", "1. To have an original or first existence; to take rise; to commence.", "As he spake by the mouth of his holy prophets, who have been since the world began. Luke 1.", "Judgment must begin at the house of God. 1 Pet.4.", "From Nimrod first the savage race began.", "And tears began to flow.", "2. To do the first act; to enter upon something new; to take the first step; as, begin, my muse.", "Begin every day to repent.", "When I begin, I will also make an end. 1 Sam.3.", "BEGIN'v.t. To do the first act of any thing; to enter on; to commence.", "Ye nymphs of Solyma, begin the song.", "And this they begin to do. Gen.11.", "2. To trace from any thing, as the first ground; to lay the foundation.", "The apostle begins our knowledge in the creatures, which leads us to the knowledge of God.", "To begin with, to enter upon first; to use or employ first; as, to begin with the Latin Grammar; to begin business with a small capital."], "beginning": ["BEGIN'NING, ppr. First entering upon; commencing; giving rise or original; taking rise or origin.", "BEGIN'NING, n. The first cause; origin.", "I am the beginning and the ending. Rev.1.", "1. That which is first; the first state; commencement; entrance into being.", "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. Gen.1.", "3. The rudiments, first ground or materials.", "Mighty things from small beginnings grow"], "begotten": ["BEGOT', BEGOT'TEN, pp. of get. Procreated; generated."], "beguile": ["BEGUI'LE, v.t. begi'le. be and guile. To delude; to deceive; to impose on by artifice or craft.", "The serpent beguiled me and I did eat Gen.3.", "1. To elude by craft.", "When misery could beguile the tyrant's rage.", "2. To elude any thing disagreeable by amusement, or other means; to pass pleasingly; to amuse; as, to beguile the tedious day with sleep."], "beguiled": ["BEGUI'LED, pp. Deluded; imposed on; misled by craft; eluded by stratagem; passed pleasingly."], "beguiler": ["BEGUI'LER, n. He or that which beguiles or deceives."], "beguiling": ["BEGUI'LING, ppr. Deluding; deceiving by craft; eluding by artifice, amusing."], "begun": ["BEGUN', pp. or begin. Commenced; originated."], "behalf": ["BEHALF, n. behaf. See Behoof.", "1. Favor; advantage; convenience, profit; support, defense, vindication. The advocate pleads in behalf of the prisoner. The patriot suffers in behalf of his country.", "2. Part; side; noting substitution, or the act of taking the part of another; as, the agent appeared in behalf of his constituents, and entered a claim."], "behave": ["BEHA'VE, v.t.", "1. To restrain; to govern; to subdue.", "He did behave his anger e'er 'twas spent.", "This sense is obsolete. Yet it often seems to be implied; for to behave one's self, is really, to govern one's self; to have in command.", "2. To carry; to conduct; used with the reciprocal pronoun; as, he behaves himself manfully. But the tendency of modern usage is to omit the pronoun; as, he behaves well.", "BEHA'VE, v.i. To act; to conduct; generally applied to manners, or to conduct in any particular business; and in a good or bad sense. He behaves well or will."], "behaved": ["BEHA'VED, pp. Conducted."], "behaving": ["BEHA'VING, ppr. Carrying; conducting."], "behead": ["BEHEAD', v.t. behed'. be and head.", "To cut off the head; to sever the head from the body, with a cutting instrument; appropriately used of the execution of men for crimes."], "beheaded": ["BEHEAD'ED, pp. behed'ed. Having the head cut off."], "beheading": ["BEHEAD'ING, ppr. behed'ing. Severing the head from the body.", "BEHEAD'ING,n. behed'ing. The act of separating the head from the body by a cutting instrument; decollation."], "beheld": ["BEHELD', pret. and pp. of behold, which see."], "behemoth": ["BE'HEMOTH, n.Heb. a beast or brute; from an Arabic vert, which signifies, to shut, to lie hid, to be dumb. In Eth.dumb.", "Authors are divided in opinion as to the animal intended in scripture by this anme; some supposing it to be an ox, others, an elephant; and Bochart labors to prove it the hippopotamus, or river horse. The latter opinion is most probably. See Hippopotamus. The original word in Arabic signifies a brute of beast in general, especially a quadruped."], "behind": ["BEHIND, prep.", "1. At the back of another; as, to ride behind a horseman.", "2. On the back part, at any distance; in the rear; as, to walk behind another.", "3. Remaining; left after the departure of another, whether by removing to a distance, or by death; as, a man leaves his servant behind him, or his estate at his decease.", "4. Left at a distance, in progress or improvement; as, one student is behind another in mathematics.", "5. Inferior to another in dignity and excellence.", "For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles. 2 Cor.11.", "6. On the side opposite to that which fronts a person; on the other side; as behind a bed; behind a hill; behind a house, tree, or rock.", "Behind the back, in scripture, signifies,out of notice, or regard; overlooked; disregarded.", "They cast thy laws behind their backs. Neh.19. Is.38.", "BEHIND, adv. be and hind. Out of sight; not produced, or exhibited to view; remaining; as, we know no what evidence is behind.", "1. Backwards; on the back-part; as, to look behind.", "2. Past in the progress of time.", "3. Future, or remaining to be endured.", "And fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh. Col.1.", "4. Remaining after a payment; unpaid; as, there is a large sum behind.", "5. Remaining after the departure of; as, he departed and left us behind."], "behold": ["BEHO'LD, v.t. pret. and pp. beheld' L.observo, from servo, to keep.", "1. To fix the eyes upon; to see with attention; to observe with care.", "Behold the lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world. John 1.", "2. In a less intensive sense, to look upon; to see.", "When he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived. Num. 21.", "BEHO'LD, v.i. To look; to direct the eyes to an object.", "And I beheld, and lo, in the midst of the throne, a lamb,as it had been slain. Rev.5.", "1. To fix the attention upon an object; to attend; to direct or fix the mind.", "Behold, I stand at the door and knock. Rev.3.word is much used in this manner for exciting attention, or admiration. It is in the imperative mode, expressing command, or exhortation; and by no means a mere exclamation."], "beholder": ["BEHO'LDER, n. One who beholds; a spectator; one who looks upon, or sees."], "beholding": ["BEHO'LDING, ppr. Fixing the eyes upon; looking on; seeing.", "1. Fixing the attention; regarding with attention.", "2. Obligation. Not used.", "3. Obliged. Bacon on Love. A mistaken use of the word for beholden."], "behove": ["BEHOVE, and its derivatives. See Behoove."], "belch": ["BELCH, v.t.Eng. bulge,bilge, bulk.", "1. To throw or eject wind from the stomach with violence.", "2. To eject violently from a deep hollow place, as, a volcano belches flames and lava.", "BELCH, n. The act of throwing out from the stomach, or from a hollow place; eructation.", "1. A cant name for malt liquor."], "belched": ["BELCH'ED, pp. Ejected from the stomach, or from a hollow place."], "belching": ["BELCH'ING, ppr. Ejecting from the stomach or any deep hollow place.", "BELCH'ING, n. Eructation."], "belial": ["BE'LIAL, n. As a noun, unprofitableness; wickedness. As an adjective, worthless; wicked. In a collective sense, wicked men."], "belie": ["BELI'E, v.t. be and lie. See Lie.", "1. To give the lie to; to show to be false; to charge with falsehood; as, the heart belies the tongue. It is rarely used of declarations; but of appearances and facts which show that declarations, or certain appearances and pretences are false and hypocritical. Hence.", "2. To counterfeit; to mimic; to feign resemblance.", "With dust, with horse's hoofs, that beat the ground,", "And martial brass, belie the thunder's sound.", "3. To give a false representation.", "Should I do so, I should belie my thoughts.", "4. To tell lies concerning; to calumniate by false reports.", "Thou dost belie him, Percy.", "5. To fill with lies.", "Slander doth belie all corners of the world. Not legitimate"], "belied": ["BELI'ED,pp. Falsely represented either by word or obvious evidence and indication; counterfeited; mimicked."], "belief": ["BELIE'F, n.", "1. A persuasion of the truth, or an assent of mind to the truth of a declaration, proposition or alleged fact, on the ground of evidence, distinct from personal knowledge; as the belief of the gospel; belief of a witness. Belief may also by founded on internal impressions, or arguments and reasons furnished by our own minds; as the belief of our senses; a train of reasoning may result in belief. Belief is opposed to knowledge and science.", "2. In theology, faith, or a firm persuasion of the truths of religion.", "No man can attain to belief by the bare contemplation of heaven and earth.", "3. Religion; the body of tenets held by the professors of faith.", "In the heat of persecution, to which christian belief was subject, upon its first promulgation.", "4. In some cases, the word is used for persuasion or opinion, when the evidence is not so clear as to leave no doubt; but the shades of strength in opinion can hardly be defined, or exemplified. Hence the use of qualifying words; as a firm, full or strong belief.", "5. The thing believed; the object of belief.", "Superstitious prophecies are the belief of fools.", "6. A creed; a form or summary of articles of faith. In this sense, we generally use Creed."], "believe": ["BELIE'VE, v.t. To credit upon the authority or testimony of another; to be persuaded of the truth of something upon the declaration of another, or upon evidence furnished by reasons, arguments, and deductions of the mind, or by other circumstances, than personal knowledge. When we believe upon the authority of another, we always put confidence in his veracity.", "When we believe upon the authority of reasoning, arguments, or a concurrence of facts and circumstances, we rest our conclusions upon their strength or probability, their agreement with our own experience, &c.", "2. To expect or hope with confidence; to trust.", "I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living. Ps.27.", "BELIE'VE, v.i. To have a firm persuasion of any thing. In some cases, to have full persuasion, approaching to certainty; in others, more doubt is implied. It is often followed by in or on, especially in the scriptures. To believe in, is to hold as the object of faith. \"Ye believe in God, believe also in me.\" John 14. To believe on, is to trust, to place full confidence in, to rest upon with faith. \"To them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name.\" John 1. Johnson. But there is no ground for much distinction.", "In theology, to believe sometimes expresses a mere assent of the understanding to the truths of the gospel; as in the case of Simon. Act.8. In others, the word implies, with this assent of the mind, a yielding of the will and affections, accompanied with a humble reliance on Christ for salvation. John 1.12. 3.15.", "In popular use and familiar discourse, to believe often expresses an opinion in a vague manner, without a very exact estimate of evidence, noting a mere preponderance of opinion, and is nearly equivalent to think or suppose."], "believed": ["BELIE'VED, pp. Credited; assented to, as true."], "believer": ["BELIE'VER, n. One who believes; one who gives credit to other evidence than that of personal knowledge.", "1. In theology, one who gives credit to the truth of the scriptures, as a revelation from God. In a more restricted sense, a professor of christianity; one who receives the gospel, as unfolding the true way of salvation, and Christ, as his Savior.", "In the primitive church, those who had been instructed in the truths of the gospel and baptized, were called believers; in distinction from the catechumens, who were under instruction , as preparatory to baptism and admission to church privileges."], "believing": ["BELIE'VING, ppr. Giving credit to testimony or to other evidence than personal knowledge."], "believingly": ["BELIE'VINGLY, adv. In a believing manner."], "bell": ["BELL, n.", "1. A vessel or hollow body,used for making sounds. Its constituent parts are a barrel or hollow body, enlarged or expanded at one end, an ear or cannon by which it is hung to a beam, and a clapper on the inside. It is formed of a composition of metals. Bells are of high antiquity. The blue tunic of the Jewish High Priest was adorned with golden bells; and the kings of Persia are said to have the hem of their robe adorned with them in like manner. Among the Greeks, those who went the nightly rounds in camps or garrisons, used to ring a bell, at each sentinel-box, to see that the soldier on duty was awake. Bells were also put on the necks of criminals, to warn persons to move out of the way of so ill an omen, as the sight of a criminal or his executioner; also on the necks of beasts and birds, and in houses. In churches and other public buildings, bells are now used to notify the time of meeting of any congregation or other assembly.", "In private houses, bells are used to call servants, either hung and moved by a wire, or as hand-bells. Small bells are also used in electrical experiments.", "2. A hollow body of metal, perforated, and containing a solid ball, to give sounds when shaken; used on animals, as on horses or hawks.", "3. Any thing in form of a bell, as the cup or calix of a flower.", "To bear the bell, is to be the first or leader, in allusion to the bell-wether of a flock, or the leading horse of a team or drove, that wears bells on his collar.", "To shake the bells, a phrase of Shakespeare, signifies to move, give notice or alarm."], "belle": ["BELLE, n. bel. L.bellus. A young lady. In popular use, a lady of superior beauty and much admired."], "belled": ["BELL'ED, a. Hung with bells."], "belling": ["BELL'ING, n. The noise of a roe in rutting time; a huntsman's term.", "1. Growing or forming like a bell; growing full and ripe; used of hops; from bell."], "bellow": ["BEL'LOW, v.i. L.balo.", "1. To make a hollow, loud noise, as a bull; to make a loud outcry; to roar. In contempt, to vociferate or clamor.", "2. To roar, as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent; to make a loud, hollow, continued sound.", "BEL'LOW, n. A loud outcry; roar."], "bellowing": ["BEL'LOWING, ppr. Making a loud hollow sound, as a bull, or as the roaring of billows.", "BEL'LOWING, n. A loud hollow sound or roar."], "bellows": ["BEL'LOWS, n. sing.and plu.L.bulga An instrument, utensil or machine for blowing fire, either in private dwellings or in forges, furnaces and shops. It is so formed as by being dilated and contracted, to inhale air by a lateral orifice which is opened and closed with a valve, and to propel it through a tube upon the fire."], "belly": ["BEL'LY, n.", "1. That part of the human body which extends from the breast to the thighs, containing the bowels. It is called also the abdomen or lower belly, to distinguish it from the head and breast, which are sometimes called bellies, from their cavity.", "2. The part of a beast, corresponding to the human belly.", "3. The womb. Jer. 1.5.", "4. The receptacle of food; that which requires food, in opposition to the back.", "Whose god is their belly. Phil.3.", "5. The part of any thing which resembles the human belly in protuberance or cavity, as of a harp or a bottle.", "6. Any hollow inclosed place; as the belly of hell, in Jonah.", "7. In scripture, belly is used for the heart. Prov.18.8. 20.30.John 7.38. Carnal lusts, sensual pleasure. Rom.16.18. Phil.3.19. The whole man. Tit.1.12.", "BEL'LY, v.t. To fill; to swell out.", "BEL'LY, v.i. To swell and become protuberant, like the belly; as bellying goblets; bellying canvas.", "1. To strut."], "bellying": ["BEL'LYING, ppr. Enlarging capacity; swelling out,like the belly."], "belong": ["BELONG', v.i.", "1. To be the property of; as, a field belongs to Richard Roe; Jamaica belongs to G.Britain.", "2. To be the concern or proper business of; to appertain; as, it belongs to John Doe to prove his title.", "3. To be appendant to.", "He went into a desert place belonging to Bethsaida. Luke 9.", "4. To be a part of, or connected with, though detached in place; as, a beam or rafter belongs to such a frame, or to such a place in the building.", "5. To have relation to.", "And David said, to whom belongest thou? 1.Sam.30.", "6. To be the quality or attribute of.", "To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness. Dan.9.", "7. To be suitable for.", "Strong meat belongeth to them of full age. Heb.5.", "8. To relate to, or be referred to.", "He careth for things that belong to the Lord. l Cor.7.", "9. To have a legal residence, settlement, or inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be entitled to maintenance by the parish or town.", "Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers belong. Hence,", "10. To be the native of; to have original residence.", "There is no other country in the world to which the Gipeys could belong.", "11. In common language, to have a settled residence; to be domiciliated."], "belonging": ["BELONG'ING, ppr. Pertaining; appertaining; being the property of; being a quality of; being the concern of; being appendant to; being a native of, or having a legal or permanent settlement in.", "BELONG'ING, n. A quality. Not in use.."], "beloved": ["BELOV'ED, ppr. be and loved, from love. Belove, as a verb, is not used.", "Loved; greatly loved; dear to the heart."], "bemoan": ["BEMOAN, v.t. be and moan. To lament; to bewail; to express sorrow for; as, to bemoan the loss of a son."], "bemoanable": ["BEMOANABLE, a. That may be lamented. Not used."], "bemoaned": ["BEMOANED, pp. Lamented; bewailed."], "bemoaner": ["BEMOANER, n. One who laments."], "bemoaning": ["BEMOANING, ppr. Lamenting; bewailing."], "ben": ["BEN or BEN'-NUT, n. A purgative fruit or nut, the largest of which resembles a filbert, yielding an oil used in pharmacy."], "bench": ["BENCH, n.", "1. A long seat,usually of board or plank, differing from a stool in its greater length.", "2. The seat where judges sit in court; the seat of justice. Hence,", "3. The persons who sit as judges; the court.", "Free bench, in England, the estate in copy hold lands, which the wife, being espoused a virgin, has for her dower, after the decease of her husband. This is various in different manors, according to their respective customs.", "King's Bench, in England, a court in which the king formerly sat in person, and which accompanied his household. The court consists of the Lord Chief Justice, and three other justices, who have jurisdiction over all matters of a criminal or public nature. It has a crown side and a plea side; the former determining criminal, the latter, civil causes.", "BENCH, v.t. To furnish with benches.", "1. To seat on a bench.", "2. v.i. To sit on a seat of justice."], "bend": ["BEND, L.pando,pandare, to bend in; pando, pandere, to open; pandus, bent, crooked", "1. To strain, or to crook by straining; as, to bend a bow.", "2. To crook; to make crooked; to curve; to inflect; as, to bend the arm.", "3. To direct to a certain point; as, to bend our steps or course to a particular place.", "4. To exert; to apply closely; to exercise laboriously; to intend or stretch; as, to bend the mind to study.", "5. To prepare or put in order for use; to stretch or strain.", "He hath bent his bow and made it ready. Ps.7.", "6. To incline; to be determined; that is, to stretch towards, or cause to tend; as, to be bent on mischief.", "7. To subdue; to cause to yield; to make submissive; as, to bend a man to our will.", "8. In seamanship, to fasten, as one rope to another or to an anchor; to fasten, as a sail to its yard or stay; to fasten, as a cable to the ring of an anchor.", "9. To bend the brow, is to knit the brow; to scowl; to frown.", "BEND, v.i. To be crooked; to crook,or be curving.", "1. To incline; to lean or turn; as, a road bends to the west.", "2. To jut over; as a bending cliff.", "3. To resolve, or determine.See Bent on.", "4. To bow or be submissive. Is.60.", "BEND,n. A curve; a crook; a turn in a road or river; flexure; incurvation.", "1. In marine language, that part of a rope which is fastened to another or to an anchor. See To bend. No.8.", "2. Bends of a ship, are the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called wales. They are reckoned from the water, first, second or third bend. They have the beams,knees, and foot hooks bolted to them, and are the chief strength of the ship's sides.", "3. In heraldry, one of the nine honorable ordinaries, containing a third part of the field, when charged, and a fifth, when plain. It is made by two lines drawn across from the dexter chief, to the sinister base point. It sometimes is indented, ingrained, &c.", "BEND, n. A band. Not in use."], "bending": ["BEND'ING, ppr. Incurvating; forming into a curve; stooping subduing; turning as a road or river;inclining; leaning; applying closely, as the mind; fastening."], "beneath": ["BENE'ATH, prep.", "1. Under; lower in place, with something directly over or on, as to place a cushion beneath one; often with the sense of pressure or oppression, as to sink beneath a burden, in a literal sense.", "2. Under, in a figurative sense; bearing heavy impositions, as taxes, or oppressive government.", "Our country sinks beneath the yoke.", "3. Lower in rank, dignity or excellence;as, brutes are beneath man;; man is beneath angels, in the seale of beings.", "4. Unworthy of; unbecoming; not equal to; as, he will do nothing beneath his station or character.", "BENE'ATH, adv. In a lower place; as, the earth from beneath will be barren.", "1. Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region; as, in heaven above, or in earth beneath."], "benefactor": ["BENEFAC'TOR, n. He who confers a benefit, especially one who makes charitable contributions either for public institutions or for private use."], "benefit": ["BEN'EFIT, n. Primarily from L. beneficium, or benefactum.", "1. An act of kindness; a favor conferred.", "Bless the Lord,O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Ps.103.", "2. Advantage; profit; a word of extensive use, and expressing whatever contributes to promote prosperity and personal happiness, or add value to property.", "Men have no right to what is not for their benefit.", "3. In law, benefit of clergy. See Clergy.", "BEN'EFIT, v.t. To do good to; to advantage; to advance in health, or prosperity; applied either to persons or things; as, exercise benefits health; trade benefits a nation.", "BEN'EFIT, v.i. To gain advantage; to make improvement; as, he has benefited by good advice; that is, he has been benefited."], "benefited": ["BEN'EFITED, pp. Profited; having received benefit."], "benefiting": ["BEN'EFITING, ppr. Doing good to; profiting; gaining advantage."], "benevolence": ["BENEV'OLENCE, n. L. benevolentia, of bene, well and volo, to will or wish. See Will.", "1. The disposition to do good; good will; kindness; charitableness; the love,of mankind, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness.", "The benevolence of God is one of his moral attributes; that attribute which delights in the happiness of intelligent beings. \"God is love.\" 1 John 4.", "2. An act of kindness; good done; charity given.", "3. A species of contribution or tax illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England."], "benevolent": ["BENEV'OLENT, a. L. benevolens, of bene and volo.", "Having a disposition to do good; possessing love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness; kind."], "benevolently": ["BENEV'OLENTLY, adv. In a kind manner; with good will."], "benjamin": ["BEN'JAMIN, n. A tree, the Laurus Benzoin, a native of America, called also spicebush. It grows to the height of 15 or 20 feet, with a very branchy head.", "1. A gum or resin, or rather a balsam. See Benzoin."], "bent": ["BENT, pp. Strained; incurvated; made crooked; inclined; subdued."], "bere": ["BERE, n. The name of a species of barley in Scotland."], "bereave": ["BERE'AVE, v.t. pret.bereaved, bereft: pp.bereaved, bereft.", "1. To deprive; to strip; to make destitute; with of before the thing taken away.", "Me have ye bereaved of my children. Gen.42.", "It is sometimes used without of, and is particularly applied to express the loss of friends by death.", "2. To take away from."], "bereaved": ["BERE'AVED, pp. Deprived; stripped and left destitute."], "bereavement": ["BERE'AVEMENT, n. Deprivation, particularly by the loss of a friend by death."], "bereaving": ["BERE'AVING, ppr. Stripping bare; depriving."], "berried": ["BER'RIED, a. Furnished with berries."], "berry": ["BER'RY, n.", "1. A succulent or pulpy fruit, containing naked seeds. Or in more technical language, a succulent pulpy pericarp, or seed vessel, without valves, containing several seeds, which are naked, that is, which have no covering but the pulp and rind. It is commonly round or oval. This botanical definition includes the orange and other like fruits. But in popular language, berry extends only to the smaller fruits, as strawberry, gooseberry, &c.,containing seeds or granules.", "2. A mound. for barrow.", "BER'RY, v.i. To bear or produce berries."], "beryl": ["BER'YL,n. L.beryllus; Eng.brilliant.", "A mineral, considered by Cleaveland as a subspecies of Emerald. Its prevailing color is green of various shades,but always pale. Its crystals are usually longer and larger than those of the precious emerald, and its structure more distinctly foliated. It is harder than the apatite,with which it has been confounded; harder and less heavy than the pycnite. The best beryls are found in Brazil, in Siberia and Ceylon, and in Dauria, on the frontiers of China. They are found in many parts of the United States."], "beseech": ["BESEE'CH, v.t. pret. and pp.besought.", "To entreat; to supplicate; to implore; to ask or pray with urgency; followed by a person; as, \"I Paul beseech you by the meekness of Christ,\", 2 Cor.10.; or by a thing; as, I beseech your patience."], "beseecher": ["BESEE'CHER,n. One who beseeches."], "beseeching": ["BESEE'CHING, ppr. Entreating."], "beset": ["BESET', v.t. pret. and pp. beset.", "1. To surround; to inclose; to hem in; to besiege; as, we are beset with enemies; a city is beset with troops. Hence,", "2. To press on all sides, so as to perplex; to entangle, so as to render escape difficult or impossible.", "Adam sore beset replied.", "3. To waylay.", "4. To fall upon."], "besetting": ["BESET'TING, ppr. Surrounding; besieging; waylaying.", "BESET'TING, a. Habitually attending, or pressing; as a besetting sin."], "beside": ["BESI'DE, prep. be and side, by the side.", "1. At the side of a person or thing; near; as, sit down beside me, or beside the stream.", "2. Over and above; distinct from.", "Beside all this, between us and you, there is a great gulf fixed. Luke 16.", "3. On one side; out of the regular course or order; not according to, but not contrary.", "It is beside my present business to enlarge upon this speculation.", "4. Out of; in a state deviating from; as, to put one beside his patience. Hence,", "5. With the reciprocal pronoun, beside one's self is out of the wits or senses; out of the order of reason, or of rational beings.", "Paul, thou are beside thyself. Act 26."], "besides": ["BESI'DES, prep. Over and above; separate or distinct from.", "And there was a famine in the land, besides the first famine. Gen.26.", "Note. This word, though radically the same as beside, and a corruption of it, ought not to be confounded with it, for it is never used in the senses explained under beside, except in the second."], "besiege": ["BESIE'GE, v.t. be and siege.", "1. To lay siege to; to beleaguer; to beset, or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender, either by famine or by violent attacks; as, to besiege a castle or city.", "2. To beset; to throng round."], "besieged": ["BESIE'GED, pp. Surrounded or beset with hostile troops."], "besieger": ["BESIE'GER, n. One who lays siege, or is employed in a siege."], "besieging": ["BESIE'GING,, ppr. Laying siege; surrounding with armed forces."], "besom": ["BE'SOM, n. s as z. A broom; a brush of twigs for sweeping.", "I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the Lord of Hosts. Is.14.", "BE'SOM, v.t. To sweep, as with a besom.", "Rolls back all Greece,and besoms wide the plain."], "besought": ["BESOUGHT', besaut'. pp. of beseech. Entreated; implored; sought by entreaty."], "best": ["BEST, a. superlative. Eng.but; Literally, most advanced, Hence,", "1. Most good; having good qualities in the highest degree; applied indifferently to physical or moral subjects; as, the best man; the best road; the best cloth; the best abilities. This, like most, and other attributes, is often used without its noun, when the noun is obvious; as, men are all sinners; the best of them fail in the performance of duty.", "2. Most advanced; most accurate; as the best scholar.", "3. Most correct or complete; as the best view of a landscape, or of a subject.", "4. The best. This phrase is elliptical, and may be variously interpreted; as, the utmost power; the strongest endeavor; the most, the highest perfection; as, let a man do his best; let him do a thing to the best of his power.", "5. At best, in the best manner, in the utmost degree or extent, applicable to the case; as, life is at best very short.", "To make the best of, to carry to its greatest perfection; to improve to the utmost; as, to make the best of a sum of money, or a piece of land. Also, to permit the least possible inconvenience; as, to make the best of ill fortune or a bad bargain.", "The best of the way. We had made the best of our way to the city; that is, the most, the greatest part of the distance. This is the primary sense of the word.", "BEST, adv. In the highest degree; beyond all other; as, to love one best; to like this best; to please best.", "1. To the advantage; with the most ease; as,\"which instrument can you best use?\"", "2. With most profit or success; as, money is best employed in manufactures; this medicine will answer best in the present case.", "3. Most intimately or particularly; most correctly; as, what is expedient is best known to himself."], "bestness": ["BEST'NESS, n. The state of being best. Not used."], "bestead": ["BESTEAD', v.t. bested' pret.and pp. bested. be and stead. To profit.", "How little you bestead.", "1. To accommodate.", "They shall pass through it, hardly bestead. Is.8.", "That is, distressed; perplexed.", "2. To dispose."], "bestir": ["BESTIR', v.t. bestur' be and stir. To put into brisk or vigorous action; to move with life and vigor; usually with the reciprocal pronoun; as, rise and bestir yourselves."], "bestirred": ["BESTIR'RED, pp. Roused into vigorous action; quickened in action."], "bestirring": ["BESTIR'RING,ppr. Moving briskly; putting into vigorous action."], "bestowal": ["BESTOWAL, n. A conferring; disposal. Little used."], "bestowed": ["BESTOWED, ppr. Given gratuitously; conferred; laid out; applied; deposited for safe-keeping."], "bestower": ["BESTOWER, n. One who bestows; a giver; a disposer."], "bestowing": ["BESTOWING, ppr. Conferring gratuitously; laying out; applying; depositing in store."], "bestowment": ["BESTOWMENT, n. The act of giving gratuitously; a conferring.", "God the father had committed the bestowment of the blessings purchased, to his son.", "If we consider this bestowment of gifts in this view.", "Whatever may be the secret counsel of his will respecting his own bestowment of saving grace.", "1. That which is conferred, or given; donation.", "They strengthened his hands by their liberal bestowments on him and his family.", "The free and munificent bestowment of the Sovereign Judge."], "bethink": ["BETHINK', v.t. pret. and pp.bethought. be and think.", "To call to mind; to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; generally followed by a reciprocal pronoun, with of before the subject of thought.", "I have bethought myself of another fault.", "BETHINK', v.i. To have in recollection; to consider."], "bethlehem": ["BETH'LEHEM, n. Heb. the house of food or bread.", "1. A town or village in Judea, about six miles south-east of Jerusalem; famous for its being the place of Christ's nativity.", "2. A hospital for lunatics; corrupted into bedlam."], "betimes": ["BETI'MES, adv. be and time, that is, by the time.", "1. Seasonably; in good season or time; before it is late.", "To measure life learn thou betimes.", "2. Soon; in a short time.", "He tires betimes, that spurs too fast betimes."], "betray": ["BETRA'Y, v.t. L.traho.", "1. To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; as, an officer betrayed the city.", "The son of man shall be betrayed into the hands of men. Matt.17.", "2. To violate by fraud, or unfaithfulness; as, to betray a trust.", "If the people of America ever betray their trust, their guilt will merit even greater punishment than other nations have suffered, and the indignation of heaven.", "3. To violate confidence by disclosing a secret, or that which was intrusted; to expose; followed by the person, or the thing; as, my friend betrayed me, or betrayed the secret.", "4. To disclose, or permit to appear, what is intended to be kept secret, or what prudence would conceal.", "Be swift to hear, but cautions of your tongue, lest you betray your ignorance.", "Hence,", "5. To mislead or expose to inconvenience not foreseen; as, great confidence betrays a man into errors.", "6. To show; to discover; to indicate what is not obvious at first view, or would otherwise be concealed.", "Nor, after length of years, a stone betray", "The place where once the very ruins lay.", "This river betrays its original in its name.", "All the names in the country betray great antiquity.", "7. To fail, or deceive.", "But when I rise, I shall find my legs betraying me."], "betrayed": ["BETRA'YED, pp. Delivered up in breach of trust; violated by unfaithfulness; exposed by breach of confidence; disclosed contrary to expectation or intention; made known; discoverd."], "betraying": ["BETRA'YING, ppr. Delivering up treacherously; violating confidence; disclosing contrary to intention; exposing; discovering."], "betrayer": ["BETRA'YER, n. One who betrays; a traitor."], "betroth": ["BETROTH', v.t. be and troth, truth, faith. See Truth, and Troth.", "1. To contract to any one, in order to a future marriage; to promise or pledge one to be the future spouse of another; to affiance; used of either sex. \"The father betroths his daughter.'", "2. To contract with one for a future spouse; to espouse; as, a man betroths a lady.", "3. To nominate to a bishopric,in order to consecration."], "betrothed": ["BETROTH'ED, pp. Contracted for future marriage."], "betrothing": ["BETROTH'ING, ppr. Contracting to any one, in order to a future marriage, as the father or guardian; contracting with one for a future wife, as the intended husband; espousing."], "betrothment": ["BETROTH'MENT, n. A mutual promise or contract between two parties, for a future marriage between the persons betrothed; espousals."], "better": ["BET'TER, a comp. of bet. See Best.", "1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another; applied to physical, acquired or moral qualities; as a better soil, a better man, a better physician, a better house, a better air, a better harvest.", "2. More advantageous.", "Were it not better for us to return to Egypt: Ex.14.", "3. More acceptable.", "To obey is better than sacrifice. 1 Sam.15.", "4. More safe.", "It is better to trust in the Lord, than to put confidence in man. Ps.118.", "5. Improved in health; less affected with disease; as, the patient is better.", "6. To be better off, to be in a better condition. Beddoes,Hygeia. This is a very common phrase; but ought not off, to be of? It is not elegant.", "7. To have the better, is to have the advantage or superiority, followed by of before him or that over which the advantage is enjoyed; as, the English had the better of the Spaniards.", "8. To get or gain the better, is to obtain the advantage, superiority or victory; as, to get the better of an enemy.", "9. For the better, is for the advantage or improvement.", "BET'TER, adv. In a more excellent manner; with more skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage or success; as, to perform work better; to plan a scheme better; land better cultivated; laws better executed; government better administered.", "1. More correctly, or fully; as, to understand a subject better than another.", "2. With superior excellence; as, to write or speak better than another.", "3. With more affection; in a higher degree; as, to love one better than another.", "It is not easy to specify and exemplify the various applications of better. In general,it implies what is more excellent, advantageous, useful, or virtuous, than something else.", "BET'TER, v.t.", "1. To improve; to meliorate; to increase the good qualities of; as, manure betters land; discipline may better the morals.", "2. To surpass; to exceed.", "The works of nature do always aim at that which cannot be bettered.", "Qu.is not the sense, made better:", "3. To advance; to support; to give advantage to; as, to better a party; to better a cause.", "BET'TER, n. A superior; one who has a claim to precedence on account of his rank, age, or office; as, give place to your betters. It is generally or always used in the plural."], "bettered": ["BET'TERED, pp. Improved; meliorated; made better."], "bettering": ["BET'TERING, ppr. Making better; improving."], "between": ["BETWEE'N, prep.", "1. In the intermediate space, without regard to distance; as, New York is between Boston and Philadelphia; the Delaware river runs between Pennsylvania and New Jersey.", "2. From one another; passing from one to another, noting exchange of actions or intercourse; as, things go well between the parties.", "3. Belonging to two or more, in common or partnership; as, two friends have but one soul between them; twenty proprietors own a tract of land between them. We observe that between is not restricted to two.", "4. Having mutual relation to two or more; as, discords exist between the families.", "5. Noting difference, or discrimination of one from another; as, to distinguish between right and wrong."], "betwixt": ["BETWIXT', prep.", "1. Between; in the space that separates two persons or things; as, betwixt two oaks.", "2. Passing between; from one to another, noting intercourse. See Between."], "bewail": ["BEWA'IL, v.t. be and wail. To bemoan; to lament; to express sorrow for. It expresses deep sorrow; as, to bewail the loss of a child.", "The true penitent bewails his ingratitude to God.", "BEWA'IL, v.i. To express grief."], "bewailable": ["BEWA'ILABLE, a. That may be lamented."], "bewailed": ["BEWA'ILED, pp. Lamented; bemoaned."], "bewailer": ["BEWAILER, n. One who laments."], "bewailing": ["BEWA'ILING, ppr. Lamenting; bemoaning; expressing grief for.", "BEWA'ILING, n. Lamentation."], "beware": ["BEWA'RE, v.i.", "1. Literally, to restrain or guard one's self from. Hence, to regard with caution; to restrain one's self from anything that may be dangerous, injurious or improper; to avoid; to take care; followed by of before the thing that is to be avoided.", "Beware of all, but more beware of man.", "Beware of false prophets; beware of the leaven of the Pharisees; beware of the concision.", "2. To have a special regard to.", "Behold, I send an angel before thee--beware of him, and obey his voice. Ex.23.", "This is unusual and hardly legitimate.", "This word though here admitted as a verb, from the Saxon,is rarely used as a verb in fact; or if a verb, is now never used except in the imperative mode It is a compound of be and the Old Eng. ware, now wary. Be wary of danger. Hence it cannot be used with did, like a regular verb, nor with be, in any of its inflections, he is beware; for this would be to use the substantive verb twice before ware and wary, is and be. Ben Jonson however has used the word in the third person. He bewares to act. But it has no past tense or participle, and therefore, if admitted as a verb, it is defective,and used only in the imperative mode, or after an auxiliary.", "We must beware of excess."], "bewitch": ["BEWITCH', v.t. be and witch. To fascinate; to gain an ascendancy over by charms or incantation; an operation which was formerly supposed to injure the person bewitched, so that he lost his flesh, or behaved in a strange unaccountable manner; ignorant people being inclined to ascribe to evil spirits what they could not account for.", "Look, how I am bewitched; behold, mine arm", "Is like a blasted sapling withered up.", "1. To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a degree as to take away the power of resistance.", "The charms of poetry our souls bewitch.", "2. To deceive and mislead by juggling tricks or imposter. Acts 8.9."], "bewitched": ["BEWITCH'ED, pp. Fascinated; charmed."], "bewitcher": ["BEWITCH'ER, n. One that bewitches or fascinates."], "bewitchful": ["BEWITCH'FUL, a. Alluring; fascinating."], "bewitching": ["BEWITCH'ING, ppr. Fascinating; charming.", "BEWITCH'ING, a. That has power to bewitch or fascinate; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing."], "bewitchingly": ["BEWITCH'INGLY, adv. In a fascinating manner."], "bewitchment": ["BEWITCH'MENT, n. Fascination; power of charming."], "bewray": ["BEWRA'Y, v.t. beray. To disclose perfidiously; to betray; to show or make visible.", "Thy speech bewrayeth thee. Matt.23.", "This word is nearly antiquated."], "bewrayed": ["BEWRA'YED, pp. Disclosed; indicated; betrayed; exposed to view."], "bewraying": ["BEWRA'YING, ppr. Disclosing; making known or visible."], "beyond": ["BEYOND', prep.", "1. On the further side of; on the side most distant, at any indefinite distance from that side; as beyond a river, or the sea, either a mile beyond, or a hundred miles beyond the river.", "2. Before; at a place not yet reached.", "A thing beyond us, even before our death.", "3. Past; out of reach of; further than any given limit; further than the extent of any thing else; as, beyond our power; beyond comprehension; beyond dispute; beyond our care.", "4. Above; in a degree exceeding or surpassing; proceeding to a greater degree, as in dignity, excellence, or quality of any kind; as, one man is great or good beyond another.", "To go beyond is a phrase which expresses an excess in some action or scheme; to exceed in ingenuity,in research, or in anything else; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circumvent.", "Let no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter.", "BEYOND', adv. At a distance; yonder."], "bid": ["BID, v.t. pret. bid, or bade; pp. bid, bidden. L. peto, to drive at, to attack, to ask, to desire, to beseech, anciently beto; impetus. Applied to the voice, it denotes utterance, a driving of sounds, which is applied to asking, prayer, and command. Class Bd.", "1. To ask; to request; to invite.", "Go ye into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage. Math.22.", "This sense is antiquated, but we have the same word from the Latin, in invite, in and bid."], "bidding": ["BID'DING, ppr. Inviting; offering; commanding.", "BID'DING, n. Invitation; command; order; a proclamation or notifying."], "bier": ["BIER, n. L. feretrum, from fero. See Bear.", "A carriage or frame of wood for conveying dead human bodies to the", "grave."], "bill": ["BILL, n.", "1. The beak of a fowl.", "2. An instrument used by plumbers, basket makers and gardeners, made in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a handle. When short, it is called a hand-bill; when long, a hedge-bill. It is used for pruning trees, &c."], "billow": ["BIL'LOW, n. A great wave or surge of the sea, occasioned usually by violent wind. It can hardly be applied to the waves of a river, unless in poetry, or when the river is very large.", "BIL'LOW, v.i. To swell; to rise and roll in large waves, or surges."], "billowing": ["BIL'LOWING, ppr. Swelled into a large waves or surges."], "bind": ["BIND, v.t.", "1. To tie together,or confine with a cord, or any thing that is flexible; to fasten as with a band, fillet or ligature.", "2. To gird, inwrap or involve; to confine by a wrapper, cover or bandage; sometimes with up; as, to bind up a wound.", "3. To confine or restrain, as with a chain, fetters or cord; as, bind him hand and foot.", "4. To restrain in any manner.", "He bindeth the floods from overflowing. Job.28.", "5. To oblige by a promise, vow, stipulation, covenant, law, duty or any other moral tie; to engage.", "If a man shall swear an oath to bind his soul with a bond. Numbers 30.", "We are bound by the laws of kindness, of nature, of a state, &c.", "6. To confirm or ratify.", "Whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth, shall be bound in heaven. Matt.16.", "7. To distress, trouble, or confine by infirmity.", "Whom Satan hath bound these eighteen years. Luke 13.", "8. To constrain by a powerful influence or persuasion.", "I go bound in the spirit to Jerusalem. Acts.20.", "9. To restrain the natural discharges of the bowels; to make costive; as, certain kinds of food bind the body or bowels.", "10. To form a border; to fasten with a band, ribin, or any thing that strengthens the edges; as, to bind a garment or carpet.", "11. To cover with leather or anything firm; to sew together and cover; as, to bind a book.", "12. To cover or secure by a band; as, to bind a wheel with tire.", "13. To oblige to serve, by contract; as, to bind an apprentice; often with out; as, to bind out a servant.", "14. To make hard or firm; as, certain substances bind the earth.", "To bind to is to contract; as, to bind one's self to a wife.", "To bind over is to oblige by bond to appear at a court."], "binding": ["BI'NDING, ppr. Fastening with a band; confining; restraining; covering or wrapping; obliging by a promise or other moral tie; making costive; contracting; making hard or stiff.", "BI'NDING, a. That obliges; obligatory; as the binding force of a moral duty or of a command.", "BI'NDING, n. The act of fastening with a band or obliging; a bandage; the cover of a book, with the sewing and accompanying work; any thing that binds; something that secures the edge of cloth.", "1. In the art of defense, a method of securing or crossing the adversary's sword with a pressure, accompanied with a spring of the wrist.", "Binding-joists, in architecture, are the joists of a floor into which the trimmers of staircases, or well holes of the stairs and chimney ways, are framed."], "bird": ["BIRD, n. burd.", "1. Properly, a chicken, the young of fowls, and hence a small fowl.", "2. In modern use, any fowl or flying animal.", "It is remarkable that a nation should lay aside the use of the proper generic name of flying animals, and substitute the name of the young of those animals, as the generic term. The fact is precisely what it would be to make lamb, the generic name of sheep,or colt, that of the equine genus.", "BIRD, v.t. To catch birds.", "Bird of paradise, a genus of birds, found in the Oriental isles, and in New Guinea; some of them remarkable beautiful. The beak is covered with a belt or collar of downy feathers at the base, and the feathers on the sides are very long. The longest species is two feet four inches in length. The head and back part of the neck are lemon-colored; the neck of the brightest emerald green, soft like velvet; the breast is black; the wings of a chestnut color. The back part of the body is covered with long straight narrow feathers, of a pale brown color, similar to the plumes of the ostrich. These are spread when the bird flies, for which reason he cannot keep long on the wing. From the rump proceed two long stiff shafts, feathered at the extremities."], "birth": ["BIRTH, n. berth. L. partus, the participle of pario, to bear.", "1. The act of coming into life, or of being born. Except in poetry, it is generally applied to human beings; as the birth of a son.", "2. Lineage; extraction; descent; as, Grecian birth.", "It is used of high or low extraction; but is often used by way of distinction for a descent from noble or honorable parents and ancestors; as a man of birth.", "3. The condition in which a person is born.", "A foe by birth to Troy.", "4. That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable.", "5. The act of bringing forth; as, she had two children at a birth.", "6. In a theological sense, regeneration is called the new birth.", "7. Origin; beginning; as the birth of an empire."], "birthing": ["BIRTH'ING, n. Any thing added to raise the sides of a ship."], "birthday": ["BIRTH'DAY, n. birth and day. The day in which any person is born.", "1. The same day of the month, in which a person was born, in every succeeding year; often celebrated as a joyful anniversary. It sometimes has the form of an attribute; as a birth-day ode."], "birthright": ["BIRTH'RIGHT, n. birth and right. Any right or privilege, to which a person is entitled by birth, such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty under a free constitution.", "Esau, for a morsel, sold his birthright. Heb.12.", "It may be used in the sense of primogeniture,or the privilege of the first born, but is applicable to any right which results from descent."], "bishop": ["BISH'OP, n. L. episcopus; Gr. of, over, and inspector, or visitor; to view, or inspect; whence, to visit; also, to view. This Greek and Latin word accompanied the introduction of christianity into the west and north of Europe.", "1. An overseer; a spiritual superintendent, ruler or director; applied to Christ.", "Ye were as sheep going astray, but are now returned to the shepherd and bishop of your souls. 1. Pet.2.", "2. In the primitive church, a spiritual overseer; an elder or presbyter; one who had the pastoral care of a church.", "The same persons are in this chapter called elders or presbyters,and overseers or bishops. Scott,Comm. Acts.20.", "Till the churches were multiplied, the bishops and presbyters were the same. Ib. Phil.1.1. 1. Tim.3.1. Tit. 1.7.", "Both the Greek and Latin fathers do, with one consent, declare, that bishops were called presbyters, and presbyters bishops, in apostolic times, the name being then common.", "3. In the Greek, Latin, and some Protestant churches, a prelate, or person consecrated for the spiritual government and direction of a diocese. In Great Britain, bishops are nominated by the king, who, upon request of the dean and chapter, for leave to elect a bishop, sends a conge d'elire, or license to elect, with a letter missive, nominating the person whom he would have chosen. The election, by the chapter, must be made within twelve days, or the king has a right to appoint whom he pleases. Bishops are consecrated by an archbishop, with two assistant bishops. A bishop must be thirty years of age; and all bishops, except the bishop of Man, are peers of the realm.", "By the canons of the Protestant Episcopal church in the United States, no diocese or state shall proceed to the election of a bishop, unless there are at least six officiating presbyters residing therein, who shall be qualified, according to the canons, to vote for a bishop; a majority of whom at least must concur in the election. But the conventions of two or more dioceses, or states, having together nine or more such presbyters,may join in the election of a bishop. A convention is composed of the clergy, and a lay delegation, consisting of one or more members from each parish. In every state, the bishop is to be chosen according to such rules as the convention of that state shall ordain. The mode of election, in most or all of the states,is by a concurrent vote of the clergy and laity, in convention, each body voting separately. Before a bishop can be consecrated, he must receive a testimonial of approbation from the General Convention of the church; or if that is not in session, from a majority of the standing committee in the several dioceses. The mode of consecrating bishops and ordaining priests and deacons differs not essentially from the practice in England."], "bit": ["BIT, n. The iron part of a bridle which is inserted in the mouth of a horse,and its appendages, to which the reins are fastened. It includes the bit mouth, the branches, the curb, the sevel holes, the tranchefil and cross chains. Bits are of various kinds, as the musrol, snaffle,or watering bit; the canon mouth, jointed in the middle; the canon or fast mouth, all of a piece, kneed in the middle; the scatch-mouth; the masticador,or slavering bit; &c.", "BIT, v.t. To put a bridle upon a horse; to put the bit in the mouth.", "BIT, pret. and pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the teeth.", "BIT, n. A small piece; a mouthful, or morsel; a bite.", "1. A small piece of any substance.", "3. A small coin of the West Indies, a half pistareen, about ten cents, or five pence sterling.", "4. The point of an auger, or other borer; the bite.", "This word is used, like jot and whit, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a bit wiser or better."], "bite": ["BITE, v.t. pret. bit; pp. bit, bitten.", "1. To break or crush with the teeth, as in eating; to pierce with the teeth, as a serpent; to seize with the teeth, as a dog.", "2. To pinch or pain, as with cold; as a biting north wind; the frost bites.", "3. To reproach with sarcasm; to treat with severity by words or writing; as, one poet praises, another bites.", "4. To pierce,cut, or wound; as a biting falchion.", "5. To make to smart, as acids bite the mouth.", "6. To cheat; to trick.", "The rogue was bit.", "Not elegant, but common.", "7. To enter the ground and hold fast, as the bill and palm of an anchor.", "8. To injure by angry contention.", "If ye bite and devour one another. Gal.5.", "BITE, n. The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an animal, as the bite of a dog; or with the mouth, as of a fish.", "1. The wound made by the teeth.", "2. A morsel; as much as is taken at once by biting; a mouthful.", "3. A cheat; a trick; a fraud. A low word.", "4. A sharper; one who cheats."], "biting": ["BI'TING, ppr. Seizing, wounding, or crushing with the teeth; pinching,paining, causing to smart with cold; reproaching with severity, or treating sarcastically; chesting.", "BI'TING, a. Sharp; severe; sarcastic."], "bitingly": ["BI'TINGLY, adv. In a sarcastic or jeering manner."], "bitten": ["BIT'TEN, pp. of bite. bit'tn. Seized or wounded by the teeth; cheated."], "bitter": ["BIT'TER, a.", "1. Sharp, or biting to the taste; acrid; like wormwood.", "2. Sharp; cruel; severe; as bitter enmity. Heb.1.", "3. Sharp, as words, reproachful; sarcastic.", "4. Sharp to the feeling; piercing; painful; that makes to smart; as a bitter cold day, or a bitter blast.", "5. Painful to the mind; calamitous; poignant; as a bitter fate.", "6. Afflicted; distressed.", "The Egyptians made their lives bitter. Ex.1.", "7. Hurtful; very sinful.", "Is is an evil and bitter thing. Jer.2.", "8. Mournful; distressing; expressive of misory; as a bitter complaint or lamentation. Job.23. Jer.6.31.", "BIT'TER, n. A substance that is bitter. See Bitter.", "BIT'TER, n. See Bitts. In marine language, a turn of the cable which is round the bitts.", "Bitter-end, that part of a cable which is abaft the bitts, and therefore within board, when the ship rides at anchor."], "bitterness": ["BIT'TERNESS, n. from bitter. A bitter taste; or rather a quality in things which excites a biting disagreeable sensation in the tongue.", "1. In a figurative sense, extreme enmity, grudge, hatred; or rather an excessive degree or implacableness of passions and emotions; as the bitterness of anger. Eph.4.", "2. Sharpness; severity of temper.", "3. Keenness of reproach; piquancy; biting sarcasm.", "4. Keen sorrow; painful affliction; vexation; deep distress of mind.", "Hannah was in bitterness of soul. 1 Sam.1. Job.7.", "In the gall of bitterness, in a state of extreme impiety or enmity to God. Acts.8.", "Root of bitterness, a dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw persons to apostasy. Heb.12."], "bitters": ["BIT'TERS, n. A liquor in which bitter herbs or roots are steeped; generally a spirituous liquor, the bitter cause of intemperance, of disease, and of premature death!"], "bitterly": ["BIT'TERLY, adv. With a bitter taste.", "1. In a severe manner; in a manner expressing poignant grief; as, to weep bitterly.", "2. In a manner severely reproachful; sharply; severely; angrily; as, to censure bitterly."], "bittern": ["BIT'TERN, n. A fowl of the grallic order, the Ardea stellaris, a native of Europe. This fowl has long legs and neck, and stalks among reeds and sedge, feeding upon fish. It makes a singular noise, called by Dryden bumping, and by Goldsmith booming.", "BIT'TERN, n. from bitter. In salt works, the brine remaining after the salt is concreted. This being laded off,and the salt taken out of the pan, is returned, and being again boiled, yields more salt. It is used in the preparation of Epsom salt, the sulphate of magnesia, and of Glauber's salt, the sulphate of soda."], "black": ["BLACK, a.", "1. Of the color of night; destitute of light; dark.", "2. Darkened by clouds; as the heavens black with clouds.", "3. Sullen; having a cloudy look or countenance.", "4. Atrociously wicked; horrible; as a black deed or crime.", "5. Dismal; mournful; calamitous.", "Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.", "BLACK, n. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black.", "1. A negro; a person whose skin is black.", "2. A black dress, or mourning; as, to be clothed in black.", "BLACK, v.t. To make black; to blacken; to soil."], "blacked": ["BLACK'ED, pp. Made black; soiled."], "blacking": ["BLACK'ING, ppr. Making black.", "BLACK'ING, n. A substance used for blacking shoes, variously made; any factitious matter for making things black."], "blackness": ["BLACK'NESS, n. The quality of being black; black color; darkness; atrociousness or enormity in wickedness."], "blackish": ["BLACK'ISH, a. Somewhat black; moderately black or dark."], "blade": ["BLADE, n. Gr.broad.", "1. The stalk or spire of a plant,particularly of grass and corn; but applicable to the stalk of any herbaceous plant, whether green or dry.", "2. A leaf. In this sense much used in the Southern States of N. America, for the leaves of maize, which are used as fodder.", "3. The cutting part of an instrument, as the blade of a knife, or sword,so named from its length or breadth. Usually, it is made of iron or steel, but may be of any other metal, cast or wrought to an edge or point. Also,the broad part of an oar.", "4. The blade of the shoulder,shoulder-blade, or blade-bone, is the scapula, or scapular bone. It is the broad upper bone of the shoulder, so called from its resemblance to a blade or leaf.", "5. A brisk man; a bold, forward man; a rake.", "BLADE, v.t. To furnish with a blade."], "bladed": ["BLA'DED, pp. Having a blade or blades. It may be used of blade in the sense of a leaf, a spire, or the cutting part of an instrument.", "1. In mineralogy, composed of long and narrow plates, like the blade of a knife."], "blain": ["BLAIN, n. A pustule; a botch; a blister. In farriery, a bladder growing on the root of the tongue, against the wind pipe,which swells so as to stop the breath."], "blame": ["BLAME, v.t. The Greeks have the root of this word, to blaspheme.", "1. To censure; to express disapprobation of; to find fault with; opposed to praise or commend, and applicable most properly to persons, but applied also to things.", "I withstood him, because he was to be blamed. Gal.2.", "I must blame your conduct; or I must blame you for neglecting business. Legitimately, it cannot be followed by of.", "2. To bring reproach upon; to blemish; to injure. See Blemish.", "She had blamed her noble blood.", "BLAME, n. Censure; reprehension; imputation of a fault; disapprobation; an expression of disapprobation for something deemed to be wrong.", "Let me bear the blame forever. Gen.43.", "1. Fault; crime; sin; that which is deserving of censure or disapprobation.", "That we should be holy and without blame before him in love. Eph.i.", "2. Hurt; injury.", "And glancing down his shield, from blame him fairly blest.", "The sense of this word, as used by Spenser, proves that it is a derivative from the root of blemish.", "To blame, in the phrase,he is to blame, signifies blamable, to be blamed.", "Blame is not strictly a charge or accusation of a fault; but it implies an opinion in the censuring party, that the person censured is faulty. Blame is the act or expression of disapprobation for what is supposed to be wrong."], "blamed": ["BLA'MED, pp. Censured; disapproved."], "blameful": ["BLA'MEFUL, a. Faulty; meriting blame; reprehensible."], "blaming": ["BLA'MING, ppr. Censuring; finding fault."], "blameless": ["BLA'MELESS, a. Without fault; innocent; guiltless; not meriting censure.", "A bishop then must be blameless. 1 Tim.3.", "Sometimes followed by of.", "We will be blameless of this thine oath. Josh.2."], "blamelessness": ["BLA'MELESSNESS,n. Innocence; a state of being not worthy of censure."], "blaspheme": ["BLASPHE'ME, v.t. Gr. The first syllable is the same as in blame, blasme, denoting injury; L. loedo, loesus; The last syllable is the Gr.,to speak.", "1. To speak of the Supreme Being in terms of impious irreverence; to revile or speak reproachfully of God, or the Holy Spirit. 1 Kings 21. Mark 3.", "2. To speak evil of; to utter abuse or calumny against; to speak reproachfully of.", "BLASPHE'ME, v.i. To utter blasphemy.", "He that shall blaspheme against the Holy Spirit shall not be forgiven. Mark 3.", "1. To arrogate the prerogatives of God.", "This man blasphemeth. Who can forgive sins but God? Math.9. Mark 2."], "blasphemer": ["BLASPHE'MER, n. One who blasphemes; one who speaks of God in impious and irreverent terms. 1 Tim.1."], "blaspheming": ["BLASPHE'MING, ppr. Uttering impious or reproachful words concerning God."], "blasphemous": ["BLAS'PHEMOUS, a. Containing blasphemy; calumnious; impiously irreverent or reproachful towards God."], "blasphemously": ["BLAS'PHEMOUSLY, adv. Impiously; with impious irreverence to God."], "blasphemy": ["BLAS'PHEMY, n. An indignity offered to God by words or writing; reproachful, contemptuous or irreverent words uttered impiously against Jehovah.", "Blasphemy is an injury offered to God, by denying that which is due and belonging to him, or attributing to him that which is not agreeable to his nature.", "In the middle ages, blasphemy was used to denote simply the blaming or condemning of a person or thing. Among the Greeks, to blaspheme was to use words of ill omen, which they were careful to avoid.", "1. That which derogates from the prerogatives of God. Mark 2."], "blast": ["BL'AST, v.t. Literally, to strike. To make to wither by some pernicious influence, as too much heat or moisture, or other destructive cause; or to check growth and prevent from coming to maturity and producing fruit; to blight, as trees or plants.", "1. To affect with some sudden violence,plague, calamity, or destructive influence, which destroys or causes to fail; as, to blast pride or hopes. The figurative senses of this verb are taken from the blasting of plants, and all express the idea of checking growth, preventing maturity, impairing, injuring, destroying, or disappointing of the intended effect; as, to blast credit, or reputation; to blast designs.", "2. To confound, or strike with force, by a loud blast or din.", "3. To split rocks by an explosion of gun powder.", "They did not stop to blast this ore."], "blasted": ["BL'ASTED, pp. Affected by some cause that checks growth, injures, impairs, destroys, or renders abortive; split by an explosion of gunpowder."], "blasting": ["BL'ASTING, ppr. Affecting by a blast; preventing from coming to maturity; frustrating; splitting by an explosion of gun powder.", "BL'ASTING, n. A blast; destruction by a pernicious cause; explosion."], "blaze": ["BLAZE, n. Eng.to blush.", "1. Flame; the stream of light and heat from any body when burning, proceeding from the combustion of inflammable gas.", "2. Publication; wide diffusion of report. In this sense, we observe the radical sense of dilatation, as well as that of light.", "3. A white spot on the forehead or face of a horse, descending nearly to the nose.", "4. Light; expanded light; as the blaze of day.", "5. Noise; agitation; tumult.", "BLAZE, v.i. To flame; as, the fire blazes.", "1. To send forth or show a bright and expanded light.", "The third fair morn now blazed upon the main.", "2. To be conspicuous.", "BLAZE, v.t. To make public far and wide.", "To blaze those virtues which the good would hide.", "1. To blazon. Not used. See Blazon.", "2. To set a white mark on a tree, by paring off a part of the bark."], "blazed": ["BLA'ZED, pp. Published far and wide."], "blazing": ["BLA'ZING, ppr. Flaming; publishing far and wide.", "BLA'ZING, a. Emitting flame, or light; as a blazing star."], "bleat": ["BLEAT, v.i. L. blatero; plaudo. To make the noise of a sheep; to cry as a sheep.", "BLEAT, n. The cry of a sheep."], "bleating": ["BLE'ATING, ppr. or a. Crying as a sheep.", "BLE'ATING, n. The cry of a sheep."], "blemish": ["BLEM'ISH, v.t.", "1. Too mark with any deformity; to injure or impair any thing which is well formed, or excellent; to mar,or make defective,either the body or mind.", "2. To tarnish, as reputation or character; to defame.", "BLEM'ISH, n. Any mark of deformity; any scar or defect that diminishes beauty, or renders imperfect that which is well formed.", "1. Reproach; disgrace; that which impairs reputation; taint; turpitude; deformity."], "blemished": ["BLEM'ISHED, pp. Injured or marred by any mark of deformity; tarnished; soiled."], "blemishing": ["BLEM'ISHING, ppr. Marking with deformity; tarnishing."], "blemishment": ["BLEM'ISHMENT, n. Disgrace. Little used."], "bless": ["BLESS, v.t. pret. and ppr. blessed or blest.", "1. To pronounce a wish of happiness to one; to express a wish or desire of happiness.", "And Isaac called Jacob and blessed him. Gen.28.", "2. To make happy; to make successful; to prosper in temporal concerns; as, we are blest with peace and plenty.", "The Lord thy God shall bless thee in all thou doest. Deut. 15.", "3. To make happy in a future life.", "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. Rev.14.", "4. To set apart or consecrate to holy purposes; to make and pronounce holy.", "And God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen.2", "5. To consecrate by prayer; to invoke a blessing upon.", "And Jesus took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven he blessed them. Luke 9.", "6. To praise; to glorify, for benefits received.", "Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me. Ps.103.", "7. To praise; to magnify; to extol, for excellencies. Ps.104.", "8. To esteem or account happy; with the reciprocal pronoun.", "The nations shall bless themselves in him. Jer.4.", "9. To pronounce a solemn prophetical benediction upon. Gen.27. Deut. 33.", "10. In this line of Spenser, it may signify to throw, for this is nearly the primary sense.", "His sparkling blade about his head he blest.", "Johnson supposes the word to signify to wave or brandish, and to have received this sense from the old rite of blessing a field, by directing the hands to all parts of it.", "Bless in Spenser for bliss, may be so written, not for rhyme merely, but because bless and bliss are from the same root."], "blessed": ["BLESS'ED, pp. Made happy or prosperous; extolled; pronounced happy.", "BLESS'ED, a. Happy; prosperous in worldly affairs; enjoying spiritual happiness and the favor of God; enjoying heavenly felicity.", "Blessed-Thistle. A plant of the genus Cnicus, sometimes used in decoctions, for a bitter."], "blessing": ["BLESS'ING, ppr. Making happy; wishing happiness to; praising or extolling; consecrating by prayer.", "BLESS'ING,n. Benediction; a wish of happiness pronounced; a prayer imploring happiness upon another.", "1. A solemn prophetic benediction, in which happiness is desired, invoked or foretold.", "This is the blessing wherewith Moses--blessed the children of Israel. Deut.33.", "2. Any means of happiness; a gift,benefit or advantage;that which promotes temporal prosperity and welfare, or secures immortal felicity. A just and pious magistrate is a public blessing. The divine favor is the greatest blessing.", "3. Among the Jews,a present; a gift; either because it was attended with kind wishes for the welfare of the giver, or because it was the means of increasing happiness.", "Take, I pray thee, my blessing that is brought to thee. Gen.33."], "blessedness": ["BLESS'EDNESS, n. Happiness; felicity; heavenly joys; the favor of God.", "1. Sanctity."], "blew": ["BLEW, pret. of blow."], "blind": ["BLIND, a.", "1. Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect, or by deprivation;not having sight.", "2. Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute of intellectual light; unable to understand or judge; ignorant; as authors are blind to their own defects.", "Blind should be followed by to; but it is followed by of, in the phrase,blind of an eye.", "3. Unseen;; out of public view; private; dark; sometimes implying contempt or censure; as a blind corner.", "4. Dark; obscure; not easy to be found; not easily discernible; as a blind path.", "5. Heedless; inconsiderate; undeliberating.", "This plan is recommended neither to blind approbation or blind reprobation.", "6. In scripture, blind implies not only want of discernment, but moral depravity.", "BLIND, v.t. To make blind; to deprive of sight.", "1. To darken; to obscure to the eye.", "Such darkness blinds the sky.", "2. To darken the understanding; as, to blind the mind.", "3. To darken or obscure to the understanding.", "He endeavored to blind and confound the controversy.", "4. To eclipse.", "BLIND, or BLINDE, See Blend, an ore.", "BLIND, n. Something to hinder the sight.", "Civility casts a blind over the duty.", "1. Something to mislead the eye or the understanding; as, one thing serves as a blind for another.", "2. A screen; a cover; as a blind for a window, or for a horse."], "blinded": ["BLINDED, pp. Deprived of sight; deprived of intellectual discernment; made dark or obscure."], "blinding": ["BLINDING, ppr. Depriving of sight,or of understanding; obscuring."], "blindness": ["BLINDNESS, n. Want of bodily sight; want of intellectual discernment; ignorance."], "blinds": ["BLINDS, n. In the military art, a defense made of osiers or branches interwoven, and laid across two rows of stakes, four or five feet asunder, of the highth of a man, to shelter the workmen, and prevent their being overlooked by the enemy."], "blindfold": ["BLINDFOLD, a. blind and fold. Having the eyes covered; having the mental eye darkened.", "BLINDFOLD, v.t. To cover the eyes; to hinder from seeing."], "blindfolded": ["BLINDFOLDED, pp. Having the eyes covered; hindered from seeing."], "blindfolding": ["BLINDFOLDING, ppr. Covering the eyes;hindering from seeing."], "blood": ["BLOOD, n.", "1. The fluid which circulates through the arteries and veins of the human body, and of other animals,which is essential to the preservation of life. This fluid is generally red. If the blood of an animal is not red, such animal is called exsanguious, or white-blooded; the blood being white, or white tinged with blue.", "2. Kindred; relation by natural descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity.", "God hath made of one blood, all nations of the earth. Acts 17.", "3. Royal lineage; blood royal; as a prince of the blood.", "4. Honorable birth; high extraction; as a gentleman of blood.", "5. Life.", "Shall I not require his blood at your hands? 2 Sam.4.", "6. Slaughter; murder, or bloodshedding.", "I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu. Hosea 1.", "The voice of thy brother's blood crieth to me from the ground. Gen.4.", "7. Guilt, and punishment.", "Your blood be upon your own heads. Acts.18.", "8. Fleshly nature;; the carnal part of man; as opposed to spiritual nature,or divine life.", "Who were born, not of flesh and blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. John 1.", "9. Man, or human wisdom, or reason.", "Flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee,but my Father who is in heaven. Matt.16.", "10. A sacramental symbol of the blood of Christ.", "This is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed for the remission of sins. Matt.26.", "11. The death and sufferings of Christ.", "Being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him. Rom. 5.3.", "12. The price of blood; that which is obtained by shedding blood,and seizing goods.", "Wo to him that buildeth a town with blood. Hab.2. Acts.1.", "13. Temper of mind; state of the passions; but in this sense, accompanied with cold or warm, or other qualifying word. Thus to commit an act in cold blood, is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion. Warm blood denotes a temper inflamed or irritated; to warm or head the blood, is to excite the passions.", "14. A hot spark; a man of fire or spirit; a rake.", "15. The juice of any thing, especially if red; as, \"the blood of grapes.\" Gen.49.", "Whole blood. In law, a kinsman of the whole blood is one who descends from the same couple of ancestors; of the half blood, one who descends from either of them singly, by a second marriage.", "BLOOD, v.t. To let blood; to bleed by opening a vein.", "1. To stain with blood.", "2. To enter; to inure to blood; as a hound.", "3. To heat the blood; to exasperate. Unusual."], "blooded": ["BLOOD'ED, pp. Bled; stained with blood; inured to blood."], "blooding": ["BLOOD'ING, ppr. Letting blood; staining with blood; inuring to blood, as a hound."], "bloodguiltiness": ["BLOOD'GUILTINESS, n. blood and guilt. The guilt or crime of shedding blood. Ps.51."], "bloodiness": ["BLOOD'INESS, n. The state of being bloody; disposition to shed blood."], "bloody": ["BLOOD'Y, a. Stained with blood.", "1. Cruel; murderous; given to the shedding of blood; or having a cruel, savage disposition; applied to animals.", "2. Attended with bloodshed; marked by cruelty; applied to things; as a bloody battle.", "BLOOD'Y, v.t. To stain with blood."], "bloom": ["BLOOM n.", "1. Blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded bud.", "While opening blooms diffuse their sweets around.", "2. The opening of flowers in general; flowers open, or in a state of blossoming; as, the trees are clothed with bloom.", "3. The state of youth, resembling that of blossoms; a state of opening manhood, life,beauty, and vigor; a state of health and growth, promising higher perfection; as the bloom of youth.", "4. The blue color upon plums and grapes newly gathered.", "BLOOM, v.i. To produce or yield blossoms; to flower.", "1. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor; to show the beauty of youth; as blooming graces.", "BLOOM, v.t. To put forth as blossoms.", "Charitable affection bloomed them. Not in use.", "BLOOM, n. L. plumbum, lead, properly a lump.", "A mass of iron that has passed the blomary, or undergone the first hammering."], "blooming": ["BLOOM'ING, ppr. Opening in blossoms; flowering; thriving in the health, beauty, and vigor of youth; showing the beauties of youth.", "His blooming laurels graced the muse's seat."], "bloomingly": ["BLOOM'INGLY, adv. In a blooming manner."], "blossom": ["BLOS'SOM, n. Gr. a bud, probably from the same root.", "1. The flower or corol of a plant; a general term, applicable to every species of tree or plant, but more generally used than flower or bloom, when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we use flowers,when we speak of shrubs cultivated for ornament; and bloom, in a more general sense, as flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of flowers.", "2. This word is used to denote the color of a horse, that has his hair white,but intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; otherwise, peach-colored."], "blossoming": ["BLOS'SOMING, ppr. Putting forth flowers; blowing.", "BLOS'SOMING, n. The blowing or flowering of plants."], "blot": ["BLOT, v.t. L. litura,whence lituro, oblitero. without the prefix.", "1. To spot with ink; to stain or bespatter with ink; as, to blot a paper.", "2. To obliterate writing or letters with ink, so as to render the characters invisible, or not distinguishable; generally with out; as, to blot out a word or a sentence.", "3. To efface; to erase; to cause to be unseen, or forgotten; to destroy; as, to blot out a crime, or the remembrance of any thing.", "4. To stain with infamy; to tarnish;; to disgrace; to disfigure.", "Blot not thy innocence with guiltless blood.", "5. To darken", "He sung how earth blots the moon's gilded wane.", "6. In scripture, to blot one out of the book of life, is to reject him from the number of those who are to be saved. To blot out a name, a person or a nation, is to destroy the person or nation; to exterminate or consume. To blot out sins, is to forgive them. Sins are compared to debts, which are recorded in God's book of remembrance,and when paid, are crossed or cancelled.", "BLOT, n. A spot or stain on paper,usually applied to ink.", "1. An obliteration of something written or printed.", "2. A spot in reputation; a stain, a disgrace; a reproach; a blemish.", "3. Censure;scorn; reproach.", "He that rebuketh the wicked getteth a blot. Prov.9.", "4. In backgammon, when a single man lies open to be taken up."], "blotted": ["BLOT'TED, pp. Stained; spotted; erased."], "blotting": ["BLOT'TING, ppr. Spotting with ink; obliterating; staining."], "blow": ["BLOW, n. This probably is a contracted word, and the primary sense must be, to strike, thrust, push, or throw, that is, to drive. I have not found it in the cognate dialects. If g or other palatal letter is lost, it corresponds in elements with the L.plaga", "fligo; Eng.flog.", "1. The act of striking; more generally the stroke; a violent application of the hand, fist, or an instrument to an object.", "2. The fatal stroke; a stroke that kills; hence, death.", "3. An act of hostility; as, the nation which strikes the first blow. Hence, to come to blows, is to engage in combat, whether by individuals, armies, fleets or nations; and when by nations, it is war.", "4. A sudden calamity; a sudden or severe evil. In like manner, plaga in Latin gives rise to the Eng. plague.", "5. A single act; a sudden event; as, to gain or lose a province at a blow, or by one blow.", "At a stroke is used in like manner.", "6. An ovum or egg deposited by a fly, on flesh or other substance, called a fly-blow.", "BLOW, v.t. pret. blew; pp.blown. L.flo, to blow. This word probably is from the same root as bloom, blossom, blow, a flower.", "1. To make a current of air; to move as air; as, the wind blows. Often used with it; as, it blows a gale.", "2. To pant; to puff; to breathe hard or quick.", "Here is Mrs. Page at the door, sweating and blowing.", "3. To breathe; as, to blow hot and cold.", "4. To sound with being blown, as a horn or trumpet.", "5. To flower; to blossom; to bloom; as plants.", "How blows the citron grove.", "To blow over, to pass away without effect;to cease or be dissipated; as, the storm or the clouds are blown over.", "To blow up, to rise in the air; also, to be broken and scattered by the explosion of gunpowder.", "BLOW, v.t. To throw or drive a current of air upon; as, to blow the fire; also, to fan.", "1. To drive by a current of air; to impel; as, the tempest blew the ship ashore.", "2. To breathe upon, for the purpose of warming; as, to blow the fingers in a cold day.", "3. To sound a wind instrument; as, blow the trumpet.", "4. To spread by report.", "And through the court his courtesy was blown.", "5. To deposit eggs, as flies.", "6. To form bubbles by blowing.", "7. To swell and inflate, as veal; a practice of butchers.", "8. To form glass into a particular shape by the breath, as in glass manufactories.", "9. To melt tin, after being first burnt to destroy the mundic.", "To blow away, to dissipate; to scatter with wind.", "To blow down, to prostrate by wind.", "To blow off, to shave down by wind, as to blow off fruit from trees; to drive from land, as to blow off a ship.", "To blow out, to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle.", "To blow up,to fill with air; to swell; as, to blow up a bladder or a bubble.", "10. To inflate; to puff up; as, to blow up one with flattery.", "11. To kindle; as, to blow up a contention.", "12. To burst, to raise into the air,or to scatter, by the explosion of gunpowder. Figuratively, to scatter or bring to naught suddenly; as, to blow up a scheme.", "To blow upon, to make stale; as, to blow upon an author's works.", "BLOW, n. A flower; a blossom. This word is in general use in the U. States, and legitimate. In the Tatler, it is used for blossoms in general, as we use blowth.", "1. Among seamen, a gale of wind. This also is a legitimate word, in general use in the U. States."], "blowing": ["BLOWING, ppr. Making a current of air; breathing quick; sounding a wind instrument; inflating; impelling by wind; melting tin.", "BLOWING, n. The motion of wind or act of blowing."], "blown": ["BLOWN, pp. Driven by wind; fanned; sounded by blowing; spread by report; swelled; inflated; expanded as a blossom."], "blue": ["BLUE, a. blu. One of the seven colors, into which the rays of light divide themselves, when refracted through a glass prism. There are various shades of blue, as sky-blue, or azure, Prussian blue, indigo blue, smalt blue, &c.", "Prussian blue, a combination of the oxyd of iron with an acid called ferro-prussic."], "blueness": ["BLU'ENESS, n. The quality of being blue; a blue color."], "blunt": ["BLUNT, a. from the root of Gr.to dull.", "1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp.", "2. Dull in understanding; slow of discernment.", "3. Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.", "4. Hard to penetrate. Unusual.", "BLUNT, v.t. To dull the edge or point, by making it thicker.", "1. To repress or weaken any appetite, desire or power of the mind; to impair the force of any passion which affects the mind, or of any evil or good which affects the body; as, to blunt the edge of love, of pain, or of suffering.", "Your ceaseless endeavors will be exerted to blunt the stings of pain."], "blunted": ["BLUNT'ED, pp. Made dull; weakened; impaired; repressed."], "blunting": ["BLUNT'ING, ppr. Making dull; repressing; impairing.", "BLUNT'ING, n. Restraint."], "bluntness": ["BLUNT'NESS, n. Want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness.", "1. Coarseness of address; roughness of manners, rude sincerity or plainness."], "blush": ["BLUSH, v.i.", "1. To redden in the cheeks or face; to be suddenly suffused with a red color in the cheeks or face, from a sense of guilt, shame, confusion, modesty, diffidence or surprise; followed by at or for, before the cause of blushing; as, blush at your vices;blush for your degraded country.", "In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young offender is ashamed to blush.", "2. To bear a blooming red color, or any soft bright color; as the blushing rose.", "He bears his blushing honors thick upon him.", "Shakespeare has used this word in a transitive sense, to make red, and it may be allowable in poetry.", "BLUSH, n. A red color suffusing the cheeks only, or the face generally, and excited by confusion, which may spring from shame, guilt, modesty, diffidence or surprise.", "The rosy blush of love.", "1. A red or reddish color.", "2. Sudden appearance; a glance; a sense taken from the sudden suffusion of the face in blushing;; as, a proposition appears absurd at first blush."], "blushing": ["BLUSH'ING, ppr. Reddening in the cheeks or face; bearing a bright color."], "boar": ["BOAR, n. L. aper, and verres. The male of swine not castrated."], "board": ["BOARD, n.", "1. A piece of timber sawed thin and of considerable length and breadth, compared with the thickness, used for building and other purposes.", "2. A table. The table of our rude ancestors was a piece of board, perhaps originally laid upon the knees. \"Lauti cibum capiunt; separata singulis sedes, et sua cuique mensa.\"", "3. Entertainment; food; diet; as, the price of board is two, five, or seven dollars a week.", "4. A table at which a council or court is held; hence a council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting; as a board of directors.", "5. The desk of a ship; the interior part of a ship or boat; used in the phrase, on board, aboard. In this phrase however the sense is primarily the side of the ship. To go aboard is to go over the side.", "6. The side of a ship.", "Now board to board, the rival vessels row.", "To fall over board, that is, over the side; the mast went by the board.", "Board and board, side by side.", "7. The line over which a ship runs between tack and tack. To make a good board, is to sail in a straight line, when close hauled.", "To make short boards, is to tack frequently.", "8. A table for artificers to sit or work on.", "9. A table or frame for a game; as a chess board, &c.", "10. A body of men constituting a quorum in session; a court, or council; as a board of trustees; a board of officers.", "BOARD, v.t. To lay or spread with boards; to cover with boards.", "1. To enter a ship by force in combat, which answers to storming a city or fort on land.", "2. To attack; to make the first attempt upon a man. In Spenser, to accost.", "3. To place at board, for a compensation, as a lodger.", "4. To furnish with food, or food and lodging, for a compensation; as, a man boards ten students.", "BOARD, v.i. To receive food or diet as a lodger or without lodgings, for a compensation; as,he boards at the moderate price of two dollars a week."], "boarded": ["BOARDED, pp. Covered with boards; entered by armed men, as a ship; furnished with food for a compensation."], "boarding": ["BOARDING, ppr. Covering with boards; entering a ship by force; furnishing or receiving board, as a lodger, for a reward."], "boast": ["BOAST, v.i. Gr. to inflate; L. fastus.", "1. To brag,or vaunt one's self; to make an ostentatious display, in speech, of one's own worth, property, or actions.", "2. To glory; to speak with laudable pride and ostentation of meritorious persons or things.", "I boast of you to them of Macedonia. St. Paul. 2. Cor.9.", "Usually, it is followed by of; sometimes by in.", "3. To exalt one's self.", "With your mouth you have boasted against me. Ezek.", "BOAST, v.t. To display in ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity or exultation, with a view to self-commendation.", "Lest men should boast their specious deeds.", "1. Magnify or exalt.", "They boast themselves in the multitude of their riches. Ps.49.", "2. To exult in confident expectation.", "Boast not thyself of tomorrow. Prov.27.", "BOAST, n. Expression of ostentation, pride or vanity; a vaunting.", "Thou makest thy boast of the law. Rom.2", "1. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride, vanity, or laudable exultation.", "Trial by peers is the boast of the British nation."], "boastful": ["BOASTFUL,a. Given to boasting; ostentatious of personal worth or actions."], "boasting": ["BOASTING, ppr. Talking ostentatiously; glorying; vaunting.", "BOASTING, n. Ostentatious display of personal worth, or actions; a glorying or vaunting.", "Where is boasting then? Rom.3."], "boastingly": ["BOASTINGLY, adv. In an ostentatious manner; with boasting."], "boaster": ["BOASTER, n. One who boasts, glories or vaunts ostentatiously."], "boat": ["BOAT, n.", "1. A small open vessel, or water craft, usually moved by oars, or rowing. The forms, dimensions and uses of boats are very various, and some of them carry a light sail. The different kinds of boats have different names, as, long-boat,lanch, barge, pinnace,jolly-boat, cutter, yawl, ferry-boat, wherry, Moses-boat, punt, felucca, fishing-boat,perogue, &c.", "2. A small vessel carrying a mast and sails; but usually described by another word, as a packet-boat, passage-boat, advice-boat. &c.", "BOAT, v.t. To transport in a boat; as, to boat goods across a lake."], "boating": ["BOATING, ppr. Transporting in boats.", "BOATING, n. The act of practice of transporting in boats.", "1. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders by laying them on the back in a boat which is covered, where they perish."], "bodied": ["BOD'IED, a. from body. Having a body."], "body": ["BOD'Y, n.", "1. The frame of an animal; the material substance of an animal, in distinction from the living principle of beasts, and the soul of man.", "Be not anxious for your body.", "2. Matter, as opposed to spirit.", "3. A person; a human being; sometimes alone; more generally, with some or no; as, somebody; nobody.", "4. Reality, as opposed to representation.", "A shadow of things to come, but the body is of Christ. Col.2", "5. A collective mass; a number of individuals or particulars united; as the body of mankind. Christians united or the Church is called the body, of which each Christian is a member, and Christ the head. 1 Cor.12. 12.27.", "6. The main army, in distinction from the wings, van or rear. Also, any number of forces under one commander.", "7. A corporation; a number of men, united by a common tie, by one form of government, or by occupation; as the legislative body; the body of the clergy; body corporate; body politic.", "8. The main part; the bulk; as the body of a tree; the body of a coach, of a ship, &c.", "9. Any extended solid substance; matter; any substance or mass distinct from others; as a metaline body; a floating body; a moving body; a light body; a heavy body."], "bodily": ["BOD'ILY, a. Having or containing a body or material form; corporeal; as bodily dimensions.", "1. Relating or pertaining to the body, in distinction from the mind; as bodily defects; bodily pain.", "2. Real; actual; as bodily act.", "BOD'ILY, adv. Corporeally; united with a body or matter.", "It is his human nature, in which the Godhead dwells bodily."], "boil": ["BOIL, v.i. L. bullio, bulla, a bubble.", "1. To swell,heave, or be agitated by the action of heat; to bubble; to rise in bubbles; as, the water boils. In a chimical sense, to pass from a liquid to an aeriform state or vapor, with a bubbling motion.", "2. To be agitated by any other cause than heat; as, the boiling waves which roll and foam.", "3. To be hot or fervid; to swell by native heat, vigor or irritation; as the boiling blood of youth; his blood boils with anger.", "4. To be in boiling water;to suffer boiling heat in water or other liquid, for cookery or other purpose.", "5. To bubble; to effervesce; as a mixture of acid and alkali. To boil away, to evaporate by boiling.", "To boil over, is to run over the top of a vessel, as liquor when thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of effervescence.", "BOIL, v.t. To dress or cook in boiling water; to seethe; to extract the juice or quality of any thing by boiling.", "1. To prepare for some use in boiling liquor; as, to boil silk, thread or cloth. To form by boiling and evaporation. This word is applied to a variety of processes for different purposes; as, to boil salt, or sugar, &c. In general, boiling is a violent agitation, occasioned by heat; to boil a liquor is to subject it to heat till it bubbles, and to boil any solid substance is to subject it to heat in a boiling liquid.", "BOIL, n. A tumor upon the flesh, accompanied with soreness and inflammation; a sore angry swelling."], "boiled": ["BOIL'ED, pp. Dressed or cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of boiling liquor."], "boiling": ["BOIL'ING, ppr. Bubbling; heaving in bubbles; being agitated as boiling liquor; swelling with heat, ardor or passion; dressing or preparing for some purpose by hot water.", "BOIL'ING, n. The act or state of bubbling; agitation by heat; ebullition; the act of dressing by hot water; the act of preparing by hot water, or of evaporating by heat."], "boisterous": ["BOIS'TEROUS, a.", "1. Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; as a boisterous wind.", "2. Turbulent; furious; tumultuous; noisy; as a boisterous man.", "3. Large; unwieldy; huge; clumsily violent; as a boisterous club.", "4. Violent; as a boisterous heat."], "boisterously": ["BOIS'TEROUSLY, adv. Violently; furiously; with loud noise; tumultuously."], "boisterousness": ["BOIS'TEROUSNESS, n. The state or quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder; tumultuousness."], "bold": ["BOLD, a.", "1. Daring; courageous; brave; intrepid; fearless; applied to men or other animals; as, bold as a lion.", "2. Requiring courage in the execution; executed with spirit or boldness; planned with courage and spirit; as a bold enterprise.", "3. Confident; not timorous.", "We were bold in our God to speak to you. 1 Thess.2.", "4. In an ill sense, rude, forward, impudent.", "5. Licentious; showing great liberty of fiction or expression; as, the figures of an author are bold.", "6. Standing out to view; striking to the eye; as bold figures in painting, sculpture and architecture.", "7. Steep; abrupt; prominent; as a bold shore, which enters the water almost perpendicularly, so that ships can approach near to land without danger.", "Where the bold cape its warning forehead rears.", "To make bold, to take freedoms; a common, but not a correct phrase. To be bold is better.", "BOLD, v.t. To make daring. Not used."], "boldness": ["BOLDNESS, n. Courage; bravery; intrepidity; spirit; fearlessness. I cannot, with Johnson, interpret this word by fortitude or magnanimity. Boldness does not, I think, imply the firmness of mind, which constitutes fortitude,nor the elevation and generosity of magnanimity.", "1. Prominence; the quality of exceeding the ordinary rules of scrupulous nicety and caution; applied to style, expression, and metaphors in language; and to figures in painting, sculpture and architecture.", "2. Freedom from timidity; liberty.", "Great is my boldness of speech towards you. 2 Cor.7.", "3. Confidence; confident trust.", "We have boldness and access with confidence. Eph.3.", "4. Freedom from bashfulness; assurance; confident mien.", "5. Prominence; steepness; as the boldness of the shore.", "6. Excess of freedom, bordering on impudence."], "boldly": ["BOLDLY, adv. In a bold matter; courageously; intrepidly; without timidity or fear; with confidence. Sometimes, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently."], "boll": ["BOLL, n. The pod or capsule of a plant, as of flax; a pericarp. Bole, a measure of six bushels, is sometimes written in this manner.", "BOLL, v.i. To form into a pericarp or seed-vessel.", "The barley was in the ear and the flax was bolled. Exodus 9.", "Heb.,Gr., as translated by the seventy.", "Bollard timbers, in a ship, or knight-heads, are two timbers, rising just within the stem, one on each side of the bowsprit, to secure its end.", "In docks, bollards are large posts set in the ground on each side, to which are lashed large blocks, through which are reeved the transporting hawsers for docking and undocking ships."], "bolster": ["BOLSTER, n.", "1. A long pillow or cushion,used to support the head of persons lying on a bed; generally laid under the pillows.", "2. A pad, or quilt,used to hinder pressure,support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part a compress.", "3. In sadlery, a part of a saddle raised upon the bows or hinder part, to hold the rider's thigh.", "4. In ships, a cushion or bag, filled with tarred canvas,used to preserve the stays from being worn or chafed by the masts.", "BOLSTER, v.t. To support with a bolster, pillow or any soft pad or quilt.", "1. To support; to hold up; to maintain.", "2. To afford a bed to."], "bolstered": ["BOLSTERED, a. Swelled out."], "bolsterer": ["BOLSTERER, n. A supporter."], "bolstering": ["BOLSTERING,n. A prop or support."], "bolt": ["BOLT,n. L. pello.", "1. An arrow; a dart; a pointed shaft.", "2. A strong cylindrical pin, of iron or other metal, used to fasten a door, a plank, a chain, &c. In ships, bolts are used in the sides and decks, and have different names, as rag-bolts, eye-bolts, ring-bolts,chain-bolts, &c. In gunnery, there are prise-bolts, transom-bolts, traverse-bolts, and bracket-bolts.", "3. A thunder-bolt; a stream of lightning, so named from its darting like a bolt.", "4. The quantity of twenty-eight ells of canvas.", "BOLT, v.t. To fasten or secure with a bolt, or iron pin, whether a door, a plank, fetters or any thing else.", "1. To fasten; to shackle; to restrain.", "2. To blurt out; to utter or throw out precipitately.", "I hate when vice can bolt her arguments.", "In this sense it is often followed by out.", "3. To sift or separate bran from flour. In America this term is applied only to the operation performed in mills.", "4. Among sportsmen, to start or dislodge, used of coneys.", "5. To examine by sifting; to open or separate the parts of a subject, to find the truth; generally followed by out. \"Time and nature will bolt out the truth of things.\" Inelegant.", "6. To purify; to purge. Unusual.", "7. To discuss or argue; as at Gray's inn, where cases are privately discussed by students and barristers.", "BOLT, v.i. To shoot forth suddenly; to spring out with speed and suddenness; to start forth like a bolt; commonly followed by out; as, to bolt out of the house, or out of a den."], "bolted": ["BOLTED, pp. Made a fast with a bolt; shot forth; sifted; examined."], "bolting": ["BOLTING,ppr. Fastening with a bolt, or bolts; blurting out; shooting forth suddenly; separating bran from flour; sifting; examining; discussing; dislodging.", "BOLTING, n. The act of fastening with a bolt or bolts; a sifting; discussion."], "bond": ["BOND, n.", "1. Anything that binds, as a cord, a chain, a rope; a band.", "2. Ligament; that which holds things together.", "3. Union; connection; a binding.", "Let walls be so constructed as to make a good bond.", "4. In the plural, chains; imprisonment; captivity.", "He hath done nothing worthy of death or of bonds. Acts.", "5. Cause of union; cement which unites; link of connection; as the bonds of affection.", "Charity is the bond of perfectness. Col.3", "6. An obligation imposing a moral duty, as by a vow, or promise, by law or other means.", "7. In law, an obligation or deed by which a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, to pay a certain sum, on or before a future day appointed. This is a single bond. But usually a condition is added, that ;if the obligor shall do a certain act, or pay a certain sum of money, on or before a time specified, the obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall remain in full force. If the condition is not performed, the bond becomes forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the payment of the whole sum.", "BOND, a. for bound. In a state of servitude, or slavery; captive.", "Whether we be jews or Gentiles; whether we be bond or free. 1 Cor.12.", "BOND, v.t. To give bond for; as for duties or customs at a custom house; to secure payment of, by giving a bond.", "On their reshipment and exportation, official clearances were given, in which no mention was made that the cargo consisted of bonded or debentured goods.", "In the U.States, it is applied to the goods on which the customs arise, and to the duties secured by bond."], "bonded": ["BOND'ED, pp. Secured by bond, as duties. Bonded goods are those for the duties on which bonds are given at the custom house."], "bondage": ["BOND'AGE, n. Slavery or involuntary servitude; captivity; imprisonment; restraint of a person's liberty by compulsion. In ancient English law, villenage.", "1. Obligation; tie of duty.", "He must resolve not to be brought under the bondage of observing oaths.", "2. In scripture, spiritual subjection to sin and corrupt passions, or to the yoke of the ceremonial law; servile fear. Heb.2. Gal.2. Rom.8."], "bondmaid": ["BOND'MAID, n. bond and maid. A female slave, or one bound to service without wages, in opposition to a hired servant."], "bondman": ["BOND'MAN, n. bond and man. A man slave, or one bound to service without wages. In old English law, a villain, or tenant in villenage."], "bondservant": ["BOND'SERVANT, n. bond and servant. A slave; one who is subjected to the authority of another, or whose person and liberty are restrained."], "bondservice": ["BOND'SERVICE, n. bond and service. The condition of a bond-servant;slavery."], "bone": ["BONE, n.", "1. A firm hard substance of a dull white color, composing some part of the frame of an animal body. The bones of an animal support all the softer parts, as the flesh and vessels. They vary in texture in different bones, and in different parts of the same bone. The long bones are compact in their middle portion, with a central cavity occupied by a network of plates and fibers, and cellular or spongy at the extremities. The flat bones are compact externally, and cellular internally. The bones in a fetus are soft and cartilaginous, but they gradually harden with age. The ends of the long bones are larger than the middle, which renders the articulations more firm, and in the fetus are distinct portions, called epiphyses. Bones are supplied with blood vessels, and in the fetus, or in a diseased state, are very vascular. They are probably also furnished with nerves and absorbents, though less easily detected in a sound state. They are covered with a thin, strong membrane, called the periosteum, which, together with the bones, has very little sensibility in a sound state, but when inflamed, is extremely sensible. Their cells and cavities are occupied by a fatty substance, called the medulla or marrow. They consist of earthy matter, rather more than half, gelatin, one sixteenth, and cartilage, about one third of the whole. The earthy matter gives them their solidity, and consists of phosphate of lime, with a small portion of carbonate of lime and phosphate of magnesia.", "2. A piece of bone, with fragments of meat adhering to it.", "To be upon the bones, is to attack. Little used, and vulgar.", "To make no bones, is to make no scruple; a metaphor taken from a dog who greedily swallows meat that has no bones.", "Bones, a sort of bobbins, made of trotter bones, for weaving lace; also dice.", "BONE, v.t. To take out bones from the flesh, as in cookery.", "1. To put whale bone into stays."], "boned": ["BO'NED, pp. Deprived of bones, as in cookery.", "BO'NED a. Having bones; used in composition; as high-boned; strong-boned."], "bonnet": ["BON'NET, n.", "1. A covering for the head, in common use before the introduction of hats. The word, as now used, signifies a cover for the head, worn by females, close at the sides, and projecting over the forehead."], "book": ["BOOK, n. Like the Latin liber, book signifies primarily bark and beech, the tree being probably named from its bark.", "A general name of every literary composition which is printed; but appropriately, a printed composition bound; a volume. The name is given also to any number of written sheets when bound or sewed together, and to a volume of blank paper, intended for any species of writing, as for memorandums, for accounts, or receipts.", "1. A particular part of a literary composition; a division of a subject in the same volume.", "2. A volume or collection of sheets in which accounts are kept; a register of debts and credits, receipts and expenditures, &c.", "In books, in kind remembrance; in favor.", "I was so much in his books, that at his decease he left me his lamp.", "Without book, by memory; without reading;without notes; as, a sermon was delivered without book. This phrase is used also in the sense of without authority; as,a man asserts without book.", "BOOK, v.t. To enter, write or register in a book."], "booked": ["BOOK'ED, pp. Written in a book; registered."], "bookful": ["BOOK'FUL, a. book and full. Full of notions gleaned from books; crowded with undigested learning."], "booking": ["BOOK'ING, ppr. Registering in a book."], "booth": ["BOOTH, n. Heb. beth, a house or booth, a nest for birds.", "A house or shed built of boards, boughs of trees, or other slight materials, for a temporary residence."], "booty": ["BOOT'Y, n.", "1. Spoil taken from an enemy in war; plunder; pillage.", "2. That which is seized by violence and robbery.", "To play booty is to play dishonestly with an intent to lose."], "booze": ["BOOZE, v.i. booz. To drink freely; to tope; to guzzle. A vulgar word."], "border": ["BORD'ER, n. The outer edge of any thing; the extreme part or surrounding line; the confine or exterior limit of a country, or of any region or tract of land; the exterior part or edge of a garment, or of the corol of plants; the rim or brim of a vessel, but not often applied to vessels; the exterior part of a garden, and hence a bank raised at the side of a garden, for the cultivation of flowers, and a row of plants; in short, the outer part or edge of things too numerous to be specified.", "BORD'ER, v.i. To confine; to touch at the edge, side or end; to be contiguous or adjacent; with on or upon; as, Connecticut on the north borders on or upon Massachusetts.", "1. To approach near to.", "Wit, which borders upon profaneness, deserves to be branded as folly.", "BORD'ER, v.t. To make a border; to adorn with a border of ornaments; as, to border a garment or a garden.", "1. To reach to; to touch at the edge or end; to confine upon; to be contiguous to.", "Sheba and Raamah border the Persian gulf.", "2. To confine within bounds; to limit. Not used."], "bordered": ["BORD'ERED, pp. Adorned or furnished with a border."], "borderer": ["BORD'ERER, n. One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a country, region or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place."], "bordering": ["BORD'ERING, ppr. Lying adjacent to; forming a border."], "bore": ["BORE, v.t. L. foro and perforo, to bore, to perforate; Gr. to pierce or transfix; also, to pass over, in which sense it coincides with ferry; L. veru, from thrusting or piercing, coincide in elements with this root.", "1. To perforate or penetrate a solid body and make a round hole by turning an auger, gimlet, or other instrument. Hence, to make hollow;; to form a round hole; as,to bore a cannon.", "2. To eat out or make a hollow by gnawing or corroding, as a worm.", "3. To penetrate or break through by turning or labor; as, to bore through a crowd.", "BORE, v.i. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that turns; as, this timber does not bore well or is hard to bore.", "1. To pierce or enter by boring; as, an auger bores well.", "2. To push forward toward a certain point.", "Boring to the west.", "3. With horsemen, a horse bores, when he carries his nose to the ground.", "4. In a transitive or intransitive sense, to pierce the earth with scooping irons, which, when drawn out, bring with them samples of the different stratums, through which they pass. This is a method of discovering veins of ore and coal without opening a mine.", "BORE, n. The hole made by boring. Hence, the cavity or hollow of a gun, cannon, pistol or other fire-arm; the caliber; whether formed by boring or not.", "1. Any instrument for making holes by boring or turning, as an auger, gimlet or wimble.", "BORE, n. A tide, swelling above another tide.", "A sudden influx of the tide into a river or narrow strait.", "BORE, pret. of bear. See Bear."], "bored": ["BO'RED, pp. Perforated by an auger or other turning instrument; made hollow."], "boree": ["BOREE', n. A certain dance, or movement in common time, of four crotchets in a bar; always beginning in the last quaver or last crotchet of the measure."], "born": ["BORN, pp. of bear. baurn. Brought forth, as an animal. A very useful distinction is observed by good authors, who, in the sense of produced or brought forth, write this word born; but in the sense of carried, write it borne. This difference of orthography renders obvious the difference of pronunciation.", "1. To be born, is to be produced or brought into life. \"Man is born to trouble.\" A man born a prince or a beggar. It is followed by of, before the mother or ancestors.", "Man that is born of woman is of few days and full of trouble. Job.14.", "2. To be born, or born again, is to be regenerated and renewed; to receive spiritual life. John 3."], "borne": ["BORNE, pp. of bear. Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed.", "BORNE,n. The more correct orthography of bourn, a limit or boundary. See Bourn."], "borrow": ["BOR'ROW, v.t.", "1. To take from another by request and consent, with a view to use the thing taken for a time, and return it, or if the thing taken is to be consumed or transferred in the use, then to return an equivalent in kind; as, to borrow a book, a sum of money,or a loaf of bread. It is opposed to lend.", "2. To take from another, for one's own use; to copy or select from the writings of another author; as, to borrow a passage from a printed book; to borrow a title.", "3. To take or adopt for one's own use, sentiments, principles, doctrines and the like; as, to borrow instruction.", "4. To take for use something that belongs to another; to assume, copy or imitate; as, to borrow a shape; to borrow the manners of another, or his style of writing.", "BOR'ROW, n. A borrowing; the act of borrowing. Not used.", "But of your royal presence I'll adventure.", "The borrow of a week."], "borrowed": ["BOR'ROWED, pp. Taken by consent of another, to be returned or its equivalent in kind; copies; assumed."], "borrower": ["BOR'ROWER, n. One who borrows; opposed to lender. See the verb.", "1. One who takes what belongs to another to use as one's own."], "borrowing": ["BOR'ROWING, ppr. Taking by consent to use and return, or to return its equivalent; taking what belongs to another to use as one's own; copying; assuming; imitating.", "BOR'ROWING, n. The act of borrowing. See the verb."], "bosom": ["BO'SOM, n. s as z.", "1. The breast of a human being and the parts adjacent.", "2. The folds or covering of clothes about the breast.", "Put thy hand in thy bosom. Ex.4.", "3. Embrace, as with the arms; inclosure; compass; often implying friendship or affection; as, to live in the bosom of a church.", "4. The breast, as inclosing the heart; or the interior of the breast, considered as the seat of the passions.", "Anger resteth in the bosom of fools. Eccles. 7.", "Their soul was poured into their mother's bosom. Lam.2.", "5. The breast, or its interior, considered as a close place, the receptacle of secrets.", "If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom. Job.31.", "6. Any inclosed place; the interior; as the bosom of the earth or of the deep.", "7. The tender affections; kindness; favor; as the son of his bosom; the wife of thy bosom.", "He shall carry the lambs in his bosom. Is.40.", "8. The arms, or embrace of the arms. Ps. 129.", "9. Inclination; desire. Not used.", "Bosom, in composition, implies intimacy, affection and confidence; as a bosom-friend, an intimate or confidential friend; bosom-lover, bosom-interest, bosom-secret, &c. In such phrases, bosom may be considered as an attribute equivalent to intimate, confidential, dear.", "BO'SOM, v.t. To inclose in the bosom; to keep with care.", "Bosom up my counsel.", "1. To conceal; to hide from view.", "To happy convents bosom'd deep in vines."], "bosomed": ["BO'SOMED, pp. Inclosed in the breast; concealed."], "boss": ["BOSS, n.", "1. A stud or knob; a protuberant ornament, of silver, ivory, or other material, used on bridles,harness, &c.", "2. A protuberant part; a prominence; as the boss of a buckler.", "3. A round or swelling body of any kind; as a boss of wood.", "4. A water-conduit, in form of a tun-bellied figure."], "bossed": ["BOSS'ED, pp. Studded; ornamented with bosses."], "botch": ["BOTCH, n. Eng.patch.", "1. A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection.", "Botches and blains must all his flesh imboss.", "2. A patch,or the part of a garment patched or mended in a", "clumsy manner; ill-finished work in mending.", "3. That which resembles a botch; a part added clumsily; adventitious or ill-applied words.", "If those words are not notorious botches, I am deceived."], "both": ["BOTH, a. Two, considered as distinct from others or by themselves; the one and the other.", "This word is often placed before the nouns with which it is connected.", "He understands how to manage both public and private concerns.", "It is often used as a substitute for nouns.", "And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them to Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. Gen.21.", "Both often represents two members of a sentence.", "He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both.", "Both often pertains to adjectives or attributes,and in this case generally precedes them in construction; as, he endeavored to render commerce both disadvantageous and infamous."], "bottle": ["BOT'TLE, n.", "1. A hollow vessel of glass, wood, leather or other material, with a narrow mouth, for holding and carrying liquors. The oriental nations use skins or leather for the conveyance of liquors; and of this kind are the bottles mentioned in scripture. \"Put new wine into bottles.\" In Europe and America, glass is used for liquors of all kinds; and farmers use small cags or hollow vessels of wood. The small kinds of glass bottles are called vials or phials.", "2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; but from the size of bottles used for wine, porter and cyder, a bottle is nearly a quart; as a bottle of wine or a porter.", "3. A quantity of hay in a bundle; a bundle of hay.", "BOT'TLE, v.t. To put into bottles; as, to bottle wine or porter. This includes the stopping of the bottles with corks."], "bottled": ["BOT'TLED, pp. Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles.", "1. Having a protuberant belly."], "bottling": ["BOT'TLING, ppr. Putting into bottles.", "BOT'TLING, n. The act of putting into bottles and corking."], "bottom": ["BOT'TOM, n.", "1. The lowest part of any thing; as the bottom of a well, vat or ship; the bottom of a hill.", "2. The ground under any body of water; as the bottom of the sea, of a river or lake.", "3. The foundation or ground work of any thing, as of an edifice,or of any system or moral subject; the base, or that which supports any superstructure.", "4. A low ground; a dale; a valley; applied in the U. States to the flat lands adjoining rivers, &c. It is so used in some parts of England.", "5. The deepest part; that which is most remote from the view; as, let us examine this subject to the bottom.", "6. Bound; limit.", "There is no bottom in my voluptuousness.", "7. The utmost extent or depth of cavity, or of intellect, whether deep or shallow.", "I do see the bottom of justice Shallow.", "8. The foundation, considered as the cause, spring or origin; the first moving cause; as, a foreign prince is at the bottom of the confederacy.", "9. A ship or vessel. Goods imported in foreign bottoms pay a higher duty, than those imported in our own. Hence, a state of hazard,chance or risk; but in this sense it is used chiefly or solely in the singular. We say, venture not too much in one bottom; that is, do not hazard too much at a single risk.", "10. A ball of thread.", "11. The bottom of a lane or alley, is the lowest end. This phrase supposed a declivity; but it is often used for the most remote part, when there is very little declivity.", "12. The bottom of beer, or other liquor,is the grounds or dregs.", "13. In the language of jockeys, stamina, native strength; as a horse of good bottom.", "BOT'TOM, v.t. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; followed by on; as, sound reasoning is bottomed on just premises.", "1. To furnish with a seat or bottom; as, to bottom a chair.", "2. To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread.", "BOT'TOM, v.i. To rest upon, as its ultimate support.", "Find on what foundation a proposition bottoms."], "bottomed": ["BOT'TOMED, pp. Furnished with a bottom; having a bottom", "This word is often used in composition, as a flat-bottomed boat, in which case the compound becomes an adjective."], "bottoming": ["BOT'TOMING, ppr. Founding; building upon; furnishing with a bottom."], "bottomless": ["BOT'TOMLESS, a. Without a bottom; applied to water, caverns &c., it signified fathomless, whose bottom cannot be found by sounding; as a bottomless abyss or ocean."], "bough": ["BOUGH, n. bou. The branch of a tree; applied to a branch of size, not to a small shoot."], "bought": ["BOUGHT, bast, pret. and pp. of buy. See Buy.", "BOUGHT, n. bawt.", "1. A twist; a link; a knot; a flexure, or bend.", "2. The part of a sling that contains the stone."], "bound": ["BOUND, n.", "1. A limit; the line which comprehends the whole of any given object or space. It differs from boundary. See the latter. Bound is applied to kingdoms, states,cities, towns, tracts of land, and to territorial jurisdiction.", "2. A limit by which any excursion is restrained; the limit of indulgence or desire; as, the love of money knows no bounds.", "3. A leap; a spring; a jump; a rebound.", "4. In dancing, a spring from one foot to the other.", "BOUND, v.t. To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension,whether of natural or moral objects, as of land, or empire, or of passion, desire,indulgence. Hence, to restrain or confine; as, to bound our wishes. To bound in is hardly legitimate.", "1. To make to bound.", "BOUND, v.i. To leap; to jump; to spring; to move forward by leaps.", "Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds.", "1. To rebound--but the sense is the same.", "BOUND, pret. and pp. of bind. As a participle, made fast by a band,or by chains or fetters; obliged by moral ties; confined; restrained.", "1. As a participle or perhaps more properly an adj.,destined; tending; going, or intending to go; with to or for; as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or for Cadiz.", "The application of this word,in this use, is taken from the orders given for the government of the voyage,implying obligation, or from tending, stretching. So destined implies being bound.", "Bound is used in composition, as in ice-bound, wind-bound, when a ship is confined or prevented from sailing by ice or by contrary winds."], "bounded": ["BOUND'ED, pp. Limited; confined; restrained."], "bounding": ["BOUND'ING, ppr Limiting; confining; restraining; leaping; springing; rebounding; advancing with leaps."], "bountiful": ["BOUN'TIFUL, a. bounty and full. Free to give; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors; munificent; generous.", "God, the bountiful author of our being.", "It is followed by of before the thing given, and to before the person receiving."], "bountifulness": ["BOUN'TIFULNESS, n. The quality of being bountiful; liberality in the bestowment of gifts and favors."], "bounty": ["BOUN'TY, n. L.bonitas, from bonus, good.", "1. Liberality in bestowing gifts and favors; generosity; munificence. The word includes the gift or favor and the kindness of disposition with which it is bestowed; or a favor bestowed with benevolent disposition. This distinguishes it from a mere gift. It is also observed by Johnson, that it differs from charity, as a present from an alms, in not being bestowed upon persons absolutely necessitous. This is often the case; but bounty includes charity, as the genus comprehends the species; charity however does not necessarily include bounty, for charity or an alms may be given with reluctance.", "The word may be used also for a free gift, 2 Bor.4.5' or a disposition to give, without the gift; goodness in general.", "2. A premium offered or given, to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry, manufactures or commerce."], "bountifully": ["BOUN'TIFULLY, adv. Liberally; largely; in a bountiful manner."], "bow": ["BOW, v.t.", "1. To bend; to inflect; as, to bow vines.", "2. To bend the body in token of respect or civility; as, to bow the head.", "3. To bend or incline towards, in condescension.", "Bow down thine ear to the poor. Eccles.", "4. To depress; to crush; to subdue.", "His heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave.", "He bows the nations to his will.", "BOW, v.i. To bend; to curve; to be inflected; to bend, in token of reverence, respect or civility; often with down.", "This is the idol to which the world bows.", "1. To stoop; to fall upon the knees.", "The people bowed upon their knees.", "2. To sink under pressure.", "They stoop; they bow down together. Isaiah.", "BOW, n. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission.", "BOW, n. See bow, to bend. An instrument of war, and hunting, made of wood, or other elastic matter, with a string fastened to each end. The bow being bent by drawing the string, and suddenly returning to its natural state by its elastic force, throws an arrow to a great distance, and with force sufficient to kill an animal. It is of two kinds, the long-bow, and the cross-bow, arbalest or arbalest. The use of the bow is called archery.", "1. Any thing bent, or in form of a curve; the rainbow; the doubling of a string in a knot; the part of a yoke which embraces the neck; &c.", "2. A small machine, formed with a stick and hairs, which being drawn over the strings of an instrument of music, causes it to sound.", "3. A beam of wood or brass, with three long screws that direct a lathe of wood or steel to any arch; used in forming drafts of ships, and projections of the sphere, or wherever it is necessary to draw large arches.", "4. An instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea, consisting of a large arch of ninety degrees graduated, a shank or staff, a side-vane, a sight-vane, and a horizon-vane; now disused.", "5. An instrument in use among smiths for turning a drill; with turners, for turning wood; with hatters, for breaking fur and wool.", "6. Bows of a saddle, are the two pieces of wood laid archwise to receive the upper part of a horse's back, to give the saddle its due form, and to keep it tight.", "7. Bow of a ship, is the rounding part of her side forward, beginning where the planks arch inwards, and terminating where they close, at the stem or prow. A narrow bow is called a lean bow; a broad one, a bold or bluff bow.", "On the bow, in navigation, is an arch of the horizon, not exceeding 45 degrees, comprehended between some distant object, and that point of the compass which is right ahead."], "bowed": ["BOW'ED, pp. Bent; crushed; subdued."], "bowing": ["BOW'ING, ppr. Bending; stooping; making a bow."], "bowingly": ["BOW'INGLY, adv. In a bending manner."], "bowel": ["BOW'EL, v.t. To take out the bowels; to eviscerate; to penetrate the bowels."], "bowels": ["BOW'ELS, n. plu.", "1. The intestines of an animal; the entrails, especially of man. The heart. 2.Cor.6.12.", "2. The interior part of any thing; as the bowels of the earth.", "3. The seat of pity or kindness; hence, tenderness, compassion, a scriptural sense.", "Bowel, in the singular, is sometimes used for gut."], "bowl": ["BOWL, n. In Latin, vola is the hollow of the hand.", "1. A concave vessel to hold liquors, rather wide than deep, and thus distinguished from a cup, which is rather deep than wide.", "2. The hollow part of any thing; as the bowl of a spoon.", "3. A basin; a fountain.", "BOWL, n. A ball of wood used for play on a level plat of ground.", "BOWL, v.i. To play with bowls, or at bowling.", "BOWL, v.t. To roll as a bowl; also, to pelt with any thing rolled."], "bowling": ["BOWLING, ppr. Playing at bowls."], "box": ["BOX, n. Lat. buxus, the tree, and pyxis, a box; Gr. a box, and the tree.", "A coffer or chest, either of wood or metal. In general, the word box is used for a case of rough boards, or more slightly made than a chest,and used for the conveyance of goods. But the name is applied to cases of any size and of any materials; as a wooden box, a tin box, an iron box, a strong box.", "1. The quantity that a box contains; as a box of quicksilver; a box or rings. In some cases,the quantity called a box is fixed by custom; in others,it is uncertain, as a box of tea or sugar.", "2. A certain seat in a play-house, or in any public room.", "3. The case which contains the mariner's compass.", "4. A money chest.", "5. A tree or shrub, constituting the genus buxus, used for bordering flower-beds. The African box is the myrsine.", "6. A blow on the head with the hand, or on the ear with the open hand.", "7. A cylindrical hollow iron used in wheels, in which the axle-tree runs. Also, a hollow tube in a pump, closed with a valve.", "BOX, v.i. To fight with the fist; to combat with the hand or fist.", "BOX, v.t. To inclose in a box; also, to furnish with boxes, as a wheel or block.", "1. To strike with the hand or fist, especially the ear or side of the head.", "2. To rehearse the several points of the compass in their proper order.", "3. To make a hole or cut in a tree, to procure the sap; as, to box a maple.", "4. To sail round."], "boxed": ["BOX'ED, pp. Inclosed in a box; struck on the head with the fist or hand; furnished with a box or hollow iron, as a wheel."], "boxing": ["BOX'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a box; striking with the fist; furnishing with a box.", "BOX'ING, n. The act of fighting with the fist; a combat with the fist."], "boy": ["BOY, n. L. puer for puger, for we see by puella, that r is not radical. So the Gr. probably is contracted, for the derivative verb, forms.", "A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; but in general, applied to males under ten or twelve years of age; a lad. Sometimes it is used in contempt for a young man, indicating immaturity, want of vigor or judgment.", "BOY, v.t. To treat as a boy.", "Rather, to act as a boy; to imitate a boy in action. The passage in Shakespeare,in which this word is found,is supposed to allude to the practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage.", "I shall see some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness."], "bracelet": ["BRA'CELET, n.", "1. An ornament for the wrist, worn by ladies. This ornament seems anciently to have been worn by men as well as women.", "2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm."], "brake": ["BRAKE, pp. of break. See Break.", "BRAKE, n. L. erica; Gr. to break.", "1. Brake is a name given to fern, or rather to the female fern, a species of cryptogamian plants, of the genus Pteris, whose fructification is in lines under the margin of the leaf or frond.", "2. A place overgrown with brake.", "3. A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles.", "4. In the U. States, a thicket of canes, as a cane-brake; but I believe used only in composition.", "BRAKE, n. See Break. An instrument to break flax or hemp.", "1. The handle or lever by which a pump is worked; that is, brac, brachium, an arm.", "2. A baker's kneading trough.", "3. A sharp bit, or snaffle.", "4. A machine for confining refractory horses, while the smith is shoeing them.", "5. That part of the carriage of a movable battery or engine which enables it to turn.", "6. A large heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; called also a drag."], "bramble": ["BRAM'BLE, n. The raspberry bush or blackberry bush; a general name of the genus rubus, of which there are several species. They are armed with prickles; hence in common language, any rough, prickly shrub."], "brambled": ["BRAM'BLED, a. Overgrown with brambles."], "branch": ["BR'ANCH, n.", "1. The shoot of a tree or other plant; a limb; a bough shooting from the stem, or from another branch or bough. Johnson restricts the word to a shoot from a main bough; but the definition warranted neither by etymology nor usage.", "A division of a main stem, supporting the leaves and fructification.", "An arm of a tree sprouting from the stem.", "2. Any arm or extended part shooting or extended from the main body of a thing; as the branch of a candlestick or of an artery. Hence, from similitude, a smaller stream running into a large one,or proceeding from it. Also, the shoot of a stag's horn; an antler.", "3. Any member or part of a body, or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; as, charity is a branch of christian duty.", "4. Any individual of a family descending in a collateral line; any descendant from a common parent or stock.", "5. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross chains and the curb.", "6. In architecture, branches of ogives are the arches of Gothic vaults, traversing from one angle to another diagonally, and forming a cross between the other arches, which make the sides of the square, of which these arches are diagonals.", "7. A warrant or commission given to a pilot.", "8. A chandelier.", "BR'ANCH, v.i. To shoot or spread in branches; to ramify, as a plant, or as horns.", "1. To divide into separate parts, or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral subject; to ramify.", "2. To speak diffusively; to make many distinctions or divisions in a discourse.", "3. To have horns shooting out.", "BR'ANCH, v.t. To divide as into branches; to make subordinate divisions.", "1. To adorn with needle work, representing branches, flowers, or twigs."], "branched": ["BR'ANCHED, pp. Divided or spread into branches; separated into subordinate parts; adorned with branches; furnished with branches."], "branching": ["BR'ANCHING, ppr. Shooting in branches; dividing into several subordinate parts.", "BR'ANCHING,a. Furnished with branches; shooting out branches."], "brand": ["BRAND, n.", "1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct.", "2. A sword, either from brandishing, or from its glittering brightness; now obsolete,unless in poetry.", "3. A thunder-bolt.", "4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a criminal, or upon a cask; a stigma; any note of infamy.", "BRAND, v.t. To burn or impress a mark with a hot iron; as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment; or to brand a cask or any thing else, for the purpose of fixing a mark upon it.", "1. To fix a mark or character of infamy, in allusion to the branding of criminals; to stigmatize as infamous; as, to brand a vice with infamy."], "branded": ["BRAND'ED, pp. Marked with a hot iron; stigmatized."], "branding": ["BRAND'ING, ppr. Impressing a mark with a hot iron; fixing a stigma or mark of reproach."], "brandish": ["BRAND'ISH, v.t.", "1. To move or wave, as a weapon; to raise, and move in various directions; to shake or flourish; as, to brandish a sword or a cane. It often indicates threatening.", "2. To play with; to flourish; as, to brandish syllogisms."], "brandished": ["BRAND'ISHED, pp. Raised and waved in the air with a flourish."], "brandisher": ["BRAND'ISHER, n. One who brandishes."], "brandishing": ["BRAND'ISHING, ppr. Raising and waving in the air; flourishing."], "brasen": ["BRA'SEN, a. brazn. Made of brass. See Brass and Brazen."], "brass": ["BR'ASS, n.", "1. An alloy of copper and zink,of a yellow color; usually containing about one third of its weight of zink, but the proportions are variable. The best brass is made by cementation of calamine or the oxyd of zink with granulated copper.", "2. Impudence; a brazen face."], "brasse": ["BR'ASSE,n. The pale spotted perch,with two long teeth on each side; the lucio-perca."], "bravery": ["BRA'VERY, n. Courage; heroism; undaunted spirit; intrepidity; gallantry; fearlessness of danger; often united with generosity or dignity of mind which despises meanness and cruelty, and disdains to take advantage of a vanquished enemy.", "The duelist, in proving his bravery, shows that he thinks it suspected.", "1. Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance.", "The bravery of their tinkling ornaments. Is.3.", "2. Show; ostentation; fine dress.", "3. Bravado; boast.", "4. A showy person.", "In the last four senses, this word is nearly antiquated."], "brawl": ["BRAWL, v.i. L. proelior.", "1. To quarrel noisily and indecently.", "2. To speak loud and indecently.", "3. To roar as water; to make a noise.", "BRAWL, v.t. To drive or beat away.", "BRAWL, n. Noise; quarrel; scurrility; uproar.", "1. Formerly, a kind of dance."], "brawling": ["BRAWL'ING, n. The act of quarreling."], "brawlingly": ["BRAWL'INGLY, adv. In a quarrelsome manner."], "brawler": ["BRAWL'ER, n. A noisy fellow; a wrangler."], "bray": ["BRAY, v.t.", "1. To pound, beat or grind small; as, to bray a fool in a mortar. Prov.27.", "2. To make a harsh sound, as of an ass.", "3. To make a harsh,disagreeable grating sound.", "BRAY, n. The harsh sound or roar of an ass; a harsh grating sound.", "1. Shelving ground.", "BRAY, n. A bank or mound of earth."], "braying": ["BRA'YING, ppr. Pounding or grinding small; roaring.", "BRA'YING, n. Roar; noise; clamor."], "breach": ["BREACH, n.", "1. The act of breaking; or state of being broken; a rupture; a break; a gap; the space between the severed parts of a solid body parted by violence; as a breach in a garment, or in a wall.", "2. The violation of a law; the violation or non-fulfillment of a contract; the non-performance of a moral duty; non-performance of duty being a breach of obligation, as well as a positive transgression or violation.", "Every breach of the public engagements is hurtful to public credit.", "3. An opening in a coast. Not usual.", "4. Separation between friends by means of enmity; difference; quarrel.", "5. Infraction; injury; invasion; as a breach upon kingly power.", "6. Bereavement; loss of a friend and its consequent affliction.", "7. A violation of the public peace, as by a riot, affray, or any tumult which is contrary to law, and destructive to the public tranquillity, is called a breach of the peace.", "BREACH, v.t. To make a breach, or opening."], "bread": ["BREAD, n. bred. Gr. anything esculent. If the word signifies food in general, or that which is eaten, probably it is the Heb. and Ch., from barah, to eat or feed.", "1. A mass of dough, made by moistening and kneading the flour or meal of some species of grain, and baked in an oven, or pan.", "2. Food in general.", "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread.", "Gen.3.", "Give us this day our daily bread. Lord's Prayer.", "3. Support of like in general; maintenance.", "Is the reward of virtue, bread?", "Bee-bread. See Bee.", "Ship-bread, bread for ships; hard biscuits.", "Cassada-bread. See Cassada.", "BREAD, v.t. To spread. Not used."], "breadth": ["BREADTH, n. bredth. The measure or extent of any plain surface from side to side; a geometrical dimension, which,multiplied into the length, constitutes a surface; as,the length of a table is five feet, and the breadth, three; 5x3=15 feet, the whole surface."], "break": ["BREAK, v.t. pret. broke, brake.obs. pp. broke or broken.", "L. frango, fregi, n casual; Heb.to break, to free or deliver, to separate.", "1. To part or divide by force and violence, as a solid substance; to rend apart; as, to break a band; to break a thread or a cable.", "2. To burst or open by force.", "The fountains of the earth were broke open.", "3. To divide by piercing or penetrating; to burst forth; as, the light breaks through the clouds.", "4. To make breaches or gaps by battering, as in a wall.", "5. To destroy, crush, weaken, or impair, as the human body or constitution.", "6. To sink; to appall or subdue; as, to break the spirits, or the passions.", "7. To crush; to shatter; to dissipate the strength of, as of an army.", "8. To weaken, or impair, as the faculties.", "9. To tame; to train to obedience; to make tractable; as, to break a horse.", "10. To make bankrupt.", "11. To discard, dismiss or cashier; as, to break an officer.", "12. To crack, to part or divide, as the skin; to open, as an aposteme.", "13. To violate, as a contract or promise, either by a positive act contrary to the promise, or by neglect or non-fulfillment.", "14. To infringe or violate, as a law, or any moral obligation, either by a positive act or by an omission of what is required.", "15. To stop; to interrupt; to cause to cease; as, to break conversation; to break sleep.", "16. To intercept; to check; to lessen the force of; as, to break a fall, or a blow.", "17. To separate; to part; as, to break company of friendship.", "18. To dissolve any union; sometimes with off; as, to break off a connection.", "19. To cause to abandon; to reform or cause to reform; as, to break one of ill habits or practices.", "20. To open as a purpose; to propound something new; to make a first disclosure of opinions; as, to break one's mind.", "21. To frustrate; to prevent.", "If plagues or earthquakes break not heaven's design.", "22. To take away; as, to break the whole staff of bread. Ps. 105.", "23. To stretch; to strain; to rack; as, to break one on the wheel.", "To break the back, to strain or dislocate the vertebers with too heavy a burden; also, to disable one's fortune.", "To break bulk, to begin to unload.", "To break a deer, to cut it up at table.", "To breakfast, to eat the first meal in the day, but used as a compound word.", "To break ground, to plow.", "To break ground, to dig; to open trenches.", "To break the heart, to afflict grievously; to cause great sorrow or grief; to depress with sorrow or despair.", "To break a jest, to utter a jest unexpected.", "To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck.", "To break off, to put a sudden stop to; to interrupt; to discontinue.", "Break off thy sins by righteousness. Dan.4.", "1. To sever; to divide; as, to break off a twig.", "To break sheer, in marine language. When a ship at anchor is in a position to keep clear of the anchor, but is forced by wind or current out of that position,she breaks her sheer.", "To break up, to dissolve or put an end to; as, to break up house-keeping.", "1. To open or lay open; as, to break up a bed of earth.", "2. To plow ground the first time, or after lying long unplowed; a common use in the U. States.", "3. To separate; as, to break up a company.", "4. To disband; as, to break up an army.", "To break upon the wheel, to stretch and break the bones by torture upon the wheel.", "To break wind, to give vent to wind from the body backward.", "BREAK, v.i. To part; to separate;to divide in two; as, the ice breaks; a band breaks.", "1. To burst; as, a storm or deluge breaks.", "2. To burst, by dashing against something; as, a wave breaks upon a rock.", "3. To open, as a tumor or aposteme.", "4. To open, as the morning; to show the first light; to dawn.", "5. To burst forth; to utter or exclaim.", "6. To fail in trade or other occupation; to become bankrupt.", "7. To decline in health and strength; to begin to lose the natural vigor.", "8. To issue out with vehemence.", "9. To make way with violence or suddenness; to rush; often with a particle; as, to break in; to break in upon, as calamities; to break over, as a flood; to break out, as a fire; to break forth, as light or a sound.", "10. To come to an explanation.", "I am to break with thee upon some affairs. I believe, antiquated.", "11. To suffer an interruption of friendship; to fall out.", "Be not afraid to break with traitors.", "12. To faint, flag or pant.", "My soul breaketh for longing to thy judgments. Ps.119.", "To break away, to disengage itself from; to rush from; also, to dissolve itself or dissipate, as fog or clouds.", "To break forth, to issue out.", "To break from, to disengage from; to depart abruptly, or with vehemence.", "To break in, to enter by force; to enter unexpectedly; to intrude.", "To break loose, to get free by force; to escape from confinement by violence; to shake off restraint.", "To break off, to part; to divide; also, to desist suddenly.", "To break off from, to part from with violence.", "To break out, to issue forth; to discover itself by its effects, to arise or spring up; as, a fire breaks out; a sedition breaks out; a fever breaks out.", "1. To appear in eruptions, as pustules; to have pustules, or an efflorescence on the skin, as a child breaks out. Hence we have freckle from the root of break.", "2. To throw off restraint, and become dissolute.", "To break up, to dissolve itself and separate; as a company breaks up; a meeting breaks up; a fog breaks up; but more generally we say, fog, mist or clouds break away.", "To break with, to part in enmity; to cease to be friends; as, to break with a friend or companion.", "This verb carries with it its primitive sense of straining, parting, severing, bursting, often with violence, with the consequential senses of injury, defect and infirmity.", "BREAK, n. A state of being open, or the act of separating; an opening made by force; an open place. It is the same word as brack, differently written and pronounced.", "1. A pause; an interruption.", "2. A line in writing or printing, noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence.", "3. In a ship, the break of the deck is the part where it terminates, and the descent on to the next deck below commences.", "4. The first appearance of light in the morning; the dawn; as the break of day."], "breaking": ["BREAKING, ppr. Parting by violence; rending asunder; becoming bankrupt."], "breaker": ["BREAKER, n. The person who breaks any thing; a violator or transgressor; as a breaker of the law.", "1. A rock which breaks the waves; or the wave itself which breaks the waves; or the wave itself which breaks against a rock, a sand bank, or the shore, exhibiting a white foam.", "2. A pier, mound or other solid matter, placed in a river, to break the floating ice, and prevent it from injuring a bridge below; called also ice-breaker.", "3. One that breaks up ground.", "4. A destroyer. Micah 2."], "breast": ["BREAST, n. brest.", "1. The soft, protuberant body, adhering to the thorax, which, in females, furnishes milk for infants.", "His breasts are full of milk. Job.21.24.", "2. The fore part of the thorax, or the fore part of the human body between the neck and the belly.", "3. The part of a breast which answers to the breast in man. This, in quadrupeds, is between the fore legs, below the neck.", "4. Figuratively, the heart; the conscience; the disposition of the mind; the affections;the seat of the affections and passions.", "5. Formerly,the power of singing.", "BREAST, v.t. brest. To meet in front; to oppose breast to breast."], "breasted": ["BREAST'ED, a. Having a broad breast; having a fine voice."], "breasting": ["BREAST'ING, ppr. Meeting with the breast; opposing in front."], "breastplate": ["BREAST'PLATE, n. breast and plate.", "1. Armor for the breast.", "2. A strap that runs across a horse's breast.", "3. In Jewish antiquity, a part of the vestment of the high priest, consisting of a folded piece of the rich embroidered stuff of which the ephod was made. It was set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes."], "breath": ["BREATH, n. breth.", "1. The air inhaled and expelled in the respiration of animals.", "2. Life.", "No man has more contempt than I of breath.", "3. The state or power of breathing freely; opposed to a state of exhaustion from violent action; as, I am out of breath; I am scarce in breath.", "4. Respite; pause; time to breathe; as,let me take breath; give me some breath.", "5. Breeze; aid in gentle motion.", "Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea,", "When not a breath of wind flies o'er its surface.", "6. A single respiration; as, he swears at every breath.", "7. An instant; the time of a single respiration; a single act.", "He smiles and he frowns in a breath.", "8. A word.", "A breath can make them, as a breath has made."], "breathe": ["BREATHE, v.i. To respire; to inspire and expire air. Hence, to live.", "1. To take breath; to rest from action; as, let them have time to breathe.", "2. To pass as air.", "To whose foul mouth no wholesome air breathes in.", "BREATHE, v.t. To inhale as air into the lungs and expel it; as, to breathe vital air.", "1. To inject by breathing; to infuse; followed by into.", "And the Lord God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Gen.2.", "2. To expire; to eject by breathing; followed by out; as, to breathe out threatening and slaughter.", "3. To exercise; to keep in breath.", "The greyhounds are as swift as brethed stage.", "4. To inspire or blow into; to cause to sound by breathing; as, to breathe the flute.", "5. To exhale; to emit as breath; as, the flowers breathe odors or perfume.", "6. To utter softly or in private; as, to breathe a vow.", "7. To give air or vent to; to open; as, to breathe a vein.", "8. To express; to manifest.", "Other articles breathe the same severe spirit."], "breathed": ["BRE'ATHED, pp. Inhaled and exhaled; respired; uttered."], "breathful": ["BREATH'FUL, a. breth'ful. Full of breath; full of odor."], "breathing": ["BRE'ATHING, ppr. Respiring; living; uttering.", "1. Exhibiting to the life; as breathing paint.", "BRE'ATHING, n. Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air.", "1. Aspiration; secret prayer.", "2. Breathing-place; vent.", "3. Accent; aspiration.", "BRE'ATHING-PLACE, n. A pause.", "1. A vent."], "bred": ["BRED, pp. of breed. Generated; produced; contrived; educated."], "breech": ["BREECH, n. brich. See Breach and Break. The lower part of the body behind.", "1. Breeches; but rarely used in the singular.", "2. The hinder part of any thing.", "BREECH, v.t. To put into breeches.", "1. To whip on the breech.", "2. See Britch."], "breeches": ["BREECHES, n. plu. brich'es. Low L. braccoe.", "A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs. It is now a close garment; but the word formerly was used for a loose garment, now called trowsers, laxoe braccoe.", "To wear the breeches is, in the wife, to usurp the authority of the husband."], "breeching": ["BREECHING, ppr. brich'ing. Furnishing with breeches, or with a breech. See Britch.", "1. Whipping the breech; and as a noun, a whipping.", "BREECHING, in gunnery on board of ships. Bee Britching."], "breed": ["BREED, v.t. pret. and pp. bred.", "1. To generate; to engender; to hatch; to produce the young of any species of animals. I think it is never used of plants, and in animals is always applied to the mother or dam.", "2. To produce within or upon the body; as, to breed teeth; to breed worms.", "3. To cause; to occasion; to produce; to originate.", "Intemperance and lust breed infirmities.", "Ambition breeds factions.", "4. To contrive; to hatch; to produce by plotting.", "Had he a heart and a brain to breed it in?", "5. To give birth to; to be the native place of; as, a pond breeds fish; a northern country breeds a race of stout men.", "6. To educate; to instruct; to form by education; often, but unnecessarily, followed by up; as, to breed a son to an occupation; a man bred at a university. To breed up is vulgar.", "7. To bring up; to nurse and foster; to take care of in infancy, and through the age of youth; to provide for, train and conduct; to instruct the mind and form the manners in youth.", "To bring thee forth with pain, with care to breed.", "BREED, v.i. To produce, as a fetus; to bear and nourish, as in pregnancy; as, a female breeds with pain.", "1. To be formed in the parent or dam; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth; as,children or young breed in the matrix.", "2. To have birth; to be produced; as, fish breed in rivers.", "3. To be increased by a new production.", "But could youth last and love still breed.", "4. To raise a breed; as, to choose the best species of swine to breed from.", "BREED, n. A race or progeny from the same parents or stock.", "1. A cast; a kind; a race of men or other animals, which have an alliance by nativity, or some distinctive qualities in common; as a breed of men in a particular country; a breed of horses or sheep. Applied to men, it is not elegant. We use race.", "2. Progeny; offspring; applied to other things than animals.", "3. A number produced at once, a hatch; a brood; but for this, brood is generally used."], "breeding": ["BREE'DING, ppr. Bearing and nourishing, as a fetus; engendering; producing; educating.", "BREE'DING, n. The act of generating or of producing.", "1. The raising of a breed or breeds; as, the farmer attends to the breeding of sheep.", "2. Nurture; education; instruction; formation of manners.", "She had her breeding at my father's charge.", "3. By way of eminence, manners; knowledge of ceremony; deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life. Hence good breeding is politeness, or the qualifications which constitute genteel deportment."], "brethren": ["BRETH'REN, n. plu. of brother. It is used almost exclusively in solemn and scriptural language,in the place of brothers. See Brother."], "bribe": ["BRIBE, n.", "1. A price, reward, gift or favor bestowed or promised with a view to pervert the judgment, or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness or other person. A bribe is a consideration given or promised to a person, to induce him to decide a cause, give testimony, or perform some act contrary to what he knows to be truth, justice or rectitude. It is not used in a good sense, unless in familiar language."], "bribery": ["BRI'BERY, n. The act or practice of giving or taking rewards for corrupt practices; the act of paying or receiving a reward for a false judgment, or testimony, or for the performance of that which is known to be illegal, or unjust. It is applied both to him who gives, and to him who receives the compensation, but appropriately to the giver."], "brick": ["BRICK, n. L. imbrex, a gutter-tile, from imber, a shower, which is probably a compound, of which the last syllable is from whence.", "A mass of earth, chiefly clay, first moistened and made fine by grinding or treading, then formed into a long square in a mold, dried and baked or burnt in a kiln; used in buildings and walls.", "1. A loaf shaped like a brick.", "BRICK, v.t. To lay or pave with bricks.", "1. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on plaster,by smearing it with red ocher and making the joints with an edge-tool, filling them with fine plaster."], "brickkiln": ["BRICK'KILN, n. brick and kiln. A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt, or a pile of bricks,laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or fuel."], "bride": ["BRIDE, n.", "1. A woman new married.", "But the name is applied to a woman at the marriage festival, before she is married, as well as after the ceremony.", "2. A woman espoused, or contracted to be married. The case of Lewellyn, prince of Wales. Henry's Hist.of Britain, B.iv.ch.i.,sect.2. This is the true original sense of the word."], "bridechamber": ["BRI'DECHAMBER, n. The nuptial apartment. Matt.9."], "bridegroom": ["BRI'DEGROOM, n. A man newly married; or a man about to be married. The passage of Shakespeare cited by Johnson proves that the last definition is just.", "As are those dulcet sounds in break of day,", "That creep into the dreaming bridegroom's ear,", "And summon him to marriage.", "BRI'DEGROOM, n. See Bridegroom."], "bridle": ["BRI'DLE, n.", "1. The instrument with which a horse is governed and restrained by a rider; consisting of a head-stall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages, according to its particular form and uses.", "2. A restraint; a curb; a check.", "3. A short piece of cable well served, attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a harbor, and the upper end drawn into a ship and secured to the bits. The use is to enable a ship, when moored, to veer with the wind and tide.", "Bowline bridles are short legs or pieces of rope, running through iron thimbles,by which the bowline attaches to different places on the leech or edge of a large sail", "BRI'DLE, v.t. To put on a bridle; as, to bridle a horse.", "1. To restrain, guide or govern; to check, curb or control; as, to bridle the passions; \"to bridle a muse.\"", "Bridle the excursions of youth.", "BRI'DLE, v.i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin."], "bridled": ["BRI'DLED, pp. Having a bridle on; restrained."], "bridling": ["BRI'DLING, ppr. Putting on a bridle; restraining;curbing.", "1. Holding up the head, and drawing in the chin.", "The bridling frown of wrinkles brows."], "briefly": ["BRIE'FLY, adv. Concisely; in few words."], "brier": ["BRI'ER, n.", "1. In a general sense, a prickly plant or shrub. Is.v.6. Judges 8.7.", "2. In a limited sense, the sweet-brier and the wild-brier, species of the rose."], "brigandine": ["BRIG'ANDINE, n. Anciently, a coat of mail. The name has ceased to be used, with the disuse of the thing. It consisted of thin jointed scales of plate, pliant and easy to the body."], "bright": ["BRIGHT, a. brite. Heb. to shine.", "1. Shining; lucid; luminous; splendid; as a bright sun or star; a bright metal.", "2. Clear; transparent; as liquors.", "3. Evident; clear; manifest to the mind,as light is to the eyes.", "4. Resplendent with charms; as a bright beauty; the brightest fair.", "5. Illuminated with science; sparkling with wit; as the brightest of men.", "6. Illustrious; glorious; as the brightest period of a kingdom.", "7. In popular language, ingenious; possessing an active mind.", "8. Promising good or success; as bright prospects.", "9. Sparkling; animated; as bright eyes."], "brightness": ["BRIGHTNESS, n. briteness. Splendor; luster; glitter.", "1. Acuteness, applied to the faculties; sharpness of wit; as the brightness of a man's parts."], "brim": ["BRIM, n.", "1. The rim, lip or broadborder of any vessel or other thing; as the brim of a hat, or of a vessel.", "2. The upper edge of a vessel, whether broad or not; as the brim of a cup or glass.", "3. The top of any liquor; the edge or that next the border at the top.", "The feet of the priests were dipped in the brim of the water. Josh.3.", "4. The edge or brink of a fountain; the verge.", "BRIM, a. Public; well known; celebrated. Not in use.", "BRIM, v.t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top."], "brimful": ["BRIM'FUL, a. brim and full. Full to the top; completely full; as a glass brimful; a heart brimful of tears."], "brimfulness": ["BRIM'FULNESS, n. Fulness to the top. Not used."], "brimming": ["BRIM'MING, a. Full to the top or brim; as a brimming pail."], "brimstone": ["BRIM'STONE, n. Sulphur; a hard, brittle, inflammable substance, of a lemon yellow color, which has no smell, unless heated, and which becomes negatively electric by heat and friction. It is found, in great quantities, and sometimes pure, in the neighborhood of volcanoes. It is an ingredient in a variety of minerals and ores. The sulphur of commerce is procured from its natural beds, or artificially extracted from pyrites."], "bring": ["BRING, v.t.", "1. To fetch; to bear, convey or lead from a distant to a nearer place, or to a person; as, bring me a book from the shelf; bring me a morsel of bread. In this sense, it is opposed to carry, and it is applied to the person bearing or leading, in opposition to sending or transmitting by another.", "2. To produce; to procure as a cause; to draw to.", "Nothing brings a man more honor than to be invariably just.", "3. To attract or draw along.", "In distillation the water brings over with it another substance.", "4. To cause to come; to cause to proceed from a distant place, in company, or at the same time; as, to bring a boat over a river; to bring a horse or carriage; to bring a cargo of dry goods.", "5. To cause to come to a point, by moral influence; used of the mind, and implying previous remoteness, aversion, alienation, or disagreement; as, to bring the mind to assent to a proposition; or to bring a man to terms, by persuasion or argument. In this sense, it is nearly equivalent to persuade, prevail upon, or induce. The same process is effected by custom, and other causes. Habit brings us to relish things at first disagreeable; reflection brings a man to his senses, and whether the process is slow or rapid,the sense of the verb is the same. To bring to the mind any thing before and forgotten, is to recall; but the sense of bring is the same.", "The primary sense is to lead, draw or cause to come; the sense of conveying or bearing is secondary.", "The use of this verb is so extensive, and incorporated into so many peculiar phrases, that it is not easy to reduce its significations within any precise limits. In general, the verb bring implies motion from a place remote, either in a literal or figurative sense. It is used with various modifying words.bring back is to recall, implying previous departure, either in a literal or figurative sense.", "To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect; to accomplish; to bring to the desired issue.", "To bring forth is to produce, as young or fruit; also, to bring to light; that is, to make manifest; to disclose.", "To bring forward,to cause to advance; to produce to view.", "To bring in, to import; to introduce; to bear from remote place within a certain precinct; to place in a particular condition; to collect things dispersed; to reduce within the limits of law and government; to produce, as income, rent or revenue; to induce to join; &c.", "To bring off, to bear or convey from a distant place, as to bring off men from an isle; also, to procure to be acquitted; to clear form condemnation; to cause to escape.", "To bring on, to cause to begin, as to bring on an action; also, to originate or cause to exist, as to bring on a disease; also, to bear or convey from a distance, as to bring on a quantity of goods; also, to attend, or to aid in advancing, as to bring one on his way.", "To bring over, to bear across, as to bring over dispatches, to bring over passengers in a boat; also, to convert by persuasion or other means; to draw to a new party; to cause to change sides, or an opinion.", "To bring out, to expose; to detect; to bring to light from concealment; as, to bring out an accomplice or his crimes.", "To bring under, to subdue; to repress; to restrain; to reduce to obedience; also, to bring beneath any thing.", "To bring up, to nurse; to educate; to instruct; to feed and clothe; to form the manners, and furnish the mind with knowledge. The phrase may comprehend all these particulars. Also, to introduce to practice, as to bring up a fashion or ceremony; also, to cause to advance near, as to bring up forces, or the body of reserve; also, to bear or convey upwards. In navigation, to cast anchor.", "To bring down, to cause to come down; also, to humble or abase, as to bring down high looks.", "To bring to, in navigation, to check the course of a ship, by arranging the sails in such a manner, that they shall counteract each other, and keep her nearly stationary. She is then said to lie to. The phrase is used also in applying a rope to the capstan.", "To bring by the lee, to incline so rapidly to leeward of the course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side suddenly to the windward, and by laying the sails aback, expose her to the danger of oversetting."], "bringing": ["BRING'ING, ppr. Bearing to; conveying; persuading; causing to come."], "bringer": ["BRING'ER, n. One who brings, or conveys to.", "Bringer in, the person who introduces.", "Bringer up, an instructor; one who feeds,clothes, and educates; also, one who is in the rear of an army."], "brink": ["BRINK, n. The edge, margin or border of a steep place, as of a precipice, or the bank of a river."], "broad": ["BROAD, a. brawd. L. gradior; a root of extensive use.", "1. Wide; extended in breadth, or from side to side, as distinguished from long, or extended from end to end. It is opposed to narrow; as a broad street; a broad table.", "2. Wide; extensive; vast; as the broad expanse of ocean.", "3. Large; as a broad mixture of falsehood.", "4. Open; clear; not covered,confined or concealed; as in broad sunshine.", "5. Gross; coarse; as broad mirth; broad nonsense.", "6. Plain; tending to obscenity; as a broad comment.", "7. Bold; not delicate; not reserved; as broad words.", "8. Comprehensive.", "It may be urged that the words in the constitution are broad enough to include the case.", "Broad as long, equal upon the whole."], "broadness": ["BROADNESS, n. Breadth; extent from side to side; coarseness; grossness; fulsomeness."], "broid": ["BROID, v.t. To braid. See Braid."], "broider": ["BROID'ER, v.t. To adorn with figures of needle work.", "A robe, a broidered coat, and a girdle."], "broiderer": ["BROID'ERER, n. One that embroiders."], "broil": ["BROIL,n. A tumult; a noisy quarrel; contention; discord,either between individuals or in the state.", "BROIL, v.t. To agitate with heat; to dress or cook over coals, before the fire; but more generally upon a gridiron over coals.", "BROIL, v.i. To be subjected to the action of heat, like meat over the fire; to be greatly heated or to sweat with heat.", "Where have you been broiling?"], "broiled": ["BROIL'ED, pp. Agitated or dressed by heat."], "broiling": ["BROIL'ING, ppr. Agitating by heat; sweating."], "broken": ["BRO'KEN, pp. of break. bro'kn. Parted by violence; rent asunder; infirm; made bankrupt."], "brokenness": ["BRO'KENNESS, n. A state of being broken; unevenness.", "1. Contrition; as brokenness of heart."], "brood": ["BROOD, v.i.", "1. To sit on and cover, as a fowl on her eggs for the purpose of warming them and hatching chickens, or as a hen over her chickens, to warm and protect them.", "2. To sit on; to spread over, as with wings; as, to sit brooding over the vast abyss.", "3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous thought; to have the mind uninterruptedly dwell a long time on a subject; as, the miser broods over his gold.", "4. To mature any thing with care.", "BROOD, v.t. To sit over, cover and cherish; as, a hen broods her chickens.", "1. To cherish.", "You'll brood your sorrows on a throne.", "BROOD, n. Offspring; progeny; formerly used of human beings in elegant works, and we have brother, from this word; but it is now more generally used in contempt.", "1. A hatch; the young birds hatched at once; as a brood of chickens or of ducks.", "2. That which is bred; species generated; that which is produced.", "Lybia's broods of poison.", "3. The act of covering the eggs, or of brooding. Unusual."], "brooded": ["BROOD'ED, pp. Covered with the wings; cherished."], "brooding": ["BROOD'ING,ppr. Sitting on; covering and warming; dwelling on with anxiety."], "brook": ["BROOK, n. Gr. to rain, to pour, to flow. A small natural stream of water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain less than a river. In some parts of America, run is used in a like sense; but run is also applied to larger streams than brook.", "BROOK, v.t. Gr. to eat, to grind the teeth. Literally, to chew or digest, as the Fr. digerir. Hence,", "To bear; to endure; to support; as,young men cannot brook restraint."], "broth": ["BROTH, n. brauth.", "1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled and macerated,usually with rice and herbs, or some ingredient to give it a better relish.", "2. In America, the word is often applied to foaming water, and especially to a mixture of snow and water in the highways which is called snow-broth."], "brother": ["BROTHER, n. plu. brothers or brethren. L. frater.", "1. A human male born of the same father and mother. A male by one of the parents only is called a half-brother, or brother of the half blood.", "2. Any one closely united; an associate; as a band of brothers.", "3. One that resembles another in manners.", "He that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Proverbs 18.", "In scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote that a son of the same parents; as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. Persons of the same profession call each other brother, as judges, clergymen, professors of religion, members of societies united in a common cause, monks and the like.", "Kings give to each other the title of brother.address their congregations by the title of brethren. In a more general sense, brother or brethren is used for man in general; all men being children of the same primitive ancestors, and forming one race of beings.", "Brother-german is a brother by the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, or by the mother only."], "brotherhood": ["BROTH'ERHOOD, n. brother and hood. The state or quality of being a brother.", "1. An association of men for any purpose,as a society of monks; a fraternity.", "2. A class of men of the same kind, profession, or occupation."], "brotherly": ["BROTH'ERLY, a. Pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming brothers; kind; affectionate; as brotherly love.", "Shakespeare uses this word as an adverb. \"I speak but brotherly.\" But the use is not authorized."], "brought": ["BROUGHT, pret. and ppr. of bring; pronounced braut. See Bring."], "brow": ["BROW, n. L. palpebra.. It is probably contracted from brg,and signifies an edge,border or projection.", "1. The prominent ridge over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit. The skin of this arch or ridge is moved by muscles, which contract it in a frown and elevate it in joy or surprise. Hence, to know the brows, is to frown.", "2. The hair that covers the brow forming an arch, called the eye brow.", "3. The forehead. Hence, the general air of the countenance.", "4. The edge of a steep place, as the brink of a river or precipice; as the brow of a hill.", "5. A fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a field.", "BROW, v.t. To bound; to limit; to form the edge or border of."], "brown": ["BROWN, a. Dusky; of a dark or dusky color, inclining to redness; but the shades are various, as Spanish brown, London brown, clove brown, tawny brown. Brown results from a mixture of red, black and yellow.", "BROWN, v.t. To make brown or dusky.", "A trembling twilight o'er the welkin moves,", "Browns the dim void, and darkens deep the groves."], "brownness": ["BROWN'NESS, n. A brown color."], "bruise": ["BRUISE, v.t. s as z. To crush by beating or pounding with an instrument not edged or pointed. When applied to animal flesh or to vegetables, a bruise is a contusion that impairs the natural solidity and texture of the part, but often without breaking the skin. When applied to minerals and similar substances, it signifies to break them, and often to reduce them to a coarse powder.", "BRUISE, n. A contusion; a hurt upon the flesh of animals, upon plants or other bodies, with a blunt or heavy instrument."], "bruised": ["BRUISED, pp. Crushed; hurt or broken by a blunt or heavy instrument."], "bruising": ["BRUISING, ppr. Crushing; breaking or wounding by a blunt or heavy instrument.", "BRUISING, n. In popular language, a beating or boxing."], "bruit": ["BRUIT, n. Report; rumor; fame.", "BRUIT, v.t. To report; to noise abroad."], "brute": ["BRUTE, a. L. brutus, senseless,irrational.", "1. Senseless; unconscious; as the brute earth.", "2. Irrational; ferine; as a brute beast.", "3. Bestial; in common with beasts; as brute violence.", "4. Rough; uncivilized; insensible; as a brute philosopher.", "BRUTE, n. A beast; any animal destitute of reason, and of course the word comprehends all animals except man, but is applied mostly to the larger beasts.", "1. A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners; a low bred,unfeeling man.", "BRUTE, v.t. for bruit, to report. Not used."], "brutely": ["BRU'TELY, adv. In a rude manner."], "bruteness": ["BRU'TENESS, n. Brutality."], "brutish": ["BRU'TISH, a. Like a brute or beast; as a brutish form.", "1. Insensible; stupid; as brutish men.", "2. Unfeeling; savage; ferocious; brutal.", "3. Gross; carnal; bestial.", "4. Ignorant; uncivilized; untaught."], "brutishness": ["BRU'TISHNESS, n. Stupidity; insensibility; brutality; savageness; the qualities of a brute."], "bucket": ["BUCK'ET, n.", "1. The vessel in which water is drawn out of a well; it is nearly in the form of a pail.", "2. A vessel or pail used at sea to draw water up at the side of a ship, for washing the decks, &c.", "3. A vessel made of leather, nearly in the form of a pail, but narrower and deeper, used to convey water by hand for extinguishing fires."], "buckler": ["BUCK'LER, n. A kind of shield, or piece of defensive armor, anciently used in war. It was composed of wood, or wickers woven together, covered with skin or leather, fortified with plates of brass or other metal, and worn on the left arm. On the middle was an umbo, boss or prominence, very useful in causing stones and darts to glance off. The buckler often was four feet long, and covered the whole body.", "BUCK'LER, v.t. To support; to defend. Not used."], "bud": ["BUD, n. Gr. to plant or beget. A gem; the shoot of a plant; a small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves or a flower. It is called by botanists the hybernacle, the winter lodge or receptacle of the leaves or flowers of plants, and is an epitome of a flower, or of a shoot, which is to be unfolded the succeeding summer. It is covered with scales, which are intended to defend the inclosed rudiments from cold and other external injuries.are of three kinds; that containing the flower; that containing the leaves; and that containing both flower and leaves.", "BUD, v.i. To put forth or produce buds or gems. Job.19.9.", "1. To put forth shoots; to grow as a bud into a flower or shoot.", "2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn.", "3. To be in bloom, or growing like a young plant.", "BUD, v.t. To inoculate a plant; to insert the bud of a plant under the bark of another tree, for the purpose of raising, upon any stock, a species of fruit different from that of the stock."], "budded": ["BUD'DED, pp. Put forth in buds; inoculated."], "budding": ["BUD'DING, ppr. Putting forth buds; inoculating."], "buffet": ["BUFF'ET, n. A cupboard, or set of shelves, for plates, glass, china and other like furniture. It was formerly and is still in some parts of the country, an apartment erected on one side of a room; but in more fashionable houses,it has been laid aside, and a side board substituted, which is now considered as the buffet. But as far as my knowledge extends, the name has become, in a great measure, obsolete, except among the common people,by whom it is pronounced bofat.", "BUFF'ET, n. A blow with the fist; a box on the ear or face; a slap.", "BUFF'ET, v.t. To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat.", "They spit in his face and buffetted him. Math.26.", "1. To beat in contention; to contend against; as, to buffet the billows.", "BUFF'ET, v.i. To exercise or play at boxing."], "buffeted": ["BUFF'ETED, pp. Struck; beaten. l Cor.4.11. l Pet.2.20."], "buffeter": ["BUFF'ETER, n. One who buffets; a boxer."], "buffeting": ["BUFF'ETING, ppr. Striking with the hand; boxing; contending against.", "BUFF'ETING, n. A striking with the hand.", "1. Contention; attack; opposition.", "He seems to have been a plant of slow growth,but formed for duration, and fitted to endure the buffetings of the rudest storm."], "builder": ["BUILD'ER, n. bild'er. One who builds; one whose occupation is to build; an architect, a ship-wright,a mason, &c.", "1. A creator.", "Whose builder and maker is God. Heb.11."], "building": ["BUILD'ING, ppr. bild'ing. Framing and erecting; resting on.", "BUILD'ING, n. bild'ing. A fabric or edifice constructed for use or convenience, as a house,a church, a shop, &c."], "built": ["BUILT, pp. bilt. Framed and raised; constructed.", "BUILT, n. bilt. Form; shape; general figure of a structure; as the built of a ship.", "1. Species of building."], "bul": ["BUL,n. The common flounder."], "bull": ["BULL, n.", "1. The male of the Bos, or bovine genus of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female.", "2. In a scriptural sense, an enemy,powerful, fierce and violent.", "Many bulls have compassed me. Psalms.", "3. Taurus, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.", "BULL, n. L. bulla, a boss, and an ornament worn on a child's neck. This name was given to the seal which was appended to the edicts and briefs of the Pope,and in process of time, applied to the edict itself.", "1. A letter, edict or rescript of the Pope, published or transmitted to the churches over which he is head, containing some decree, order or decision. It is used chiefly in matters of justice or of grace. If the former, the lead or seal is hung by a hempen cord; if the latter,by a silken thread. The lead or bull is impressed on one side with the heads of St. Peter and St. Paul; on the other with the name of the Pope and the year of his pontificate. The writing is in the old, round Gothic letter; and the instrument has about it a cross with some text of scripture, or religious motto.", "The Golden Bull, so called from its golden seal, is an edict or imperial constitution, made by the Emperor Charles V., containing the fundamental law of the German Empire.", "Leaden Bulls were sent by the Emperors of Constantinople to patriarchs and princes; and by the grandees of the Empire of France, Sicily, &c., and by patriarchs and bishops.", "Waxen bulls were in frequent use with the Greek Emperors, who thus sealed letters to their relations.", "1. A blunder or contradiction.", "BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large head."], "bullock": ["BULL'OCK, n. An ox, or castrated bull. In America,it is applied to a full grown ox."], "bulrush": ["BUL'RUSH, n. bole, or boll, and rush. A large kind of rush, growing in wet land or water, and without knots, says Johnson, but Dryden calls it, the knotty bulrush. It is not a technical word."], "bulwark": ["BUL'WARK, n.", "1. In fortification, a bastion, or a rampart; a mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting cannon shot, and formed with bastions, curtains, &c.", "2. A fortification; also, any means of defense; as, a navy is the bulwark of a nation.", "3. That which secures against an enemy or external annoyance; a screen or shelter; means of protection and safety.", "Salvation will God appoint for walls and bulwarks. Is.26.", "BUL'WARK, v.t. To fortify with a rampart; to secure by a fortification; to protect."], "bunch": ["BUNCH, n.", "1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; as the bunch on a camel's back.", "2. A cluster; a number of the same kind growing together; as a bunch of grapes.", "3. A number of things tied together; as a bunch of keys; a bunch or rods.", "4. A collection of things; a knot; as a bunch of hair; a bunch of trees.", "BUNCH, v.i. To swell out in a protuberance; to be protuberant or round.", "BUNCH, v.t. To form or tie in a bunch or bunches."], "bundle": ["BUN'DLE, n.", "1. A number of things put together.", "2. A roll; any thing bound or rolled into a convenient form for conveyance; as a bundle of lace; a bundle of hay."], "burden": ["BURD'EN, n. burd'n; written also burthen. L. fero,or porto.", "1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Hence,", "2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome or oppressive.", "3. A birth.", "4. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each verse; the chorus; so called from the application of this word to the drone or base, and the pipe or string which plays it, in an instrument. A chord which is to be divided, to perform the intervals of music,when open and undivided, is also called the burden.", "5. In common language, that which is often repeated; a subject on which one dwells.", "6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds.", "7. The contents of a ship; the quantity or number of tons, a vessel will carry; as a ship of a hundred tons burden.", "8. A club. Not in use.", "BURD'EN, v.t. burd'n. To load; to lay on a heavy load; to incumber with weight. Hence,", "1. To oppress with any thing grievous; as, to burden a nation with taxes.", "2. To surcharge; as, to burden the memory."], "burdened": ["BURD'ENED, pp. Loaded with weight; incumbered; oppressed."], "burdener": ["BURD'ENER, n. One who loads; an oppressor"], "burdenous": ["BURD'ENOUS, a. Grievous; heavy to be borne; oppressive.", "1. Cumbersome; useless."], "burdensome": ["BURD'ENSOME, a. Heavy; grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive."], "burdensomeness": ["BURD'ENSOMENESS, n. The quality of being burdensome; heaviness; oppressiveness."], "burial": ["BURIAl, n. ber'rial. See Bury. The act of burying a deceased person; sepulture; interment; the act of depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water.", "1. The act of placing any thing under earth or water; as, to bury see in the earth.", "2. The church service for funerals."], "burier": ["BURIER, n. ber'rier. One who buries a deceased person."], "burn": ["BURN, v.t. pret. and pp. burned or burnt. L. pruna, and perhaps, furnus, fornaz, a furnace. The primary sense is, to rage, to act with violent excitement.", "1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; frequently with up; as, to burn up wood.", "2. To expel the volatile parts and reduce to charcoal by fire; as, to burn wood into coal. Hence, in popular language, to burn a kiln of wood, is to char the wood.", "3. To cleanse of soot by burning; to inflame; as, to burn a chimney; an extensive use of the word.", "4. To harden in the fire; to bake or harden by heat; as, to burn bricks or a brick kiln.", "5. To scorch; to affect by heat; as, to burn the clothes or the legs by the fire; to burn meat or bread in cookery.", "6. To injure by fire; to affect the flesh by heat.", "7. To dry up or dissipate; with up; as, to burn up tears.", "8. To dry excessively; to cause to wither by heat; as,the sun burns the grass or plants.", "9. To heat or inflame; to affect with excessive stimulus; as, ardent spirits burn the stomach.", "10. To affect with heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable taste. Hence the phrase burnt to.", "11. To calcine with heat or fire; to expel the volatile matter from substances, so that they are easily pulverized; as, to burn oyster shells, or lime-stone.", "12. To affect with excess of heat; as, the fever burns a patient.", "13. To subject to the action of fire; to heat or dry; as, to burn colors.", "To burn up, to consume entirely by fire.", "To burn out, to burn till the fuel is all consumed.", "BURN, v.i. To be on fire; to flame; as, the mount burned with fire.", "1. To shine; to sparkle.", "O prince! O wherefore burn your eyes?", "2. To be inflamed with passion or desire; as, to burn with anger or love.", "3. To act with destructive violence, as fire.", "Shall thy wrath burn like fire?", "4. To be in commotion; to rage with destructive violence.", "The groan still deepens and the combat burns.", "5. To be heated; to be in a glow; as, the face burns.", "6. To be affected with a sensation of heat, pain or acidity; as, the heart burns.", "7. To feel excess of heat; as, the flesh burns by a fire; a patient burns with a fever.", "To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted and the fire ceases.", "BURN, n. A hurt or injury of the flesh caused by the action of fire.", "1. The operation of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn."], "burned": ["BURN'ED, BURNT, pp. Consumed with fire; scorched or dried with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire."], "burning": ["BURN'ING, ppr. Consuming with fire; flaming; scorching; hardening by fire; calcining; charring; raging as fire; glowing.", "BURN'ING, n. Combustion; the act of expelling volatile matter and reducing to ashes, or to a calx; a fire; inflammation; the heat or raging of passion. In surgery, actual cautery; cauterization.", "BURN'ING, a. Powerful; vehement; as a burning shame; a burning scent.", "1. Much heated; very hot; scorching.", "The burning plains of India."], "burnish": ["BURN'ISH, v.t. To polish by friction; to make smooth, bright and glossy; as, to burnish steel.", "BURN'ISH, v.i. To grow bright or glossy.", "BURN'ISH, n. Gloss; brightness; luster."], "burnished": ["BURN'ISHED, pp. Polished; made glossy."], "burnisher": ["BURN'ISHER, n. The person who polishes,or makes glossy.", "1. An instrument used in polishing, of different kinds. It may be a piece of round polished steel, a dog's or wolf's tooth, a piece of copper, agate or pebble. &c. It is used for giving a gloss or smoothness to metals, to the edges of books, &c."], "burnishing": ["BURN'ISHING, ppr. Polishing; making smooth and glossy."], "burnt": ["BURNT, pp. of burn. Consumed; scorched; heated; subjected to the action of fire."], "burst": ["BURST, v.i. pret. and pp. burst. The old participle bursten is nearly obsolete.", "1. To fly or break open with force, or with sudden violence; to suffer a violent disruption. The peculiar force of this word is, in expressing a sudden rupture, with violence, or expansion, or both. Hence it is generally used to signify the sudden rupture of a thing by internal force,and a liberation from confinement; as, to burst from a prison; the heart bursts with grief.", "2. To break away; to spring from; as, to burst from the arms.", "3. To come or fall upon suddenly or with violence; to rush upon unexpectedly; as, a sound bursts upon our ears.", "4. To issue suddenly, or to come from a hidden or retired place into more open view; as, a river bursts from a valley; a spring bursts from the earth.", "5. To break forth into action suddenly; as, to burst into tears.", "6. To break or rush in with violence; as, to burst into a house or a room.", "It is often followed by an intensive particle; as, out, forth, away, from, or asunder.", "BURST, v.t. To break or rend by force or violence; to open suddenly; as, to burst a chain or a door; to burst a cannon.", "BURST, n. A sudden disruption; a violent rending; more appropriately, a sudden explosion or shooting forth; as a burst of thunder; a burst of applause, a burst of passion.", "1. A rupture, a hernia, or the unnatural protrusion of the contents of the abdomen.", "BURST, or BURST'EN, pp. or a. Affected with a rupture or hernia.", "BURST, pp. Opened or rent asunder by violence."], "bursting": ["BURST'ING, ppr. Rending or parting by violence; exploding."], "bury": ["BURY, n. ber'ry. This word is a different orthography of burg, burh, borough. It signifies a house, habitation or castle, and is retained in many names of places, as in Shrewsbury, Danbury, Aldermanbury. The word is used by Grew, for burrow.", "BURY, v.t. ber'ry.", "1. To deposit a deceased person in the grave; to inter a corpse; to entomb.", "2. To cover with earth, as seed sown.", "3. To hide; to conceal; to overwhelm; to cover with any thing; as, to bury any one in the ruins of a city.", "4. To withdraw or conceal in retirement; as, to bury one's self in a monastery or in solitude.", "5. To commit to the water; to deposit in the ocean; as dead bodies buried in the deep.", "6. To place one thing within another.", "Thy name so buried in her.", "7. To forget and forgive; to hide in oblivion; as, to bury an injury.", "To bury the hatchet, in the striking metaphorical language of American Indians, is to lay aside the instruments of war, forget injuries, and make peace."], "burying": ["BURYING, ppr. Interring; hiding; covering with earth; overwhelming.", "BURYING, n. The act of interring the dead; sepulture. John.12.7."], "bush": ["BUSH, n. L. pasco, originally, to feed on sprouts.", "1. A shrub with branches; a thick shrub; also, a cluster of shrubs. With hunters, a fox tail.", "2. An assemblage of branches interwoven.", "3. A branch of a tree fixed or hung out as a tavern sign. Hence, since the branch has been discontinued, a coronated frame of wood hung out as a tavern sign, is so called. Hence the English proverb, \"Good wine needs no bush.\"", "I know not that this word is thus used in the U. States.", "4. A circle of metal let into the sheaves of such blocks as have iron pins, to prevent their wearing.", "This word when applied to sheaves is called bush, but when applied to the circular iron of a cart wheel is, in America, called a box.", "BUSH, v.i. To grow thick or bushy.", "BUSH, v.t. To furnish a block with a bush."], "bushel": ["BUSH'EL, n. A dry measure, containing eight gallons, or four pecks. The standard English bushel,by Stat.12 . Henry VII., contains eight gallons of wheat, each gallon eight pounds of wheat, troy weight, the pound, twelve ounces troy, the ounce, twenty sterlings, and the sterling,thirty two grains of wheat growing in the middle of the ear. The contents are 2145.6 solid inches, equivalent to 1131 ounces and 14 pennyweights troy.", "The English bushel is used also in the U. States.", "Bushel signifies both the quantity or capacity, and the vessel which will contain the quantity.", "1. In popular language, a large quantity indefinitely.", "2. The circle of iron in the nave of a wheel; in America, called a box. See Bush."], "bushiness": ["BUSH'INESS, n. from bush, bushy. The quality of being bushy, thick or intermixed, like the branches of a bush."], "bushy": ["BUSH'Y, a. from bush. Full of branches; thick and spreading, like a bush; as a bushy beard or brier.", "1. Full of bushes; overgrown with shrubs."], "busied": ["BUSIED, pp. of busy; pron. biz'zied."], "business": ["BUSINESS, n. biz'ness. See Busy. Employment; that which occupies the time, attention and labor of men, for the purpose of profit or improvement--a word of extensive use and indefinite signification. Business is a particular occupation, as agriculture, trade, mechanic art, or profession, and when used of a particular employment, the word admits of the plural number, businesses. Business is also any temporary employment.", "1. Affairs; concerns; as, a man leaves his business in an unsettled state.", "2. The subject of employment; that which engages the care and attention.", "You are so much the business of our souls.", "3. Serious engagement; important occupation,in distinction from trivial affairs.", "It should be the main business of life to serve God, and obey his commands.", "4. Concern; right of action or interposing.", "\"What business has a man with the disputes of others?\"", "5. A point; a matter of question; something to be examined or considered.", "Fitness to govern is a perplexed business.", "6. Something to be done; employment of importance to one's interest, opposed to amusement; as, we have no business in town.", "They were far from the Zidonians and had no business with any one.", "7. Duty, or employment that duty enjoins. A lawyer's business is to do justice to his clients.", "To do the business for a man, is to kill, destroy or ruin him."], "busy": ["BUSY, a. biz'zy.", "1. Employed with constant attention; engaged about something that renders interruption inconvenient; as, a man is busy in posting his books.", "My mistress is busy and cannot come.", "2. Actively employed; occupied without cessation; constantly in motion; as a busy bee.", "3. Active in that which does not concern the person; meddling with or prying into the affairs of others; officious; importunate;hence, troublesome; vexatious.", "4. Much occupied with employment; as a busy day.", "BUSY, v.t. biz'zy. To employ with constant attention; to keep engaged; to make or keep busy; as, to busy one's self with books.", "To be busied with genue and species."], "but": ["BUT, part. for butan.", "1. Except; besides;unless.", "Who can it be, but perjured Lycon?", "That is, removed, separated, excepted.", "Lycon being separated, or excepted, who can it be?", "And but infirmity,", "Which waits upon worn times, hath something seized", "His wish'd ability, he had himself", "The lands and waters measured.", "That is, except,unless, separate this fact, that infirmity had seized his ability,he had measured the lands and waters.", "In this use but, butan, is a participle equivalent to excepting, and may be referred to the person speaking, or more naturally, it is equivalent to excepted,and with the following words, or clause,forming the case absolute.", "Who can it be,Lycon being excepted?", "And but my noble Moor is true of mind, it were enough to put him to ill thinking.", "It cannot be but nature hath some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways.", "There is no question but the King of Spain will reform most of the abuses.", "It is not impossible but I may alter the complexion of my play.", "In the last three examples, that is omitted after but.", "It is not impossible but that I may alter the complexion of my play.", "In these and all similar phrases,but denotes separation, exception.", "2. Only.", "A formidable man, but to his friends.", "There is but one man present.use of but is a modern innovation; but perhaps too firmly established to be corrected. In all such phrases, a negative, not, nothing, or other word,is omitted. He is not a formidable man, but to his enemies, that is, except. There is not but one man present, that is, there is not except or besides one present. So also, \"Our light affliction is but for a moment.\" 2 Cor. 4. Our affliction is not, except for a moment.", "If they kill us, we shall but die. 2 Kings.7.", "The common people in America retain the original and correct phrase,usually employing a negative. They do not say, I have but one. On the other hand, they say, I have not but one, that is, I have not except one; except one, and I have none. This word but for butan is not a conjunction, nor has it the least affinity to that part of speech.", "BUT, cong. Eng.over.", "More; further; noting an addition to supply what is wanting to elucidate, or modify the sense of the preceding part of a sentence, or of a discourse, or to continue the discourse, or to exhibit a contrast.", "Now abide faith, hope, charity, these three;", "but, the greatest of these is charity. 1 Cor.13.", "When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the", "lowly is wisdom. Prov. 11.", "Our wants are many and grievous; but quite of another", "kind.", "The house of representatives were well agreed in passing the bill; but the senate dissented.", "This word is in fact a noun equivalent to addition or supply; but in grammatical construction, no inconvenience results from considering it to be a connective.", "BUT, n. L. peto.", "1. An end; a limit; a bound. It is used particularly for the larger end of a thing, as of a piece of timber, or of a fallen tree; that which grows nearest the earth. It is not often applied to the bound or limit of land; yet butted,for bounded, is often used.", "2. The end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom, which unites with another; generally written butt.", "BUT, v.i. To be bounded by; to lie contiguous to; a word used in America. See Abut."], "butler": ["BUT'LER, n. A servant or officer in the houses of princes and great men, whose principal business is to take charge of the liquors,place, &c. Formerly, an officer in the court of France, being the same as the grand echanson or great cup-bearer of the present times."], "butlership": ["BUT'LERSHIP, n. The office of a butler. Gen.40.21."], "butter": ["BUT'TER, n. L. butyrum. An oily substance obtained from cream or milk by churning. Agitation separates the fat or oily part of milk from the thin or serous part, called butter-milk.", "Butter, in the old chimistry, was applied to various preparations; as,", "Butter of antimony, now called the sublimated muriate of antimony, and made by distilling a mixture of corrosive sublimate and the regulus.", "Butter of arsenic, sublimated muriate of arsenic, made by a like process.", "Butter of bismuth, sublimated muriate of bismuth.", "Butter of tin, sublimated muriate of tin.", "Butter of zink, sublimated muriate of zink.", "Butter of cacao, is an oily concrete white matter obtained from the cacao nut, made by bruising the nut and boiling it in water.", "Butter of wax, the oleaginous part of wax, obtained by distillation, and of a butyraceous consistence.", "BUT'TER, v.t. To smear with butter.", "1. To increase the stakes at every throw or every game; a cant term among gamesters."], "buttock": ["BUT'TOCK, n. The rump,or the protuberant part behind.", "1. The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern."], "buy": ["BUY, v.t. pret. and pp. bought. pron. bawt.", "1. To acquire the property, right or title to any thing, by paying a consideration or an equivalent in money. It differs from barter only in this, that in barter the consideration or equivalent is some species of commodity; in purchase,the consideration is money paid or promised. To purchase; to acquire by paying a price to the satisfaction of the seller; opposed to sell.", "2. To procure by a consideration given, or by something that is deemed worth the thing bought; to procure at a price; as, to buy pleasure with praise; to buy favor with flattery.", "3. To bribe; to corrupt or pervert the judgment, by paying a consideration.", "To buy off, to influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration, as to buy off conscience; to detach by a consideration given, as to buy off one from a party.", "To buy out, to buy off, or detach from.", "1. To purchase the share or shares of a person in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company,and the purchaser takes his place, as, A buys out B. To purchase stock in any fund or partnership, is to buy in.", "To buy on credit, is to purchase a thing, on a promise in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day.", "To buy the refusal, is to give money for the right of purchasing at a fixed price at a future time.", "To buy the small pox, in South Wales, is to receive it by inoculation.", "In popular language, to buy is to pay dear for, as in Chaucer.", "BUY, v.i. To negotiate, or treat about a purchase.", "I will buy with you and sell with you."], "buying": ["BUYING, ppr. Purchasing."], "buyer": ["BUYER, n. One who buys; a purchaser."], "by": ["BY, prep.", "1. Near; close; as, sit by me; that house stands by a river.", "L. pressus.", "2. Near, in motion; as, to move, go or pass by a church. But it seems, in other phrases,or with a verb in the past time, to signify past, gone beyond. \"The procession is gone by;\" \"the hour is gone by;\" \"John went by.\" We now use past as an equivalent word. The procession is gone past. Gone by is in strictness tautology, as now used; but I apprehend by signifies primarily near.", "3. Through, or with, denoting the agent, means, instrument or cause; as, \"a city is destroyed by fire;\" \"profit is made by commerce;\" \"to take by force.\" This use answers to that of the Latin per, through, denoting a passing, acting, agency, or instrumentality.", "4. \"Day by day;\" \"year by year;\" \"article by article.\" In these phrases, by denotes passing from one to another, or each particular separately taken.", "5. \"By the space of seven years.\" In this phrase, by denotes through, passing or continuing, during.", "6. \"By this time, the sun had risen.\" The word here seems to denote, at, present or come to.", "7. According to; as, \"this appears by his own account;\" \"these are good rules to live by.\"", "8. On; as, \"to pass by land or water;\" \"great battles by sea and land.\" In the latter phrase, at or on might be substituted for by.", "9. It is placed before words denoting quantity, measure or proportion; as, to sell by the pound; to work by the rod or perch; this line is longer by a tenth.", "10. It is used to represent the means or instrument of swearing, or affirming; as, to swear by heaven, or by earth; to affirm by all that is sacred.", "11. In the phrase, \"he has a cask of wine by him,\" by denotes nearness or presence.", "12. \"To sit by one's self,\" is to sit alone, or without company.", "13. \"To be present by attorney.\" In this phrase, by denotes means or instrument; through or in the presence of a substitute.", "14. In the phrase, \"North by West,\" the sense seems to be north passing to the west, inclining or going westward, or near west.", "As an adverb, by denotes also nearness, or presence; as, there was no person by, at the time. But some noun is understood. So in the phrase, \"to pass or go by,\" there is a noun understood.", "By and by is a phrase denoting nearness in time; in a short time after; presently; soon.", "When persecution ariseth, because of the word, by and by, he is offended. Math.13.", "By the by signifies, as we proceed or pass.", "To stand by, is to stand near, or to support.", "By in lullaby, and in the nursery, a word used in lulling infants to sleep, is evidently allied to words found in many languages, signifying to rest, or be quiet, or to appease; that is, to press, to stop. L.paco.", "By or bye, in by-law.", "In the common phrase, good-bye, bye signifies passing, going. The phrase signifies, a good going, a prosperous passage, and it is precisely equivalent to farewell.", "By is used in many compound words, in most of which we observe the sense of nearness, closeness, or a withdrawing or seclusion."], "cab": ["CAB, n. An oriental dry measure, being the sixth part of a seah or satum, and the eighteenth of an ephah; containing two pints and five sixths English and American corn measure."], "cabin": ["CABIN, n.", "1. A small room; an inclosed place.", "2. A cottage; a hut, or small house.", "3. A tent; a shed; any covered place for a temporary residence.", "4. An apartment in a ship for officers and passengers. In large ships there are several cabins, the principal of which is occupied by the commander. In small vessels, there is one cabin in the stern for the accommodation of the officers and passengers. The bed-places in ships are also called cabins.", "CABIN, v.i. To live in a cabin; to lodge.", "CABIN, v.t. To confine in a cabin."], "cabined": ["CABINED, pp. Inclosed; covered."], "cage": ["CAGE, v.t. To confine in a cage; to shut up, or confine."], "cake": ["CAKE, n.", "1. A small mass of dough baked; or a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, baked in a small mass. The name is applied to various compositions, baked or cooked in different shapes.", "2. Something in the form of a cake, rather flat than high, but roundish; as a cake on a tree.", "3. A mass of matter concreted; as a cake of ice.", "In New England, a piece of floating ice in a river or lake.", "4. A hard swelling on the flesh; or rather a concretion without such swelling.", "CAKE, v.t. To form into a cake or mass.", "CAKE, v.i. To concrete, or form into a had mass, as dough in an oven, or as flesh or any other substance.", "CAKE, v.i. To cackle."], "calamity": ["CALAMITY, n. Any great misfortune, or cause of misery; generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evils, as loss of crops, earthquakes, conflagrations, defeat of armies, and the like. But it is applied also to the misfortunes which bring great distress upon individuals.", "The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise."], "calamus": ["CALAMUS, n.", "1. The generic name of the Indian cane, called also rotang. It is without branches, has a crown at the top, and is beset with spines.", "2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk.", "3. A rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parchment or papyrus.", "4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. It is a knotty root, reddish without and white within, and filled with a spungy substance. It has an aromatic smell.", "5. The sweet flag, called by Linne Acorus."], "caldron": ["CALDRON, n. A large kettle or boiler, of copper, or other metal, furnished with a movable handle or bail, with which to hang it on a chimney hook."], "calf": ["CALF, n.", "1. The young of the cow, or of the bovine genus of quadrupeds.", "2. In contempt, a dolt; an ignorant, stupid person; a weak or cowardly man.", "3. The thick fleshy part of the leg behind; so called from its protuberance.", "4. The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify the pure offerings of prayer, praise and thanks-giving."], "calker": ["CALKER, n. Cauker. A man who calks; sometimes perhaps a calk or pointed iron on a house-shoe."], "call": ["CALL, v.t. Heb. To hold or restrain. In a general sense, to drive; to strain or force out sound. Hence,", "1. To name; to denominate or give a name. And God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Gen. 1.", "2. To convoke; to summon; to direct or order to meet; to assemble by order or public notice; often with together; as, the king called his council together; the president called together the congress.", "3. To request to meet or come.", "He sent his servants to call them that were bidden. Math. 22.", "4. To invite.", "Because I have called and ye refused. Prov. 1.", "5. To invite or summon to come or be present; to invite, or collect.", "Call all your senses to you.", "6. To give notice to come by authority; to command to come; as, call a servant.", "7. To proclaim; to name, or publish the name.", "Nor parish clerk, who calls the psalm so clear.", "8. To appoint or designate, as for an office, duty or employment.", "See, I have called by name Bezaleel. Ex. 31.", "Paul called to be an apostle. Rom. 1.", "9. To invite; to warn; to exhort. Is. 22:12.", "10. To invite or draw into union with Christ; to bring to know, believe and obey the gospel. Rev. 8:28", "11. To own and acknowledge. Heb. 2:11.", "12. To invoke or appeal to.", "I call God for a record. 2 Cor. 1.", "13. To esteem or account. Is. 47:5. Mat. 3:15.", "To call down, to invite, or to bring down.", "To call back, to revoke, or retract; to recall; to summon or bring back.", "To call for, to demand, require or claim, as a crime calls for punishment; or to cause to grow. Ezek. 36. Also, to speak for; to ask; to request; as, to call for a dinner.", "To call in, to collect, as to call in debts or money; or to draw from circulation, as to call in clipped coin; or to summon together; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors or friends.", "To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind.", "To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment.", "To call up, to bring into view or recollection; as, to call u the image of a deceased friend; also, to bring into action, or discussion; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.", "To call over, to read a list, name by name; to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names.", "To call out, to summon to fight; to challenge; also, to summon into service; as, to call out the militia.", "To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory.", "CALL, v.i.", "1. To utter a loud sound, or to address by name; to utter the name; sometimes with to.", "The angel of God called to Hagar. Gen. 21.", "2. To stop, without intention of staying; to make a short stop; as, to call at the inn. This use Johnson supposes to have originated in the custom of denoting ones presence at the door by a call. It is common, in this phrase, to use at, as to call at the inn; or on, as to call on a friend. This application seems to be equivalent to speak, D. Kallen. Let us speak at this place.", "To call on, to make a short visit to; also, to solicit payment, or make a demand of a debt. In a theological sense, to pray to or worship; as, to call on the name of the Lord. Gen. 4. To repeat solemnly.", "To call out, to utter a loud voice; to bawl; a popular use of the phrase.", "CALL, n.", "1. A vocal address, of summons or invitation; as, he will not come at a call.", "2. Demand; requisition; public claim; as, listen to the calls of justice or humanity.", "3. Divine vocation, or summons; as the call of Abraham.", "4. Invitation; request of a public body or society; as, a clergyman has a call to settle in the ministry.", "5. A summons from heaven; impulse.", "St. Paul believed he had a call, when he persecuted the Christians.", "6. Authority; command.", "7. A short visit; as, to make a call; to give one a call that is, a speaking to; D. Kallen. To give one a call, is to stop a moment and speak or say a word; or to have a short conversation with.", "8. Vocation; employment. In this sense calling is generally used.", "9. A naming; a nomination.", "10. Among hunters, a lesson blown on the horn, to comfort the hounds.", "11. Among seamen, a whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to their duty.", "12. The English name of the mineral called by the Germans tungsten or wolfram.", "13. Among fowlers, the noise or cry of a fowl, or a pipe to call birds by imitating their voice.", "14. In legislative bodies, the call of the house, is a calling over the names of the members, to discover who is absent or for other purpose; a calling of names with a view to obtain answers from the person named."], "called": ["CALLED, pp. Invited; summoned; addressed; named; appointed; invoked; assembled by order; recited."], "calling": ["CALLING, n.", "1. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtain an answer, as in legislative bodies.", "2. Vocation; profession; trade; usual occupation, or employment.", "Pope. Swift. 1 Cor. 7:20", "3. Class of persons engaged in any profession or employment.", "4. Divine summons, vocation, or invitation.", "Give all diligence to make your calling and election sure. 2 Pet. 1."], "calm": ["CALM, a.", "1. Still; quiet; being at rest; as the air. Hence not stormy or tempestuous; as a calm day.", "2. Undisturbed; not agitated; as a calm sea.", "3. Undisturbed by passion; not agitated or excited; quiet; tranquil; as the mind, temper, or attention.", "CALM, n. Stillness; tranquillity; quiet; freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; applied to the elements, or the mind and passions.", "CALM, v.t. To still; to quiet; as the wind, or elements; to still, appease, allay or pacify, as the mind, or passions."], "calming": ["CALMING, ppr. Stilling; appeasing."], "calmness": ["CALMNESS, n.", "1. Quietness; stillness; tranquillity; applied to the elements.", "2. Quietness; mildness; unruffled state; applied to the mind, passions or temper."], "calvary": ["CALVARY, n.", "1. A place of skulls; particularly, the place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill west of Jerusalem. In catholic countries, a kind of chapel raised on a hillock near a city, as a place of devotion, in memory of the place where our Savior suffered.", "2. In heraldry, a cross so called, set upon steps, resembling the cross on which our Savior was crucified."], "calve": ["CALVE, v.i.", "1. To bring forth young, as a cow.", "2. In a metaphorical sense, and sometimes by way of reproach, as when applied to the human race, to bring forth; to produce."], "came": ["CAME, pret. of come, which see.", "CAME, n. A slender rod of cast lead, of which glaziers make their turned lead."], "camel": ["CAMEL, n.", "1. A large quadruped used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. As genus, the camel belongs to the order of Pecora. The characteristics are; it has no horns; it has six fore teeth in the under jaw; the canine teeth are wide set, three in the upper and two in the lower jaw; and there is a fissure in the upper lip. The dromedary of Arabian camel, has one bunch on the back, four callous protuberances on the fore legs and two on the hind legs. The Bactrian camel has two bunches on the back. The Llama of South America is a smaller animal, with a smooth back, small head, fine black eyes, and very long neck. The Pacos or sheep of Chili his no bunch. Camels constitute the riches of an Arabian, without which he could neither subsist, carry on trade nor travel over sandy desarts. Their milk is his common food. By the camels power of sustaining abstinence rom drink, for many days, and of subsisting on a few coarse shrubs, he is peculiarly fitted for the parched and barren lands of Asia and Africa.", "2. In Holland, Camel, or Kameel, as Coxe writes it, is a machine for lifting ships, and bearing them over the Pampus, at the mouth of the river Y, or over other bars. It is also used in other places, and particularly at the dock in Petersburg, to bear vessels over a bar to Cronstadt."], "camp": ["CAMP, n.", "1. The ground on which an army pitch their tents, whether for a night or a longer time.", "2. The order or arrangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for rest; as, to pitch a camp. Also, the troops encamped on the same field.", "3. An army.", "CAMP, v.t. or I. To rest or lodge, as an army, usually in tents; to pitch a camp; to fix tents; but seldom used. See Encamp."], "camping": ["CAMPING, ppr. Encamping.", "CAMPING, n. A playing at football."], "can": ["CAN, n. A cup or vessel for liquors, in modern times made of metal; as a can of ale.", "CAN, v.i. pret. could, which is from another root. See Could.", "1. To be able; to have sufficient strength or physical power. One man can lift a weight which another can not. A horse can run a certain distance in a given time.", "2. To have means, or instruments, which supply power or ability. A man can build a house, or fit out a ship, if he has the requisite property. A nation cannot prosecute a war, without money or credit. I will lend you a thousand dollars, if I can.", "3. To be possible.", "Nicodemus said, How can these thing be? John 3.", "4. To have adequate moral power. A man can indulge in pleasure, or he can refrain. He can restrain his appetites, if he will.", "5. To have just or legal competent power, that is, right; to be free from any restraint of moral, civil or political obligation, or from any positive prohibition. We can use a highway for travel, for this is permitted by law. A man can or cannot hold an office. The Jews could not eat certain kinds of animals which were declared to be unclean. The House of Commons in England can impeach, but the House of Lords only can try impeachments. In general, we can do whatever neither the laws of God nor of man forbid.", "How can I do this great wickedness and sin against God. Gen. 34.", "I cannot go beyond the word of the Lord, my God, to do less or more. Numb. 22.", "6. To have natural strength, or capacity; to be susceptible of; to be able or free to undergo any change, or produce any effect, by the laws and constitution of nature, or by divine appointment. Silver can be melted, but cannot be changed into gold.", "Can the rush grow without mire? Job 8.", "Can the fig tree bear olive berries? James 3.", "Can faith save him? James 2.", "7. To have competent strength, ability, fortitude, patience, &c., in a passive sense. He cannot bear reproof. I cannot endure this impertinence.", "This is a hard saying; who can hear it? John 6.", "8. To have the requisite knowledge, experience or skill. Young men are not admitted members of college, till they can translate Latin and Greek. An astronomer can calculate an eclipse, though he can not make a coat.", "9. To have strength of inclination or motives sufficient to overcome obstacles, impediments, inconvenience or other objection.", "I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come. Luke 9.", "I cannot rise and give thee - yet because of him importunity, he will rise and give him. Luke 9.", "10. To have sufficient capacity; as, a vessel can not hold or contain the whole quantity.", "CAN, v.t. To know."], "candle": ["CANDLE, n.", "1. A long, but small cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on a wick composed of linen or cotton threads, twisted loosely; used for a portable light of domestic use.", "2. A light.", "3. A light; a luminary. In scripture, the candle of the Lord is the divine favor and blessing, Job 14. 3.; or the conscience or understanding. Prov. 20:27.", "Excommunication by inch of candle, is when the offender is allowed time to repent, while a candle burns, and is then excommunicated.", "Sale by inch of candle, is an auction in which persons are allowed to bid, only till a small piece of candle burns out.", "Medicated candle, in medicine, a bougie.", "Rush-candles are used in some countries; they are made of the pith of certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease."], "cane": ["CANE, n.", "1. In botany, this term is applied to several species of plants belonging to several species of plants belonging to different genera, such as Arundo, Calamus, Saccharum, &c. Among these is the bamboo of the East Indies, with a strong stem, which serves for pipes, poles, and walking sticks. The sugar cane, a native of Asia, Africa and America, furnishes the juice from which are made, sugar, melasses and spirit. See Sugar Cane.", "2. A walking stick.", "3. A long measure, in several countries of Europe; at Naples, the length is 7 feet 3 inches; in Thoulouse in France, 5 feet 8 inches; in Provence, &c., 6 feet 5 inches.", "CANE, v.t. To beat with a cane or walking stick."], "caning": ["CANING, n. A beating with a stick or cane."], "canker": ["CANKER, n.", "1. A disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and fall.", "2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers in the mouth, particularly of children. They are generally covered with a whitish slough.", "3. A virulent, corroding ulcer; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts or destroys.", "Sacrilege may prove an eating canker.", "And their word will eat as doth a canker. Tim. 2.", "4. An eating, corroding, virulent humor; corrosion.", "5. A kind of rose, the dog rose.", "6. In farriery, a running thrush of the worst kind; a disease in horses feet, discharging a fetid matter from the cleft in the middle of the frog.", "CANKER, v.i. To grow corrupt; to decay, or waste away by means of any noxious cause; to grow rusty, or to be oxydized, as a metal."], "cankered": ["CANKERED, pp.", "1. Corrupted.", "2. a. Crabbed; uncivil."], "cankerous": ["CANKEROUS, a. Corroding like a canker."], "cannot": ["CANNOT, can and not. These words are usually united, but perhaps without good reason; canst and not are never united."], "captain": ["CAPTAIN, n.", "1. Literally, a head or chief officer; appropriately, the military officer who commands a company, whether of infantry, cavalry, artillery or matrosses.", "2. The commander of a ship of war, or of a merchantman. But the latter is often called a master.", "3. The commander of a military band, a sense that occurs in the sciptures; as a captain of fifty.", "4. A man skilled in war or military affairs; as, Lord Wellington is a great captain.", "5. A chief commander. Shak. But in this sense rarely used, but in composition.", "Captain-general, is the commander in chief of an army, or of the militia. The covernor of a state is Captain-General of the militia.", "Captain-Lieutenant, is an officer, who with the rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, commands a company or troop. Thus the colonel of a regiment being the captain of the first company, that company is commanded by a Captain-Lieutenant.", "Captain-Bashaw, or Capudan Bashaw, in Turkey, is the High Admiral.", "CAPTAIN, a. Chief; valiant."], "captivate": ["CAPTIVATE, v.t.", "1. To take prisoner; to seize by force; as an enemy in war.", "2. To subdue; to bring into bondage.", "3. To overpower and gain with excellence or beauty; to charm; to engage the affections; to bind in love.", "4. To enslave; with to; as, captivated to error.", "CAPTIVATE, a. Taken prisoner."], "captivated": ["CAPTIVATED, pp. Made prisoner; charmed."], "captivating": ["CAPTIVATING, ppr.", "1. Taking prisoner; engaging the affections.", "2. a. Having power to engage the affections."], "captivation": ["CAPTIVATION, n. The act of taking a prisoner; a taking one captive."], "captive": ["CAPTIVE, n.", "1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem in war, by an enemy; followed by to; as a captive to the victor.", "2. One who is charmed or subdued by beauty or excellence; one whose affections are seized, or who is held by strong ties of love.", "3. One who is ensnared by love or flattery, or by wiles. 2 Tim. 2:26.", "4. A slave. Anciently captives were enslaved by their conquerors. But in modern times, they are not made slaves in Christian countries; and the word captive, in a literal sense, rarely signifies a slave.", "CAPTIVE, v.t. To take prisoner; to bring into subjection."], "captivity": ["CAPTIVITY, n.", "1. The state of being a prisoner, or of being in the power of an enemy by force or the fate of war.", "2. Subjection to love.", "3. Subjection; a state of being under control.", "Bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ. 2 Cor. 10.", "4. Subjection; servitude; slavery.", "But I see another law in my members--bringing me into captivity to the law of sin. Rom 7.", "To lead captivity captive, in scripture, is to subdue those who have held others in slavery, or captivity. Ps. 98."], "carbuncled": ["CARBUNCLED, a. Set with carbuncles; spotted."], "care": ["CARE, n.", "1. Concern; anxiety; solicitude; nothing some degree of pain in the mind, from apprehension of evil.", "They shall eat bread by weight and with care. Ezek. 4.", "2. Caution; a looking to; regard; attention, or heed, with a view to safety or protection, as in the phrase, take care of yourself.", "A want of care does more damage than a want of knowledge.", "3. Charge or oversight, implying concern for safety and prosperity; as, he was under the care of a physician.", "That which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the churches. 2 Cor. 6.", "4. The object of care, or watchful regard and attention; as, Is she thy care?", "CARE, v.t.", "1. To be anxious or solicitous; to be concerned about.", "Master, carest thou not that we perish? Mark 4.", "2. To be inclined or disposed; to have regard to; with for before a noun, and to before a verb. Not caring to observe the wind. Great masters in painting never care for drawing people in the fashion. In this sense the word implies a less degree of concern. The different degrees of anxiety expressed by this word constitute the chief differences in its signification or applications."], "careful": ["CAREFUL, a. See Care.", "1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous.", "Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things. Luke 10.", "2. Provident; attentive to support and protect; with of or for.", "Thou hast been careful for us with all care. 2 Kings 4.", "What could a careful father more have done. Dryden.", "In present usage careful is generally followed by of; as, careful of health.", "3. Watchful; cautious; giving good heed; as, be careful to maintain good works; be careful of your conversation.", "4. Filling with care or solicitude; exposing to concern, anxiety or trouble; full of cares.", "Raised to a careful height."], "carefulness": ["CAREFULNESS, n.", "1. Anxiety; solicitude.", "Drink thy water with trembling and with carefulness. Ezek. 12.", "2. Heedfulness; caution; vigilance, in guarding against evil, and providing for safety."], "carefully": ["CAREFULLY, adv.", "1. With care, anxiety, or solicitude.", "Though he sought it carefully with tears. Heb. 12.", "2. Heedfully; watchfully; attentively; as, consider these precepts carefully.", "If thou carefully hearken to the Lord. Deut. 9.", "3. In a manner that shows care.", "Envy, how carefully does it look. Collier.", "4. Providently; cautiously.."], "careless": ["CARELESS, a. care and less. See Loose.", "1. Having no care; heedless; negligent; unthinking; inattentive; regardless; unmindful; followed by of or about; as a careless mother; a mother careless of or about her children, is an unnatural parent.", "2. Free from care or anxiety; whence, undisturbed; cheerful.", "Thus wisely careless, innocently gay.", "3. Done or said without care; unconsidered; as a careless throw; a careless expression.", "4. Not regarding with care; unmoved by; unconcerned for; as, careless of money; careless of consequences.", "5. Contrived without art."], "carelessness": ["CARELESSNESS, n. Heedlessness; inattention; negligence; manner without care."], "carelessly": ["CARELESSLY, adv. In a careless manner or way; negligently; heedlessly; inattentively; without care or concern."], "carmelite": ["CARMELITE, a. Belonging to the order of Carmelites.", "CARMELITE, n. from Mount Carmel.", "1. A mendicant friar. The Carmelites have four tribes, and they have now thirty-eight provinces, besides the congregation in Mantua, in which are fifty-four monasteries, under a vicar general, and the congregations of barefooted Carmelites in Italy and Spain. They wear a scapulary, or small woolen habit, of a brown color, thrown over the shoulders.", "2. A sort of pear."], "carnal": ["CARNAL, a.", "1. Pertaining to flesh; fleshly; sensual; opposed to spiritual; as carnal pleasure.", "2. Being in the natural state; unregenerate.", "The carnal mind is enmity against God. Rom. 8.", "3. Pertaining to the ceremonial law; as carnal ordinances. Heb. 9:10.", "4. Lecherous; lustful; libidinous; given to sensual indulgence.", "Carnal-knowledge, sexual intercourse."], "carnality": ["CARNALITY, n.", "1. Fleshly lust, or desires, or the indulgence of those lusts; sensuality.", "2. Grossness of mind or desire; love of sensual pleasures."], "carnalize": ["CARNALIZE, v.t. To make carnal; to debase to carnality."], "carnally": ["CARNALLY, adv. In a carnal manner; according to the flesh; in a manner to gratify the flesh or sensual desire. Lev. 18:20. Rom. 8:6."], "carpenter": ["CARPENTER, n. An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, and of ships. Those who build houses are called house-carpenters, and those who build ships are called ship-carpenters.", "In New England, a distinction is often made between the man who frames, and the man who executes the interior wood-work of a house. The framer is the carpenter, and the finisher is called joiner. This distinction is noticed by Johnson, and seems to be a genuine English distinction. But in some other parts of America, as in New-York, the term carpenter includes both the framer and the joiner; and in truth both branches of business are often performed by the same person. The word is never applied, as in Italy and Spain, to a coach-maker."], "carpus": ["CARPUS, n. The wrist, but not an English word."], "carriage": ["CARRIAGE, n.", "1. The act of carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying; as the carriage of sounds.", "2. The act of taking by an enemy; conquest; acquisition.", "3. That which carries, especially on wheels; a vehicle. This is a general term for a coach, chariot, chaise, gig, sulkey, or other vehicle on wheels, as a cannon-carriage on trucks, a block-carriage for mortars, and a truck-carriage. Appropriately the word is applied to a coach; and carts and wagons are rarely or never called carriages.", "4. The price or expense of carrying.", "5. That which is carried; burden; as baggage, vessels, furniture, &c.", "And David left his carriage in the hands of the keeper of the carriage. 1 Sam. 17.", "6. In a moral sense, the manner of carrying ones self; behavior; conduct; deportment; personal manners.", "7. Measures; practices; management."], "carry": ["CARRY, v.t.", "1. To bear, convey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing carried, either by bodily strength, upon a beast, in a vehicle, or in any kind of water-craft. In general, it implies a moving from the speaker or the place present or near, to a place more distant, and so is opposed to bring and fetch, and it is often followed by from, away, off, out.", "He shall carry the lambs in his bosom. Is. 40.", "When he dieth, he shall carry nothing away. Ps. 49.", "2. To convey; as sound is carried in the air.", "3. To effect; to accomplish; to prevail; to gain the object; as, to carry a point, measure, or resolution; to carry a prize; to carry a fortified town by force of arms; sometimes followed by it.", "Whose wills will carry it over the rest.", "4. To bear out; to face through.", "If a man carries it off, there is so much money saved.", "5. To urge, impel, lead or draw, noting moral impulse.", "Pride or passion will carry a man to great lengths.", "Men are carried away with imaginary prospects. See Eph. 4:14. Heb. 13:9.", "6. To bear; to have.", "In some vegetables, we see something that carries a kind of analogy to sense.", "7. To bear; to show, display or exhibit to view.", "The aspect of every one in the family carries satisfaction.", "8. To imply or import.", "To quit former tenets carries an imputation of ignorance.", "9. To contain or comprise.", "He thought it carried something of argument in it, to prove that doctrine.", "10. To extend or continue in time, as to carry a historical account to the first ages of the world; but usually with a particle, as to carry up or carry back, to carry forward.", "11. To extend in space, as to carry a line or a boundary; or in a moral sense, as to carry ideas very far.", "12. To support or sustain.", "Carry camomile on sticks.", "13. To bear or produce, as trees.", "Set them a reasonable depth, and they will carry more shoots upon the stem.", "14. To manage or transact, usually with on; as, to carry on business.", "15. To carry ones self, to behave, conduct or demean.", "He carried himself insolently. Sometimes with it; as, he carried it high.", "16. To remove, lead or drive.", "And he carried away all his cattle. Gen. 31.", "17. To remove; to cause to go.", "And the king of Assyria did carry away Israel to Assyria. 2 Kings 18.", "18. To transport; to affect with extraordinary impressions on the mind. Rev. 17.", "19. To fetch and bring.", "Young whelps learn easily to carry.", "20. To transfer; as, to carry an account to the ledger.", "War was to be diverted from Greece by being carried into Asia.", "To carry coals, to bear injuries.", "To carry off, to remove to a distance; also, to kill, as to be carried off by sickness.", "To carry on,", "1. to promote, advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design; to carry on the administration of grace.", "2. To manage or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry.", "3. To prosecute, continue or pursue; as, to carry on trade or war.", "To carry through, to support to the end; to sustain or keep from failing, or being subdued.", "Grace will carry a man through all difficulties. Hammond.", "To carry out, to bear from within; also, to sustain to the end; to continue to the end.", "To carry away, in seamanship, is to break; to carry sail till a spar breaks; as, to carry away a fore-topmast.", "CARRY, v.i.", "1. To run on rotten ground, or on frost, which sticks to the feet, as a hare.", "2. To bear the head in a particular manner, as a horse. When a horse holds his head high, with an arching neck, he is said to carry well. When he lowers his head too much, he is said to carry low.", "3. To convey; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries well; but this is elliptical."], "carrying": ["CARRYING, ppr. Bearing, conveying, removing, &c.", "CARRYING, n. A bearing, conveying, removing, transporting.", "Carrying trade, the trade which consists in the transportation of goods by water from country to country, or place to place.", "We are rivals with them in navigation and the carrying trade. Federalist, Jay.", "Carrying wind, among horsemen, is a tossing of the nose, as high as the horses ears."], "cart": ["CART, n.", "1. A carriage with two wheels, fitted to be drawn by one horse, or by a yoke of oxen, and used in husbandry or commercial cities for carrying heavy commodities. In Great Britain, carts are usually drawn by horses. In America, horse-carts are used mostly in cities, and ox-carts in the country.", "2. A carriage in general.", "CART, v.t.", "1. To carry or convey on a cart; as, to cart hay.", "2. To expose in a cart, by way of punishment."], "carted": ["CARTED, pp. Borne or exposed in a cart."], "carting": ["CARTING, ppr. Conveying or exposing in a cart.", "CARTING, n. The act of carrying in a cart."], "carve": ["CARVE, v.t.", "1. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at tale.", "2. To cut wood, stone or other material into some particular form, with an instrument, usually a chisel; to engrave; to cut figures or devices on hard materials.", "3. To make or shape by cutting; as, to carve an image.", "4. To apportion; to distribute; to provide at pleasure; to select and take, as to ones self, or to select and give to another.", "5. To cut; to hew.", "To care out, is to cut out, or to lay out, by design; to plan.", "CARVE, v.t.", "1. To cut up meat; followed sometimes by for; as, to carve for all the quests.", "2. To exercise the trade of a sculptor.", "3. To engrave or cut figures.", "CARVE, n. A carucate."], "carved": ["CARVED, pp. Cut or divided; engraved; formed by carving."], "carving": ["CARVING, ppr. Cutting, dividing, as meat; cutting in stone, wood or metal; apportioning; distributing.", "CARVING, n. The act of cutting, as meat; the act or art of cutting figures in wood or stone; sculpture; figures carved."], "case": ["CASE, n.", "1. A covering, box or sheath; that which incloses or contains; as a case for knives; a case for books; a watch case; a printers case; a pillow case.", "2. The outer part of a building.", "3. A certain quantity; as a case of crown glass.", "4. A building unfurnished.", "CASE, v.t.", "1. To cover with a case; to surround with any material that shall inclose or defend.", "2. To put in a case or box.", "3. To strip off a case, covering, or the skin.", "CASE, n. Literally, that which falls, comes, or happens; an event. Hence, the particular state, condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or in which he is placed; as, make the case your own; this is the case with my friend; this is his present case.", "2. The state of the body, with respect to health or disease; as a case of fever; he is in a consumptive case; his case is desperate.", "To be in good case, is to be fat, and this phrase is customarily abridged, to be in case; applied to beasts, but not to men, except in a sense rather ludicrous.", "3. A question; a state of facts involving a question for discussion or decision; as, the lawyer stated the case.", "4. A cause or suit in court; as, the case was tried at the last term. In this sense, case is nearly synonymous with cause, whose primary sense is nearly the same.", "5. In grammar, the inflection of nouns, or a change of termination, to express a difference of relation in the word to others, or to the thing represented. The variation of nouns and adjectives is called declension; both case and declension signifying, falling or leaning from the first state of the word. Thus, liber is a book; libri, of a book; libro, to a book. In other words, case denotes a variation in the termination of a noun, to show how the noun acts upon the verb with which it is connected, or is acted upon by it, or by an agent. The cases, except the nominative, are called oblique cases.", "In case, is a phrase denoting condition or supposition; literally, in the event or contingency; if it should so fall out or happen.", "Put the case, suppose the event, or a certain state of things.", "Action on the case, in law, is an action in which the whole cause of complaint is set out in the writ."], "cased": ["CASED, pp. Covered with a case."], "casing": ["CASING, ppr. Covering with a case.", "CASING, n.", "1. The act or operation of plastering a house with mortar on the outside, and striking it while wet, by a ruler, with the corner of a trowel, to make it resemble the joints of free-stone.", "2. A covering; a case."], "casement": ["CASEMENT, n.", "1. A hollow molding, usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle.", "2. A little movable window, usually within a large, made to turn and open on hinges."], "cassia": ["CASSIA, n. A genus of plants of many species, among which are the fistula, or purging cassia, and the senna. The former is a native of Egypt and both Indies; the latter is a native of Persia, Syria and Arabia. The latter is a shrubby plant, the leaves of which are much used in medicine. The purging cassia is the pulp of the pods, and is a gentle laxative.", "Cassia is also the name of a species of Laurus, the bark of which usually passes under the name of cinnamon, differing from real cinnamon chiefly in the strength of its qualities. From a plant of this kind was extracted an aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews."], "cast": ["CAST, v.t. pret. And pp. cast.", "1. To throw, fling or send; that is, to drive from, by force, as from the hand, or from an engine.", "Hagar cast the child under a shrub. Gen. 21.", "Uzziah prepared slings to cast stones. 2 Ch. 26.", "2. To sow; to scatter seed.", "If a man should cast seen into the ground. Mark 4.", "3. To drive or impel by violence.", "A mighty west wind cast the locusts into the sea. Ex. 10.", "4. To shed or throw off; as, trees cast their fruit; a serpent casts his skin.", "5. To throw or let fall; as, to cast anchor. Hence, to east anchor is to moor, as a ship, the effect of casting the anchor.", "6. To throw, as dice or lots; as, to cast lots.", "7. To throw on the ground, as in wrestling.", "8. To throw away, as worthless.", "His carcase was cast in the way. 1 Kings 13.", "9. To emit or throw out.", "This casts a sulphurous smell.", "10. To throw, to extend, as a trench or rampart, including the sense of digging, raising, or forming.", "Thy enemies shall cast a trench about thee. Luke 19.", "11. To thrust; as, to cast into prison.", "12. To put, or set, in a particular state.", "Both chariot and horse were cast into a dead sleep. Ps. 76.", "13. To condemn; to convict; as a criminal.", "Both tried and both were cast.", "14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any contest of strength or skill; as, to cast the defendant or an antagonist.", "15. To cashier or discard.", "16. To lay aside, as unfit for use; to reject; as a garment.", "17. To make to preponderate; to throw into one scale, for the purpose of giving it superior weight; to decide by a vote that gives a superiority in numbers; as, to cast the balance in ones favor; a casting vote or voice.", "18. To throw together several particulars, to find the sum; as, to cast accounts. Hence, to throw together circumstances and facts, to find the result; to compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast the event of war.", "To cast and see how many things there are which a man cannot do himself.", "19. To contrive; to plan.", "20. To judge, or to consider, in order to judge.", "21. To fix, or distribute the parts of a play among the actors.", "22. To throw, as the sight; to direct, or turn, as the eye; to glance; as, to cast a look, or glance, or the eye.", "23. To found; to form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal into a mold; to run; as, to cast cannon.", "Thou shalt cast four rings of gold for it. Ex. 25.", "24. Figuratively, to shape; to form by a model.", "25. To communicate; to spread over; as, to cast a luster upon posterity; to cast splendor upon actions, or light upon a subject.", "To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconvenient.", "To cast away, to reject. Lev. 26. Is. 5. Rom. 11. Also, to throw away; to lavish or waste by profusion; to turn to no use; as, to cast away life.", "Also, to wreck, as a ship.", "To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard with neglect or hate, or as useless.", "To cast down, to throw down; to deject or depress the mind.", "Why art thou cast down, O my soul. Ps. 42.", "To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit, or send abroad; to exhale.", "To cast off, to discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to put away; to disburden. Among huntsmen, to leave behind, as dogs; to set loose, or free. Among seamen, to loose, or untie.", "To cast out, to send forth; to reject or turn out; to throw out, as words; to speak or give vent to.", "To cast up, to compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast up accounts, or the cost. Also, to eject; to vomit.", "To cast on, to refer or resign to.", "To cast ones self on, to resign or yield ones self to the disposal of, without reserve.", "To cast young, to miscarry; to suffer abortion. Gen. 32.", "To cast in the teeth, to upbraid; to charge; to twit. So in Danish, kaster in I noesen, to cast in the nose.", "CAST, v.i.", "1. To throw forward, as the thoughts, with a view to some determination; or to turn or revolve in the mind; to contrive; sometimes followed by about.", "I cast in careful mind to seek her out. Spenser.", "To cast about how to perform or obtain. Bacon.", "2. To receive form or shape.", "Metal will cast and mold.", "3. To warp; to twist from regular shape.", "Stuff is said to cast or warp, when it alters its flatness or straightness.", "Note. Cast, like throw and warp, implies a winding motion.", "4. In seamens language, to fall off, or incline, so as to bring the side of a ship to the wind; applied particularly to a ship riding with her head to the wind, when her anchor is first loosened.", "CAST, n.", "1. The act of casting; a throw; the thing thrown; the form or state of throwing; kind or manner of throwing.", "2. The distance passed by a thing thrown; or the space through which a thing thrown may ordinarily pass; as, about a stones cast. Luke 22.", "3. A stroke; a touch.", "This was a cast of Woods politics.", "4. Motion or turn of the eye; direction, look or glance; a squinting.", "Thy let you see by one cast of the eye.", "5. A throw of dice; hence, a state of chance or hazard.", "It is an even cast, whether the army should march this way or that way.", "Hence the phrase, the last cast, is used to denote that all is ventured on one throw, or one effort.", "6. Form; shape.", "A heroic poem in another cast.", "7. A tinge; a slight coloring, or slight degree of a color; as a cast of green. Hence, a slight alteration in external appearance.", "The native hue of resolution is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought. Shak.", "8. Manner; air; mien; as, a peculiar cast of countenance. This sense implies, the turn or manner of throwing; as, the neat cast f verse.", "9. A flight; a number of hawks let go at once.", "10. A small statue of bronze.", "11. Among founders, a tube of wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape to metal.", "12. A cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in two lengthwise, to form a canal or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal.", "13. Among plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end of a mold, for casting pipes without sodering, by means of which the melted metal is poured into the mold.", "14. A breed, race, lineage, kind, sort.", "15. In Hindoostan, a tribe or class of the same rank or profession; as the cast of Bramins, or priests; of rajahs, or princes; of choutres, or artificers; and of parias, or poor people. Or according to some writers, of Bramins; of cuttery, or soldiers; of shuddery, or merchants; and of wyse, or mechanics.", "The four casts of the Hindoos are the Brahmins or sacred order; the Chechteres or soldiers and rulers; the Bice, Vaissya, or husbandmen and merchants; and the Sooders, Sudras, or laborers and mechanics.", "16. A trick."], "casted": ["CASTED, pp. For cast, is not in use."], "casting": ["CASTING, ppr. Throwing; sending; computing; calculating; turning; giving a preponderancy; deciding; running, or throwing into a mold to give shape. See Cast.", "CASTING, n.", "1. The act of casting or founding.", "2. That which is cast in a mold; any vessel formed by casting melted metal into a mold, or in sand.", "3. The taking of casts and impressions of figures, busts, medals, &c."], "castaway": ["CASTAWAY, n. That which is thrown away. A person abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor; a reprobate. 1 Cor. 9:27.", "CASTAWAY, a. Rejected; useless; of no value."], "castle": ["CASTLE, n.", "1. A house fortified for defense against an enemy; a fortress. The term seems to include the house and the walls or other works around it. In old writers, the word is used for a town or village fortified.", "2. The house or mansion of a nobleman or prince.", "3. In a ship, there are two parts called by this name; the forecastle, a short deck in the fore part of the ship, above the upper deck; and the hindcastle, at the stern.", "Castle in the air, a visionary project; a scheme that has no solid foundation.", "CASTLE, v.t. In the game of chess, to cover the king with a castle, by a certain move."], "castled": ["CASTLED, a. Furnished with castles; as a castled elephant."], "castling": ["CASTLING, n. An abortion or abortive."], "castor": ["CASTOR, n.", "1. A beaver, an amphibious quadruped, with a flat ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fore feet, and large hind feet.", "2. A reddish brown substance of a strong penetrating smell, taken from bags or cods in the groin of the beaver; a powerful antispasmodic.", "3. In astronomy, a moiety of the constellation Gemini, called also Apollo.", "Castor and Pollux, in meterology, a fiery meteor, which, at sea, appears sometimes adhering to a part of a ship, in the form of one, two and even three or four balls. When one is seen alone, it is called Helena, which portends that the severest part of the storm is yet to come. Two appearing at once are denominated Castor and Pollux, or Tyndaridoe, and portend a cessation of the storm."], "catch": ["CATCH, v.t.", "1. To seize or lay hold on with the hand; carrying the sense of pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on.", "And they came upon him and caught him. Acts 6.", "2. To seize, in a general sense; as, to catch a ball; to catch hold of a bough.", "3. To seize, as in a snare or trap; to ensnare; to entangle.", "They sent certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words. Mark 12.", "4. To seize in pursuit; hence simply to overtake; a popular use of the word.", "He ran, but could not catch him companion.", "5. To take hold; to communicate to.", "The fire caught the adjoining building.", "6. To seize the affections; to engage and attach to; as, to catch the fair.", "7. To take or receive by contagion or infection; as, to catch the measles or small pox.", "8. To snatch; to take suddenly; as, to catch a book out of the hand.", "9. To receive something passing.", "The swelling sails no more catch the soft airs and wanton in the sky. Trumbull.", "To catch at, to endeavor to seize suddenly.", "To catch at all opportunities of subverting the state.", "To catch up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.", "CATCH, v.i.", "1. To communicate; to spread by infecting; as, a disease will catch from man to man.", "2. Any thing that seizes or takes hold, as a hook.", "3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to catch, or of watching an opportunity to seize; as, to lie upon the catch.", "4. A sudden advantage taken.", "5. The thing caught, considered as an object of desire; profit; advantage.", "Hector shall have a great catch. Shak.", "6. A snatch; a short interval of action.", "It has been writ by catches.", "7. A little portion.", "We retain a catch of a pretty story.", "8. In music, a fugue in the unison, wherein to humor some conceit in the words, the melody is broken, and the sense is interrupted in one part, and caught and supported by another, or a different sense is given to the words; or a piece for three or more voices, one of which leads and the others follow in the same notes."], "catching": ["CATCHING, ppr. Seizing; taking hold; ensnaring; entangling.", "CATCHING, a. Communicating, or that may be communicated, by contagion; infectious; as, a disease is catching."], "cattle": ["CATTLE, n.", "1. Beasts or quadrupeds in general, serving for tillage, or other labor, and for food to man. In its primary sense, the word includes camels, horses, asses, all the varieties of domesticated horned beasts or the bovine genus, sheep of all kinds and goats, and perhaps swine. In this general sense, it is constantly used in the scriptures. See Job 1. 3. Hence it would appear that the word properly signifies possessions, goods. But whether from a word originally signifying a beast, for in early ages beasts constituted the chief part of a mans property, or from a root signifying to get or possess. This word is restricted to domestic beasts; but in England it includes horses, which it ordinarily does not, in the United States, at least not in New-England.", "2. In the United States, cattle, in common usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus, oxen, bulls, cows and their young. In the laws respecting domestic beasts, horses, sheep, asses, mules and swine are distinguished from cattle, or neat cattle. Thus the law in Connecticut, requiring that all the owners of any cattle, sheep or swine, shall ear-mark or brand all their cattle, sheep and swine, does not extend to horses. Yet it is probable that a law, giving damages for a trespass committed by cattle breaking into an inclosure, would be adjudged to include horses.", "In Great Britain, beasts are distinguished into black cattle, including bulls, oxen, cows and their young; and small cattle, including sheep of all kinds and goats.", "3. In reproach, human beings are called cattle."], "caught": ["CAUGHT, pret. and pp. of catch, pronounced caut."], "caul": ["CAUL, n.", "1. In anatomy, a membrane in the abdomen, covering the greatest part of the lower intestines, called from its structure, reticuluim, a net, but more generally, the omentum; also, a little membrane sometimes encompassing the head of a child when born.", "2. A kind of net in which females inclose their hair; the hinder part of a cap.", "3. Any kind of net."], "causative": ["CAUSATIVE, a. That expresses a cause or reason; also, that effects as a cause."], "causatively": ["CAUSATIVELY, adv. In a causative manner."], "cause": ["CAUSE, n. s as z.", "1. A suit or action in court; any legal process which a party institutes to obtain his demand, or by which he seeks his right or his supposed right. This is a legal, scriptural and popular use of the word, coinciding nearly with case from cado, and action from ago, to urge or drive.", "The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex. 22.", "2. That which produces an effect; that which impels into existence, or by its agency or operation produces what did not before exist; that by virtue of which any thing is done; that from which any thing proceeds, and without which it would not exist.", "Cause is a substance exerting its power into act, to make a thing begin to be.", "3. The reason or motive that urges, moves, or impels the mind to act or decide.", "For this cause have I raised up Pharaoh. Ex. 9.", "And David said, is there not a cause? 1 Sam. 17.", "4. Sake; account.", "I did it not for his cause that had done the wrong. 2 Cor. 6. See Sake.", "5. That which a party or nation pursues; or rather pursuit, prosecution of an object. We say, Bible Societies are engaged in a noble cause. See the first definition. Hence the word cause is used to denote that which a person or thing favors; that to which the efforts of an intelligent being are directed; as, to promote religion is to advance the cause of God. So we say, the cause of truth or of justice. In all its applications, cause retains something of its original meaning, struggle, impelling force, contest, effort to obtain or to effect something.", "6. Without cause, without good reason; without a reason or motive to justify the act.", "They hate me without cause. Ps. 35. 69.", "CAUSE, v.t.", "1. To produce; to bring into existence.", "They caused great joy to all the brethren. Acts 15.", "2. To effect by agency, power or influence.", "I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days. Gen. 7.", "I will cause him to fall by the sword. 2 Kings 19.", "CAUSE, v.i. To assign insufficient cause."], "caused": ["CAUSED, pp. Produced; effected; brought about."], "causing": ["CAUSING, ppr. Producing; effecting; bringing into being."], "causeless": ["CAUSELESS, a.", "1. Having no cause, or producing agent.", "2. Without just ground, reason or motive; as causeless hatred; causeless fear. Prov. 26."], "causelessness": ["CAUSELESSNESS, n. The state of being causeless."], "cave": ["CAVE, n. A hollow place in the earth; a subterraneous cavern; a den. This may be natural or artificial. The primitive inhabitants of the earth, in many countries, lived in caves; and the present inhabitants of some parts of the earth, especially in the high northern latitudes, occupy caves, particularly in winter.", "Lot dwelt in a cave, he and his daughters. Gen. 19.", "Caves were also used for the burial of the dead.", "Abraham buried Sarah in the cave of the field of Machpelab. Gen. 23.", "Bacon applies the word to the ear, the cave of the ear; but this application is unusual.", "CAVE, v.t. To make hollow.", "CAVE, v.i. To dwell in a cave.", "To cave in, to fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the side of a well or pit. When in digging into the earth, the side is excavated by a falling of a quantity of earth, it is said to cave in."], "cease": ["CEASE, v.i.", "1. To stop moving, acting or speaking; to leave of; to give over; followed by from before a noun.", "It is an honor for a man to cease from strife. Prov. 20.", "2. To fail; to be wanting.", "The poor shall never cease out of the land. Deut. 15.", "3. To stop; to be at an end; as, the wonder ceases; the storm has ceased.", "4. To be forgotten.", "I would make the remembrance of them to cease. Deut. 32.", "5. To abstain; as, cease from anger. Ps. 37.", "To cease from labor, is to rest; to cease from strife, is to be quiet; but in such phrases, the sense of cease is not varied.", "CEASE, v.t. To put a stop to; to put an end to. Cease this impious rage. But in this use the phrase is generally elliptical,", "CEASE, n. Extinction."], "ceasing": ["CEASING, ppr. Stopping; ending; desisting; failing."], "cedar": ["CEDAR, n. A tree. This name is given to different species of the juniper, and to a species of Pinus. The latter is that which is mentioned in scripture. It is an evergreen, grows to a great size, and is remarkable for its durability."], "celebrate": ["CELEBRATE, v.t.", "1. To praise; to extol; to commend; to give to; to make famous; as, to celebrate the name of the Most High.", "The grave cannot celebrate thee. Is. 38.", "2. To distinguish by solemn rites; to keep holy.", "From even to even shall ye celebrate your Sabbath. Lev. 23.", "3. To honor or distinguish by ceremonies and marks of joy and respect; as, to celebrate the birth day of Washington; to celebrate a marriage.", "4. To mention in a solemn manner, whether of joy or sorrow."], "celebrated": ["CELEBRATED, pp. Praised; extolled; honored."], "celebrating": ["CELEBRATING, ppr. Praising; honoring."], "celebration": ["CELEBRATION, n.", "1. Solemn performance; a distinguishing by solemn rites; as the celebration of a marriage, or of a religious festival.", "2. A distinguishing by ceremonies, or by marks of joy or respect; as the celebration of a birth day, or other anniversary.", "3. Praise; renown; honor or distinction bestowed, whether by songs, eulogies, or rites and ceremonies."], "celebrator": ["CELEBRATOR, n. One who celebrates."], "celebrity": ["CELEBRITY, n.", "1. Fame; renown; the distinction or honor publicly bestowed on a nation or person, on character or exploits; the distinction bestowed on whatever is great or remarkable, and manifested by praises or eulogies; as the celebrity of the duke of Wellington; the celebrity of Homer, or of the Iliad.", "England acquired celebrity from the triumphs of Marlborough.", "2. Public and splendid transaction; as the celebrity of a marriage. In this sense, as used by Bacon, we now use celebration."], "celestial": ["CELESTIAL, a.", "1. Heavenly; belonging or relating to heaven; dwelling in heaven; as celestial spirits; celestial joys. Hence the word conveys the idea of superior excellence, delight, purity, &c.", "2. Belonging to the upper regions, or visible heaven; as celestial signs; the celestial globe.", "3. Descending from heaven; as a suit of celestial armor.", "CELESTIAL, n. An inhabitant of heaven."], "celestially": ["CELESTIALLY, adv. In a heavenly or transporting manner."], "cellar": ["CELLAR, n. A room under a house or other building, used as a repository of liquors, provisions, and other stores for a family."], "cellarer": ["CELLARIST, CELLARER, n. An officer in a monastery who has the care of the cellar, or the charge of procuring and keeping the provisions; also, an officer in chapters, who has the care of the temporals, and particularly of distributing bread, wine, and money to canons, an account of their attendance in the choir."], "censer": ["CENSER, n. A vase or pan in which incense is burned. Among the Jews, a kind of chafing-dish, covered by a dome, and suspended by a chain, used to offer perfumes in sacrifices."], "centurion": ["CENTURION, n. Among the Romans, a military officer who commanded a hundred men, a century or company of infantry, answering to the captain in modern armies."], "ceremonial": ["CEREMONIAL, a. See Ceremony.", "1. Relating to ceremony, or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established rites; as ceremonial exactness. It is particularly applied to the forms and rites of the Jewish religion; as the ceremonial law or worship, as distinguished from the moral and judicial law.", "2. Formal; observant of old forms; exact; precise in manners.", "In this sense, ceremonious is now used.", "CEREMONIAL, n.", "1. Outward form; external rite, or established forms or rites, including all the forms prescribed; a system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law or established by custom, whether in religious worship, in social intercourse, or in the courts of princes.", "2. The order for rites and forms in the Romish church, or the book containing the rules prescribed to be observed on solemn occasions."], "ceremonially": ["CEREMONIALLY, adv. According to rites and ceremonies; as a person ceremonially unclean; an act ceremonially unlawful."], "ceremonious": ["CEREMONIOUS, a.", "1. Consisting of outward forms and rites; as the ceremonious part of worship. In this sense, ceremonial is now used.", "2. Full of ceremony or solemn forms.", "3. According to the rules and forms prescribed or customary; civil; formally respectful. Ceremonious phrases.", "4. Formal; according to the rules of civility; as, to take a ceremonious leave.", "5. Formal; exact; precise; too observant of forms."], "ceremoniously": ["CEREMONIOUSLY, adv. In a ceremonious manner; formally; with due forms."], "ceremoniousness": ["CEREMONIOUSNESS, n. The use of customary forms; the practice of too much ceremony; great formality in manners."], "ceremony": ["CEREMONY, n.", "1. Outward rite; external form in religion.", "2. Forms of civility; rules established by custom for regulating social intercourse.", "3. Outward forms of state; the forms prescribed or established by order or custom, serving for the purpose of civility or magnificence, as in levees of princes, the reception of ambassadors, &c.", "Master of ceremonies, an officer who superintends the reception of ambassadors. A person who regulates the forms to be observed by the company or attendants on a public occasion."], "certain": ["CERTAIN, a.", "1. Sure; true; undoubted; unquestionable; that cannot be denied; existing in fact and truth.", "The dream is certain and the interpretation sure. Dan. 2.", "2. Assured in mind; having no doubts; followed by of, before a noun.", "However I with thee have fixed my lot,", "Certain to undergo like doom of death,", "Consort with thee.", "To make her certain of the sad event.", "3. Unfailing; always producing the intended effect; as, we may have a certain remedy for a disease.", "4. Not doubtful or casual; really existing.", "Virtue that directs our ways", "Through certain dangers to uncertain praise.", "5. Stated; fixed; determinate; regular.", "Ye shall gather a certain rate every day. Ex. 16.", "6. Particular.", "There came a certain poor widow. Mark 12.", "In the plural number, a particular part or number; some; an indefinite part, number, or quantity. Hanani came, he and certain men of Judah. I mourned certain days. Neh. 1. 2. 6.", "In the latter sense, it is used as a noun; as, certain also of your own poets have said. Acts 17."], "certainness": ["CERTAINNESS, n. Certainty, which see."], "certainly": ["CERTAINLY, adv.", "1. Without doubt or question; in truth and fact.", "Certainly this was a righteous man. Luke 23.", "2. Without failure.", "He said, I will certainly return to thee. Gen. 18."], "certainty": ["CERTAINTY, n.", "1. A fixed or real state; truth; fact.", "Know for a certainty, that the Lord your God will no more drive out these nations. Josh. 23. Luke 1.", "2. Full assurance of mind; exemption from doubt.", "Certainty is the perception of the agreement or disagreement of our ideas.", "3. Exemption from failure; as the certainty of an event, or of the success of a medicine.", "The certainty of punishment is the truest security against crimes.", "4. Regularity; settled state."], "certified": ["CERTIFIED, pp. See Certify. Assured; made certain; informed."], "certifier": ["CERTIFIER, n. One who certifies, or assures."], "certify": ["CERTIFY, v.t.", "1. To testify to in writing; to make a declaration in writing, under hand, or hand and seal, to make known or establish a fac.", "The judges shall certify their opinion to the chancellor, and upon such certificate, the decree is usually founded.", "The Judge shall certify under his hand, that the freehold came chiefly in question.", "2. To give certain information to; applied to persons.", "We have sent and certified the king. Ezra 4.", "3. To give certain information of; applied to things.", "This is designed to certify those things that are confirmed of Gods favor.", "It is followed by of, after the person, and before the thing told; as, I certified you of the fact."], "certifying": ["CERTIFYING, ppr. Giving a written testimony, or certificate; giving certain notice; making certainly known."], "chafe": ["CHAFE, v.t.", "1. To excite heat or inflammation by friction, as to chafe the skin; also, to fret and wear by rubbing, as to chafe a cable.", "2. To act violently upon, by rubbing; to fret against, as waves against a shore.", "The troubled Tyber chafing with his shores.", "3. To be fretted and worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes.", "CHAFE, n.", "1. Heat, excited by friction.", "2. Violent agitation of the mind or passions; heat; fret; passion."], "chafed": ["CHAFED, pp. Heated or fretted by rubbing; worn by friction."], "chafing": ["CHAFING, ppr. Heating or fretting by friction."], "chaff": ["CHAFF, n.", "1. The husk, or dry calyx of corn, and grasses. In common language, the word is applied to the husks when separated from the corn by thrashing, riddling or winnowing. The word is sometimes used rather improperly to denote straw cut small for the food of cattle.", "2. Refuse; worthless matter; especially that which is light, and apt to be driven by the wind. In scripture, false doctrines, fruitless designs, hypocrites and ungodly men are compared to chaff. Ps. 1:4; Jer. 23:28; Is. 33:11; Mat. 3:12."], "chain": ["CHAIN, n.", "1. A series of links or rings connected, or fitted into one another, usually made of some kind of metal, as a chain of gold, or of iron; but the word is not restricted to any particular kind of material. It is used often for an ornament about the person.", "2. That which binds; a real chain; that which restrains, confines, or fetters; a bond.", "If God spared not the angels that sinned, but delivered them into chains of darkness. 2 Peter 2.", "3. Bondage; affliction.", "He hath made my chain heavy. Lam. 3.", "4. Bondage; slavery.", "In despotism the people sleep soundly in their chains.", "5. Ornament. Prov. 1:9.", "6. A series of things linked together; a series of things connected or following in succession; as a chain of causes, of ideas, or events; a chain of being.", "7. A range, or line of things connected, as a chain of mountains.", "8. A series of links, forming an instrument to measure land.", "9. A string of twisted wire, or something similar, to hang a watch on, and for other purposes.", "10. In France, a measure of wood for fuel, and various commodities, of various length.", "11. In ship-building, chains are strong links or plates of iron, bolted at the lower end to the ships side, used to contain the blocks called dead eyes, by which the shrouds of the mast are extended.", "12. The warp in weaving, as in French.", "Chain-;ump. This consists of a long chain, equipped with a sufficient number of valves, moving on two wheels, one above the other below, passing downward through a wooden tube and returning through another. It is managed by a long winch, on which several men may be employed at once.", "Chain-shot, two balls connected by a chain, and used to cut down masts, or cut away shrouds and rigging.", "Chain-wales of a ship, broad and thick planks projecting from a ships side, abreast of and behind the masts, for the purpose of extending the shrouds, for better supporting the masts, and preventing the shrouds from damaging the gunwale.", "Chain-work, work consisting of threads, cords and the like, linked together in the form of a chain; as lineal chaining or tambour work, reticulation or net work, &c.", "Top-chain, on board a ship, a chain to sling the sail-yards in time of battle, to prevent their falling, when the ropes that support them are shot away.", "CHAIN, v.t.", "1. To fasten, bind or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind with any thing in the manner of a chain.", "2. To enslave; to keep in slavery.", "And which more blest? Who chaind his country, say", "Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?", "3. To guard with a chain, as a harbor or passage.", "4. To unite; to form chain-work."], "chained": ["CHAINED, pp. Made fast, or bound by a chain; connected by a chain; bound; enslaved."], "chaining": ["CHAINING, ppr. Binding, fastening or connecting with a chain; binding, or attaching to; enslaving."], "chalcedony": ["CHALCEDONY, n. A subspecies of quartz, a mineral called also white agate, resembling milk diluted with water, and more or less clouded or opake, with veins, circles and spots. It is used in jewelry.", "The varieties of chalcedony are common chalcedony, heliotrope, chrysoprase, plasma, onyx, sard and sardonyx."], "chaldean": ["CHALDEAN, n. An inhabitant of Chaldea."], "chaldee": ["CHALDEE, a. Pertaining to Chaldea.", "CHALDEE, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans."], "challenge": ["CHALLENGE, n. Literally, a calling, or crying out, the primary sense of many words expressing a demand, as claim. Hence appropriately,", "1. A calling upon one to fight in single combat; an invitation or summons, verbal or written, to decide a controversy by a duel. Hence the letter containing the summons is also called a challenge.", "2. A claim or demand made of a right or supposed right.", "There must be no challenge of superiority.", "3. Among hunters, the opening and crying of hounds at the first finding the scent of their game.", "4. In law, an exception to jurors; the claim of a party that certain jurors shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause; that is, a calling them off. The right of challenge is given both in civil and criminal trials, for certain causes which are supposed to disqualify a juror to be an impartial judge. The right of challenge extends either to the whole panel or array, or only to particular jurors, called a challenge to the polls. A principal challenge is that which the law allows without cause assigned. A challenge to the favor, is when the party alleges a special cause. In criminal cases, a prisoner may challenge twenty jurors, without assigning a cause. This is called a peremptory challenge.", "CHALLENGE, VT", "1. To call, invite or summon to answer for an offense by single combat, or duel.", "2. To call to a contest; to invite to a trial; as, I challenge a man to prove what he asserts, implying defiance.", "3. To accuse; to call to answer.", "4. To claim as due; to demand as a right; as, the Supreme Being challenges our reverence and homage.", "5. In law, to call off a juror, or jurors; or to demand that jurors shall not sit in trial upon a cause. See the noun.", "6. To call to the performance of conditions."], "challengeable": ["CHALLENGEABLE, a. That may be challenged; that may be called to account."], "challenged": ["CHALLENGED, pp. Called to combat or o contest; claimed; demanded, as due; called from a jury."], "challenger": ["CHALLENGER, n.", "1. One who challenges; one who invites to a single combat; one who calls on another by way of defiance.", "2. One who claims superiority; one who claims any thing as his right, or makes pretensions to it.", "3. One who calls a juror, or a jury, from the trial of his cause."], "challenging": ["CHALLENGING, ppr. Summoning to a duel, or to contest; claiming as a right; defying; calling off from a jury."], "chameleon": ["CHAMELEON, n. An animal of the genus Lacerta, or lizard, with a naked body, a tail and four feet. The body is six or seven inches long, and the tail five inches; with this it clings to the branches of trees. The skin is cold to the touch, and contains small grains or eminences, of a bluish gray color, in the shade, but in the light of the sun, all parts of the body become of a grayish brown, or tawny color. It is a native of Africa and Asia."], "chameleonize": ["CHAMELEONIZE, v.t. To change into various colors."], "chamois": ["CHAMOIS, n. An animal of the goat kind, whose skin is made into soft leather, called shammy. It is now arranged with the Antelopes."], "champion": ["CHAMPION, n.", "1. A man who undertakes a combat in the place or cause of another.", "2. A man who fights in his own cause in a duel.", "3. A hero; a brave warrior. Hence, one who is bold in contest; as a champion for the truth.", "CHAMPION, v.t. To challenge to a combat."], "chance": ["CHANCE, n.", "1. An event that happens, falls out or takes place, without being contrived, intended, expected or foreseen; the effect of an unknown cause, or the unusual or unexpected effect of a known cause; accident; casualty; fortuitous event; as, time and chance happen to all.", "By chance a priest came down that way. Luke 10.", "2. Fortune; what fortune may bing; as, they must take their chance.", "3. An event, good or evil; success or misfortune; luck.", "4. Possibility of an occurrence; opportunity.", "You ladyship may have a chance to escape this address.", "CHANCE, v.i. To happen; to fall out; to come or arrive without design, or expectation.", "If a birds nest chance to be before thee. Deut. 22.", "Ah Casca, tell us what hath chanced to day.", "CHANCE, a. Happening by chance; casual; as a chance comer."], "chanceful": ["CHANCEFUL, a. Hazardous."], "chancellor": ["CHANCELLOR, n. Ordinally, a chief notary or scribe, under the Roman Emperors; but in England, in later times, an officer invested with judicial powers, and particularly with the superintendence of all charters, letters and other official writings of the crown, that required to be solemnly authenticated. Hence this officer became the keeper of the great seal. From the Roman Empire, this office passed to the church, and hence every bishop has his chancellor.", "The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Keeper of the Great Seal, is the highest officer of the crown. He is a privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the house of lords by prescription. To him belongs the appointment of all justices of the peace; he is keeper of the kings conscience, visitor of all hospitals and colleges founded by the king, guardian of all charitable uses, and judge of the high court of chancery.", "Chancellor of an Ecclesiastical Court, is the bishops lawyer, versed in the civil and canon law, to direct the bishop in causes of the church, civil and criminal.", "Chancellor of a Cathedral, is an officer who hears lessons and lectures in the church, by himself or his vicar, inspects schools, hears causes, applies the seal, writes and dispatches letter of the chapter, keeps the books, &c.", "Chancellor of the Exchequer, is an officer who presides in that court, and takes care of the interest of the crown. He has power, with the lord treasurer, to lease the crown lands, and with others, to compound for forfeitures on penal statutes. He has a great authority in managing the royal revenues, and in matters relating to the first fruits.", "Chancellor of a University, is an officer who seals the diplomas, or letters of degree, &c. The chancellor of Oxford is usually one of the prime nobility, elected by the students in convocation, and he holds the office for life. He is the chief magistrate in the government of the university. The chancellor of Cambridge is also elected from among the prime nobility; he does not hold his office for life, but may be elected every three years.", "Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the seal of their order.", "In France, a secretary is, in some cases, called a chancellor.", "In the United States, a chancellor is the judge o a court of chancery or equity, established by statute.", "In scripture, a mater of the decrees, or president of the council. Ezra 4."], "change": ["CHANGE, v.t.", "1. To cause to turn or pass from one state to another; to alter, or make different; to vary in external form, or in essence; as, to change the color or shape of a thing; to change the countenance; to change the heart or life.", "2. To put one thing in the place of another; to shift; as, to change the clothes", "Be clean and change your garments. Gen. 35.", "3. To quit one thing or state for another; followed by for; as, persons educated in a particular religion do not readily change it for another.", "4. To give and take reciprocally; as, will you change conditions with me?", "5. To barter; to exchange goods; as, to change a coach for a chariot.", "6. To quit, as one place for another; as, to change lodgings.", "7. To give one kind of money for another; to alter the form or kind of money, by receiving the value in a different kind, as to change bank notes for silver; or to give pieces of a larger denomination for an equivalent in pieces of smaller denomination, as to change an eagle for dollars, or a sovereign for sixpences, or to change a dollar into cents; or on the other hand, to change dollars for or into eagles, giving money of smaller denomination for larger.", "8. To become acid or tainted; to turn from a natural state of sweetness and purity; as, the wine is changed; thunder and lightning are said to change milk.", "To change a horse, or to change hand, is to turn or bear the horses head from one hand to the other, from the left to the right, or from the right to the left.", "CHANGE, v.i.", "1. To be altered; to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for the better, often for the worse.", "I am Jehovah; I change not. Mal. 3.", "2. To pass the sun, as the moon in its orbit; as, the moon will change the 14th of this month.", "CHANGE, n.", "1. Any variation or alteration in form, state, quality, or essence; or a passing from one state or form to another; as a change of countenance; a change of habits or principles.", "2. A succession of one thing in the place of another; vicissitude; as a change of seasons; a change of objects on a journey; a change of scenes.", "3. A revolution; as a change of government.", "4. A passing by the sun, and the beginning of a new monthly revolution; as a change of the moon.", "5. A different state by removal; novelty; variety.", "Our fathers did, for change, to France repair.", "6. Alteration in the order of ringing bells; variety of sounds.", "Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ringing.", "7. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another.", "Thirty changes of raiment. Judges 14.", "8. Small coins of money, which may be given for larger pieces.", "9. The balance of money paid beyond the price of goods purchased.", "I give the clerk a bank note for his cloth, and he gave me the change.", "10. The dissolution of the body; death.", "All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job 14.", "11. Change for exchange, a place where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building appropriated for mercantile transactions.", "12. In arithmetic, permutation; variation of numbers. Thirteen numbers admit of 6,227, 020, 800 changes, or different positions."], "changed": ["CHANGED, pp. Altered; varied; turned; converted; shifted."], "changeful": ["CHANGEFUL, a. Full of change; inconstant; mutable; fickle; uncertain; subject to alteration."], "changing": ["CHANGING, ppr. Altering; turning; putting one thing for another; shifting."], "changeability": ["CHANGEABILITY, n. Changeableness, which is generally used."], "changeable": ["CHANGEABLE, a.", "1. That may change; subject to alteration; fickle; inconstant; mutable; variable; as a person of a changeable mind.", "2. Having the quality of suffering alteration of external appearance; as changeable silk."], "changeableness": ["CHANGEABLENESS, n.", "1. The quality of being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy; instability; mutability.", "2. Susceptibility of change, or alteration."], "changeably": ["CHANGEABLY, adv. Inconstantly."], "changer": ["CHANGER, n.", "1. One who alters the form of any thing.", "2. One that is employed in changing and discounting money; a money-changer.", "3. One given to change."], "channel": ["CHANNEL, n.", "1. In a general sense, a passage; a place of passing or flowing; particularly, a water course.", "2. The place where a river flows, including the whole breadth of the river. But more appropriately, the deeper part or hollow in which the principal current flows.", "3. The deeper part of a strait, bay, or harbor, where the principal current flows, either of tide or fresh water, or which is the most convenient for the track of a ship.", "4. That through which any thing passes; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was conveyed to us by different channels.", "5. A gutter or furrow in a column.", "6. An arm of the sea; a straight or narrow sea, between two continents, or between a continent and an isle; as the British or Irish channel.", "7. Channels of a ship. See Chain-wales.", "CHANNEL, v.t. To form a channel; to cut channels in; to groove; as, to channel a field or a column."], "channeled": ["CHANNELED, pp. Having channels; grooved longitudinally."], "channeling": ["CHANNELING, ppr. Cutting channels; grooving longitudinally."], "chant": ["CHANT, v.t.", "1. To sing; to utter a melodious voice; that is, to cant or throw the voice in modulations.", "The cheerful birds do chant sweet music.", "2. To celebrate in song; as, to chant the praises of Jehovah.", "3. To sing, as in church-service; to repeat words in a kind of canting voice, with modulations."], "chanted": ["CHANTED, pp. Sung; uttered with modulations of voice."], "chanting": ["CHANTING, ppr. Singing; uttering a melodious voice; repeating words with a singing voice.", "CHANTING, n. The act of singing, or uttering with a song."], "chapel": ["CHAPEL, n.", "1. A house for public worship; primarily, a private oratory, or house of worship belonging to a private person. In Great Britain there are several sorts of chapels; as parochial chapels, distinct from the mother church; chapels which adjoin to and are a part of the church; such were formerly built by honorable persons for burying places; chapels of ease, built in large parishes for the accommodation of the inhabitants; free chapels, which were founded by the kings of England; chapels in the universities, belonging to particular colleges; domestic chapels, built by noblemen or gentlemen for the use of their families.", "2. A printers workhouse; said to be so called because printing was first carried on in a chapel.", "CHAPEL, v.t. To deposit in a chapel."], "chapelling": ["CHAPELLING, n. The act of turning a ship round in a light breeze of wind, when close hauled, so that she will lie the same way as before."], "chapiter": ["CHAPITER, n.", "1. The upper part or capital of a column or pillar; a word used in the scriptures. See Capital.", "2. That which is delivered by the mouth of the justice in his charge to the inquest."], "charge": ["CHARGE, v.t.", "1. To rush on; to fall on; to attack, especially with fixed bayonets; as, an army charges the enemy.", "2. To load, as a musket or cannon; to thrust in powder, or powder and ball or shot.", "3. To lead or burden; to throw on or impose that which oppresses; as, to charge the stomach with indigestible food; or to lay on, or to fill, without oppressing; as, to charge the memory with rules and precepts; to charge the mid with facts.", "4. To set or lay on; to impose, as a tax; as, the land is charged with a quit rent; a rent is charge on the land.", "5. To lay on or impose, as a task.", "The gospel chargeth us with piety towards God.", "6. To put or lay on; as, to charge a building with ornaments, often implying superfluity.", "7. To lay on, as a duty; followed by with.", "The commander charged the officer with the execution of the project. See Gen. 40:4", "8. To entrust to; as, an officer is charged with dispatches.", "9. To set to, as a dept; to place on the debit side of an account; as, to charge a man with the price of goods sold to him.", "10. To load or lay on in words, something wrong, reproachful or criminal; to impute to; as, to charge a man with theft.", "11. To lay on in words; to impute to; followed by on before the person; as, to charge a crime on the offender; to charge evil consequences on the doctrines of the stoics.", "12. To lay on, give or communicate, as an order, command or earnest request; to enjoin; to exhort.", "In all this, Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly. Job 1.", "13. To lay on, give or communicate, as an order, command or earnest request; to enjoin; to exhort. Charge them that are rich in this world, that they be not high-minded. 1 Tim. 4.", "In this sense, when the command is given in the name of God, or with an oath, the phrase amounts to an adjuration.", "To adjure; to bind by an oath. 1 Sam. 14:28.", "14. To give directions to; to instruct authoritatively; as, the judge charged the grand jury to inquire respecting breaches of the peace.", "15. To communicate electrical matter to, as to a coated vial, or an electrical battery.", "CHARGE, v.i. To make an onset. Thus Glanville says, like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in iron; and we say, to charge with fixed bayonets. But in this application, the object is understood; to charge the enemy.", "CHARGE, n.", "1. That which is laid on or in; in a general sense, any load or burden. It is the same word radically as cargo.", "2. The quantity of powder, or of powder and ball or shot, used to load a musket, cannon or other like instrument.", "3. An onset; a rushing on an enemy; attack; especially by moving troops with fixed bayonets. But it is used for an onset of cavalry as well as of infantry.", "4. An order, injunction, mandate, command.", "Moses gave Joshua a charge. Numbers 27.", "The king gave charge concerning Absalom. 2 Sam. 18.", "5. That which is enjoined, committed, entrusted or delivered to another, implying care, custody, oversight, or duty to be performed by the person entrusted.", "I gave Hanani charge over Jerusalem. Neh. 7.", "Hence the word includes any trust or commission; an office, duty, employment. It is followed by of or over; more generally by of. Hence,", "6. The person or thing committed to anothers custody, care or management; a trust. Thus the people of a parish are called the ministers charge.", "The starry guardian drove his charge away to some fresh pasture.", "7. Instructions given by a judge to a jury, or by a bishop to his clergy. The word may be used as synonymous with command, direction, exhortation or injunction, but always implies solemnity.", "8. Imputation in a bad sense; accusation.", "Lay not this sin to their charge. Acts 7.", "9. That which constitutes debt, in commercial transactions; an entry of money or the price of goods, on the debit side of an account.", "10. Cost; expense; as, the charges of the war are to be borne by the nation.", "11. Imposition on land or estate; rent, tax, or whatever constitutes a burden or duty.", "12. In military affairs, a signal to attack; as, to sound the charge.", "13. The posture of a weapon fitted for an attack or combat.", "Their armed slaves in charge.", "14. Among farriers, a preparation of the consistence of a thick decoction, or between an ointment and a plaster, used as a remedy for sprains and inflammations.", "15. In heraldry, that which is borne upon the color; or the figures represented on the escutcheon, by which the bearers are distinguished from one another.", "16. In electrical experiments, a quantity of electrical fluid, communicated to a coated jar, vial or pane of glass.", "A charge of lead, is thirty-six pigs, each containing six stone, wanting two pounds."], "charged": ["CHARGED, pp. Loaded; burdened; attacked; laid on; instructed; imputed; accused; placed to the debt; ordered; commanded."], "chargeful": ["CHARGEFUL, a. Expensive; costly."], "charging": ["CHARGING, ppr. Loading; attacking; laying on; instructing; commanding; accusing; imputing."], "chargeable": ["CHARGEABLE, a.", "1. That may be charged; that may be set, laid, imposed; as, a duty of forty per cent is chargeable on wine.", "2. Subject to be charged; as, wine is chargeable with a duty of forty per cent.", "3. Expensive; costly; as a chargeable family.", "4. Laying or bringing expense.", "Because we would not be chargeable to any of you. 1 Thess. 2.", "5. Imputable; that may be laid or attributed as a crime, fault or debt; as a fault chargeable on a man.", "6. Subject to be charged or accused; as a man chargeable with a fault, or neglect."], "chargeableness": ["CHARGEABLENESS, n. Expensiveness; cost; costliness."], "chargeably": ["CHARGEABLY, adv. Expensively; at great cost."], "charger": ["CHARGER, n.", "1. In Scots law, one who charges another in a suit.", "2. A large dish. Num. 7.", "3. A horse used for attack."], "chariot": ["CHARIOT,n.", "1. A half coach; a carriage with four wheels and one seat behind, used for convenience and pleasure.", "2. A car or vehicle used formerly in war, drawn by two or more horses, and conveying two men each. These vehicles were sometimes armed with hooks or sythes.", "CHARIOT, v.t. To convey in a chariot."], "charioted": ["CHARIOTED, pp. Borne in a chariot."], "charioteer": ["CHARIOTEER, n. The person who drives or conducts a chariot. It is used in speaking of military chariots and those in the ancient games, but not of modern drivers."], "charitable": ["CHARITABLE, a.", "1. Benevolent and kind; as a charitable disposition.", "2. Liberal in benefactions to the poor, and in relieving them in distress; as a charitable man.", "3. Pertaining to charity; springing from charity, or intended for charity; benevolent; as a charitable institution, or society; a charitable purpose.", "4. Formed on charitable principles; favorable; dictated by kindness; as a charitable construction of words or actions."], "charitableness": ["CHARITABLENESS, n.", "1. The disposition to be charitable; or the exercise of charity.", "2. Liberality to the poor."], "charitably": ["CHARITABLY, adv. Kindly; liberally; benevolently; with a disposition to help the poor; favorably."], "charity": ["CHARITY, n.", "1. In a general sense, love, benevolence, good will; that disposition of heart which inclines men to think favorably of their fellow men to think favorably of their fellow men, and to do them good. In a theological sense, it includes supreme love to God, and universal good will to men.", "1 Cor. 8. Col. 3. 1 Tim 1.", "2. In a more particular sense, love, kindness, affection, tenderness, springing from natural relations; as the charities of father, son and brother.", "3. Liberality to the poor, consisting in almsgiving or benefactions, or in gratuitous services to relieve them in distress.", "4. Alms; whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the poor for their relief.", "5. Liberality in gifts and services to promote public objects of utility, as to found and support bible societies, missionary societies, and others.", "6. Candor; liberality in judging of men and their actions; a disposition which inclines men to think and judge favorably, and to put the best construction on words and actions which the case will admit. The highest exercise of charity, is charity towards the uncharitable.", "7. Any act of kindness, or benevolence; as the charities of life.", "8. A charitable institution. Charity-school, is a school maintained by voluntary contributions for educating poor children."], "charm": ["CHARM, n.", "1. Words, characters or other things imagined to possess some occult or unintelligible power; hence, a magic power or spell, by which with the supposed assistance of the devil, witches and sorcerers have been supposed to do wonderful things. Spell; enchantment. Hence,", "2. That which has power to subdue opposition, and gain the affections; that which can please irresistible; that which delights and attracts the heart; generally in the plural.", "The smiles of nature and the charms of art.", "Good humor only teaches charms to last.", "CHARM, v.t.", "1. To subdue or control by incantation or secret influence.", "I will send serpents among you - which will not be charmed. Jer. 8.", "2. To subdue by secret power, especially by that which pleases and delights the mind; to allay, or appease.", "Music the fiercest grief can charm.", "3. To give exquisite pleasure to the mind or senses; to delight.", "We were charmed with the conversation.", "The aerial songster charms us with her melodious notes.", "4. To fortify with charms against evil.", "I have a charmed life, which must not yield.", "5. To make powerful by charms.", "6. To summon by incantation.", "7. To temper agreeably.", "CHARM, v.i. To sound harmonically."], "charmed": ["CHARMED, pp. Subdued by charms; delighted; enchanted."], "charmful": ["CHARMFUL, a. Abounding with charms."], "charming": ["CHARMING, ppr.", "1. Using charms; enchanting.", "2. a. Pleasing n the highest degree; delighting.", "Music is but an elegant and charming species of elocution."], "charmingly": ["CHARMINGLY, adv. Delightfully; in a manner to charm, or to give delight.", "She smiled very charmingly."], "charmer": ["CHARMER, n.", "1. One that charms, or has power to charm; one that uses or has the power of enchantment. Deut. 18:11.", "2. One who delights and attracts the affections."], "chase": ["CHASE, v.t.", "1. Literally to drive, urge, press forward with vehemence; hence, to pursue for the purpose of taking, as game; to hunt.", "2. To purse, or drive, as a defeated or flying enemy. Lev. 26:7. Deut. 32:30.", "3. To follow or pursue, as an object of desire; to pursue for the purpose of taking; as, to chase a ship.", "4. To drive; to pursue.", "Chased by their brothers endless malice.", "To chase away, is to compel to depart; to disperse.", "To chase metals. See Enchase.", "CHASE, n.", "1. Vehement pursuit; a running or driving after; as game, in hunting; a flying enemy, in war; a ship a sea, &c.", "2. Pursuit with an ardent desire to obtain, as pleasure, profit, fame, &c.; earnest seeking.", "3. That which may be chased; that which is usually taken by chase; as beasts of chase.", "4. That which is pursued or hunted; as, seek some other chase. So at sea, a ship chased is called the chase.", "5. In law, a driving of cattle to or from a place.", "6. An open ground, or place of retreat for deer and other wild beasts; differing from a forest, which is not private property and is invested with privileges, and from a park which is inclosed. A chase is private property, and well stored with wild beasts or game.", "7. An iron frame used by printers to confine types, when set in columns.", "8. Chase of a gun, is the whole length of the bore.", "9. A term in the game of tennis.", "Chase guns, in a ship of war, guns used in chasing an enemy or in defending a ship when chased. These have their ports at the head or stern. A gun at the head is called a bow-chase; at the stern, a stern-chase."], "chased": ["CHASED, pp. Pursed; sought ardently; driven."], "chasing": ["CHASING, ppr. Pursuing; driving; hunting."], "chaste": ["CHASTE, a.", "1. Pure from all unlawful commerce of sexes. Applied to persons before marriage, it signifies pure from all sexual commerce, undefiled; applied to married persons, true to the marriage bed.", "2. Free from obscenity.", "While they behold your chaste conversation. 1 Peter 3.", "3. In language, pure; genuine; uncorrupt; free from barbarous words and phrases, and from quaint, affected, extravagant expressions."], "chastely": ["CHASTELY, adv. In a chaste manner; without unlawful commerce of sexes; without obscenity; purely; without barbarisms or unnatural phrases."], "chasteness": ["CHASTENESS, n. Chastity; purity."], "chasten": ["CHASTEN, v.t.", "1. To correct by punishment; to punish; to inflict pain for the purpose of reclaiming an offender; as, to chasten a son with a rod.", "I will chasten him with the rod of men. 2 Sam. 7.", "2. To afflict by other means.", "As many as I love I rebuke and chasten. Rev. 3.", "3. To purify from errors or faults."], "chastened": ["CHASTENED, pp. Corrected; punished; afflicted for correction."], "chastener": ["CHASTENER, n. One who punishes, for the purpose of correction."], "chastening": ["CHASTENING, ppr. Correcting; afflicting for correction.", "CHASTENING, n. Correction; punishment for the purpose of reclaiming.", "No chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous but grievous. Heb. 12."], "chastisable": ["CHASTISABLE, a. Deserving of chastisement."], "chastise": ["CHASTISE, v.t.", "1. To correct by punishing; to punish; to inflict pain by stripes, or in other manner, for the purpose of punishing an offender and recalling him to his duty.", "I will chastise you seven times for your sins. Lev. 26.", "2. To reduce to order or obedience; to restrain; to awe; to repress.", "The gay social sense, By decency chastisd.", "3. To correct; to purify by expunging faults; as, to chastise a poem."], "chastised": ["CHASTISED, pp. Punished; corrected."], "chastisement": ["CHASTISEMENT, n. Correction; punishment; pain inflicted for punishment and correction, either by stripes or otherwise.", "Shall I so much dishonour my fair stars, On equal terms to give him chastisement.", "I have borne chastisement, I will not offend any more. Job 34.", "The chastisement of our peace, in Scripture, was the pain which Christ suffered to purchase our peace and reconciliation to God. Is. 53."], "chastiser": ["CHASTISER, n. One who chastises; a punisher; a corrector."], "chastising": ["CHASTISING, ppr. Punishing for correction; correcting."], "chatter": ["CHATTER, v.i. See Chat.", "1. To utter sounds rapidly and indistinctly, as a magpie, or a monkey.", "2. To make a noise by collision of the teeth. We say, the teeth chatter, when one is chilly and shivering.", "3. To talk idly, carelessly or rapidly; to jabber.", "CHATTER, n. Sounds like those of a pie or monkey; idle talk."], "chatterer": ["CHATTERER, n. A prater; an idle talker."], "chattering": ["CHATTERING, ppr. Uttering rapid, indistinct sounds, as birds; talking idly; moving rapidly and clashing, as the teeth.", "CHATTERING, n. Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds; idle talk; rapid striking of the teeth, as in chilliness."], "check": ["CHECK, v.t.", "1. To stop; to restrain; to hinder; to curb. It signifies to put an entire stop to motion, or to restrain its violence, and cause an abatement; to moderate.", "2. To rebuke; to chide or reprove.", "3. To compare any paper with its counterpart or with a cipher, with a view to ascertain its authenticity; to compare corresponding papers; to control by a counter-register.", "4. In seamenship, to ease of a little of a rope, which is too stiffly extended; also, to stopper the cable.", "CHECK, v.i.", "1. To stop; to make a stop; with at.", "The mid checks at any vigorous undertaking.", "2. To clash or interfere.", "I love to check with business.", "3. To strike with repression.", "CHECK, n.", "1. A stop; hindrance; rebuff; sudden restraint, or continued restraint; curb; control; government.", "2. That which stops or restrains, as reproof, reprimand, rebuke, slight or disgust, fear, apprehension, a person; any stop or obstruction.", "3. In falconry, when a hawk forsakes her proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or other fowls, that cross her in her flight.", "4. The correspondent cipher of a bank note; a corresponding indenture; any counter-register.", "5. A term in chess, when one party obliges the other either to move or guard his king.", "6. An order for money, drawn on a banker or on the cashier of a bank, payable to the bearer.", "This is a sense derived from that in definition 4.", "7. In popular use, checkered cloth; check, for checkered.", "Check or check-roll, a roll or book containing the names of persons who are attendants and in the pay of a king or great personage, as domestic servants.", "Clerk of the check, in the British Kings household, has the check and control of the yeomen of the guard, and all the ushers belonging to the royal family, the care of the watch, &c.", "Clerk of the check, in the British Royal Dock-Yards, is an officer who keeps a register of all the men employed on board his majestys ships and vessels, and of all the artificers in the service of the navy, at the port where he is settled."], "checked": ["CHECKED, CHECKT, pp. Stopped; restrained; repressed; curbed; moderated; controlled; reprimanded."], "checking": ["CHECKING, ppr. Stopping; curbing; restraining; moderating; controlling; rebuking."], "checker": ["CHECKER, v.t.", "1. To variegate with cross lines; to form into little squares, like a chess board, by lines or stripes of different colors. Hence,", "2. To diversify; to variegate with different qualities, scenes, or events.", "Our minds are, as it were, checkered with truth and falsehood.", "CHECKER, n.", "1. One who checks or restrains; a rebuker.", "2. A chess-board."], "checkers": ["CHECKERS, n plu. A common game on a checkered board."], "cheek": ["CHEEK, n.", "1. The side of the face below the eyes on each side.", "2. Among mechanics, cheeks are those pieces of a machine which form corresponding sides, or which are double and alike; as the cheeks of a printing press, which stand perpendicular and support the three sommers, the head, shelves and winter; the cheeks of a turners lathe; the cheeks of a glaziers vise; the cheeks of a mortar, and of a gun-carriage; the cheeks of a mast, which serve to sustain the trestle trees, &c.", "Cheek by jowl, closeness, proximity."], "cheeked": ["CHEEKED, a. Brought near the cheek."], "cheer": ["CHEER, v.t.", "1. To salute with shouts of joy, or cheers.", "2. To dispel gloom, sorrow, silence or apathy; to cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; as, to cheer a lonely desert; the cheering rays of the sun; good news cheers the heart.", "3. To infuse life; spirit, animation; to incite; to encourage; as, to cheer the hounds.", "CHEER, v.i. To grow cheerful; to become gladsome, or joyous.", "At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up.", "Cheer up, my lads.", "CHEER, n.", "1. A shout of joy; as, they gave three cheers.", "2. A state of gladness or joy; a state of animation, above gloom and depression of spirits, but below mirth, gayety and jollity.", "Son, be of good cheer, thy sins are forgiven thee. Mat. 9.", "Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat. Acts. 27.", "3. Mirth; gayety; jollity; as at a feast.", "4. Invitation to gayety.", "5. Entertainment; that which makes cheerful; provisions for a feast.", "The table was loaded with good cheer.", "6. Air of countenance, noting a greater or less degree of cheerfulness.", "His words their drooping cheer Enlightened."], "cheered": ["CHEERED, pp. Enlivened; animated; made glad."], "cheerful": ["CHEERFUL, a.", "1. Lively; animated; having good spirits; moderately joyful. This is the most usual signification of the word, expressing a degree of animation less than mirth and jollity.", "2. Full of life; gay; animated; mirthful; musical; as the cheerful birds.", "3. Expressive of good spirits or joy; lively; animated.", "A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance. Prov. 15."], "cheerfulness": ["CHEERFULNESS, n. Life; animation; good spirits; a state of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.", "He that showeth mercy, with cheerfulness. Rom. 12."], "cheering": ["CHEERING, ppr. Giving joy or gladness; enlivening; encouraging; animating."], "cheerfully": ["CHEERFULLY, adv. In a cheerful manner; with alacrity or willingness; readily; with life, animation or good spirits."], "cheese": ["CHEESE, n.", "1. The curd of milk, coagulated by rennet, separated from the serum or whey, and pressed in a vat, hoop or mold.", "2. A mass of pumice or ground apples placed on a press."], "cherish": ["CHERISH, n. The prince of Mecca; a high priest among the Mohammedans.", "CHERISH, v.t.", "1. To treat with tenderness and affection; to give warmth, ease or comfort to.", "We were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children. 1 Thess. 2.", "The damsel was fair and cherished the king. 1 Kings 1.", "2. To hold as dear; to embrace with affection; to foster, and encourage; as, to cherish the principles of virtue; to cherish religion in the heart.", "3. To treat in a manner to encourage growth, by protection, aid, attendance, or supplying nourishment; as, to cherish tender plants.", "4. To harbor; to indulge and encourage in the mind; as, to cherish ill will, or any evil passion."], "cherished": ["CHERISHED, pp. Treated with tenderness; warmed; comforted; fostered."], "cherisher": ["CHERISHER, n. One who cherishes; an encourager; a supporter."], "cherishing": ["CHERISHING, ppr. Warming; comforting; encouraging; fostering; treating with affection."], "cherishment": ["CHERISHMENT, n. Encouragement; comfort."], "cherub": ["CHERUB, n. plu. Cherubs, but the Hebrew plural cherubim is also used.", "A figure composed of various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle or lion. The first mention of cherubs is in Gen. 3:24, where the figure is not described, but their office was, with a flaming sword, to keep or guard the way of the tree of life. The two cherubs which Moses was commanded to make at the ends of the Mercy seat, were to be of beaten work of gold; and their wings were to extend over the Mercy seat, their faces towards each other, and between them was the residence of the Deity. Ex. 15. The cherubs, in Ezekiels vision, had each four heads or faces, the hands of a man and wings. The four faces were, the face of a bull, that of a man, that of a lion, and that of an eagle. They had the likeness of a man. Ezek. 4, and 10. In 2 Sam. 22:11, and Psalm 18., Jehovah is represented as riding on a cherub, and flying on the wings of the wind. In the celestial hierarchy, cherubs are represented as spirits next in order to seraphs. The hieroglyphical and emblematical figures embroidered on the vails of the tabernacle are called cherubs of curious or skilful work. Ex. 26."], "cherubic": ["CHERUBIC,", "CHERUBIC, a. Pertaining to cherubs; angelic."], "cherubim": ["CHERUBIM, n. The Hebrew plural of cherub."], "chest": ["CHEST, n.", "1. A box of wood or other material, in which goods are kept or transported. It differs from a trunk in not being covered with skin or leather.", "2. The trunk of the body from the neck to the belly; the thorax. Hence, broad-chested, narrow-chested, having a broad or narrow chest.", "3. In commerce, a certain quantity; as a chest of sugar; a chest of indigo; &c.", "Chest of drawers is a case of movable boxes called drawers.", "CHEST, v.t. To reposit in a chest; to hoard."], "chew": ["CHEW, v.t.", "1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food, to prepare it for deglutition and digestion.", "2. To ruminate in the thoughts; to meditate; as, to chew revenge.", "3. To champ; to bite, hold or roll about in the mouth; as, to chew tobacco.", "4. To taste, without swallowing.", "CHEW, v.i. To champ upon; to ruminate.", "Old politicians chew on wisdom past.", "CHEW, n. That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud."], "chewed": ["CHEWED, pp. Ground by the teeth; masticated."], "chewing": ["CHEWING, ppr. Grinding with the teeth; masticating; ruminating; meditating; champing."], "chicken": ["CHICKEN, n.", "1. The young of fowls, particularly of the domestic hen, or gallinaceous fowls.", "2. A person of tender years.", "3. A word of tenderness."], "chide": ["CHIDE, v.t.", "1. To scold at; to reprove; to utter words in anger, or by way of disapprobation; to rebuke; as, to chide one for his faults.", "2. To blame; to reproach; as, to chide folly or negligence.", "To chide from or chide away, is to drive away by scolding or reproof.", "CHIDE, v.i.", "1. To scold; to clamor; to find fault; to contend in words of anger; sometimes followed by with.", "The people did chide with Moses. Ex. 17.", "2. To quarrel.", "3. To make a rough, clamorous, roaring noise; as the chiding flood.", "CHIDE, n. Murmur; gentle noise."], "chiding": ["CHIDING, ppr. Scolding; clamoring; rebuking; making a harsh or continued noise.", "CHIDING, n. A scolding or clamoring; rebuke; reproof."], "chidingly": ["CHIDINGLY, adv. In a scolding or reproving manner."], "chief": ["CHIEF, a.", "1. Highest in office or rank; principal; as a chief priest; the chief butler. Gen 40:9.", "Among the chief rulers, many believed on him. John 12.", "2. Principal or most eminent, in any quality or action; most distinguished; having most influence; commanding most respect; taking the lead; most valuable; most important; a word of extensive use; as a country chief in arms.", "The hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass. Ezra 9.", "Agriculture is the chief employment of men.", "3. First in affection; most dear and familiar.", "A whisperer separateth chief friends. Prov. 16.", "CHIEF, n.", "1. A commander; particularly a military commander; the person who heads an army; equivalent to the modern terms, commander or general in chief, captain general, or generalissimo. 1 Ch. 11.", "2. The principal person of a tribe, family, or congregation, &c.", "Num. 3. Job 29. Math. 20.", "3. In chief, in English law, in capite. To hold land in chief is to hold it directly from the king by honorable personal services.", "4. In heraldry, chief signifies the head or upper part of the escutcheon, from side to side, representing a mans head. In chief, imports something borne in this part.", "5. In Spenser, it seems to signify something like achievement, a mark of distinction; as, chaplets wrought with a chief.", "6. This word is often used, in the singular number, to express a plurality.", "I took the chief of your tribes, wise men and known, and made them heads over you. Deut. 1:15.", "These were the chief of the officers, that were over Solomons work. 1 Kings 9.", "In these phrases, chief may have been primarily an adjective, that is, chief men, chief persons.", "7. The principal part; the most or largest part, of one thing or of many.", "The people took of the spoil, sheep and oxen, the chief of the things which should have been utterly destroyed. 1 Sam. 15.", "He smote the chief of their strength. Ps. 68.", "The chief of the debt remains unpaid.", "CHIEF, adv. Chiefly."], "chiefly": ["CHIEFLY, adv.", "1. Principally; eminently; in the first place.", "It chiefly concerns us to obey the divine precepts.", "2. For the most part.", "In the parts of the kingdom where the estates of the dissenters chiefly lay."], "child": ["CHILD, n.", "1. A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of parents; applied to the human race, and chiefly to a person when young. The term is applied to infants from their birth; but the time when they cease ordinarily to be so called, is not defined by custom. In strictness, a child is the shoot, issue or produce of the parents, and a person of any age, in respect to the parents, is a child.", "An infant.", "Hagar cast the child under one of the shrubs. Gen. 21.", "It signifies also a person of more advanced years.", "Jephthas daughter was his only child. Judges 11.", "The child shall behave himself proudly. Is. 3.", "A curse will be on those who corrupt the morals of their children.", "The application of child to a female in opposition to a male, as in Shakspeare, is not legitimate.", "2. One weak in knowledge, experience, judgment or attainments; as, he is a mere child.", "Behold, I cannot speak, for I am a child. Jer. 1.", "3. One young in grace. 1 John 2.", "One who is unfixed in principles. Eph. 4.", "4. One who is born again, spiritually renewed and adopted; as a child of God.", "5. One who is the product of another; or whose principles and morals are the product of another.", "Thou child of the devil. Acts 13.", "That which is the product or effect of something else.", "This noble passion, child of integrity.", "6. In the plural, the descendants of a man however remote; as the children of Israel; the children of Edom.", "7. The inhabitants of a country; as the children of Seir. 2 Chron. 25.", "To be with child, to be pregnant. Gen. 16:11, Gen. 29:36.", "CHILD, v.i. To bring children."], "childed": ["CHILDED, a. Furnished with a child."], "childing": ["CHILDING, ppr. Bearing children; producing; as childing women."], "childhood": ["CHILDHOOD, n.", "1. The state of a child, or the time in which persons are children, including the time from birth to puberty. But in a more restricted sense, the state or time from infancy to puberty. Thus we say, infancy, childhood, youth and manhood.", "Childhood and youth are vanity. Eccl. 11.", "2. The properties of a child."], "childish": ["CHILDISH, a.", "1. Belonging to a child; trifling; puerile.", "When I became a man, I put away childish things. 1 Cor. 13.", "2. Pertaining to a child; as childish yeas or age; childish sports.", "3. Pertaining to children; ignorant; silly; weak; as childish fear."], "childishness": ["CHILDISHNESS, n. Triflingness, puerility, the state or qualities of a child, in reference to manners. But in reference to the mind, simplicity, harmlessness, weakness of intellect."], "children": ["CHILDREN, n. plu. Of child."], "chimney": ["CHIMNEY, n.", "1. In architecture, a body of brick or stone, erected in a building, containing a funnel or funnels, to convey smoke, and other volatile matter through the roof, from the hearth or fire-place, where fuel is burnt. This body of materials is sometimes called a stack of chimneys, especially when it contains two or more funnels, or passages.", "2. A fireplace; the lower part of the body of brick or stone which confines and conveys smoke."], "chisleu": ["CHISLEU, n. The ninth month of the Jewish year, answering to a part of November and a part of December, in the modern division of the year."], "chode": ["CHODE, the old preterit of chide, which see."], "choice": ["CHOICE, n.", "1. The act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things that which is preferred; or the determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another; election.", "Ye know how that a good while ago God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my moth should hear the word of the gospel, and believe. Acts 15.", "2. The power of choosing; option.", "Where there is force, there can be no choice.", "Of these alternatives we have our own choice.", "3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference.", "I imagine Cesars apothems were collected with judgment and choice.", "4. The thing chosen; that which is approved and selected in preference to others; selection.", "Nor let thy conquests only be her choice.", "5. The best part of any thing; that which is preferable, and properly the object of choice.", "In the choice of our sepulchers bury thy dead. Gen. 23.", "6. The act of electing to office by vote; election.", "To make choice of, to choose; to select; to separate and take in preference.", "CHOICE, a.", "1. Worthy of being preferred; select; precious; very valuable.", "My choicest hours of life are lost.", "My revenue is better than choice silver. Prov. 8.", "2. Holding dear; preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; as, to be choice of time or of advantages.", "3. Selecting with care, and due attention to preference; as, to be choice of ones company."], "choicely": ["CHOICELY, adv.", "1. With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference; with exact choice; as a band of men choicely collected.", "2. Valuably; excellently; preferably; curiously.", "3. With great care; carefully; as a thing choicely preserved."], "choiceness": ["CHOICENESS, n. Valuableness; particular value or worth; as the choiceness of a plant or of wine."], "choke": ["CHOKE, v.t.", "1. To stop the passage of the breath, by filling the windpipe or compressing the neck. The word is used to express a temporary or partial stoppage, as to choke with dirt or smoke; or an entire stoppage that causes death; to suffocate; to strangle. Mark 5.", "2. To stop by filling; to obstruct; to block up; as, to choke the entrance of a harbor, or any passage.", "3. To hinder by obstruction or impediments; to hinder or check growth, expansion, or progress; as, to choke plants; to choke the spreading of the fruit.", "Thorns choke them. Matt 13. Luke 8.", "4. To smother or suffocate, as fire.", "5. To suppress or stifle; as, to choke the strong conception.", "6. To offend; to cause to take an exception; as, I was choked at this word.", "We observe that this word generally implies crowding, stuffing or covering. A channel is choked by stones and sand, but not by a boom.", "CHOKE, v.i.", "1. To have the wind-pipe stopped; as, cattle are apt to choke when eating potatoes.", "2. To be offended; to take exceptions.", "CHOKE, n. The filamentous or capillary part of the artichoke."], "choked": ["CHOKED, pp. Suffocated; strangled; obstructed by filling; stifled; suppressed; smothered."], "choler": ["CHOLER, n.", "1. The bile. By the superabundance of this fluid, anger was formerly supposed to be produced; or perhaps the opinion was that the bile caused the inflamed appearance of the face in anger. Hence,", "2. Anger; wrath; irritation of the passions.", "Cholera Morbus, a sudden evacuation of bile, both upwards and downwards."], "choleric": ["CHOLERIC, a.", "1. Abounding with choler.", "2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to anger; as a choleric man.", "3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger; as a choleric speech."], "cholericness": ["CHOLERICNESS, n. Pertaining to cholesterin, or obtained from it; as cholesteric acid."], "choose": ["CHOOSE, v.t.", "1. To pick out; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more things offered; to make choice of.", "The man the Lord doth choose shall be holy. Num. 16.", "2. To take in preference.", "Let us choose to us judgment. Job 34.", "3. To prefer; to choose for imitation; to follow.", "Envy not the oppressor, and choose none of his ways. Prov 3.", "4. To elect for eternal happiness; to predestinate to life.", "Many are called but few chosen. Matt 20.", "For his elects sake, whom he hath chosen. Mark 13.", "5. To elect or designate to office or employment by votes or suffrages. In the United States, the people choose representatives by votes, usually by ballot.", "CHOOSE, v.i.", "1. To prefer; as, I choose to go.", "2. To have the power of choice. The phrase, he cannot choose but stay, denotes that he has not the power of choice, whether to stay or not.", "The verb, in these phrases, is really transitive; the following verb standing as the object, instead of a noun."], "choosing": ["CHOOSING, ppr. Selecting; taking in preference; electing.", "CHOOSING, n. Choice; election."], "chop": ["CHOP, v.t.", "1. To cut off or separate, by striking with a sharp instrument, either by a single blow or by repeated blows; as, to chop off a head; to chop wood.", "2. To cut into small pieces; to mince; as, to chop meat; to chop straw.", "3. To grand and mince with the teeth; to devour eagerly; with up; as, to chop up an entertainment.", "4. To break or open into chinks or fissures; to crack; to chap. See Chap.", "CHOP, v.i.", "1. To buy, or rather to barter, truck, exchange.", "2. To exchange; to put one thing in the place of another; as, to chop and change our friends.", "3. To bandy; to altercate; to return one word or thing for another.", "Let not the council chop with the judge.", "CHOP, v.i. To turn, vary, change or shift suddenly; as in the seamans phrase, the wind chops, or chops about. The various senses of this verb seem to center in that of thrusting, driving, or a sudden motion or exertion of force.", "CHOP, n.", "1. A piece chopped off; a small piece of meat; as a mutton chop.", "2. A crack or cleft. See Chap, which, with the broad sound of a, is often pronounced chap.", "3. The chap; the jaw; plu. The jaws; the mouth; the sides of a rivers mouth or channel. See Chap."], "chopped": ["CHOPPED, pp. Cut; minced."], "chopping": ["CHOPPING, ppr. Cutting; mincing; buying; bartering.", "CHOPPING, a. Stout; lusty; plump.", "CHOPPING, n.", "1. A high-heeled shoe, worn by ladies in Italy. See Chioppine.", "2. A cutting; a mincing; from chop."], "chops": ["CHOPS, See Chop."], "chose": ["CHOSE, n. In law, property in action; a right to possession; or that which may be demanded and recovered by suit or action at law. Thus, money due on a bond or note is a chose in action; a recompense for damage done is a chose in action; the former proceeding from an express, the latter from an implied contract. A contract executed is a chose in possession; a contract executory conveys only a chose in action. A chose local is annexed to a place, as a mill or the like; a chose transitory is a thing which is movable.", "CHOSE, s as z, pret. and p. of choose."], "chosen": ["CHOSEN, pp.", "1. Selected from a number; picked out; taken in preference; elected; predestinated; designated to office.", "2. Select; distinguished by preference; eminent.", "His chosen captains are drowned in the sea. Ex. 15.", "Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood. 1 Pet. 2."], "christ": ["CHRIST, n. THE ANOINTED; an appellation given to the Savior of the World, and synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah. It was a custom of antiquity to consecrate persons to the sacerdotal and regal offices by anointing them with oil."], "christian": ["CHRISTIAN, n.", "1. A believer in the religion of Christ.", "2. A professor of his belief in the religion of Christ.", "3. A real disciple of Christ; one who believes in the truth of the Christian religion, and studies to follow the example, and obey the precepts, of Christ; a believer in Christ who is characterized by real piety.", "4. In a general sense, the word Christians includes all who are born in a Christian country or of Christian parents.", "CHRISTIAN, a. See the Noun.", "1. Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or received from him; as the Christian religion; Christian doctrines.", "2. Professing the religion of Christ; as a Christian friend.", "3. Belonging to the religion of Christ; relating to Christ, or to his doctrines, precepts and example; as christian profession and practice.", "4. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as courts Christian.", "CHRISTIAN, v.t. To baptize."], "christianism": ["CHRISTIANISM, n.", "1. The Christian religion.", "2. The nations professing Christianity."], "chronicle": ["CHRONICLE, n. See Chronic.", "1. A historical account of facts or events disposed in the order of time. It is nearly synonymous with annals. In general, this species of writing is more strictly confined to chronological order, and is less diffuse than the form of writing called history.", "2. In a more general sense, a history.", "3. That which contains history.", "Europe - her very ruins tell the history of times gone by, and every moldering stone is a chronicle.", "4. Chronicles, plu. Two books of the Old Testament.", "CHRONICLE, v.t. To record in history, or chronicle; to record; to register."], "chronicler": ["CHRONICLER, n. A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; a historian."], "chrysolite": ["CHRYSOLITE, n. A mineral, called by Hauy and Brongniart, peridote and by Jameson, prismatic chrysolite. Its prevailing color is some shade of green. It is harder than glass, but less hard than quartz; often transparent, sometimes only translucent. It occurs sometimes in crystals, sometimes in small amorphous masses or grains, and sometimes in rolled pieces."], "chub": ["CHUB, n. A river fish, called also cheven, of the genus Cyprinus. The body is oblong, nearly round; the head and back, green; the sides silvery, and the belly white. It frequents deep holes in rivers shaded by trees; but in warm weather floats near the surface, and furnishes sport for anglers. It is indifferent food."], "church": ["CHURCH, n.", "1. A house consecrated to the worship of God, among Christians; the Lords house. This seems to be the original meaning of the word. The Greek, to call out or call together, denotes an assembly or collection. But, Lord, a term applied by the early Christians to Jesus Christ; and the house in which they worshipped was named from the title. So church goods, bona ecclesiastica; the Lords day, dies dominica.", "2. The collective body of Christians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ, and acknowledge him to be the Savior of mankind. In this sense, the church is sometimes called the Catholic or Universal Church.", "3. A particular number of christens, united under one form of ecclesiastical government, in one creed, and using the same ritual and ceremonies; as the English church; the Gallican church; the Presbyterian church; the Romish church; the Greek church.", "4. The followers of Christ in a particular city or province; as the church of Ephesus, or of Antioch.", "5. The disciples of Christ assembled for worship in a particular place, as in a private house. Col. 4.", "6. The worshipers of Jehovah or the true God, before the advent of Christ; as the Jewish church.", "7. The body of clergy, or ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. Hence, ecclesiastical authority.", "8. An assembly of sacred rulers convened in Christs name to execute his laws.", "9. The collective body of Christians, who have made a public profession of the Christian religion, and who are untied under the same pastor; in distinction from those who belong to the same parish, or ecclesiastical society, but have made no profession of their faith.", "CHURCH, v.t. To perform with any one the office of returning thanks in the church, after any signal deliverance, as from the dangers of childbirth."], "churching": ["CHURCHING, n. The act of offering thanks in church after childbirth."], "churl": ["CHURL, n.", "1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man.", "2. A rustic; a countryman, or laborer.", "3. A miser; a niggard. Is. 32."], "churlish": ["CHURLISH, a.", "1. Rude; surly; austere; sullen; rough in temper; unfeeling; uncivil.", "2. Selfish; narrow-minded; avaricious.", "3. Of things. Unpliant; unyielding; cross-grained; harsh; unmanageable; as churlish metal.", "4. Hard; firm; as a churlish knot.", "5. Obstinate; as a churlish war."], "churlishness": ["CHURLISHNESS, n. Rudeness of manners or temper, but generally the word refers to the temper or disposition of mind; sullenness; austerity; indisposition to kindness or courtesy."], "churn": ["CHURN, n. A vessel in which cream or milk is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous and serous parts, to make butter.", "CHURN, v.t.", "1. To stir or agitate cream for making butter.", "2. To shake or agitate with violence or continued motion, as in the operation of making butter."], "churned": ["CHURNED, pp. Agitated; made into butter."], "churning": ["CHURNING, ppr. Agitating to make butter; shaking; stirring.", "CHURNING, n.", "1. The operation of making butter from cream by agitation; a shaking or stirring.", "2. As much butter as is made at one operation."], "cinnamon": ["CINNAMON, n. The bark of two species of Laurus. The true cinnamon is the inner bark of the Laurus Cinnamomum, a native of Ceylon. The base cinnamon is from the Laurus Cassia. The true cinnamon is a most grateful aromatic, of a fragrant smell, moderately pungent taste, accompanied with some degree of sweetness and astringency. It is one of the best cordial, carminative and restorative spices. The essential oil is of great price.", "Cinnamon stone, called by Hauy, Essonite, is a rare mineral from Ceylon, of a hyacinth red color, yellowish brown or honey yellow; sometimes used in jewelry.", "Cinnamon-water, is made by distilling the bark, first infused in barley water, in spirit of wine, brandy or white wine.", "Clove-cinnamon, is the bark of a tree growing in Brazil, which is often substituted for real cloves.", "White-cinnamon, or Winters bark, is the bark of a tree, growing in the West Indies, of a sharp biting taste, like pepper."], "circle": ["CIRCLE, n.", "1. In geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve line, called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point called the center. Of course all lines drawn from the center to the circumference or periphery, are equal to each other.", "2. In popular use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane or surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid matter of a round substance, are denominated a circle; a ring; an orb; the earth.", "3. Compass; circuit; as the circle of the forest.", "4. An assembly surrounding the principal person. Hence, any company, or assembly; as a circle of friends, or of beauties. Hence the word came to signify indefinitely a number of persons of a particular character, whether associated or not; as a political circle; the circle of ones acquaintance; having however reference to a primary association.", "5. A series ending where it begins, and perpetually repeated; a going round.", "Thus in a circle runs the peasants pain.", "6. Circumlocution; indirect form of words.", "7. In logic, an inconclusive form of argument, when the same terms are proved in orbem by the same terms, and the parts of the syllogism alternately by each other, directly and indirectly; or when the foregoing proposition is proved by the following, and the following is inferred from the foregoing; as, that heavy bodies descend by gravity, and that gravity is a quality by which a heavy body descends.", "8. Circles of the sphere, are such as cut the mundane sphere, and have their periphery either on its movable surface, as the meridians; or in another immovable, conterminous and equidistant surface, as the ecliptic, equator, and its parallels.", "9. Circles of altitude or almucantars, are circles parallel to the horizon, having their common pole in the zenith, and diminishing as they approach the zenith.", "10. Circles of latitude, are great circles perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing through its poles and through every star and planet.", "11. Circles of longitude, are lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic, diminishing as they recede from it.", "12. Circle of perpetual apparition, one of the lesser circles, parallel to the equator, described by any point of the sphere touching the northern point of the horizon, and carried about with the diurnal motion. The stars within this circle never set.", "13. Circle of perpetual occultation, another lesser circle at a like distance from the equator, which includes all the stars which never appear in our hemisphere.", "14. Diurnal circles, are immovable circles supposed to be described by the several stars and other points in the heavens, in their diurnal rotation round the earth, or rather in the rotation of the earth round its axis.", "15. Horary circles, in dialing, are the lines which show the hours on dials.", "16. Circles of the empire, the provinces or principalities of the German empire, which have a right to be present at the diets. Maximilian I. divided the empire into six circles at first, and afterwards into ten; Austria, Burgundy, Lower Rhine, Bavaria, Upper Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Upper Rhine, Westphalia, and Lower Saxony.", "17. Druidical circles, in British Topography, are certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly arranged; as Stone-henge near Salisbury.", "CIRCLE, v.t.", "1. To move round; to revolve round.", "And other planets circle other suns.", "2. To encircle; to encompass; to surround; to inclose.", "3. To circle in, to confine; to keep together.", "CIRCLE, v.i. To move circularly; as, the bowl circles; the circling years."], "circled": ["CIRCLED, pp. Surrounded; encompassed; inclosed.", "CIRCLED, a. Having the form of a circle; round; as the moons circled orb."], "circling": ["CIRCLING, ppr. Surrounding; going round; inclosing.", "CIRCLING, a. Circular; round."], "circuit": ["CIRCUIT, n.", "1. The act of moving or passing round; as the periodical circuit of the earth round the sun, or of the moon round the earth."], "circuiteer": ["CIRCUITEER, n. One that travels a circuit."], "circuition": ["CIRCUITION, n. The act of going round; compass; circumlocution."], "circuitous": ["CIRCUITOUS, a. Going round in a circuit; not direct; as a circuitous road or course."], "circuitously": ["CIRCUITOUSLY, adv. In a circuit."], "circumcise": ["CIRCUMCISE, v.t. To cut off the prepuce or foreskin of males; a ceremony or rite in the Jewish and Mohammedan religions. The word is applied also to a practice among some nations of performing a like operation upon females."], "circumciser": ["CIRCUMCISER, n. The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin."], "circumspect": ["CIRCUMSPECT, a. Literally, looking on all sides; looking round. Hence,", "Cautious; prudent; watchful on all sides; examining carefully all the circumstances that may affect a determination, or a measure to be adopted."], "circumspection": ["CIRCUMSPECTION, n. Caution; attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case, and to the natural or probable consequences of a measure, with a view to a correct course of conduct, or to avoid danger."], "circumspective": ["CIRCUMSPECTIVE, a. Looking round every way; cautious; careful of consequences; watchful of danger."], "circumspectively": ["CIRCUMSPECTIVELY, adv. Cautiously; vigilantly; heedfully; with watchfulness to guard against danger."], "circumspectness": ["CIRCUMSPECTNESS, n. Caution; circumspection; vigilance in guarding against evil from every quarter."], "circumspectly": ["CIRCUMSPECTLY, adv. Cautiously; with watchfulness every way; with attention to guard against surprise or danger."], "cistern": ["CISTERN, n.", "1. An artificial reservoir or receptacle for holding water, beer or other liquor, as in domestic uses, distilleries, and breweries.", "2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water; as a fountain or lake."], "citied": ["CITIED, a. Belonging to a city."], "city": ["CITY, n.", "1. In a general sense, a large town; a large number of houses and inhabitants, established in one place.", "2. In a more appropriate sense, a corporate town; a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by particular officers, as a mayor and aldermen. This is the sense of the word in the United States. In Great Britain, a city is said to be a town corporate that has a bishop and a cathedral church; but this is not always the fact.", "3. The collective body of citizens, or the inhabitants of a city; as when we say, the city voted to establish a market, and the city repealed the vote.", "CITY, a. Pertaining to a city; as city wives; a city feast; city manners."], "citizen": ["CITIZEN, n.", "1. The native of a city, or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privileges of the city in which he resides; the freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises.", "2. A townsman; a man of trade; not a gentleman.", "3. An inhabitant; a dweller in any city, town or place.", "4. In general sense, a native or permanent resident in a city or country; as the citizens of London or Philadelphia; the citizens of the United States.", "5. In the United States, a person, native or naturalized, who has the privilege of exercising the elective franchise, or the qualifications which enable him to vote for rulers, and to purchase and hold real estate.", "If the citizens of the United States should not be free and happy, the fault will be entirely their own.", "CITIZEN, a. Having the qualities of a citizen."], "citizenize": ["CITIZENIZE, v.t. To make a citizen; to admit to the rights and privileges of a citizen.", "Talleyrand was citizenized in Pennsylvania, when there in the form of an emigrant."], "clad": ["CLAD, pp. See Clothe. Clothed; invested; covered as with a garment.", "Jeroboam had clad himself with a new garment. 1 Kings 11.", "The fields are clad in cheerful green."], "clamor": ["CLAMOR, n.", "1. A great outcry; noise; exclamation; vociferation, made by a loud human voice continued or repeated, or by a multitude of voices. It often expresses complaint and urgent demand.", "2. Figuratively, loud and continued noise, as of a river or other inanimate things.", "CLAMOR, v.t. To stun with noise.", "To clamor bells, is to multiply the strokes.", "CLAMOR, v.i. To utter loud sounds, or outcries; to talk loud; to utter loud voices repeatedly; to vociferate, as an individual; to utter loud voices, as a multitude; to complain; to make importunate demands.", "Those who most loudly clamor for liberty do not most liberally grant it.", "Glamor your tongues in Shakespeare, if intended to mean, stop from noise, is not English. Perhaps the word was clam, or intended for a derivative."], "clamorer": ["CLAMORER, n. One who clamors."], "clamoring": ["CLAMORING, ppr. Uttering and repeating loud words; making a great and continued noise; particularly in complaint or importunate demands."], "clamorous": ["CLAMOROUS, a. Speaking and repeating loud words; noisy; vociferous; loud; turbulent."], "clamorously": ["CLAMOROUSLY, adv. With loud noise, or words."], "clamorousness": ["CLAMOROUSNESS, n. The state or quality of being loud or noisy."], "clap": ["CLAP, v.t.", "1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to make a noise by the collision; to strike with something broad, or having a flat surface; as, to clap the hands; to clap the wings.", "2. To thrust or drive together; to shut hastily; followed by to; as, to clap to the door or gate.", "3. To thrust or drive together; to put one thing to another by a hasty or sudden motion; followed by to, on or in; as, to clap the hand to the mouth; to clap spurs to a horse; to clap on a saddle.", "4. To thrust; to put, place or send; followed by in, into, under, over, &c.; as, to clap one under the hatches; to clap one into Bedlam; to clap a board over a pit.", "5. To applaud; to manifest approbation or praise by striking the hands together; as, to clap a performance on the stage.", "6. To infect with venereal poison.", "To clap up, to make or complete hastily; as, to clap up a peace.", "To imprison hastily, or with little delay.", "CLAP, v.i.", "1. To move or drive together suddenly with noise.", "The doors around me clapt.", "2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness; to drive or thrust on; as we say to reapers or mowers, clap in, or clap to, that is, enter on the work, begin without delay, begin briskly.", "3. To strike the hands together in applause.", "Bid them clap.", "CLAP, n.", "1. A driving together; a thrust and collision of bodies with noise, usually bodies with broad surfaces.", "Give the door a clap.", "2. A sudden act or motion; a thrust.", "Pay all debts at one clap.", "3. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion; as a clap of thunder.", "4. An act of applause; a striking of hands to express approbation.", "5. A venereal infection.", "6. With falconers, the nether part of the beak of a hawk."], "clapped": ["CLAPPED, pp. Thrust or put on or together; applauded by striking the hands together; infected with the venereal disease."], "clapping": ["CLAPPING, ppr. Driving or putting on, in, over, or under, by a sudden motion; striking the hands together."], "clave": ["CLAVE, pret. Of cleave."], "claw": ["CLAW, n.", "1. The sharp hooked nail of a beast, bird or other animal.", "Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud--ye shall eat. Deut. 14.", "His nails were grown like birds claws. Dan. 4.", "2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked nails.", "3. The hand, in contempt.", "CLAW, v.t.", "1. To pull, tear or scratch with the nails.", "2. To scratch or tear in general; to tickle.", "3. To flatter.", "To claw off or away,", "1. To scold or rail at.", "2. In seamanship, to turn to windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.", "3. In vulgar language, to scratch away; to get off or escape."], "clawed": ["CLAWED, pp.", "1. Scratched, pulled or torn with claws.", "2. a. Furnished with claws."], "clawing": ["CLAWING, ppr. Pulling, tearing or scratching with claws or nails."], "clay": ["CLAY, n.", "1. The name of certain substances which are mixtures of silex and alumin, sometimes with lime, magnesia, alkali and metallic oxyds. A species of earths which are firmly coherent, weighty, compact, and hard when dry, but stiff, viscid and ductile when moist, and smooth to the touch; not readily diffusible in water, and when mixed, not readily subsiding in it. They contract by heat. Clays absorb water greedily, and become soft, but are so tenacious as to be molded into any shape, and hence they are the materials of bricks and various vessels, domestic and chimical.", "2. In poetry and in scripture, earth in general.", "3. In scripture, clay is used to express frailty, liableness to decay and destruction.", "They that dwell in houses of clay. Job. 4.", "CLAY, v.t.", "1. To cover or manure with clay.", "2. To purify and whiten with clay, as sugar."], "clayed": ["CLAYED, pp.", "1. Covered or manured with clay.", "2. Purified and whitened with clay; as clayed sugar."], "clean": ["CLEAN, a. In a general sense, free from extraneous matter, or whatever is injurious or offensive; hence its signification depends on the nature and qualities of the substances to which it is applied.", "1. Free from dirt, or other foul matter; as clean water; a clean cup; a clean floor.", "2. Free from weeds or stones; as clean land; a clean garden or field.", "3. Free from knots or branches; as clean timber. In America, clear is generally used.", "4. Free from moral impurity; innocent.", "Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? Job 14. Acts 18.", "5. Free from ceremonial defilement. Lev. 10; Numb. 19.", "6. Free from guilt; sanctified; holy. John 13. Ps 51.", "7. That might be eaten by the Hebrews. Gen. 7; Gen. 8.", "8. That might be used. Luke 11.", "9. Free from a foul disease; cured of leprosy. 2 Kings 5. Math. 8.", "10. Dextrous; adroit; not bungling; free from awkwardness; as a clean feat; a clean boxer.", "11. Free from infection; as a clean ship. A clean bill of health is a certificate that a ship is clean, or free from infection.", "CLEAN, adv.", "1. Quite; perfectly; wholly; entirely; fully; indicating separation or complete removal of every part. The people passed clean over Jordan. Josh. 3. Is his mercy clean gone forever? Ps. 77. This use of clean is not now elegant, and not used except in vulgar language.", "2. Without miscarriage; dextrously.", "Pope came off clean with Homer.", "CLEAN, v.t. To remove all foreign matter from; to separate from any thing whatever is extraneous to it, or whatever is foul, noxious, or offensive, as dirt or filth from the hands, body or clothes, foul matter from a vessel, weeds, shrubs and stones from a meadow; to purify. Thus, a house is cleaned by sweeping and washing; a field is cleaned by plowing and hoeing."], "cleanness": ["CLEANNESS, n.", "1. Freedom from dirt, filth, and foreign matter; neatness.", "2. Freedom from infection or a foul disease.", "3. Exactness; purity; justness; correctness; used of language or style; as, cleanness of expression.", "4. Purity; innocence.", "In scripture, cleanness of hands denotes innocence. Cleanness of teeth denotes want of provisions. Amos 4:6."], "cleanse": ["CLEANSE, v.t.", "1. To purify; to make clean; to remove filth, or foul matter of any kind, or by any process whateve, as by washing, rubbing, scouring, scraping, purging, ventilation, &c.; as, to cleanse the hands or face to cleanse a garment; to cleanse the bowels; to cleanse a ship; to cleanse an infected house.", "2. To free from a foul or infectious disease; to heal. Lev. 14:4, 8; Mark 1:42.", "3. To free from ceremonial pollution, and consecrate to a holy use. Numb. 8:15; Exek. 43:20.", "4. To purify from guilt. 1 John 1:7.", "5. To remove; as, to cleanse a crime."], "cleansed": ["CLEANSED, pp. Purified; made clean; purged; healed."], "cleansing": ["CLEANSING, pp. Purifying; making clean; purging; removing foul or noxious matter from; freeing from guilt.", "CLEANSING, n. The act of purifying, or purging. Mark 1:44; Luke 5:14."], "clear": ["CLEAR, a.", "1. Open; free from obstruction; as a clear plat of ground; the way is clear.", "2. Free from clouds, or fog; serene; as a clear day.", "3. Free from foreign matter; unmixed; pure; as clear water; clear sand; clear air; clear glass.", "4. Free from any thing that creates doubt or uncertainty; apparent; evident; manifest; not obscure; conspicuous; that is, open to the mind; as, the reason is clear.", "5. Unclouded; luminous; not obscured; as a clear sun; a clear shining after a rain. 2 Sam. 23.", "6. Unobstructed; unobscured; as a clear view.", "7. Perspicacious; sharp; as a clear sight.", "8. Not clouded with care, or ruffled by passion; cheerful; serene; as a clear aspect.", "9. Evident; undeniable; indisputable; as the victory was clear.", "10. Quick to understand; prompt; acute.", "Mother of science, now I feel thy power within me clear.", "11. Free from guilt or blame; innocent; unspotted; irreproachable. 2 Cor. 7.", "In action faithful, and in honor clear.", "12. Free from bias; unprepossessed; not preoccupied; impartial; as a clear judgment.", "13. Free from debt, or obligation; not liable to prosecution; as, to be clear of debt or responsibility.", "14. Free from deductions, or charges; as clear gain or profit.", "15. Not entangled; unembarrassed; free; as, the cable is clear. A ship is clear, when she is so remote from shore or other object, as to be out of danger of striking, or to have sea room sufficient.", "16. Open; distinct; not jarring, or harsh; as a clear sound; a clear voice.", "17. Liberated; freed; acquitted of charges; as, a man has been tried and got clear.", "18. Free from spots or any thing that disfigures; as a clear skin.", "Clear is followed by from or by of.", "Thou shalt be clear from this my oath. Gen. 24.", "The air is clear of damp exhalations.", "CLEAR, adv.", "1. Plainly; not obscurely; manifestly.", "2. Clean; quite; entirely; wholly; indicating entire separation; as, to cut a piece clear off; to go clear away; but in this sense its use is not elegant.", "Clear or in the clear, among joiners and carpenters, denotes the space within walls, or length and breadth clear or exclusive of the thickness of the wall.", "CLEAR, v.t.", "1. To make clear; to fine; to remove any thing foreign; to separate from any foul matter; to purify; to clarify; as, to clear liquors.", "2. To free from obstructions; as, to clear the road.", "3. To free from any thing noxious or injurious; as, to clear the ocean of pirates; to clear the land of enemies.", "4. To remove any incumbrance, or embarrassment; often followed by off or away; as, to clear off debts; to clear away rubbish.", "5. To free; to liberate, or disengage; to exonerate; as, to clear a man from debt, obligation, or duty.", "6. To cleanse; as, to clear the hands from filth; to clear the bowels.", "7. To remove any thing that obscures, as clouds or fog; to make bright; as, to clear the sky; sometimes followed by up.", "8. To free from obscurity, perplexity or ambiguity; as, to clear a question or theory; to clear up a case or point.", "9. To urge from the imputation of guilt; to justify or vindicate.", "How shall we clear ourselves? Gen. 44.", "That will by no means clear the guilty. Ex. 34.", "10. In a legal sense, to acquit on trial, by verdict; as, the prisoner has been tried and cleared.", "11. To make gain or profit, beyond all expenses and charges; as, to clear ten percent by a sale of goods, or by a voyage.", "12. To remove wood from land. To cut down trees, remove or burn them, and prepare land for tillage or pasture; as, to clear land for wheat.", "CLEAR, v.i.", "1. To become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; often followed by up, off, or away; as, the sky clears; the weather clears up; it clears away; it clears off.", "2. To be disengaged from incumbrances, distress or entanglements; to become free or disengaged.", "He that clears at once will relapse."], "cleared": ["CLEARED, pp. Purified; freed from foreign matter, or from incumbrance; made manifest; made luminous; cleansed; liberated; acquitted."], "clearing": ["CLEARING, ppr. Purifying; removing foul matter, incumbrances, or obstructions; making evident, or luminous; cleansing; liberating; disengaging; acquitting; making gain beyond all costs and charges.", "CLEARING, n.", "1. A defense; justification; vindication. 2 Cor. 7.", "2. A place or tract of land cleared of wood for cultivation; a common use of the word in America.", "3. The act of making clear."], "clearness": ["CLEARNESS, n.", "1. Freedom from foul or extraneous matter; purity; as the clearness of water, or other liquor.", "2. Freedom from obstruction or incumbrance; as the clearness of the ground.", "3. Freedom from fogs or clouds; openness; as the clearness of the sky. It generally expresses less than brightness or splendor. Ex. 24.", "4. Distinctness; perspicuity; luminousness; as the clearness of reason, of views, of arguments, of explanations.", "5. Plainness, or plain dealing; sincerity; honesty; fairness; candor.", "6. Freedom from imputation of ill.", "7. Freedom from spots, or any thing that disfigures; as the clearness of the skin."], "clearer": ["CLEARER, n. That which clears, purifies, or enlightens; that which brightens."], "clearly": ["CLEARLY, adv.", "1. Plainly; evidently; fully; as, the fact is clearly proved.", "2. Without obstruction; luminously; as, to shine clearly.", "3. With clear discernment; as, to understand clearly.", "4. Without entanglement, or confusion.", "5. Plainly; honestly; candidly.", "Deal clearly and impartially with yourselves.", "6. Without reserve, evasion or subterfuge."], "cleave": ["CLEAVE, v.i.", "1. To stick; to adhere; to hold to.", "My bones cleave to my skin. Ps. 102.", "Let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth. Ps. 137.", "Cleave to that which is good. Rom. 12.", "2. To unite aptly; to fit; to sit well on.", "3. To unite or be united closely in interest or affection; to adhere with strong attachment.", "A man shall leave father and mother, and cleave to his wife. Gen. 2. Math. 19.", "Cleave to Jehovah your God. Josh. 23.", "CLEAVE, v.t.", "1. To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to open or serve the cohering parts of a body, by cutting or by the application of force; as, to cleave wood; to cleave a rock; to cleave the flood. Ps. 74.", "2. To part or open naturally.", "Every beast that cleaveth the cleft into two claws. Deut. 14.", "CLEAVE, v.i. To part; to open; to crack; to separate, as parts of cohering bodies; as, the ground cleaves by frost.", "The mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst thereof. Zech. 14."], "cleaved": ["CLEAVED, pp. Split; rived; divided."], "cleaving": ["CLEAVING, ppr. Sticking; adhering; uniting to. Also, splitting; dividing; riving."], "cleft": ["CLEFT, pp. of cleave. Divided; split; parted asunder.", "CLEFT, n.", "1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a crevice; as the cleft of a rock. Is. 2:21.", "2. A disease in horses; a crack on the bought of the pastern.", "3. A piece made by splitting; as a cleft of wood."], "clemency": ["CLEMENCY, n.", "1. Mildness; softness; as the clemency of the air.", "2. Mildness of temper; gentleness or lenity of disposition; disposition to treat with favor and kindness.", "I pray thee that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words. Acts 24.", "3. Mercy; disposition to treat with lenity, to forgive or to spare, as offenders; tenderness in punishing; opposed to severity, harshness, or rigor."], "clement": ["CLEMENT, a. Mild in temper and disposition; gentle; lenient; merciful; kind; tender; compassionate."], "clemently": ["CLEMENTLY, adv. With mildness of temper; mercifully."], "cliff": ["CLIFF, in music. See Clef."], "clifted": ["CLIFTED, a. Broken."], "climb": ["CLIMB, v.i.", "1. To creep up by little and little, or step by step; to mount or ascend, by means of the hands and feet; to rise on any fixed object, by seizing it with the hands and lifting the body, and by thrusting with the feet; as, to climb a tree or a precipice.", "And he ran before and climbed up into a sycamore tree. Luke 19.", "2. To mount or ascend with labor and difficulty.", "3. To rise or ascend with a slow motion.", "Black vapors climb aloft.", "CLIMB, v.t.", "1. To ascend by means of the hands and feet, implying labor, difficulty and slow progress; as, to climb a wall, or a steep mountain.", "2. To mount or ascend, with labor or a slow motion; as, to climb the ascents of fame."], "climbed": ["CLIMBED, pp.", "1. One who climbs, mounts or rises, by the hands and feet; one who rises by labor or effort.", "2. A plant that creeps and rises on some support."], "climbing": ["CLIMBING, ppr. Ascending by the use of the hands and feet; ascending with difficulty.", "CLIMBING, n. The act of ascending."], "clip": ["CLIP, v.t.", "1. To cut off with shears or scissors; to separate by a sudden stroke; especially to cut off the ends or sides of a thing, to make it shorter or narrower, in distinction from shaving and paring, which are performed by rubbing the instrument close to the thing shaved; as, to clip the hair; to clip wings.", "But love had clipped his wings and cut him short.", "2. To diminish coin by paring the edge.", "3. To curtail; to cut short.", "4. To confine, limit, restrain, or hold; to hug.", "To clip it, is a vulgar phrase in New England for to run with speed. So cut issued; cut on, run fast. This seems to be the meaning in Dryden.", "Some falcon stoops at what her eye designed,", "And with her eagerness the quarry missed,", "Straight flies at check, and clips it down the wind.", "This sense would seem to be allied to that of leap.", "CLIP, n.", "1. A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he hit him a clip.", "2. An embrace; that is, a throwing the arms round."], "clipped": ["CLIPPED, CLIPT, pp. Cut off; cut short; curtailed; diminished by paring."], "clipping": ["CLIPPING, ppr. Cutting off or shortening with shears or scissors; diminishing coin by paring off the edges; curtailing.", "CLIPPING, n.", "1. The act of cutting off, curtailing or diminishing.", "2. That which is clipped off; a piece separated by clipping."], "clod": ["CLOD, n.", "1. A hard lump of earth, of any kind; a mass of earth cohering.", "2. A lump or mass of metal.", "3. Turf; the ground.", "4. That which is earthy, base and vile, as the body of man compared to his soul.", "5. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt.", "6. Any thing concreted.", "CLOD, v.i. To collect into concretions, or a thick mass; to coagulate; as clodded gore.", "See Clot, which is more generally used.", "CLOD, v.t. To pelt with clods."], "cloke": ["CLOKE, n.", "1. A loose outer garment worn over other clothes both by men and women.", "He was clad with zeal as a cloke. Is. 59.", "2. A cover; that which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an excuse; a fair pretense.", "Not using your liberty for a cloke of maliciousness. 1 Peter 2.", "They have no cloke for their sin. John 15.", "CLOKE, v.t.", "1. To cover with a cloke.", "2. To hide; to conceal; to use a false covering."], "cloked": ["CLOKED, pp. Covered with a cloke; concealed under a cover."], "cloking": ["CLOKING, ppr. Covering with a cloke; hiding under an external covering."], "close": ["CLOSE, v.t.", "1. To shut; to make fast, by pressing together, or by stopping an open place, so as to intercept a passage, in almost any manner; as, to close the eyes; to close a gate, door or window. In these and other cases, closing is performed by bringing an object before the opening. To close a book, is to bring the parts together.", "The Lord hath closed your eyes. Is. 29.", "He closed the book. Luke 4.", "2. To end; to finish; to conclude; to complete; to bring to a period; as, to close a bargain, or contract.", "One frugal supper did our studies close.", "3. To unite, as the parts of a breach or fracture; to make whole; to consolidate; often followed by up.", "The Lord closed up the flesh instead thereof. Gen. 2.", "4. To cover; to inclose; to encompass; to overwhelm.", "The depths closed me round about. Jonah 2.", "5. To inclose; to confine. See Inclose.", "6. To move or bring together; to unite separate bodies or parts; as, to close the ranks of an army.", "CLOSE, v.i. s as z.", "1. To unite; to coalesce; to come together; as the parts of a wound or fracture, or parts separated; often followed by on or upon.", "The fat closed upon the blade. Judges 3.", "The earth closed upon them. Num. 16.", "2. To end; to terminate, or come to a period; as, the debate closed at six oclock.", "To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement; to agree on or join in.", "France and Holland might close upon some measures to our disadvantage.", "To close with, to accede to; to consent or agree to; as, to close with the terms proposed. When followed by the person with whom an agreement is made, to make an agreement with; to unite with; as, to close with an enemy.", "He took the time when Richard was deposed,", "And high and low with happy Harry closed.", "In this sense, to close in with is less elegant.", "To close with,", "To close in with, To unite; to join closely; to grapple, as persons in a contest; applied to wrestlers, when they come to close embrace for scuffling.", "CLOSE, a.", "1. Shut fast; tight; made fast, so as to have no opening; as a close box; a close vizard.", "2. Having parts firmly united; compact; dense; applied to solid substances of any king; as the close texture of wood or metal.", "3. Having parts firmly adhering; viscous; tenacious; as oil, or glue.", "4. Confined; stagnant; without ventilation or motion; as close air.", "5. Confined; retired.", "While David kept himself close. 1 Chron. 12.", "6. Hid; private; secret; as, to keep a purpose close. Numb. 5. Luke 9.", "7. Confined within narrow limits; narrow; as a close alley.", "8. Near; within a small distance; as a close fight or action.", "9. Joined; in contact or nearly so; crowded; as, to sit close.", "10. Compressed, as thoughts or words; hence, brief; concise; opposed to loose or diffuse.", "Where the original is close, no version can reach it in the same compass.", "11. Very near, in place or time; adjoining, or nearly so.", "I saw him come close to the ram. Dan. 8.", "They sailed close by Crete. Acts 27.", "Some dire misfortune follows close behind.", "12. Having the quality of keeping secrets, thoughts or designs; cautious; as a close minister. Hence in friendship, trusty; confidential", "13. Having an appearance of concealment; implying art, craft or wariness; as a close aspect.", "14. Intent; fixed; attentive; pressing upon the object; as, to give close attention.", "Keep your mind or thoughts close to the business or subject.", "15. Full to the point; home; pressing; as a close argument; bring the argument close to the question.", "16. Pressing; earnest; warm; as a close debate.", "17. Confined; secluded from communication; as a close prisoner.", "18. Covetous; penurious; not liberal; as a close man.", "19. Applied to the weather or air, close, in popular language, denotes warm and damp, cloudy or foggy, or warm and relaxing, occasioning a sense of lassitude and depression. Perhaps originally, confined air.", "20. Strictly adhering to the original; as a close translation.", "21. In heraldry, drawn in a coat of arms with the wings close, and in a standing posture.", "Close communion, with baptists, communion in the Lords supper with their own sect only.", "Close election, an election in which the votes for different candidates are nearly equal.", "CLOSE, adv. Closely; nearly; densely; secretly; pressingly.", "Behind her death close followed, pace for pace."], "closed": ["CLOSED, pp. Shut; made fast; ended; concluded."], "closely": ["CLOSELY, adv.", "1. In a close, compact manner; with the parts united, or pressed together, so as to leave no vent; as a crucible closely luted.", "2. Nearly; with little space intervening; applied to space or time; as, to follow closely at ones heels; one event follows closely upon another.", "3. Intently; attentively; with the mind or thoughts fixed; with near inspection; as, to look or attend closely.", "4. Secretly; slyly.", "5. With near affection, attachment or interest; intimately; as, men closely connected in friendship; nations closely allied by treaty.", "6. Strictly; within close limits; without communication abroad; as a prisoner closely confined.", "7. With strict adherence to the original; as, to translate closely."], "closeness": ["CLOSENESS, n.", "1. The state of being shut, pressed together, or united. Hence according to the nature of the thing to which the word is applied.", "2. Compactness; solidity; as the closeness of texture in wood or fossils.", "3. Narrowness; straitness; as of a place.", "4. Tightness in building, or in apartments; firmness of texture in cloth, &c.", "5. Want of ventilation; applied to a close room, or to the air confined in it.", "6. Confinement or retirement of a person; recluseness; solitude.", "7. Reserve in intercourse; secrecy; privacy; caution.", "8. Covetousness; penuriousness.", "9. Connection; near union; intimacy, whether of friendship, or of interest; as the closeness of friendship, or of alliance.", "10. Pressure; urgency; variously applied; as the closeness of an agreement, or of debate; the closeness of a question or inquiry.", "11. Adherence to an original; as the closeness of a version."], "closest": ["CLOSEST, a. superl. of close. Most close. In these words, s has its proper sound."], "closing": ["CLOSING, ppr. s as z. Shutting; coalescing; agreeing; ending.", "CLOSING, a. s as z. That ends or concludes; as a closing word or letter.", "CLOSING, n. s as z. End; period; conclusion."], "closer": ["CLOSER, n. s as z. A finisher; one who concludes.", "CLOSER, a. comp. of close. More close."], "closet": ["CLOSET, n. s as z.", "1. A small room or apartment for retirement; any room for privacy.", "When thou prayest, inter into thy closet. Mat. 6.", "2. An apartment for curiosities or valuable things.", "3. A small close apartment or recess in the side of a room for repositing utensils and furniture.", "CLOSET, v.t. s as z. To shut up in a closet; to conceal; to take into a private apartment for consultation."], "closeted": ["CLOSETED, pp. s as z. Shut up in a closet; concealed."], "closeting": ["CLOSETING, ppr. s as z. Shutting up in a private room; concealing."], "cloth": ["CLOTH, n.", "1. A manufacture or stuff of wool or hair, or of cotton, flax, hemp or other vegetable filaments, formed by weaving or intertexture of threads, and used for garments or other covering and for various other purposes; as woolen cloth, linen cloth, cotton cloth, hair cloth.", "2. The covering of a table; usually called a tablecloth.", "3. The canvas on which pictures are drawn.", "4. A texture or covering put to a particular use; as a cloth of state.", "5. Dress; raiment. See Clothes.", "6. The covering of a bed."], "clothe": ["CLOTHE, v.t. pret. and pp. clothed, or clad. See Cloth.", "1. To put on garments; to invest the body with raiment; to cover with dress, for concealing nakedness and defending the body from cold or injuries.", "The Lord God made coats of skin and clothed them. Gen. 3.", "2. To cover with something ornamental.", "Embroidered purple clothes the golden beds.", "But clothe, without the aid of other words, seldom signifies to adorn. In this example from Pope, it signifies merely to cover.", "3. To furnish with raiment; to provide with clothes; as, a master is to feed and clothe his apprentice.d", "4. To put on; to invest; to cover, as with a garment; as, to clothe thoughts with words.", "I will clothe her priests with salvation. Ps. 132.", "Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. Prov. 23.", "Let them be clothed with shame. Ps. 35.", "5. To invest; to surround; to encompass.", "The Lord is clothed with majesty. Ps. 93.", "Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Ps 104.", "6. To invest; to give to by commission; as, to clothe with power or authority.", "7. To cover or spread over; as, the earth is clothed with verdure.", "CLOTHE, v.i. To wear clothes.", "Care no more to clothe and eat."], "clothed": ["CLOTHED, pp. Covered with garments; dressed; invested; furnished with clothing."], "clothes": ["CLOTHES, n. plu. Of cloth; pronounced cloze.", "1. Garments for the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; a general term for whatever covering is worn, or made to be worn, for decency or comfort.", "If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be whole. Mark 5.", "2. The covering of a bed; bed-clothes."], "clothing": ["CLOTHING, ppr. Covering with or putting on vestments of any kind; providing with garments; investing; covering.", "CLOTHING, n.", "1. Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment; covering.", "As for me--my clothing was sackcloth. Ps. 35.", "2. The art or practice of making cloth.", "The king took measures to instruct the refugees from Flanders in the art of clothing."], "cloud": ["CLOUD, n. I have not found this word in any other language. The sense is obvious--a collection.", "1. A collection f visible vapor, or watery particles, suspended in the atmosphere, at some altitude. A like collection of vapors near the earth is usually called fog.", "I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. 9.", "Behold, a white cloud. Rev. 14.", "2. A state of obscurity or darkness.", "3. A collection of smoke, or a dense collection of dust, rising or floating in the air; as a cloud of dust.", "A cloud of incense. Ezek. 8.", "4. The dark or varied colors, in veins or spots, on stones or other bodies, are called clouds.", "5. A great multitude; a vast collection.", "Seeing we are encompassed with so great a cloud of witnesses. Heb. 12.", "CLOUD, v.t. To overspread with a cloud or clouds; as, the sky is clouded; clouds intercept the rays of the sun. Hence,", "2. To obscure; to darken; as, to cloud the day, or truth, or reason.", "3. To darken in veins or spots; to variegate with colors; as clouded marble.", "4. To make of a gloomy aspect; to give the appearance of sullenness.", "What sullen fury clouds his scornful brow.", "5. To sully; to tarnish.", "CLOUD, v.i. To grow cloudy; to become obscure with clouds; sometimes followed by over; as, the sky clouds over."], "clouded": ["CLOUDED, pp. Overcast; overspread with clouds; obscured; darkened; rendered gloomy or sullen; variegated with colored spots or veins."], "clouding": ["CLOUDING, ppr. Overspreading with clouds; obscuring; giving an appearance of gloom or sullenness."], "cloudiness": ["CLOUDINESS, n.", "1. The state of being overcast with clouds; as the cloudiness of the atmosphere.", "2. Obscurity; gloom; want of brightness.", "3. Darkness of appearance; variegation of colors in a fossil or other body.", "4. Appearance of gloom or sullenness; as cloudiness of aspect."], "cloudy": ["CLOUDY, a.", "1. Overcast with clouds; obscured with clouds; as a cloudy day; a cloudy sky; a cloudy night.", "2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds; as a cloudy pillar. Ex. 33:9.", "3. Obscure; dark; not easily understood; as cloudy and confused notions.", "4. Having the appearance of gloom; indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or illnature; not open or cheerful; as cloudy looks.", "5. Indicating gloom or sullenness; as cloudy wrath.", "6. Marked with veins or spots of dark or various hues, as marble.", "7. Not bright; as a cloudy diamond."], "clout": ["CLOUT, n.", "1. A patch; a piece of cloth or leather, &c., to close a breach.", "2. A piece of cloth for mean purposes.", "3. A piece of white cloth, for archers to shoot at.", "4. An iron plate on an axle tree, to keep it from wearing.", "5. A small nail", "6. In vulgar language, a blow with the hand.", "CLOUT, v.t.", "1. To patch; to mend by sewing on a piece or patch; as clouted shoon, in Milton. This is the sense as understood by Johnson. Mason understands the word clouted to signify nailed, studded with small nails, from the French clouter, and the following words in Shakespeare, Whose rudeness answered my steps too loud, give some countenance to Masons interpretation. In this case, the verb clout must signify, to nail, or fasten with nails; to stud.", "2. To cover with a piece of cloth.", "3. To join clumsily; as clouted sentences.", "4. To cover or arm with an iron plate.", "5. To strike; to give a blow.", "Clouted cream, in Gay, is evidently a mistake for clotted cream."], "clouted": ["CLOUTED, pp. Patched; mended clumsily; covered with a clout."], "cloven": ["CLOVEN, pp. of cleave. Divided; parted; pronounced clovn."], "cluster": ["CLUSTER, n.", "1. A bunch; a number of things of the same kind growing or joined together; a knot; as a cluster of raisins.", "2. A number of individuals or things collected or gathered into a close body; as a cluster of bees; a cluster of people.", "3. A number of things situated near each other; as a cluster of governments in Italy.", "CLUSTER, v.i.", "1. To grow in clusters; to gather or unite in a bunch, or bunches; as, clustering grapes.", "2. To form into flakes; as, clustering snow.", "3. To collect into flocks or crowds.", "CLUSTER, v.t. To collect into a bunch or close body."], "clustered": ["CLUSTERED, pp. Collected into a cluster, or crowd; crowded."], "clustering": ["CLUSTERING, ppr. Growing in a cluster or in bunches; uniting in a bunch, or in a flock, crowd, or close body."], "coal": ["COAL, n.", "1. A piece of wood, or other combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. When burning or ignited, it is called a live coal, or burning coal, or coal of fire. When the fire is extinct, it is called charcoal.", "2. In the language of chimists, any substance containing oil, which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat without further decomposition.", "3. In mineralogy, a solid, opake, inflammable substance, found in the earth, and by way of distinction called fossil coal. It is divided by recent mineralogists into three species, anthracite or glance coal, black or bituminous coal, and brown coal or lignite; under which are included many varieties, such as cannel coal, bovey coal, jet, &c.", "COAL, v.t.", "1. To burn to coal, or charcoal; to char.", "2. To mark or delineate with charcoal."], "coast": ["COAST, n.", "1. The exterior line, limit or border of a country, as in Scripture. From the river to the uttermost sea shall your coast be. Deut. 11. And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim. Numb. 24. Hence the word may signify the whole country within certain limits. Ex. 10:4.", "2. The edge or margin of the land next to the sea; the sea-shore. This is the more common application of the word; and it seems to be used for sea-coast, the border of the sea. Hence it is never used for the bank of a river.", "3. A side; applied to objects indefinitely, by Bacon and Newton. This is a correct use of the word, but now obsolete.", "4. The country near the sea-shore; as, populous towns along the coast.", "The coast is clear, is a proverbial phrase signifying, the danger is over; the enemies have marched off, or left the coast.", "COAST, v.i.", "1. To sail near a coast; to sail by or near the shore, or in sight of land.", "The ancients coasted only in their navigation.", "2. To sail from port to port in the same country.", "COAST, v.t.", "1. To sail by or near to; as, to coast the American shore.", "2. To draw near; to approach; to follow."], "coasted": ["COASTED, pp. Sailed by."], "coasting": ["COASTING, ppr. Sailing along or near a coast."], "coat": ["COAT, n.", "1. An upper garment, of whatever material it may be made. The word is, in modern times, generally applied to the garment worn by men next over the vest.", "God made coats of skin and clothed them. Gen 3.", "Jacob made Joseph a coat of many colors. Gen. 37.", "He shall put on the holy linen coat. Levit. 16.", "Goliath was armed with a coat of mail. 1 Sam. 17.", "2. A petticoat; a garment worn by infants or young children.", "3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office.", "Men of his coat should be minding their prayers.", "So we say, men of his cloth.", "4. External covering, as the fur or hair of a beast, the skin of serpents, the wool of sheep, &c.", "5. A tunic of the eye; a membrane that serves as a cover; a tegument.", "6. The division or layer of a bulbous root; as the coats of an onion.", "7. A cover; a layer of any substance covering another; as a coat of tar, pitch or varnish; a coat of canvas round a mast; a coat of tin-foil.", "8. That on which ensigns armorial are portrayed; usually called a coat of arms. Anciently knights wore a habit over their arms, reaching as low as the navel, open at the sides, with short sleeves, on which were the armories of the knights, embroidered in gold and silver, and enameled with beaten tin of various colors. This habit was diversified with bands and fillets of several colors, placed alternately, and called devises, as being divided and composed of several pieces sewed together. The representation of these is still called a coat of arms.", "9. A coat of mail is a piece of armor, in form of a shirt, consisting of a net-work of iron rings.", "10. A card; a coat-card is one on which a king, queen or knave is painted.", "COAT, v.t.", "1. To cover or spread over with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a retort; to coat a ceiling; to coat a vial.", "2. To cover with cloth or canvas; as, to coat a mast or a pump."], "coated": ["COATED, pp.", "1. Covered with a coat; loricated; covered or overspread with any thing that defends; clothed with a membrane.", "2. Having concentric coats or layers, as a bulbous root."], "coating": ["COATING, ppr. Covering with a coat; overspreading.", "COATING, n.", "1. A covering, or the act of covering; lorication; any substance spread over for cover or defense; as the coating of a retort or of a vial.", "2. Cloth for coats; as, merchants advertise an assortment of coatings."], "cock": ["COCK, n.", "1. The male of birds, particularly of gallinaceous or domestic fowls, which having no appropriate or distinctive name, are called dunghill fowls or barn-door fowls.", "2. A weather-cock; a vane in shape of a cock. It is usually called a weather-cock.", "3. A spout; an instrument to draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat or pipe; so named from its projection.", "4. The projecting corner of a hat.", "5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped for shedding rain; called in England a cop. When hay is dry and rolled together for carting, the heaps are not generally called cocks, at least not in New England. A large conical pile is called a stack.", "6. The style or gnomon of a dial.", "7. The needle of a balance.", "8. The piece which covers the balance in a clock or watch.", "9. The notch of an arrow.", "10. The part of a musket or other fire arm, to which a flint is attached, and which, being impelled by a spring, strikes fire, and opens the pan at the same time.", "11. A small boat. It is now called a cock-boat, which is tautology, as cock itself is a bot.", "12. A leader; a chief man.", "Sir Andrew is the cock of the club.", "13. Cock-crowing; the time when cocks crow in the morning.", "Cock a hoop, or cock on the hoop, a phrase denoting triumph; triumphant; exulting.", "Cock and a bull, a phrase denoting tedious trifling stories.", "COCK, v.t.", "1. To set erect; to turn up; as, to cock the nose or ears.", "2. To set the brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points; or to set up with an air of pertness.", "3. To make up hay in small conical piles.", "4. To set or draw back the cock of a gun, in order to fire.", "COCK, v.i.", "1. To hold up the head; to strut; to look big, pert, or menacing.", "2. To train or use fighting cocks.", "3. To cocker."], "cocking": ["COCKING, n. Cock-fighting."], "cockatrice": ["COCKATRICE, n. A serpent imagined to proceed from a cocks egg."], "cockle": ["COCKLE, n. A plant or weed that grows among corn, the cornrose, a species of Agrostemma. It is also applied to the Lolium or darnel.", "COCKLE, n.", "1. A small testaceous shell; or rather a genus of shells, the Cardium. The general characteristics are; shells nearly equilateral and equivalvular; hinge with two small teeth, one on each side near the beak, and two larger remote lateral teeth, one on each side; prominent ribs running from the hinge to the edge of the valve.", "2. A mineral; a name given by the Cornish miners to shirl or shorl.", "3. A young cock.", "COCKLE, v.i. or t. To contract into wrinkles; to shrink, pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth."], "cockled": ["COCKLED, pp.", "1. Contracted into folds or wrinkles; winding.", "2. Having shells."], "coffer": ["COFFER, n.", "1. A chest or trunk; and as a chest is customarily used for keeping money, hence,", "2. A chest of money; a treasure.", "3. In architecture, a square depression or sinking in each interval between the modillions of the Corinthian cornice, ordinarily filled with a rose, a pomegranate or other enrichment.", "4. In fortification, a hollow lodgment across a dry moat, from 6 to 7 feet deep and from 16 to 18 broad; the upper part made of pieces of timber, raised two feet above the level of the moat; which little elevation has hurdles laden with earth for its covering, and serves as a parapet with embrasures. It is raised by the besieged to repulse besiegers when they endeavor to pass the ditch."], "coffered": ["COFFERED, pp. Laid up in a coffer."], "cofferer": ["COFFERER, n. The Cofferer of the kings household in Great Britain, a principal officer of the court, next under the Controller. He was also a white-staff officer, and a member of the privy council. He had the special charge and oversight of the other officers of the household. This office is now suppressed, and the business is transacted by the lord steward and paymaster of the household."], "coffin": ["COFFIN, n.", "1. The chest or box in which a dead human body is buried, or deposited in a vault.", "2. A mold of paste for a pie.", "3. A paper case, in the form of a cone, used by grocers.", "4. In farriery, the hollow part of a horses hoof; or the whole hoof above the coronet, including the coffin-bone, which is a small spungy bone in the midst of the hoof, and possessing the whole form of the hoof.", "COFFIN, v.t. To put in or inclose in a coffin."], "coffined": ["COFFINED, pp. Inclosed in a coffin."], "cogitable": ["COGITABLE, a. See Cogitate. That may be thought on; that may be meditated on."], "cogitate": ["COGITATE, v.i. To think; to meditate."], "cogitation": ["COGITATION, n.", "1. The act of thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation.", "2. Thought directed to an object; purpose."], "cogitative": ["COGITATIVE, a.", "1. Thinking; having the power of thinking, or meditating; as a cogitative substance.", "2. Given to thought, or contemplation."], "cold": ["COLD, a.", "1. Not warm or hot; gelid, frigid; a relative term. A substance is cold to the touch, when it is less warm then the body, and when in contact, the heat of the body passes from the body to the substance; as cold air; a cold stone; cold water. It denotes a greater degree of the quality than cool.", "2. Having the sensation of cold; chill; shivering, or inclined to shiver; as, I am cold.", "3. Having cold qualities; as a cold plant.", "4. Frigid; wanting passion, zeal ro ardor; indifferent; unconcerned; not animated, or easily excited into action; as a cold spectator; a cold Christian; a cold lover, or friend; a cold temper.", "Thou art neither cold nor hot. Rev. 3.", "5. Not moving; unaffecting; not animated; not able to excite feeling; spiritless; as a cold discourse; a cold jest.", "6. Reserved; coy; not affectionate, cordial or friendly; indicating indifference; as a cold look; a cold return of civilities; a cold reception.", "7. Not heated by sensual desire.", "8. Not hasty; not violent.", "9. Not affecting the scent strongly.", "10. Not having the scent strongly affected.", "COLD, n.", "1. The sensation produced in animal bodies by the escape of heat, and the consequent contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of that sensation. Heat expands the vessels, and cold contracts them; and the transition from an expanded to a contracted state is accompanied with a sensation to which, as well as to the cause of it, we give the denomination of cold. Hence cold is a privation of heat, or the cause of it.", "2. A shivering; the effect of the contraction of the fine vessels of the body; chilliness, or chillness.", "3. A disease; indisposition occasioned by cold; catarrh."], "coldness": ["COLDNESS, n.", "1. Want of heat; as the coldness or water or air. When the heat or temperature of any substance is less than that of the animal body exposed to it, that state or temperature is called coldness.", "2. Unconcern; indifference; a frigid state of temper; want of ardor, zeal, emotion, animation, or spirit; negligence; as, to receive an answer with coldness; to listen with coldness.", "3. Want of apparent affection, or kindness; as, to receive a friend with coldness.", "4. Coyness; reserve; indifference; as, to receive addresses with coldness.", "5. Want of sensual desire; frigidity; chastity."], "collar": ["COLLAR, n.", "1. Something worn round the neck, as a ring of metal, or a chain. The knights of several orders wear a chain of gold, enameled, and sometimes set with ciphers or other devices, to which the badge of the order is appended.", "2. The part of a garment which surrounds the neck. Job 30:18.", "3. A part of a harness for the neck of a horse or other beast, used in draught.", "4. Among seamen, the upper part of a stay; also, a rope in form of a wreath to which a stay is confined.", "To slip the collar, is to escape or get free; to disentangle ones self from difficulty, labor, or engagement.", "A collar of brawn, is the quantity bound up in one parcel.", "COLLAR, v.t.", "1. To seize by the collar.", "2. To put a collar on.", "To collar beef or other meat, is to roll it up and bind it close with a string."], "collared": ["COLLARED, pp.", "1. Seized by the collar.", "2. Having a collar on the neck."], "collect": ["COLLECT, v.t.", "1. To gather, as separate persons or things, into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; as, to collect men into an army; to collect ideas; to collect particulars into one sum.", "2. To gain by observation or information.", "From all that can be collected, the public peace will not soon be interrupted.", "3. To gather from premises; to infer as a consequence.", "Which consequence, I conceive, is very ill collected.", "4. To gather money or revenue from debtors; to demand and receive; as, to collect taxes; to collect the customs; to collect accounts, or debts.", "5. To gather, as crops; to reap, mow or pick, and secure in proper repositories; as, to collect hay, corn or fruits.", "6. To draw together; to bring into united action; as, to collect all the strength, or all the powers of the mind.", "7. To obtain from contribution.", "To collect ones self, is to recover from surprise, or a disconcerted state; to gain command over the thoughts, when dispersed; over the passions, when tumultuous; or the mind, when dismayed.", "COLLECT, v.i. To run together; to accumulate; as, pus collects in an abscess; sand or snow collects in banks.", "COLLECT, n.", "1. A short comprehensive prayer; a prayer adapted to a particular day or occasion.", "2. A collection or gathering of money."], "collected": ["COLLECTED, pp.", "1. Gathered; assembled; congregated; drawn together.", "2. Recovered from surprise or dismay; not disconcerted; cool; firm; prepared."], "collectible": ["COLLECTIBLE, a.", "1. That may be collected or gathered; that may be inferred.", "2. That may be gathered or recovered; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible."], "collecting": ["COLLECTING, ppr. Gathering; drawing together; assembling."], "collection": ["COLLECTION, n.", "1. The act of gathering, or assembling.", "2. The body formed by gathering; an assemblage, or assembly; a crowd; as a collection of men.", "3. A contribution; a sum collected for a charitable purpose.", "Now concerning the collection for the saints. 1 Cor. 16.", "4. A gathering, as of matter in an abscess.", "5. The act of deducing consequences; reasoning; inference.", "6. A corollary; a consectary; a deduction from premises; consequence.", "7. A book compiled from other books, by the putting together of parts; a compilation; as a collection of essays or sermons."], "collective": ["COLLECTIVE, a.", "1. Formed by gathering; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated, or aggregated.", "2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring.", "3. In grammar, expressing an number or multitude united; as a collective noun or name, which, though in the singular number itself, denotes more than one; as, company, army, troop, assembly."], "collectively": ["COLLECTIVELY, adv. In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly; in a state of combination; as the citizens of a state collectively considered."], "collectiveness": ["COLLECTIVENESS, n. A state of union; mass."], "college": ["COLLEGE, n. In its primary sense, a collection, or assembly. Hence,", "1. In a general sense, a collection, assemblage or society of men, invested with certain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or engaged in some common employment, or pursuit.", "2.In a particular sense, an assembly for a political or ecclesiastical purpose as the college of Electors or their deputies at the diet in Ratisbon. So also, the college of princes, or their deputies; the college of cities, or deputies of the Imperial cities; the college of Cardinals, or sacred college. In Russia, the denomination, college, is given to councils of state, courts or assemblies of men intrusted with the administration of the government, and called Imperial college; the college of foreign affairs; the college of war; the admiralty college; the college of justice; the college of commerce; the medical college.", "In Great Britain and the United States of America, a society of physicians is called a college. So also there are colleges of surgeons; and in Britain, a college of philosophy, a college of heralds, a college of justice, &c. Colleges of these kinds are usually incorporated or established by the supreme power of the state.", "3. An edifice appropriated to the use of students, who are acquiring the languages and sciences.", "4. The society of persons engaged in the pursuits of literature, including the officers and students. Societies of this kind are incorporated and endowed with revenues.", "5. In foreign universities, a public lecture."], "collop": ["COLLOP, n.", "1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.", "2. In burlesque, a child.", "In Job 15:27 it seems to have the sense of a thick piece or fleshy lump. He maketh collops of fat on his flanks. This is the sense of the word in N. England."], "colonial": ["COLONIAL, a. See Colony. Pertaining to a colony; as colonial government; colonial rights."], "colony": ["COLONY, n.", "1. A company or body of people transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country to cultivate and inhabit it, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state; as the British colonies in America or the Indies; the Spanish colonies in South America. When such settlements cease to be subject to the parent state, they are no longer denominated colonies.", "The first settles of New England were the best of Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a colony formed of better materials.", "2. The country planted or colonized; a plantation; also, the body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including the descendants of the first planters. The people, though born in the territory, retain the name of colonists, till they cease to be subjects of the parent state.", "3. A collection of animals; as colonies of shell-fish."], "colt": ["COLT, n.", "1. The young of the equine genus of animals or horse kind. In America, colt is equally applied to the male or female, and this is unquestionable correct. The male is called a house-colt, and the female is called a filly.", "2. A young foolish fellow; a person without experience or stability.", "COLT, v.i. To frisk, riot or frolic, like a colt; to be licentious.", "COLT, v.t. To befool."], "come": ["COME, v.i.", "1. To move towards; to advance near, in any manner, and from any distance. We say, the men come this way, whether riding or on foot; the wind comes from the west; the ship comes with a fine breeze; light comes from the sun. It is applicable perhaps to every thing susceptible of motion, and is opposed to go.", "2. To draw nigh; to approach; to arrive; to be present", "Come thou and all thy house into the ark. Gen. 7.", "All my time will I wait, till my change come. Job 14.", "When shall I come and appear before God? Ps. 42.", "Then shall the end come. Matt. 24.", "Thy kingdom come; thy will be done. Matt. 6.", "The time has come.", "3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition; as, the ships came to action; the players came to blows; is it come to this?", "His sons come to honor and he knoweth it not. Job 14.", "I wonder how he came to know what had been done; how did he come by his knowledge? the heir comes into possession of his estate; the man will come in time to abhor the vices of his youth, or he will come to be poor and despicable, or to poverty.", "In these and similar phrases, we observe the process or advance is applied to the body or to the mind, indifferently; and to persons or events.", "4. To happen or fall out; as, how comes that? Let come what will. Hence when followed by an object or person, with to or on, to befall; to light on.", "After all that has come on us for our evil deeds. Ezra 9.", "All things come alike to all. Eccles. 9.", "5. To advance or move into view; to appear; as, blood or color comes and goes in the face.", "6. To sprout, as plants; to spring. The corn comes or comes up. In the coming or sprouting of malt, as it must not come too little, so it must not come too much. So Bacon uses the word; and this use of it coincides nearly with the sense of 2 Kings 19:26 and in the same chapter inserted in Isaiah 34:27. It is the G. Kiemen, Icelandic kiema, to bud, or germinate.", "7. To become.", "So came I a widow.", "8. To appear or be formed, as butter; to advance or change from cream to butter; a common use of the word; as, the butter comes.", "9. Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us go.", "This is the heir; come, let us kill him.", "When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste; come, come. Sometimes if expresses or introduces rebuke.", "As the sense of come is to move, in almost any manner, in its various applications, that sense is modified indefinitely by other words used in connection with it. Thus with words expressing approach, it denotes advancing nearer; with words expressing departure, as from, of, out of, &c., it denotes motion from, &c.", "To come about, to happen; to fall out; to come to pass; to arrive. How did these tings come about? So the French venir a bout, to come to the end, that is, to arrive.", "To come about, to turn; to change; to come round. The wind will come about from west to east. The ship comes about. It is applied to a change of sentiments.", "On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,", "They are come about, and won to the true side.", "To come again, to return. Gen. 28., Lev. 14.", "To come after, to follow. Matt. 24. Also to come to obtain; as, to come after a book.", "To come at, to reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; to come so near as to be able to take or possess. We prize those most who are hardest to come at. To come at a true knowledge of ourselves.", "Also, to come towards, as in attacking.", "To come away, to depart from; to leave; to issue from.", "To come back, to return.", "To come by, to pass near; a popular phrase. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire; that is, to come near, at or close. Examine how you came by all your state.", "This is not an irregular or improper use of this word. It is precisely equivalent to possess, to sit by. See Possess.", "To come down, to descend.", "The Lord will come down on mount Sinai. Ex 19.", "Also, to be humbled or abased.", "Your principalities shall come down. Jer. 13.", "Come down from thy glory. Jer. 48.", "To come for, to come to get or obtain; to come after.", "To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Gen. 15., Is. 11., Micah 5.", "Also, to depart from; to leave. Mark 9.", "Also, to come abroad. Jer. 4.", "To come from, to depart from to leave. In popular language, this phrase is equivalent to, where is his native place or former place of residence; where did this man, this animal or this plant originate.", "To come home, that is, to come to home, or the house; to arrive at the dwelling. Hence, to come close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason.", "Come is an intransitive verb, but the participle come is much used with the substantive verb, in the passive form. The end of all flesh is come. I am come, thou art come, he is come, we are come, &c. This use of the substantive verb, for have, is perhaps too well established to be rejected; but have or has should be used in such phrases. In the phrase, come Friday, come Candlemas, there is an ellipsis of certain words, as when Friday shall come.", "Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces a threat.", "COME, n. A sprout."], "comely": ["COMELY, a.", "1. Properly, becoming; suitable: whence, handsome; graceful. Applied to person or form, it denotes symmetry or due proportion, but it expresses less than beautiful or elegant.", "I have seen a son of Jesse--comely person. 1 Sam. 16.", "I will not conceal his comely proportion. Job 41.", "2. Decent; suitable; proper; becoming; suited to time, place, circumstances or persons.", "Praise is comely for the upright. Ps. 33.", "It is comely that a woman pray to God uncovered? 1 Cor. 11.", "O what a world is this, when what is comely envenoms him that bears it.", "COMELY, adv. Handsomely; gracefully."], "coming": ["COMING, ppr.", "1. Drawing nearer or nigh; approaching; moving towards; advancing.", "2. Future; yet to come; as, in coming ages.", "3. Forward; ready to come.", "How coming to the poet every muse.", "COMING, n.", "1. The act of coming; approach.", "2. The state of being come; arrival.", "The Lord hath blessed thee since my coming. Gen. 30.", "COMING, n.", "1. Entrance.", "I know thy going-out and thy coming-in. 2 Kings 19.", "2. Beginning; commencement; as the coming-in of the year. 2 Kings 13.", "3. Income; revenue.", "4. Compliance; submission."], "comeliness": ["COMELINESS, n. That which is becoming, fit or suitable, in form or manner. Comeliness of person implies symmetry or due proportion of parts; comeliness of manner implies decorum and propriety. It signifies something less forcible than beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than prettiness.", "A careless comeliness with comely care.", "He hath no form nor comeliness. Is. 53:2."], "comer": ["COMER, n. One that comes; one who approaches; one who has arrived and is present."], "comfort": ["COMFORT, v.t.", "1. To strengthen; to invigorate; to cheer or enliven.", "Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of men.", "Comfort ye your hearts. Gen. 18.", "2. To strengthen the mind when depressed or enfeebled; to console; to give new vigor to the spirits; to cheer, or relieve from depression, or trouble.", "His friends came to mourn with him and to comfort him. Job. 2.", "3. In law, to relieve, assist or encourage, as the accessory to a crime after the fact.", "COMFORT, n.", "1. Relief from pain; ease; rest or moderate pleasure after pain, cold or distress or uneasiness of body. The word signifies properly new strength, or animation; and relief from pain is often the effect of strength. In a popular sense, the word signifies rather negatively the absence of pain and the consequent quiet, than positive animation.", "2. Relief from distress of mind; the ease and quiet which is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation or affliction ceases. It implies also some degree of positive animation of the spirits; or some pleasurable sensations derived from hope, and agreeable prospects; consolation.", "Let me alone, that I may take comfort a little. Job 10.", "Daughter, be of good comfort; thy faith hath made thee whole. Matt. 9.", "3. Support; consolation under calamity, distress or danger.", "Let thy merciful kindness be for my comfort. Ps. 119.", "4. That which gives strength or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or infirmity.", "Pious children are the comfort of their aged parents.", "5. In law, support; assistance; countenance; encouragement; as, an accessory affords aid or comfort to a felon.", "6. That which gives security from want and furnishes moderate enjoyment; as the comforts of life."], "comfortable": ["COMFORTABLE, a.", "1. Being in a state of ease, or moderate enjoyment; as a person after sickness or pain. This is the most common use of the word in the U. States.", "2. Admitting comfort; that may afford comfort.", "Who can promise him a comfortable appearance before his dreadful judge?", "3. Giving comfort; affording consolation.", "The word of my lord the king shall now be comfortable. 2 Sam. 14.", "4. Placing above want and affording moderate enjoyment; as a comfortable provision for old age."], "comfortableness": ["COMFORTABLENESS, n. The state of enjoying comfort."], "comforted": ["COMFORTED, pp. Strengthened; consoled; encouraged."], "comforter": ["COMFORTER, n.", "1. One who administers comfort or consolation; one who strengthens and supports the mind in distress or danger.", "I looked for comforters, but found none. Ps. 69.", "Miserable comforters are ye all. Job. 16.", "2. The title of the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name--he shall teach you all things. John 14."], "comforting": ["COMFORTING, ppr. Giving strength or spirits; giving ease; cheering; encouraging; consoling."], "comfortless": ["COMFORTLESS, a. Without comfort; without any thing to alleviate misfortune, or distress.", "I will not leave you comfortless. John 14."], "command": ["COMMAND, v.t.", "1. To bid; to order; to direct; to charge; implying authority, and power to control, and to require obedience.", "We will sacrifice to the Lord our God, as he shall command us. Ex. 8.", "I know that he Abraham will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord. Gen. 18.", "2. To govern, lead or direct; to have or to exercise supreme authority over.", "Lord Wellington commanded an army in Spain; he commanded the army at the battle of Waterloo.", "3. To have in power; to be able to exercise power or authority over; as, a military post commands the surrounding country; a fort commands the harbor.", "4. To overlook, or have in the power of the eye, without obstruction.", "One side commands a view of the finest garden in the world.", "5. To direct; to send.", "The Lord shall command the blessing on thee. Deut. 28.", "The Lord will command his loving kindness. Ps. 43.", "6. To have or to exercise a controlling influence over.", "A good magistrate commands the respect and affections of the people.", "COMMAND, v.i. To have or to exercise supreme authority; to possess the chief power; to govern; as, the general commands with dignity and humanity. What general commands in Canada?", "COMMAND, n.", "1. The right or power of governing with chief or exclusive authority; supreme power; control; as, an officer has a brigade under his command; he takes command of the army in France; an appropriate military term.", "2. The power of controlling; governing influence; sway.", "He assumed an absolute command over his readers.", "3. Cogent or absolute authority.", "Command and force may often create, but can never cure, an aversion.", "4. The act of commanding; the mandate uttered; order given.", "The captain gives command.", "5. The power of overlooking, or surveying, without obstruction.", "The steepy strand, Which overlooks the vale with wide command.", "6. The power of governing or controlling by force, or of defending and protecting.", "The fortress has complete command of the port.", "7. That which is commanded control; as a body of troop under command."], "commandable": ["COMMANDABLE, a. That may be commanded."], "commandant": ["COMMANDANT, n. A commander; a commanding officer of a place or of a body of forces."], "commanded": ["COMMANDED, pp. Ordered; directed; governed; controlled."], "commander": ["COMMANDER, n.", "1. A chief; one who has supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of any division of it. The term may also be applied to the admiral of a fleet, or of a squadron, or to any supreme officer; as the commander of the land or of the naval force; the commander of a ship.", "2. One on whom is bestowed a benefice or commandry.", "3. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, &c.", "4. An instrument of surgery."], "commandingly": ["COMMANDINGLY, adv. In a commanding manner."], "commandment": ["COMMANDMENT, n.", "1. A command; a mandate; an order or injunction given by authority; charge; precept.", "Why do ye transgress the commandment of God. Matt. 15.", "This is the first and great commandment. Matt. 22.", "A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another. John 13.", "2. By way of eminence, a precept of the decalogue, or moral law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai; one of the ten commandments. Ex. 34.", "3. Authority; coercive power."], "commend": ["COMMEND, v.t.", "1. To represent as worthy of notice, regard, or kindness; to speak in favor of; to recommend.", "I commend to you Phebe our sister. Rom. 16.", "2. To commit; to entrust or give in charge.", "Father, into hy hands I commend my spirit. Luke 23.", "3. To praise; to mention with approbation.", "The princes commended Sarai before Pharaoh. The Lord commended the unjust steward.", "4. To make acceptable or more acceptable.", "But meat commendeth us not to God. 1 Cor. 8.", "5. To produce or present to favorable notice.", "The chorus had an occasion of commending their voices to the king.", "6. To send or bear to.", "These draw the chariot which Latinus sends,", "And the rich present to the prince commends."], "commendable": ["COMMENDABLE, a. That may be commended or praised; worthy of approbation or praise; laudable.", "Order and decent ceremonies in the church are commendable."], "commendableness": ["COMMENDABLENESS, n. State of being commendable."], "commendably": ["COMMENDABLY, adv. Laudably; in a praise-worthy manner."], "commendation": ["COMMENDATION, n.", "1. The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words; declaration of esteem.", "Need we, as some other, letters of commendation. 2 Cor. 31.", "2. Ground of esteem, approbation or praise; that which presents a person or thing to another in a favorable light, and renders worthy of regard, or acceptance.", "Good-nature is the most godlike commendation of a man.", "3. Service; respects; message of love."], "commended": ["COMMENDED, pp. Praised; represented favorably; committed in charge."], "commender": ["COMMENDER, n. One who commends or praises."], "commending": ["COMMENDING, ppr. Praising; representing favorably; committing, or delivering in charge.", "Note: In imitation of the French, we are accustomed to use recommendation, &c., for commendation. But in most instances, it is better to use the word without the prefix re. A letter of commendation, is the preferable phrase."], "commission": ["COMMISSION, n.", "1. The act of committing, doing, performing, or perpetrating; as the commission of a crime.", "2. The act of committing or sending to; the act of entrusting, as a charge or duty. Hence,", "3. The thing committed, entrusted or delivered; letters patent, or any writing from proper authority, given to a person as his warrant for exercising certain powers, or the performance of any duty, whether civil, ecclesiastical, or military. Hence,", "4. Charge; order; mandate; authority given.", "He bore his great commission in his look.", "5. By a metonymy, a number of persons joined in an office or trust.", "6. The state of that which is entrusted, as the great seal was put into commission; or the state of being authorized to act or perform service, as a ship is put into commission.", "7. In commerce, the state of acting under authority in the purchase and sale of goods for another. To trade or do business on commission, is to buy or sell for another by this authority. Hence,", "8. The allowance made to a factor or commission-merchant for transacting business, which is a certain rate per cent. of the value of the goods bought or sold.", "Commission of bankruptcy, is a commission issuing from the Chancellor in Great Britain, and in other countries, from some proper authority, appointing and empowering certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged bankruptcy, and to secure the bankrupts lands and effects for the creditors.", "Commission of lunacy, is a commission issuing from the court of chancery, to authorize an inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or not.", "Commission-officer, in the army or navy, is an officer who has a commission, in distinction from subaltern officers."], "commissioned": ["COMMISSIONED, pp. Furnished with a commission; empowered; authorized."], "commissioning": ["COMMISSIONING, ppr. Giving a commission to; furnishing with a warrant; empowering by letters patent or other writing; authorizing."], "commit": ["COMMIT, v.t. Literally, to send to or upon; to throw, put or lay upon. Hence,", "1. To give in trust; to put into the hands or power of another; to entrust; with to.", "Commit thy way to the Lord. Ps. 37.", "The things thou hast heard of me, commit to faithful men. 2 Tim. 2.", "2. To put into any place for preservation; to deposit; as, to commit a passage in a book to memory; to commit the body to the grave.", "3. To put or sent to, for confinement; as, to commit an offender to prison. Hence for the sake of brevity, commit is used for imprison. The sheriff has committed the offender.", "These two were committed, at least restrained of their liberty.", "4. To do; to effect or perpetrate; as, to commit murder, treason, felony, or trespass.", "Thou shalt not commit adultery. Ex. 20.", "5. To join or put together, for a contest; to match; followed by with; a latinism.", "How does Philopolis commit the opponent with the respondent.", "6. To place in a state of hostility or incongruity. Committing short and long words. But this seems to be the same signification as the foregoing.", "7. To expose or endanger by a preliminary step or decision which cannot be recalled; as, to commit the peace of a country by espousing the cause of a belligerent.", "You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship without committing the honor of your sovereign.", "8. To engage; to pledge; or to pledge by implication.", "The general--addressed letters to Gen. Gates and to Gen. Heath, cautioning them against any sudden assent to the proposal, which might possibly be considered as committing the faith of the United States.", "And with the reciprocal pronoun, to commit ones self, is to do some act, or make some declaration, which may bind the person in honor, good faith, or consistency, to pursue a certain course of conduct, or to adhere to the tenor of that declaration.", "9. To refer or entrust to a committee, or select number of persons, for their consideration and report; a term of legislation; as, the petition or the bill is committed. Is it the pleasure of the house to commit the bill?"], "commitment": ["COMMITMENT, n.", "1. The act of committing; a sending to prison; a putting into prison; imprisonment. It is equivalent to sending or putting in simply; as a commitment to the tower, or to Newgate; or for the sake of brevity, omitting the name of the place, it is equivalent to putting into prison; as, the offender is secured by commitment.", "2. An order for confining in prison. But more generally we use mittimus.", "3. The act of referring or entrusting to a committee for consideration; a term in legislation; as the commitment of a petition or a bill to a select number of persons for consideration and report.", "4. The act of delivering in charge or entrusting.", "5. A doing, or perpetration, as of sin or a crime; commission.", "6. The act of pledging or engaging; or the act of exposing or endangering."], "committed": ["COMMITTED, pp. Delivered in trust; given in charge; deposited; imprisoned; done; perpetrated; engaged; exposed; referred to a committee."], "committing": ["COMMITTING, ppr. Giving in trust; depositing; imprisoning; perpetrating; engaging; referring to a committee; exposing."], "commodious": ["COMMODIOUS, a. Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities; as a commodious house or room.", "The haven was not commodious to winter in. Acts 27:12.", "It is followed by for before a noun; as a place commodious for a camp."], "commodiously": ["COMMODIOUSLY, adv. Conveniently; in a commodious manner; suitable; in a manner to afford ease, or to prevent uneasiness; as a house commodiously situated; we may pass life commodiously without the restraints of ceremony."], "commodiousness": ["COMMODIOUSNESS, n. Convenience fitness; suitableness for its purpose; as the commodiousness of a house or an apartment; the commodiousness of a situation for trade."], "common": ["COMMON, a.", "1. Belonging equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely; as, life and sense are common to man and beast; the common privileges of citizens; the common wants of men.", "2. Belonging to the public; having no separate owner. The right to a highway is common.", "3. General; serving for the use of all; as the common prayer.", "4. Universal; belonging to all; as, the earth is said to be the common mother of mankind.", "5. Public; general; frequent; as common report.", "6. Usual; ordinary; as the common operations of nature; the common forms of conveyance; the common rules of civility.", "7. Of no rank or superior excellence; ordinary. Applied to men, it signifies, not noble, not distinguished by noble descent, or not distinguished by office, character or talents; as a common man; a common soldier. Applied to things, it signifies, not distinguished by excellence or superiority; as a common essay; a common exertion. It however is not generally equivalent to mean, which expresses something lower in rank or estimation.", "8. Prostitute; lewd; as a common woman.", "9. In grammar, such verbs as signify both action and passion, are called common; as aspernor, I despise or am despised; also, such nouns as are both masculine and feminine, as parens.", "10. A common bud, in botany, is one that contains both leaves and flowers; a common peduncle, one that bears several flowers; a common perianth, one that incloses several distinct fructification; a common receptacle, one that connects several distinct fructification.", "Common divisor, in mathematics, is a number or quantity that divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder.", "Common Law, in Great Britain and the United States, the unwritten law, the law that receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinction from the written or statute law. That body of rules, principles and customs which have been received from our ancestors, and by which courts have been governed in their judicial decisions. The evidence of this law is to be found in the reports of those decisions, and the records of the courts. Some of these rules may have originated in edicts or statutes which are now lost, or in the terms and conditions of particular grants or charters; but it is most probable that many of them originated in judicial decisions founded on natural justice and equity, or on local customs.", "Common pleas, in Great Britain, one of the kings courts, now held in Westminster-Hall. It consists of a chief justice and three other justices, and has cognizance of all civil causes, real, personal or mixed, as well by original writ, as by removal from the inferior courts. A writ of error, in the nature of an appeal, lies from this court to the court of kings bench.", "In some of the American states, a court of common pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a county court. This court is variously constituted in different states, and its powers are defined by statutes. It has jurisdiction of civil causes, and of minor offenses; but its final jurisdiction is very limited; all causes of magnitude being removable to a higher Court by appeal or by writ of error.prayer, the liturgy of the Church of England, which all the clergy of the Church are enjoined to use, under a penalty.", "Common recovery, a legal process for recovering an estate or barring entails.", "Common time, in music, duple or double time, when the semibreve is equal to two minims.", "In common, equally with another, or with others; to be equally used or participated by two or more; as tenants in common; to provide for children in common; to assign lands to two persons in common, or to twenty in common; we enjoy the bounties of providence in common.", "COMMON, n.", "1. A tract of ground, the use of which is not appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public or to a number. Thus we apply the word to an open ground or space in a highway, reserved for public use.", "2. In law, an open ground, or that soil the use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors; or the profit which a man has in the land of another; or a right which a person has to pasture has cattle on land of another, or to dig turf, or catch fish, or cut wood, or the like; called common of pasture, of turbary, of piscary, and of estovers.", "Common, or right of common, is appendant, appurtenant, because of vicinage, or in gross.", "Common appendant is a right belonging to the owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon the lords waste, and upon the lands of other persons within the same manor. This is a matter of most universal right.", "Common appurtenant may be annexed to lands in other lordships, or extend to other beasts, besides those which are generally commonable; this is not of common right, but can be claimed only b immemorial usage and prescription.", "Common because of vicinage or neighborhood, is where the inhabitants of two townships, lying contiguous to each other, have usually intercommoned with one another, the beasts of the one straying into the others fields; this is a permissive right.", "Common in gross or at large, is annexed to a mans person, being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other corporation sole.", "COMMON, v.i.", "1. To have a joint right with others in common ground.", "2. To board together; to eat at a table in common."], "commonable": ["COMMONABLE, a.", "1. Held in common.", "2. That may be pastured on common land.", "Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plow, or such as manure the ground."], "commoner": ["COMMONER, n.", "1. One of the lower rank, or common people; one under the degree of nobility.", "2. A member of the house of commons.", "3. One who has a joint right in common ground.", "4. A student of the second rank in the universities in England; one who eats at a common table.", "5. A prostitute.", "6. A partaker."], "commonness": ["COMMONNESS, n.", "1. Frequent occurrence; a state of being common or usual.", "2. Equal participation by two or more."], "commons": ["COMMONS, n. plu.", "1. The common people, who inherit or possess no honors or titles; the vulgar.", "2. In England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the representatives of cities, boroughs and counties, chosen by men possessed of the property or qualifications required by law. This body is called the House of Commons. The House of Representatives in North Carolina bears the same name.", "3. Common grounds; land possessed or used by two or more persons in common.", "4. Food provided at a common table, as in colleges, where many persons eat at the same table or in the same hall.", "Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing scant.", "Doctors Commons, in London, a college founded by Dr. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law, where the civilians common together. The house was consumed in the great fire in 1666, but rebuilt in 1672. To this college belong thirty four proctors."], "commonly": ["COMMONLY, adv. Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most part; as, confirmed habits commonly continue through life."], "commonwealth": ["COMMONWEALTH, n.", "1. An established form of government, or civil polity; or more generally, a state; a body politic, consisting of a certain portion of men united by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws. This term is applied to the government of Great Britain, which is of a mixed character, and to other governments which are considered as free or popular, but rarely or improperly, to an absolute government. A commonwealth is properly a free state; a popular or representative government; a republic; as the commonwealth of Massachusetts. The word signifies strictly, the common good or happiness; and hence, the form of government supposed best to secure the public good.", "2. The whole body of people in a state the public.", "3. The territory of a state; as, all the land within the limits of the commonwealth."], "commotion": ["COMMOTION, n.", "1. Agitation; as the commotion of the sea.", "2. Tumult of people; disturbance; disorder, which may amount at times to sedition or insurrection; as the commotions of a state.", "When ye hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified. Luke 21.", "3. Agitation; perturbation; disorder of mind; heat; excitement.", "He could not debate without commotion."], "commune": ["COMMUNE, v.i.", "1. To converse; to talk together familiarly; to impart sentiments mutually, in private or familiar discourse; followed by with before the person.", "And there will I meet and commune with thee. Ex. 25.", "2. To have intercourse in contemplation or meditation.", "Commune with your own heart or your bed. Ps. 4.", "3. To partake of the sacrament or Lords supper; to receive the communion; a common use of the word in America, as it is in the Welsh.", "COMMUNE, n. A small territorial district in France--one of the subordinate divisions of the country introduced in the late revolution.", "Communibus annis, one year with another; on an average.", "Communibus locis, one place with another; on a medium."], "communicate": ["COMMUNICATE, v.t.", "1. To impart; to give to another, as a partaker; to confer for joint possession; to bestow, as that which the receiver is to hold, retain, use or enjoy; with to.", "Where God is worshiped, there he communicates his blessings and holy influences.", "Let him that is taught in the word communicate to him that teacheth in all good things. Gal. 6.", "2. To impart reciprocally, or mutually; to have or enjoy a share of; followed by with.", "Common benefits are to be communicated with all, but peculiar benefits with choice.", "But Diamede desires my company,", "And still communicates his praise with me.", "3. To impart, as knowledge; to reveal; to give, as information, either by words, signs or signals; as, to communicate intelligence, news, opinions, or facts.", "Formerly this verb had with before the person receiving; as, he communicated those thoughts only with the Lord Digby. Clarendon. But now it has to only.", "4. To deliver, as to communicate a message; to give, as to communicate motion.", "COMMUNICATE, v.i.", "1. To partake of the Lords supper. Instead of this, in America, at least in New England, commune is generally or always used.", "2. To have a communication or passage from one to another; to have the means of passing from one to another; as, two houses communicate with each other; a fortress communicates with the country; the canals of the body communicate with each other.", "3. To have intercourse; applied to persons.", "4. To have, enjoy or suffer reciprocally; to have a share with another.", "Ye have done well that ye did communicate with my affliction. Phil. 4."], "communicated": ["COMMUNICATED, pp. Imparted from one to another; bestowed; delivered."], "communicating": ["COMMUNICATING, ppr.", "1. Imparting; giving or bestowing; delivering.", "2. Partaking of the sacrament of the Lords supper.", "3. Leading or conducting from place to place, as a passage; connected by a passage or channel, as two lakes communicating with each other.", "4. Having intercourse by words, letters or messages; corresponding."], "communication": ["COMMUNICATION, n.", "1. The act of imparting, conferring, or delivering, from one to another; as the communication of knowledge, opinions or facts.", "2. Intercourse by words, letters or messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means.", "Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you. 2 Sam. 3.", "Let your communication be, yea, yea; nay, nay. Mat. 5.", "In 1 Cor. 15:33, Evil communications corrupt good manners, the word may signify conversation, colloquial discourses, or customary association and familiarity.", "3. Intercourse; interchange of knowledge; correspondence; good understanding between men.", "Secrets may be carried so far as to stop the communication necessary among all who have the management of affairs.", "4. Connecting passage; means of passing from place to place; as a strait or channel between seas or lakes, a road between cities or countries, a gallery between apartments in a house, an avenue between streets, &c.", "Keep open a communication with the besieged place.", "5. That which is communicated or imparted.", "The house received a communication from the Governor, respecting the hospital.", "6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner in his sentiments, and says we, instead of I or you."], "communicative": ["COMMUNICATIVE, a.", "1. Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others. In the sense of liberal of benefits, though legitimate, it is little used.", "2. Disposed to impart or disclose, as knowledge, opinions, or facts; free to communicate; not reserved.", "We have paid for our want of prudence, and determine for the future to be less communicative."], "communicativeness": ["COMMUNICATIVENESS, n. The quality of being communicative; readiness to impart to others; freedom from reserve."], "communing": ["COMMUNING, ppr. Conversing familiarly; having familiar intercourse.", "COMMUNING, n. Familiar converse; private intercourse."], "community": ["COMMUNITY, n.", "1. Properly, common possession or enjoyment; as a community of goods.", "It is a confirmation of the original community of all things.", "2. A society of people, having common rights and privileges, or common interests, civil, political or ecclesiastical; or living under the same laws and regulations. This word may signify a commonwealth or state, a body politic, or a particular society or order of men within a state, as a community of monks; and it is often used for the public or people in general, without very definite limits.", "3. Commonness; frequency."], "communion": ["COMMUNION, n.", "1. Fellowship; intercourse between two persons or more; interchange of transactions, or offices; a state of giving and receiving; agreement; concord.", "We are naturally led to seek communion and fellowship with other.", "What communion hath light with darkness? 2 Cor. 6.", "2. Mutual intercourse or union in religious worship, or in doctrine and discipline.", "The Protestant churches have no communion with the Romish church.", "3. The body of Christians who have one common faith and discipline. The three grand communions into which the Christian church is divided, are those of the Greek, the Romish and the Protestant churches.", "4. The act of communicating the sacrament of the Eucharist; the celebration of the Lords supper; the participation of the blessed sacrament. The fourth council of Lateran decrees that every believer shall receive the communion at least at Easter.", "5. Union of professing Christians in a particular church; as, members in full communion.", "Communion-service, in the liturgy of the Episcopal church, is the office for the administration of the holy sacrament."], "compact": ["COMPACT, a.", "1. Closely and firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense. Stone, iron and wood are compact bodies. A compact leaf, in botany, is one having the pulp of a close firm texture.", "2. Composed; consisting.", "A wandering fire,", "Compact of unctuous vapor.", "3. Joined; held together.", "A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax together.", "4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as a compact discourse.", "COMPACT, n. An agreement; a contract between parties; a word that may be applied, in a general sense, to any covenant or contract between individuals; but it is more generally applied to agreements between nations and states, as treaties and confederacies. So the constitution of the United States is a political contract between the States; a national compact. Or the word is applied to the agreement of the individuals of a community.", "The law of nations depends on mutual compacts, treaties, leagues, &c.", "In the beginnings of speech there was an implicit compact, founded on common consent.", "COMPACT, v.t.", "1. To thrust, drive or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate; to make close; as the parts which compose a body.", "Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone.", "2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system.", "The whole body fitly joined together and compacted. Eph. 4.", "3. To league with.", "Thou pernicious woman,", "Compact with her thats gone.", "4. To compose or make out of.", "If he, compact of jars, grow musical.", "In the two last examples, compact is used for compacted."], "compacted": ["COMPACTED, pp. Pressed close; firmly united, or connected."], "compacting": ["COMPACTING, ppr. Uniting closely; consolidating."], "compaction": ["COMPACTION, n. The act of making compact; or the state of being compact."], "compactness": ["COMPACTNESS, n. Firmness; close union of parts; density."], "companiable": ["COMPANIABLE, a. Social."], "companiableness": ["COMPANIABLENESS, n. Sociableness."], "company": ["COMPANY, n.", "1. In military affairs, the soldiers united under the command of a captain; a subdivision of a regiment, consisting usually of a number from 60 to 100 men. But the number is indefinite.", "2. Any assemblage of persons; a collection of men, or other animals, in a very indefinite sense. It may be applied to a small number, or any multitude whatever; as in scripture we read of a company of priests, a company of prophets, and an innumerable company of angels; also, a company of horses.", "3. An assemblage of persons for entertainment or festivity; a party collected by invitation or otherwise.", "4. Persons that associate with others for conversation or pleasure; society; as, let your children keep good company.", "5. The state of being a companion; the act of accompanying; fellowship; society.", "I will keep thee company.", "We cannot enjoy the company of licentious men.", "6. A number of persons untied for the same purpose, or in a joint concern; as a company of merchants or mechanics; a company of players. The word is applicable to private partnerships or to incorporated bodies of men. Hence it may signify a firm, house or partnership; or a corporation, as the East India Company, a banking or insurance company.", "7. The crew of a ship, including the officers; also, a fleet.", "To bear company, to accompany; to attend; to go with; denoting a temporary association.", "His faithful dog shall bear him company.", "To keep company, to accompany; to attend; also, to associate with frequently or habitually; hence, to frequent public houses. Prov. 29.", "COMPANY, v.t. To accompany; to attend; to go with; to be companion to.", "COMPANY, v.i.", "1. To associate with; to frequent the company of.", "I wrote you not to company with fornicators. 1 Cor. 5.", "2. To be a gay companion.", "3. To have commerce with the other sex."], "companion": ["COMPANION, n.", "1. One who keeps company with another; one with whom a person frequently associates, and converses. It differs from friend, says Johnson, as acquaintance from confidence. The word does not necessarily imply friendship; but a companion is often or generally a friend.", "A companion of fools shall be destroyed. Prov. 13.", "2. One who accompanies another; as two persons meeting casually and traveling together are called companions. So soldiers are called companions in arms.", "3. A partner; an associate.", "Epaphroditus, my brother, and companion in labor, and fellow soldier. Phil. 2.", "4. A fellow; a mate.", "5. A sort of wooden porch placed over the entrance or stair case of the cabin in merchant ships. Hence the ladder by which officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is called the companion ladder."], "companionable": ["COMPANIONABLE, a. Fit for good fellowship; qualified to be agreeable in company; sociable; agreeable as a companion."], "companionably": ["COMPANIONABLY, adv. In a companionable manner."], "comparable": ["COMPARABLE, a. That may be compared; worthy of comparison; being of equal regard; that may be estimated as equal.", "There is no blessing of life comparable to the enjoyment of a discreet and virtuous friend.", "The precious sons of Zion, comparable to fine gold. Lam. 4."], "comparably": ["COMPARABLY, adv. In a manner or degree worthy to be compared, or of equal regard."], "comparative": ["COMPARATIVE, a.", "1. Estimated by comparison; not positive or absolute. The comparative weight of a body, is that which is estimated by comparing it with the weight of another body. A body may be called heavy, when compared with a feather, which would be called light, when compared with iron. So of comparative good, or evil.", "2. Having the power of comparing different things; as a comparative faculty.", "3. In grammar, expressing more or less. The comparative degree of an adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity, or quality, than the positive; as brighter, or more bright; smaller; finer; stronger; weaker.", "Comparative anatomy, that branch of anatomy which treats of the anatomy of other animals than man, with a view to compare their structure with that of human beings, and thus to illustrate the animal functions, and particularly with reference to a more perfect knowledge of the functions of several parts of the human body.", "COMPARATIVE, n. One who is equal or pretends to be an equal."], "comparatively": ["COMPARATIVELY, adv. In a state of comparison; by comparison; according to estimate made by comparison; not positively, absolutely or in itself. A thing is comparatively heavy, when it is compared with something less heavy. Paper is comparatively light or heavy; light, when compared with lead; and heavy, when compared with air.", "How few, comparatively, are the instances of a wise application of time and talents!"], "compare": ["COMPARE, v.t.", "1. To set or bring things together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain their agreement or disagreement; as, to compare two pieces of cloth, two tables, or coins; to compare reasons and arguments; to compare pleasure with pain.", "in comparing movable things, it is customary to bring them together, for examination. In comparing thins immovable or remote, and abstract ideas, we bring them together in the mind, as far as we are able, and consider them in connection. Comparison therefore is really collation, or it includes it.", "2. To liken; to represent as similar, for the purpose of illustration.", "Solon compared the people to the sea, and orators and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would be calm and quiet, it the winds did not trouble it.", "In this sense compare is followed by to.", "3. To examine the relations of thins to each other, with a view to discover their relative proportions, quantities or qualities; as, to compare two kingdoms, or two mountains with each other; to compare the number ten with fifteen; to compare ice with crystal; to compare a clown with a dancing master or a dandy.", "In this sense compare is followed by with.", "4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees of comparison; as blackish, black, blacker, blackest.", "5. To get; to procure; to obtain; as in Latin.", "COMPARE, v.i.", "1. To hold comparison; to be like or equal.", "2. Simile; similitude; illustration by comparison.", "This noun is in use, but cannot be considered as elegant."], "compared": ["COMPARED, pp. Set together and examined with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or disagreement; likened; represented as similar."], "comparer": ["COMPARER, n. One who compares or makes a comparison."], "comparing": ["COMPARING, ppr. Examining the relations of thins to each other; likening."], "comparison": ["COMPARISON, n.", "1. The act of comparing; the act of considering the relation between persons or things, with a view to discover their agreement or resemblance, or their disagreement or difference.", "We learn to form a correct estimate of men and their actions by comparison.", "2. The state of being compared.", "If we rightly estimate what we call good and evil, we shall find it lies much in comparison.", "3. Comparative estimate; proportion.", "Who is left among you that saw this house in its first glory? And how do you see it now? Is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? Hag. 2.", "4. In grammar, the formation of an adjective in its several degrees of signification; as strong, stronger, strongest; greenish, green, greener, greenest; glorious, more glorious, most glorious. In English, there are strictly four degrees of comparison.", "5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by similitude.", "Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God? Or with what comparison shall we compare it? Mark 4.", "6. In rhetoric, a figure by which two things are considered with regard to a third, which is common to them both; as, a hero is like a lion in courage. Here courage is common to hero and lion, and constitutes the point of resemblance.", "The distinction between similitude and comparison is, that the former has reference to the quality; the latter, to the quantity. Comparison is between more and less; similitude is between good and gad. Hannibal--hung like a tempest on the declivities of the Alps--is a likeness by similitude. The sublimity of the scriptural prophets exceeds that of Homer, as much as thunder is louder than a whisper--is a likeness by comparison.", "But comparison has reference to quality as well as quantity."], "compass": ["COMPASS, n.", "1. Stretch; reach; extent; the limit or boundary of a space, and the space included; applied to time, space, sound, &c. Our knowledge lies within a very narrow compass. The universe extends beyond the compass of our thoughts. So we say, the compass of a year, the compass of an empire, the compass of reason, the compass of the voice.", "And in that compass all the world contains.", "2. A passing round; a circular course; a circuit.", "Time is come round;", "and where I did begin, thee shall I end:", "My life has run its compass.", "They fetched a compass of seven days journey. 2 Kings 3. 2 Sam. 5. Acts 28.", "3. Moderate bounds; limits of truth; moderation; due limits.", "In two hundred years, (I speak within compass,) no such commission had been executed.", "This sense is the same as the first, and the peculiar force of the phrase lies in the word within.", "4. The extent or limit of the voice or of sound.", "5. An instrument for directing or ascertaining the course of ships at sea, consisting of a circular box, containing a paper card marked with the thirty two points of direction, fixed on a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the variation excepted. The needle with the card turns on a pin in the center of the box. In the center of the needle is fixed a brass conical socket or cap, by which the card hanging on the pin turns freely round the center. The box is covered with glass, to prevent the motion of the card from being disturbed by the wind.", "6. Compass or compasses, or a pair of compasses, so named from its legs, but pair is superfluous or improper, and the singular number compass is the preferable name, an instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, &c., consisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move. There are also compasses of three legs or triangular compasses, cylindrical and spherical compasses with four branches, and various other kinds.", "7. An instrument used in surveying land, constructed in the main like the mariners compass; but with this difference, that the needle is not fitted into the card, moving with it, but plays alone; the card being drawn on the bottom of the box, and a circle divided into 360 degrees on the limb. This instrument is used in surveying land, and in directing travelers in a desert or forest, miners, &c.", "Compass-saw, a saw with a brad edge and thin back, to cut in a circular form.", "COMPASS, v.t.", "1. To stretch round; to extend so as to embrace the whole; hence, to inclose, encircle, grasp or seize; as, to compass with the arms.", "2. To surround; to environ; to inclose on all sides; sometimes followed by around, round or about.", "Now all the blessings of a glad father compass thee about.", "With favor wilt thou compass him as with a shield. Ps. 5.", "The willows of the brook compass him about. Job 40.", "3. To go or walk round.", "Ye shall compass the city--and the seventh day ye shall compass the city seven times. Josh. 6.", "For ye compass sea and land. Math. 23.", "4. To besiege; to beleaguer; to block up. This is not a different sense, but a particular application.", "Thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side. Luke 19.", "5. To obtain; to attain to; to procure; to bring within ones power; to accomplish.", "If I can check my erring love, I will;", "If not, to compass her Ill use my skill.", "How can you hope to compass your designs?", "6. To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot; to contrive; as we say, to go about to perform, but in mind only; as, to compass the death of the king.", "Compassing and imaging the death of the king are synonymous terms; compass signifying the purpose or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common speech, the carrying such design to effect."], "compassed": ["COMPASSED, pp. Embraced; surrounded; inclosed; obtained; imagined."], "compassing": ["COMPASSING, ppr.", "1. Embracing; going round; inclosing; obtaining; accomplishing; imagining; intending.", "2. In ship-building, incurvated; arched."], "compassion": ["COMPASSION, n.", "1. A suffering with another; painful sympathy; a sensation of sorrow excited by the distress or misfortunes of another; pity; commiseration. Compassion is a mixed passion, compounded of love and sorrow; at least some portion of love generally attends the pain or regret, or is excited by it. Extreme distress of an enemy even changes enmity into at least temporary affection.", "He being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity. Ps. 78.", "His father had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him. Luke 15.", "COMPASSION, v.t. To pity."], "compel": ["COMPEL, v.t.", "1. To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly; to constrain; to oblige; to necessitate, either by physical or moral force.", "Thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bound servant. Levit. 25.", "And they compel one Simon--to bear his cross. Mark 15.", "Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house may be filled. Luke 14.", "Circumstances compel us to practice economy.", "2. To force; to take by force, or violence; to seize.", "The subjects grief comes through commissions, which compel from each a sixth part of his substance.", "3. To drive together; to gather; to unite in a crowd or company. A Latinism, compellere gregem.", "In one troop compelled.", "4. To seize; to overpower; to hold.", "And easy sleep their weary limbs compelled.", "5. To call forth, L. compeller."], "compellable": ["COMPELLABLE, a. That may be driven, forced or constrained."], "compellably": ["COMPELLABLY, adv. By compulsion."], "compellation": ["COMPELLATION, n. Style or manner of address; the word of salutation.", "The compellation of the Kings of France is by sire."], "compelled": ["COMPELLED, pp. Forced; constrained; obliged."], "compeller": ["COMPELLER, n. One who compels or constrains."], "compelling": ["COMPELLING, ppr. Driving by force; constraining; obliging."], "complain": ["COMPLAIN, v.i.", "1. To utter expressions of grief; to lament.", "I will complain in the bitterness of my spirit. Job 7.", "I complained and my spirit was overwhelmed. Ps. 77.", "2. To utter expressions of censure or resentment; to murmur; to find fault.", "And when the people complained, it displeased the Lord. Num. 11.", "3. To utter expressions of uneasiness, or pain. He complains of thirst. He complains of a head-ache.", "4. To charge; to accuse of an offense; to present an accusation against a person to a proper officer.", "To A B, one of the justices of the peace for the county of S, complains C D.", "This verb is regularly followed by of, before the cause of grief or censure; as, to complain of thirst, of ignorance, of vice, of an offender.", "5. To represent injuries, particularly in a writ of Audita Querela.", "COMPLAIN, v.t. To lament; to bewail.", "They might the grievance inwardly complain.", "This use of complain is uncommon, and hardly legitimate. The phrase is properly elliptical."], "complainable": ["COMPLAINABLE, a. That may be complained of."], "complainant": ["COMPLAINANT, n.", "1. A prosecutor; one who prosecutes by complaint, or commences a legal process against an offender for the recovery of a right or penalty.", "He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the town; and the other moiety to the use of the complainant.", "2. The plaintiff in a writ of Audita Querela."], "complainer": ["COMPLAINER, n. One who complains, or expresses grief; one who laments; one who finds fault; a murmurer.", "These are murmurers, complainers, walking after their own lusts. Jude 16."], "complainful": ["COMPLAINFUL, a. Full of complaint."], "complaining": ["COMPLAINING, ppr. Expressing grief, sorrow, or censure; finding fault; murmuring; lamenting; accusing of an offense.", "COMPLAINING, n. The expression of regret, sorrow, or injury."], "complaint": ["COMPLAINT, n.", "1. Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment; lamentation; murmuring; a finding fault.", "Even to day is my complaint bitter. Job 23.", "2. The cause or subject of complaint, or murmuring.", "The poverty of the clergy hath been the complaint of all who wish well to the church.", "3. The cause of complaint, or of pain and uneasiness in the body; a malady; a disease; usually applied to disorders not violent; as a complaint in the bowels or breast.", "4. Accusation; a charge against an offender, made by a private person or informer to a justice of the peace or other proper officer, alleging that the offender has violated the law, and claiming the penalty due to the prosecutor. It differs from an information, which is the prosecution of an offender by the Attorney or Solicitor General; and from a presentment and indictment, which are the accusation of a Grand Jury.", "5. Representation of injuries, in a general sense; and appropriately, in a writ of Audita Querela."], "complete": ["COMPLETE, a.", "1. Having no deficiency; perfect.", "And ye are complete in him who is the head of all principality and power. Col. 2.", "2. Finished; ended; concluded; as, the edifice is complete.", "This course of vanity almost complete.", "In strict propriety, this word admits of no comparison; for that which is complete, cannot be more or less so. But as the word, like many others, is used with some indefiniteness of signification, it is customary to qualify it with more, most, less and least. More complete, most complete, less complete, are common expressions.", "3. In botany, a complete flower is one furnished with a calyx and corolla. Vaillant. Or having all the parts of a flower.", "COMPLETE, v.t.", "1. To finish; to end; to perfect; as, to complete a bridge, or an edifice; to complete an education.", "2. To fill to accomplish; as, to complete hopes or desires.", "3. To fulfil; to accomplish; to perform; as, the prophecy of Daniel is completed."], "completed": ["COMPLETED, pp. Finished; ended; perfected fulfilled; accomplished."], "completely": ["COMPLETELY, adv. Fully; perfectly; entirely."], "completement": ["COMPLETEMENT, n. The act of completing; a finishing."], "completeness": ["COMPLETENESS, n. The state of being complete; perfection."], "completing": ["COMPLETING, ppr. Finishing; perfecting; accomplishing."], "completion": ["COMPLETION, n.", "1. Fulfilment; accomplishment.", "There was a full entire harmony and consent in the divine predictions, receiving their completion in Christ.", "2. Act of completing; state of being complete; utmost extent; perfect state; as, the gentleman went to the university for the completion of his education or studies.", "The completion of a bad character is to hate a good man."], "completive": ["COMPLETIVE, a. Filling; making complete."], "composite": ["COMPOSITE, a. In architecture, the Composite order is the last of the five orders of columns; so called because its capital is composed out of those of the other orders or columns, borrowing a quarter-round from the Tuscan and Doric, a row of leaves from the Corinthian, and volutes from the Ionic. Its cornice has simple modillions or dentils. It is called also the Roman or the Italic order.", "Composite numbers are such as can be measured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or e; so that r is the lowest composite number. Composite numbers between themselves, are those which have a common measure besides unity; as 12 and 15, both which are measured by e."], "composition": ["COMPOSITION, n. s as z.", "1. In a general sense, the act of composing, or that which is composed; the act of forming a whole or integral, by placing together and uniting different things, parts or ingredients; or the whole body, mass or compound, thus formed. Thus we speak of the composition of medicines, by mixing divers ingredients, and call the whole mixture a composition. A composition of sand and clay is used for luting chimical vessels.", "Vast pillars of stone, cased over with a composition that looks like marble.", "Heat and vivacity, in age, is an excellent composition for business.", "2. In literature, the act of inventing or combining ideas, clothing them with words, arranging them in order, and in general, committing them to paper, or otherwise writing them. Hence,", "3. A written or printed work; a writing, pamphlet or book.", "4. In music, the act or art of forming tunes; or a tune, song, anthem, air, or other musical piece.", "5. The state of being placed together; union; conjunction; combination.", "Contemplate things first in their simple natures, and then view them in composition.", "6. The disposition or arrangement of figures connected in a picture.", "By composition is meant the distribution and orderly placing of things, both in general and particular.", "7. Adjustment; orderly disposition. Ben Jonson speaks of the composition of gesture, look, pronunciation and motion, in a preacher.", "8. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement of a difference or controversy.", "Thus we are agreed;", "I crave our composition may be written.", "9. Mutual agreement for the discharge of a debt, on terms or by means different from those required by the original contract, or by law, as by the payment of a different sum, or by making other compensation. Hence, the sum so paid, or compensation given, in lieu of that stipulated or required.", "A read composition is when an agreement is made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with the consent of the ordinary and the patron, that such lands shall for the future be discharged rom the payment of tithes, by reason of some land or other real recompense given to the parson, in lieu and satisfaction thereof.", "A bankrupt is cleared by a commission of bankruptcy, or by composition with his creditors.", "10. Consistency; congruity.", "11. The act of uniting simple ideas in a complex idea or conception; opposed to analysis.", "12. The joining of two words in a compound, as in book-case; or the act of forming a word with a prefix or affix, which varies its signification; as return, from turn; preconcert, from concert; endless from end.", "13. The synthetical method of reasoning; synthesis; a method of reasoning from known or admitted truths or principles, as from axioms, postulates or propositions previously demonstrated, and from these deducing a clear knowledge of the thing to be proved; or the act of collecting scattered parts of knowledge, and combining them into a system, so that the understanding is enabled distinctly to follow truth through its different stages of gradation. This method of reasoning is opposed to analysis or resolution. It begins with first principles, and by a train of reasoning from them, deduces the propositions or truths sought. Composition or synthesis proceeds by collecting or combining; analysis or resolution, by separating or unfolding.", "14. In printing, the act of setting types or characters in the composing-stick, to form lines, and of arranging the lines in a galley, to make a column or page, and from this to make a form.", "15. In chimistry, the combination of different substances, or substances of different natures, by affinity; from which results a compound substance, differing in properties from either of the component parts. Thus water is a composition of hydrogen and oxygen, which are invisible gases."], "compound": ["COMPOUND, v.t.", "1. To mix or unite two or more ingredients in one mass or body; as, to compound drugs.", "Whoever compoundeth any like it--shall be cut off from his people. Ex. 30.", "2. To unite or combine.", "We have the power of altering and compounding images into all the varieties of picture.", "3. To compose; to constitute.", "4. In grammar, to unite two or more words; to form one word of two or more.", "5. To settle amicably; to adjust by agreement; as a difference or controversy.", "6. To pay by agreement; to discharge, as a debt, by paying a part, or giving an equivalent different from that stipulated or required; as, to compound debts.", "But we now use, more generally, to compound with.", "To compound felony, is for a person robbed to take the goods again, or other compensation, upon an agreement not to prosecute the thief or robber. This offense is, by the laws of England, punishable by fine and imprisonment."], "compoundable": ["COMPOUNDABLE, a. Capable of being compounded."], "compounded": ["COMPOUNDED, p. Made up of different materials mixed; formed by union of two or more substances."], "compounder": ["COMPOUNDER, n.", "1. One who compounds or mixes different things.", "2. One who attempts to bring parties to terms of agreement."], "compounding": ["COMPOUNDING, ppr. Uniting different substances in one body or mass; forming a mixed body; agreeing by concession, or abatement of demands; discharging a debt by agreement to pay less than the original sum, or in a different manner."], "comprehend": ["COMPREHEND, v.t. Literally, to take in; to take with, or together.", "1. To contain; to include; to comprise.", "The empire of Great Britain comprehends England, Scotland and Ireland, with their dependencies.", "2. To imply; to contain or include by implication or construction.", "If there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Rom. 13.", "3. To understand; to conceive; that is, to take, hold or contain in the mind; to possess or to have in idea; according to the popular phrase, I take your meaning.", "God doeth great things, which we cannot comprehend. Job 37.", "It is not always safe to disbelieve a proposition or statement, because we do not comprehend it."], "comprehended": ["COMPREHENDED, pp. Contained; included; implied; understood."], "comprehending": ["COMPREHENDING, ppr. Including; comprising; understanding; implying."], "conceal": ["CONCEAL, v.t. L. To withhold from sight,; G.,To conceal, and to heal; the primary sense is to strain, hold, stop, restrain, make fast or strong, all from the same root as the Shemitic.", "1. To keep close or secret; to forbear to disclose; to withhold from utterance or declaration; as, to conceal ones thoughts or opinions.", "I have not concealed the words of the Holy One. Job 6.", "2. To hide; to withdraw from observation; to cover or keep from sight.", "What profit is it if we slay our brother and conceal his blood? Genesis 37.", "A party of men concealed themselves behind a wall. A mask conceals the face."], "concealable": ["CONCEALABLE, a. That may be concealed; hid or kept close."], "concealed": ["CONCEALED, pp. Kept close or secret; hid; withdrawn from sight; covered."], "concealer": ["CONCEALER, n. One who conceals; as the concealer of a crime."], "concealing": ["CONCEALING, ppr. Keeping close or secret; forbearing to disclose; hiding; covering.", "CONCEALING, n. A hiding; a withholding from disclosure."], "concealment": ["CONCEALMENT, n.", "1. Forbearance of disclosure; a keeping close or secret; as the concealment of opinions or passions.", "2. The act of hiding, covering, or withdrawing from sight; as the concealment of the face by a mask, or of the person by any cover or shelter.", "3. The state of being hid or concealed; privacy; as a project formed in concealment.", "4. The place of hiding; a secret place; retreat from observation; cover from sight.", "The cleft tree offers its kind concealment to a few, their food its insects, and its moss their nests."], "conceit": ["CONCEIT, n. L., to take or seize.", "1. Conception; that which is conceived, imagined, or formed in the mind; idea; thought; image.", "In laughing there ever precedeth a conceit of somewhat ridiculous, and therefore it is proper to man.", "2. Understanding; power or faculty of conceiving; apprehension; as a man of quick conceit. Nearly antiquated.", "How often did her eyes say to me, that they loved! Yet I, not looking for such a matter, had not my conceit open to understand them.", "3. Opinion; notion; fancy; imagination; fantastic notion; as a strange or odd conceit.", "Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? There is more hope of a fool than of him. Proverbs 26.", "4. Pleasant fancy; gayety of imagination.", "On the way to the gibbet, a freak took him in the head to go off with a conceit.", "5. A striking thought; affected or unnatural conception.", "Some to conceit alone their works confine.", "6. Favorable or self-flattering opinion; a lofty or vain conception of ones own person or accomplishments.", "By a little study and a great conceit of himself, he has lost his religion.", "Out of conceit with, not having a favorable opinion of; no longer pleased with; as, a man is out of conceit with his dress. Hence to put one out of conceit with, is to make him indifferent to a thing, or in a degree displeased with it.", "CONCEIT, v.t. To conceive; to imagine; to think; to fancy.", "The strong, by conceiting themselves weak, thereby rendered inactive."], "conceited": ["CONCEITED, pp.", "1. Conceived; imagined; fancied.", "2. Endowed with fancy, or imagination.", "3. Entertaining a flattering opinion of ones self; having a vain or too high conception of ones own person or accomplishments; vain.", "If you think me too conceited, or to passion quickly heated.", "Followed by of before the object of conceit.", "The Athenians were conceited of their own wit, science and politeness."], "conceivable": ["CONCEIVABLE, a. See Conceive.", "1. That may be imagined, or thought; capable of being framed in the mind by the fancy or imagination.", "If it were possible to contrive an invention, whereby any conceivable weight may be moved by any conceivable power.", "2. That may be understood or believed.", "It is not conceivable, that it should be the very person, whose shape and voice it assumed."], "conceivableness": ["CONCEIVABLENESS, n. The quality of being conceivable."], "conceivably": ["CONCEIVABLY, adv. In a conceivable or intelligible manner."], "conceive": ["CONCEIVE, v.t. L., to take.", "1. To receive into the womb, and breed; to begin the formation of the embryo or fetus of animal.", "Then shall she be free and conceive seed. Numbers 5. Hebrew 11.", "Elisabeth hath conceived a son in her old age. Luke 1.", "In sin did my mother conceive me. Psalm 51.", "2. To form in the mind; to imagine; to devise.", "They conceive mischief and bring forth vanity. Job 15.", "Nebuchadnezzar hath conceived a purpose against you. Jeremiah 49.", "3. To form an idea in the mind; to understand; to comprehend.", "We cannot conceive the manner in which spirit operates upon matter.", "4. To think; to be of opinion; to have an idea; to imagine.", "You can hardly conceive this man to have been bred in the same climate.", "CONCEIVE, v.i.", "1. To have a fetus formed in the womb; to breed; to become pregnant.", "Thou shalt conceive and bear a son. Judges 13.", "2. To think; to have a conception or idea.", "Conceive of things clearly and distinctly in their own natures. The grieved commons hardly conceive of me.", "3. To understand; to comprehend; to have a complete idea of; as, I cannot conceive by what means this event has been produced."], "conceived": ["CONCEIVED, pp. Formed in the womb; framed in the mind; devised; imagined; understood."], "conceiver": ["CONCEIVER, n. One that conceives; one that comprehends."], "conceiving": ["CONCEIVING, ppr. Forming a fetus in the womb; framing in the mind; imagining; devising; thinking; comprehending.", "CONCEIVING, n. Apprehension; conception.", "CONCEIVING, n. Apprehension; conception."], "conceptible": ["CONCEPTIBLE, a. See Conceivable. That may be conceived; conceivable; intelligible. Not used."], "conception": ["CONCEPTION, n. L., See Conceive.", "1. The act of conceiving; the first formation of the embryo or fetus of an animal.", "I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception. Genesis 3.", "2. The state of being conceived.", "Joy had the like conception in our eyes.", "3. In pneumatology, apprehension of nay thing by the mind; the act of conceiving in the mind; that mental act or combination of acts by which an idea or notion is formed of an absent object of perception, or of a sensation formerly felt. When we see an object with our eyes open, we have a perception of it; when the same object is presented to the mind with the eyes shut, in idea only or in memory, we have a conception of it.", "4. Conception may be sometimes used for the power of conceiving ideas, as when we say, a thing is not within our conception. Some writers have defined conception as a distinct faculty of the mind; but it is considered by others as memory, and perhaps with propriety.", "5. Purpose conceived; conception with reference to the performance of an act.", "6. Apprehension; knowledge.", "And as if beasts conceived what reason were, and that conception should distinctly show.", "7. Conceit; affected sentiment, or thought.", "He is too full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms."], "conceptive": ["CONCEPTIVE, a. Capable of conceiving. Little used."], "concern": ["CONCERN, v.t. L., to separate, sift, divide; to see. If this is the true origin, as I suppose, the primary sense is, to reach or extend to, or to look to, as we use regard.", "1. To relate or belong to.", "Preaching the kingdom of God and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ. Acts 28.", "2. To relate or belong to, in an emphatical manner; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.", "Our wars with France have affected us in our most tender interests, and concerned us more than those with any other nation.", "It much concerns us to secure the favor and protection of God.", "3. To interest of affect the passions; to take an interest in; to engage by feeling or sentiment.", "A good prince concerns himself in the happiness of his subjects. A kind parent concerns himself in the virtuous education of his children. They", "They think themselves out of the reach of Providence, and no longer concerned to solicit his favor.", "4. To disturb; to make uneasy. Little used.", "5. To intermeddle.", "We need not concern ourselves with the affairs of our neighbors.", "CONCERN, n.", "1. That which relates or belongs to one; business; affair; a very general term, expressing whatever occupies the time and attention, or affects the interests of a person. Intermeddle not in the private concerns of a family. Religion is the main concern of a rational being. We have no concern in the private quarrels of our neighbors. The industrious and prudent occupy their time with their own concerns.", "2. Interest; importance; moment; that which affects the welfare or happiness.", "To live in peace, is a matter of no small concern to a nation.", "Mysterious secrets of a high concern, and weighty truths, solid convincing sense, explained by unaffected eloquence.", "3. Affection; regard; careful regard; solicitude; anziety.", "Why all this concern for the poor things of this life?", "O Marcia, let me hope thy kind concerns, and gentle wishes, follow me to battle.", "An impenitent man feels no concern for his soul.", "4. Persons connected in business; or their affairs in general; as a debt due to the whole concern; a loss affecting the whole concern. Mercantile Usage."], "concerned": ["CONCERNED, pp. or a.", "1. Interested; engaged; having a connection with that which may affect the interest, welfare or happiness.", "All men are concerned in the propagation of truth.", "We are concerned in the virtuous education of our children.", "2. Interested in business; having connection in business; as, A is concerned with B in the East India trade. Of an advocate or counselor we say, he is concerned in the cause of A against B.", "3. Regarding with care; solicitous; anxious; as, we are concerned for the fate of our fleet."], "concerning": ["CONCERNING, ppr. Pertaining to; regarding; having relation to.", "The Lord hath spoken good concerning Israel. Numbers 10.", "I have accepted thee concerning this thing. Genesis 19.", "This word has been considered a preposition, but most improperly; concerning, when so called, refers to a verb, sentence or proposition; as in the first example, the word applies to the preceding afirmation. The Lord hath spoken good, which speaking good is concerning Israel. Concerning, in this case, refers to the first clause of the sentence."], "concernment": ["CONCERNMENT, n.", "1. The thing in which one is concerned or interested; concern; affair; business; interest.", "To mix with thy concernments I desist.", "Propositions which extend only to the present life, are small, compared with those that have influence upon our everlasting concernments.", "The great concernment of men is with men.", "2. A particular bearing upon the interest or happiness of one; importance; moment.", "Experimental truths are matters of great concernment to mankind.", "3. Concern; interposition; meddling; as, the father had no concernment in the marriage of his daughter. In this sense, we generally use concern.", "4. Emotion of mind; solicitude; as, their ambition is manifest in their concernment. In this sense, concern is generally used."], "concise": ["CONCISE, a. L., cut off, brief, to cut. See Class Gd. No. 2. 4. 8. 49. 59. Brief; short, applied to language or stile; containing few words; comprehensive; comprehending much in few words, or the principal matters only.", "The concise stile, which expresseth not enough, but leaves somewhat to be understood.", "Where the author is too brief and concise, amplify a little.", "In Genesis, we have a concise account of the creation."], "concisely": ["CONCISELY, adv. Briefly; in few words; comprehensively."], "conciseness": ["CONCISENESS, n. Brevity in speaking or writing.", "Conciseness should not be studied at the expense of perspicuity."], "concision": ["CONCISION, n. L., to cut off. Literally, a cutting off. Hence, In scripture, the Jews or those who adhered to circumcision, which, after our Saviors death, was no longer a seal of the covenant, but a mere cutting of the flesh.", "Beware of dogs; beware of the concision. Philippians 3."], "conclude": ["CONCLUDE, v.t. L., to shut; Gr., contracted. The sense is to stop, make fast, shut, or rather to thrust together. Hence in Latin, claudo signifies to halt, or limp, that is, to stop, as well as to shut. See Lid.", "1. To shut.", "The very person of Christ--was only, touching bodily substance, concluded in the grave. This use of the word is uncommon.", "2. To include; to comprehend.", "For God hath concluded them all in unbelief. Romans 11.", "The scripture hath concluded all under sin. Galatians 3.", "The meaning of the word in the latter passage may be to declare irrevocably or to doom.", "3. To collect by reasoning; to infer, as from premises; to close an argument by inferring.", "Therefore we conclude, that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law. Romans 3.", "4. To decide; to determine; to make a final judgment or determination.", "As touching the Gentiles who believe, we have written and concluded that they observe no such thing. Romans 11.", "5. To end; to finish.", "I will conclude this part with the sppech of a counselor of state.", "6. To stop or restrain, or as in law, to estop from further argument or proceedings; to oblige or bind, as by authority or by ones own argument or concession; generally in the passive.", "If they will appeal to revelation for their creation, they must be concluded by it.", "The defendant is concluded by his own plea.", "I do not consider the decision of that motion, upon affidavits, to amount to a res judicata, which ought to conclude the present inquiry.", "CONCLUDE, v.i.", "1. To infer, as a consequence; to determine.", "The world will conclude I had a guilty conscience.", "But this verb is really transitive. The world will conclude that I ahd a guilty conscience--that is here the object, referring to the subsequent clause of the sentence. See Verb Transitive, No.3.", "2. To settle opinion; to form a final judgment.", "Can we conclude upon Luthers instability, as our author has done.", "3. To end.", "A train of lies, that, made in lust, conclude in perjuries.", "The old form of expression, to conclude of, is no longer in use."], "concluded": ["CONCLUDED, pp. Shut; ended; finished; determined; inferred; comprehended; stopped, or bound."], "concludency": ["CONCLUDENCY, n. Inference; logical deducation from premises."], "concludent": ["CONCLUDENT, a. Bringing to a close; decisive."], "concluder": ["CONCLUDER, n. One who concludes."], "concluding": ["CONCLUDING, ppr.", "1. Shutting; ending; determining; inferring; comprehending.", "2. Final; ending; closing; as the concluding sentence of an essay."], "concludingly": ["CONCLUDINGLY, adv. Conclusively; with incontrovertible evidence. Little used."], "conclusible": ["CONCLUSIBLE, a. That may be concluded or inferred; determinable. Little used."], "conclusion": ["CONCLUSION, n. L.", "1. End; close; the last part; as the conclusion of an address.", "2. The close of an argument, debate or reasoning; inference that ends the discussion; final result.", "Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter; fear God, and keep his commandments; for this is the whole of man. Ecclesiastes 12.", "3. Determination; final decision.", "After long debate, the house of commons came to this conclusion.", "4. Consequence; inference; that which is collected or drawn from premises; particular deduction from propositions, facts, experience, or reasoning.", "5. The event of experiments; experiment.", "We practice all conclusions of grafting and inoculating. Little used.", "6. Confinement of the thoughts; silence. Not used."], "conclusive": ["CONCLUSIVE, a.", "1. Final; decisive; as a conclusive answer to a proposition.", "2. Decisive; giving a final determination; precluding a further act.", "The agreeing votes of both houses were not, by any law or reason, conclusive to my judgment.", "3. Decisive; concluding the question; putting an end to debate; as a conclusive argument.", "4. Regularly consequential.", "Men, not knowing the true forms of syllogisms, cannot know whether they are made in right and conlusive modes and figures."], "conclusively": ["CONCLUSIVELY, adv. Decisively; with final determination; as, the point of law is conclusively settled."], "conclusiveness": ["CONCLUSIVENESS, n. The quality of being conclusive, or decisive; the power of determining the opinion, or of settling a question; as the conclusiveness of evidence or of an argument."], "concord": ["CONCORD, n. L., the heart. See Accord.", "1. Agreement between persons; union in opinions, sentiments, views or interests; peace; harmony.", "What concord hath Christ with Belial? 2 Corinthians 6.", "2. Agreement between things; suitableness; harmony.", "If, natures concord broke, among the constellations war were sprung.", "3. In music, consent of sounds; harmony; the relation between tow or more sounds which are agreeable to the ear. See Chord.", "The man who hath not music in himself, nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, is fit for treasons.", "4. A compact; an agreement by stipulation; treaty.", "5. In law, an agreement between the parties in a fine, made by leave of the court. This is an acknowledgment from the deforciants that the land in question is the right of the complainant.", "6. In grammar, agreement of words in construction; as adjectives with nouns in gender, number and case; or verbs with nouns or pronouns in number and person. Or concord may signify the system of rules for construction called syntax.", "Form of concord, in ecclesiastical history, is a book among the Lutherans containing a system of doctrines to be subscribed as a condition of communion, composed at Torgaw in 1576."], "concordance": ["CONCORDANCE, n. L., to agree. See Concord.", "1. Agreement. In this sense, accordance is generally used.", "2. In grammar, concord. Not used.", "3. A dictionary in which the principal words used in the scriptures are arranged alphabetically, and the book, chapter and verse in which each word occurs are noted; designed to assist an inquirer in finding any passage of scripture, by means of any leading word in a verse which he can recollect."], "concordancy": ["CONCORDANCY, n. Agreement."], "concordant": ["CONCORDANT, a. Agreeing; agreeable; correspondent; harmonious.", "CONCORDANT, n. That which is accordant."], "concordantly": ["CONCORDANTLY, adv. In conjunction."], "concourse": ["CONCOURSE, n. L., to run together, to run.", "1. A moving, flowing or running together; confluence; as a fortuitous concourse of atoms; a concourse of men.", "2. A meeting; an assembly of men; an assemblage of things; a collection formed by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting in one place. Acts 19.", "3. The place or point of meeting, or a meeting; the point of junction of two bodies.", "The drop will begin to move towards the concourse of the glasses. This application is unusual."], "concubinate": ["CONCUBINATE, n. Whoredom; lewdness. Not in use."], "concubine": ["CONCUBINE, n. L., to lie together, to lie down.", "1. A woman who cohabits with a man, without the authority of a legal marriage; a woman kept for lewd purposes; a kept mistress.", "2. A wife of inferior condition; a lawful wife, but not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of inferior condition. Such were Hagar and Keturah, the concubines of Abraham; and such concubines were allowed by the Roman laws."], "concupiscence": ["CONCUPISCENCE, n. L., to covet or lust after, to desire or covet. Lust; unlawful or irregular desire of sexual pleasure. In a more general sense, the coveting of carnal things, or an irregular appetite for worldly good; inclination for unlawful enjoyments.", "We know even secret concupiscence to be sin.", "Sin, taking occasion by the commandment, wrought in me all manner of concupiscence. Romans 7."], "concupiscent": ["CONCUPISCENT, a. Desirous of unlawful pleasure; libidinous."], "concupiscible": ["CONCUPISCIBLE, a. Exciting or impelling to the enjoyment of carnal pleasure; inclining to the attainment of pleasure or good; as concupiscible appetite."], "condemn": ["CONDEMN, v.t. L., to condemn, to disapprove, to doom, to devote.", "1. To pronounce to be utterly wrong; to utter a sentence of disapprobation against; to censure; to blame. But the word often expresses more than censure or blame, and seems to include the idea of utter rejection; as, to condemn heretical opinions; to condemn ones conduct.", "We condemn mistakes with asperity, where we pass over sins with gentleness.", "2. To determine or judge to be wrong, or guilty; to disallow; to disapprove.", "Beloved, if our heart condemn us not, we have confidence towards God. I John 3.", "3. To witness against; to show or prove to be wrong, or guilty, by a contrary practice.", "The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it. Matthew 12.", "4. To pronounce to be guilty; to sentence to punishment; to utter sentence against judicially; to doom; opposed to acquit or absolve; with to before the penalty.", "The son of man shall be betrayed to the chief priests, and to the scribes, and they shall condemn him to death. Matthew 20.", "He that believeth on him is not condemned. John 3.", "5. To doom or sentence to pay a fine; to fine.", "And the king of Egypt--condemned the land in a hundred talents of silver. 2 Chronicles 36.", "6. To judge or pronounce to be unfit for use or service; as, the ship was condemned as not sea-worthy. To judge or pronounce to be forfeited; as, the ship and her cargo were condemned."], "condemnable": ["CONDEMNABLE, a. That may be condemned; blamable; culpable."], "condemnation": ["CONDEMNATION, n.", "1. The act of condemning; the judicial act of declaring one guilty, and dooming him to punishment.", "For the judgment was by one to condemnation. Romans 5.", "2. The state of being condemned.", "Dost thou not fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation. Luke 23.", "3. The cause or reason of a sentence of condemnation. John 3."], "condemned": ["CONDEMNED, pp. Censures; pronounced to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited; adjudged or sentenced to punishment."], "condemner": ["CONDEMNER, n. One who condemns or censures."], "condemning": ["CONDEMNING, ppr. Censuring; disallowing; pronouncing to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited; sentencing to punishment."], "condescend": ["CONDESCEND, v.i. L. See Descend.", "1. To descend from the privileges of superior rank or dignity, to do some act to an inferior, which strict justice or the ordinary rules of civility do not require. Hence, to submit or yield, as to an inferior, implying an occasional relinquishment of distinction.", "Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans 7.", "2. To recede from ones rights in negotiation, or common intercourse, to do some act, which strict justice does not require.", "Spains mighty monarch, in gracious clemency does condescend, on these conditions, to become your friend.", "3. To stoop or descend; to yield; to submit; implying a relinquishment of rank, or dignity of character, and sometimes a sinking into debasement.", "Can they think me so broken, so debased, with corporal servitude, that my mind ever will condescend to such absurd commands?"], "condescendence": ["CONDESCENDENCE, n. A voluntary yielding or submission to an inferior.", "You will observe in the Turks an insulting condescendence which bespeaks their contempt of you."], "condescending": ["CONDESCENDING, ppr.", "1. Descending from rank or distinction in the intercourse of life; receding from rights or claims; yielding.", "2. Yielding to inferiors; courteous; obliging."], "condescendingly": ["CONDESCENDINGLY, adv. By way of yielding to inferiors; with voluntary submission; by way of kind concession; courteously."], "condite": ["CONDITE, v.t. L. To prepare and preserve with sugar, salt, spices, or the like; to pickle; as, to condite peras, plums, quinces, mushrooms, &c. Little used."], "conditement": ["CONDITEMENT, n. A composition of conserves, powders, and spices, in the form of an electuary. Little used."], "conditing": ["CONDITING, ppr. Preserving. Little used."], "condition": ["CONDITION, n. L., to build or make, to ordain; properly, to set or fix, or to set together or in order; con and do, to give; properly, to send.", "1. State; a particular mode of being; applied to external circumstances, to the body, to the mind, and to things. We speak of a good condition or a bad condition, in reference to wealth and poverty; in reference to health and sickness; in reference to a cheerful or depressed disposition of mind; and with reference to a sound or broken, perishing state of things. The word signifies a setting or fixing, and has a very general and indefinite application, coinciding nearly with state, from sto, to stand, and denotes that particular frame, form, mode or disposition, in which a thing exists, at any given time. A man is in a good condition, when he is thriving. A nation, with an exhausted treasury and burthened with taxes, is not in a condition to make war. A poor man is in a humble condition. Religion affords consolation to man in every condition of life. Exhortations should be adapted to the condition of the mind.", "Condition, circumstance, is not the thing; bliss is the same in subject or in king.", "2. Quality; property; attribute.", "It seemed to us a condition and property of divine powers and belongs to be hidden and unseen to others.", "3. State of mind; temper; temperament; complexion. See No. 1.", "4. Moral quality; virtue or vice.", "These senses however fall within the first definition.", "5. Rank, that is, state with respect to the orders or grades of society, or to property; as, persons of the best condition.", "6. Terms of a contract or covenant; stipulation; that is, that which is set, fixed, established or proposed. What are the conditions of the treaty?", "Make our conditions with yon captive king.", "He sendeth and desireth conditions of peace. Luke 14.", "7. A clause in a bond, or other contract containing terms or a stipulation that it is to be performed, and in case of failure, the penalty of the bond is to be incurred.", "8. Terms given, or provided, as the ground of something else; that which is established, or to be done, or to happen, as requisite to another act; as, I will pay a sum of money, on condition you will engage to refund it.", "A condition is a clause of contingency, on the happening of which the estate granted may be defeated.", "CONDITION, v.i. To make terms; to stipulate.", "It is one thing to condition for a good office, and another to execute it.", "CONDITION, v.t. To contract; to stipulate.", "It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that Saturn should put to death all his male children."], "conditional": ["CONDITIONAL, a.", "1. Containing or depending on a condition or conditions; made with limitations; not absolute; made or granted on certain terms. A conditional promise is one which is to be performed, when something else stipulated is done or has taken place. A conditional fee, in law, is one which is granted upon condition, that if the donee shall die without such particular heirs as are specified, the estate shall revert to the donor. Hence it is a fee restrained to particular heirs, to the exclusion of others.", "2. In grammar and logic, expressing a condition or supposition; as a conditional word, mode, or tense; a conditional syllogism.", "CONDITIONAL, n. A limitation."], "conditioned": ["CONDITIONED, pp.", "1. Stipulated; containing terms to be performed.", "2. a. Having a certain state or qualities. This word is usually preceded by some qualifying term; as good-conditioned; ill-conditioned; best-conditioned."], "conduct": ["CONDUCT, n. L., to lead. See Duke.", "1. Literally, the act of leading; guidance; command. So Waller has used it.", "Conduct of armies is a princes art.", "2. The act of convoying, or guarding; guidance or brining along under protection.", "3. Guard on the way; convoy; escort.", "These senses are now unusual, though not improper.", "4. In a general sense, personal behavior; course of actions; deportment; applicable equally to a good or a bad course of actions; as laudable conduct; detestable conduct. The word seems originally to have been followed with life, actions, affairs, or other term; as the conduct of life; the conduct of actions; that is, the leading along of life or actions.", "Young men in the conduct and manage of actions embrace more than they can hold.", "What in the conduct of our life appears.", "But by custom, conduct alone is now used to express the idea of behavior or course of life and manners.", "5. Exact behavior; regular life. Unusual.", "6. Management; mode of carrying on.", "Christianity has humanized the conduct of war.", "7. The title of two clergymen appointed to read prayers at Eton College in England.", "CONDUCT, v.t.", "1. To lead; to bring along; to guide; to accompany and show the way.", "And Judah came to Gilgal--to conduct the king over Jordan. 2 Samuel 19.", "2. To lead; to direct or point out the way.", "The precepts of Christ will conduct us to happiness.", "3. To lead; to usher in; to introduce; to attend in civility.", "Pray receive them nobly, and conduct them into our presence.", "4. To give a direction to; to manage; applied to things; as, the farmer conducts his affairs with prudence.", "5. To lead, as a commander; to direct; to govern; to command; as, to conduct an army or a division of troops.", "6. With the reciprocal pronoun, to conduct ones self, is to behave. Hence, by a customary omission of the pronoun, to conduct, in an intransitive sense, is to behave; to direct personal actions. See the Noun.", "7. To escort; to accompany and protect on the way."], "conducted": ["CONDUCTED, pp. Led; guided; directed; introduced; commanded; managed."], "conducting": ["CONDUCTING, ppr. Leading; escorting; introducing; commanding; behaving; managing."], "conduction": ["CONDUCTION, n.", "1. The act of training up. Not in use.", "2. Transmission through or by means of a conductor."], "conduit": ["CONDUIT, n. L., to conduct.", "1. A canal or pipe for the conveyance of water; an aqueduct. Conduits are made of lead, stone, cast iron, wood, &c., above or below the surface of the earth.", "2. A vessel that conveys the blood or other fluid.", "The conduits of my blood.", "3. A conductor.", "These organs are the nerves which are the conduits to convey them from without to their audience in the brain.", "4. A pipe or cock for drawing off liquor.", "5. Any channel that conveys water or fluids; a sink, sewer or drain."], "coney": ["CONEY. See Cony."], "confect": ["CONFECT, v.t. To make sweetmeats. Not used. See Comfit.", "CONFECT, n. L., See Comfit. Something prepared with sugar or honey, as fruit, hergs, roots and the like; a sweet-meat."], "confection": ["CONFECTION, n. L., to make.", "1. Any thing prepared with sugar, as fruit; a sweetmeat; something preserved.", "2. A composition or mixture.", "3. A soft electuary."], "confectionary": ["CONFECTIONARY, CONFECTIONER, n. One whose occupation is to make, or to sell sweetmeats, &c. The latter word is most generally used."], "confederacy": ["CONFEDERACY, n. L., a league. See Federal and Wed.", "1. A league, or covenant; a contract between two or more persons, bodies of men or states, combined in support of each other, in some act or enterprise; mutual engagement; federal compact.", "The friendships of the world are oft confederacies in vice. A confederacy of princes to check innovation.", "2. The persons, states or nations united by a league.", "Virgil has a whole confederacy against him.", "3. In law, a combination of two or more persons to commit an unlawful act."], "confederate": ["CONFEDERATE, a. L. United in a league; allied by treaty; engaged in a confederacy.", "These were confederate with Abram. Genesis 14.", "Syria is confederate with Ephraim. Isaiah 7."], "confederated": ["CONFED'ERATED, pp. United in a league."], "confederating": ["CONFED'ERATING, ppr. Uniting in a league."], "confederation": ["CONFEDERA'TION, L.", "1. The act of confederating; a league; a compact for mutual support; alliance; particularly of princes, nations or states.", "The three princes enter into a strict league and confederation.", "2. The United States of America are sometimes called the confederation."], "confer": ["CONFER', v.i. L., to bear, to bring forth, to show, to declare. See Bear. To discourse; to converse; to consult together; implying conversation on some serious or important subject, in distinction from mere talk or light familiar conversation; followed by with.", "Adonijah conferred with Joab and Abiathar. I Kings 1.", "Festus conferred with the council. Acts 25.", "CONFER', v.t.", "1. To give, or bestow; followed by on.", "Coronation confers on the king no royal authority.", "This word is particularly used to express the grant of favors, benefits and privileges to be enjoyed, or rights which are to be permanent; as, to confer on one the privileges of a citizen; to confer a title or an honor.", "2. To compare; to examine by comparison; literally, to bring together. See Compare.", "If we confer these observations with others of the like nature.", "This sense, though genuine, is now obsolete.", "3. To contribute; to conduce to; that is, to bring to. The closeness of parts confers much to the strength of the union, or intransitively, confers to the strength of the union."], "conference": ["CON'FERENCE, n. See Confer.", "1. The act of conversing on a serious subject; a discoursing between two or more, for the purpose of instruction, consultation, or deliberation; formal discourse; oral discussion.", "For they who seemed to be somewhat, in conference added nothing to me. Galatians 2.", "The ministers had a conference at Ratisbon.", "2. A meeting for consultation, discussion or instruction.", "3. Comparison; examination of things by comparison.", "The mutual conference of observations. The conference of different passages of scripture.", "This sense is, I believe, now obsolete."], "conferred": ["CONFER'RED, pp. Given; imparted; bestowed."], "conferring": ["CONFER'RING, ppr. Conversing together; bestowing."], "confess": ["CONFESS', v.t.L., to own or acknowledge.", "1. To own, acknowledge or avow, as a crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or something that is against one's interest, or reputation.", "Human faults with human grief confess.", "I confess the argument against me is good and not easily refuted.", "let us frankly confess our sins.", "\"Confess thee freely of thy sins,\" used by Shakespeare, is not legitimate, unless in the sense of Catholics.", "2. In the Catholic Church, to acknowledge sins and faults to a priest; to disclose the state of the conscience to a priest, in private, with a view to absolution; sometimes with the reciprocal pronoun.", "The beautiful votary confessed herself to this celebrated father.", "3. To own, avow or acknowledge; publicly to declare a belief in and adherence to.", "Whoever shall confess me before men. Matthew 10.", "4. To own and acknowledge, as true disciples, friends or children.", "Him will I confess before my father who is heaven.", "5. To own; to acknowledge; to declare to be true, or to admit or assent to in words; opposed to deny.", "Then will I confess to thee, that thine own right hand can save thee. Job 11.", "These-- confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on earth. Hebrews 11.", "6. To show by the effect; to prove; to attest.", "Tall thriving trees confessed the fruitful mold.", "7. To hear or receive the confession of another; as, the priest confessed the nuns.", "CONFESS', v.i. To make confession; to disclose faults, or the state of the conscience; as, this man went to the priest to confess."], "confessant": ["CONFESS'ANT, n. One who confesses to a priest."], "confessed": ["CONFESS'ED, pp. Owned; acknowledged; declared to be true; admitted in words; avowed; admitted to disclose to a priest."], "confessing": ["CONFESS'ING, ppr. Owning; avowing; declaring to be true or real; granting or admitting by assent; receiving disclosure of sins, or the state of the conscience of another."], "confession": ["CONFES'SION, n.", "1. The acknowledgment of a crime, fault or something to one's disadvantage; open declaration of guilt, failure, debt, accusation, &c.", "With the mouth confession is made to salvation. Romans 10.", "2. Avowal; the act of acknowledging; profession.", "Who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession. 1 Timothy 6.", "3. The act of disclosing sins or faults to a priest; the disburdening of the conscience privately to a confessor; sometimes called auricular confession.", "4. A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission into a church.", "5. The acknowledgment of a debt by a debtor before a justice of the peace, &c., on which judgment is entered and execution issued."], "confidant": ["CON'FIDANT, n. See Confident."], "confide": ["CONFI'DE, v.t. L., to trust. See Faith. To trust; to rely on, with a persuasion of faithfulness or veracity in the person trusted or of the reality of a fact; to give credit to ; to believe in, with assurance; followed by in. The prince confides in his ministers. The minister confides in the strength and resources of the nation. we confide in the veracity of the sacred historians. We confide in the truth of a report.", "CONFI'DE, v.t. To entrust; to commit to the charge of, with a belief in the fidelity of the person entrusted; to deliver into possession of another, with assurance of safe keeping, or good management; followed by to. We confide a secret to a friend. The prince confides a negotiation to his envoy. The common interests of the United States are confided to the Congress.", "They would take the property out of the hands of those to whom it was confided by the charter.", "Congress may, under the constitution, confide to the circuit court, jurisdiction of all offenses against the United States."], "confided": ["CONFI'DED, pp. Entrusted; committed to the care of, for preservation, or for performance or exercise."], "confidence": ["CON'FIDENCE, n. L. See Confide.", "1. A trusting, or reliance; an assurance of mind or firm belief in the integrity, stability or veracity of another, or in the truth and reality of a fact.", "It is better to trust in the Lord, than to put confidence in man. Psalm 118.", "I rejoice that I have confidence in you in all things. 2 Corinthians 7.", "Mutual confidence is the basis of social happiness.", "I place confidence in a statement, or in an official report.", "2. Trust; reliance; applied to one's own abilities, or fortune; belief in one's own competency.", "His times being rather prosperous than calm, had raised his confidence by success.", "3. That in which trust is placed; ground of trust; he or that which supports.", "Israel was ashamed of Beth-el their confidence. Jeremiah 48.", "Jehovah shall be thy confidence. Proverbs 3.", "4. Safety, or assurance of safety; security.", "They shall build houses and plant vineyards; yea, they shall dwell with confidence. Ezekiel 28.", "5. Boldness; courage.", "Preaching the kingdom of God with all confidence. Acts 28.", "6. Excessive boldness; assurance, proceeding forom vanity or a false opinion of one's own abilities, or excellencies.", "Their confidence ariseth from too much credit given to their own wits."], "confident": ["CON'FIDENT, a.", "1. Having full belief; trusting; relying; fully assured.", "I am confident that much may be cone towards the improvement of philosophy.", "The troops rush on, confident of success.", "2. Positive; dogmatical; as a confident talker.", "3. Trusting; without suspicion.", "Rome, be as just and gracious unto me, as I am confident and kind to thee.", "4. Bold to a vice; having an excess of assurance.", "The fool rageth and is confident. Proverbs 14.", "CON'FIDENT, n. One entrusted with secrets; a confidential or bosom friend.", "This word has been usually, but improperly, written confidant. I have followed the regular English orthography, as Coxe and Mitford have done."], "confidently": ["CON'FIDENTLY, adv. With firm trust; with strong assurance; without doubt or wavering of opinion; positively; as, to believe confidently; to assert confidently."], "confidentness": ["CON'FIDENTNESS, n. Confidence; the quality or state of having full reliance."], "confider": ["CONFI'DER, n. one who confides; one who entrusts to another."], "confirm": ["CONFIRM, v.t. L., to make firm. See Firm.", "1. To make firm, or more firm; to add strength to; to strengthen; as, health is confirmed by exercise.", "2. To fix more firmly; to settle or establish.", "Confirming the souls of the disciples. Acts 14.", "I confirm thee in the priesthood. Maccabees.", "Confirm the crown to me and to mine heirs.", "3. To make firm or certain; to give new assurance of truth or certainty; to put past doubt.", "The testimony of Christ was confirmed in you. 1 Corinthians 1.", "4. To fix; to radicate; as, the patient has a confirmed dropsy.", "5. To strengthen; to ratify; as, to confirm an agreement, promise, covenant or title.", "6. To make more firm; to strengthen; as, to confirm an opinion, a purpose or resolution.", "7. To admit to the full privileges of a Christian, by the imposition of hands."], "confirmable": ["CONFIRMABLE, a. That may be confirmed, established or ratified; capable of being made more certain."], "confirmation": ["CONFIRMATION, n.", "1. The act of confirming or establishing; a fixing, settling, establishing or making more certain or firm; establishment.", "In the defense and confirmation of the gospel, ye are all partakers of my grace. Philippians 1.", "2. The act of ratifying; as the confirmation of a promise, covenant, or stipulation.", "3. The act of giving new strength; as the confirmation of health.", "4. The act of giving new evidence; as the confirmation of opinion or report.", "5. That which confirms; that which gives new strength or assurance; additional evidence; proof; convincing testimony; as, this fact or this argument is a confirmation of what was before alleged.", "6. In law, an assurance of title, by the conveyance of an estate or right in esse, from one man to another, by which a voidable estate is made sure or unavoidable, or a particular estate is increased, or a possession made perfect.", "7. In church affairs, the act of ratifying the election of an archbishop or bishop, by the king, or by persons of his appointment.", "8. The act or ceremony of laying on of hands, in the admission of baptized person to the enjoyment of Christian privileges. The person to be confirmed brings his godfather and godmother, and takes upon himself the baptismal vows. This is practiced in the Greek, Roman, and Episcopal churches."], "confirmative": ["CONFIRMATIVE, a. Having the power of confirming; tending to establish."], "confirmator": ["CONFIRMATOR, n. He or that which confirms."], "confirmed": ["CONFIRMED, pp.", "1. Made more firm; strengthened; established.", "2. Admitted to the full privileges of the church."], "confirmer": ["CONFIRMER, n. He or that which confirms, establishes or ratifies; one that produces new evidence; an attester."], "confirming": ["CONFIRMING, ppr. Making firm or more firm; strengthening; ratifying; giving additional evidence or proof; establishing."], "confirmingly": ["CONFIRMINGLY, adv. In a manner to strengthen or make firm."], "confiscable": ["CONFISCABLE, a. See Confiscate. That may be confiscated; liable to forfeiture."], "confiscate": ["CONFISCATE, v.t. L., a basket, hamper or bag; hence, revenue or the Emperors treasure. To adjudge to be forfeited to the public treasury, as the goods or estate of a traitor or other criminal, by way of penalty; or to condemn private forfeited property to public use.", "The estate of the rebels was seized and confiscated.", "CONFISCATE, a. Forfeited and adjudged to the public treasury, as the goods of a criminal."], "confiscated": ["CONFISCATED, pp. Adjudged to the public treasury, as forfeited goods or estate."], "confiscating": ["CONFISCATING, ppr. Adjudging to the public use."], "confiscation": ["CONFISCATION, n. The act of condemning as forfeited, and adjudging to the public treasury; as the goods of a criminal who has committed a public offense. Ezra 7. 26."], "confiscator": ["CONFISCATOR, n. One who confiscates."], "conflict": ["CONFLICT, n. L., to strike, to flog, to lick.", "1. A striking or dashing against each other, as of two moving bodies in opposition; violent collision of substances; as a conflict of elements, or waves; a conflict of particles in ebulltion.", "2. A fighting; combat, as between men, and applicable to individuals or to armies; as, the conflict was long and desperate.", "3. Contention; strife; contest.", "In our last conflict, four of his five wits went halting off.", "4. Struggling with difficulties; a striving to oppose, or overcome.", "The good man has a perpetual conflict with his evil propensities.", "5. A struggling of the mind; distress; anxiety. Colossians 2.", "6. The last struggle of life; agony; as the conflict with death.", "7. Opposing operations; countervailing action; collision; opposition.", "In exercising the right of freemen, the man of religion experiences no conflict between his duty and his inclination.", "CONFLICT, v.i.", "1. To strike or dash against; to meet and oppose, as bodies driven by violence; as conflicting waves or elements.", "2. To drive or strike against, as contending men, or armies; to fight; to contend with violence; as conflicting armies.", "3. To strive or struggle to resist and overcome; as men conflicting with difficulties.", "4. To be in opposition or contradictory.", "The laws of the United States and of the individual States, may, in some cases, conflict with each other."], "conflicting": ["CONFLICTING, ppr.", "1. Striking, or dashing together; fighting; contending; struggling to resist and overcome.", "2. Being in opposition; contrary; contradictory.", "In the absence of all conflicting evidence."], "conform": ["CONFORM, a. L., form. Made to resemble; assuming the same form; like; resembling. Little used.", "CONFORM, v.t. L., to form, or shape, form.", "1. To make like, in external appearance; to reduce to a like shape, or form, with something else; with to; as, to conform any thing to a model.", "2. More generally, to reduce to a likeness or correspondence in manners, opinions or moral qualities.", "For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his son. Romans 8.", "Be not conformed to this world. Romans 7.", "3. To make agreeable to; to square with a rule or directory.", "Demand of them why they conform not themselves to the order of the church?", "CONFORM, v.i.", "1. To comply with or yield to; to live or act according to; as, to conform to the fashion or to custom.", "2. To comply with; to obey; as, to conform to the laws of the state."], "conformable": ["CONFORMABLE, a.", "1. Correspondent; having the same or similar external form, or shape; like; resembling; as an edifice conformable to a model or draft.", "2. Having the same or similar manners, opinions or moral qualities.", "The Gentiles were not made conformable to the Jews, in that which was to cease at the coming of Christ.", "3. Agreeable; suitable; consistent; as, nature is conformable to herself.", "4. Compliant; ready to follow directions; submissive; obsequious; peaceable; disposed to obey.", "I have been to you a true and humble wife, At all time to your will conformable.", "It is generally followed by to, but good writers have used with. In its etymological sense, that may be conformed, capable of being conformed, it seems not to be used."], "conformably": ["CONFORMABLY, adv. With or in conformity; suitably; agreeably.", "Let us settle, in our own minds, what rules to pursue and act conformably."], "conformation": ["CONFORMATION, n.", "1. The manner in which a body is formed; the particular texture or structure of a body, or disposition of the parts which compose it; form; structure; often with relation to some other body, and with adaptation to some purpose or effect.", "Light of different colors is reflected from bodies, according to their different conformation. Varieties of sound depend on the conformation of the organs.", "2. The act of conforming; the act of producing suitableness, or conformity; with to; as the conformation of our hearts and lives to the duties of true religion.", "3. In medical science, the particular make or construction of the body peculiar to an individual; as a good or bad conformation."], "conformed": ["CONFORMED, pp. Made to resemble; reduced to a likeness of; made agreeable to; suited."], "conformer": ["CONFORMER, n. One who conforms; one who complies with established forms or doctrines."], "conforming": ["CONFORMING, ppr. Reducing to a likeness; adapting; complying with."], "conformity": ["CONFORMITY, n.", "1. Likeness; correspondence with a model in form or manner; resemblance; agreement; congruity with something else; followed by to or with.", "A ship is constructed in conformity to a model, or in conformity with a model.", "True happiness consists in conformity of life to the divine law.", "2. Consistency; agreement.", "Many instances prove the conformity of the essay with the notions of Hippocrates.", "3. In theology, correspondence in manners and principles; compliance with customs.", "Live no in conformity with the world."], "confound": ["CONFOUND, v.t. L., to pour out. Literally, to pour or throw together.", "1. To mingle and blend different things, so that their forms or natures cannot be distinguished; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that individuals cannot be distinguished.", "2. To throw into disorder.", "Let us go down, and there confound their language. Genesis 11.", "3. To mix or blend, so as to occasion a mistake of one thing for another.", "A fluid body and a wetting liquor, because they agree in many things, are wont to be confounded.", "Men may confound ideas with words.", "4. To perplex; to disturb the apprehension by indistinctness of ideas or words.", "Men may confound each other by unintelligible terms or wrong application of words.", "5. To abash; to throw the mind into disorder; to cast down; to make ashamed.", "Be thou confounde and ber thy shame. Ezekiel 16.", "Saul confounded the Jews at Damascus. Acts 9.", "6. To perplex with terror; to terrify; to dismay; to astonish; to throw into consternation; to stupify with amazement.", "So spake the Son of God; and Satan stood a while as mute confounded what to say.", "The multitude came together and were confounded. Acts 2.", "7. To destroy; to overthrow.", "So deep a malice to confound the race of mankind in one root."], "confounded": ["CONFOUNDED, pp.", "1. Mixed or blended in disorder; perplexed; abashed; dismayed; put to shame and silence; astonished.", "2. Enormous; as a confounded tory. Vulgar."], "confounder": ["CONFOUNDER, n. One who confounds; one who disturbs the mind, perplexes, refutes, frustrates and puts to shame or silence; one who terrifies."], "confounding": ["CONFOUNDING, ppr. Mixing and blending; putting into disorder; perplexing; disturbing the mind; abashing, and putting to shame and silence; astonishing."], "confuse": ["CONFUSE, v.t. L. See Confound.", "1. To mix or blend things, so that they cannot be distinguished.", "Stunning sounds and voices all confused.", "Every battle of the warrior is with confused noise. Isaiah 9.", "2. To disorder; as, a sudden alarm confused the troops; a careless bookkeeper has confused the accounts.", "3. To perplex; to render indistinct; as, the clamor confused his ideas.", "4. To throw the mind into disorder; to cast down or abash; to cause to blush; to agitate by surprise, or shame; to disconcert.", "A sarcastic remark confused the gentleman and he could not proceed in his argument.", "Confused and sadly she at length replied."], "confused": ["CONFUSED, pp.", "1. Mixed; blended, so that the things or persons mixed cannot be distinguished.", "Some cried one thing, and some another; for the assembly was confused. Acts 19.", "2. Perplexed by disorder, or want of system; as a confused account.", "3. Abashed; put to the blush or to shame; agitated; disconcerted."], "confusion": ["CONFUSION, n.", "1. In a general sense, a mixture of several things promiscuously; hence, disorder; irregularity; as the confusion of tongues at Babel.", "2. Tumult; want of order in society.", "The whole city was filled with confusion. Acts 19.", "God is not the author of confusion. 1 Corinthians. 14.", "3. A blending or confounding; indistinct combination; opposed to distinctness or perspicuity; as a confusion of ideas.", "4. Abashment; shame.", "O Lord, let me never be put to confusion. Psalm 71.", "We lie in shame and our confusion covereth us. Jeremiah 3.", "5. Astonishment; agitation; perturbation; distraction of mind.", "Confusion dwelt in every face.", "6. Overthrow; defeat; ruin.", "The makers of idols shall go to confusion together. Isaiah 45.", "7. A shameful blending of natures, a shocking crime. Leviticus 18:23, 20:12."], "congeal": ["CONGEAL, v.t. L., to freeze, has the elements of cool, but it may be a different word.", "1. To change from a fluid to a solid sate, as by cold, or a loss of heat, as water in freezing, liquid metal or wax in cooling, blood in stagnating or cooling, &c.; to harden into ice, or into a substance of less solidity. Cold congeals water into ice, or vapor into hoar frost or snow, and blood into a less solid mass, or clot.", "2. To bind or fix with cold. Applied to the circulating blood, it does not signify absolutely to harden, but to cause a sensation of cold, a shivering, or a receding of the blood from the extremities; as, the frightful scene congealed his blood.", "CONGEAL, v.i. To grow hard, stiff or thick; to pass from a fluid to a solid state; to concrete into a solid mass. Melted lead congelas; water congeals; blood congeals."], "congealable": ["CONGEALABLE, a. That may be congealed; capable of being converted from a fluid to a solid state."], "congealed": ["CONGEALED, pp. Converted into ice, or a solid mass, by the loss of heat or other process; concreted."], "congealing": ["CONGEALING, ppr. Changing from a liquid to a solid state; concreting."], "congealment": ["CONGEALMENT, n. A clot or concretion; that which is formed by congelation. Also, congelation."], "congratulant": ["CONGRATULANT, a. Rejoicing in participation."], "congratulate": ["CONGRATULATE, v.t. L., grateful, pleasing. See Grace. To profess ones pleasure or joy to another on account of an event deemed happy or fortunate, as on the birth of a child, success in an enterprise, victory, escape from danger, &c.; to wish joy to another. We congratulate the nation on the restoration of peace.", "Formerly this verb was followed by to. The subjects of England may congratulate to themselves. But this use of to is entirely obsolete. The use of with after this verb, I congratulate with my country, is perhaps less objectionable, but is rarely used. The intransitive sense of the verb may therefore be considered as antiquated, and no longer legitimate."], "congratulated": ["CONGRATULATED, pp. Complimented with expressions of joy at a happy event."], "congratulating": ["CONGRATULATING, ppr. Professing ones joy or satisfaction on account of some happy event, prosperity or success."], "congratulation": ["CONGRATULATION, n. The act of professing ones joy or satisfaction on account of some happy event, prosperity or success.", "CONGRATULATION, n. The act of professing ones joy or good wishes at the success or happiness of another, or on account of an event deemed fortunate to both parties or to the community."], "congratulator": ["CONGRATULATOR, n. One who offers congratulation."], "congregate": ["CONGREGATE, v.t. L., a herd. See Gregarious. To collect separate persons or things into an assemblage; to assemble; to bring into one place, or into a crowd or united body; as, to congregate men or animals; to congregate waters or sands.", "CONGREGATE, v.i. To come together; to assemble; to meet.", "Equals with equals often congregate.", "CONGREGATE, a. Collected; compact; close. Little used."], "congregated": ["CONGREGATED, pp. Collected; assembled in one place."], "congregating": ["CONGREGATING, ppr. Collecting; assembling; coming together."], "congregation": ["CONGREGATION, n.", "1. The act of bringing together, or assembling.", "2. A collection or assemblage of separate things; as a congregation of vapors.", "3. More generally, an assembly or persons; and appropriately, an assembly of persons met for the worship of God, and for religious instruction.", "4. An assembly of rulers. Numbers 35.", "5. An assembly of ecclesiastics or cardinals appointed by the pope; as the congregation of the holy office, &c. Also, a company or society of religious cantoned out of an order.", "6. An academical assembly for transacting business of the university."], "congregational": ["CONGREGATIONAL, a. Pertaining to a congregation; appropriately used of such Christians as hold to church government by consent and election, maintaining that each congregation is independent of others, and has the right to choose its own pastor and govern itself; as a congregational church, or mode of worship."], "conquer": ["CONQUER, v.t.", "1. To subdue; to reduce, by physical force, till resistance is no longer made; to overcome; to vanquish. Alexander conquered Asia. The Romans conquered Carthage.", "2. To gain by force; to win; to take possession by violent means; to gain dominion or sovereignty over, as the subduing of the power of an enemy generally implies possession of the person or thing subdued by the conqueror. Thus, a king or an army conquers a country, or a city, which is afterward restored.", "3. To subdue opposition or resistance of the will by moral force; to overcome by argument, persuasion or other influence.", "Anna conquers but to save, and governs but to bless.", "He went forth conquering, and to conquer. Revelations. 6.", "4. To overcome, as difficulties; to surmount, as obstacles; to subdue whatever opposes; as, to conquer the passions; to conquer reluctance.", "5. To gain or obtain by effort; as, to conquer freedom; to conquer peace; a French application of the word.", "CONQUER, v.i. To overcome; to gain the victory.", "The champions resolved to conquer or to die."], "conquerable": ["CONQUERABLE, a. That may be conquered, overcome or subdued."], "conquered": ["CONQUERED, pp. Overcome; subdued; vanquished; gained; won."], "conquering": ["CONQUERING, ppr. Overcoming; subduing; vanquishing; obtaining."], "conqueror": ["CONQUEROR, n. One who conquers; one who gains a victory; one who subdues and brings into subjection or possession, by force or by influence. The man who defeats his antagonist in combat is a conqueror, as is the general or admiral who defeats his enemy."], "conscience": ["CONSCIENCE, n. L., to know, to be privy to.", "1. Internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right and wrong; or the faculty, power or principle within us, which decides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our own actions and affections, and instantly approves or condemns them. Conscience is called by some writers the moral sense, and considered as an original faculty of our nature. Others question the propriety of considering conscience as a distinct faculty or principle. The consider it rather as the general principle of moral approbation or disapprobation, applied to ones own conduct and affections; alledging that our notions of right and wrong are not to be deduced from a single principle or faculty, but from various powers of the understanding and will.", "Being convicted by their own conscience, they went out one by one. John 8.", "The conscience manifests itself in the feeling of obligation we experience, which precedes, attends and follows our actions.", "Conscience is first occupied in ascertaining our duty, before we proceed to action; then in judging of our actions when performed.", "2. The estimate or determination of conscience; justice; honesty.", "What you require cannot, in conscience, be deferred.", "3. Real sentiment; private thought; truth; as, do you in conscience believe the story?", "4. Consciousness; knowledge of our own actions or thought.", "The sweetest cordial we receive at last, is conscience of our virtuous actions past.", "This primary sense of the word is nearly, perhaps wholly obsolete.", "5. Knowledge of the actions of others.", "6. In ludicrous language, reason or reasonableness.", "Half a dozen fools are, in all conscience, as many as you should require.", "To make conscience or a matter of conscience, is to act according to the dictates of conscience, or to scruple to act contrary to its dictates.", "Court of conscience, a court established for the recovery of small debts in London and other trading cities and districts."], "conscienced": ["CONSCIENCED, a. Having conscience."], "consecrate": ["CONSECRATE, v.t. L., to consecrate, sacred. See Sacred.", "1. To make or declare to be sacred, by certain ceremonies or rites; to appropriate to sacred uses; to set apart, dedicate, or devote, to the service and worship of God; as, to consecrate a church.", "Thou shalt consecrate Aaron and his sons. Exodus 29.", "All the silver, and gold, and vessels of brass and iron, are consecrated to the Lord. Joshua 6.", "2. To canonize; to exalt to the rank of a saint; to enroll among the gods, as a Roman emperor.", "3. To set apart and bless the elements in the eucharist.", "4. To render venerable; to make respected; as, rules or principles consecrated by time.", "CONSECRATE, a. Sacred; consecrated; devoted; dedicated.", "They were assembled in that consecrate place.", "This word is now seldom used, unless in poetry."], "consecrated": ["CONSECRATED, pp. Made sacred by ceremonies or solemn rites; separated from a common to a sacred use; devoted or dedicated to the service and worship of God; made venerable."], "consecrating": ["CONSECRATING, ppr. Making sacred; appropriating to a sacred use; dedicating to the service of God; devoting; rendering venerable."], "consecration": ["CONSECRATION, n.", "1. The act or ceremony of separating form a common to a sacred use, or of devoting and dedicating a person or thing to the service and worship of God, by certain rites or solemnities. Consecration does not make a person or thing really holy, but declares it to be sacred, that is, devoted to God or to divine service; as the consecration of the priests among the Israelites; the consecration of the vessels used in the temple; the consecration of a bishop.", "2. Canonization; the act of translating into heaven, and enrolling or numbering among the saints or gods; the ceremony of the apotheosis of an emperor.", "3. The benediction of the elements in the eucharist; the act of setting apart and blessing the elements in the communion."], "consecrator": ["CONSECRATOR, n. One who consecrates; one who performs the rites by which a person or thing is devoted or dedicated to sacred purposes."], "consent": ["CONSENT, n. L., to be of one mind, to agree; to think, feel or perceive. See Sense and Assent.", "1. Agreement of the mind to what is proposed or state by another; accord; hence, a yielding of the mind or will to that which is proposed; as, a parent gives his consent to the marriage of his daughter. We generally use this word in cases where power, rights, and claims are concerned. We give consent, when we yield that which we have a right to withhold; but we do not give consent to a mere opinion, or abstract proposition. In this case, we give our assent. But assent is also used in conceding what we may withhold. We give our assent to the marriage of a daughter. Consequently, assent has a more extensive application than consent. But the distinction is not always observed. Consent often amounts to permission.", "Defraud ye not one another, except with consent for a time. 1 Corinthians 7.", "2. Accord of minds; agreement; unity of opinion.", "All with one consent began to make excuse. Luke 14.", "The company of priests murder by consent. Hosea. 6.", "3. Agreement; coherence; correspondence in parts, qualities, or operation.", "Such is the worlds great harmony that springs from union, order, full consent of things.", "4. In the animal economy, an agreement, or sympathy, by which one affected part of the system affects some distant part. This consent is supposed to exist in, or be produced by the nerves; and the affections to be communicated from one part to another by means of their ramifications and distribution through the body. Thus, the stone in the bladder, by vellicating the fibers, will produce spasms and colic in the bowels; a shameful thing seen or heard will produce blushing in the cheeks. But many facts indicate that other causes than nervous communication produce sympathy.", "CONSENT, v.i. L. See the Noun.", "1. Literally, to think with another. Hence, to agree or accord. More generally, to agree in mind and will; to yield to what one has the power, the right, or the disposition to withhold, or refuse to grant.", "If sinners entice thee, consent thou not. Proverbs 1.", "And Saul was consenting to Stephens death. Acts 8.", "Only let us consent to them, and they will dwell with us. Genesis 34.", "2. To agree.", "When thou sawest a thief, thou consentedst with him. Psalm 1.", "3. To assent.", "I consent to the law that it is good. Romans 7. 1 Timothy 6."], "consenter": ["CONSENTER, n. One who consents."], "consider": ["CONSIDER, v.t. L., to consider, to view attentively, to sit by; to sit. See Sit. The literal sense is, to sit by or close, or to set the mind or the eye to; hence, to view or examine with attention.", "1. To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination; to think on with care; to ponder; to study; to meditate on.", "Know, therefore, this day, and consider it in thy heart. Deuteronomy 4.", "Hast thou considered my servant Job? Job 1.", "Consider the lilies of the field how they grow. Matthew 6.", "2. To view attentively; to observe and examine.", "The priest shall consider the leprosy. Leviticus 13.", "3. To attend to; to relieve.", "Blessed is he that considereth the poor. Psalm 41.", "4. To have regard to; to respect.", "Let us consider one another, to provoke to love, and to good words. Hebrews 10.", "5. To take into view in examination, or into account in estimates.", "In adjusting accounts, services, time, and expense ought to be considered.", "6. In the imperative, consider is equivalent to, think with care, attend, examine the subject with a view to truth or the consequences of a measure. So we use see, observe, think, attend.", "7. To requite; to reward; particularly for gratuitous services.", "CONSIDER, v.i.", "1. To think seriously, maturely or carefully; to reflect.", "None considereth in his heart, neither is there knowledge or understanding. Isaiah 44.", "In the day of adversity consider. Ecclesiastes 7.", "2. To deliberate; to turn in the mind; as in the case of a single person; to deliberate or consult, as numbers; sometimes followed by of; as, I will consider your case, or of your case.", "The apostles and elders come together to consider of this matter. Acts 15.", "3. To doubt; to hesitate."], "considerative": ["CONSIDERATIVE, a. Taking into consideration. Little used."], "considered": ["CONSIDERED, pp. Thought of with care; pondered; viewed attentively; deliberated on; examined."], "considering": ["CONSIDERING, ppr. Fixing the mind on; meditating on; pondering; viewing with care and attention; deliberating on.", "Note. We have a peculiar use of this word, which may be a corruption for considered, or which may be a deviation from analogy by an insensible change in the structure of the phrase. It is not possible for us to act otherwise, considering the weakness of our nature. As a participle, this word must here refer to us, or the sentence cannot be resolved by any rule of English syntax. It should be correct to say, It is not possible for us to act otherwise, the weakness of our nature being considered; or We, considering the weakness of our nature, cannot act otherwise. But the latter phrase is better grammar, than it is sense. We use other participles in like manner; as, Allowing for tare, the weight could not be more than a hundred pounds. These and similar phrases are anomalous. But considering is no more a kind of conjunction, in such phrases, than it is a noun.", "CONSIDERING, n. The act of deliberating, or carefully attending to; hesitation; as, many mazed considerings."], "consideringly": ["CONSIDERINGLY, adv. With consideration or deliberation. Whole Duty of Man."], "consist": ["CONSIST, v.i. L., to stand.", "1. To stand together; to be in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts in union or connection. Hence, to be; to exist; to subsist; to be supported and maintained.", "He was before all things, and by him all things consist. Colossians 1.", "2. To stand or be; to lie; to be contained; followed by in.", "The beauty of epistolary writing consists in case and freedom.", "3. To be composed; followed by of.", "A landscape should consist of a variety of scenery.", "To consist together, to coexist; to have being concurrently.", "Necessity and election cannot consist together in the same act.", "To consist with, to agree; to be in accordance with; to be compatible.", "Health consists with temperance alone."], "consistence": ["CONSISTENCE, CONSISTENCY, n.", "1. A standing together; a being fixed in union, as the parts of a body; that state of a body, in which its component parts remain fixed.", "The consistency of bodies is divers; dense, rare, tangible, pneumatical, volatile, &c.", "2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite.", "Let the juices or liquor be boiled into the consistency of syrup.", "3. Substance; make; firmness of constitution; as, friendship of a lasting consistency; resolutions of durable consistence.", "4. A standing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct, &c.; agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different times; congruity; uniformity; as the consistency of laws, regulations or judicial decisions; consistency of opinion; consistency of behavior or of character.", "There is harmony and consistency in all Gods works.", "5. A standing; a state of rest, in which things capable of growth or decrease, remain for a time at a stand."], "consistency": ["CONSISTENCE, CONSISTENCY, n.", "1. A standing together; a being fixed in union, as the parts of a body; that state of a body, in which its component parts remain fixed.", "The consistency of bodies is divers; dense, rare, tangible, pneumatical, volatile, &c.", "2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite.", "Let the juices or liquor be boiled into the consistency of syrup.", "3. Substance; make; firmness of constitution; as, friendship of a lasting consistency; resolutions of durable consistence.", "4. A standing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct, &c.; agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different times; congruity; uniformity; as the consistency of laws, regulations or judicial decisions; consistency of opinion; consistency of behavior or of character.", "There is harmony and consistency in all Gods works.", "5. A standing; a state of rest, in which things capable of growth or decrease, remain for a time at a stand."], "consistent": ["CONSISTENT, a. L. See Consist.", "1. Fixed; firm; not fluid; as the consistent parts of a body, distinguished from the fluid.", "2. Standing together or in agreement; compatible; congruous; uniform; not contradictory or opposed; as, two opinions or schemes are consistent; let a man be consistent with himself; the law is consistent with justice and policy.", "So two consistent motions act the soul"], "consistently": ["CONSISTENTLY, adv. In a consistent manner; in agreement; agreeably; as, to command confidence, a man must act consistently."], "consol": ["CONSOL, n. from consolidate. Consols, in England, are the funds or stocks formed by the consolidation of different annuities."], "consolable": ["CONSOLABLE, a. See Console. That admits comfort; capable of receiving consolation."], "consolate": ["CONSOLATE, v.t. To comfort. See Console."], "consolation": ["CONSOLATION, n. L. See Console.", "1. Comfort; alleviation of misery, or distress of mind; refreshment of mind or spirits; a comparative degree of happiness in distress or misfortune, springing from any circumstance that abates the evil, or supports and strengthens the mind, as hope, joy, courage and the like.", "Against such cruelties, with inward consolations recompensd.", "We have great joy and consolation in thy love. Philemon 7.", "2. That which comforts, or refreshes the spirits; the cause of comfort; as the consolation of Israel. Luke 2."], "consolator": ["CONSOLATOR, n. One who comforts."], "console": ["CONSOLE, v.t. L. The primary sense is either to set or allay, to give rest or quiet, or the sense is to strengthen, in which case it coincides with the root of solid. The latter is most probable. To comfort; to cheer the mind in distress or depression; to alleviate grief, and give refreshment to the mind or spirits; to give contentment or moderate happiness by relieving from distress.", "The promises of the gospel may well console the Christian in all the afflictions of life.", "It is a consoling reflection that the evils of life are temporary.", "I am much consoled by the reflection that the religion of Christ has been attacked in vain by all the wits and philosophers, and its triumph has been complete."], "consoled": ["CONSOLED, pp. Comforted; cheered."], "consoler": ["CONSOLER, n. One that gives comfort."], "consort": ["CONSORT, n. L., sort, state, kind.", "1. A companion; a partner; an intimate associate; particularly, a partner of the bed; a wife or husband.", "He single chose to live, and shunnd to wed, well pleased to want a consort of his bed.", "2. An assembly or association of persons, convened for consultation.", "3. Union; conjunction; concurrence.", "4. A number of instruments played together; a symphony; a concert. In this sense, concert is now used.", "5. In navigation, any vessel keeping company with another.", "Queen consort, the wife of a king, as distinguished from a queen regent, who rules alone, and a queen dowager, the widow of a king.", "CONSORT, v.i. To associate; to unite in company; to keep company; followed by with.", "Which of the Grecian chiefs consorts with thee."], "consortable": ["CONSORTABLE, a. Suitable."], "consorted": ["CONSORTED, pp. United in marriage."], "consorting": ["CONSORTING, ppr. Uniting in company with; associating."], "consortion": ["CONSORTION, n. Fellowship. Not used."], "conspiracy": ["CONSPIRACY, n. L. See Conspire.", "1. A combination of men for an evil purpose; an agreement between two or more persons, to commit some crime in concert; particularly, a combination to commit treason, or excite sedition or insurrection against the government of a state; a plot; as a conspiracy against the life of a king; a conspiracy against the government.", "More than forty had made this conspiracy. Acts 23.", "2. In law, an agreement between two or more persons, falsely and maliciously to indict, or procure to be indicted, an innocent person of felony.", "3. A concurrence; a general tendency of two or more causes to one event."], "conspirant": ["CONSPIRANT, a. L. Conspiring; plotting; engaging in a plot to commit a crime."], "conspiration": ["CONSPIRATION, n. Conspiracy; agreement or concurrence of things to one end."], "conspirator": ["CONSPIRATOR, n.", "1. One who conspires; one who engages in a plot to commit a crime, particularly treason.", "2. In law, one who agrees with another falsely and maliciously to indict an innocent person of felony. By the British statute, a conspirator is defined to be one who binds himself by oath, covenant, or other alliance, to assist another falsely and maliciously to indict a person, or falsely to maintain pleas."], "conspire": ["CONSPIRE, v.i. L., to plot; to breathe. But the primary sense is to throw, to wind; hence spira, a fold, circle, wreath or band; and the sense of the verb is, to breathe together, or more probably, to wind or band together.", "1. To agree, by oath, covenant or otherwise, to commit a crime; to plot; to hatch treason.", "The servants of Ammon conspired against him, and slew the king in his own house. 2 Kings 21.", "They conspired against Joseph to slay him. Genesis 37.", "2. In law, to agree falsely and maliciously to indict an innocent person of felony.", "3. To agree; to concur to one end.", "The press, the pulpit, and the stage, conspire to censure and expose our age.", "All things conspire to make us prosperous."], "conspirer": ["CONSPIRER, n. One who conspires or plots; a conspirator."], "conspiring": ["CONSPIRING, ppr.", "1. Agreeing to commit a crime; plotting; uniting or concurring to one end.", "2. In mechanics, conspiring powers are such as act in a direction not opposite to one another; cooperating powers."], "conspiringly": ["CONSPIRINGLY, adv. In the manner of a conspiracy; by conspiracy."], "constant": ["CONSTANT, a. L.", "1. Fixed; firm; opposed to fluid.", "To turn two fluid liquors into a constant body.", "In this sense, not used.", "2. Fixed; not varied; unchanged; permanent; immutable.", "The worlds a scene of changes, and to be constant, in nature were inconstancy.", "3. Fixed or firm in mind, purpose, affection or principle; unshaken; unmoved; as a constant friend or lover.", "4. Certain; steady; firmly adherent; with to; as a man constant to his purpose, or to his duties."], "constantly": ["CONSTANTLY, adv. Firmly; steadily; invariably; continually; perseveringly.", "Rhoda constantly affirmed that it was even so. Acts 12.", "These things I will that thou affirm constantly. Titus 3."], "constellate": ["CONSTELLATE, v.i. Low L., to shine, a star. To join luster; to shine with united radiance or one general light. Little used.", "The several things which engage our affections shine forth and constellate in God.", "CONSTELLATE, v.t. To unite several shining bodies in one splendor. Little used."], "constellated": ["CONSTELLATED, pp.", "1. United in one splendor.", "2. Starry; set or adorned with stars or constellations."], "constellation": ["CONSTELLATION, n.", "1. A cluster of fixed stars; an asterism; a number of stars which appear as if situated near each other in the heavens, and are considered as forming a particular division. The constellations are reduced mostly to the figures of certain animals or other known things, as the bear, the bull, the ram, the balance, &c.", "For the stars of heaven, and the constellations thereof, shall not give their light. Isaiah 13.", "2. An assemblage of splendors or excellencies."], "constrain": ["CONSTRAIN, v.t. L., to strain, to bind. See Strain. In a general sense, to strain; to press; to urge; to drive; to exert force, physical or moral, either in urging to action or in restraining it. Hence,", "1. To compel or force; to urge with irresistible power, or with a power sufficient to produce the effect.", "The spirit within me constraineth me. Job 32.", "I was constrained to appeal to Caesar. Acts 28.", "For the love of Christ constraineth us. 2 Corinthians 5.", "2. To confine by fore; to restrain from escape or action; to repress.", "My sire in caves constrains the winds.", "3. To hold by force; to press; to confine.", "How the strait stays the slender waist constrain.", "4. To constringe; to bind.", "When winter frosts constrain the field with cold.", "5. To tie fast; to bind; to chain; to confine.", "He binds in chains the drowsy prophet, and his limbs constrains.", "6. To necessitate.", "Did fate or we the adulterous act constrain?", "7. To force; to ravish. Not used.", "8. To produce in opposition to nature; as a constrained voice; constrained notes."], "constrainable": ["CONSTRAINABLE, a. That may be constrained, forced, or repressed; liable to constraint, or to restraint."], "constrained": ["CONSTRAINED, pp. Urged irresistibly or powerfully; compelled; forced; restrained; confined; bound; imprisoned; necessitated."], "constrainer": ["CONSTRAINER, n. One who constrains."], "constraining": ["CONSTRAINING, ppr. Urging with irresistible or powerful force; compelling; forcing; repressing; confining; holding by force; pressing; binding."], "constraint": ["CONSTRAINT, n. Irresistible force, or its effect; any force, or power, physical or moral, which compels to act or to forbear action, or which urges so strongly as to produce its effect upon the body or mind; compulsion; restraint; confinement.", "Not by constraint, but by my choice, I came.", "Feed the flock of God, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly. 1 Peter 5."], "constraintive": ["CONSTRAINTIVE, a. Having power to compel."], "consult": ["CONSULT, v.i. L., to consult, to ask counsel.", "1. To seek the opinion or advice of another by, by a statement of facts, and suitable inquiries, for the purpose of directing ones own judgment; followed by with.", "Rehoboam consulted with the old men. 1 Kings 12.", "David consulted with the captains of thousands. 1 Chronicles 13.", "2. To take counsel together; to seek opinions and advice by mutual statements, enquiries and reasonings; to deliberate in common.", "The chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus to death. John 12.", "3. To consider with deliberation. Luke 14.", "CONSULT, v.t.", "1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of another, as a guide to ones own judgment; as, to consult a friend or parent.", "2. To seek information, or facts, in something; as by examining books or papers, Thus, I consulted several authors on the subject; I consulted the official documents.", "3. To regard; to have reference or respect to, in judging or acting; to decide or to act in favor of. We are to consult the necessities, rather than the pleasures of life. We are to consult public as well as private interest. He consulted his own safety in flight.", "Ere fancy you consult, consult your purse.", "4. To plan, devise or contrive.", "Thou hast consulted shame to thy house, by cutting off many people. Habakkuk 2. This sense is unusual and not to be countenanced.", "CONSULT, n. The act of consulting; the effect of consultation; determination; a council, or deliberating assembly. This word is, I believe, entirely obsolete, except in poetry. It would be naturally accented on the first syllable, but the poets accent the last."], "consultation": ["CONSULTATION, n.", "1. The act of consulting; deliberation of two or more persons, with a view to some decision.", "The chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes. Mark 15.", "2. The persons who consult together; a number of persons seeking mutually each others opinions and advice; a council for deliberation; as, a consultation of physicians was called.", "Writ of consultation, in law, a writ awarded by a superior court, to return a cause, which had been removed by prohibition from the court Christian, to its original jurisdiction; so called because the judges on consultation find the prohibition ill founded."], "consultative": ["CONSULTATIVE, a. Having the privilege of consulting."], "consulted": ["CONSULTED, pp. Asked; enquired of, for opinion or advice; regarded."], "consulter": ["CONSULTER, n. One who consults, or asks counsel or information; as a consulter with familiar spirits. Deuteronomy 18."], "consulting": ["CONSULTING, ppr. Asking advice; seeking information; deliberating and enquiring mutually; regarding."], "consumable": ["CONSUMABLE, a. See Consume. That may be consumed; possible to be destroyed, dissipated, wasted or spent; as, asbestos is not consumable by fire.", "The importation and exportation of consumable commodities."], "consume": ["CONSUME, v.t. L., to take. So in English we say, it takes up time, that is, it consumes time.", "1. To destroy, by separating the parts of a thing, by decomposition, as by fire, or eating, devouring, and annihilating the form of a substance. Fire consumes wood, coal, stubble; animals consume flesh and vegetables.", "2. To destroy by dissipating or by use; to expend; to waste; to squander; as, to consume an estate.", "Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye may consume it upon your lusts. James 4.", "3. To spend; to cause to pass away, as time; as, to consume the day in idleness.", "Their days did he consume in vanity. Psalm 78.", "4. To cause to disappear; to waste slowly.", "My flesh is consumed away. Job 38.", "5. To destroy; to bring to utter ruin; to exterminate.", "Let me alone-- that I may consume them. Exodus 32.", "CONSUME, v.i. To waste away slowly; to be exhausted.", "Their flesh--their eyes--their tongue shall consume away. Zechariah 14.", "The wicked shall perish--they shall consume. Psalm 37."], "consumed": ["CONSUMED, pp. Wasted; burnt up; destroyed; dissipated; squandered; expended."], "consumer": ["CONSUMER, n. One who consumes, spends, wastes or destroys; that which consumes."], "consuming": ["CONSUMING, ppr.", "1. Burning; wasting; destroying; expending; eating; devouring.", "2. a. That destroys.", "The Lord thy God is a consuming fire. Deuteronomy 4."], "consummate": ["CONSUMMATE, v.t. L. See Sum. To end; to finish by completing what was intended; to perfect; to bring or carry to the utmost point or degree.", "He had a mind to consummate the happiness of the day.", "CONSUMMATE, a. Complete; perfect; carried to the utmost extent or degree; as consummate greatness or felicity."], "consummated": ["CONSUMMATED, pp. Completed; perfected; ended."], "consummately": ["CONSUMMATELY, adv. Completely; perfectly."], "consummating": ["CONSUMMATING, ppr. Completing; accomplishing; perfecting."], "consummation": ["CONSUMMATION, n. L.", "1. Completion; end; perfection of a word, process or scheme.", "2. The end or completion of the present system of things; the end of the world.", "3. Death; the end of life.", "Consummation of marriage, the most intimate union of the sexes, which completes the connubial relation."], "consumption": ["CONSUMPTION, n. L. See Consume.", "1. The act of consuming; waste; destruction by burning, eating, devouring, scattering, dissipation, slow decay, or by passing away, as time; as the consumption of fuel, of food, of commodities or estate, of time, &c.", "2. The state of being wasted, or diminished.", "Etna and Vesuvius have not suffered any considerable diminution or consumption.", "3. In medicine, a wasting of flesh; a gradual decay or diminution of the body; a word of extensive signification. But particularly, the disease called phthisis pulmonalis, pulmonic consumption, a disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic fever, cough, &c."], "consumptive": ["CONSUMPTIVE, a.", "1. Destructive; wasting; exhausting; having the quality of consuming, or dissipating; as a long consumptive war.", "2. Affected with a consumption or pumonic disease, as consumptive lungs; or inclined to a consumption; tending to the phthisis pulmonalis; applied to the incipient state of the disease, or to a constitution predisposed to it."], "consumptively": ["CONSUMPTIVELY, adv. In a way tending to consumption."], "consumptiveness": ["CONSUMPTIVENESS, n. A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption."], "contain": ["CONTAIN, v.t. L., to hold. See Tenet, Tenure.", "1. To hold, as a vessel; as, the vessel contains a gallon. Hence, to have capacity; to be able to hold; applied to an empty vessel.", "2. To comprehend; to hold within specified limits.", "Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain thee. 1 Kings 8.", "3. To comprehend; to comprise. The history of Livy contains a hundred and forty books.", "4. To hold within limits prescribed; to restrain; to withhold from trespass or disorder.", "The Kings person contains the unruly people from evil occasions.", "Fear not, my Lord, we can contain ourselves.", "5. To include. This article is not contained in the account. This number does not contain the article specified.", "6. To inclose; as, this cover or envelop contains a letter.", "CONTAIN, v.i. To live in continence or chastity. Arbuthnot and Pope. 1 Corinthians 7."], "containable": ["CONTAINABLE, a. That may be contained, or comprised."], "contained": ["CONTAINED, pp. Held; comprehended; comprised; included; inclosed."], "containing": ["CONTAINING, ppr. Holding; having capacity to hold; comprehending; comprising; including; inclosing."], "contemn": ["CONTEMN, v.t. L., to despise; to drive away.", "1. To despise; to consider and treat as mean and despicable; to scorn.", "In whose eyes a vile person is contemned. Psalm 15.", "2. To slight; to neglect as unworthy of regard; to reject with disdain.", "Wherefore do the wicked contemn God. Psalm 10.", "They contemn the counsel of the Most High. Psalm 107."], "contemned": ["CONTEMNED, pp. Despised; scorned; slighted; neglected, or rejected with disdain."], "contemner": ["CONTEMNER, n. One who contemns; a despiser; a scorner."], "contemning": ["CONTEMNING, ppr. Despising; slighting as vile or despicable; neglecting or rejecting, as unworthy of regard."], "contempt": ["CONTEMPT, n. L. See Contemn.", "1. The act of despising; the act of viewing or considering and treating as mean, vile and worthless; disdain; hatred of what is mean or deemed vile. This word is one of the strongest expressions of a mean opinion which the language affords.", "Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the contempt of which is great.", "2. The state of being despised; whence in a scriptural sense, shame, disgrace.", "Some shall awake to everlasting contempt. Daniel 7.", "3. In law, disobedience of the rules and orders of a court, which is a punishable offense."], "contemptible": ["CONTEMPTIBLE, a. L.", "1. Worthy of contempt; that deserves scorn, or disdain; despicable; mean; vile. Intemperance is a contemptible vice. No plant or animal is so contemptible as not to exhibit evidence of the wonderful power and wisdom of the Creator.", "The pride that leads to dueling is a contemptible passion.", "2. Apt to despise; contemptuous. Not legitimate."], "contemptibleness": ["CONTEMPTIBLENESS, n. The state of being contemptible, or of being despised; despicableness; meanness; vileness."], "contemptibly": ["CONTEMPTIBLY, adv. In a contemptible manner; meanly; in a manner deserving of contempt."], "contemptuous": ["CONTEMPTUOUS, a. Manifesting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful; as contemptuous language or manner; a contemptuous opinion. Applied to men, apt to despise; haughty; insolent; as a nation, proud, severe, contemptuous."], "contemptuously": ["CONTEMPTUOUSLY, adv. In a contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain; despitefully.", "The apostles and most eminent Christians were poor, and treated contemptuously."], "contemptuousness": ["CONTEMPTUOUSNESS, n. Disposition to contempt; act of contempt; insolence; scornfulness; haughtiness."], "contend": ["CONTEND, v.i. L., to stretch. Gr., See Tend, Tenet.", "1. To strive, or to strive against; to struggle in opposition.", "Distress not the Moabites, nor contend with them in battle. Deuteronomy 2.", "2. To strive; to use earnest efforts to obtain, or to defend and preserve.", "You sit above, and see vain men below contend for what you only can bestow.", "Ye should earnestly contend for the faith once delivered to the saints. Jude 3.", "3. To dispute earnestly; to strive in debate.", "They that were of the circumcision contended with him. Acts 11. Job 9.", "4. To reprove sharply; to chide; to strive to convince and reclaim.", "Then contended I with the rulers. Nehemiah 13.", "5.To strive in opposition; to punish.", "The Lord God called to contend by fire. Amos 7.", "6. To quarrel; to dispute fiercely; to wrangle. The parties contend about trifles.", "To contend for, to strive to obtain; as, two competitors contend for the prize.", "CONTEND, v.t. To dispute; to contest.", "When Carthage shall contend the world with Rome.", "This transitive use of contend is not strictly legitimate. The phrase is elliptical, for being understood after contend; but it is admissible in poetry."], "contended": ["CONTENDED, pp. Urged in argument or debate; disputed; contested."], "contendent": ["CONTENDENT, n. An antagonist or opposer."], "contender": ["CONTENDER, n. One who contends; a combatant; a champion."], "contending": ["CONTENDING, ppr.", "1. Striving; struggling to oppose; debating; urging in argument; quarreling.", "2. Clashing; opposing; rival; as contending claims or interests."], "content": ["CONTENT, a. L., to be held; to hold. Literally, held, contained within limits; hence, quiet; not disturbed; having a mind at peace; easy; satisfied, so as not to repine, object, or oppose.", "Content with science in the vale of peace.", "Having food and raiment, let us be therewith content. 1 Timothy 6.", "CONTENT, v.t.", "1. To satisfy the mind; to make quiet, so as to stop complaint or opposition; to appease; to make easy in any situation; used chiefly with the reciprocal pronoun.", "Do not content yourselves with obscure and confused ideas, where clearer are to be obtained.", "Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas. Mark 15.", "2. To please or gratify.", "It doth much content me, to hear him so inclined.", "CONTENT, n.", "1. Rest or quietness of the mind in the present condition; satisfaction which holds the mind in peace, restraining complaint, opposition, or further desire, and often implying a moderate degree of happiness.", "A wise content his even soul securd; By want not shaken, nor by wealth allurd.", "2. Acquiescence; satisfaction without examination.", "The style is excellent; the sense they humbly take upon content.", "3. The term used in the House of Lords in England, to express an assent to a bill or motion.", "CONTENT, n.", "1. Often in the plural, contents. That which is contained; the thing or things held, included or comprehended within a limit or line; as the contents of a cask or bale; of a room or a ship; the contents of a book or writing.", "2. In geometry, the area or quantity of matter or space included in certain lines.", "3. The power of containing; capacity; extent within limits; as a ship of great content.", "But in this sense the plural is generally used."], "contentation": ["CONTENTATION, n. Content; satisfaction."], "contented": ["CONTENTED, pp. or a. Satisfied; quiet; easy in mind; not complaining, opposing or demanding more. The good man is contented with his lot. It is our duty to be contented with the dispensations of providence."], "contentful": ["CONTENTFUL, a. Full of contentment. Not used."], "contention": ["CONTENTION, n. L. See Contend.", "1. Strife; struggle; a violent effort to obtain something, or to resist a person, claim or injury; contest; quarrel.", "Multitudes lost their lives in a tumult raised by contention among the partizans of the several colors.", "2. Strife in words or debate; quarrel; angry contest; controversy.", "Avoid foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and strivings about the law. Titus 3.", "A fools lips enter into contention. Proverbs 18.", "3. Strife or endeavor to excel; emulation.", "4. Eagerness; zeal; ardor; vehemence of endeavor.", "This is an end worthy of our utmost contention to obtain."], "contently": ["CONTENTLY, adv. In a contented way."], "contentment": ["CONTENTMENT, n.", "1. Content; a resting or satisfaction of mind without disquiet; acquiescence.", "Contentment, without external honor, is humility.", "Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Timothy 6.", "2. Gratification.", "At Paris the prince spent a day, to give his mind some contentment."], "contentious": ["CONTENTIOUS, a.", "1. Apt to contend; given to angry debate; quarrelsome; perverse.", "A continual dropping in a rainy day, and a contentious woman are alike. Proverbs 27.", "2. Relating to contention in law; relating to litigation; having power to decide causes between contending parties; as a court of contentious jurisdiction.", "3. Exciting or adapted to provoke contention or disputes; as a contentious subject."], "contentiously": ["CONTENTIOUSLY, adv. In a contentious manner; quarrelsomely; perversely."], "contentiousness": ["CONTENTIOUSNESS, n. A disposition to contend; proneness to contest; perverseness; quarrelsomeness."], "continual": ["CONTINUAL, a. L. See Continue.", "1. Proceeding without interruption or cessation; unceasing; not intermitting; used in reference to time.", "He that hath a merry heart hath a continual feast. Proverbs 15.", "I have great heaviness and continual sorrow of heart. Romans 9.", "2. Very frequent; often repeated; as, the charitable man has continual application for alms.", "3. Continual fever, or continued fever, a fever that abates, but never entirely intermits, till it comes to a crisis; thus distinguished from remitting and intermitting fever.", "4. Continual claim, in law, a claim that is made from time to time within every year or day, to land or other estate, the possession of which cannot be obtained without hazard.", "5. Perpetual."], "continually": ["CONTINUALLY, adv.", "1. Without pause or cessation; unceasingly; as, the ocean is continually rolling its waves on the shore.", "2. Very often; in repeated succession; from time to time.", "Thou shalt eat bread at my table continually. 2 Samuel 9."], "continualness": ["CONTINUALNESS, n. Permanence."], "continuance": ["CONTINUANCE, n. See Continue.", "1. A holding on or remaining in a particular state, or in a course or series. Applied to time, duration; a state of lasting; as the continuance of rain or fair weather for a day or week. Sensual pleasure is of short continuance.", "2. Perseverance; as, no excuse will justify a continuance in sin.", "By patient continuance in well doing. Romans 2.", "3. Abode; residence; as, during our continuance in Paris.", "4. Succession uninterrupted; continuation; a prolonging of existence; as, the brute regards the continuance of his species.", "5. Progression of time.", "In thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned. Psalm 139.", "6. In law, the deferring of a suit, or the giving of a day for the parties to a suit to appear. After issue or demurrer joined, as well as in some of the previous stages of proceeding, a day is continually given, and entered upon record, for the parties to appear on from time to time. The giving of this day is called a continuance.", "7. In the United States, the deferring of a trial or suit from one stated term of the court to another.", "8. Continuity; resistance to a separation of parts; a holding together. Not used."], "continuate": ["CONTINUATE, v.t. To join closely together.", "CONTINUATE, a. L.", "1. Immediately united; holding together. Little used.", "2. Uninterrupted; unbroken. Little used."], "continuately": ["CONTINUATELY, adv. With continuity; without interruption. Little used."], "continuation": ["CONTINUATION, n. L.", "1. Extension of existence in a series or line; succession uninterrupted.", "These things must be the works of providence, for the continuation of the species.", "2. Extension or carrying on to a further point; as the continuation of a story.", "3. Extension in space; production; a carrying on in length; as the continuation of a line in surveying."], "continuative": ["CONTINUATIVE, n.", "1. An expression noting permanence or duration.", "To these may be added continuatives; as, Rome remains to this day; which includes at least two propositions, viz. Rome was, and Rome is.", "2. In grammar, a word that continues."], "continuator": ["CONTINUATOR, n. One who continues or keeps up a series or succession."], "continue": ["CONTINUE, v.i. L., to hold. See Tenet.", "1. To remain in a state, or place; to abide for any time indefinitely.", "The multitude continue with me now three days, and have nothing to eat. Matthew 15.", "2. To last; to be durable; to endure; to be permanent.", "Thy kingdom shall not continue. 1 Samuel 13.", "3. To persevere; to be steadfast or constant in any course.", "If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed. John 8.", "CONTINUE, v.t.", "1. To protract; not to cease from or to terminate.", "O continue thy loving kindness to them that know thee. Psalm 36.", "2. To extend from one thing to another; to produce or draw out in length. Continue the line from A to B. Let the line be continued to the boundary.", "3. To persevere in; not to cease to do or use; as, to continue the same diet.", "4. To hold to or unite. Not used.", "The navel continues the infant to its mother."], "continued": ["CONTINUED, pp.", "1. Drawn out; protracted; produced; extended in length; extended without interruption.", "2. a. Extended in time without intermission; proceeding without cessation; unceasing; as a continued fever, which abates but never entirely intermits. A continued base is performed through the whole piece.", "Continued proportion, in arithmetic, is where the consequent of the first ratio is the same with the antecedent of the second, as 4 : 8 : : 8 : 16, in contradistinction from discrete proportion."], "continuer": ["CONTINUER, n. One who continues; cone that has the power of perseverance."], "continuing": ["CONTINUING, ppr.", "1. Remaining fixed or permanent; abiding; lasting; enduring; persevering; protracting; producing in length.", "2. a. Permanent.", "Here we have no continuing city. Hebrews 13."], "continuity": ["CONTINUITY, n. L. Connection uninterrupted; cohesion; close union of parts; unbroken texture.", "Philosophers talk of the solution of continuity."], "continuous": ["CONTINUOUS, a. L. Joined without intervening space; as continuous depth."], "contradict": ["CONTRADICT, v.t. L., to speak.", "1. To oppose by words; to assert the contrary to what has been asserted, or to deny what has been affirmed.", "It is not lawful to contradict a point of history known to all the world.", "The Jews--spoke against those things which were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming. Acts 13.", "2. To oppose; to be directly contrary to.", "No truth can contradict another truth."], "contradicted": ["CONTRADICTED, pp. Opposed in words; opposed; denied."], "contradicter": ["CONTRADICTER, n. One who contradicts or denies; an opposer."], "contradicting": ["CONTRADICTING, ppr. Affirming the contrary to what has been asserted; denying; opposing."], "contradiction": ["CONTRADICTION, n. L.", "1. An assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial; contrary declaration.", "2. Opposition, whether by words, reproaches or attempts to defeat.", "Consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself. Hebrews 12.", "3. Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency with itself; incongruity or contrariety of things, words, thoughts or propositions. These theorems involve a contradiction.", "If we perceive truth, we thereby perceive whatever is false in contradiction to it."], "contradictional": ["CONTRADICTIONAL, a. Inconsistent. Not in use."], "contrariant": ["CONTRARIANT, a. Contradictory; opposite; inconsistent. Little used."], "contraries": ["CONTRARIES, n. See Contrary. In logic, propositions which destroy each other, but of which the falsehood of one does not establish the truth of the other.", "If two universals differ in quality, they are contraries; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a tree. These can never be both true together; but they may be both false."], "contrariness": ["CONTRARINESS, n. Contrariety; opposition."], "contrarious": ["CONTRARIOUS, a. Contrary; opposite; repugnant."], "contrariously": ["CONTRARIOUSLY, adv. Contrarily; oppositely."], "contrary": ["CONTRARY, a. L., against.", "1. Opposite; adverse; moving against or in an opposite direction; as contrary winds.", "2. Opposite; contradictory; not merely different, but inconsistent or repugnant.", "The flesh lusteth against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary, the one to the other. Galatians 5.", "This adjective, in many phrases, is to be treated grammatically as an adverb, or as an adjective referring to a sentence or affirmation; as, this happened contrary to my expectations. The word here really belongs to the affirmation or fact declared, this happened; for contrary does not, like an adverb, express the manner of happening, but that the fact itself was contrary to my expectation. According, agreeable, pursuant, antecedent, prior, anterior, &c., are often used in the like manner.", "CONTRARY, n.", "1. A thing that is contrary or of opposite qualities.", "No contraries hold more antipathy, than I and such a knave.", "2. A proposition contrary to another, or a fact contrary to what is alledged; as, this is stated to be a fact, but I will endeavor to show the contrary.", "On the contrary, in opposition; on the other side.", "To the contrary, to an opposite purpose, or fact.", "They did it, not for want of instruction to the contrary.", "He said it was just, but I told him to the contrary.", "CONTRARY, v.t. To contradict or oppose."], "contrariwise": ["CONTRARIWISE, adv. contrary and wise, manner. On the contrary; oppositely; on the other hand.", "Not rendering evil for evil, nor railing for railing; but contrariwise, blessing. 1 Peter 3."], "contribute": ["CONTRIBUTE, v.t. L., to grant, assign, or impart. See Tribe, Tribute.", "1. To give or grant in common with others; to give a common stock or for a common purpose; to pay a share.", "England contributes much more than any other of the allies.", "It is the duty of Christians to contribute a portion of their substance for the propagation of the gospel.", "2. To impart a portion or share to a common purpose.", "Let each man contribute his influence to correct public morals.", "CONTRIBUTE, v.i. To give a part; to lend a portion of power, aid or influence; to have a share in any act or effect.", "There is not a single beauty in the piece, to which the invention must not contribute."], "contributed": ["CONTRIBUTED, pp. Given or advanced to a common fund, stock or purpose; paid as a share."], "contributing": ["CONTRIBUTING, ppr. Giving in common with others to some stock or purpose; imparting a share."], "contribution": ["CONTRIBUTION, n.", "1. The act of giving to a common stock, or in common with others; the act of lending a portion of power or influence to a common purpose; the payment of each mans share of some common expense.", "2. That which is given to a common stock or purpose, either by an individual or by many. We speak of the contribution of one person, or the contribution of a society. Contributions are involuntary, as taxes and imposts; or voluntary, as for some undertaking.", "3. In a military sense, impositions paid by a frontier country, to secure themselves from being plundered by the enemys army; or impositions upon a country in the power of an enemy, which are levied under various pretenses, and for various purposes, usually for the support of the army."], "contributive": ["CONTRIBUTIVE, a. Tending to contribute; contributing; having the power or quality of giving a portion of aid or influence; lending aid to promote, in concurrence with others.", "This measure is contributive to the same end."], "contrite": ["CONTRITE, a. L., to break or bruise; to rub or wear. See Trite. Literally, worn or bruised. Hence, broken-hearted for sin; deeply affected with grief and sorrow for having offended God; humble; penitent; as a contrite sinner.", "A broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. Psalm 51."], "contritely": ["CONTRITELY, adv. In a contrite manner; with penitence."], "contriteness": ["CONTRITENESS, n. Deep sorrow and penitence for sin."], "contrition": ["CONTRITION, n. L.", "1. The act of grinding or rubbing to powder.", "2. Penitence; deep sorrow for sin; grief of heart for having offended and infinitely holy and benevolent God. The word is usually understood to mean genuine penitence, accompanied with a deep sense of ingratitude in the sinner, and sincere resolution to live in obedience to the divine law.", "Fruits of more pleasing savor, from thy seed sown with contrition in his heart.", "Imperfect repentance is by some divines called attrition."], "controversial": ["CONTROVERSIAL, a. See Controvert, Controversy. Relating to disputes; as a controversial discourse."], "controversy": ["CONTROVERSY, n. L. See Controvert.", "1. Dispute; debate; agitation of contrary opinions. A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in writing. Dispute is often or generally a debate of short duration, a temporary debate; a controversy is often oral and sometimes continued in books or in law for months or years.", "This left no room for controversy, about the title.", "Without controversy, great is the mystery of godliness. 1 Timothy 3.", "2. A suit in law; a case in which opposing parties contend for their respective claims before a tribunal.", "And by their word shall every controversy and every stroke be tried. Deuteronomy 21.", "3. Dispute; opposition carried on.", "The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. Jeremiah 25.", "4. Opposition; resistance.", "And stemming the torrent with hearts of controversy."], "convenience": ["CONVENIENCE, CONVENIENCY, n. L. Literally, a coming together; a meeting. Hence,", "1. Fitness; suitableness; propriety; adaptation of one thing to another, or to circumstances.", "2. Commodiousness; ease; freedom from difficulty.", "Every man must want something for the convenience of his life.", "There is another convenience in this method.", "3. That which gives ease; accommodation; that which is suited to wants or necessity A pair of spectacles is a great convenience in old age.", "4. Fitness of time or place."], "conveniency": ["CONVENIENCE, CONVENIENCY, n. L. Literally, a coming together; a meeting. Hence,", "1. Fitness; suitableness; propriety; adaptation of one thing to another, or to circumstances.", "2. Commodiousness; ease; freedom from difficulty.", "Every man must want something for the convenience of his life.", "There is another convenience in this method.", "3. That which gives ease; accommodation; that which is suited to wants or necessity A pair of spectacles is a great convenience in old age.", "4. Fitness of time or place."], "convenient": ["CONVENIENT, a. Fit; suitable; proper; adapted to use or to wants; commodious; followed by to or for; usually by for.", "Some arts are peculiarly convenient to particular nations.", "Feed me with food convenient for me. Proverbs 30."], "conveniently": ["CONVENIENTLY, adv.", "1. Fitly; suitably; with adaptation to the end or effect. That house is not conveniently situated for a tradesman.", "2. Commodiously; with ease; without trouble or difficulty. He cannot conveniently accept the invitation."], "conversable": ["CONVERSABLE, a. See Converse. Qualified for conversation, or rather disposed to converse; ready or inclined to mutual communication of thoughts; sociable; free in discourse."], "conversableness": ["CONVERSABLENESS, n. The quality of being free in conversation; disposition or readiness to converse; sociability."], "conversably": ["CONVERSABLY, adv. In a conversable manner."], "conversant": ["CONVERSANT, a. See Converse.", "1. Keeping company; having frequent or customary intercourse; intimately associating; familiar by fellowship or cohabitation; acquainted.", "But the men were very good to us--as long as we were conversant with them. 1 Samuel 25.", "Never to be infected with delight, nor conversant with ease and idleness.", "2. Acquainted by familiar use or study. We correct our style, and improve our taste, by being conversant with the best classical writers. In the foregoing applications, this word is most generally followed by with, according to present usage. In was formerly used; and both in and among may be used.", "3. Concerning; having concern, or relation to; having for its object; followed by about.", "Education is conversant about children."], "conversation": ["CONVERSATION, n.", "1. General course of manners; behavior; deportment; especially as it respects morals.", "Let your conversation be as becometh the gospel. Philippians 1.", "Be ye holy in all manner of conversation. 1 Peter 1.", "2. A keeping company; familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or association; commerce in social life. Knowledge of men and manners is best acquired by conversation with the best company.", "3. Intimate and familiar acquaintance; as a conversation with books, or other object.", "4. Familiar discourse; general intercourse of sentiments; chat; unrestrained talk; opposed to a formal conference.", "What I mentioned in conversation was not a new thought.", "This is now the most general use of the word."], "conversationed": ["CONVERSATIONED, a. Acquainted with the manner of acting in life. Not used."], "conversative": ["CONVERSATIVE, a. Relating to an intercourse with men; opposed to contemplative.", "She chose to endue him with conversative qualities of youth."], "converse": ["CONVERSE, v.i. L., to be turned. Literally, to be turned to or with; to be turned about.", "1. To keep company; to associate; to cohabit; to hold intercourse and be intimately acquainted; followed by with.", "For him who lonely loves to seek the distant hills, and their converse with nature.", "2. To have sexual commerce.", "3. To talk familiarly; to have free intercourse in mutual communication of thoughts and opinions; to convey thoughts reciprocally; followed by with before the person addressed, and on before the subject. Converse as friend with friend. We have often conversed with each other on the merit of Miltons poetry. This is now the most general use of the word.", "CONVERSE, n.", "1. Conversation; familiar discourse or talk; free interchange of thoughts or opinions.", "Formed by thy converse happily to steer from grave to gay, from lively to severe.", "2. Acquaintance by frequent or customary intercourse; cohabitation; familiarity. In this sense, the word may include discourse, or not; as, to hold converse with persons of different sects; or to hold converse with terrestrial things.", "3. In mathematics, an opposite proposition; thus, after drawing a conclusion from something supposed, we invert the order, making the conclusion the supposition or premises, and draw from it what was first supposed. Thus, if two sides of a triangle are equal, the angles opposite the sides are equal: and the converse is true; if these angles are equal, the two sides are equal."], "conversely": ["CONVERSELY, adv. With change of order; in a contrary order; reciprocally."], "conversion": ["CONVERSION, n. L. See Convert.", "1. In a general sense, a turning or change from one state to another; with regard to substances, transmutation; as a conversion of water into ice, or of food into chyle or blood.", "2. In military affairs, a change of front, as when a body of troops is attacked in the flank, and they change their position to face the enemy.", "3. In a theological or moral sense, a change of heart, or dispositions, in which the enmity of the heart to God and his law and the obstinacy of the will are subdued, and are succeeded by supreme love to God and his moral government, and a reformation of life.", "4. Change from one side or party to another.", "That conversion will be suspected that apparently concurs with interest.", "5. A change from one religion to another; as the conversion of the Gentiles. Acts 15.", "6. The act of appropriating to private use; as in trover and conversion.", "Conversion of equations, in algebra, the reduction of equations by multiplication, or the manner of altering an equation, when the quantity sought or any member of it is a fraction; the reducing of a fractional equation into an integral one.", "Conversion of propositions, in logic, is a changing of the subject into the place of the predicate, and still retaining the quality of the proposition.", "Conversion of the ratios, in arithmetic, is the comparing of the antecedent with the difference of the antecedent and consequent, in two equal ratios or proportions."], "convert": ["CONVERT, v.t. L., to turn; coinciding in elements and signification with barter.", "1. To change or turn into another substance or form; as, to convert gases into water, or water into ice.", "2. To change from one state to another; as, to convert a barren waste into a fruitful field; to convert a wilderness into a garden; to convert rude savages into civilized men.", "3. To change or turn from one religion to another, or from one party or sect to another; as, to convert pagans to Christianity; to convert royalists into republicans.", "4. To turn from a bad life to a good one; to change the heart and moral character, from enmity to God and from vicious habits, to love of God and to a holy life.", "Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out. Acts 3.", "He that converteth a sinner from the error of his way, shall save a soul from death. James 5.", "5. To turn toward a point.", "Crystal will callify into electricity, and convert the needle freely placed. Unusual.", "6. To turn from one use or destination to another; as, to convert liberty into an engine of oppression.", "7. To appropriate or apply to ones own use, or to personal benefit; as, to convert public property to our own use.", "8. To change one proposition into another, so that what was the subject of the first becomes the predicate of the second; as, all sin is a transgression of the law; but every transgression of the law is sin.", "9. To turn into another language.", "CONVERT, v.i. To turn or be changed; to undergo a change.", "The love of wicked friends converts to fear; that fear, to hate.", "CONVERT, n.", "1. A person who is converted from one opinion or practice to another; a person who renounces one creed, religious system or party, and embraces another; applied particularly to those who change their religious opinions, but applicable to political and philosophical sects.", "2. In a more strict sense, one who is turned from sin to holiness.", "Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. Isaiah 1.", "3. In monasteries, a lay-friar or brother, admitted to the service of the house, without orders, and not allowed to sing in the choir."], "converted": ["CONVERTED, pp. Turned or changed from one substance or state to another; turned form one religion or sect to another; changed from a state of sin to a state of holiness; applied to a particular use; appropriated."], "converter": ["CONVERTER, n. One who converts; one who makes converts."], "convertibility": ["CONVERTIBILITY, n. from convertible.", "1. The quality of being possible to be converted or changed from one substance, form or state to another; as the convertibility of land into money.", "2. The quality of being changeable from one letter to another; as the convertibility of m with b or of d into t."], "convertible": ["CONVERTIBLE, a.", "1. That may be changed; susceptible of change; transmutable; transformable.", "Minerals are not convertible into another species, though of the same genus.", "2. So much alike that one may be used for another. Usury and interest are not now convertible terms, though formerly they were.", "3. That may be changed, as one letter for another; as b, p and f are convertible letters."], "convertibly": ["CONVERTIBLY, adv. Reciprocally; with interchange of terms."], "convey": ["CONVEY, v.t. L., to carry; to weigh. See Weigh and Way.", "1. To carry , bear or transport, either by land or water, or in air; as, to convey a letter or a package; to convey goods from England to France.", "2. To pass or cause to pass; to transmit; as, to convey a right or an estate from father to son.", "3. To transfer; to pass a title to any thing from one person to another, as by deed, assignment or otherwise; as, to convey lands by bargain and sale.", "4. To cause to pass; to transmit; to carry, by any medium; as, air conveys sound; words convey ideas.", "5. To manage; to carry on. Not used.", "I will convey the business as I shall find means.", "6. To impart; to communicate."], "conveying": ["CONVEYING, ppr. Carrying; transporting; transferring."], "convict": ["CONVICT, v.t. L., to vanquish or subdue. See Convince.", "1. To determine the truth of a charge against one; to prove or find guilty of a crime charged; to determine or decide to be guilty, as by the verdict of a jury, by confession, or other legal decision. The jury convicted the prisoner of felony.", "2. To convince of sin; to prove or determine to be guilty, as by the conscience.", "They who heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one. John 8.", "3. To confute; to prove or show to be false.", "4. To show by proof or evidence.", "CONVICT, pp. For convicted. Proved or found guilty.", "CONVICT, n. A person proved or found guilty of a crime alledged against him, either by the verdict of a jury or other legal decision."], "convicted": ["CONVICTED, ppr. Proved or determined to be guilty, either by verdict of a jury or by the decision of conscience."], "convicting": ["CONVICTING, ppr. Proving or finding guilty."], "conviction": ["CONVICTION, n.", "1. The act of proving, finding or determining to be guilty of an offense charged against a person before a legal tribunal; as by confession, by the verdict of a jury, or by the sentence of other tribunal, as in the summary convictions before commissioners of the revenue.", "2. The act of convincing, or compelling one to admit the truth of a charge; the act of convincing of sin or sinfulness; the sate of being convinced or convicted by conscience; the state of being sensible of guilt; as, the convictions of a sinner may be temporary, or lasting and efficacious. By conviction, a sinner is brought to repentance. Men often sin against the conviction of their own consciences.", "3. The act of convincing of error; confutation; the act of compelling one to acknowledge his error, or the truth of what is alledged; as, the conviction of a heretic may induce him to abandon his errors."], "convictive": ["CONVICTIVE, a. Having the power to convince or convict."], "convictively": ["CONVICTIVELY, adv. In a convincing manner."], "convince": ["CONVINCE, v.t. L., to vanquish.", "1. To persuade or satisfy the mind by evidence; to subdue the opposition of the mind to truth, or to what is alledged, and compel it to yield its assent; as, to convince a man of his errors; or to convince him of the truth.", "For he mightily convinced the Jews--showing by the scriptures that Jesus was the Christ. Acts 18.", "2. To convict; to prove guilty; to constrain one to admit or acknowledge himself to be guilty.", "If ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of by the law as transgressors. James 2.", "To convince all that are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds. Jude 15.", "3. To envince; to prove.", "4. To overpower; to surmount; to vanquish."], "convinced": ["CONVINCED, pp. Persuaded in mind; satisfied with evidence; convicted."], "convincement": ["CONVINCEMENT, n. Conviction. Little used."], "convincer": ["CONVINCER, n. He or that which convinces; that which makes manifest."], "convincible": ["CONVINCIBLE, a.", "1. Capable of conviction.", "2. Capable of being disproved or refuted. Little used."], "convincing": ["CONVINCING, ppr.", "1. Persuading the mind by evidence; convicting.", "2. a. Persuading the mind by evidence; capable of subduing the opposition of the mind and compelling its assent. We have convincing proof of the truth of the scriptures, and of Gods moral government of the world."], "convincingly": ["CONVINCINGLY, adv. In a convincing manner; in a manner to leave no room to doubt, or to compel assent."], "convocate": ["CONVOCATE, v.t. L., to convoke; to call. See Voice. To convoke; to call or summon to meet; to assemble by summons. See Convoke."], "convocation": ["CONVOCATION, n. L.", "1. The act of calling or assembling by summons.", "2. An assembly.", "In the first day there shall be a holy convocation. Exodus 12.", "3. In England, an assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs. It is held during the session of parliament, and consists of an upper and lower house. In the upper house sit the archbishops and bishops; in the lower house sit the inferior clergy, represented by their proctors, consisting of all the deans and arch-deacons, of one proctor for every chapter, and two for the clergy of every diocese, in all one hundred and forty-three divines, vix. Twenty-two deans, fifty-three arch-deacons, twenty-four prebendaries, and forty-four proctors of the diocesan clergy.", "4. An academical assembly, in which the business of the university is transacted."], "cony": ["CONY, CONEY, n. L. The primary sense is a shoot, or a shooting along. A rabbit; a quadruped of the genus Lepus, which has a short tail and naked ears. In a wild state the fur is brown, but the color of the domestic rabbit is various."], "coo": ["COO, v.i. probably from the sound. To cry, or make a low sound, as pigeons or doves."], "cooing": ["COOING, ppr. Uttering a low sound, as a dove.", "COOING, n. Invitation, as the note of the dove."], "cook": ["COOK, v.t. L.", "1. To prepare, as victuals for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, &c. To dress, as meat or vegetables, for eating.", "2. To prepare for any purpose.", "3. To throw. Obs. or local.", "COOK, v.i. To make the noise of the cuckoo.", "COOK, n. L. One whose occupation is to prepare victuals for the table; a man or woman who dresses meat or vegetables for eating."], "cooked": ["COOKED, ppr. Prepared for the table."], "cooking": ["COOKING, ppr. Preparing victuals for the table."], "cool": ["COOL, a. G., cold, to cool; chilliness; to blow strong.", "1. Moderately cold; being of a temperature between hot and cold; as cool air; cool water.", "2. Not ardent or zealous; not angry; not fond; not excited by passion of any kind; indifferent; as a cool friend; a cool temper; a cool lover.", "3. Not retaining heat; light; as a cool dress.", "COOL, n. A moderate state of cold; moderate temperature of the air between hot and cold; as the cool of the day; the cool of the morning or evening.", "COOL, v.t.", "1. To allay heat; to make cool or cold; to reduce the temperature of a substance; as, ice wools water.", "Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue. Luke 16.", "2. To moderate excitement of temper; to allay, as passion of any kind; to calm, as anger; to abate, as love; to moderate, as desire, zeal or ardor; to render indifferent.", "COOL, v.i.", "1. To become less hot; to lose heat. Let tea or coffee cool to the temperature of the blood, before it is drank.", "2. To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to become less ardent, angry, zealous, or affectionate; to become more moderate. Speak not in a passion; first let your temper cool."], "cooled": ["COOLED, pp. Made less hot, or less ardent."], "cooling": ["COOLING, ppr. Abating heat or excitement; making or becoming cool."], "coolness": ["COOLNESS, n.", "1. A moderate degree of cold; a temperature between cold and heat; as the coolness of the summers evening.", "2. A moderate degree, or a want of passion; want of ardor, or zeal; indifference; want of affection; as, they parted with coolness."], "cope": ["COPE, n.", "1. A cover for the head.", "2. A sacerdotal ornament or vestment worn in sacred ministrations. An ornament worn by chanters and subchanters, when they officiate in solemnity. It reaches from the shoulders to the feet.", "3. Any thing spread or extended over the head; the arch or concave of the sky; the roof or covering of a house; the arch over a door, &c.", "4. An ancient tribute due to the king or lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in some part of Derbyshire.", "COPE, v.t.", "1. To cover as with a cope.", "2. To pare the beak or talons of a hawk.", "3. To embrace.", "COPE, v.i.", "1. To strive or contend on equal terms, or with equal strength; to equal in combat; to match; to oppose with success.", "The Generals have not been able to cope with the troops of Athens.", "Till Luther rose, no power could cope with the pope.", "He was too open and direct in his conduct, and possessed too little management-to cope with so cool and skillful an adversary.", "2. To contend; to strive or struggle; to combat.", "Host copd with host, dire was the din of war.", "3. To encounter; to interchange kindness or sentiments.", "4. To make return; to reward.", "5. To exchange, or barter. Not in use."], "coping": ["COPING, n. See cope, n. The top or cover of a wall, made sloping to carry off the water. 1 Kings 7:9. A coping over, is a projecting work beveling on its under side."], "copied": ["COPIED, pp. See Copy. Taken off; written or transcribed from an original or form; imitated."], "copy": ["COPY, n. See Cope and Cuff. Literally, a likeness, or resemblance of any kind. Hence,", "1. A writing like another writing; a transcript from an original; or a book printed according to the original; hence, any single book , or set of books, containing a composition resembling the original work; as the copy of a deed, or of a bond; a copy of Addisons works; a copy of the laws; a copy of the scriptures.", "2. The form of a picture or statue according to the original; the imitation or likeness of any figure, draught, or almost any object.", "3. An original work; the autograph; the archetype. Hence, that which is to be imitated in writing or printing. Let the child write according to the copy. The copy is in the hands of the printer. Hence, a pattern or example for imitation. His virtues are an excellent copy for imitation.", "4. Abundance. L.", "COPY, v.t.", "1. To write, print or engrave, according to an original; to form a like work or composition by writing, printing or engraving; to transcribe; often followed by out, but the use is not elegant.", "The men of Hezekiah copied certain proverbs of Solomon.", "2. To paint or draw according to an original.", "3. To form according to a model, as in architecture.", "4. To imitate or attempt to resemble; to follow an original or pattern, in manners or course of life. Copy the Savior in his humility and obedience.", "COPY, v.i. To imitate or endeavor to be like; to do any thing in imitation of something else. A painter copies from the life. An obedient child copies after his parent.", "They never fail, when they copy, to follow the bad as well as the good."], "copyed": ["COPYED, pp. Transcribed; imitated; usually written copied."], "copper": ["COPPER, n. L., G., supposed to be so called from Cyprus, an isle in the Mediterranean. This opinion is probable, as the Greeks called it Cyprian brass, brass of Cyprus. In this case copper was originally an adjective. A metal, of a pale red color, tinged with yellow. Next to gold, silver and platina, it is the most ductile and malleable of the metals, and it is more elastic than any metal, except steel, and the most sonorous of all the metals. It is found native in lamins or fibers, in a gangue almost always quartzous; it is also found crystalized, and in grains or superficial lamins on stones or iron. It is not altered by water, but is tarnished by exposure to the air, and is at last covered with a green carbonated oxyd. Copper in sheets is much used for covering the bottoms of ships, for boilers and other utensils; mixed with tin and zink, it is used in enamel-painting, dyeing, &c. : mixed with tin, it forms bell-metal; with a smaller proportion, bronze; and with zink, it forms brass, pinchbeck, &c. When taken into the body ti operates as a violent emetic, and all its preparations are violent poisons.", "COPPER, a. Consisting of copper.", "COPPER,n.", "1. A vessel made of copper, particularly a large boiler.", "2 Formerly, a small copper coin.", "My friend filled my pocket with coppers.", "COPPER, v.t. To cover or sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to copper a ship."], "coppered": ["COPPERED, pp. Covered with sheets of copper; sheathed."], "copulate": ["COPULATE, a. Joined. Little used.", "COPULATE, v.t. L. To unite; to join in pairs. Little used.", "COPULATE, v.i. To unite in sexual embrace; applied to animals in general."], "copulation": ["COPULATION, n. L. The act of coupling; the embrace of the sexes in the act of generation; coition."], "copulative": ["COPULATIVE, a. That unites or couples. In grammar, the copulative conjunction connects two or more subjects or predicates, in an affirmative or negative proposition; as, riches and honors are temptations to pride; the Romans conquered Spain and gaul and Britain; neither wealth nor honors will purchase immortal happiness.", "COPULATIVE, n.", "1. A copulative conjunction.", "2. Connection. Not in use."], "coral": ["CORAL, n. L. Gr.", "1. In zoology, a genus belonging to the order of vermes zoophyta. The trunk is radicated, jointed and calcarious. The species are distinguished by the form of their branches, and are found in the ocean adhering to stones, bones, shells, &c. Coral was formerly supposed to be a vegetable substance, but is now known to be composed of a congeries of animals. Coral is red, white and black. It is properly the shells of marine animals of the polype kind, consisting of calcarious earth combined with gelatine and other animal matter. In the South Sea, the isles are mostly coral rocks covered with earth. Corals seem to consist of carbonate of lime and animal matter, in equal proportions.", "2. A piece of coral worn by children about their necks.", "CORAL, a. Made of coral; resembling coral."], "corban": ["CORBAN, n. L. G., a wicker basket.", "1. In Jewish antiquity, an offering which had life; an animal offered to God; in opposition to the mincha, which was an offering without life.", "It is a gift, corban, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; that is, I have devoted that to God which you ask of me, and it is no longer mine to give.", "2. An alms-basket; a vessel to receive gifts of charity; a gift; an alms; a treasury of the church, where offerings are deposited.", "3. Among Mohammedans, a ceremony performed at the foot of mount Arrarat in Arabia, near Mecca. It consists in killing the number of sheep, and distributing them among the poor."], "cord": ["CORD, n. L. Gr. According to the Welsh, this word signifies a twist, from cor, the root of chorus.", "1. A string, or small rope, composed of several strands twisted together. Rahab let down the spies by a cord through the window. Joshua 2.", "2. A quantity of wood, or other material, originally measured with a cord or line. The cord is a pile containing 128 cubic feet; or a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet broad.", "3. In scripture, the cords of the wicked are the snares with which they catch the unwary. Psalm 129.", "The cords of sin are bad habits, or the consequences of sin. Proverbs 5.", "The cords of a man are the fair, gentle or natural means of alluring men to obedience. Hosea 11.", "The cords of vanity are worldly vanities and pleasures, profit or preferment; or vain and deceitful arguments and pretenses, which draw men to sin. Isaiah 5.", "To stretch a line or cord about a city, is to level it, or utterly to destroy it. Lamentations. 2.", "The cords of a tent denote stability. To loosen or break the cords, is to weaken or destroy; to lengthen the cords, is to enlarge. Job 30. Isaiah 54. Jeremiah 10.", "CORD, v.t.", "1. To bind with a cord or rope; to fasten with cords.", "2. To pile wood or other material for measurement and sale by the cord."], "corded": ["CORDED, pp.", "1. Bound or fastened with cords.", "2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord.", "3. Made of cords; furnished with cords.", "4. In heraldry, a cross corded is one wound with cords, or made of two pieces of wood."], "core": ["CORE, n. L., the heart. Gr. See Class Gr.", "1. The heart or inner part of a thing; particularly, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as the core of an apple or quince. It was formerly applied to place; as, in the core of a square.", "2. The inner part of an ulcer or boil.", "3. A body. Not used.", "4. A disorder of sheep, occasioned by worms in the liver."], "cored": ["CORED, a. In the herring fishery, rolled in salt and prepared for drying."], "coriander": ["CORIANDER, n. L., Gr. A genus of plants of two species. The seeds of one species, the sativum, have a strong smell, and in medicine are considered as stomachic and carminative."], "corinth": ["CORINTH, n.", "1. A city of Greece. Hence,", "2. A small fruit, now called currant, which see."], "corinthian": ["CORINTHIAN, a. Pertaining to Corinth, a celebrated city of Greece; as Corinthian column; Corinthian order; Corinthian brass. The Corinthian order, in architecture, is the most delicate of all the orders, and enriched with a profusion of ornaments. The capital is usually adorned with olive leaves or acanthus."], "cormorant": ["CORMORANT, n. Cormorant is supposed to be corrupted from corvus marinus, sea raven. The Welsh also call the fowl morvran, sea crow.", "1. The water raven, a large fowl of the pelican kind; the head and neck are black; the coverts of the wings, the scapulars and the back are of a deep green, edged with black and glossed with blue. The base of the lower mandible is covered with a naked yellow skin, which extends under the chin and forms a sort of pouch. This fowl occupies the cliffs by the sea, feeds on fish, and is extremely voracious.", "2. A glutton."], "corn": ["CORN, n. G., L. See Grain.", "1. A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley and maiz; a grain. In this sense, it has a plural; as, three barley corns make an inch. It is generally applied to edible seeds, which, when ripe, are hard.", "2. The seeds of certain plants in general, in bulk or quantity; as, corn is dear or scarce. In this sense, the word comprehends all the kinds of grain which constitute the food of men and horses. In Great Britain, corn is generally applied to wheat, rye, oats and barley. In the United States, it has the same general sense, but by custom, it is appropriated to maiz. We are accustomed to say, the crop of wheat is good, but the corn is bad; it is a good year for wheat and rye, but bad for corn. In this sense, corn has no plural.", "3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in the field; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing. We say, a field of corn, a sheaf or a shock of corn, a load of corn. The plants or stalks are included in the terms corn, until the seed is separated from the ears.", "4. In surgery, a hard excrescence, or induration of the skin, on the toes or some part of the feet, occasioned by the pressure of the shoes; so called from its hardness and resemblance to a corn.", "5. A small hard particle. See Grain.", "CORN, v.t.", "1. To preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt; as, to corn beef.", "2. To granulate; to form into small grains."], "corner": ["CORNER, n. See Horn and Grain.", "1. The point where two converging lines meet; properly, the external point; an angle; as, we meet at the corner of the state-house, or at the corner of two streets.", "2. The interior point where two lines meet; an angle.", "3. The space between two converging lines or walls which meet in a point. Hence,", "4. An inclosed place; a secret or retired place.", "This thing was not done in a corner. Acts 26.", "5. Indefinitely any part; a part. They searched every corner of the forest. They explored all corners of the country.", "6. The end, extremity or limit; as the corners of the head or beard. Leviticus 21 and 19.", "Corner-teeth of a horse, the foreteeth between the middling teeth and the tushes, two above and two below, on each side of the jaw, which shoot when the horse is four years and a half old."], "cornered": ["CORNERED, a. Having corners; having three or more angles."], "cornet": ["CORNET, n. L., a horn. See Horn.", "1. An instrument of music, in the nature of a trumpet, sounded by blowing with the mouth. It was of a winding shape like a horn; used in armies and on occasions of joy.", "David played before the Lord on cornets. 2 Samuel 6.", "2. In modern usage, an officer of cavalry, who bears the ensign or colors of a troop. He is the third officer in the company.", "3. A company of cavalry; a troop of horse. Not used.", "4. The cornet of a horse coronet is the lowest part of his pastern, that runs round the coffin and is distinguished by the hair that joins and covers the upper part of the hoof.", "5. A little cap of paper in which retailers inclose small wares.", "6. A scarf anciently worn by doctors.", "7. A head dress."], "corneter": ["CORNETTER, CORNETER, CORNICE, n. One who blows a cornet.", "1. In architecture, the uppermost member of the entablature of a column, or the highest projecture; that which crowns and order.", "2. A little projecture in joinery or masonry; as the cornice of a chimney.", "Cornice-ring of a cannon, is the ring next from the muzzle-ring backward."], "cornfloor": ["CORNFLOOR, n. A floor for corn, or for thrashing corn. Isaiah 21. Hosea 9."], "corpse": ["CORPSE, n. L., a body. The dead body of a human being."], "correct": ["CORRECT, a. L., to set right; right, straight. See Right. Literally, set right, or made straight. Hence, right; conformable to truth, rectitude or propriety, or conformable to a just standard; not faulty; free from error. A correct edition of a book is exactly according to the original copy. Correct manners correspond with the rules of morality and received notions of decorum. Correct principles coincide with the truth. Correct language is agreeable to established usage.", "CORRECT, v.t. L. See Right.", "1. To make right; to rectify; to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or propriety; as, to correct manners or principles. Hence,", "2. To amend; to remove or retrench faults or errors; to set right; as, to correct a book; to correct a copy for the press; or in printing, to correct the press, or errors of the press.", "3. To bring back or attempt to bring back to propriety in morals; to punish for faults or deviations from moral rectitude; to chastise; to discipline; as, a child should be corrected for lying.", "Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest. Proverbs 29.", "4. To obviate or remove whatever is wrong or inconvenient; to reduce or change the qualities of any thing by mixture, or other application; to counteract whatever is injurious; as, to correct the acidity of the stomach by alkaline preparations; to correct the relaxing quality of water by boiling it with animal substances."], "corrected": ["CORRECTED, pp. Set right; freed from errors; amended; punished."], "correcting": ["CORRECTING, ppr. Bringing to the standard of truth, justice or propriety; amending; chastising."], "correction": ["CORRECTION, n. L.", "1. The act of correcting; the act of bringing back, from error or deviation, to a just standard, as to truth, rectitude, justice or propriety; as the correction of opinions or manners.", "All scripture is profitable for correction. 2 Timothy 3.", "2. Retrenchment of faults or errors; amendment; as the correction of a book, or of the press.", "3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong; as the corrections of a copy are numerous; set the corrections in the margin of a proof-sheet.", "4. That which is intended to rectify, or to cure faults; punishment; discipline; chastisement; that which corrects.", "Withhold not correction from the child. Proverbs 23.", "5. In scriptural language, whatever tends to correct the moral conduct, and bring back from error or sin, as afflictions.", "They have refused to receive correction. Jeremiah 5.", "My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord, nor be weary of his correction. Proverbs 3.", "6. Critical notice; animadversion.", "7. Abatement of noxious qualities; the counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects; as the correction of acidity in the stomach.", "House of correction, a house where disorderly persons are confined; a bridewell."], "correctional": ["CORRECTIONAL, a. Tending to or intended for correction."], "corrective": ["CORRECTIVE, a. Having the power to correct; having the quality of removing or obviating what is wrong, or injurious; tending to rectify; as corrective penalties.", "Mulberries are pectoral, corrective of bilious alkali.", "CORRECTIVE, n.", "1. That which has the power of correcting; that which has the quality of altering or obviating what is wrong, or injurious; as, alkalies are correctives of acids; penalties are correctives of immoral conduct.", "2. Limitation; restriction. Little used."], "correctness": ["CORRECTNESS, n.", "1. Conformity to truth, justice, or propriety; as the correctness of opinions, of judgment, or of manners.", "2. Conformity to settled usages or rules; as correctness in writing or speaking.", "3. Conformity to a copy or original; as the correctness of a book.", "4. Conformity to established rules of taste or proportion; as the correctness of design in painting, sculpture or architecture."], "corrupt": ["CORRUPT, v.t. L., to break. Literally, to break, separate or dissolve. Hence,", "1. To change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to separate the component parts of a body, as by a natural process, which accompanied by a fetid smell.", "2. To vitiate or deprave; to change from good to bad.", "Evil communications corrupt good manners. 1 Corinthians 15.", "3. To waste, spoil or consume.", "Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt. Matthew 6.", "4. To defile or pollute. Exodus 32.", "5. To entice from good and allure to evil. 2 Corinthians 11.", "6. To pervert; to break, disobey or make void. Malachi 2.", "7. To pervert or vitiate integrity; to bribe; as, to corrupt a judge.", "8. To debase or render impure, by alterations or innovations; as, to corrupt language.", "9. To pervert; to falsify; to infect with errors; as, to corrupt the sacred text.", "CORRUPT, v.i.", "1. To become putrid; to putrefy; to rot. Animal and vegetable substances speedily corrupt in a warm and moist air.", "2. To become vitiated; to lose purity.", "CORRUPT, a. L.", "1. Changed from a sound to a putrid state, as by natural decomposition.", "2. Spoiled; tainted; vitiated; unsound; as corrupt air, or bread.", "3. Depraved; vitiated; tainted with wickedness.", "They are corrupt; they have done abominable works. Psalm 14.", "The earth was corrupt before God. Genesis 6.", "4. Debased; rendered impure; changed to a worse state; as corrupt language.", "5. Not genuine; infected with errors or mistakes. The text is corrupt."], "corrupted": ["CORRUPTED, pp. Putrefied; vitiated; depraved; spoiled; marred; bribed; infected with errors."], "corrupter": ["CORRUPTER, n.", "1. One who corrupts; one who vitiates, or taints; as a corrupter of morals, or of Christianity.", "2. One who bribes; that which depraves or destroys integrity.", "3. One who introduces errors."], "corruptibility": ["CORRUPTIBILITY, n. The possibility of being corrupted."], "corruptible": ["CORRUPTIBLE, a.", "1. That may be corrupted; that may become putrid; subject to decay and destruction. Our bodies are corruptible.", "2. That may be vitiated in qualities or principles; susceptible of depravation. Manners are corruptible by evil example.", "CORRUPTIBLE, n. That which may decay and perish; the human body.", "This corruptible must put on incorruption. 1 Corinthians 15."], "corruptibleness": ["CORRUPTIBLENESS, n. Susceptibility of corruption; corruptibility."], "corruptibly": ["CORRUPTIBLY, adv. In such a manner as to be corrupted or vitiated."], "corrupting": ["CORRUPTING, ppr. Putrefying; depraving; vitiating."], "corruption": ["CORRUPTION, n. L.", "1. The act of corrupting, or state of being corrupt or putrid; the destruction of the natural form of bodies, by the separation of the component parts, or by disorganization, in the process of putrefaction.", "Thou wilt not suffer thy holy One to see corruption. Psalm 16.", "2. Putrid matter; pus.", "3. Putrescence; a foul state occasioned by putrefaction.", "4. Depravity; wickedness; perversion or deterioration of moral principles; loss of purity or integrity.", "Having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. 2 Peter 1.", "Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom.", "5. Debasement; taint; or tendency to a worse state.", "Keep my honor from corruption.", "6. Impurity; depravation; debasement; as a corruption of language.", "7. Bribery. He obtained his suit by corruption.", "8. In law, taint; impurity of blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or felony, by which a person is disabled to inherit lands from an ancestor, nor can retain those in his possession, nor transmit them by descent to his heirs.", "Corruption of blood can be removed only by act of parliament."], "corruptive": ["CORRUPTIVE, a. Having the quality of corrupting, tainting or vitiating.", "It should be endued with some corruptive quality."], "corruptness": ["CORRUPTNESS, n.", "1. The state of being corrupt; putrid state or putrescence.", "2. A state of moral impurity; as the corruptness of a judge.", "3. A vicious state; debasement; impurity; as the corruptness of language."], "corruptly": ["CORRUPTLY, adv.", "1. In a corrupt manner; with corruption; viciously; wickedly; without integrity.", "We have dealt very corruptly against thee. Nehemiah 1.", "2. By bribery. A judgment was obtained corruptly."], "cost": ["COST, n. See the Verb.", "1. The price, value or equivalent of a thing purchased; the amount in value paid, charge or engaged to be paid for any thing bought or taken in barter. The word is equally applicable to the price in money or commodities; as the cost of a suit of clothes; the cost of a house or farm.", "2. Expense; amount in value expended or to be expended; charge; that which is given or to be given for another thing.", "I will not offer burnt offerings without cost. 1 Chronicles 21.", "Have we eaten at all at the kings cost? 2 Samuel 19.", "The cost of maintaining armies is immense and often ruinous.", "3. In law, the sum fixed by law or allowed by the court for charges of a suit awarded against the party losing, in favor of the party prevailing, &c. The jury find that the plaintiff recover of the defendant ten dollars with costs of suit or with his cost.", "4. Loss or expense of any kind; detriment; pain; suffering. The vicious man indulges his propensities at a great cost.", "5. Sumptuousness; great expense.", "COST, v.t. The noun cost coincides in most of these languages with coast and L. Costa, a rib, the exterior part. The primary sense of the verb is, to throw or send out, to cast, as we say, to lay out. I call this a transitive verb. In the phrase, a hat costs six dollars, the sense is, it expends, lays out, or causes to be laid out six dollars.", "1. To require to be given or expend in barter or purchase; to be bought for; as, this book cost a dollar; the army and navy cost four millions a year.", "2. To require to be laid out, given, bestowed or employed; as, Johnsons Dictionary cost him seven years labor.", "3. To require to be borne or suffered. Our sins cost us many pains. A sense of ingratitude to his maker costs the penitent sinner many pangs and sorrows."], "costliness": ["COSTLINESS, n. See Costly. Expensiveness; great cost, or expense; sumptuousness. Revelations 18:19."], "costly": ["COSTLY, a. from cost. Of a high price; sumptuous; expensive; purchased at a great expense; as a costly habit; costly furniture.", "Mary took a pound of spikenard, very costly. John 12."], "cote": ["COTE, n. A sheepfold. See Cot.", "COTE, v.t. TO pass by and turn before; to gain ground in coursing and give a competitor the turn. Little used."], "cottage": ["COTTAGE, n. from cot. A cot; a hut; a small mean habitation.", "The sea coast shall be dwellings and cottages for shepherds. Zephaniah 2."], "cottaged": ["COTTAGED, a. Set or covered with cottages."], "cottager": ["COTTAGER, n.", "1. One who lives in a hut or cottage.", "2. In law, one who lives on the common, without paying any rent, or having land of his own."], "couch": ["COUCH, v.i.", "1. To lie down, as on a bed or place of repose.", "2. To lie down on the knees; to stop and recline on the knees, as a beast.", "Fierce tigers couched around.", "3. To lie down in secret or in ambush; to lie close and concealed.", "The earl of Angus couched in a furrow.", "Judah couched as a lion. Genesis 44.", "4. To lie; to lie in a bed or stratum.", "Blessed of the Lord be his land-for the dew, and for the deep that coucheth beneath. Deuteronomy. 33.", "5. To stoop; to bend the body or back; to lower in reverence, or to bend under labor, pain, or a burden.", "Issachar is a strong ass, couching down between two burdens. Genesis 44.", "These couchings, and these lowly courtesies.", "COUCH, v.t.", "1. To lay down; to repose on a bed or place of rest.", "Where unbruised youth, with unstuffed brain, doth couch his limbs.", "2. To lay down; to spread on a bed or floor; as, to couch malt.", "3. To lay close, or in a stratum.", "The waters couch themselves, as close as may be, to the center of the globe.", "4. To hide; to lay close, or in another body.", "It is in use at this day, to couch vessels in walls, to gather the wind from the top, and pass it down in spouts into rooms.", "5. To include secretly; to hide; or to express in obscure terms, that imply what is to be understood; with under.", "All this, and more, lies couched under this allegory.", "Hence,", "6. To involve; to include; to comprise; to comprehend or express.", "This great argument for a future state, which St. Paul hath couched int he words read.", "7. To lie close.", "8. To fix a spear in the rest, in the posture of attack.", "They couched their spears.", "9. To depress the condensed crystaline humor or film that overspreads the pupil of the eye. To remove a catarct, by entering a needle through the coats of the eye, and pushing the lens to the bottom of the vitreous humor, and then downwards and outwards, so as to leave it in the under and outside of the eye. The true phrase is, to couch a cataract; but we say, to couch they eye, or the patient.", "COUCH, n.", "1. A bed; a place for rest or sleep.", "2. A seat of repose; a place for rest and ease, on which it is common to lie down undressed.", "3. A layer of stratum; as a couch of malt.", "4. In painting, a lay or impression of color, in oil or water, covering the canvas, wall, or other matter to be painted.", "5. Any lay, or impression, used to make a thing firm or consistent, or to screen it from the weather.", "6. A covering of gold or silver leaf, laid on any substance to be gilded or silvered."], "couched": ["COUCHED, pp. Laid down; laid on; hid; included or involved; laid close; fixed in the rest, as a spear; depressed or removed, as a cataract."], "couching": ["COUCHING, ppr. Lying down; laying down; lying close; involving; including; expressing; depressing a cataract.", "COUCHING, n. The act of stooping or bowing."], "could": ["COULD, pron. COOD. The past tense of can, according to our customary arrangement in grammar; but in reality a distinct word, can having no past tense. Could, we receive through the Celtic dialects.", "1. Had sufficient strength or physical power. A sick man could not lift his hand. Isaac was old and could not see. Alexander could easily conquer the effeminate Asiatics.", "2. Had adequate means or instruments. The men could defray their own expenses. The country was exhausted and could not support the war.", "3. Had adequate moral power. We heard the story, but could not believe it. Th intemperate man could have restrained his appetite for strong drink. He could have refrained, if we would.", "My mind could not be towards this people. Jeremiah 15.", "4. Had power or capacity b the laws of its nature. The tree could not grow for want of water.", "5. Had competent legal power; had right, or had the requisite qualifications. Formerly, a citizen could not vote for officers of government without the possession of some property. AB could not be elected to the office of senator, for want of estate. BC, not being the blood of the ancestor, could not inherit his estate.", "6. Had sufficient capacity. The world could not contain the books. John 21.", "7. Was capable or susceptible, by its nature or constitution, as of some change. He found a substance that could not be fused.", "8. Had adequate strength or fortitude; as, he could not endure the pain or the reproach.", "9. Had motives sufficient to overcome objections. He thought at first he could not comply with the request; but after consideration he determined to comply.", "10. Had competent knowledge or skill. He could solve the most difficult problems."], "coulter": ["COULTER. See Colter."], "council": ["COUNCIL, n. L., to call, Gr. See Hold. This word is often confounded with counsel, with which it has no connection. Council is a collection or assembly.", "1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation, deliberation and advice.", "The chief priest and all the council sought false witness. Matthew 20.", "The kings of England were formerly assisted by a grand council or peers.", "The word is applicable to any body of men, appointed or convened for consultation and advice, in important affairs; as, a council of divines or clergymen, with their lay delegates; a council of war, consisting of the principal officers, to advise the commander in chief or admiral; a council of physicians, to consult and advise in difficult cases of disease.", "2. A body of men specially designated to advise a chief magistrate in the administration of the government, as in Great Britain.", "3. In some of the American states, a branch of the legislature, corresponding with the senate in other states, and called legislative council.", "4. An assembly of prelates and doctors, convened for regulating matters of doctrine an discipline in the church.", "5. Act of deliberation; consultation of a council.", "Common-Council of a city. In London, a court consisting of the lord mayor and aldermen in one house, and of representatives of the several wards, called common-council-men, in the other. But more generally the common-council is considered as the body of representatives of the citizens, as distinct from the mayor and aldermen. Thus in Connecticut, the cities are incorporated by the name of the The Mayor, Aldermen, Common-Council and Freemen, of the city of Hartford, New-Haven, &c.", "Ecumenical Council, in church history, a general council or assembly of prelates and doctors, representing the whole church; as the council of Nice, of Ephesus, and of Chalcedon.", "Privy Council, a select council for advising a king in the administration of the government.", "Aulic Council. See Aulic."], "counsel": ["COUNSEL, n. L., to consult; to ask, to assail.", "1. Advice; opinion, or instruction, given upon request or otherwise, for directing the judgment or conduct of another; opinion given upon deliberation or consultation.", "Every purpose is established by counsel. Proverbs 20.", "Thou hast not hearkened to my counsel. 2 Chronicles 25.", "2. Consultation; interchange of opinions.", "We took sweet counsel together. Psalm 55.", "3. Deliberation; examination of consequences.", "They all confess that, in the working of that first cause, counsel is used, reason followed, and a way observed.", "4. Prudence; deliberate opinion or judgment, or the faculty or habit of judging with caution.", "O how comely is the wisdom of old men, and understanding and counsel to men of honor. Ecclus. 25.", "The law shall perish from the priest, and counsel from the ancients. Ezekiel 7.", "5. In a bad sense, evil advice or designs; art; machination.", "The counsel of the froward is carried headlong. Job 5.", "6. Secresy; the secrets entrusted in consultation; secret opinions or purposes. Let a man keep his own counsel.", "7. In a scriptural sense, purpose; design; will; decree.", "What thy counsel determined before to be done. Acts 4.", "To show the immutability of his counsel. Hebrews 6.", "8. Directions of Gods word.", "Thou shalt guide me by thy counsel. Psalm 73.", "9. The will of God or his truth and doctrines concerning the way of salvation.", "I have not shunned to declare to you all the counsel of God. Acts 20.", "10. Those who give counsel in law; any counselor or advocate, or any number of counselors, barristers or sergeants; as the plaintiffs counsel, or the defendants counsel. The attorney-general and solicitor-general are the kings counsel. In this sense, the word has no plural; but in the singular number, is applicable to one or more persons.", "COUNSEL, v.t. L.", "1. To give advice or deliberate opinion to another for the government of his conduct; to advise.", "I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire. Revelations 3.", "2. To exhort, warn, admonish, or instruct. We ought frequently to counsel our children against the vices of the age.", "They that will not be counseled, cannot be helped.", "3. To advise or recommend; as, to counsel a crime. Not much used."], "counselable": ["COUNSELABLE, a. Willing to receive counsel; disposed to follow the advice or opinions of others."], "counseled": ["COUNSELED, pp. Advised; instructed; admonished."], "counseling": ["COUNSELING, ppr. Advising; instructing; admonishing."], "count": ["COUNT, v.t.", "1. To number; to tell or name one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection; as, to count the years, days and hours of a mans life; to count the stars.", "Who can count the dust of Jacob? Numbers 23.", "2. To reckon; to preserve a reckoning; to compute.", "Some tribes of rude nations count their years by the coming of certain birds among them at certain seasons, and leaving them at others.", "3. To reckon; to place to an account; to ascribe or impute; to consider or esteem as belonging.", "Abraham believed in God, and he counted it to him for righteousness. Genesis 15.", "4. To esteem; to account; to reckon; to think, judge, or consider.", "I count them my enemies. Psalm 139.", "Neither count I my life dear to myself. Acts 20.", "I count all things loss. Philippians 3.", "5. To impute; to charge.", "COUNT, v.i. To count on or upon, to reckon upon; to found an account or scheme on; to rely on. We cannot count on the friendship of nations. Count not on the sincerity of sycophants.", "COUNT, n.", "1. Reckoning; the act of numbering; as, this is the number according to my count.", "2. Number.", "3. In law, a particular charge in an indictment, or narration in pleading, setting forth the cause of complaint. There may be different counts in the same declaration.", "COUNT, n. L., a companion or associate, a fellow traveler. A title of foreign nobility, equivalent to the English earl, and whose domain is a county. An earl; the alderman of a shire, as the Saxons called him. The titles of English nobility, according to their rank, are Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount, and Baron."], "counted": ["COUNTED, pp. Numbered; told; esteemed; reckoned; imputed."], "countenance": ["COUNTENANCE, n. L., to hold.", "1. Literally, the contents of a body; the outline and extent which constitutes the whole figure or external appearance. Appropriately, the human face; the whole form of the face, or system of features; visage.", "A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance. Proverbs 15.", "Be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance. Matthew 6.", "2. Air; look; aspect; appearance of the face; as in the phrase, to change or alter the countenance.", "3. The face or look of a beast; as a horse of a good countenance.", "4. Favor; good will; kindness.", "Thou hast made him glad with thy countenance. Psalm 21.", "Hence in scriptural language, the light of Gods countenance is his smiles or favorable regards, his favor and grace; and to hide his face or countenance is to manifest his displeasure, and withdraw his gracious aids. So the rebuke of his countenance indicates his anger and frowns. Psalm 80.", "This application of face or countenance, which seems to be of high antiquity, proceeded probably from the practice of turning away the face to express anger, displeasure and refusal; a practice still common, but probably universal among rude nations. The opposite conduct would of course express favor. The grant of a petition is accompanied with a look directed to the petitioner; the refusal or denial, with an averted face. Hence,", "5. Support; aid; patronage; encouragement; favor in promoting and maintaining a person or cause.", "It is the province of the magistrate, to give countenance to piety and virtue.", "Let religion enjoy the countenance of the laws.", "Give no countenance to violations of moral duty.", "6. Show; resemblance; superficial appearance.", "The election being done, he made countenance of great discontent thereat.", "7. In law, credit or estimation.", "To keep the countenance, is to preserve a calm, composed or natural look, unruffled by passion; to refrain from expressing laughter, joy, anger or other passion, by an unchanged countenance.", "In countenance, in favor; in estimation.", "If the profession of religion were in countenance among men of distinction, it would have a happy effect on society.", "To keep in countenance, to give assurance or courage to; to support; to aid by favor; to prevent from shame or dismay.", "To put in countenance, to give assurance; to encourage; or to bring into favor; to support.", "Out of countenance, confounded; abashed; with the countenance cast down; not bold or assured.", "To put out of countenance, to cause the countenance to fall; to abash; to intimidate; to disconcert.", "COUNTENANCE, v.t.", "1. To favor; to encourage by opinion or words.", "The design was made known to the minister, but he said nothing to countenance it.", "2. To aid; to support; to encourage; to abet; to vindicate; by any means.", "Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause. Exodus 23.", "3. To encourage; to appear in defense.", "He countenanced the landing in his long boat.", "4. To make a show of.", "Each to these ladies love did countenance.", "5. To keep an appearance."], "countervail": ["COUNTERVAIL, v.t. counter and L., to avail or be strong. To act against with equal force, or power; to equal; to act with equivalent effect against any thing; to balance; to compensate.", "The profit will hardly countervail the inconveniences.", "Although the enemy could not countervail the kings damage. Esther 7.", "COUNTERVAIL, n. Equal weight or strength; power or value sufficient to obviate any effect; equal weight or value; compensation; requital."], "countervailed": ["COUNTERVAILED, pp. Acted against with equal force or power; balanced; compensated."], "countervailing": ["COUNTERVAILING, ppr. Opposing with equal strength or value; balancing; obviating an effect."], "country": ["COUNTRY, n. L., land adjacent to a city. Hence the citizen says, let us go into the country. The Latin has conterraneus, a countryman.", "1. Properly, the land lying about or near a city; the territory situated in the vicinity of a city. Our friend has a seat in the country, a few miles from town. See Mark 5. Luke 8. Hence,", "2. The whole territory of a kingdom or state, as opposed to city. We say, the gentleman has a seat in the country, at any distance from town indefinitely. Hence,", "3. Any tract of land, or inhabited land; any region, as distinguished from other regions; a kingdom, state or lesser district. We speak of all the countries of Europe or Asia.", "And they came into the country of Moab. Ruth 1.", "4. The kingdom , state or territory in which one is born; the land of nativity; or the particular district indefinitely in which one is born. America is my country, or Connecticut is my country.", "Laban said, it must not be so done in our country. Genesis 29.", "5. The region in which one resides.", "He sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country. Hebrews 11.", "6. Land, as opposed to water; or inhabited territory.", "The shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country. Acts 27.", "7. The inhabitants of a region.", "All the country wept with a loud voice. 2 Samuel 15.", "8. A place of residence; a region of permanent habitation.", "They declare plainly that they seek a country. Hebrews 11.", "They desire a better country, a heavenly. Hebrews 11.", "9. In law, a jury or jurors; as, trial by the country, per pais.", "COUNTRY, a.", "1. Pertaining to the country or territory at a distance from a city; rural; rustic; as a country town; a country seat; a country squire; a country life; the country party, as opposed to city party.", "2. Pertaining or peculiar to ones own country.", "He spoke in his country language.", "3. Rude; ignorant.", "Country-dance, and erroneous orthography. See Contra-dance."], "couple": ["COUPLE, n. L. G.", "1. Two of the same species or kind, and near in place, or considered together; as a couple of men; a couple or oranges. I have planted a couple of cherry trees. We cannot call a horse and an ox a couple, unless we add a generic term. Of a horse and ox feeding in a pasture, we should say, a couple of animals. Among huntsmen and soldiers, brace is used for couple; as a brace of ducks; a brace or pistols. Couple differs from pair, which implies strictly not only things of the same kind, but likeness, equality or customary association. A pair is a couple; but a couple may or may not be a pair.", "2. Two things of any kind connected or linked together.", "3. A male and female connected by marriage, betrothed or allied; as a married couple; a young couple.", "4. That which links or connects two things together; a chain.", "COUPLE, v.t.", "1. To link, chain or connect one thing with another; to sew or fasten together.", "Thou shalt couple the curtains with taches. Exodus 26.", "2. To marry; to wed; to unite, as husband and wife.", "COUPLE, v.i. To embrace, as the sexes."], "coupled": ["COUPLED, pp. United, as two things; linked; married."], "coupling": ["COUPLING, ppr. Uniting in couples; fastening or connecting together; embracing.", "COUPLING, n.", "1. That which couples or connects. 2 Chronicles 34", "2.The act of coupling."], "courage": ["COURAGE, n. L., the heart. Bravery; intrepidity; that quality of mind which enables men to encounter danger and difficulties with firmness, or without fear or depression of spirits; valor; boldness; resolution. It is a constituent part of fortitude; but fortitude implies patience to bear continued suffering.", "Courage that grows from constitution, often forsakes a man when he has occasion for it; courage which arises from a sense of duty, acts in a uniform manner.", "Be strong and of good courage. Deuteronomy 31."], "courageous": ["COURAGEOUS, a. Brave; bold; daring; intrepid; hardy to encounter difficulties and dangers; adventurous; enterprising.", "Be thou strong and courageous. Joshua 1."], "courageously": ["COURAGEOUSLY, adv. With courage; bravely; boldly; stoutly."], "courageousness": ["COURAGEOUSNESS, n. Courage; boldness; bravery; intrepidity; spirit; valor."], "course": ["COURSE, n.", "1. In its general sense, a passing; a moving, or motion forward, in a direct or curving line; applicable to any body or substance, solid or fluid.", "Applied to animals, a running, or walking; a race; a career; a passing, or passage, with any degree of swiftness indefinitely.", "Applied to fluids, a flowing, as in a stream in any direction; as a straight course, or winding course. It is applied to water or other liquids, to air or wind, and to light, in the sense of motion or passing.", "Applied to solid bodies, it signifies motion or passing; as the course of a rolling stone; the course of a carriage; the course of the earth in its orbit.", "Applied to navigation, it signifies a passing or motion on water, or in balloons in air; a voyage.", "2. The direction of motion; line of advancing; point of compass, in which motion is directed; as, what course shall the pilot steer? In technical language, the angel contained between the nearest meridian and that point of compass on which a ship sails in any direction.", "3. Ground on which a race is run.", "4. A passing or process; the progress of any thing; as the course of an argument, or of a debate; a course of thought or reflexion.", "5. Order of proceeding or of passing from an ancestor to an heir; as the course of descent in inheritance.", "6. Order; turn; class; succession of one to another in office, or duty.", "The chief fathers of every course. 1 Chronicles 27.", "Solomon appointed the courses of the priests. 2 Chronicles 8.", "7. Stated and orderly method of proceeding; usual manner. He obtained redress in due course of law. Leave nature to her course.", "8. Series of successive and methodical procedure; a train of acts, or applications; as a course of medicine administered.", "9. A methodical series, applied to the arts or sciences; a systemized order of principles in arts or sciences, for illustration of instruction. We say, the author has completed a course of principles or of lectures in philosophy. Also, the order pursued by a student; as, he has completed a course of studies in law or physics.", "10. Manner of proceeding; way of life or conduct; deportment; series of actions.", "That I might finish my course with joy. Acts 20.", "Their course is evil. Jeremiah 23.", "11. Line of conduct; manner of proceeding; as, we know not what course to pursue.", "12. Natural bent; propensity; uncontrolled will. Let not a perverse child take his own course.", "13. Tilt; act of running in the lists.", "14. Orderly structure; system.", "The tongue setteth on fire the course of nature. James 3.", "15. Any regular series. In architecture, a continued range of stones, level or of the same highth, throughout the whole length of the building, and not interrupted by any aperture. A laying of bricks, &c.", "16. The dishes set on table at one time; service of meat.", "17. Regularity; order; regular succession; as, let the classes follow in course.", "18. Empty form; as, compliments are often words of course.", "Of course, by consequence; in regular or natural order; in the common manner of proceeding; without specila direction or provision. This effect will follow of course. If the defendant resides no in the state, the cause is continued of course."], "coursed": ["COURSED, pp. Hunted; chased; pursued; caused to run."], "courses": ["COURSES, n. plu.", "1. In a ship, the principal sails, as the main sail, fore sail, and mizen; sometimes the name is given to the stay sails on the lower masts; also to the main stay sails of all brigs and schooners.", "2. Catamenia; menstrual flux."], "coursing": ["COURSING, ppr. Hunting; chasing; running; flowing; compelling to run.", "COURSING, n. The act or sport of chasing and hunting hares, foxes or deer."], "court": ["COURT, n.", "1. A place in front of a house, inclosed by a wall or fence; in popular language, a court-yard.", "2. A space inclosed by houses, broader than a street; or a space forming a kind of recess from a public street.", "3. A palace; the place of residence of a king or sovereign prince.", "4. The hall, chamber or place where justice is administered.", "St. Paul was brought into the highest court in Athens.", "5. Persons who compose the retinue or council of a king or emperor.", "6. The persons or judges assembled for hearing and deciding causes, civil, criminal, military, naval or ecclesiastical; as a court of law; a court of chancery; a court martial; a court of admiralty; an ecclesiastical court; court baron; &c. Hence,", "7. Any jurisdiction, civil, military, or ecclesiastical.", "8. The art of pleasing; the art of insinuation; civility; flattery; address to gain favor. Hence the phrase, to make court, to attempt to please by flattery and address.", "9. In scripture, an inclosed part of the entrance into a palace or house. The tabernacle had one court; the temple, three. The first was the court of the Gentiles; the second, the court of Israel, in which the people worshiped; the third was the court of the priests, where the priests and Levites exercised their ministry. Hence places of public worship are called the courts of the Lord.", "10. In the United States, a legislature consisting of two houses; as the General court of Massachusetts. The original constitution of Connecticut established a General Court in 1639.", "11. A session of the legislature.", "COURT, v.t.", "1. In a general sense, to flatter; to endeavor to please by civilities and address; a use of the word derived from the manners of a court.", "2. To woo; to solicit for marriage.", "A thousand court you, though they court in vain.", "3. To attempt to gain by address; to solicit; to seek; as, to court commendation or applause."], "courted": ["COURTED, pp. Flattered; wooed; solicited in marriage; sought."], "courting": ["COURTING, ppr. Flattering; attempting to gain by address; wooing; soliciting in marriage."], "courteous": ["COURTEOUS, a. from court.", "1. Polite; wellbred; being of elegant manners; civil; obliging; condescending; applied to persons.", "2. Polite; civil; graceful; elegant; complaisant; applied to manners, &c."], "courteously": ["COURTEOUSLY, adv. In a courteous manner; with obliging civility and condescension; complaisantly."], "courteousness": ["COURTEOUSNESS, n. Civility of manners; obliging condescension; complaisance."], "cousin": ["COUSIN, n.", "1. In a general sense, one collaterally related more remotely than a brother or sister. But,", "2. Appropriately, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt; the children of brothers and sisters being usually denominated cousins or cousin-germans. In the second generation, they are called second cousins.", "3. A title given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council.", "COUSIN, a. Allied."], "covenable": ["COVENABLE, a. Fit; suitable."], "covenant": ["COVENANT, n. L, to come; a coming together; a meeting or agreement of minds.", "1. A mutual consent or agreement of two or more persons, to do or to forbear some act or thing; a contract; stipulation. A covenant is created by deed in writing, sealed and executed; or it may be implied in the contract.", "2. A writing containing the terms of agreement or contract between parties; or the clause of agreement in a deed containing the covenant.", "3. In theology, the covenant of works, is that implied in the commands, prohibitions, and promises of God; the promise of God to man, that mans perfect obedience should entitle him to happiness. This do, and live; that do, and die.", "The covenant of redemption, is the mutual agreement between the Father and Son, respecting the redemption of sinners by Christ.", "The covenant of grace, is that by which God engages to bestow salvation on man, upon the condition that man shall believe in Christ and yield obedience to the terms of the gospel.", "4. In church affairs, a solemn agreement between the members of a church, that they will walk together according to the precepts of the gospel, in brotherly affection.", "COVENANT, v.i. To enter into a formal agreement; to stipulate; to bind ones self by contract. A covenants with B to convey to him a certain estate. When the terms are expressed ti has for before the thing or price.", "They covenanted with him for thirty pieces of silver. Matthew 26.", "COVENANT, v.t. To grant or promise by covenant."], "covenanted": ["COVENANTED, pp. Pledged or promised by covenant."], "covenanting": ["COVENANTING, ppr. Making a covenant; stipulating."], "covenous": ["COVENOUS, COVINOUS, a. See Covin. Collusive; fraudulent; deceitful; as a covenous lease of lands."], "cover": ["COVER, v.t. L.", "1. To overspread the surface of a thing with another substance; to lay or set over; as, to cover a table with a cloth, or a floor with a carpet.", "The valleys are covered with corn. Psalm 65.", "The locusts shall cover the face of the earth. Exodus 5.", "2. To hide; to conceal by something overspread.", "If I say, surely the darkness shall cover me-- Psalm 139.", "3. To conceal by some intervening object; as, the enemy was covered from our sight by a forest.", "4. To clothe; as, to cover with a robe or mantle; to cover nakedness. 1 Samuel 28:14. Exodus 28:42.", "5. To overwhelm.", "The waters covered the chariots and horsemen. Exodus 14.", "Let them be covered with reproach. Psalm 71.", "6. To conceal from notice or punishment.", "Charity shall cover the multitude of sins. 1 Peter 4.", "7. To conceal; to refrain from disclosing or confessing.", "He that covereth his sin shall not prosper. Proverbs 28.", "8. To pardon or remit.", "Blessed is he whose sin is covered. Psalm 32.", "9. To vail, applied to women. 1 Corinthians 11. To wear a hat, applied to men. Be covered, sir.", "10. To wrap, infold or envelop; as, to cover a package of goods.", "11. To shelter; to protect; to defend. A squadron of horse covered the troops on the retreat.", "And the soft wings of peace cover him around.", "12. To brood; to incubate; as, a hen covering her eggs.", "13. To copulate with a female.", "14. To equal, or be of equal extent; to be equivalent to; as, the receipts do not cover the expenses; a mercantile use of the word.", "15. To disguise; to conceal hypocritically.", "16. To include, embrace or comprehend. This land was covered by a mortgage.", "COVER, n.", "1. Any thing which is laid, set or spread over another thing; as the cover of a vessel; the cover of a bed.", "2. Any thing which vails or conceals; a screen; disguise; superficial appearance. Affected gravity may serve as a cover for a deceitful heart.", "3. Shelter; defense; protection. The troops fought under cover of the batteries.", "4. Concealment and protection. The army advanced under cover of the night.", "5. Shelter; retreat; in hunting."], "covered": ["COVERED, pp. Spread over; hid; concealed; clothed; vailed; having a hat on; wrapped; inclosed; sheltered; protected; disguised."], "covering": ["COVERING, ppr. Spreading over; laying over; concealing; vailing; clothing; wrapping; inclosing; protecting; disguising.", "COVERING, n.", "1. That which convers; any thing spread or laid over another, whether for security or concealment.", "Noah removed the covering of the ark. Genesis 8.", "He spread a cloud for a covering. Psalm 105.", "Destruction hath no covering. Job 26.", "2. A cover; a lid.", "Every open vessel that hath no covering. Numbers 19.", "3. Clothing; raiment; garments; dress.", "They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no covering in the cold. Job 24."], "covert": ["COVERT, a.", "1. Covered; hid; private; secret; concealed.", "Whether of open war, or covert guile.", "2. Disguised; insidious.", "3. Sheltered; not open or exposed; as a covert alley, or place.", "4. Under cover, authority or protection; as a feme-covert, a married woman who is considered as being under the influence and protection of her husband.", "COVERT, n.", "1. A covering, or covering place; a place which covers and shelters; a shelter; a defense.", "A tabernacle--for a covert from storm and rain. Isaiah 4.", "I will trust in the covert of thy wings. Psalm 111.", "2. A thicket; a shady place, or a hiding place. 1 Samuel 25. Job 38."], "covertness": ["COVERTNESS, n. Secrecy; privacy."], "covet": ["COVET, v.t.", "1. To desire or wish for, with eagerness; to desire earnestly to obtain or possess; in a good sense.", "Covet earnestly the best gifts. 1 Corinthians 12.", "2. To desire inordinately; to desire that which it is unlawful to obtain or possess; in a bad sense.", "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbors house, wife or servant. Exodus 20.", "COVET, v.i. To have an earnest desire. 1 Timothy 6."], "covetable": ["COVETABLE, a. That may be coveted."], "coveted": ["COVETED, pp. Earnestly desired; greatly wished or longed for."], "coveting": ["COVETING, n. Inordinate desire."], "covetous": ["COVETOUS, a.", "1. Very desirous; eager to obtain; in a good sense; as covetous of wisdom, virtue or learning.", "2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to obtain and possess; directed to money or goods, avaricious.", "A bishop must not be covetous. 1 Timothy 3."], "covetously": ["COVETOUSLY, adv. With a strong or inordinate desire to obtain and possess; eagerly; avariciously."], "covetousness": ["COVETOUSNESS, n.", "1. A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and possessing some supposed good; usually in a bad sense, and applied to an inordinate desire of wealth or avarice.", "Out of the heart proceedeth covetousness. Mark 7.", "Mortify your members--and covetousness which is idolatry. Colossians 3.", "2. Strong desire; eagerness."], "cow": ["COW, n. plu. cows; old plu. kine. The female of the bovine genus of animals; a quadruped with cloven hoofs, whose milk furnishes an abundance of food and profit to the farmer.", "Sea-cow, the Manatus, a species of the Trichechus. See Sea-cow.", "COW, v.t. To depress with fear; to sink the spirits or courage; to oppress with habitual timidity."], "coz": ["COZ. A contraction of cousin."], "crackle": ["CRACKLE, v.i. To make slight cracks; to make small abrupt noises, rapidly or frequently repeated; to decrepitate; as, burning thorns crackle."], "crackling": ["CRACKLING, ppr. Making slight cracks, or abrupt noises.", "CRACKLING, n. The making of small abrupt cracks or reports, frequently repeated.", "The crackling of thorns under a pot. Ecclesiastes 7."], "cracknel": ["CRACKNEL, n. A hard brittle cake or biscuit. 1 Kings 14:3."], "craft": ["CRAFT, n.", "1. Art; ability; dexterity; skill.", "Poesy is the poets skill or craft of making--", "2. Cunning, art or skill, in a bad sense, or applied to bad purposes; artifice; guile; skill or dexterity employed to effect purposes by deceit.", "The chief priests and scribes sought how they might take him by craft, and put him to death. Mark 14.", "3. Art; skill; dexterity in a particular manual occupation; hence, the occupation or employment itself; manual art; trade.", "Ye know that by this craft we have our wealth. Acts 19.", "4. All sorts of vessels employed in loading or unloading ships, as lighters, hoys, barges, scows, &c.", "Small craft is a term given to small vessels of all hinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters, &c.", "CRAFT, v.i. To play tricks. Not in use."], "craftiness": ["CRAFTINESS, n. Artfulness; dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose; cunning; artifice; stratagem.", "He taketh the wise in their own craftiness. Job 5.", "Not walking in craftiness, nor handling the word of God deceitfully. 2 Corinthians 4."], "crafty": ["CRAFTY, a.", "1. Cunning; artful; skillful in devising and pursuing a scheme, by deceiving others, or by taking advantage of their ignorance; wily; sly; fraudulent.", "He disappointeth the devices of the crafty. Job 5.", "2. Artful; cunning; in a good sense, or in a laudable pursuit.", "Being crafty, I caught you with guile. 2 Corinthians 12."], "craftsman": ["CRAFTSMAN, n. An artificer; a mechanic; one skilled in a manual occupation."], "crag": ["CRAG, n. Gr., to break, L., breaking. See Crack. A steep rugged rock; a rough broken rock, or point of a rock.", "CRAG, n. Gr. Roughness, or break. We now call it rack. The neck, formerly applied to the neck of a human being, as in Spenser. We now apply it to the neck or neck-piece of mutton, and call it a rack of mutton."], "cragged": ["CRAGGED, a. Full of crags or broken rocks; rough; rugged; abounding with prominences, points and inequalities."], "crane": ["CRANE, n. Gr., the plant, cranes-bill.", "1. A migratory fowl of the genus Ardea, belonging to the grallic order. The bill is straight, sharp and long, with a furrow from the nostrils towards the point; the nostrils are linear, and the feet have four toes. These fowls have long legs, and a long neck, being destined to wade and seek their food among grass and reeds in marshy grounds. The common crane is about four feet in length, of a slender body, with ash-coloured feathers.", "2. A machine for raising great weights, consisting of a horizontal arm, or piece of timber, projecting from a post, and furnished with a tackle or pulley.", "3. A siphon, or crooked pipe for drawing liquors out of a cask."], "crash": ["CRASH, v.t. To break; to bruise.", "CRASH, v.i. To make the loud, clattering, multifarious sound of many things falling and breaking at once.", "When convulsions cleave the labring earth, before the dismal yawn appears, the ground trembles and heaves, the nodding houses crash.", "CRASH, n. The loud mingled sound of many things falling and breaking at once; as the sound of a large tree falling and its branches breaking, or the sound of a falling house."], "crashing": ["CRASHING, n. The sound of many things falling and breaking at once.", "There shall be a great crashing from the hills. Zephaniah 1."], "crave": ["CRAVE, v.t.", "1. To ask with earnestness or importunity; to beseech; to implore; to ask with submission or humility, as a dependent; to beg; to entreat.", "As for my nobler friends, I crave their pardons.", "Joseph--went in boldly to Pilate, and craved the body of Jesus. Mark 15.", "2. To call for, as a gratification; to long for; to require or demand, as a passion or appetite; as, the stomach or appetite craves food.", "3. Sometimes intransitively, with for before the thing sought; as, I crave for mercy."], "craved": ["CRAVED, pp. Asked for with earnestness; implored; entreated; longed for; required."], "craving": ["CRAVING, ppr.", "1. Asking with importunity; urging for earnestly; begging; entreating.", "2. Calling for with urgency; requiring; demanding gratification; as an appetite craving food.", "CRAVING, n. Vehement or urgent desire, or calling for; a longing for."], "creat": ["CREAT, n. In the manege, an usher to a riding master."], "create": ["CREATE, v.t. L.", "1. To produce; to bring into being from nothing; to cause to exist.", "In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. Genesis 1.", "2. To make or form, by investing with a new character; as, to create one a peer or baron; to create a manor.", "I create you companions to our person.", "3. To produce; to cause; to be the occasion of.", "Your eye in Scotland would create soldiers, and make women fight.", "Long abstinence creates uneasiness in the stomach; confusion is created by hurry.", "4. To beget; to generate; to bring forth.", "The people which shall be created, shall praise the Lord. Psalm 102.", "5. To make or produce, by new combinations of matter already created, and by investing these combinations with new forms, constitutions and qualities; to shape and organize.", "God created man in his own image. Genesis 1.", "6. To form anew; to change the state or character; to renew.", "Create in me a clean heart. Psalm 51.", "We are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus. Ephesians 2."], "created": ["CREATED, pp. Formed from nothing; caused to exist; produced; generated; invested with a new character; formed into new combinations, with a peculiar shape, constitution and properties; renewed."], "creating": ["CREATING, ppr. Forming from nothing; originating; producing; giving a new character; constituting new beings from matter by shaping, organizing and investing with new properties; forming anew."], "creation": ["CREATION, n.", "1. The act of creating; the act of causing to exist; and especially, the act of bringing this world into existence. Romans 1.", "2. The act of making, by new combinations of matter, invested with new forms and properties, and of subjecting to different laws; the act of shaping and organizing; as the creation of man and other animals, of plants, minerals, &c.", "3. The act of investing with a new character; as the creation of peers in England.", "4. The act of producing.", "5. The things created; creatures; the world; the universe.", "As subjects then the whole creation came.", "6. Any part of the things created.", "Before the low creation swarmed with men.", "7. Any thing produced or caused to exist.", "A false creation, proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain."], "creator": ["CREATOR, n. L.", "1. The being or person that creates.", "Remember thy creator in the days of thy youth. Ecclesiastes 12.", "2. The thing that creates, produces or causes."], "creature": ["CREATURE, n.", "1. That which is created; every being besides the Creator, or every thing not self-existent. The sun, moon and stars; the earth, animals, plants, light, darkness, air, water, &c., are the creatures of God.", "2. In a restricted sense, an animal of any kind; a living being; a beast. In a more restricted sense, man. Thus we say, he was in trouble and no creature was present to aid him.", "3. A human being, in contempt; as an idle creature; a poor creature; what a creature!", "4. With words of endearment, it denotes a human being beloved; as a pretty creature; a sweet creature.", "5. That which is produced, formed or imagined; as a creature of the imagination.", "6. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; one who is made to be what he is.", "Great princes thus, when favorites they raise, to justify their grace, their creatures praise.", "7. A dependent; a person who is subject to the will or influence of another."], "creaturely": ["CREATURELY, a. Having the qualities of a creature. Little used."], "creditor": ["CREDITOR, n. L. See Creed.", "1. A person to whom a sum of money or other thing is due, by obligation, promise or in law; properly, one who gives credit in commerce; but in a general sense, one who has a just claim for money; correlative to debtor. In a figurative sense, one who has a just claim to services.", "Creditors have better memories than debtors.", "2. One who believes. Not used."], "creek": ["CREEK, v.t. To make a harsh sharp noise. See Creak.", "CREEK, n. See Crack.", "1. A small inlet, bay or cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river.", "They discovered a certain creek with a shore. Acts 27.", "2. Any turn in winding.", "3. A prominence or jut in a winding coast. This sense is probably not legitimate.", "4. In some of the American States, a small river. This sense is not justified by etymology, but as streams often enter into creeks and small bays or form them, the name has been extended to small streams in general."], "creep": ["CREEP, v.i. Gr., the sense is to catch, to grapple; L., to scrape or scratch.", "1. To move with the belly on the ground, or the surface of any other body, as a worm or serpent without legs, or as many insects with feet and very short legs; to crawl.", "2. To move along the ground, or on the surface of any other body, in growth, as a vine; to grow along.", "3. To move slowly, feebly or timorously; as an old or infirm man, who creeps about his chamber.", "4. To move slowly and insensibly, as time.", "To morrow, and to morrow, and to morrow, creeps in this petty pace from day to day.", "5. To move secretly; to move so as to escape detection, or prevent suspicion.", "Of this sort are they who creep into houses, and lead away captive silly women. 2 Timothy 3.", "6. To steal in; to move forward unheard and unseen; to come or enter unexpectedly or unobserved; as, some error has crept into the copy of a history.", "7. To move or behave with servility; to fawn."], "creeping": ["CREEPING, ppr. Moving on the belly, or close to the surface of the earth or other body; moving slowly, secretly, or silently; moving insensibly; stealing along."], "creepingly": ["CREEPINGLY, adv. By creeping; slowly; in the manner of a reptile."], "crept": ["CREPT, pret. and pp. of creep."], "crew": ["CREW, n.", "1. A company of people associated; as a noble crew; a gallant crew.", "2. A company, in a low or bad sense, which is now most usual; a herd; as a rebel crew.", "So we say, a miserable crew.", "3. The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel or boat; the company belonging to a vessel. Also, the company or gang of a carpenter, gunner, boatswain, &c. It is appropriated to the common sailors.", "CREW, pret. of crow, but the regular preterit and participle, crowed, is now most commonly used."], "crib": ["CRIB, n.", "1. The manger of a stable, in which oxen and cows feed. In America, it is distinguished from a rack for horses.", "Where no oxen are, the crib is clean. Proverbs 14.", "The manger for other beasts.", "The ass knoweth his masters crib. Isaiah 1.", "2. A small habitation or cottage.", "3. A stall for oxen.", "4. A case or box in salt works.", "5. A small building, raised on posts, for storing Indian corn.", "CRIB, v.t. To shut or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage."], "cribbed": ["CRIBBED, pp. Shut up; confined; caged."], "cried": ["CRIED, pret. and part. of cry."], "crime": ["CRIME, n. L., Gr. , to separate, to judge, to decree, to condemn.", "1. An act which violates a law, divine or human; an act which violates a rule of moral duty; an offense against the laws of right, prescribed by God or man, or against any rule of duty plainly implied in those laws. A crime may consist in omission or neglect, as well as in commission, or positive transgression. The commander of a fortress who suffers the enemy to take possession by neglect, is as really criminal, as one who voluntarily opens the gates without resistance.", "But in a more common and restricted sense, a crime denotes an offense, or violation of public law, of a deeper and more atrocious nature; a public wrong; or a violation of the commands of God, and the offenses against the laws made to preserve the public rights; as treason, murder, robbery, theft, arson, &c. The minor wrongs committed against individuals or private rights, are denominated trespasses, and the minor wrongs against public rights are called misdemeanors. Crimes and misdemeanors are punishable by indictment, information or public prosecution; trespasses or private injuries, at the suit of the individuals injured. But in many cases an act is considered both as a public offense and a trespass, and is punishable both by the public and the individual injured.", "2. Any great wickedness; iniquity; wrong.", "No crime was thing, if tis no crime to love.", "Capital crime, a crime punishable with death."], "crimeful": ["CRIMEFUL, a. Criminal; wicked; partaking of wrong; contrary to law, right to duty."], "crimson": ["CRIMSON, n. G. A deep red color; a red tinged with blue; also, a red color in general; as the virgin crimson of modesty.", "He made the vail of blue, and purple, and crimson. 2 Chronicles 3.", "CRIMSON, a. Of a beautiful deep red; as the crimson blush of modesty; a crimson stream of blood.", "CRIMSON, v.t. To dye with crimson; to dye of a deep red color; to make red.", "CRIMSON, v.i. To become of a deep red color; to be tinged with red; to blush.", "Her cheeks crimsoned at the entrance of her lover."], "crimsoned": ["CRIMSONED, pp. Dyed or tinged with a deep red."], "crimsoning": ["CRIMSONING, ppr. Dyeing or tinging with a deep red."], "cripple": ["CRIPPLE, n. G. A lame person; primarily, one who creeps, halts or limps; one who has lost, or never enjoyed the use of his limbs. Acts 14.", "The word may signify one who is partially or totally disabled from using his limbs.", "See the blind beggar dance, the cripple sing.", "CRIPPLE, a. Lame.", "CRIPPLE, v.t.", "1. To lame; to deprive of the use of the limbs, particularly of the legs and feet.", "2. To disable; to deprive of the power of exertion. We say, a fleet was crippled in the engagement."], "crippled": ["CRIPPLED, pp. Lamed; rendered impotent in the limbs; disabled."], "crippleness": ["CRIPPLENESS, n. Lameness."], "crippling": ["CRIPPLING, ppr. Laming; depriving of the use of the limbs; disabling."], "crisp": ["CRISP, a. L. G. See the Verb.", "1. Curled; formed into curls or ringlets.", "2. Indented; winding; as crisp channels.", "3. Brittle; friable; easily broken or crumbled."], "crisped": ["CRISPED, pp. Curled; twisted; frizzled."], "crisping": ["CRISPING, ppr. Curling; frizzling."], "crispness": ["CRISPNESS, n. A state of being curled; also, brittleness."], "crook": ["CROOK, n. G., the back, or ridge of an animal. L., a wrinkle, a circle; rough, hoarse. The radical sense of crook is to strain or draw; hence, to bend.", "1. Any bend, turn or curve; or a bent or curving instrument. We speak of a crook in a stick of timber, or in a river; and any hook is a crook.", "2. A shepherd staff, curving at the end; a pastoral staff. When used by a bishop or abbot, it is called a crosier.", "He left his crook, he left his flocks.", "3. A gibbet.", "4. An artifice; a trick.", "CROOK, v.t.", "1. To bend; to turn from a straight line; to make a curve or hook.", "2. To turn from rectitude; to pervert.", "3. To thwart. Little used.", "CROOK, v.i. To bend or be bent; to be turned from a right line; to curve; to wind."], "crooked": ["CROOKED, pp. or a.", "1. Bent; curved; curving; winding.", "2. Winding in moral conduct; devious; froward; perverse; going out of the path of rectitude; given to obliquity or wandering from duty.", "They are a perverse and crooked generation. Deuteronomy 32."], "crooking": ["CROOKING, ppr. Bending; winding."], "crop": ["CROP, n. G., L. The crop of a fowl, and a crop of grain or hay are consistently the same word.", "1. The first stomach of a fowl; the craw.", "2. The top or highest part of a thing; the end. Not in use.", "3. That which is gathered; the corn, or fruits of the earth collected; harvest. The word includes every species of fruit or produce, gathered for man or beast.", "4. Corn and other cultivated plants while growing; a popular use of the word.", "5. Any thing cut off or gathered.", "6. Hair cut close or short.", "CROP, v.t.", "1. To cut off the ends of any thing; to eat off; to pull off; to pluck; to mow; to reap; as, to crop flowers, trees, or grass. Man crops trees or plants with an instrument, or with his fingers; a beast crops with his teeth.", "2. To cut off prematurely; to gather before it falls.", "While force our youth, like fruits, untimely crops.", "CROP, v.i. To yield harvest. Not in use."], "cropful": ["CROPFUL, a. Having a full crop or belly; satiated."], "cropped": ["CROPPED, CROPT, pp. Cut off; plucked; eaten off; reaped, or mowed."], "cropping": ["CROPPING, ppr. Cutting off; pulling off; eating off; reaping, or mowing.", "CROPPING, n.", "1. The act of cutting off.", "2. The raising of crops."], "cross": ["CROSS, n. G., L.", "1. A gibbet consisting of two pieces of timber placed across each other, either in form of a T or of an X. That on which our Savior suffered, is represented on coins and other monuments, to have been of the former kind.", "2. The ensign of the Christian religion; and hence figuratively, the religion itself.", "3. A monument with a cross upon it to excite devotion, such as were anciently set in market places.", "4. Any thing in the form of a cross or gibbet.", "5. A line drawn through another.", "6. Any thing that thwarts, obstructs, or perplexes; hindrance; vexation; misfortune; opposition; trial of patience.", "Heaven prepares good men with crosses.", "7. Money or coin stamped with the figure of a cross.", "8. The right side or face of a coin, stamped with a cross.", "9. The mark of a cross, instead of a signature, on a deed, formerly impressed by those who could not write.", "10. Church lands in Ireland.", "11. In theology, the suffering of Christ by crucifixion.", "That he might reconcile both to God in one body by the cross. Ephesians 2.", "12. The doctrine of Christs sufferings and of the atonement, or of salvation by Christ.", "The preaching of the cross is to them that perish, foolishness. 1 Corinthians 1. Galatians 5.", "To take up the cross, is to submit to troubles and afflictions from love to Christ.", "13. In mining, two nicks cut in the surface of the earth, thus +.", "Cross and pile, a play with money, at which it is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up, which bears the cross, or the other which is called pile or reverse.", "CROSS, a.", "1. Transverse; oblique; passing from side to side; falling athwart; as a cross beam.", "The cross refraction of a second prism.", "2. Adverse; opposite; obstructing; sometimes with to; as an event cross to our inclinations.", "3. Perverse; untractable; as the cross circumstances of a mans temper.", "4. Peevish; fretful; ill-humored; applied to persons or things; as a cross woman or husband; a cross answer.", "5. Contrary; contradictory; perplexing.", "Contradictions that seem to lie cross and uncouth.", "6. Adverse; unfortunate.", "Behold the cross and unlucky issue of my design.", "7. Interchanged; as a cross marriage, when a brother and sister intermarry with two persons who have the same relation to each other.", "8. Noting what belongs to an adverse party; as a cross interrogatory.", "CROSS, prep. Athwart; transversely; over; from side to side; so as to intersect.", "This is admissible in poetry, as an abbreviation of across.", "CROSS, v.t.", "1. To draw or run a line, or lay a body across another; as, to cross a word in writing; to cross the arms.", "2. To erase; to cancel; as, to cross an account.", "3. To make the sign of the cross, as catholics in devotion.", "4. To pass from side to side; to pass or move over; as, to cross a road; to cross a river, or the ocean. I crossed the English channel, from Dieppe to Brighton, in a steam-boat, Sept. 18, 1824.", "5. To thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to embarrass; as, to cross a purpose or design.", "6. To counteract; to clash or interfere with; to be inconsistent with; as, natural appetites may cross our principles.", "7. To counteract or contravene; to hinder by authority; to stop. See No. 5.", "8. To contradict.", "9. To debar or preclude.", "To cross the breed of an animal, is to produce young from different varieties of the species.", "CROSS, v.i.", "1. To lie or be athwart.", "2. To move or pass laterally, or from one side towards the other, or from place to place, either at right angles or obliquely; as, to cross from Nantucket to New Bedford.", "3. To be inconsistent; as, mens actions d not always cross with reason."], "crossed": ["CROSSED, pp. Having a line drawn over; canceled; erased; passed over; thwarted; opposed; obstructed; counteracted."], "crossing": ["CROSSING, ppr. Drawing; running or passing a line over; erasing; canceling; thwarting; opposing; counteracting; passing over.", "CROSSING, n. A thwarting; impediment; vexation."], "crossness": ["CROSSNESS, n. Peevishness; fretfulness; ill humor; perverseness."], "crouch": ["CROUCH, v.i. G., to creep, to stoop, to cringe.", "1. To bend down; to stoop low; to lie close to the ground; as an animal. A dog crouches to his master; a lion crouches in the thicket.", "2. To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to cringe.", "Every one that is left in thine house shall come and crouch to him for a piece of bread. 1 Samuel 2.", "CROUCH, v.t. See Cross. To sign with the cross; to bless. Not in use."], "crouching": ["CROUCHING, ppr. Bending; stooping; cringing."], "crow": ["CROW, n. G., L.", "1. A large black fowl, of the genus Corvus; the beak is convex and cultrated, the nostrils are covered with bristly feathers, the tongue is forked and cartilaginous. This is a voracious fowl, feeding on carrion and grain, particularly maiz, which it pulls up, just after it appears above ground.", "To pluck or pull a crow, is to be industrious or contentious about a trifle, or thing of no value.", "2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook or two claws, used in raising and moving heavy weights.", "3. The voice of the cock. See the Verb.", "CROW, v.i. pret. and pp. crowed; formerly, pret. crew. Gr. See the Noun.", "1. To cry or make a noise as a cock, in joy, gaiety or defiance.", "2. To boast in triumph; to vaunt; to vapor; to swagger. A popular, but not an elegant use of the word."], "crowing": ["CROWING, ppr. Uttering a particular voice, as a cock; boasting in triumph; vaunting; bragging."], "crown": ["CROWN, n. G., L.", "1. An ornament worn on the head by kings and sovereign princes, as a badge of imperial or regal power and dignity. Figuratively, regal power; royalty; kingly government, or executive authority.", "2. A wreath or garland.", "3. Honorary distinction; reward.", "They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; we, an incorruptible. 1 Corinthians 9.", "4. Honor; splendor; dignity.", "The crown has fallen from our heads. Lamentations 5. Philippians 4.", "A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. Proverbs 12.", "5. The top of the head; the top of a mountain or other elevated object. The end of an anchor, or the point from which the arms proceed.", "6. The part of a hat which covers the top of the head.", "7. A coin anciently stamped with the figure of a crown. The English crown is five shillings sterling. The French crown is a hundred and nine cents. Other coins bear the same name.", "8. Completion; accomplishment.", "9. Clerical tonsure in a circular form; a little circle shaved on the top of the head, as a mark of ecclesiastical office or distinction.", "10. Among jewelers, the upper work of a rose diamond.", "11. In botany, an appendage to the top of a seed, which serves to bear it in the wind.", "CROWN, v.t.", "1. To invest with a crown or regal ornament. Hence, to invest with regal dignity and power.", "2. To cover, as with a crown; to cover the top.", "And peaceful olives crowned his hoary head.", "3. To honor; to dignify; to adorn.", "Thou hast crowned him with glory and honor. Psalm 8.", "4. To reward; to bestow an honorary reward or distinction on; as the victor crowned with laurel.", "5. To reward; to recompense.", "Shell crown a grateful and a constant flame.", "6. To terminate or finish; to complete; to perfect.", "7. To terminate and reward; as, our efforts were crowned with success."], "crowned": ["CROWNED, pp. Invested with a crown, or with regal power and dignity; honored; dignified; rewarded with a crown, wreath, garland or distinction; recompensed; terminated; completed; perfected."], "crowning": ["CROWNING, ppr. Investing with a crown, or with royalty or supreme power; honoring with a wreath or with distinction; adorning; rewarding; finishing; perfecting.", "CROWNING, n.", "1. In architecture, the finishing of a member or any ornamental work.", "2. In marine language, the finishing part of a knot, or interweaving of the strands."], "crucifier": ["CRUCIFIER, n. See Crucify. A person who crucifies; one who puts another to death on a cross."], "crucify": ["CRUCIFY, v.t. L., cross, to fix.", "1. To nail to a cross; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross or gibbet, sometimes anciently, by fastening a criminal to a tree, with cords.", "But they cried, crucify him, crucify him. Luke 23.", "2. In scriptural language, to subdue; to mortify; to destroy the power or ruling influence of.", "They that are Christs have crucified the flesh, with the affections and lusts. Galatians 5.", "3. To reject and despise.", "They crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh. Hebrews 6.", "To be crucified with Christ, is to become dead to the law and to sin, and to have indwelling corruption subdued. Galatians 2 and 6.", "4. To vex or torment. Not used."], "crucifying": ["CRUCIFYING, ppr. Putting to death on a cross or gibbet; subduing; destroying the life and power of."], "cruel": ["CRUEL, a. L. See Crude and Rude.", "1. Disposed to give pain to others, in body or mind; willing or pleased to torment, vex or afflict; inhuman; destitute of pity, compassion or kindness; fierce; ferocious; savage; barbarous; hardhearted; applied to persons or their dispositions.", "They are cruel, and have no mercy. Jeremiah 6.", "2. Inhuman; barbarous; savage; causing pain, grief or distress; exerted in tormenting, vexing or afflicting.", "Cursed be their wrath, for it was cruel. Genesis 44.", "The tender mercies of the wicked are cruel. Proverbs 12.", "Others had trials of cruel mockings. Hebrews 11."], "cruelness": ["CRUELNESS, n. Inhumanity; cruelty."], "cruelly": ["CRUELLY, adv.", "1. In a cruel manner; with cruelty; inhumanly; barbarously.", "Because he cruelly oppressed, he shall die in his iniquity. Ezekiel 18.", "2. Painfully; with severe pain, or torture; as, an instrument may cut the flesh most cruelly."], "cruelty": ["CRUELTY, n. L.", "1. Inhumanity; a savage or barbarous disposition or temper, which is gratified in giving unnecessary pain or distress to others; barbarity; applied to persons; as the cruelty of savages; the cruelty and envy of the people.", "2. Barbarous deed; any act of a human being which inflicts unnecessary pain; any act intended to torment, vex or afflict, or which actually torments or afflicts, without necessity; wrong; injustice; oppression.", "With force and with cruelty have ye ruled them. Ezekiel 34."], "cruse": ["CRUSE, n. See crucible. A small cup.", "Take with thee a cruse of honey. 1 Kings 14.", "In New England, it is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vinegar, called a vinegar-cruse."], "crush": ["CRUSH, v.t.", "1. To press and bruise between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to force a thing out of its natural shape; to bruise by pressure.", "The ass--crushed Balaams foot against the wall. Numbers 22.", "To crush grapes or apples, is to squeeze them till bruised and broken, so that the juice escapes. Hence, to crush out, is to force out by pressure.", "2. To press with violence; to force together into a mass.", "3. To overwhelm by pressure; to beat or force down, by an incumbent weight, with breaking or bruising; as, the man was crushed by the fall of a tree.", "To crush the pillars which the pile sustain.", "Who are crushed before the moth. Job 4.", "4. To overwhelm by power; to subdue; to conquer beyond resistance; as, to crush ones enemies; to crush a rebellion.", "5. To oppress grievously.", "Thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed always. Deuteronomy 28.", "6. To bruise and break into fine particles by beating or grinding; to comminute.", "CRUSH, v.i. To be pressed into a smaller compass by external weight or force.", "CRUSH, n. A violent collision, or rushing together, which breaks or bruises the bodies; or a fall that breaks or bruises into a confused mass; as the crush of a large tree, or of a building.", "The wrecks of matter, and the crush of worlds."], "crushed": ["CRUSHED, pp. Pressed or squeezed so as to break or bruise; overwhelmed or subdued by power; broken or bruised by a fall; grievously oppressed; broken or bruised to powder; comminuted."], "crushing": ["CRUSHING, ppr. Pressing or squeezing into a mass, or until broken or bruised; overwhelming; subduing by force; oppressing; comminuting."], "cry": ["CRY, v.i. pret. and pp. cried. It ought to be cryed.", "1. To utter a loud voice; to speak, call or exclaim with vehemence; in a very general sense.", "2. To call importunately; to utter a loud voice, by way of earnest request of prayer.", "The people cried to Pharaoh for bread. Genesis 41.", "The people cried to Moses, and he prayed. Numbers 11.", "3. To utter a loud voice in weeping; to utter the voice of sorrow; to lament.", "But ye shall cry for sorrow of heart. Isaiah 65.", "Esau cried with a great and bitter cry. Genesis 27.", "Also, to weep or shed tears in silence; a popular use of the word.", "4. To utter a loud sound in distress; as, Heshbon shall cry. Isaiah 15.", "He giveth food to the young raves which cry. Psalm 147.", "5. To exclaim; to utter a loud voice; with out.", "And, lo, a spirit taketh him, and he suddenly crieth out. Luke 9.", "6. To proclaim; to utter a loud voice, in giving public notice.", "Go, and cry in the ears of Jerusalem. Jeremiah 2.", "The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness. Isaiah 40.", "7. To bawl; to squall; as a child.", "8. To yelp, as a dog. It may be used for the uttering of a loud voice by other animals.", "To cry against, to exclaim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof, threatening or censure.", "Arise, go to Nineveh, and cry against it. Jonah 1.", "To cry out, to exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor. 2. To complain loudly.", "To cry out against, to complain loudly, with a view to censure; to blame; to utter censure.", "To cry to, to call on in prayer; to implore.", "CRY, v.t.", "1. To proclaim; to name loudly and publicly for giving notice; as, to cry goods; to cry a lost a child.", "To cry down,", "1. To decry; to depreciate by words or in writing; to dispraise; to condemn.", "Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because they would not be under the restraints of it.", "2. To overbear. Cry down this fellows insolence.", "To cry up,", "1. To praise; to applaud; to extol; as, to cry up a mans talents or patriotism, or a womans beauty; to cry up the administration.", "2. To raise the price by proclamation; as, to cry up certain coins. Not in use.", "To cry off, in the vulgar dialect, is to publish intentions of marriage.", "CRY, n. plu. cries.", "1. In a general sense, a loud sound uttered by the mouth of an animal; applicable to the voice of man or beast, and articulate or inarticulate.", "2. A loud or vehement sound, uttered in weeping, or lamentation; it may be a shriek or scream.", "And there shall be a great cry in all the land of Egypt. Exodus 11.", "3. Clamor; outcry; as, war, war, is the public cry.", "And there arose a great cry. Acts 23.", "4. Exclamations of triumph, or wonder, or of other passion.", "5. Proclamation; public notice.", "At midnight there was a cry made. Matthew 25.", "6. The notices of hawkers of wares to be sold int he street are called cries; as the cries of London.", "7. Acclamation; expression of popular favor.", "The cry went once for thee.", "8. A loud voice in distress, prayer or request; importunate call.", "He forgetteth no the cry of the humble. Psalm 9.", "There was a great cry in Egypt. Exodus 12.", "9. Public reports or complaints; noise; fame.", "Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great--I will go down, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it. Genesis 18.", "10. Bitter complaints of oppression and injustice.", "He looked for righteousness, and behold a cry. Isaiah 5.", "11. The sound or voice of irrational animals; expression of joy, fright, alarm, or want; as the cries of fowls, the yell or yelping of dogs, &c.", "1. A pack of dogs."], "crying": ["CRYING, ppr. Uttering a loud voice; proclaiming; &c.", "CRYING, a. Notorious; common; great; as a crying sin or abuse.", "CRYING, n. Importunate call; clamor; outcry."], "crystal": ["CRYSTAL, n. L. Gr., frost.", "1. In chemistry and mineralogy, an inorganic body, which, by the operation of affinity, has assumed the form of a regular solid, terminated by a certain number of plane and smooth surfaces.", "2. A factitious body, cast in glass houses, called crystal glass; a species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture, than common glass. The best kind is the Venice crystal. It is called also factitious crystal or paste.", "3. A substance of any kind having the form of a crystal.", "4. The glass of a watch-case.", "Rock crystal, or mountain crystal, a general name for all the transparent crystals of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.", "Iceland crystal, a variety of calcarious spar, or crystalized carbonate of lime, brought from Iceland. It occurs in laminated masses, easily divisible into rhombs, and is remarkable for its double refraction.", "CRYSTAL, a. Consisting of crystal, or like crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid.", "By crystal streams that murmur thorough the meads."], "crystalization": ["CRYSTALIZATION, n. from crystalize.", "1. The act or process by which the parts of a solid body, separated by the intervention of a fluid or by fusion, again coalesce or unite, and form a solid body. If the process is slow and undisturbed, the particles assume a regular arrangement, each substance taking a determinate and regular form, according to its natural laws; but if the process is rapid or disturbed, the substance takes an irregular form. This process is the effect of refrigeration or evaporation.", "2. The mass or body formed by the process of crystalizing."], "crystalize": ["CRYSTALIZE, v.t. To cause to form crystals.", "Common salt is crystalized by the evaporation of sea water."], "crystalized": ["CRYSTALIZED, pp. Formed into crystals."], "crystalizing": ["CRYSTALIZING, ppr. Causing to crystalize; forming or uniting in crystals."], "cubit": ["CUBIT, n. L., the elbow; signifying a turn or corner; Gr.", "1. In anatomy, the fore arm; the ulna, and bone of the arm from the elbow to the wrist.", "2. In mensuration, the length of a mans arm from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger. The cubit among the ancients was of a different length among different nations. Dr. Arbuthnot states the Roman cubit at seventeen inches and four tenths; the cubit of the scriptures at a little less than 22 inches; and the English cubit at 18 inches."], "cubital": ["CUBITAL, a.", "1. Of the length or measure of a cubit.", "2. Pertaining to the cubit or ulna; as the cubital nerve; cubital artery; cubital muscle."], "cubited": ["CUBITED, a. Having the measure of a cubit."], "cucumber": ["CUCUMBER, n. L. The name of a plant and its fruit, of the genus Cucumis. The flower is yellow and bell-shaped; and the stalks are long, slender and trailing on the ground, or climbing by their claspers."], "cud": ["CUD, n. See Chew and Jaw.", "1. The food which ruminating animals chew at leisure, when not grazing or eating; or that portion of it which is brought from the first stomach and chewed at once.", "2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and chewed.", "3. The inside of the mouth or throat of a beast that chews the cud."], "cumber": ["CUMBER, v.t. G., to arrest, to concern, to trouble, to grieve.", "1. To load; to crowd.", "A variety of frivolous arguments cumbers the memory to no purpose.", "2. To check, stop or retard, as by a load or weight; to make motion difficult; to obstruct.", "Why asks he what avails him not in fight, and would but cumber and retard his flight.", "3. To perplex or embarrass; to distract or trouble.", "Martha was cumbered about much serving. Luke 10.", "4. To trouble; to be troublesome to; to cause trouble or obstruction in, as any thing useless. Thus, brambles cumber a garden or field. See Encumber, which is more generally used.", "CUMBER, n. Hindrance; obstruction; burdensomeness; embarrassment; disturbance; distress.", "Thus fade thy helps, and thus thy cumbers spring. This word is now scarcely used."], "cumbrance": ["CUMBRANCE, n. That which obstructs, retards, or renders motion or action difficult and toilsome; burden; encumbrance; hindrance; oppressive load; embarrassment."], "cun": ["CUN, v.t.", "1. To know. Not used. See Con.", "2. To direct the course of a ship. See Cond, the true orthography."], "cunning": ["CUNNING, a. G. See Can.", "1. Knowing; skillful; experienced; well-instructed. It is applied to all kinds of knowledge, but generally and appropriately, to the skill and dexterity of artificers, or the knowledge acquired by experience.", "Esau was a cunning hunter. Genesis 23.", "I will take away the cunning artificer. Isaiah 3.", "A cunning workman. Exodus 38.", "2. Wrought with skill; curious; ingenious.", "With cherubs of cunning work shalt thou make them. Exodus 26.", "The foregoing senses occur frequently in our version of the scriptures, but are nearly or quite obsolete.", "3. Artful; shrewd; sly; crafty; astute; designing; as a cunning fellow.", "They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the hazard of being sincere.", "In this sense, the purpose or final end of the person may not be illaudalbe; but cunning implies the use of artifice to accomplish the purpose, rather than open, candid, or direct means. Hence,", "4. Deceitful; trickish; employing stratagems for a bad purpose.", "5. Assumed with subtilty; artful.", "Accounting his integrity to be but a cunning face of falsehood.", "CUNNING, n.", "1. Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity.", "Let my right hand forget her cunning. Psalm 137.", "2. Art; artifice; artfulness; craft; shrewdness; the faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose. Hence in a bad sense, deceitfulness or deceit; fraudulent skill or dexterity.", "Discourage cunning in a child; cunning is the ape of wisdom."], "cunningly": ["CUNNINGLY, adv. Artfully; craftily; with subtilty; with fraudulent contrivance.", "We have not followed cunningly devised fables. 2 Peter 1."], "cup": ["CUP, n. L., a little cup.", "1. A small vessel of capacity, used commonly to drink out of. It is usually made of metal; as a silver cup; a tin cup. But the name is also given to vessels of like shape used for other purposes. It is usually more deep than wide; but tea-cups and coffee-cups are often exceptions.", "2. The contents of a cup; the liquor contained in a cup, or that it may contain; as a cup of beer. See 1 Corinthians 11.", "3. In a scriptural sense, sufferings and afflictions; that which is to be received or endured.", "O my father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me. Matthew 26.", "4. Good received; blessings and favors.", "My cup runneth over. Psalm 23.", "Take the cup of salvation, that is, receive the blessings of deliverance and redemption with joy and thanksgiving.", "5. Any thing hollow like a cup; as the cup of an acorn. The bell of a flower, and a calyx is called a flower-cup.", "6. A glass cup or vessel used for drawing blood in scarification.", "Cup and can, familiar companions; the can being the large vessel out of which the cup is filled, and thus the two being constantly associated.", "Cups, in the plural, social entertainment in drinking; merry bout.", "Thence from cups to civil broils.", "CUP, v.i.", "1. In surgery, to apply a cupping-glass to procure a discharge of blood from a scarified part of the body.", "2. To supply with cups."], "cupping": ["CUPPING, ppr. Applying a cupping-glass, with scarification; a drawing blood with a cupping-glass."], "cupbearer": ["CUPBEARER, n. An attendant of a prince or at a feast, who conveys wine or other liquors to the guests; an officer of the kings household. Nehemiah 1."], "curdle": ["CURDLE, v.i. sometimes written crudle. See Curd.", "1. To coagulate or concrete; to thicken, or change into curd. Milk curdles by a mixture of runnet.", "2. To thicken; to congeal; as, the blood curdles in the veins.", "CURDLE, v.t.", "1. To change into curd; to cause to thicken, coagulate, or concrete. Runnet or brandy curdles milk.", "At Florence they curdle their milk with artichoke flowers.", "2. To congeal or thicken. The recital curdled my blood."], "curdled": ["CURDLED, pp. Coagulated; congealed."], "curdling": ["CURDLING, ppr. Concreting; coagulating."], "cure": ["CURE, n. L., to cure, to take care, to prepare.", "1. A healing; the act of healing; restoration to health from disease, and to soundness from a wound. We say, a medicine will effect a cure.", "2. Remedy for disease; restorative; that which heals.", "Colds, hunger, prisons, ills without a cure.", "3. The employment of a curate; the care of souls; spiritual charge.", "CURE, v.t. L. See the Noun.", "1. To heal, as a person diseased or a wounded limb; to restore to health, as the body, or to soundness, as a limb.", "The child was cured from that very hour. Matthew 17.", "2. To subdue, remove, destroy or put an end to; to heal, as a disease.", "Christ gave his disciples power to cure diseases. Luke 9.", "When the person and the disease are both mentioned, cure is followed by of before the disease. The physician cured the man of his fever.", "3. To remedy; to remove an evil, and restore to a good state.", "Patience will alleviate calamities, which cannot cure.", "4. To dry; to prepare for preservation; as, to cure hay; or to prepare by salt, or in any manner, so as to prevent speedy putrefaction; as, to cure fish or beef."], "cured": ["CURED, pp. Healed; restored to health or soundness; removed, as a disease; remedied; dried, smoked, or otherwise prepared for preservation."], "curing": ["CURING, ppr. Healing; restoring to health or soundness; removing, as an evil; preparing for preservation."], "curious": ["CURIOUS, a. L., care. See Cure.", "1. Strongly desirous to see what is novel, or to discover what is unknown; solicitous to see or to know; inquisitive.", "Be not curious in unnecessary matters, nor to pry into the concerns of your neighbors.", "2. Habitually inquisitive; addicted to research or enquiry; as a man of a curious turn of mind; sometimes followed by after, and sometimes by of.", "Curious after things elegant and beautiful; curious of antiquities.", "3. Accurate; careful not to mistake; solicitous to be correct.", "Men were not curious what syllables or particles they used.", "4. Careful; nice; solicitous in selection; difficult to please.", "A temperate man is not curious of delicacies.", "5. Nice; exact; subtile; made with care.", "Both these senses embrace their objects--with a more curious discrimination.", "6. Artful; nicely diligent.", "Each ornament about her seemly lies, by curious chance, or careless art, composed.", "7. Wrought with care and art; elegant; neat; finished; as a curious girdle; curious work Exodus 28 and 30.", "8. Requiring care and nicety; as curious arts. Acts 19.", "9. Rigid; severe; particular. Little used.", "10. Rare; singular; a a curious fact."], "curiously": ["CURIOUSLY, adv.", "1. With nice inspection; inquisitively; attentively.", "I saw nothing at first, but observing it more curiously, the spots appeared.", "2. With nice care and art; exactly; neatly; elegantly. Psalm 139.", "3. In a singular manner; unusually."], "curiousness": ["CURIOUSNESS, n.", "1. Fitness to excite curiosity; exactness of workmanship.", "2. Singularity of contrivance.", "3. Curiosity."], "current": ["CURRENT, a. L., to flow or run.", "1. Literally, flowing, running, passing. Hence, passing from person to person, or from hand to hand; circulating; as current opinions; current coin. Hence, common, general or fashionable; generally received; popular; as the current notions of the day or age; current folly.", "2. Established by common estimation; generally received; as the current value of coin.", "3. Passable; that may be allowed or admitted.", "4. Now passing; present in its course; as the current month or year.", "CURRENT, n.", "1. A flowing or passing; a stream; applied to fluids; as a current of water, or of air. The gulf stream is a remarkable current in the Atlantic. A current sets into the Mediterranean.", "2. Course; progressive motion, or movement; continuation; as the current of time.", "3. A connected series; successive course; as the current of events.", "4. General or main course; as the current of opinion."], "currently": ["CURRENTLY, a. In constant motion; with continued progression. Hence, commonly; generally; popularly; with general reception; as, the story is currently reported and believed."], "currentness": ["CURRENTNESS, n.", "1. Currency; circulation; general reception.", "2. Fluency; easiness of pronunciation. Not much used."], "curse": ["CURSE, v.t. pret. and pp. cursed or curst.", "1. To utter a wish of evil against one; to imprecate evil upon; to call for mischief or injury to fall upon; to execrate.", "Thou shalt not curse the ruler of thy people. Exodus 22.", "Bless and curse not. Romans 12.", "Curse me this people, for they are too mighty for me. Numbers 22.", "2. To injure; to subject to evil; to vex, harass or torment with great calamities.", "On impious realms and barbarous kings impose thy plagues, and curse em with such sons as those.", "3. To devote to evil.", "CURSE, v.i. To utter imprecations; to affirm or deny with imprecations of divine vengeance.", "Then began he to curse and to swear. Matthew 26.", "CURSE, n.", "1. Malediction; the expression of a wish of evil to another.", "Shimei--who cured me with a grievous curse. 1 Kings 2.", "2. Imprecation of evil.", "They entered into a curse, and into an oath. Nehemiah 10.", "3. Affliction; torment; great vexation.", "I will make this city a curse to all nations. Jeremiah 26.", "4. Condemnation; sentence of divine vengeance on sinners.", "Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law. Galatians 3.", "5. Denunciation of evil.", "The priest shall write all these curses in a book. Numbers 5."], "cursed": ["CURSED, pp.", "1. Execrated; afflicted; vexed; tormented; blasted by a curse.", "2. Devoted to destruction.", "Thou art cursed from the earth. Genesis 4.", "3. a. Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.", "4. a. Vexatious; as a cursed quarrel; cursed thorns."], "cursing": ["CURSING, ppr. Execrating; imprecating evil on; denouncing evil; dooming to evil, misery, or vexation.", "CURSING, n. Execration; the uttering of a curse; a dooming to vexation or misery."], "curtain": ["CURTAIN, n. Low L., in fortification. This word may be from the root of court, and from the sense of separating.", "1. A cloth hanging round a bed, or at a window, which may be contracted, spread or drawn aside at pleasure; intended for ornament, or for use. Also, the hangings about the ark, among the Israelites.", "2. A cloth-hanging used in theaters, to conceal the stage from the spectators. This is raised or let down by cords. Hence the phrases, to drop the curtain, to close the scene, to end; to raise the curtain or the curtain will rise, to denote the opening of the play. And to draw the curtain, is to close it, to shut out the light or to conceal an object; or to open it and disclose the object. Behind the curtain, in concealment, in secret.", "3. In fortification, that part of the rampart which is between the flanks of two bastions, bordered with a parapet five feet high, behind which the soldiers stand to fire on the covered way and into the moat.", "4. In scripture, tents; dwellings. Habakkuk 3:7.", "CURTAIN, v.t. To inclose with curtains; to furnish with curtains."], "custodial": ["CUSTODIAL, a. from custody. Relating to custody or guardianship."], "custody": ["CUSTODY, n. L., a watchman, a keeper. See Chaste.", "1. A keeping; a guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation or security.", "Under the custody and charge of the sons of Merari shall be the boards of the tabernacle. Numbers 3.", "The prisoner was committed to the custody of the sheriff.", "2. Imprisonment; confinement; restraint of liberty.", "3. Defense from a foe; preservation; security.", "There was prepared a fleet of thirty ships fro the custody of the narrow seas."], "custom": ["CUSTOM, n. L.", "1. Frequent or common use, or practice; a frequent repetition o the same act; hence, way; established manner; habitual practice.", "The prists custom with the people was--- 1 Samuel 2.", "We have no such custom. 1 Corinthians 11.", "The customs of the people are vain. Jeremiah 10.", "2. A buying of goods; practice of frequenting a shop and purchasing or procuring to be done.", "Let him have your custom, but not your votes.", "The shopkeeper has extensive custom, or a good run of custom. A mill or a manufacturer has extensive custom, or little custom.", "3. In law, long established practice, or usage, which constitutes the unwritten law, and long consent to which gives it authority. Customs are general, which extend over a state or kingdom, and particular, which are limited to a city or district.", "CUSTOM, v.t", "1. To make familiar. See Accustom, which is the word used.", "2. To give custom to.", "CUSTOM, n. Tribute, toll or tax; that is, cost or charge paid to the public.", "Render custom to whom custom is due. Romans 13.", "Customs, in the plural, the duties imposed by law on merchandize imported or exported. IN Great Britain and the United States, this word is limited to these species of duties."], "customable": ["CUSTOMABLE, a.", "1. Common; habitual; frequent.", "2. Subject to the payment of the duties called customs."], "customableness": ["CUSTOMABLENESS, n. Frequency; conformity to custom. Little used."], "customably": ["CUSTOMABLY, adv. According to custom; in a customary manner."], "customed": ["CUSTOMED, a.", "1. Usual; common; to which we are accustomed. See Accustomed.", "2. Furnished with customers."], "customer": ["CUSTOMER, n.", "1. One who frequents any place of sale for the sake of purchasing goods; one who purchases goods or wares.", "2. One who frequents or visits any place for procuring what he wants. We say, a mill has many customers. Hence a person who receives supplies is called a customer; the smith, the shoemaker and the tailor have their customers; and the coffee-house has its customers.", "3. A toll-gatherer."], "cut": ["CUT, v.t. pret. and prep. cut. L., to thrust, to drive, to strike.", "1. To separate the parts of any body by an edged instrument, either by striking, as with an ax, or by sawing or rubbing; to make a gash, incision or notch, which separates the external part of a body, as to cut the flesh. It signifies also, to cut into pieces; to sever or divide; as, to cut timber in the forest. But when an entire separation of the body is intended, it is usually followed by off, down, asunder, in two, in pieces, or other word denoting such severance.", "Ye shall not cut yourselves, that is, ye shall not gash your flesh. Deuteronomy 14.", "2. To hew.", "Thy servants can skill to cut timber. 2 Chronicles 2.", "3. To carve, as meat; to carve or engrave in sculpture.", "4. To divide; to cleave, by passing through; as, a ship cuts the briny deep.", "5. To penetrate; to pierce; to affect deeply; as, a sarcasm cuts to the quick.", "6. To divide, as a pack of cards; as, to cut and shuffle.", "7. To intersect; to cross. One line cuts another at right angles. The ecliptic cuts the equator.", "8. To castrate.", "To cut across, to pass by a shorter course, so as to cut off an angle or distance.", "To cut asunder, to cut into pieces; to divide; to sever.", "He hath cut asunder the cords of the wicked. Psalm 129.", "To cut down, to fell; to cause to fall by severing.", "Ye shall cut down their groves. Exodus 34.", "Hence, to depress; to abash; to humble; to shame; to silence; as, his eloquence cuts down the finest orator.", "This phrase is not elegant, but is in popular use.", "To cut off,", "1. To separate one part from another; as, to cut off a finger, or an arm; to cut off the right hand figure; to cut off a letter or syllable.", "2. To destroy; to extirpate; to put to death untimely.", "Jezebel cut off the prophets of the Lord. 1 Kings 18.", "Evil doers shall be cut off. Psalm 37.", "3. To separate; to remove to a distance, or to prevent all intercourse. A man in another country or in prison is cut off from his country or his friends.", "4. To interrupt; as, to cut off communication.", "5. To separate; to remove; to take away; as, to cut off ten years of life.", "6. To intercept; to hinder from return, or union. The troops were cut off from the ships.", "7. To end; to finish; as, to cut off all controversy.", "8. To prevent or preclude; as, to cut off all occasion of blame.", "9. To preclude or shut out. The sinner cuts himself off from the benefits of Christianity.", "10. To stop, interrupt or silence.", "The judge cut off the counsel very short.", "To cut on,", "1. To hasten; to run or ride with the utmost speed; a vulgar phrase.", "2.To urge or drive in striking; to quicken blows; to hasten.", "To cut out,", "1. To remove a part by cutting or carving; as, to cut out a piece from a board; to cut out the tongue. Hence,", "2. To shape or form by cutting; as, to cut out a garment; to cut out an image; to cut out a wood into walks. Hence,", "3. To scheme; to contrive; to prepare; as, to cut out word for another day. So we say, to strike out.", "4. To shape; to adapt. He is no cut out for an author. Not elegant.", "5. To debar. Not common.", "6. To take the preference or precedence of; as, to cut out a prior judgment creditor.", "7. To step in and take the place of, as in courting and dancing. A vulgar phrase.", "8. To interfere as a horse, when the shoe of one foot beats off the skin of the pastern joint of another.", "To cut short,", "1. To hinder from proceeding by sudden interruption.", "Achilles cut him short.", "2. To shorten; to abridge; as, to cut short of provisions or pay; to cut the matter short.", "To cut up,", "1. To cut in pieces; as, to cut up beef.", "2. To eradicate; to cut off; as, to cut up shrubs.", "CUT, v.i.", "1. To pass into or through and sever; to enter and divide the parts; as, an instrument cuts well.", "2. To be severed by a cutting instrument; as, this fruit cuts easy or smooth.", "3. To divide by passing.", "The teeth are ready to cut.", "4. To perform a surgical operation by cutting, especially in lithotomy.", "He saved lives by cutting for the stone.", "5. To interfere, as a horse.", "To cut in, to divide, or turn a card, for determining who are to play.", "CUT, pp. Gashed; divided; hewn; carved; intersected; pierced; deeply affected; castrated.", "Cut and dry, prepared for use; a metaphor from hewn timber.", "CUT, n.", "1. The action of an edged instrument; a stroke or blow, as with an ax or sword.", "2. A cleft; a gash; a notch; a wound; the opening made by an edged instrument, distinguished by its length from that made by perforation with a pointed instrument.", "3. A stroke or blow with a whip.", "4. A channel made by cutting or digging; a ditch; a groove; a furrow; a canal.", "5. A part cut off from the rest; as a good cut of beef; a cut of timber. Also, any small piece or shred.", "6. A lot made by cutting a stick; as, to draw cuts.", "7. A near passage, by which an angle is cut off; a shorter cut.", "8. A picture cut or cared on wood or metal, and impressed from it.", "9. The stamp on which a picture is carved, and by which it is impressed.", "10. The act of dividing a pack of cards. Also, the right to divide; as, whose cut is it?", "11. Manner in which a thing is cut; form; shape; fashion; as the cut of a garment; the cut of his beard.", "12. A fool; a cully; a gelding. Not in use.", "Cut and long tail, men of all kinds; a proverbial expression borrowed from dogs."], "cutting": ["CUTTING, ppr. See Cut.", "1. Dividing by an edged instrument; cleaving by the stroke or motion of an edged instrument, as by a knife, ax, or saw; hewing; carving; intersecting; piercing.", "2. a. Piercing the heart; wounding the feelings; deeply affecting with shame or remorse; pungent; piquant; satirical; as a cutting reflection.", "CUTTING, n.", "1. A separation or division; a piece cut off; a ship; as the cuttings of vines.", "2. The operation of removing a stone from the bladder."], "cuth": ["CUTH, in Saxon, signifies known, or famous. Hence, Cuthwin, a famous conqueror; Cuthred, a famous or knowing counselor; Cuthbert, known bright, or famous for skill."], "cymbal": ["CYMBAL, n. L., Gr.", "1. A musical instrument used by the ancients, hollow and made of brass, somewhat like a kettle-drum; but the precise form is not ascertained.", "2. A mean instrument used by gypsies and vagrants, made of a steel wire, in a triangular form, on which are passed fie rings, which are touched and shifter along the triangle with an iron rod held in the left hand, while it is supported in the right by a ring, to give it free motion."], "cypress": ["CYPRESS, n. L., Gr.", "1. A genus of plants or trees. The most remarkable are the sempervirens or common cypress, the evergreen American cypress or white cedar, and the disticha or deciduous American cypress. The wood of these trees is remarkable for its durability. The coffins in which the Athenian heroes and the mummies of Egypt were deposited, are said to have been made of the first species.", "2 The emblem of mourning for the dead, cypress branches having been anciently used at funerals.", "Had success attended the Americans, the death of Warren would have been sufficient to damp the joys of victory, and the cypress would have been united with the laurel."], "cyprus": ["CYPRUS, n. A thin transparent black stuff."], "dagger": ["DAG'GER, n.", "1. A short sword; a poniard.", "2. In fencing schools, a blunt blade of iron with a basket hilt, used for defense.", "3. With printers, and obelisk, or obelus, a mark of reference in the form of a dagger."], "daily": ["DA'ILY, a. Happening or being every day; done day by day; bestowed or enjoyed every day; as daily labor; a daily allowance.", "Give us this day our daily bread. Lord's Prayer", "DA'ILY, adv. Every day; day by day; as, a thing happen daily."], "daintiness": ["DA'INTINESS, n.", "1. Delicacy; softness; elegance; nicety; as the daintiness of the limbs.", "2. Delicacy; deliciousness; applied to food; as the daintiness of provisions.", "3. Nicety in taste; squeamishness; fastidiousness; as the daintiness of the taste.", "4. Ceremoniousness; scrupulousness; nice attention to manners."], "dainty": ["DA'INTY, a.", "1. Nice; pleasing to the palate; of exquisite taste; delicious; as dainty food.", "2. Delicate; of acute sensibility; nice in selecting what is tender and good; squeamish; soft; luxurious; as a dainty taste or palate; a dainty people.", "3. Scrupulous in manners; ceremonious.", "4. Elegant; tender; soft; pure; neat; effeminately beautiful; as dainty hands or limbs.", "5. Nice; affectedly fine; as a dainty speaker.", "DA'INTY, n.", "1. Something nice and delicate to the taste; that which is exquisitely delicious; a delicacy.", "Be not desirous of dainties, for they are deceitful meat. Prov. xxiii", "2. A term of fondness.", "Why, that's my dainty. Shak."], "dale": ["DALE, n. A low place between hills; a vale or valley."], "dam": ["DAM, n.", "1. A female parent; used of beasts, particularly of quadrupeds.", "2. A human mother, in contempt.", "3. A crowned man in the game of draughts.", "DAM, n. A mole, bank or mound of earth, or any wall, or a frame of wood, raised to obstruct a current of water, and to raise it, for the purpose of driving millwheels, or for other purposes. Any work that stops and confines water in a pond or bason, or causes it to rise.", "DAM, v.t.", "1. To make a dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or by any other work; to confine or shut in water. It is common to use, after the verb, in, up, or out; as, to dam in, or to dam up, the water, and to dam out is to prevent water from entering.", "2. To confine or restrain from escaping; to shut in."], "damage": ["DAM'AGE, n.This word seems to be allied to the Greek, a fine or mulet.", "1. Any hurt, injury or harm to one's estate; any loss of property sustained; any hinderance to the increase of property; or any obstruction to the success of an enterprise. A man suffers damage by the destruction of his corn, by the burning of his house, by the detention of a ship which defeats a profitable voyage, or by the failure of a profitable undertaking. Damage then is any actual loss, or the prevention of profit. It is usually and properly applied to property, but sometimes to reputation and other things which are valuable. But in the latter case, injury is more correctly used.", "2. The value of what is lost; the estimated equivalent for detriment or injury sustained; that which is given or adjudged to repair a loss. This is the legal signification of the word. It is the province of a jury to assess damages in trespass. In this sense, the word is generally used in the plural.", "DAM'AGE, v.t. To hurt or harm; to injure; to impair; to lessen the soundness, goodness or value of. Rain may damage corn or hay; a storm may damage a ship; a house is often damaged by fire, when it is not destroyed; heavy rains damage roads.", "DAM'AGE, v.i. To receive harm; to be injured or impaired in soundness, or value; as, green corn will damage in a mow or stack."], "damageable": ["DAM'AGEABLE, a.", "1. That may be injured or impaired; susceptible of damage; as damageable goods.", "2. Hurtful; pernicious."], "damaged": ["DAM'AGED, pp. Hurt; impaired; injured."], "damaging": ["DAM'AGING, ppr. Injuring; impairing."], "damascene": ["DAM'ASCENE, n.", "1. A particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson, which see.", "2. It may be locally applied to other species of plums."], "damn": ["DAMN, v.t.", "1. To sentence to eternal torments in a future state; to punish in hell.", "2. To condemn; to decide to be wrong or worthy of punishment; to censure; to reprobate.", "He that doubteth is damned if he eat. Rom xiv", "3. To condemn; to explode; to decide to be bad, mean, or displeasing, be hissing or any mark of disapprobation; as, to damn a play, or a mean author.", "4. A word used in profaneness; a term of execration."], "damned": ["DAM'NED, pp.", "1. Sentenced to everlasting punishment in a future state; condemned.", "2. a. Hateful; detestable; abominable;", "A word chiefly used in profaneness by persons of vulgar manners."], "damning": ["DAM'NING, ppr.", "1. Dooming to endless punishment; condemning.", "2. a. That condemns or exposes to damnation; as a damning sin."], "damnable": ["DAM'NABLE, a.", "1. That may be damned or condemned; deserving damnation; worthy of eternal punishment. More generally, that which subjects or renders liable to damnation.", "As damnable heresies. 2 Peter ii.", "2. In a low or ludicrous sense, odious, detestable, or pernicious."], "damnableness": ["DAM'NABLENESS, n. The state or quality of deserving damnation."], "damnably": ["DAM'NABLY, adv.", "1. In a manner to incur eternal punishment, or so as to exclude mercy.", "2. In a low sense, odiously; detestably; sometimes, excessively."], "damnation": ["DAMNA'TION, n.", "1. Sentence or condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state; or the state of eternal torments.", "How can ye escape the damnation of hell. Matt. xxiii", "2. Condemnation."], "damsel": ["DAM'SEL, n. A young woman. Formerly, a young man or woman of noble or genteel extraction; as Damsel Pepin; Damsel Richard, prince of Wales. It is now used only of young women, and is applied to any class of young unmarried women, unless to the most vulgar, and sometimes to country girls.", "With her train of damsels she was gone. Dryden.", "Then Boaz said, whose damsel is this? Ruth ii.", "This word is rarely used in conversation, or even in prose writings of the present day; but it occurs frequently in the scriptures, and in poetry."], "dan": ["DAN, n. A title of honor equivalent to master; used by Shakspeare, Prior, &c., but now obsolete."], "dance": ["D'ANCE, v.i.", "1. Primarily, to leap or spring; hence, to leap or move with measured steps, regulated by a tune, sung or played on a musical instrument; to leap or step with graceful motions of the body, corresponding with the sound of the voice or an instrument.", "There is a time to mourn, and a time to dance. Eccles. iii", "2. To leap and frisk about; to move nimbly or up and down.", "To dance attendance, to wait with obsequiousness; to strive to please and gain favor by assiduous attentions and officious civilities; as, to dance attendance at court.", "D'ANCE, v.t. To make to dance; to move up and down, or back and forth; to dandle; as, to dance a child on the knee.", "D'ANCE, n.", "1. In general sense, a leaping and frisking about. Appropriately, a leaping or stepping with motions of the body adjusted to the measure of a tune, particularly by two or more in concert. A lively brisk exercise or amusement, in which the movements of the persons are regulated by art, in figure, and by the sound of instruments, in measure.", "2. A tune by which dancing is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, &c."], "dancing": ["D'ANCING, ppr. Leaping and stepping to the sound of the voice or of an instrument; moving in measured steps; frisking about."], "dandled": ["DAN'DLED, pp. Danced on the knee, or in the arms; fondled; amused by trifles or play."], "dandling": ["DAN'DLING, ppr. Shaking and jolting on the knee; moving about in play or for amusement, as an infant."], "danger": ["DANGER, n. Peril; risk; hazard; exposure to injury, loss, pain or other evil.", "Our craft is in danger to be set at nought. Acts xix.", "It is easy to boast of despising death, when there is no danger.", "DANGER, v.t. To put in hazard; to expose to loss or injury."], "dangerous": ["DANGEROUS, a.", "1. Perilous; hazardous; exposing to loss; unsafe; full of risk; as a dangerous voyage; a dangerous experiment.", "2. Creating danger; causing risk of evil; as a dangerous man; a dangerous conspiracy."], "dangerousness": ["DANGEROUSNESS, n. Danger; hazard; peril; a state of being exposed to evil; as the dangerousness of condition, of disease."], "dare": ["DARE, v.i. pret. durst. To have courage to any purpose; to have strength of mind or hardihood to undertake anything; to be bold enough; not to be afraid; to venture; to be adventurous.", "I dare do all that may become a man. Shak.", "Dare any of you go to law before the unjust? 1 Cor. vi", "None of his disciples durst ask him, who art thou. John xxi", "In this intransitive sense, dare is not generally followed by the sign to before another verb in the infinitive; though to may be used with propriety. In German, the verb is numbered among the auxiliaries. In the transitive form, it is regular; thus,", "DARE, v.t. pret. and pp. dared. To challenge; to provoke; to defy; as, to dare a man to fight.", "Time, I dare thee to discover such a youth and such a lover. Dryden.", "To dare larks, to catch them by means of a looking glass, or by keeping a bird of prey hovering aloft, which keeps them in amaze till caught; to terrify or amaze.", "DARE, Defiance; challenge.", "DARE, n. A small fish, the same as the dace."], "dared": ["DA'RED, pp. Challenged; defied."], "dareful": ["DA'REFUL, a. Full of defiance."], "daring": ["DA'RING, ppr.", "1. Having courage sufficient for a purpose; challenging; defying.", "2. a. Bold; courageous; intrepid; fearless; adventurous; brave; stout.", "Grieve not, O daring prince, that noble heart. Pope.", "3. Audacious; impudently bold and defying; as in heaven-daring, defying Almighty power."], "daringly": ["DA'RINGLY, adv. Boldly; courageously; fearlessly; impudently.", "The principles of our holy religion are daringly attacked from the press. Anon."], "dark": ["D'ARK, a.", "1. Destitute of light; obscure. A dark atmosphere is one which prevents vision.", "2. Wholly or partially black; having the quality opposite to white; as a dark color or substance.", "3. Gloomy; disheartening; having unfavorable prospects; as a dark time in political affairs.", "There is in every true woman's heart a spark of heavenly fire, which beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity. Irving.", "4. Obscure; not easily understood or explained; as a dark passage in an author; a dark saying.", "5. Mysterious; as, the ways of Providence are often dark to human reason.", "6. Not enlightened with knowledge; destitute of learning and science; rude; ignorant; as a dark age.", "7. Not vivid; partially black. Lev. xiii", "8. Blind.", "9. Gloomy; not cheerful; as a dark temper.", "10. Obscure; concealed; secret; not understood; as a dark design.", "11. Unclean; foul.", "12. Opake. But dark and opake are not synonymous. Chalk is opake, but not dark.", "13. Keeping designs concealed.", "The dark unrelenting Tiberius. Gibbon.", "D'ARK, n.", "1. Darkness; obscurity; the absence of light. We say we can hear in the dark.", "Shall the wonders be known in the dark? Ps. 1xxxviii.", "2. Obscurity; secrecy; a state unknown; as, things done in the dark.", "3. Obscurity; a state of ignorance; as, we are all in the dark.", "D'ARK, v.t.", "1. To make dark; to deprive of light; as, close the shutters and darken the room.", "2. To obscure; to cloud.", "His confidence seldom darkened his foresight. Bacon.", "3. To make black.", "The locusts darkened the land. Ex. x.", "4. To make dim; to deprive of vision.", "Let their eyes be darkened. Rom xi.", "5. To render gloomy; as, all joy is darkened. Is.24.", "6. To deprive of intellectual vision; to render ignorant or stupid.", "Their foolish heart was darkened. Rom. i.", "Having the understanding darkened. Eph. iv.", "7. To obscure; to perplex; to render less clear or intelligible.", "Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge? Job 38.", "8. To render less white or clear; to tan; as, a burning sun darkens the complexion.", "9. To sully; to make foul."], "darkness": ["D'ARKNESS, n.", "1. Absence of light.", "And darkness was on the face of the deep. Gen. i.", "2. Obscurity; want of clearness or perspicuity; that quality or state which renders any thing difficult to be understood; as the darkness of counsels.", "3. A state of being intellectually clouded; ignorance.", "Men loved darkness rather than light. John iii.", "4. A private place; secrecy; privacy.", "What I tell in darkness, that speak ye in light. Matt. x.", "5. Infernal gloom; hell; as utter darkness. Matt. xxii.", "6. Great trouble and distress; calamities; perplexities.", "A day of clouds and thick darkness. Joel ii. Is. viii.", "7. Empire of Satan.", "Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness. Col. i.", "8. Opakeness.", "Land of darkness, the grave. Job x."], "darken": ["D'ARKEN, v.i. To grow dark or darker; also, to grow less white or clear."], "darkened": ["D'ARKENED, pp. Deprived of light; obscured; rendered dim; made black; made ignorant."], "darkening": ["D'ARKENING, ppr. Depriving of light; obscuring; making black or less white or clear; clouding."], "darkish": ["D'ARKISH, a. Dusky; somewhat dark."], "darkly": ["D'ARKLY, adv. Obscurely; dimly; blindly; uncertainly; with imperfect light, clearness or knowledge.", "They learn only what tradition has darkly conveyed to them. Anon."], "darling": ["D'ARLING, a. Dearly beloved; favorite; regarded with great kindness and tenderness; as a darling child; a darling science.", "D'ARLING, n. One much beloved; a favorite; as, that son was the darling of his father."], "dart": ["D'ART, n. Gr., a spear or lance.", "1. A pointed missile weapon to be thrown by the hand; a short lance.", "2. Any missile weapon; that which pierces and wounds.", "And from about her shot darts of desire.", "D'ART, v.t.", "1. To throw a pointed instrument with a sudden thrust; as, to dart a javelin.", "2. To throw suddenly or rapidly; to send; to emit; to shoot; applied to small objects, which pass with velocity; as, the sun darts his beams on the earth.", "Or what ill eyes malignant glances dart. Pope.", "D'ART, v.i.", "1. To fly or shoot, as a dart; to fly rapidly.", "2. To spring and run with velocity; to start suddenly and run; as, the deer darted from the thicket."], "darted": ["D'ARTED, pp. Thrown or hurled as a pointed instrument; sent with velocity."], "darting": ["D'ARTING, ppr. Throwing, as a dart; hurling darts; flying rapidly."], "dash": ["DASH, v.t.", "1. To strike suddenly or violently, whether throwing or falling; as, to dash one stone against another.", "Lest thou dash thy foot against a stone. Matt. iv.", "2. To strike and bruise or break; to break by collision; but usually with the words, in pieces.", "Thou shalt dash them in pieces, as a potter's vessel. Ps. ii.", "3. To throw water suddenly, in separate portions; as, to dash water on the head.", "4. To bespatter; to sprinkle; as, to dash a garment.", "5. To strike and break or disperse.", "At once the brushing oars and brazen prow dash up the sandy waves, and ope the depth below. Dryden.", "6. To mix and reduce or adulterate by throwing in another substance; as, to dash wine with water; the story is dashed with fables.", "7. To form or sketch out in haste, carelessly.", "8. To erase at a stroke; to strike out to blot out or obliterate; as, to dash out a line or word.", "9. To break; to destroy; to frustrate; as, to dash all their schemes and hopes.", "10. To confound; to confuse; to put to shame; to abash; to depress by shame or fear; as, he was dashed at the appearance of the judge.", "Dash the proud gamester in his gilded car. Pope.", "DASH, v.i.", "1. To strike, break, scatter and fly off; as, agitate water and it will dash over the sides of a vessel; the waves dashed over the side of the ship.", "2. To rush, strike and break or scatter; as, the waters dash down the precipice.", "3. To rush with violence, and break through; as, he dashed into the enemy's ranks; or he dashed through thick and thin.", "DASH, n.", "1. Collision; a violent striking of two bodies; as the dash of clouds.", "2. Infusion; admixture; something thrown into another substance; as, the wine has a dash of water.", "Innocence, with a dash of folly. Addison.", "3. Admixture; as, red with a dash of purple.", "4. a rushing, or onset with violence; as, to make a dash upon the enemy.", "5. A sudden stroke; a blow; an act.", "She takes upon her bravely at first dash. Shak.", "6. A flourish; blustering parade; as, the young fop made a dash.", "7. A mark or line in writing or printing, noting a break or stop in the sentence; as in Virgil, quos ego-: or a pause; or the division of the sentence."], "dashed": ["DASH'ED, pp. Struck violently; driven against; bruised, broken or scattered by collision; besprinkled; mixed or adulterated; erased, blotted out; broken; cast down; confounded; abashed."], "dashing": ["DASH'ING, ppr.", "1. Driving and striking against; striking suddenly or violently; breaking or scattering by collision; infusing; mixing; confounding; blotting out; rushing.", "2. a. Rushing; driving; blustering; as a dashing fellow.", "3. a. Precipitate; rushing carelessly on."], "daub": ["DAUB, v.t."], "daubed": ["DAUB'ED, pp. Smeared with soft adhesive matter; plastered; painted coarsely; disguised; loaded with ill chosen finery."], "daubing": ["DAUB'ING, ppr. Plastering; painting coarsely; disguising clumsily; decking ostentatiously; flattering grossly.", "DAUB'ING, n. Plastering; coarse painting; gross flattery."], "daughter": ["DAUGHTER, n,"], "dawn": ["DAWN, v.i."], "dawning": ["DAWN'ING, ppr. 1. Growing light; first appearing luminous; opening; as the dawning day."], "day": ["DAY, n."], "daysman": ["DA'YSMAN, n. An umpire or arbiter; a mediator."], "dayspring": ["DA'YSPRING, n. The dawn; the beginning of the day, or first appearance of light."], "daytime": ["DA'YTIME, n. The time of the sun's light on the earth; as opposed to night."], "deacon": ["DE'ACON, n. Gr., a minister or servant."], "deadliness": ["DEAD'LINESS, n. ded'liness. The quality of being deadly."], "deadly": ["DEAD'LY, a. ded'ly."], "deadness": ["DEAD'NESS, n. ded'ness."], "deaf": ["DEAF, n. deef."], "deafness": ["DE'AFNESS, n, dee'fness."], "deal": ["DEAL, v.t. pret. and pp. dealt, pron. delt."], "dealing": ["DE'ALING, ppr."], "dealer": ["DE'ALER, n."], "dear": ["DEAR, a."], "dearness": ["DE'ARNESS, n."], "dearly": ["DE'ARLY, adv."], "dearth": ["DEARTH, n. derth."], "death": ["DEATH, n. deth."], "deathful": ["DEATH'FUL, a. Full of slaughter; murderous; destructive."], "deathfulness": ["DEATH'FULNESS, n. Appearance of death."], "debase": ["DEBA'SE, v.t."], "debased": ["DEBA'SED, pp. Reduced in estimated rank; lowered in estimation; reduced in purity, fineness, quality or value; adulterated; degraded; rendered mean."], "debasement": ["DEBA'SEMENT, n. The act of debasing; degradation; reduction of purity, fineness, quality or value; adulteration; a state of being debased; as debasement of character, of our faculties, of the coin, of style, &c."], "debaser": ["DEBA'SER, n. One who debases or lowers in estimation, or in value; one who degrades or renders mean; that which debases."], "debasing": ["DEBA'SING, ppr."], "debatable": ["DEBA'TABLE, a. That may be debated; disputable; subject to controversy or contention; as a debatable question."], "debate": ["DEBATE, n."], "debated": ["DEBA'TED, pp. Disputed; argued; discussed."], "debateful": ["DEBA'TEFUL, a."], "debatement": ["DEBA'TEMENT, n. Controversy; deliberation."], "debater": ["DEBA'TER, n. One who debates; a disputant; a controvertist."], "debating": ["DEBA'TING, ppr. Disputing; discussing; contending by arguments."], "debt": ["DEBT, n. det. L. debitum, contracted."], "debted": ["DEBT'ED, pp. det'ted. Indebted; obliged to."], "debtor": ["DEBT'OR, n. det'tor."], "decay": ["DECA'Y, v.i. Fr. dechoir, from L. de and cado, to fall, or decedo."], "decayed": ["DECA'YED, pp. Having fallen from a good or sound state; impaired; weakened; diminished."], "decaying": ["DECA'YING, ppr. Failing; declining; passing from a good, prosperous or sound state, to a worse condition; perishing.", "DECA'YING, n. Decay; decline."], "decease": ["DECE'ASE, n. L. to depart or to withdraw. Literally, departure; hence, departure from this life; death; applied to human beings only."], "deceased": ["DECE'ASED, pp. or a. Departed from life. This is used as a passive participle. He is deceased, for he has deceased; he was deceased, for he had deceased. This use of the participle of an intransitive verb is not infrequent, but the word omitted is really has. He has deceased. It is properly an adjective, like dead."], "deceasing": ["DECE'ASING, ppr. Departing from life; dying."], "deceitful": ["DECE'ITFUL, a."], "deceitfulness": ["DECE'ITFULNESS, n."], "deceitfully": ["DECE'ITFULLY, adv. In a deceitful manner; fraudulently; with deceit; in a manner or with a view to deceive."], "deceivable": ["DECE'IVABLE, a."], "deceivableness": ["DECE'IVABLENESS, n."], "deceive": ["DECE'IVE, v.t. L to take asid, to ensnare."], "deceived": ["DECE'IVED, pp. Misled; led into error; beguiled; cheated; deluded."], "deceiver": ["DECE'IVER, n. One who deceives; one who leads into error; a cheat; an impostor."], "deceiving": ["DECE'IVING, ppr. Misleading; ensnaring; beguiling; cheating."], "decent": ["DE'CENT, a. L. decens; Fr. decent."], "decentness": ["DE'CENTNESS, n. Decency."], "decidable": ["DECI'DABLE, a. That may be decided."], "decide": ["DECI'DE, v.i. To determine; to form a definite opinion; to come to a conclusion."], "decided": ["DECI'DED, pp. Determined; ended; concluded.", "DECI'DED, a. That implies decision; clear; unequivocal; that puts an end to doubt."], "decidence": ["DECI'DENCE, n. A falling off."], "decider": ["DECI'DER, n. One who determines a cause or contest."], "deciding": ["DECI'DING, ppr. Determing; ending; concluding."], "decision": ["DECIS'ION, n."], "decisive": ["DECI'SIVE, a."], "decisively": ["DECI'SIVELY, adv. In a conclusive manner; in a manner to end deliberation, controversy, doubt or contest.", "DECI'SIVENESS, n."], "decisiveness": ["DECI'SIVENESS, n."], "deck": ["DECK, v.t."], "decked": ["DECK'ED, pp. Covered; adorned; furnished with a deck.", "DECK'ER, n."], "decking": ["DECK'ING, ppr. Covering; arraying; adorning."], "declaration": ["DECLARA'TION, n."], "declarative": ["DECLAR'ATIVE, a."], "declare": ["DECLA'RE, v.t. L. to make clear."], "declared": ["DECLA'RED, pp. Made known; told explicitly; avowed; exhibited; manifested; published; proclaimed; recited."], "declarer": ["DECLA'RER, n. One who makes known or publishes; that which exhibits."], "declaring": ["DECLA'RING, ppr. Making known by words or by other means; manifesting; publishing; affirming; reciting the cause of complaint."], "declinable": ["DECLI'NABLE, a. That may be declined; changing its termination in the oblique cases; as a declinable noun."], "declinate": ["DEC'LINATE, a. In botany, bending or bent downwards, in a curve; declining."], "declination": ["DECLINA'TION, n."], "declinator": ["DECLINA'TOR, DECLIN'ATORY, n. An instrument for taking the declination, or inclination of a plane; an instrument in dialling."], "decline": ["DECLI'NE, v.i. L. to lean."], "declined": ["DECLI'NED, pp. Bent downward or from; inflected."], "declining": ["DECLI'NING, ppr. Leaning; deviating; falling; failing; decaying; tending to a worse state; avoiding; refusing; inflecting."], "decrease": ["DECREASE, v.i. L. To grow. To become less; to be diminished gradually, in extent, bulk, quantity, or amount, or in strength, quality, or excellence; as, the days decrease in length from June to December.", "He must increase, but I must decrease. John iii.", "DECREASE, v.t. To lessen; to make smaller in dimensions, amount, quality or excellence, &c; to diminish gradually or by small deductions; as, extravagance decreases the means of charity; every payment decreases a debt; intemperance decreases the strength and powers of life.", "DECREASE, n.", "1. A becoming less; gradual diminution; decay; as a decrease of revenue; a decrease of strength.", "2. The wane of the moon; the gradual diminution of the visible face of the moon from the full to the change."], "decreased": ["DECREASED, pp. Lessened; diminished."], "decreasing": ["DECREASING, ppr. Becoming less; diminishing; waning."], "decree": ["DECREE, n. L. To judge; to divide.", "1. Judicial decision, or determination of a litigated cause; as a decree of the court of chancery. The decision of a court of equity is called a decree; that of a court of law, a judgment.", "2. In the civil law, a determination or judgment of the emperor on a suit between parties.", "3. An edict or law made by a council for regulating any business within their jurisdiction; as the decrees of ecclesiastical councils.", "4. In general, an order, edict or law made by a superior as a rule to govern inferiors.", "There went a decree from Cesar Augustus, that all the world should be taxed. Luke ii.", "5. Established law, or rule.", "He made a decree for the rain. Job xxviii.", "6. In theology, predetermined purpose of God; the purpose or determination of an immutable Being, whose plan of operations is, like himself, unchangeable.", "DECREE, v.t.", "1. To determine judicially; to resolve by sentence; as, the court decreed that the property should be restored; or they decreed a restoration of the property.", "2. To determine or resolve legislatively; to fix or appoint; to set or constitute by edict or in purpose.", "Thou shalt decree a thing, and it shall be established. Job xxii.", "Let us not be solicitous to know what God has decreed concerning us."], "decreed": ["DECREED, pp. Determined judicially; resolved; appointed; established in purpose."], "decreeing": ["DECREEING, ppr. Determining; resolving; appointing; ordering."], "dedicate": ["DEDICATE, v.t. L. To vow, promise, devote, dedicate. See Class Dg. No. 12, 15, 45. The sense is to send, to throw; hence, to set, to appoint.", "1. To set apart and consecrate to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose; to devote to a sacred use, by a solemn act, or by religious ceremonies; as, to dedicate vessels, treasures, a temple, an altar, or a church, to God or to a religious use.", "Vessels of silver, of gold, and of brass, which king David did dedicate to the Lord. 2 Sam. Viii.", "2. To appropriate solemnly to any person or purpose; to give wholly or chiefly to. The ministers of the gospel dedicate themselves, their time and their studies, to the service of Christ. A soldier dedicates himself to the profession of arms.", "3. To inscribe or address to a patron; as, to dedicate a book.", "DEDICATE, a. Consecrated; devoted; appropriated."], "dedicated": ["DEDICATED, pp. Devoted to a divine Being, or to a sacred use; consecrated; appropriated; given wholly to."], "dedicating": ["DEDICATING, ppr. Devoting to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose; consecrating; appropriating; giving wholly to."], "dedication": ["DEDICATION, n.", "1. The act of consecrating to a divine Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities; solemn appropriation; as the dedication of Solomons temple.", "2. The act of devoting or giving to.", "3. An address to a patron, prefixed to a book, testifying respect and recommending the work to his protection and favor."], "dedicator": ["DEDICATOR, n. One who dedicates; one who inscribes a book to the favor of a patron."], "deed": ["DEED, n.", "1. That which is done, acted or effected; an act; a fact; a word of extensive application, including whatever is done, good or bad, great or small.", "And Joseph said to them, what deed is this which ye have done? Gen. x1iv.", "We receive the due reward of our deeds. Luke xxv.", "2. Exploit; achievement; illustrious act.", "Whose deeds some nobler poem shall adorn.", "3. Power of action; agency.", "With will and deed created free.", "4. A writing containing some contract or agreement, and the evidence of its execution; particularly, an instrument on paper or parchment, conveying real estate to a purchaser or donee. This instrument must be executed, and the execution attested, in the manner prescribed by law.", "Indeed, in fact; in reality. These words are united and called an adverb. But sometimes they are separated by very, in very deed; a more emphatical expression. Ex. ix.", "DEED, v.t. To convey or transfer by deed; a popular use of the word in America; as, he deeded all his estate to his eldest son."], "deem": ["DEEM, v.t.", "1. To think; to judge; to be of opinion; to conclude on consideration; as, he deems it prudent to be silent.", "For never can I deem him less than god.", "The shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country. Acts xxvii.", "2. To estimate.", "DEEM, n. Opinion; judgment; surmise."], "deemed": ["DEEMED, pp. Thought; judged; supposed."], "deeming": ["DEEMING, ppr. Thinking; judging; believing."], "deep": ["DEEP, a.", "1. Extending or being far below the surface; descending far downward; profound ; opposed to shallow; as deep water; a deep pit or well.", "2. Low in situation; being or descending far below the adjacent land; as a deep valley.", "3. Entering far; piercing a great way. A tree in a good soil takes deep root. A spear struck deep into the flesh.", "4. Far from the outer part; secreted.", "A spider deep ambushed in her den.", "5. Not superficial or obvious; hidden; secret.", "He discovereth deep things out of darkness. Job xii.", "6. Remote from comprehension.", "O Lord, thy thoughts are very deep. Ps. Xcii.", "7. Sagacious; penetrating; having the power to enter far into a subject; as a man of deep thought; a deep divine.", "8. Artful; contriving; concealing artifice; insidious; designing; as a friend, deep, hollow treacherous.", "9. Grave in sound; low; as the deep tones of an organ.", "10. Very still; solemn; profound; as deep silence.", "11. Thick; black; not to be penetrated by the sight.", "Now deeper darkness brooded on the ground.", "12. Still; sound; not easily broken or disturbed.", "The Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall on Adam. Gen ii.", "13. Depressed; sunk low, metaphorically; as deep poverty.", "14. Dark; intense; strongly colored; as a deep brown; a deep crimson; a deep blue.", "15. Unknown; unintelligible.", "A people of deeper speech than thou canst perceive. Is. xxxiii.", "16. Heart-felt; penetrating; affecting; as a deep sense of guilt.", "17. Intricate; not easily understood or unraveled; as a deep plot or intrigue.", "This word often qualifies a verb, like an adverb.", "Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.", "DEEP, n.", "1. The sea; the abyss of waters; the ocean.", "He maketh the deep to boil like a pot. Job x1i.", "2. A lake; a great collection of water.", "Lanch out into the deep, and let down your nets. Luke v.", "3. That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible.", "Thy judgments are a great deep. Ps. xxxvi.", "4. The most still or solemn part; the midst; as, in deep of night."], "deepness": ["DEEPNESS, n.", "1. Depth; remoteness from the surface in a descending line; interior distance from the surface; profundity.", "And forthwith they sprung up, because they had no deepness of earth. Matt. Xiii.", "2. Craft; insidiousness."], "deeply": ["DEEPLY, adv.", "1. At or to a great depth; far below the surface; as a passion deeply rooted in our nature; precepts deeply engraven on the heart.", "2. Profoundly; thoroughly; as deeply skilled in ethics or anatomy.", "3. To or from the inmost recesses of the heart; eith great sorrow; most feelingly.", "He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark viii.", "He was deeply affected at the sight.", "4. To a great degree; as, he has deeply offended.", "They have deeply corrupted themselves. Hos. ix.", "5. With a dark hye, or strong color; as a deeply red liquor; deeply colored.", "6. Gravely; as a deeply toned instrument.", "7. With profound skill; with art or intricacy; as a deeply laid plot or intrigue.", "This word cannot easily be defined in all its various applications. In general it gives emphasis or intensity to the word which it qualifies."], "deer": ["DEER, n. Sing. And plu. Gr. A wild beast. The primary sense is simply roving, wild, untamed; hence, a wild beast. A quadruped of the genus Cervus, of several species, as the stag, the fallow deer, the roe-buck, the rane or rane-deer, &c. These animals are wild and hunted in the forest, or kept in parks. Their flesh called venison, is deemed excellent food."], "defamation": ["DEFAMATION, n. The uttering of slanderous words with a view to injure anothers reputation; the malicious uttering of falsehood respecting another which tends to destroy or impair his good name, character or occupation; slander; calumny. To constitute defamation in law, the words must be false and spoken maliciously. Defamatory words written and published are called a libel."], "defame": ["DEFAME,", "1. To slander; falsely and maliciously to utter words respecting another which tend to injure his reputation or occupation; as to say, a judge is corrupt; a man is perjured; a trader is a knave.", "2. To speak evil of; to dishonor by false reports; to calumniate; to libel; to impair reputation by acts or words.", "Being defamed, we entreat. 1 Cor. Iv."], "defamed": ["DEFAMED, pp. Slandered; dishonored or injured by evil reports."], "defamer": ["DEFAMER, n. A slanderer; a detractor; a calumniator."], "defaming": ["DEFAMING, ppr. Slandering; injuring the character by false reports.", "DEFAMING, n. Defamation; slander."], "defeat": ["DEFEAT, n.", "1. Overthrow; loss of battle; the check, rout, or destruction of an army by the victory of an enemy.", "2. Successful resistance; as the defeat of an attack.", "3. Frustration; a rendering null and void; as the defeat of a title.", "4. Frustration; prevention of success; as the defeat of a plan or design.", "DEFEAT, v.t.", "1. To overcome or vanquish, as an army; to check, disperse or ruin by victory; to overthrow; applies to an army, or a division of troops; to a fleet, or to a commander.", "The English army defeated the French on the plains of Abraham. Gen. Wolf defeated Montcalm. The French defeated the Austrians at Marengo.", "2. To frustrate; to prevent the success of; to disappoint.", "Then mayest thou for me defeat the counsel of Ahithophel. 2 Sam. Xv. And xvii.", "We say, our dearest hopes are often defeated.", "3. To render null and void; as, to defeat a title or an estate.", "4. To resist with success; as, to defeat an attempt or assault."], "defeating": ["DEFEATING, ppr. Vanquishing; subduing; opposing successfully; overthrowing; frustrating; disappointing; rendering null and void."], "defend": ["DEFEND, v.t.", "1. To drive from; to thrust back; hence, to deny; to repel a demand, charge, or accusation; to oppose; to resist; the effect of which is to maintain ones own claims.", "2. To forbid; to prohibit; that is, to drive from, or back. Milton calls the forbidden fruit, the defended fruit.", "The use of wine in some places is defended by customs or laws.", "3. To drive back a foe or danger; to repel from any thing that which assails or annoys; to protect by opposition or resistance; to support or maintain; to prevent from being injured, or destroyed.", "There arose, to defend Israel, Tola the son of Puah. Judges x.", "4. To vindicate; to assert; to uphold; to maintain uninjured, by force or by argument; as, to defend our cause; to defend rights and privileges; to defend reputation.", "5. To secure against attacks or evil; to fortify against danger or violence; to set obstacles to the approach of any thing that can annoy. A garden may be defended by a wall, a hill or a river.", "DEFEND, v.i. To make opposition; as, the party comes into court, defends and says."], "defendable": ["DEFENDABLE, a. That may be defended."], "defendant": ["DEFENDANT, a.", "1. Defensive; proper for defense.", "2. Making defense; being in the character of a defendant.", "DEFENDANT, n.", "1. He that defends against an assailant, or against the approach of evil or danger.", "2. In law, the party that opposes a complaint, demand or charge; he that is summoned into court, and defends, denies or opposes the demand or charge, and maintains his own right. It is applied to any party of whom a demand is made in court, whether the party denies and defends, or admits the claim and suffers a default."], "defended": ["DEFENDED, pp. Opposed; denied; prohibited; maintained by resistance; vindicated; preserved uninjured; secured."], "defender": ["DEFENDER, n. One who defends by oppostition; one who maintains, supports, protects or vindicates; an assertor; a vindicator, either by arms or by arguments; a champion or an advocate."], "defending": ["DEFENDING, ppr. Denying; opposing; resisiting; forbidding; maintaining uninjured by force or by reason; securing from evil."], "defer": ["DEFER, v.t. L. To bear.", "1. To delay; to put off; to postpone to a future time; as, to defer the execution of a design.", "When thou vowest a vow, defer not to pay it. Eccles. 5.", "Hope deferred maketh the heart sick. Prov. 13.", "2. To refer; to leave to anothers judgment and determination.", "In this sense, refer is now used."], "deference": ["DEFERENCE, n.", "1. A yielding in opinion; submission of judgment to the opinion or judgment of another. Hence, regard; respect. We often decline acting in opposition to those for whose wisdom we have a great deference.", "2. Complaisance; condescension.", "3. Submission."], "deferent": ["DEFERENT, a. Bearing; carrying; conveying.", "DEFERENT, n.", "1. That which carries or conveys. The deferent of a planet, is an imaginary circle or orb in the Ptolemaic system, that is supposed to carry about the body of the planet.", "2. A vessel in the human body for the conveyance of fluids."], "deferment": ["DEFERMENT, n. Delay."], "deferring": ["DEFERRING, ppr. Delaying; postponing."], "defile": ["DEFILE, v.t.", "1. To make unclean; to render foul or dirty; in a general sense.", "2. To make impure; to render turbid; as, the water or liquor is defiled.", "3. To soil or sully; to tarnish; as reputation, &c.", "He is among the greatest prelates of the age, however his character may be defiled by dirty hands.", "They shall defile thy brightness. Ezek. 28.", "4. To pollute; to make ceremonially unclean.", "That which dieth of itself, he shall not eat, to defile himself therewith. Lev. 22.", "5. To corrupt chastity; to debauch; to violate; to tarnish the purity of character by lewdness.", "Schechem defiled Dinah. Gen. 34.", "6. To taint, in a moral sense; to corrupt; to vitiate; to render impure with sin.", "Defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt. Ezek. 20.", "He hath defiled the sanctuary of the Lord. Numb. 19.", "DEFILE, v.i. L. A thread. To march off in a line, or file by file; to file off.", "DEFILE, n. A narrow passage or way, in which troops may march only in a file, or with a narrow front; a long narrow pass, as between hills, &c."], "defiled": ["DEFILED, pp. Made dirty, or foul; polluted; soiled; corrupted; violated; vitiated."], "defilement": ["DEFILEMENT, n.", "1. The act of defiling, or state of being defiled; foulness; dirtiness; uncleanness.", "2. Corruption of morals, principles or character; impurity; pollution by sin.", "The chaste cannot rake into such filth without danger of defilement."], "defiler": ["DEFILER, n. One who defiles; one who corrupts or violates; that which pollutes."], "defiling": ["DEFILING, ppr.", "1. Polluting; making impure.", "2. Marching in a file, or with a narrow front."], "defraud": ["DEFRAUD, v.t. L. To cheat.", "1. To deprive of right, either by obtaining something by deception or artifice, or by taking something wrongfully without the knowledge or consent of the owner; to cheat; to cozen; followed by of before the thing taken; as, to defraud; a man of his right.", "We have corrupted no man, we have defrauded no man. 2 Cor. 7.", "The agent who embezzles public property, defrauds the state.", "The man who by deception obtains a price for a commodity above its value, defrauds the purchaser.", "2. To withhold wrongfully from another what is due to him. Defraud not the hireling of his wages.", "3. To prevent one wrongfully from obtaining what he may justly claim.", "A man of fortune who permits his son to consume the season of education in hunting, shooting, or in frequenting horse-races, assemblies, &c., defrauds the community of a benefactor, and bequeaths them a nuissance.", "4. To defeat or frustrate wrongfully.", "By the duties deserted-by the claims defrauded."], "defrauded": ["DEFRAUDED, pp. Deprived of property or right by trick, artifice or deception; injured by the withholding of what is due."], "defrauder": ["DEFRAUDER, n. One who defrauds; one who takes from another his right by deception, or withholds what is his due; a cheat; a cozener; an embezzler; a peculator."], "defrauding": ["DEFRAUDING, ppr. Depriving another of his property or right by deception or artifice; injuring by withholding wrongfully what is due."], "defraudment": ["DEFRAUDMENT, n. Tha act of defrauding."], "defy": ["DEFY, v.t.", "1. To dare; to provoke to combat or strife, by appealing to the courage of another; to invite one to contest; to challenge; as, Goliath defied the armies of Israel.", "2. To dare; to brave; to offer to hazard a conflict by manifesting a contempt of opposition, attack or hostile force; as, to defy the arguments of an opponent; to defy the power of the magistrate.", "Were we to abolish the common law, it would rise triumphant above its own ruins, deriding and defying its impotent enemies.", "3. To challenge to say or do any thing.", "DEFY, n. A challenge."], "degenerate": ["DEGENERATE, v.i. L. Grown worse, ignoble, base.", "1. To become worse; to decay in good qualities; to pass from a good to a bad or worse state; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable qualities, either in the natural or moral world. In the natural world, plants and animals degenerate when they grow to a less size than usual, or lose a part of the valuable qualities which belong to the species. In the moral world, men degenerate when they decline in virtue, or other good qualities. Manners degenerate when they become corrupt. Wit may degenerate into indecency or impiety.", "DEGENERATE, a.", "1. Having fallen from a perfect or good state into a less excellent or worse state; having lost something of the good qualities possessed; having declined in natural or moral worth.", "The degenerate plant of a strange vine. Jer. 2.", "2. Low; base; mean; corrupt; fallen from primitive or natural excellence; having lost the good qualities of the species. Man is considered a degenerate being. A coward is a man of degenerate spirit."], "degenerately": ["DEGENERATELY, adv. In a degenerate or base manner."], "degenerateness": ["DEGENERATENESS, n. A degenerate state; a state in which the natural good qualities of the species are decayed or lost."], "degeneration": ["DEGENERATION, n.", "1. A growing worse, or losing of good qualities; a decline from the virtue and worth of ancestors; a decay of the natural good qualities of the species; a falling from a more excellent state to one of less worth, either in the natural or moral world.", "2. The thing degenerated."], "degenerous": ["DEGENEROUS, a.", "1. Degenerated; fallen from a state of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors. Hence,", "2. Low; base; mean; unworthy; as a degenerous passion."], "degenerously": ["DEGENEROUSLY, adv. In a degenerous manner; basely; meanly."], "degree": ["DEGREE, n.", "1. A step; a distinct portion of space of indefinite extent; a space in progression; as, the army gained the hill by degrees; a balloon rises or descends by slow degrees; and figuratively, we advance in knowledge by slow degrees. Men are yet in the first degree of improvement. It should be their aim to attain to the furthest degree, or the highest degree. There are degrees of vice and virtue.", "2. A step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, dignity or rank; as a man of great degree.", "We speak of men of high degree, or of low degree; of superior or inferior degree. It is supposed there are different degrees or orders of angels.", "They purchase to themselves a good degree. 1 Tim. 3.", "3. In genealogy, a certain distance or remove in the line of descent, determining the proximity of blood; as a relation in the third or fourth degree.", "4. Measure; extent. The light is intense to a degree that is intolerable. We suffer an extreme degree of heat or cold.", "5. In geometry, a division of a circle, including a three hundred and sixtieth part of its circumference. Hence a degree of latitude is the 360th part of the earths surface north or south of the equator, and a degree of longitude, the same part of the surface east or west of any given meridian.", "6. In music, an interval of sound, marked by a line on the scale.", "7. In arithmetic, a degree consists of three figures; thus, 270, 360, compose two degrees.", "8. A division, space or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instrument; as on a thermometer, or barometer.", "9. In colleges and universities, a mark of distinction conferred on students, as a testimony of their proficiency in arts and sciences; giving them a kind of rank, and entitling them to certain privileges. This is usually evidenced by a diploma. Degrees are conferred pro meritis on the alumni of a college; or they are honorary tokens of respect, conferred on strangers of distinguished reputation. The first degree is that of Bachelor of Arts; the second, that of Master of Arts. Honorary degrees are those of Doctor of Divinity, Doctor of Laws, &c. Physicians also receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine.", "By degrees, step by step; gradually; by little and little; by moderate advances. Frequent drinking forms by degrees a confirmed habit of intemperance."], "delay": ["DELAY, v.t.", "1. To prolong the time of acting, or proceeding; to put off; to defer.", "My lord delayeth his coming. Matt. 14.", "2. To retard; to stop, detain or hinder for a time; to restrain motion, or render it slow; as, the mail is delated by bad roads.", "Thyrsis, whose artful strains have oft delayed", "The huddling brook to hear his madrigal.", "3. To allay.", "DELAY, v.i. To linger; to move slow; or to stop for a time.", "There are certain bounds to the quickness and slowness of the succession of ideas, beyond which they can neither delay nor hasten.", "DELAY, n.", "1. A lingering; stay; stop.", "2. A putting off or deferring; procrastination; as, the delay of trial is not to be imputed to the plaintiff.", "3. Hinderance for a time."], "delayed": ["DELAYED, pp. Deferred; detained; hindered for a time; retarded."], "delaying": ["DELAYING, ppr. Putting off; deferring; procrastinating; retarding; detaining."], "delectableness": ["DELECTABLENESS, n. Delightfulness."], "delectably": ["DELECTABLY, adv. Delightfully."], "delectation": ["DELECTATION, n. Great pleasure; delight."], "delicacy": ["DELICACY, n. In a general sense, that which delights or pleases. Hence,", "1. Fineness of texture; smoothness; softness; tenderness; as the delicacy of the skin; and nearly in the same sense, applicable to food; as the delicacy of flesh, meat or vegetables. Hence,", "2. Daintiness; pleasantness to the taste.", "3. Elegant or feminine beauty; as delicacy of form.", "4. Nicety; minute accuracy; as the delicacy of coloring in painting.", "5. Neatness in dress; elegance proceeding from a nice selection and adjustment of the several parts of dress.", "6. Softness of manners; civility or politemess proceeding from a nice observance of propriety, and a desire to please; as delicacy of behavior.", "7. Indulgence; gentle treatment; as delicacy of education.", "8. Tenderness; scrupulousness; the quality manifested in nice attention to right, and care to avoid wrong, or offense.", "9. Acute or nice perception of what is pleasing to the sense of tasting; hence figuratively, a nice perception of beauty and deformity, or the faculty of such nice perception.", "Delicacy of taste tends to invigorate the social affections, and moderate those that are selfish.", "10. That which delights the senses, particularly the taste; applied to eatables; as, the peach is a great delicacy.", "11. Tenderness of constitution; weakness; that quality or state of the animal body which renders it very impressible to injury; as delicacy of constitution or frame.", "12. Smallness; fineness; slenderness; tenuity; as the delicacy of a thread, or fiber.", "13. Tenderness; nice susceptibility of impression; as delicacy of feeling."], "delicate": ["DELICATE, a. L. Connected with delight; to delight.", "1. Of a fine texture; fine; soft; smooth; clear, or fair; as a delicate skin.", "2. Nice; pleasing to the taste; of an agreeable flavor; as delicate food; a delicate dish.", "3. Nice in perception of what is agreeable; dainty; as a delicate taste; and figuratively, nice and discriminating in beauty and deformity.", "4. Nice; accurate; fine; soft to the eye; as a delicate color.", "5. Nice in forms; regulated by minute observance of propriety, or by condescension and attention to the wishes and feelings of others; as delicate behavior or manners; a delicate address."], "delicately": ["DELICATELY, adv.", "1. In a delicate manner; with nice regard to propriety and the feelings of others.", "2. Daintily; luxuriously.", "They that live delicately are in kings courts. Luke 7.", "3. With soft elegance; as an expression delicately turned.", "4. Tenderly; with indulgence in ease, elegance and luxury. Prov. 29."], "delicateness": ["DELICATENESS, n. The state of being delicate; tenderness; softness; effeminacy. Deut. 28."], "delicious": ["DELICIOUS, a.", "1. Highly pleasing to the taste; most sweet or grateful to the senses; affording exquisite pleasure; as a delicious viand; delicious fruit or wine.", "2. Most pleasing to the mind; very grateful; yielding exquisite delight; as, this poem affords a delicious entertainment."], "deliciously": ["DELICIOUSLY, adv. In a delicious manner; in a manner to please the taste or gratify the mind; sweetly; pleasantly; delightfully; as, to feed deliciously; to be deliciously entertained."], "deliciousness": ["DELICIOUSNESS, n.", "1. The quality of being delicious, or very grateful to the taste or mind; as the deliciousness of a repast.", "2. Delight; great pleasure."], "delight": ["DELIGHT, n.", "1. A high degree of pleasure, or satisfaction of mind; joy.", "His delight is in the law of the Lord. Ps. 1.", "2. That which gives great pleasure; that which affords delight.", "Titus was the delight of human kind.", "I was daily his delight. Prov. 8.", "Delight is a more permanent pleasure than joy, and not dependent on sudden excitement.", "DELIGHT, v.t.", "1. To affect with great pleasure; to please highly; to give or afford high satisfaction or joy; as, a beautiful landscape delights the eye; harmony delights the ear; the good conduct of children, and especially their piety, delights their parents.", "I will delight myself in thy statutes. Ps. 119.", "2. To receive great pleasure in.", "I delight to do thy will. Ps. 40:8.", "DELIGHT, v.i. To have or take great pleasure; to be greatly pleased or rejoiced; followed by in.", "I delight in the law of God after the inward man. Rom. 7."], "delighted": ["DELIGHTED, pp.", "1. Greatly pleased; rejoiced; followed by with.", "That ye may be delighted with the abundance of her glory. Is. 66:11.", "2. A. Full of delight."], "delighter": ["DELIGHTER, n. One who takes delight."], "delightful": ["DELIGHTFUL, a. Highly pleasing; affording great pleasure and satisfaction; as a delightful thought; a delightful prospect."], "delightfulness": ["DELIGHTFULNESS, n.", "1. The quality of being delightful, or of affording great pleasure; as the delightfulness of a prospect, or of scenery.", "2. Great pleasure; delight."], "delightsome": ["DELIGHTSOME, a. Very pleasing; delightful."], "delightsomely": ["DELIGHTSOMELY, adv. Very pleasantly; in a delightful manner."], "delightsomeness": ["DELIGHTSOMENESS, n. Delightfulness; pleasantness in a high degree."], "deliver": ["DELIVER, v.t. L. Free, disengaged; to free, to peel.", "1. To free; to release, as from restraint; to set at liberty; as, to deliver one from captivity.", "2. To rescue, or save.", "Deliver me, O my God, from the hand of the wicked. Ps. 71:4.", "3. To give, or transfer; to put into anothers hand or power; to commit; to pass from one to another.", "Thou shalt deliver Pharoahs cup into his hand. Gen.40:11", "So we say, to deliver goods to a carrier; to deliver a letter; to deliver possession of an estate.", "4. To surrender; to yield; to give up; to resign; as, to deliver a fortress to an enemy. It is often followed by up; as, to deliver up the city; to deliver up stolen goods.", "Th exalted mind", "All sense of woe delivers to the wind.", "5. To disbuden of a child.", "6. To utter; to pronounce; to speak; to send forth in words; as, to deliver a sermon, an address, or an oration.", "7. To exert in motion.", "To deliver to the wind, to cast away; to reject.", "To deliver over, to transfer; to give or pass from one to another; as, to deliver over goods to another.", "2. To surrender or resign; to put into anothers power; to commit to the discretion of; to abandon to.", "Deliver me not over to the will of my enemies. Ps. 27.", "To deliver up, to give up; to surrender.", "DELIVER, a. Free; nimble."], "delivered": ["DELIVERED, pp. Freed; released; transferred or transmitted; passed from one to another; committed; yielded; surrendered; rescued; uttered; pronounced."], "delivering": ["DELIVERING, ppr. Releasing; setting free; rescuing; saving; surrendering; giving over; yielding; resigning."], "deliverable": ["DELIVERABLE, a. That may be or is to be delivered.", "A bill of lading may state that the goods are deliverable to a particular person therein named."], "deliverance": ["DELIVERANCE, n.", "1. Release from captivity, slavery, oppression, or any restraint.", "He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives. Luke 4.", "2. Rescue from danger or any evil.", "God sent me to save your lives by a great deliverance. Gen. 45:7.", "3. The act of bringing forth children.", "4. The act of giving or transferring from one to another.", "5. The act of speaking or pronouncing; utterance. In the three last senses, delivery is now used.", "6. Acquittal of a prisoner, by the verdict of a jury. God send you a good deliverance."], "deliverer": ["DELIVERER, n.", "1. One who delivers; one who releases or rescues; a preserver.", "The Lord raised up a deliverer to Israel. Judges 30.", "2. One who relates, or communicates."], "delivery": ["DELIVERY, n.", "1. The act of delivering.", "2. Release; rescue; as from slavery, restraint, oppression or danger.", "3. Surrender; a giving up.", "4. A giving or passing from one to another; as the delivery of goods, or of a deed.", "5. Utterance; pronunciation; or manner of speaking. He has a good delivery. I was charmed with his graceful delivery.", "6. Childbirth. Is. 26.", "7. Free motion or use of the limbs."], "delusion": ["DELUSION, n. S as z.", "1. The act of deluding; deception; a misleading of the mind. We are all liable to the delusions of artifice.", "2. False representation; illusion; error or mistake proceeding from false views.", "And fondly mournd the dear delusion gone."], "delusive": ["DELUSIVE, a. Apt to deceive; tending to mislead the mind; deceptive; beguiling; as delusive arts; delusive appearances."], "delusiveness": ["DELUSIVENESS, n. The quality of being delusive; tendency to deceive."], "demand": ["DEMAND, v.t. L. To command; to send; hence, to commit or entrust. To ask is to press or urge.", "1. To ask or call for, as one who has a claim or right to receive what is sought; to claim or seek as due by right. The creditor demands principal and interest of his debt. Here the claim is derived from law or justice.", "2. To ask by authority; to require; to seek or claim an answer by virtue of a right or supposed right in the interrogator, derived from his office, station, power or authority.", "The officers of the children of Israel-were beaten, and demanded, wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick. Ex. 5.", "3. To require as necessary or useful; as, the execution of this work demands great industry and care.", "4. To ask; to question; to inquire.", "The soldiers also demanded of him, saying, what shall we do? Luke 3.", "5. To ask or require, as a seller of goods; as, what price do you demand?", "6. To sue for; to seek to obtain by legal process; as, the plaintiff, in his action, demands unreasonable damages.", "In French, demander generally signifies simply to ask, request, or petition, when the answer or thing asked for, is a matter of grace or courtesy. But in English, demand is now seldom used in that sense, and rarely indeed can the French demander be rendered correctly in English by demand, except in the case of the seller of goods, who demands, asks, requires, a certain price for his wares. The common expression, a king sent to demand another kings daughter in marriage, is improper."], "demandable": ["DEMANDABLE, a. That may be demanded, claimed, asked for, or required; as, payment is demandable at the expiration of the credit."], "demandant": ["DEMANDANT, n. One who demands; the plaintiff in a real action; any plaintiff."], "demanded": ["DEMANDED, pp. Called for; claimed; challenged as due; requested; required; interrogated."], "demander": ["DEMANDER, n. One who demands; one who requires with authority; one who claims as due; one who asks; one who seeks to obtain."], "demanding": ["DEMANDING, ppr. Claiming or calling for as due, or by authority; requiring; asking; pursuing a claim by legal process; interrogating."], "demonstrable": ["DEMONSTRABLE, a. That may be demonstrated; that may be proved beyond doubt or contradiction; capable of being shown by certain evidence, or by evidence that admits of no doubt; as, the principles of geometry are demonstrable."], "demonstrableness": ["DEMONSTRABLENESS, n. The quality of being demonstrable."], "demonstrably": ["DEMONSTRABLY, adv. In a manner to preclude doubt; beyond the possibility of contradiction."], "demonstrate": ["DEMONSTRATE, v.t. L. To show.", "1. To show or prove to be certain; to prove beyond the possibility of doubt; to prove in such a manner as to reduce the contrary position to evident absurdity. We demonstrate a problem in geometry, or a proposition in ethics, by showing that the contrary is absurd or impossible."], "demonstrated": ["DEMONSTRATED, pp. Proved beyond the possibility of doubt; rendered certain to the mind."], "demonstrating": ["DEMONSTRATING, ppr. Proving to be certain; evincing beyond the possibility of doubt."], "demonstration": ["DEMONSTRATION, n.", "1. The act of demonstrating, or of exhibiting certain proof.", "2. The highest degree of evidence; certain proof exhibited, or such proof as establishes a fact or proposition beyond a possibility of doubt, or as shows the contrary position to be absurd or impossible.", "3. Indubitable evidence of the senses, or of reason; evidence which satisfies the mind of the certainty of a fact or proposition. Thus we hold that the works of nature exhibit demonstration of the existence of a God.", "4. In logic, a series of syllogisms, all whose premises are either definitions, self-evident truths, or propositions already established.", "5. Show; exhibition.", "6. In anatomy, the exhibition of parts dissected."], "demonstrative": ["DEMONSTRATIVE, a.", "1. Showing or proving by certain evidence; having the power of demonstration; invincibly conclusive; as a demonstrative argument, or demonstrative reasoning.", "2. Having the power of showing with clearness and certainty; as a demonstrative figure in painting."], "demonstratively": ["DEMONSTRATIVELY, adv. With certain evidence; with proof which cannot be questioned; certainly; clearly; convincingly."], "demonstrator": ["DEMONSTRATOR, n.", "1. One who demonstrates; one who proves any thing with certainty, or with indubitable evidence.", "2. In anatomy, one who exhibits the parts when dissected."], "den": ["DEN, n.", "1. A cave or hollow place in the earth; usually applied to a cave, pit, or subterraneous recess, used for concealment, shelter, protection or security; as a lions den; a den of robbers or thieves.", "The beasts go into dens. The children of Israel made themselves dens. Job 37. Judges 6.", "2. As a termination, in names of places, it denotes the place to be in a valley or near a wood.", "DEN, v.i. To dwell as in a den."], "denounce": ["DENOUNCE, v.t. L. To tell, or declare.", "1. To declare solemnly; to proclaim in a threatening manner; to announce or declare, as a threat.", "I denounce to you this day, that ye shall surely perish. Deut. 30.", "So we say, to denounce war; to denounce wrath.", "2. To threaten by some outward sign, or expression.", "His look denounced revenge.", "3. To inform against; to accuse; as, to denounce one for neglect of duty."], "denounced": ["DENOUNCED, pp.", "1. Threatened by open declaration; as, punishment is denounced against the ungodly.", "2. Accused; proclaimed; as, he was denounced as an enemy."], "denouncement": ["DENOUNCEMENT, n. The declaration of a menace, or of evil; denunciation."], "denouncer": ["DENOUNCER, n. One who denounces, or declares a menace.", "Here comes the sad denouncer of my fate."], "denouncing": ["DENOUNCING, ppr. Declaring, as a threat; threatening; accusing."], "deny": ["DENY, v.t.", "1. To contradict; to gainsay; to declare a statement or position not to be true. We deny what another says, or we deny a proposition. We deny the truth of an assertion, or the assertion itself. The sense of this verb is often expressed by no or nay.", "2. To refuse to grant; as, we asked for bread, and the man denied us.", "3. Not to afford; to withhold.", "Who find not Providence all good and wise,", "Alike in what it gives, and what denies?", "4. To disown; to refuse or neglect to acknowledge; not to confess."], "depart": ["DEPART, v.i.", "1. To go or move from.", "Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire. Matt. 25.", "It is followed by from, or from is implied before the place left.", "I will depart to my own land, that is, I will depart from this place to my own land. Num. 10.", "2. To go from; to leave; to desist, as from a practice. Jehu departed not from the sins of Jeroboam. Jehoshaphat departed not from the way of Asa his father."], "departer": ["DEPARTER, n. One who refines metals by separation."], "departing": ["DEPARTING, ppr. Going from; leaving; desisting; forsaking; vanishing; dying.", "DEPARTING, n. A going away; separation."], "department": ["DEPARTMENT, n.", "1. Literally, a separation or division; hence, a separate part, or portion; a division of territory; as the departments of France.", "2. A separate allotment or part of business; a distinct province, in which a class of duties are allotted to a particular person; as the department of state, assigned to the secretary of state; the treasury department; the department of war.", "3. A separate station; as, the admirals had their respective departments. Nearly in this sense, during war, were used in America, the terms, Northern and Southern departments."], "departure": ["DEPARTURE, n.", "1. The act of going away; a moving from or leaving a place; as a departure from London.", "2. Death; decease; removal from the present life.", "The time of my departure is at hand. 2 Tim. 4.", "3. A forsaking; abandonment; as a departure from evil.", "4. A desisting; as a departure from a purpose.", "5. Ruin; destruction. Ezek. 26.", "6. A deviation from the title or defense in pleading.", "7. In navigation, the distance of two places on the same parallel, counted in miles of the equator."], "deposable": ["DEPOSABLE, a. That may be deposed, or deprived of office."], "deposal": ["DEPOSAL, n. The act of deposing, or divesting of office."], "depose": ["DEPOSE, v.t. L. To lay or put.", "1. To lay down; to throw; to let fall; as, the flood deposed fine particles of earth on the bank of the river. In this sense, we now use deposit."], "deposed": ["DEPOSED, pp. Dethroned; degraded; testified."], "deposer": ["DEPOSER, n. One who deposes or degrades from office."], "deposing": ["DEPOSING, ppr. Dethroning; degrading; bearing witness.", "DEPOSING, n. The act of dethroning."], "deprivable": ["DEPRIVABLE, a. That may be deprived.", "A chaplain shall be deprivable by the founder, not by the bishop."], "deprivation": ["DEPRIVATION, n.", "1. The act of depriving; a taking away.", "2. A state of being deprived; loss; want; bereavement by loss of friends or of goods.", "3. In law, the act of divesting a bishop or other clergyman of his spiritual promotion or dignity; the taking away of a preferment; deposition. This is of two kinds; a beneficio, and ab officio. The former is the deprivation of a minister of his living or preferment; the latter, of his order, and otherwise called deposition or degradation."], "deprive": ["DEPRIVE, v.t. L. To take away.", "1. To take from; to bereave of something possessed or enjoyed; followed by of; as, to deprive a man of sight; to deprive one of strength, of reason, or of property. This has a general signification, applicable to a lawful or unlawful taking.", "God hath deprived her of wisdom. Job 39."], "deprived": ["DEPRIVED, pp. Bereft; divested; hindered; stripped of office or dignity; deposed; degraded."], "deprivement": ["DEPRIVEMENT, n. The state of losing or being deprived."], "depriver": ["DEPRIVER, n. He or that which deprives or bereaves."], "depriving": ["DEPRIVING, ppr. Bereaving; taking away what is possessed; divesting; hindering from enjoying; deposing."], "depth": ["DEPTH, n.", "1. Deepness; the distance or measure of a thing from the surface to the bottom, or to the extreme part downwards or inwards. The depth of a river may be ten feet. The depth of the ocean is unfathomable. The depth of a wound may be an inch. In a vertical direction, depth is opposed to highth.", "2. A deep place.", "3. The sea, the ocean.", "The depth closed me round about. Jonah 2.", "4. The abyss; a gulf of infinite profundity.", "When he set a compass on the face of the depth. Prov. 8.", "5. The middle or highth of a season, as the depth of winter; or the middle, the darkest or stillest part, as the depth of night; or the inner part, a part remote from the border, as the depth of a wood or forest.", "6. Abstruseness; obscurity; that which is not easily explored; as the depth of a science.", "7. Unsearchableness; infinity.", "O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God. Rom 11.", "8. The breadth and depth of the love of Christ, are its vast extent.", "9. Profoundness; extent of penetration, or of the capacity of penetrating; as depth of understanding; depth of skill.", "10. The depth of a squadron or battalion, is the number of men in a file, which forms the extent from the front to the rear; as a depth of three men or six men.", "11. Depth of a sail, the extent of the square sails from the head-rope to the foot-rope, or the length of the after-leech of a stay-sail or boom-sail."], "deputation": ["DEPUTATION, n.", "1. The act of appointing a substitute or representative to act for another; the act of appointing and sending a deputy or substitute to transact business for another, as his agent, either with a special commission and authority, or with general powers. This word may be used for the election of representatives to a legislature; but more generally it is employed to express the appointment of a special agent or commissioner, by an individual or public body, to transact a particular business.", "2. A special commission or authority to act as the substitute of another; as, this man acts by deputation from the sheriff.", "3. The person deputed; the person or persons authorized and sent to transact business for another; as, the General sent a deputation to the enemy to offer terms of peace."], "depute": ["DEPUTE, v.t. To appoint as a substitute or agent to act for another; to appoint and send with a special commission or authority to transact business in anothers name. The sheriff deputes a man to serve a writ.", "There is no man deputed by the king to hear. 2 Sam. 15.", "The bishop may depute a priest to administer the sacrement."], "deputed": ["DEPUTED, pp. Appointed as a substitute; appointed and sent with special authority to act for another."], "deputing": ["DEPUTING, ppr. Appointing as a substitute; appointed and sent with special authority to act for another."], "deputize": ["DEPUTIZE, v.t. To appoint a deputy; to empower to act for another, as a sheriff."], "deputy": ["DEPUTY, n.", "1. A person appointed or elected to act for another, especially a person sent with a special commission to act in the place of another; a lieutenant; a viceroy. A prince sends a deputy to a diet or council, to represent him and his dominions. A sheriff appoints a deputy to execute the duties of his office. The towns in New England send deputies to the legislature. In the latter sense, a deputy has general powers, and it is more common to use the word representative.", "2. In law, one that exercises an office in anothers right, and the forfeiture or misdemeanor of such deputy shall cause the person he represents to lose his office."], "deride": ["DERIDE, v.t. L. To laugh. To laugh at in contempt; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to treat with scorn by laughter.", "The Pharisees also-derided him. Luke 16.", "Some, who adore Newton for his fluxions, deride him for his religion."], "derided": ["DERIDED, pp. Laughed at in contempt; mocked; ridiculed."], "derider": ["DERIDER, n.", "1. One who laughs at another in contempt; a mocker; a scoffer.", "2. A droll or buffoon."], "deriding": ["DERIDING, ppr. Laughing at with contempt; mocking; ridiculing."], "deridingly": ["DERIDINGLY, adv. By way of derision or mockery."], "derision": ["DERISION, n.", "1. The act of laughing at in contempt.", "2. Contempt manifested by laughter; scorn.", "I am in derision daily. Jer. 20.", "3. An object of derision or contempt; a laughing-stock.", "I was a derision to all my people. Lam 3."], "derisive": ["DERISIVE, a. Containing derision; mocking; ridiculing.", "Derisive taunts."], "derisively": ["DERISIVELY, adv. With mockery or contempt."], "descend": ["DESCEND, v.i. L. To climb.", "1. To move or pass from a higher to a lower place; to move, come or go downwards; to fall; to sink; to run or flow down; applicable to any kind of motion or of body. We descend on the feet, on wheels, or by falling. A torrent descends from a mountain.", "The rains descended, and the floods came. Matt. 7.", "2. To go down, or to enter.", "He shall descend into battle and perish. Sam. 26.", "3. To come suddenly; to fall violently.", "And on the suitors let thy wrath descend.", "4. To go in; to enter.", "He, with honest meditations fed, into himself descended.", "5. To rush; to invade, as an enemy.", "The Grecian fleet descending on the town.", "6. To proceed from a source or original; to be derived. The beggar may descend from a prince, and the prince, from a beggar.", "7. To proceed, as from father to son; to pass from a preceding possessor, in the order of lineage, or according to the laws of succession or inheritance. Thus, an inheritance descends to the son or next of kin; a crown descends to the heir.", "8. To pass from general to particular considerations; as, having explained the general subject, we will descend to particulars.", "9. To come down from an elevated or honorable station; in a figurative sense. Flavius is an honorable man; he cannot descend to acts of meanness.", "10. In music, to fall in sound; to pass from any note to another less acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat.", "DESCEND, v.t. To walk, move or pass downwards on a declivity; as, to descend a hill; to descend an inclined plain. But this may be considered as elliptical; on or along being understood."], "descendant": ["DESCENDANT, n. Any person proceeding from an ancestor in any degree; issue; offspring, in the line of generation, ad infinitum. We are all the descendants of Adam and Eve."], "descendent": ["DESCENDENT, a.", "1. Descending; falling; sinking.", "2. Proceeding from an original or ancestor."], "descendibility": ["DESCENDIBILITY, n. The quality of being descendible, or capable of being trnasmitted from ancestors; as the descendibility of an estate or of a crown."], "descendible": ["DESCENDIBLE, a.", "1. That may be descended, or passed down; as, the hill is descendible.", "2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir; as a descendible estate."], "descent": ["DESCENT, n.", "1. The act of descending; the act of passing from a higher to a lower place, by any form of motion, as by walking, riding, rolling, sliding, sinking or falling.", "2. Inclination downward; obliquity; slope; declivity; as the descent of a hill, or a roof.", "3. Progress downward; as the descent from higher to lower orders of beings.", "4. Fall from a higher to a lower state or station.", "5. A landing from ships; invasion of troops from the sea; as, to make a descent on Cuba.", "6. A passing from an ancestor to an heir; transmission by succession or inheritance, as the descent of an estate or a title from the father to the son. Descent is lineal, when it proceeds directly from the father to the son, and from the son to the grandson; collateral, when it proceeds from a man to his brother, nephew or other collateral representative.", "7. A proceeding from an original or progenitor. The Jews boast of their descent from Abraham. Hence,", "8. Birth; extraction; lineage; as a noble descent.", "9. A generation; a single degree in the scale of genealogy; distance from the common ancestor.", "No man is a thousand descents from Adam.", "10. Offspring; issue; descendants.", "The care of our descent perplexes most.", "11. A rank in the scale of subordination.", "12. Lowest place.", "13. In music, a passing from a note or sound to one more grave or less acute."], "describable": ["DESCRIBABLE, a. That may be described; capable of description."], "describe": ["DESCRIBE, v.t. L. To write.", "1. To delineate or mark the form or figure; as, to describe a circle by the compasses.", "2. To make or exhibit a figure by motion; as, a star describes a circle or an ellipsis in the heavens.", "3. To show or represent to others in words; to communicate the resemblance of a thing, by naming its nature, form or properties. The poet describes the Trojan horse. The historian describes the battle of Pharsalia. The moralist describes the effects of corrupt manners. The geographer describes countries and cities.", "4. To represent by signs. A deaf and dumb man may describe a distant object. Our passions may be described by external motions.", "5. To draw a plan; to represent by lines and other marks on paper, or other material; as, to describe the surface of the earth by a map or chart.", "6. To define laxly."], "described": ["DESCRIBED, pp. Represented in form by marks or figures; delineated; represented by words or signs."], "describer": ["DESCRIBER, n. One who describes by marks, words or signs."], "describing": ["DESCRIBING, ppr. Representing the form or figure of, by lines or marks; communicating a view of, by words or signs, or by naming the nature and properties."], "descried": ["DESCRIED, pp. Espied; discovered; seen."], "descry": ["DESCRY, v.t.", "1. To espy; to explore; to examine by observation.", "The house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. Judges 1.", "2. To detect; to find out; to discover any thing concealed.", "3. To see; to behold; to have a sight of from a distance; as, the seamen descried land.", "4. To give notice of something suddenly discovered.", "DESCRY, n. Discovery; thing descovered."], "descrying": ["DESCRYING, ppr. Descovering; espying."], "description": ["DESCRIPTION, n.", "1. The act of delineating, or representing the figure of any thing by a plan, to be presented to the eye.", "2. The figure or appearance of any thing delineated, or represented by visible lines, marks, colors, &c.; as the description of a country, or of Solomons temple.", "3. The act of representing a thing by words or by signs, or the passage containing such representation; a representation of names, nature of properties, that gives to another a view of the thing. Homer abounds with beautiful and striking descriptions.", "4. A definition. All definitions must be less perfect descriptions of a material thing, than a visible figure or delineation.", "5. The qualities expressed in a representation; as, a man of this description. Hence,", "6. The persons having the qualities expressed; a class of persons to whom a description is applicable, or who are in a similar condition.", "The secretary proceeds to examine, whether a difference ought to be permitted to remain between them and another description of public creditors.", "Persons of different descriptions."], "desert": ["DESERT, a. S as z L. To sow, plant or scatter.", "1. Literally, forsaken; hence, uninhabited; as a desert isle. Hence, wild; untilled; waste; uncultivated; as a desert land or country.", "2. Void; emprty; unoccupied.", "Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, and waste its sweetness on the desert air.", "DESERT, n. An uninhabited tract of land; a region in its natural state; a wilderness; a solitude; particularly, a vast sandy plain, as the deserts of Arabia and Africa. But the word may be applied to an uninhabited country covered with wood.", "DESERT, v.t. L. To forsake.", "1. To forsake; to leave utterly; to abandon; to quit with a view not to return to; as, to desert a friend; to desert our country; to desert a cause.", "2. To leave, without permission, a military band, or a ship, in which one is enlisted; to forsake the service in which one is engaged, in violation of duty; as, to desert the army; to desert ones colors; to desert a ship.", "DESERT, v.i. To run away; to quit a service without permission; as, to desert from the army.", "DESERT, n.", "1. A deserving; that which gives a right to reward or demands, or which renders liable to punishment; merit or demerit; that which entitles to a recompense of equal to the offense; good conferred, or evil done, which merits an equivalent return. A wise legislature will reward or punish men according to their deserts.", "2. That which is deserved; reward or punishment merited. In a future life, every man will receive his desert."], "deserted": ["DESERTED, pp. Wholly forsaken; abandoned; left."], "deserter": ["DESERTER, n. A person who forsakes his cause, his post, or his party or friend; particularly, a soldier or seaman who quits the service without permission, and in violation of his engagement."], "desertful": ["DESERTFUL, a. High in desert; meritorious."], "deserting": ["DESERTING, ppr. Forsaking utterly; abandoning."], "desertion": ["DESERTION, n.", "1. The act of forsaking or abandoning, as a party, a friend, a country, an army or military band, or a ship; the act of quitting, with an intention not to return.", "2. The state of being forsaken by God; spiritual despondency.", "The agonies of a soul under desertion."], "deserve": ["DESERVE, v.t. L. To serve.", "1. To merit; to be worthy of; applied to good or evil.", "2. To merit by labor or services; to have a just claim to an equivalent for good conferred. The laborer deserves his wages; he deserves the value of his services.", "3. To merit by good actions or qualities in general; to be worthy of, on account of excellence. The virtuous man deserves esteem and commendation. A work of value deserves praise.", "4. To be worthy of, in a bad sense; to merit by an evil act; as, to deserve blame or punishment.", "God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth. Job 11.", "DESERVE, v.i. To merit; to be worthy of or deserving; as, he deserves well or ill of his neighbor."], "deserved": ["DESERVED, pp. Merited; worthy of."], "deserver": ["DESERVER, n. He who deserves or merits; one who is worthy of; used generally in a good sense."], "deserving": ["DESERVING, ppr.", "1. Meriting; having a just claim to reward; justly meriting punishment.", "2. Worthy of reward or praise; meritorious; possessed of good qualities that entitle to approbation; as a deserving officer.", "DESERVING, n. The act of meriting; desert; merit.", "If ye have done to him according to the deserving of his hands. Judges 9."], "deservingly": ["DESERVINGLY, adv. Meritoriously; with just desert."], "desirable": ["DESIRABLE, a.", "1. Worthy of desire; that is to be wished for with sincerity or earnestness. An easy address is a desirable accomplishment; real virtue is still more desirable.", "2. Pleasing; agreeable.", "All of them desirable young men. Ezek. 23."], "desirableness": ["DESIRABLENESS,n. The quality of being desirable."], "desire": ["DESIRE, n.", "1. An emotion or excitement of the mind, directed to the attainment or possession of an object from which pleasure, sensual, intellectual or spiritual, is expected; a passion excited by the love of an object, or uneasiness at the want of it, and directed to its attainment or possession. Desire is a wish to possess some gratification or source of happiness which is supposed to be obtainable. A wish may exist for something that is or is not abtainable. Desire, when directed solely to sensual enjoyment, differs little from appetite. In other languages, desire is expressed by longing or reaching toward, and when it is ardent or intense, it approaches to longing, but the word in English usually expresses less than longing.", "We endeavored-to see your face with great desire. 1 Thess. 2.", "Thou satisfiest the desires of every living thing. Ps. 145.", "Desire is that internal act, which, by influencing the will, makes us proceed to action.", "2. A prayer or request to obtain:", "He will fulfill the desire of them that fear him. Ps. 145.", "3. The object of desire; that which is desired.", "The desire of all nations shall come. Hag. 2.", "4. Love; affection.", "His desire is toward me. Cant. 7.", "5. Appetite; lust.", "Fulfilling the desires of the flesh. Eph. 2.", "DESIRE, v.t.", "1. To wish for the possession or enjoyment of, with a greater or less degree of earnestness; to covet. It expresses less strength of affection than longing.", "Neither shall any man desire thy land. Ex. 34.", "Follow after charity, and desire spiritual gifts. 1 Cor. 14.", "2. To express a wish to obtain; to ask; to request; to petition.", "Then she said, did I desire a son of my Lord? 2 Kings 4.", "3. To require."], "desired": ["DESIRED, pp. Wished for; coveted; requested; entreated."], "desirer": ["DESIRER, n. One who desires or asks; one who wishes."], "desiring": ["DESIRING, ppr. Wishing for; coveting; asking; expressing a wish; soliciting."], "desirous": ["DESIROUS, a. Wishing for; wishing to obtain; coveting; solicitous to possess and enjoy.", "Be not desirous of his dainties. Prov. 23.", "Jesus knew they were desirous to ask him. John 16."], "desirously": ["DESIROUSLY, adv. With desire; with earnest wishes."], "desirousness": ["DESIROUSNESS, n. The state or affection of being desirous."], "desolate": ["DESOLATE, a.", "1. Destitute or deprived of inhabitants; desert; uninhabited; denoting either stripped of inhabitants, or never having been inhabitated; as a desolate isle; a desolate wilderness.", "I will make the cities of Judah desolate, without an inhabitant. Jer. 9.", "2. Laid waste; in a ruinous condition; neglected; destroyed; as desolate altars; desolate towers. Ezek. Zeph.", "3. Solitary; without a companion; afflicted.", "Tamar remained desolate in Absaloms house. 2 Sam. 13.", "4. Deserted of God; deprived of comfort.", "My heart within me is desolate. Ps. 143."], "desolated": ["DESOLATED, pp. Deprived of inhabitants; wasted; ruined."], "desolately": ["DESOLATELY, adv. In a desolate manner."], "desolating": ["DESOLATING, ppr. Depriving of inhabitants; wasting; ravaging."], "desolation": ["DESOLATION, n.", "1. The act of desolating destruction or expulsion of inhabitants; destruction; ruin; waste.", "Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation. Matt. 12.", "2. A place deprived of inhabitants, or otherwise wasted, ravaged and ruined.", "How is Babylon become a desolation among the nations. Jer. 50.", "3. A desolate state; gloominess; sadness; destitution.", "The abomination of desolation, Roman armies which ravaged and destroyed Jerusalem. Matt. 24."], "despair": ["DESPAIR, n.", "1. Hopelessness; a hopeless state; a destitution of hope or expectation.", "We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor. 4.", "All safety in despair of safety placed.", "2. That which causes despair; that of which there is no hope.", "The mere despair of surgery, he cures.", "3. Loss of hope in the mercy of God.", "DESPAIR, v.i. L. To hope. To be without hope; to hive up all hope or expectation; followed by of.", "We despaired even of life. 2 Cor. 1.", "Never despair of Gods blessings here, or of his reward hereafter."], "despairer": ["DESPAIRER, n. One without hope."], "despairful": ["DESPAIRFUL, a. Hopeless."], "despairing": ["DESPAIRING, ppr. Giving up all hope or expectation."], "despairingly": ["DESPAIRINGLY, adv. In a despairing manner; in a manner indicating hopelessness; as, he speaks despairingly of the sick mans recovery."], "desperate": ["DESPERATE, a. L. To despair.", "1. Without hope.", "I am desperate of obtaining her.", "2. Without care of safety; rash; fearless of danger; as a desperate man. Hence,", "3. Furious, as a man in despair.", "4. Hopeless; despaired of; lost beyond hope of recovery; irretrievable; irrecoverable; forlorn. We speak of a desperate case of disease, desperate fortunes, a desperate situation or condition.", "5. In a popular sense, great in the extreme; as a desperate sot or fool."], "desperately": ["DESPERATELY, adv.", "1. In a desperate manner; as in despair; hence, furiously; with rage; madly; without regard to danger or safety; as, the troops fought desperately.", "2. In a popular sense, greatly; extremely; violently.", "She fell desperately in love with him."], "desperateness": ["DESPERATENESS, n. Madness; fury; rash precipitance."], "desperation": ["DESPERATION, n.", "1. A despairing; a giving up of hope; as desperation of success.", "2. Hopelessness; despair; as, the men were in a state of desperation. Hence,", "3. Fury; rage; disregard of safety or danger; as, the men fought with desperation; they were urged to desperation."], "despisable": ["DESPISABLE, a. Despicable; contemptible."], "despisal": ["DESPISAL, n. Contempt."], "despise": ["DESPISE, .v.t.", "1. To contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have the lowest opinion of.", "Fools despise wisdom and instruction. Prov. 1.", "Else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Matt. 6.", "2. To abhor."], "despised": ["DESPISED, pp. Contemned; disdained; abhorred."], "despiser": ["DESPISER, n. A contemner; a scorner."], "despising": ["DESPISING, ppr. Contemning; scorning; disdaining.", "DESPISING, n. Contempt."], "despisingly": ["DESPISINGLY, adv. With contempt."], "despite": ["DESPITE, n.", "1. Extreme malice; violent hatred; malignity; malice irritated or enraged; active malignity; angry hatred.", "With all thy despite against the land of israel. Ezek. 25.", "2. Defiance with contempt, or contempt of opposition.", "He will rise to fame in despite of his enemies."], "despiteful": ["DESPITEFUL, a. Full of spite; malicious; malignant; as a despiteful enemy.", "Hater of God, despiteful, proud, boasters. Rom. 1."], "despitefulness": ["DESPITEFULNESS, n. Malice; extreme hatred; malignity."], "despiteous": ["DESPITEOUS, a. Malicious."], "despiteously": ["DESPITEOUSLY, adv.. Furiously."], "despitefully": ["DESPITEFULLY, adv. With despite; maliciously; contemptuously.", "Pray for them that despitefully use you. Matt. 5."], "destitute": ["DESTITUTE, a. L. To set. Literally, set from or away.", "1. Not having or possessing; wanting; as destitute of virtue, or of peity; destitute of food and clothing. It differs from deprived, as it does not necessarily imply previous possession.", "2. Needy; abject; comfortless; friendless.", "He will regard the prayer of the destitute. Ps. 102.", "DESTITUTE, n. One who is without friends or comfort.", "DESTITUTE, v.t.", "1. To forsake.", "2. To deprive."], "destitution": ["DESTITUTION, n. Want; absence of a thing; a state in which something is wanted or not possessed; poverty."], "destroy": ["DESTROY, v.t. L. To pile, to build.", "1. To demolish; to pull down; to separate the parts of an edifice, the union of which is necessary to constitute the thing; as, to destroy a house or temple; to destroy a fortification.", "2. To ruin; to annihilate a thing by demolishing or by burning; as, to destroy a city.", "3. To ruin; to bring to naught; to annihilate; as, to destroy a theory or scheme; to destroy a government; to destroy influence.", "4. To lay waste; to make desolate.", "Go up against this land, and destroy it. Is. 36.", "5. To kill; to slay; to extirpate; applied to men or other animals.", "Ye shall destroy all this people. Num. 32.", "All the wicked will he destroy. Ps. 145.", "6. To take away; to cause to cease; to put an end to; as, pain destroys happiness.", "That the body of sin might be destroyed. Rom 6.", "7. To kill; to eat; to devour; to consume. Birds destroy insects. Hawks destroy chickens.", "8. In general, to put an end to; to annihilate a thing or the form in which it exists. An army is destroyed by slaughter, capture or dispersion; a forest, by the ax, or by fire; towns, by fire or inundation, &c.", "9. In chimistry, to resolve a body into its parts or elements."], "destroyed": ["DESTROYED, pp. Demolished; pulled down; ruined; annihilated; devoured; swept away; &c."], "destroying": ["DESTROYING, ppr. Demolishing; laying waste; killing; annihilating; putting an end to.", "DESTROYING, n. Destruction."], "destroyable": ["DESTROYABLE, a. That may be destroyed.", "Plants scarcely destroyable by the weather."], "destroyer": ["DESTROYER, n. One who destroys, or lays waste; one who kills a man, or an animal, or who ruins a country, cities, &c."], "destruct": ["DESTRUCT, fro destroy, is not used."], "destructibility": ["DESTRUCTIBILITY, n. The quality of being capable of destruction."], "destructible": ["DESTRUCTIBLE, a. L. Liable to destruction; capable of being destroyed."], "destruction": ["DESTRUCTION, n.", "1. The act of destroying; demolition; a pulling down; subversion; ruin, by whatever means; as the destruction of buildings, or of towns. Destruction consists in the annihilation of the form of any theing; that form of parts which constitues it what it is; as the destruction of grass or herbage by eating; of a forest, by cutting down the trees; or it denotes a total annihilation; as the destruction of a particular government; the destruction of happiness.", "2. Death; murder; slaughter; massacre.", "There was a deadly destruction throughout all the city. 1 Sam. 5.", "3. Ruin.", "Destruction and misery are in their ways. Rom. 3.", "4. Eternal death.", "Broad is the way that leadeth to destruction. Matt. 7.", "5. Cause of destruction; a consuming plague; a destroyer.", "The destruction that wasteth at noon-day. Ps. 91."], "destructive": ["DESTRUCTIVE, a. Causing destruction; having the quality of destroying; ruinous; mischievous; pernicious; with of or to; as a destructive fire or famine. Intemperance is destructive of health; evil examples are destructive to the morals of youth."], "destructively": ["DESTRUCTIVELY, adv. With destruction; ruinously; mischievously; with power to destroy; as destructively lewd or intemperate."], "destructiveness": ["DESTRUCTIVENESS, n. The quality of destroying or ruining."], "detained": ["DETAINED, pp. Withheld; kept back; prevented from going or coming; held; restrained."], "detainer": ["DETAINER, n.", "1. One who withholds what belongs to another; one who detains, stops or prevents from going.", "2. In law, a holding or keeping possession of what belongs to another; detention of what is anothers, though the original taking may be lawful."], "detaining": ["DETAINING, ppr. Withholding what belongs to another; holding back; restraining from going or coming; holding in custody."], "detainment": ["DETAINMENT, n. The act of detaining; detention."], "determinable": ["DETERMINABLE, a. See Determine.", "1. That may be decided with certainty.", "2. That may end or be determined."], "determinate": ["DETERMINATE, a. L.", "1. Limited; fixed; definite; as a determinate quantity of matter.", "2. Established; settled; positive; as a determinate rule or order.", "The determinate counsel of God. Acts 2.", "3. Decisive; conclusive; as a determinate resolution or judgment.", "4. Resolved on.", "5. Fixed; resolute.", "DETERMINATE, v.t. To limit. Not used. See Determine."], "determinately": ["DETERMINATELY, adv.", "1. With certainty.", "The principles of religion are determinately true or false.", "2. Resolutely; with fixed resolve. Unusual."], "determinateness": ["DETERMINATENESS, n. The state of being determinate, certain, or precise."], "determination": ["DETERMINATION, n.", "1. The act of determining or deciding.", "2. Decision of a question in the mind; firm resolution; settled purpose; as, they have acquainted me with their determination.", "3. Judicial decision; the ending of a controversy or suit by the judgment of a court. Justice is promoted by a speedy determination of causes, civil and criminal.", "4. Absolute direction to a certain end.", "Remissness can by no means consist with a constant determination of the will to the greatest apparent good.", "5. An ending; a putting an end to; as the determination of a will."], "determinative": ["DETERMINATIVE, a.", "1. That uncontrollably directs to a certain end.", "The determinative power of a just cause.", "2. Limiting; that limits or bounds; as, a word may be determinative and limit the subject."], "determinator": ["DETERMINATOR, n. One who determines."], "determine": ["DETERMINE, v.t. L., to bound; a boundary or limit. Gr. See Term.", "1. To end; particularly, to end by the decision or conclusion of a cause, or of a doubtful or controverted point; applicable to the decisions of the mind, or to judicial decisions. We say, I had determined this question in my own mind; the court has determined the cause.", "2. To end and fix; to settle ultimately; as, this event determined his fate.", "3. To fix on; to settle or establish; as, to determine the proper season for planting seeds.", "God--hath determined the times before appointed. Acts 17.", "4. To end; to limit; to bound; to confine. Yonder hill determines our view. Knowledge is determined by the sight.", "5. To give a direction to; to influence the choice; that is, to limit to a particular purpose or direction; as, this circumstance determined him to the study of law. Also, to give a direction to material bodies in their course; as, impulse may determine a moving body to this or that point.", "6. To resolve, that is, to end or settle a point in the mind, as in Definition first.", "I determined this with myself. 2 Corinthians 2.", "Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus. Acts 20.", "7. To destroy. Not used.", "8. To put an end to; as, to determine a will.", "9. To settle or ascertain, as something uncertain.", "The character of the soul is determined by the character of its God.", "DETERMINE, v.i.", "1. To resolve; to conclude; to come to a decision.", "He shall pay as the judges determine. Exodus 21.", "It is indifferent how the learned shall determine concerning this matter.", "2. To end; to terminate. The danger determined by the death of the conspirators. Revolutions often determine in setting up tyranny at home, or in conquest from abroad.", "Some estates may determine, on future contingencies."], "determined": ["DETERMINED, pp.", "1. Ended; concluded; decided; limited; fixed; settled; resolved; directed.", "2. a. Having a firm or fixed purpose, as a determined man; or manifesting a firm resolution, as a determined countenance."], "determining": ["DETERMINING, ppr. Ending; deciding; fixing; settling; resolving; limiting; directing."], "detest": ["DETEST, v.t. L., to affirm or bear witness. The primary sense of testor is to set, throw or thrust. To detest is to thrust away. To abhor; to abominate; to hate extremely; as, to detest crimes or meanness."], "detestable": ["DETESTABLE, a. Extremely hateful; abominable; very odious; deserving abhorrence.", "Thou hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things. Ezekiel 5."], "detestableness": ["DETESTABLENESS, n. Extreme hatefulness."], "detestably": ["DETESTABLY, adv. Very hatefully; abominably."], "detestation": ["DETESTATION, n. Extreme hatred; abhorrence; with of. The good man entertains uniformly a detestation of sin."], "detested": ["DETESTED, pp. Hated extremely; abhorred."], "detester": ["DETESTER, n. One who abhors."], "detesting": ["DETESTING, ppr. Hating extremely; abhorring; abominating."], "device": ["DEVICE, n. L.", "1. That which is formed by design, or invented; scheme; artificial contrivance; stratagem; project; sometimes in a good sense; more generally in a bad sense, as artifices are usually employed for bad purposes.", "In a good sense:", "His device is against Babylon, to destroy it. Jeremiah 51.", "In a bad sense:", "He disappointeth the devices of the crafty. Job 5.", "They imagined a mischievous device. Psalm 212.", "2. An emblem intended to represent a family, person, action or quality, with a suitable motto; used in painting, sculpture and heraldry. It consists in a metaphorical similitude between the things representing and represented, as the figure of a plow representing agriculture.", "Knights-errant used to distinguish themselves by devices on their shields.", "3. Invention; genius; faculty of devising; as a man of noble device.", "4. A spectacle or show."], "deviceful": ["DEVICEFUL, a. Full of devices; inventive."], "devil": ["DEVIL, n. Devl. L., to calumniate.", "1. In the Christian theology, an evil spirit or being; a fallen angel, expelled from heaven for rebellion against God; the chief of the apostate angels; the implacable enemy and tempter of the human race. In the New Testament, the word is frequently and erroneously used for demon.", "2. A very wicked person, and in ludicrous language, an great evil. In profane language, it is an expletive expressing wonder, vexation, &c.", "3. An idol, or false god. Leviticus 17. 2 Chronicles 11."], "deviling": ["DEVILING, n. A young devil. Not in use."], "devilism": ["DEVILISM, n. The state of devils. Not used."], "devilize": ["DEVILIZE, v.t. To place among devils. Not used."], "devilish": ["DEVILISH, a.", "1. Partaking of the qualities of the devil; diabolical; very evil and mischievous; malicious; as a devilish scheme; devilish wickedness.", "2. Having communication with the devil; pertaining to the devil.", "3. Excessive; enormous; in a vulgar and ludicrous sense; as a devilish cheat."], "devilishness": ["DEVILISHNESS, n. The qualities of the devil."], "devisable": ["DEVISABLE, a. s as z. See the Verb.", "1. That may be bequeathed or given by will.", "2. That can be invented or contrived."], "devise": ["DEVISE, v.t. s as z. L.", "1. To invent; to contrive; to form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts; to excogitate; to strike out by thought; to plan; to scheme; to project; as, to devise an engine or machine; to devise a new mode of writing; to devise a plan of defense; to devise arguments.", "To devise curious works in gold and silver. Exodus 35.", "In a bad sense:", "Devise not evil against thy neighbor. Proverbs 3.", "2. To give or bequeath by will, as land or other real estate.", "DEVISE, v.i. To consider; to contrive; to lay a plan; to form a scheme.", "Devise how you will use him, when he comes.", "Formerly followed by of; as, let us devise of ease.", "DEVISE, n.", "1. Primarily, a dividing or division; hence, the act of bequeathing by will; the act of giving or distributing real estate by a testator.", "2. A will or testament.", "3. A share of estate bequeathed.", "DEVISE, n. Contrivance; scheme invented."], "devised": ["DEVISED, pp. Given by will; bequeathed; contrived."], "deviser": ["DEVISER, n. One who contrives or invents; a contriver; an inventor."], "devising": ["DEVISING, ppr.", "1. Contriving; inventing; forming a scheme or plan.", "2. Giving by will; bequeathing."], "devote": ["DEVOTE, v.t. L., to vow.", "1. To appropriate by vow; to set apart ro dedicate by a solemn act; to consecrate.", "No devoted thing that a man shall devote to the Lord--shall be sold or redeemed. Every thing devoted thing is most holy to the Lord. Leviticus 27.", "2. To give up wholly; to addict; to direct the attention wholly or chiefly; to attach; as, to devote ones self to science; to devote ourselves to our friends, or to their interest or pleasure.", "3. To give up; to resign; as, aliens were devoted to rapine; the city was devoted to the flames.", "4. To doom; to consign over; as, to devote one to destruction.", "5. To execrate; to doom to evil.", "DEVOTE, a. Devoted.", "DEVOTE, n. A devotee."], "devoted": ["DEVOTED, pp. Appropriated by vow; solemnly set apart or dedicated; consecrated; addicted; given up; doomed; consigned."], "devotement": ["DEVOTEMENT, n.", "1. Devotedness; devotion.", "2. Vowed dedication."], "devoter": ["DEVOTER, n. One that devotes; also, a worshiper."], "devoting": ["DEVOTING, ppr. Giving or appropriating by vow; solemnly setting apart or dedicating; consecrating; giving wholly; addicting; dooming; consigning."], "devotion": ["DEVOTION, n.", "1. The state of being dedicated, consecrated, or solemnly set apart for a particular purpose.", "2. A solemn attention to the Supreme Being in worship; a yielding of the heart and affections to God, with reverence, faith and piety, in religious duties, particularly in prayer and meditation; devoutness.", "3. External worship; acts of religion; performance of religious duties.", "As I passed by and beheld your devotions. Acts 17.", "4. Prayer to the Supreme Being. A Christian will be regular in his morning and evening devotions.", "5. An act of reverence, respect or ceremony.", "6. Ardent love or affection; attachment manifested by constant attention; as, the duke was distinguished by his devotion to the king, and to the interest of the nation.", "7. Earnestness; ardor; eagerness.", "He seeks their hate with greater devotion than they can render it him.", "8. Disposal; power of disposing of; state of dependence.", "Arundel castle would keep that rich corner of the country at his majestys devotion."], "devotional": ["DEVOTIONAL, a.", "1. Pertaining to devotion; used in devotion; as a devotional posture; devotional exercises.", "2. Suited to devotion; as a devotional frame of mind."], "devour": ["DEVOUR, v.t. L., to eat.", "1. To eat up; to eat with greediness; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or as a hungry man.", "We will say, some evil beast hath devoured him. Genesis 37.", "In the morning, he shall devour the prey. Genesis 49.", "2. To destroy; to consume with rapidity and violence.", "I will send a fire into the house of Hazael, which shall devour the palaces of Ben-Hadad. Amos 1.", "Famine and pestilence shall devour him. Ezekiel 7.", "3. To destroy; to annihilate; to consume.", "He seemed in swiftness to devour the way.", "4. To waste; to consume; to spend in dissipation and riot.", "As soon as this thy son had come, who hath devoured thy living with harlots. Luke 15.", "5. To consume wealth and substance by fraud, oppression, or illegal exactions.", "Ye devour widows houses. Matthew 23.", "6. To destroy spiritually; to ruin the soul.", "Your adversary, the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour. 1 Peter 5.", "7. To slay.", "The sword shall devour the young lions. Nahum 2.", "8. To enjoy with avidity.", "Longing they look, and gaping at the sight, devour her oer and oer with vast delight."], "devoured": ["DEVOURED, pp. Eaten; swallowed with greediness; consumed; destroyed; wasted; slain."], "devourer": ["DEVOURER, n. One who devours; he or that which eats, consumes or destroys; he that preys on."], "devouring": ["DEVOURING, ppr. Eating greedily; consuming; wasting; destroying; annihilating."], "devouringly": ["DEVOURINGLY, adv. In a devouring manner."], "devout": ["DEVOUT, a. L. See Devote.", "1. Yielding a solemn and reverential attention to God in religious exercises, particularly in prayer.", "We must be constant and devout in the worship of God.", "2. Pious; devoted to religion; religious.", "Simeon was a just man and devout. Luke 2.", "Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. Acts 8.", "3. Expressing devotion or piety; as, with eyes devout.", "4. Sincere; solemn; earnest; as, you have my devout wishes for your safety.", "DEVOUT, n. A devotee. Not used."], "devoutness": ["DEVOUTNESS, n. The quality or state of being devout."], "dew": ["DEW, n. G. To thaw. The water or moisture collected or deposited on or near the surface of the earth, during the night, by the escape of the heat which held the water in solution.", "DEW, v.t To wet with dew; to moisten."], "dewed": ["DEWED, pp. Moistened with dew."], "dewing": ["DEWING, ppr. Wetting or moistening the dew."], "di": ["DI, a prefix, a contraction of dis, denotes from, separation or negation, or two."], "dis": ["DIS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, from the Latin, whence Fr. Des, Sp. Dis, and de may in some instances be the same word contracted. Dis denotes separation, a parting from; hence it has the force of a privative and negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. In some cases, it still signifies separation, as in distribute, disconnect."], "diadem": ["DIADEM, n. Gr., to gird; to bind. L.", "1. Anciently, a head-band or fillet worn by kings as a badge or royalty. It was made of silk, linen or wool, and tied round the temples and forehead, the ends being tied behind and let fall on the neck. It was usually white and plain; sometimes embroidered with gold, or set with pearls and precious stones.", "2. In modern usage, the mark or badge of royalty, worn on the head; a crown; and figuratively, empire; supreme power.", "3. A distinguished or principal ornament.", "A diadem of beauty. Isaiah 28."], "diademed": ["DIADEMED, a. Adorned with a diadem; crowned; ornamented."], "dial": ["DIAL, n. An instrument for measuring time, by the aid of the sun; being a plate or plain surface, on which lines are drawn in such a manner, that the shadow of a wire, or of the upper edge of another plane, erected perpendicularly on the former, may show the true time of the day. The edge of the plane, which shows the time, is called the stile of the dial, and this must be parallel to the axis of the earth. The line on which this plane is erected, is called the substile; and the angle included between the substile and stile, is called the elevation or highth of the stile. A dial may be horizontal, vertical, or inclining."], "dialing": ["DIALING, n. The art of constructing dials, or of drawing dials on a plane. The sciateric science, or knowledge of showing the time by shadows."], "diamond": ["DIAMOND, n. Dimond. L., Gr. See Adamant.", "1. A mineral, gem or precious stone, of the most valuable kind, remarkable for its hardness, as it scratches all other minerals. When pure, the diamond is usually clear and transparent, but it is sometimes colored. In its rough state, it is commonly in the form of a roundish pebble, or of octahedral crystals. It consists of carbon, and when heated to 14 degrees Wedgewood, and exposed to a current of air, it is gradually, but completely combustible. When pure and transparent, it is said to be of the first water.", "2. A very small printing letter.", "3. A figure, otherwise called a rhombus.", "DIAMOND, a. Resembling a diamond, as a diamond color; or consisting of diamonds, as a diamond chain."], "diamonded": ["DIAMONDED, a. Having the figure of an oblique angled parallelogram, or rhombus."], "did": ["DID, pret of do, contracted from doed. I did, thou didst, he did; we did, you or ye did, they did.", "Have ye not read what David did when he was hungry? Matthew 12.", "The proper signification is, made, executed, performed; but it is used also to express the state of health.", "And Mordecai walked every day before the court of the womens house, to know how Esther did. Esther 2.", "Did is used as the sign of the past tense of verbs, particularly in interrogative and negative sentences; as, did he command you to go? He did not command me. It is also used to express emphasis; as, I did love him beyond measure."], "die": ["DIE, v.i. See Day.", "1. To be deprived of respiration, of the circulation of blood, and other bodily functions, and rendered incapable of resuscitation, as animals, either by natural decay, by disease, or by violence; to cease to live; to expire; to decease; to perish; and with respect to man, to depart from this world.", "All the first born in the land of Egypt shall die. Exodus 11.", "The fish that is in the river shall die. Exodus 7.", "This word is followed by of or by. Men die of disease; of a fever; of sickness; of a fall; of grief. They die by the sword; by famine; by pestilence; by violence; by sickness; by disease. In some cases, custom has established the use of the one, to the exclusion of the other; but in many cases, either by or of may be used at the pleasure of the writer or speaker. The use of for, he died for thirst, is not elegant nor common.", "2. To be punished with death; to lose life for a crime, or for the sake of another.", "I will relieve my master, if I die for it. Christ died for the ungodly. Romans 5.", "Christ died for our sins. 1 Corinthians 15.", "3. To come to an end; to cease; to be lost; to perish or come to nothing; as, let the secret die in your own breast.", "4. To sink; to faint.", "His heart died withing him, and he became as a stone. 1 Samuel 25.", "5. To languish with pleasure or tenderness; followed by away.", "To sounds of heavenly harps she dies away.", "6. To languish with affection.", "The young men acknowledged that they died for Rebecca.", "7. To recede as sound, and become less distinct; to become less and less; or to vanish from the sight, or disappear gradually. Sound or color dies away.", "8. To lose vegetable life; to wither; to perish; as plants or seeds. Plants die for want of water. Some plants die annually.", "9. To become vapid or spiritless, as liquors; mostly used in the participle; as the cider or beer is dead.", "10. In theology, to perish everlastingly; to suffer divine wrath and punishment in the future world.", "11. To become indifferent to, or to cease to be under the power of; as, to die to sin.", "12. To endure great danger and distress.", "I die daily. 1 Corinthians 15.", "To die away, to decrease gradually; to cease to blow; as, the wind dies away.", "DIE, n. plu. dice.", "1. A small cube, marked on its faces with numbers from one to six, used in gaming, by being thrown from a box.", "He ventured his all on the cast of a die.", "2. Any cubic body; a flat tablet.", "3. Hazard; chance.", "Such is the die of war.", "DIE, n. Plu. Dies. A stamp used in coining money, in founderies, &c."], "diet": ["DIET, n. L., Gr., manner of living, mode of life prescribe by a physician, food, a room, parlor or bed room. In the middle ages, this word was used to denote the provision or food for one day, and for a journey of one day. Hence it seems to be from dies, day, or its root; and hence the word may have come to signify a meal or supper, and the room occupied for eating.", "1. Food or victuals; as, milk is a wholesome diet; flesh is nourishing diet.", "2. Food regulated by a physician, or by medical rules; food prescribed for the prevention or cure of disease, and limited in kind or quantity. I restrained myself to a regular diet of flesh once a day.", "3. Allowance of provision.", "For his diet there was a continual diet given him by the king. Jeremiah 52.", "4. Board, or boarding; as, to pay a certain sum for diet, washing and lodging.", "DIET, n. G. An assembly of the states or circles of the empire of Germany and of Poland; a convention of princes, electors, ecclesiastical dignitaries, and representatives of free cities, to deliberate on the affairs of the empire. There are also diets of states and cantons.", "DIET, v.t.", "1. To feed; to board; to furnish provisions for; as, the master diets his apprentice.", "2. To take food by rules prescribed; as, an invalid should carefully diet himself.", "3. To feed; to furnish aliment; as, to diet revenge.", "DIET, v.i.", "1. To eat according to rules prescribed.", "2. To eat; to feed; as, the students diet in commons."], "dieted": ["DIETED, pp. Fed; boarded; fed by prescribed rules."], "dieting": ["DIETING, n. A subordinate or local diet; a cantonal convention.", "DIETING, ppr. Taking food; prescribing rules for eating; taking food according to prescribed rules."], "differ": ["DIFFER, v.i. L., to bear or move apart. See Bear.", "1. Literally, to be separate. Hence, to be unlike, dissimilar, distinct or various, in nature, condition, form or qualities; followed by from. Men differ from brutes; a statue differs from a picture; wisdom differs from folly.", "One star differeth from another star in glory. 1 Corinthians 15.", "2. To disagree; not to accord; to be of a contrary opinion. We are all free to differ in opinion, and sometimes our sentiments differ less than we at first suppose.", "3. To contend; to be at variance; to strive or debate in words; to dispute; to quarrel.", "Well never differ with a crowded pit.", "DIFFER, v.t. To cause to be different or various. A different dialect and pronunciation differs persons of divers countries. This transitive use of the verb is not common, nor to be commended."], "difference": ["DIFFERENCE, n.", "1. The state of being unlike or distinct; distinction; disagreement; want of sameness; variation; dissimilarity. Difference may be total or partial, and exist in the nature and essence of things, in the form, the qualities or degrees. There is a difference in nature between animals and plants; a difference in form between the genera and species of animals; a difference of quality in paper; and a difference in degrees of heat, or of light.", "2. The quality which distinguishes one thing from another.", "3. Dispute; debate; contention; quarrel; controversy.", "What was the difference? It was a contention in public.", "4. The point in dispute; ground of controversy.", "5. A logical distinction.", "6. Evidences or marks of distinction.", "The marks and differences of sovereignty.", "7. Distinction.", "There is no difference between the Jew and the Greek. Romans 10.", "8. In mathematics, the remainder of a sum or quantity, after a lesser sum or quantity is subtracted.", "9. In logic, an essential attribute, belonging to some species, and not found in the genus; being the idea that defines the species.", "10. In heraldry, a certain figure added to a coat of arms, serving to distinguish one family from another, or to show how distant a younger branch is from the elder or principal branch.", "DIFFERENCE, v.t. To cause a difference or distinction. A regular administration of justice according to fixed laws differences a civilized from a savage state."], "different": ["DIFFERENT, a.", "1. Distinct; separate; not the same; as, we belong to different churches or nations.", "2. Various or contrary; of various or contrary natures, forms or qualities; unlike; dissimilar; as different kinds of food or drink; different states of health; different shapes; different degrees of excellence."], "differently": ["DIFFERENTLY, adv. In a different manner; variously. Men are differently affected with the same eloquence."], "differing": ["DIFFERING, ppr. Being unlike or distinct; disagreeing; contending."], "dig": ["DIG, v.t. pret. Digger or dug; pp. Digged or dug. G.", "1. To open and break or turn up the earth with a spade or other sharp instrument.", "Be first to dig the ground.", "2. To excavate; to form an opening in the earth by digging and removing the loose earth; as, to dig a well, a pit or a mine.", "3. To pierce or open with a snout or by other means, as swine or moles.", "4. To pierce with a pointed instrument; to thrust in.", "Still for the growing liver digged his breast.", "To dig down, is to undermine and cause to fall by digging; as, to dig down a wall.", "To dig out, or to dig from, is to obtain by digging; as, to dig coals from a mine; to dig out fossils. But the preposition is often omitted, and it is said, the men are digging coals, or digging iron ore. In such phrases, some word is understood; They are digging out ore, or digging for coals, or digging ore from the earth.", "To dig up, is to obtain something from the earth by opening it, or uncovering the thing with a spade or other instrument, or to force out from the earth by a bar; as, to dig up a stone.", "DIG, v.i.", "1. To work with a spade or other piercing instrument; to do servile work.", "I cannot dig; I am ashamed to beg. Luke 16.", "2. To work in search of; to search.", "They dig for it, more than for hid treasures. Job 3.", "To dig in, is to pierce with a spade or other pointed instrument.", "Son of man, dig now in the wall. Ezekiel 8.", "To dig through, to open a passage through; to make an opening from one side to the other."], "digged": ["DIGGED, pret. and pp. of dig."], "dignity": ["DIGNITY, n. L., worthy.", "1. True honor; nobleness or elevation of mind, consisting in a high sense of propriety, truth and justice, with an abhorrence of mean and sinful actions; opposed to meanness. In this sense, we speak of the dignity of mind, and dignity of sentiments. This dignity is based on moral rectitude; all vice is incompatible with true dignity of mind. The man who deliberately injures another, whether male or female, has no true dignity of soul.", "2. Elevation; honorable place or rank of elevation; degree of excellence, either in estimation, or in the order of nature. Man is superior in dignity to brutes.", "3. Elevation of aspect; grandeur of mein; as a man of native dignity.", "4. Elevation of deportment; as dignity of manners or behavior.", "5. An elevated office, civil or ecclesiastical, giving a high rank in society; advancement; preferment, or the rank attached to it. We say, a man enjoys his dignity with moderation, or without haughtiness. Among ecclesiastics, dignity is office or preferment joined with power or jurisdiction.", "6. The rank or title of a nobleman.", "7. In oratory, one of the three parts of elocution, consisting in the right use of tropes and figures.", "8. In astrology, an advantage which a planet has on account of its being in some particular place of the zodiac, or in a particular station in respect to other planets.", "9. A general maxim, or principle. Not used."], "diligence": ["DILIGENCE, n. L., to love earnestly; to choose.", "1. Steady application in business of any kind; constant effort to accomplish what is undertaken; exertion of body or mind without unnecessary delay or sloth; due attention; industry; assiduity.", "Diligence is the philosophers stone that turns every thing to gold.", "Brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure. 2 Peter 1.", "2. Care; heed; heedfulness.", "Keep thy heart with all diligence. Proverbs 4.", "3. The name of a stage-coach, used in France."], "diligent": ["DILIGENT, a. L.", "1. Steady in application to business; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish what is undertaken; assiduous; attentive; industrious; not idle or negligent; applied to persons.", "Seest thou a man diligent in his business? He shall stand before kings. Provers 22.", "2. Steadily applied; prosecuted with care and constant effort; careful; assiduous; as, make diligent search.", "The judges shall make diligent inquisition. Judges 19."], "diligently": ["DILIGENTLY, adv. With steady application and care; with industry or assiduity; not carelessly; not negligently.", "Ye shall diligently keep the commandments of the Lord your God. Deuteronomy 6."], "dim": ["DIM, a. See Damp.", "1. Not seeing clearly; having the vision obscured and indistinct.", "When Isaac was old, and his eyes were dim. Genesis 27.", "2. Not clearly seen; obscure; imperfectly seen or discovered; as a dim prospect.", "3. Somewhat dark; dusky; not luminous; as a dim shade.", "4. Dull of apprehension; having obscure conceptions.", "The understanding is dim.", "5. Having its luster obscured; sullied; tarnished.", "How is the gold become dim? Lamentations 4.", "DIM, v.t.", "1. To cloud; to impair the powers of vision; as, to dim the eyes.", "2. To obscure; as, to dim the sight; to dim the prospect.", "3. To render dull the powers of conception.", "4. To make less bright; to obscure.", "Each passion dimmed his face.", "5. To render less bright; to tarnish or sully; as, to dim gold."], "dimming": ["DIMMING, ppr. Obscuring.", "DIMMING, n. Obscurity."], "dimness": ["DIMNESS, n.", "1. Dullness of sight; as the dimness of the eyes.", "2. Obscurity of vision; imperfect sight; as the dimness of a view.", "3. Faintness; imperfection; as the dimness of a color.", "4. Want of brightness; as the dimness of gold or silver.", "5. Want of clear apprehension; stupidity; as the dimness of perception."], "diminish": ["DIMINISH, v.t. L., to lessen; less.", "1. To lessen; to make less or smaller, by any means; opposed to increase and augment; as, to diminish the size of a thing by contraction, or by cutting off a part; to diminish a number by subtraction; to diminish the revenue by limiting commerce, or reducing the customs; to diminish strength or safety; to diminish the heat of a room. It is particularly applied to bulk and quantity, as shorten is to length.", "2. To lessen; to impair; to degrade.", "I will diminish them, that they shall no more rule over the nations. Ezekiel 29.", "3. In music, to take from a note by a sharp, flat or natural.", "To diminish from, to take away something.", "Neither shall you diminish aught from it Deuteronomy 4.", "DIMINISH, v.i. To lessen; to become or appear less or smaller. The size of an object diminishes, as we recede from it."], "diminishable": ["DIMINISHABLE, a. Capable of being reduced in size or quantity."], "diminished": ["DIMINISHED, pp. Lessened; made smaller; reduced in size; contracted; degraded."], "diminishing": ["DIMINISHING, ppr. Lessening; contracting; degrading."], "diminishingly": ["DIMINISHINGLY, adv. In a manner to lessen reputation."], "dine": ["DINE, v.i. L., to cease. Gr., to feast. To eat the chief meal of the day. This meal seems originally to have been taken about the middle of the day, at least in northern climates, as it still is by laboring people. Among people in the higher walks of life, and in commercial towns, the time of dining is from tow to five or six oclock in the afternoon.", "DINE, v.t. To give a dinner to; to furnish with the principal meal; to feed; as, the landlord dined a hundred men."], "dining": ["DINING, ppr. Eating the principal meal in the day."], "dinner": ["DINNER, n. See Dine.", "1. The meal taken about the middle of the day; or the principal meal of the day, eaten between noon and evening.", "2. An entertainment; a feast.", "Behold, I have prepared my dinner. Matthew 22."], "dip": ["DIP, v.t. pret. and pp. dipped or dipt. G.", "1. To plunge or immerse, for a moment or short time, in water or other liquid substance; to put into a fluid and withdraw.", "The priest shall dip his finger int he blood. Leviticus 4.", "Let him dip his foot in oil. Deuteronomy 33.", "One dip the pencil, and one string the lyre.", "2. To take with a ladle or other vessel by immersing it in a fluid, as to dip water from a boiler; often with out, as to dip out water.", "3. To engage; to take concern; used intransitively, but the passive participle is used.", "He was a little dipt in the rebellion of the commons.", "4. To engage as a pledge; to mortgage. Little used.", "5. To moisten; to wet. Unusual.", "6. To baptize by immersion.", "DIP, v.i.", "1. To sink; to emerge in a liquid.", "2. To enter; to pierce.", "3. To engage; to take a concern; as, to dip into the funds.", "4. To enter slightly; to look cursorily, or here and there; as, to dip into a volume of history.", "5. To choose by chance; to thrust and take.", "6. To incline downward; as, the magnetic needle dips. See Dipping.", "DIP, n. Inclination downward; a sloping; a direction below a horizontal line; depression; as the dip of the needle. The dip of a stratum, in geology, is its greatest inclination to the horizon, or that on a line perpendicular to its direction or course; called also the pitch."], "dipping": ["DIPPING, ppr.", "1. Plunging or immersing into a liquid and speedily withdrawing, as to ascertain the temperature of water by dipping the finger int it; baptizing by immersion.", "2. Engaging or taking a concern in.", "3. Looking into here and there; examining in a cursory, slight or hasty manner.", "4. Inclining downward, as the magnetic needle.", "5. Breaking; inclining; as a vein of ore.", "DIPPING, n.", "1. The act of plunging or immersing.", "2. The act of inclining towards the earth; inclination downwards; as the dipping of the needle.", "3. The interruption of a vein of ore, or stratum of a fossil, in a mine; or a sloping downwards."], "direct": ["DIRECT, a. L., to make straight. See Right.", "1. Straight; right; as, to pass in a direct line from one body or place to another. It is opposed to crooked, winding, oblique. It is also opposed to refracted; as a direct ray of light.", "2. In astronomy, appearing to move forward in the zodiac, in the direction of the sign; opposed to retrograde; as, the motion of a planet is direct.", "3. In the line of father and sons; opposed to collateral; as a descendant in the direct line.", "4. Leading or tending to an end, as by a straight line or course; not circuitous. Thus we speak of direct means to effect an object; a direct course; a direct way.", "5. Open; not ambiguous or doubtful.", "6. Plain; express; not ambiguous; as, he said this in direct words; he made a direct acknowledgment.", "7. In music, a direct interval is that which forms any kind of harmony on the fundamental sound which produces it; as the fifth, major third and octave.", "Direct tax, is a tax assess on real estate, as houses and lands.", "DIRECT, v.t. L.", "1. To point or aim in a straight line, towards a place or object; as, to direct an arrow or a piece of ordnance; to direct the eye; to direct a course or flight.", "2. To point; to show the right road or course; as, he directed me to the left hand road.", "3. To regulate; to guide or lead; to govern; to cause to proceed in a particular manner; as, to direct the affairs of a nation.", "Wisdom is profitable to direct. Ecclesiastes 10.", "4. To prescribe a course; to mark out a way. Job 37.", "5. To order; to instruct; to point out a course of proceeding, with authority; to command. But direct is a softer term than command.", "DIRECT, n. In music, a character placed at the end of a stave to direct the performer to the first note of the next stave."], "directed": ["DIRECTED, pp. Aimed; pointed; guided; regulated; governed; ordered; instructed."], "directer": ["DIRECTER, n. A director, which see."], "directing": ["DIRECTING, ppr. Aiming; pointing; guiding; regulating; governing; ordering."], "direction": ["DIRECTION, n. L.", "1. Aim at a certain point; a pointing towards, in a straight line or course; as, the direction of good works to a good end.", "2. The line in which a body moves by impulse; course. Matter or body cannot alter the direction of its own motion.", "3. A straight line or course. A star appeared int eh direction of a certain tower. The ship sailed in a south-easterly direction.", "4. The act of governing; administration; management; guidance; superintendence; as the direction of public affairs; direction of domestic concerns; the direction of a bank.", "5. Regularity; adjustment.", "All chance, direction which thou canst not see.", "6. Order; prescription; either verbal or written; instruction in what manner to proceed. The employer gives directions to his workmen; the physician, to his patient.", "7. The superscription of a letter, including the name, title and place of abode of the person for whom it is intended.", "8. A body or board of directors."], "directive": ["DIRECTIVE, a.", "1. Having the power of direction; as a directive rule.", "2. Informing; instructing; shewing way."], "directness": ["DIRECTNESS, n. Straightness; a straight course; nearness of way."], "directly": ["DIRECTLY, adv.", "1. In a straight lin or course; rectilineally; not in a winding course. Aim directly to the object. Gravity tends directly to the center of the earth.", "2. Immediately; soon; without delay; as, he will be with us directly.", "3. Openly; expressly, without circumlocution or ambiguity, or without a train or inferences.", "No man hath been so impious, as directly to condemn prayer."], "dirt": ["DIRT, n durt.", "1. Any foul or filthy substance; excrement; earth; mud; mire; dust; whatever adhering to any thing, renders it foul or unclean.", "The fat closed, and the dirt came out. Judges 3.", "Whose waters cast up mire and dirt. Isaiah 57.", "2. Meanness; sordidness. Not in use.", "DIRT, v.t. durt. To make foul or filthy; to soil; to bedaub; to pollute; to defile."], "disallow": ["DISALLOW, v.t. dis and allow. To refuse permission, or not to permit; not to grant; not to make or suppose lawful; not to authorize; to disapprove. God disallows that Christians should conform to the immoral practices of the world. A good man disallows every kind of profaneness.", "2. To testify dislike or disapprobation; to refuse assent.", "But if her father shall disallow her int he day that he heareth, not nay of her vows or her bonds--shall stand. Numbers 30.", "3. Not to approve; not to receive; to reject.", "To whom coming, as to a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious. 1 Peter 2.", "4. Not to allow or admit as just; to reject; as, to disallow an account or charge."], "disallowable": ["DISALLOWABLE, a. Not allowable; not to be suffered."], "disallowance": ["DISALLOWANCE, n. Disapprobation; refusal to admit or permit; prohibition; rejection."], "disallowed": ["DISALLOWED, pp. Not granted, permitted or admitted; disapproved; rejected."], "disallowing": ["DISALLOWING, ppr. Not permitting; not admitting; disapproving; rejecting."], "disannul": ["DISANNUL, v.t. dis and annul. In this instance, the prefix dis is improperly used, and of no effect. But its use is well established. To annul; to make void; to deprive of authority or force; to nullify; to abolish; as, to disannul a law or an ordinance.", "Wilt thou also disannul my judgment? Job 40. Galatians 3. 15."], "disannulled": ["DISANNULLED, pp. Annulled; vacated; made void."], "disannulling": ["DISANNULLING, ppr. Making void; depriving of authority or binding force."], "disannulment": ["DISANNULMENT, n. The act of making void; as the disannulment of a law or decree.", "Disannual differs from repeal, as the genus from the species. A repeal makes a law void by the same power that enacted it. Annulment or disannulment destroys its force and authority by repeal or by other means."], "disappoint": ["DISAPPOINT, v.t. dis and appoint; properly, to unfix or unsettle.", "1. To defeat of expectation, wish, hope, desire or intention; to frustrate; to balk; to hinder from the possession or enjoyment of that which was intended, desired, hoped or expected. We say, a man is disappointed of his hopes or expectations, or his hopes, desires, intentions or expectations are disappointed. A bad season disappoints the farmer of his crops; a defeat disappoints an enemy of his spoil The man promised me a visit, by he disappointed me.", "Without counsel purposes are disappointed. Proverbs 15.", "2. To frustrate; to prevent an effect intended.", "The retiring foe shrinks from the wound, and disappoints the blow."], "disappointed": ["DISAPPOINTED, pp. Defeated of expectation, hope, desire, or design; frustrated."], "disappointing": ["DISAPPOINTING, ppr. Defeating of expectation, hope, desire or purpose; frustrating."], "disappointment": ["DISAPPOINTMENT, n. Defeat or failure of expectation, hope, wish, desire or intention; miscarriage of design or plan.", "We are apt to complain of the disappointment of our hopes and schemes, but disappointments often prove blessings and save us from calamity or ruin."], "discern": ["DISCERN, v.t. s as z. L., to separate or distinguish, Gr.", "1. To separate by the eye, or by the understanding. Hence,", "2. To distinguish; to see the difference between two or more things; to discriminate; as, to discern the blossom-buds from the leaf-buds of plants.", "Discern thou what is thine--Genesis 31.", "3. To make the difference.", "For nothing else discerns the virtue or the vice.", "4. To discover; to see; to distinguish by the eye.", "I discerned among the youths, a young man void of understanding. Proverbs 7.", "5. To discover by the intellect; to distinguish; hence, to have knowledge of; to judge.", "So is my lord the king to discern good and bad. 2 Samuel 14.", "A wise mans heart discerneth time and judgment. Ecclesiastes 8.", "DISCERN, v.i.", "1. To see or understand the difference; to make distinction; as, to discern between good and evil, truth and falsehood.", "2. To have judicial cognizance."], "discerned": ["DISCERNED, pp. Distinguished; seen; discovered."], "discerner": ["DISCERNER, n.", "1. One who sees, discovers or distinguishes; an observer.", "2. One who knows and judges; one who has the power of distinguishing.", "He was a great observer and discerner of mens natures and humors.", "3. That which distinguishes; or that which causes to understand.", "The word of God is quick and powerful--a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. Hebrews 4."], "discernible": ["DISCERNIBLE, a. That may be seen distinctly; discoverable by the eye or the understanding; distinguishable. A star is discernible by the eye; the identity or difference of ideas is discernible by the understanding."], "discernibleness": ["DISCERNIBLENESS, n. Visibleness."], "discernibly": ["DISCERNIBLY, adv. In a manner to be discerned, seen or discovered; visibly."], "discerning": ["DISCERNING, ppr.", "1. Distinguishing; seeing; discovering; knowing; judging.", "2. a. Having power to discern; capable of seeing, discriminating, knowing and judging; sharp-sighted; penetrating; acute; as a discerning man or mind.", "DISCERNING, n. The act of discerning; discernment."], "discerningly": ["DISCERNINGLY, adv. With discernment; acutely; with judgment; skillfully."], "discernment": ["DISCERNMENT, n. The act of discerning; also, the power or faculty of the mind, by which it distinguishes one thing from another, as truth from falsehood, virtue from vice; acuteness of judgment; power of perceiving differences of things or ideas, and their relations and tendencies. The errors of youth often proceed from the want of discernment."], "discharge": ["DISCHARGE, v.t.", "1. To unload, as a ship; to take out, as a cargo; applied both to the ship and the loading. We say, to discharge a ship; but more generally, to discharge a cargo or the lading of the ship.", "2. To free from any load or burden; to throw off or exonerate; as, discharge of business.", "3. To throw off a load or charge; to let fly; to shoot; applied to fire-arms; as, to dis-charge a pistol or a cannon; or to discharge a ball or grape-shot.", "4. To pay; as, to discharge a debt, a bond, a note.", "5. To send away, as a creditor by payment of what is due to him. He discharge his creditors.", "6. To free from claim or demand; to give an acquittance to, or a receipt in full, as to a debtor. The creditor discharged his debtor.", "7. To free from an obligation; as, to discharge a man from further duty or service; to discharge a surety.", "8. To clear from an accusation or crime; to acquit; to absolve; to set free; with of; as, to discharge a man of all blame.", "9. To throw off or out; to let fly; to give vent to; as, to discharge a horrible oath; to discharge fury or vengeance.", "10. To perform or execute, as a duty or office considered as a charge. One man discharges the office of a sheriff; another that of a priest. We are all bound to discharge the duties of piety, of benevolence and charity.", "11. To divest of an office or employment; to dismiss from service; as, to discharge a steward or a servant; to discharge a soldier or seaman; to discharge a jury.", "12. To dismiss; to release; to send away from any business or appointment.", "Discharge your powers to their several counties.", "13. To emit or send out; as, an ulcer discharges pus; a pipe discharges water.", "14. To release; to liberate from confinement; as, to discharge a prisoner.", "15. To put away; to remove; to clear from; to destroy. In general, to throw off any load or incumbrance; to free or clear.", "DISCHARGE, v.i. To break up.", "The cloud, if it were oily or fatty, would not discharge.", "DISCHARGE, n.", "1. An unloading, as of a ship; as the discharge of a cargo.", "2. A throwing out; vent; emission; applied to a fluid, a flowing or issuing out, or a throwing out; as the discharge of water from a spring, or from a spout; applied to fire-arms, an explosion; as a discharge of cannon.", "3. That which is thrown out; matter emitted; as a thin serous discharge; a purulent discharge.", "4. Dismission from office or service; or the writing which evidences the dismission. The general, the soldier, obtains a discharge.", "5. Release from obligation, debt or penalty; or the writing which is evidence of it; an acquittance; as, the debtor has a discharge.", "6. Absolution from a crime or accusation; acquittance.", "7. Ransom; liberation; price paid for deliverance.", "8. Performance; execution; applied to an office, trust or duty. A good man is faithful in the discharge of his duties, public and private.", "9. Liberation; release from imprisonment or other confinement.", "10. Exemption; escape.", "There is no discharge in that war. Ecclesiastes 8.", "11. Payment, as of a debt."], "discharged": ["DISCHARGED, pp. Unloaded; let off; shot; thrown out; dismissed from service; paid; released; acquitted; freed from debt or penalty; liberated; performed; executed."], "discharger": ["DISCHARGER, n.", "1. He that discharges in any manner.", "2. One who fires a gun.", "3. In electricity, an instrument for discharging a Leyden phial, jar, &c., by opening a communication between the two surfaces."], "discharging": ["DISCHARGING, pp. Unlading; letting fly; shooting; throwing out; emiting; dismissing from service; paying; releasing from debt, obligation or claim; acquitting; liberating; performing; executing."], "disciple": ["DISCIPLE, n. L., to learn.", "1. A learner; a scholar; one who receives or professes to receive instruction from another; as the disciples of Plato.", "2. A follower; an adherent to the doctrines of another. Hence the constant attendants of Christ were called his disciples; and hence all Christians are called his disciples, as they profess to learn and receive his doctrines and precepts.", "DISCIPLE, v.t.", "1. To teach; to train, or bring up.", "2. To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or principles.", "This authority he employed in sending missionaries to disciple all nations.", "3. To punish; to discipline. Not in use."], "discipled": ["DISCIPLED, pp. Taught; trained; brought up; made a disciple."], "disciplinable": ["DISCIPLINABLE, a. See Discipline.", "1. Capable of instruction, and improvement in learning.", "2. That may be subjected to discipline; as a disciplinable offense, in church government.", "3. Subject or liable to discipline, as the member of a church."], "disciplinableness": ["DISCIPLINABLENESS, n.", "1. Capacity of receiving instruction by education.", "2. The state of being subject to discipline."], "disciplinant": ["DISCIPLINANT, n. One of a religious order, so called from their practice of scourging themselves, or other rigid discipline."], "discipline": ["DISCIPLINE, n. L., to learn.", "1. Education; instruction; cultivation and improvement, comprehending instruction in arts, sciences, correct sentiments, morals and manners, and due subordination to authority.", "2. Instruction and government, comprehending the communication of knowledge and the regulation of practice; as military discipline, which includes instruction in manual exercise, evolutions and subordination.", "3. Rule of government; method of regulating principles and practice; as the discipline prescribed for the church.", "4. Subjection to laws, rules, order, precepts or regulations; as, the troops are under excellent discipline; the passions should be kept under strict discipline.", "5. Correction; chastisement; punishment intended to correct crimes or errors; as the discipline of the strap.", "6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the execution of the laws by which the church is governed, and infliction of the penalties enjoined against offenders, who profess the religion of Jesus Christ.", "7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflicted on a delinquent in the Romish Church; or that chastisement or external mortification which a religious person inflicts on himself.", "DISCIPLINE, v.t.", "1. To instruct or educate; to inform the mind; to prepare by instructing in correct principles and habits; as, to discipline youth for a profession, or for future usefulness.", "2. To instruct and govern; to teach rules and practice, and accustom to order and subordination; as, to discipline troops or an army.", "3. To correct; to chastise; to punish.", "4. To execute the laws of the church on offenders, with a view to bring them to repentance and reformation of life.", "5. To advance and prepare by instruction."], "disciplined": ["DISCIPLINED, pp. Instructed; educated; subjected to rules and regulations; corrected; chastised; punished; admonished."], "disciplining": ["DISCIPLINING, pp. Instructing; educating; subjecting to order and subordination; correcting; chastising; admonishing; punishing."], "disclose": ["DISCLOSE, v.t. discloze. dis and close; L. See Close.", "1. To uncover; to open; to remove a cover from, and lay open to the view.", "The shells being broken, the stone included in them is disclosed.", "2. To discover; to lay open to the view; to bring to light. Events have disclosed the designs of the ministry.", "3. To reveal by words; to tell; to utter; as, to disclose the secret thoughts of the heart.", "4. To make known; to show in any manner. A blush may disclose a secret passion in the breast.", "5. To open; to hatch. Not used.", "The ostrich layeth her eggs under sand, where the heat of the sun discloseth them.", "DISCLOSE, n. Discovery."], "disclosed": ["DISCLOSED, pp. Uncovered; opened to view; made known; revealed; told; uttered."], "discloser": ["DISCLOSER, n. One who discloses or reveals."], "disclosing": ["DISCLOSING, ppr. Uncovering; opening to view; revealing; making known; telling."], "discomfit": ["DISCOMFIT, v.t. L., to fasten, to nail; to fix. To rout; to defeat; to scatter in fight; to cause to flee; to vanquish.", "Joshua discomfited Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword. Exodus 17.", "He, fugitive, declined superior strength, discomfited, pursued.", "DISCOMFIT, n. Rout; dispersion; defeat; overthrow."], "discomfited": ["DISCOMFITED, pp. Routed; defeated; overthrown."], "discomfiting": ["DISCOMFITING, ppr. Routing; defeating."], "discomfiture": ["DISCOMFITURE, n. Rout; defeat in battle; dispersion; overthrow.", "Every mans sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture. 1 Samuel 14.", "2. Defeat; frustration; disappointment."], "discontent": ["DISCONTENT, n. dis and content. Want of content; uneasiness or inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction at any present state of things.", "DISCONTENT, a. Uneasy; dissatisfied.", "DISCONTENT, v.t. To make uneasy at the present state; to dissatisfy."], "discontented": ["DISCONTENTED, pp. or a. Uneasy in mind; dissatisfied; unquiet; as, discontented citizens make bad subjects."], "discontenting": ["DISCONTENTING, a. Giving uneasiness."], "discontinuance": ["DISCONTINUANCE, n. See Discontinue.", "1. Want of continuance; cessation; intermission; interruption of continuance; as a discontinuance of conversation or intercourse.", "2. Want of continued connection or cohesion of parts; want of union; disruption.", "3. In law, a breaking off or interruption of possession, as where a tenant in tail makes a feoffment in fee-simple, or for the life of the feoffee, or in tail, which he has not power to do; in this case, the entry of the feoffee is lawful, during the life of the feoffor; but if he retains possession after the death of the feoffor, it is an injury which is termed a discontinuance, the legal estate of the heir in tail being discontinued, till a recovery can be had in law.", "4. Discontinuance of a suit, is when a plaintiff leaves a chasm in the proceedings in his cause, as by not continuing the process regularly from day to day; in which case the defendant is not bound to attend. Formerly the demise of the king caused a discontinuance of all suits; but this is remedied by statute 1. Ed. VI."], "discontinuation": ["DISCONTINUATION, n. Breach or interruption of continuity; disruption of parts; separation of parts which form a connected series."], "discontinue": ["DISCONTINUE, v.t. dis and continue.", "1. To leave off; to cause to cease, as a practice or habit; to stop; to put an end to; as, to discontinue the intemperate use of spirits. Inveterate customs are not discontinued without inconvenience.", "The depredations on our commerce were not to be discontinued.", "2. To break off; to interrupt.", "3. To cease to take or receive; as, to discontinue a daily prayer.", "DISCONTINUE, v.i.", "1. To cease; to leave the possession, or lose an established or long enjoyed right.", "Thyself shalt discontinue from thine heritage. Jeremiah 17.", "2. To lose the cohesion of parts; to suffer disruption or separation of substance. Little used."], "discontinued": ["DISCONTINUED, pp. Left off; interrupted; broken off."], "discontinuer": ["DISCONTINUER, n. One who discontinues a rule or practice."], "discontinuing": ["DISCONTINUING, ppr. Ceasing; interrupting; breaking off."], "discontinuity": ["DISCONTINUITY, n. Disunion of parts; want of cohesion."], "discontinuous": ["DISCONTINUOUS, a.", "1. Broken off; interrupted.", "2. Separated; wide; gaping."], "discord": ["DISCORD, n. L.", "1. Disagreement among persons or things. Between persons, difference of opinions; variance; opposition; contention; strife; any disagreement which produces angry passions, contest, disputes, litigation or war. Discord may exist between families, parties and nations.", "2. Disagreement; want of order; a clashing.", "All discord, harmony not understood.", "3. In music, disagreement of sounds; dissonance; a union of sounds which is inharmonious, grating and disagreeable to the ear; or an interval whose extremes do not coalesce. Thus the second and the seventh, when sounded together, make a discord. The term discord is applied to each of the two sounds which form the dissonance, and to the interval; but more properly to the mixed sound of dissonant tones. It is opposed to concord and harmony.", "DISCORD, v.i. To disagree; to jar; to clash; not to suit; not to be coincident. Not in use."], "discordance": ["DISCORDANCE, DISCORDANCY, n. L. Disagreement; opposition; inconsistency; as a discordance of opinions, or of sounds."], "discordancy": ["DISCORDANCE, DISCORDANCY, n. L. Disagreement; opposition; inconsistency; as a discordance of opinions, or of sounds."], "discordant": ["DISCORDANT, a. L.", "1. Disagreeing; incongruous; contradictory; being at variance; as discordant opinions; discordant rules or principles.", "2. Opposite; contrarious; not coincident; as the discordant attractions of comets, or of different planets.", "3. Dissonant; not in unison; not harmonious; not accordant harsh; jarring; as discordant notes or sounds."], "discordantly": ["DISCORDANTLY, adv. Dissonantly; in a discordant manner; inconsistently; in a manner to jar or clash; in disagreement with another, or with itself."], "discordful": ["DISCORDFUL, a. Quarrelsome; contentious."], "discourage": ["DISCOURAGE, v.t. discurage. dis and courage. See Courage.", "1. To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits; to deject; to deprive of confidence.", "Fathers, provoke not your children, lest they be discouraged. Colossians 3.", "2. To deter from any thing; with from.", "Why discourage ye the hearts of the children of Israel from going over into the land which the Lord hath given them? Numbers 32.", "3. To attempt to repress or prevent; to dissuade from; as, to discourage an effort."], "discouraged": ["DISCOURAGED, pp. Discuraged. Disheartened; deprived of courage or confidence; depressed in spirits; dejected; checked."], "discouragement": ["DISCOURAGEMENT, n. Discuragement.", "1. The act of disheartening, or depriving of courage; the act of deterring or dissuading from an undertaking; the act of depressing confidence.", "2. That which destroys or abates courage; that which depresses confidence or hope; that which deters or tends to deter from an undertaking, or from the prosecution of any thing. Evil examples are great discouragements to virtue. The revolution was commenced under every possible discouragement."], "discourager": ["DISCOURAGER, n. Discurager. One who discourages; one who disheartens, or depresses the courage; one who impresses or fear of success; one who dissuades from an undertaking."], "discouraging": ["DISCOURAGING, ppr. Discuraging.", "1. Disheartening; depressing courage.", "2. a. Tending to dishearten, or to depress the courage; as discouraging prospects."], "discover": ["DISCOVER, v.t. See Cover.", "1. Literally, to uncover; to remove a covering. Isaiah 22.", "2. To lay open to the view; to disclose; to show; to make visible; to expose to view something before unseen or concealed.", "Go, draw aside the curtains and discover the several caskets to this noble prince.", "He discovereth deep things out of darkness. Job 12.", "Law can discover sin, but not remove.", "3. To reveal; to make known.", "We will discover ourselves to them. 1 Samuel 14.", "Discover not a secret to another. Proverbs 25.", "4. To espy; to have the first sight of; as, a man at mast-head discovered land.", "When we had discovered Cyprus, we left it on the left hand. Acts 21.", "5. To find out; to obtain the first knowledge of; to come to the knowledge of something sought or before unknown. Columbus discovered the variation of the magnetic needle. We often discover our mistakes, when too late to prevent their evil effects.", "6. To detect; as, we discovered the artifice; the thief, finding himself discovered, attempted to escape.", "Discover differs from invent. We discover what before existed, though to us unknown; we invent what did not before exist."], "discovered": ["DISCOVERED, pp. Uncovered; disclosed to view; laid open; revealed; espied or first seen; found out; detected."], "discovering": ["DISCOVERING, ppr. Uncovering; disclosing to view; laying open; revealing; making known; espying; finding out; detecting."], "discreet": ["DISCREET, a. L., Gr. It is sometimes written discrete; the distinction between discreet and discrete are arbitrary, but perhaps not entirely useless. The literal sense is, separate, reserved, wary, hence discerning.", "1. Prudent; wise in avoiding errors or evil, and in selecting the best means to accomplish a purpose; circumspect; cautious; wary; not rash.", "It is the discreet man, not the witty, nor the learned, nor the brave, who guides the conversation, and gives measures to society.", "Let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise. Genesis 41."], "discreetness": ["DISCREETNESS, n. The quality of being discreet; discretion."], "discreetly": ["DISCREETLY, adv. Prudently; circumspectly; cautiously; with nice judgment of what is best to be done or omitted."], "discrete": ["DISCRETE, a. L. See Discreet.", "1. Separate; distinct; disjunct. Discrete proportion is when the ratio of two or more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there is not the same proportion between all the numbers; as 3:6::8:16, 3 bearing the same proportion to 6, as 8 does to 16. But 3 is not to 6 as 6 is to 8. It is thus opposed to continued or continual proportion, as 3:6::12:24.", "2. Disjunctive; as, I resign my life, but not my honor, is a discrete proposition.", "DISCRETE, v.t. To separate; to discontinue. Not used."], "discretion": ["DISCRETION, n. L, a separating. See Discreet.", "1. Prudence, or knowledge and prudence; that discernment which enables a person to judge critically of what is correct and proper, united with caution; nice discernment and judgment, directed by circumspection, and primarily regarding ones own conduct.", "A good man--will guide his affairs with discretion. Psalm 112.", "My son, keep sound wisdom and discretion. Proverbs 3.", "2. Liberty or power of acting without other control than ones own judgment; as, the management of affairs was left to the discretion of the prince; he is left to his own discretion. Hence,", "To surrender at discretion, is to surrender without stipulation or terms, and commit ones self entirely to the power of the conqueror.", "3. Disjunction; separation. Not much used."], "discretional": ["DISCRETIONARY, DISCRETIONAL, a. Left to discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or judgment; that is to be directed or managed by discretion only. Thus, the President of the United States is, in certain cases, invested with discretionary powers, to act according to circumstances."], "discretive": ["DISCRETIVE, a. See Discreet and Discrete.", "1. Disjunctive; noting separation or opposition. In logic, a discretive proposition expresses some distinction, opposition or variety, by means of but, though, yet, &c.; as, travelers change their climate, but not their temper; Job was patient, though his grief was great.", "2. In grammar, discretive distinctions are such as imply opposition or difference; as, not a man, but a beast.", "3. Separate; distinct."], "discretively": ["DISCRETIVELY, adv. In a discretive manner."], "disdain": ["DISDAIN, v.t. L., to think worthy; worthy. See Dignity. To think unworthy; to deem worthless; to consider to be unworthy of notice, care, regard, esteem, or unworthy of ones character; to scorn; to contemn. The man of elevated mind disdains a mean action; he disdains the society of profligate, worthless men; he disdains to corrupt the innocent, or insult the weak. Goliath disdained David.", "Whose fathers I would have disdained to set with the dogs of my flock. Job 30.", "DISDAIN, n. Contempt; scorn; a passion excited in noble minds, by the hatred or detestation of what is mean and dishonorable, and implying a consciousness of superiority of mind, or a supposed superiority of mind, or a supposed superiority. In ignoble minds, disdain may spring from unwarrantable pride or haughtiness, and be directed toward objects of worth. It implies hatred, and sometimes anger.", "How my soul is moved with just disdain."], "disdained": ["DISDAINED, pp. Despised; contemned; scorned."], "disdainful": ["DISDAINFUL, a.", "1. Full of disdain; as disdainful soul.", "2. Expressing disdain; as a disdainful look.", "3. Contemptuous; scornful; haughty; indignant."], "disdainfulness": ["DISDAINFULNESS, n. Contempt; contemptuousness; haughty scorn."], "disdaining": ["DISDAINING, ppr. Contemning; scorning.", "DISDAINING, n. Contempt; scorn."], "disease": ["DISEASE, n. Dizeze. dis and ease.", "1. In its primary sense, pain, uneasiness, distress, and so used by Spenser; but in this sense, obsolete.", "2. The cause of pain or uneasiness; distemper; malady; sickness; disorder; any state of a living body in which the natural functions of the organs are interrupted or disturbed, either by defective or preternatural action, without a disrupture of parts by violence, which is called a wound. The first effect of disease is uneasiness or pain, and the ultimate effect is death. A disease may affect the whole body, or a particular limb or part of the body. We say a diseased limb; a disease in the head or stomach; and such partial affection of the body is called a local or topical disease. The word is also applied to the disorders of other animals, as well as to those of man; and to any derangement of the vegetative functions of plants.", "The shafts of disease shoot across our path in such a variety of courses, that the atmosphere of human life is darkened by their number, and the escape of an individual becomes almost miraculous.", "3. A disordered state of the mind or intellect, by which the reason is impaired.", "4. In society, vice; corrupt state of morals. Vices are called moral diseases.", "A wise man converses with the wicked, as a physician with the sick, not to catch the disease, but to cure it.", "5. Political or civil disorder, or vices in a state; any practice which tends to disturb the peace of society, or impede or prevent the regular administration of government.", "The instability, injustice and confusion introduced into the public councils have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under which popular governments have every where perished.", "DISEASE, v.t. dizeze.", "1. To interrupt or impair any or all the natural and regular functions of the several organs of a living body; to afflict with pain or sickness to make morbid; used chiefly in the passive participle, as a diseased body, a diseased stomach; but diseased may here be considered as an adjective.", "2. To interrupt or render imperfect the regular functions of the brain, or of the intellect; to disorder; to derange.", "3. To infect; to communicate disease to, by contagion.", "4. To pain; to make uneasy."], "diseased": ["DISEASED, pp. or a. Dizezed. Disordered; distempered; sick."], "diseaseful": ["DISEASEFUL, a. Dizezeful.", "1. Abounding with disease; producing diseases; as diseaseful climate.", "2. Occasioning uneasiness."], "diseasement": ["DISEASEMENT, n. Dizezement. Uneasiness; inconvenience."], "disfiguration": ["DISFIGURATION, n. See Disfigure.", "1. The act of disfiguring, or marring external form.", "2. The state of being disfigured; some degree of deformity."], "disfigure": ["DISFIGURE, v.t. dis and figure.", "1. To change to a worse form; to mar external figure; to impair shape or form and render it less perfect and beautiful; as, the loss of a limb disfigures the body.", "2. To mar; to impair; to injure beauty, symmetry or excellence."], "disfigured": ["DISFIGURED, pp. Changed to a worse form; impaired in form or appearance."], "disfigurement": ["DISFIGUREMENT, n. Change of external form to the worse; defacement of beauty."], "disfigurer": ["DISFIGURER, n. One who disfigures."], "disfiguring": ["DISFIGURING, ppr. Injuring the form or shape; impairing the beauty of form."], "disgrace": ["DISGRACE, n. dis and grace.", "1. A state of being out of favor; disfavor; disesteem; as, the minister retired from court in disgrace.", "2. State of ignominy; dishonor; shame.", "3. Cause of shame; as, to turn the back to the enemy is a foul disgrace; every vice is a disgrace to a rational being.", "4. Act of unkindness. Not used.", "DISGRACE, v.t.", "1. To put out of favor; as, the minister was disgraced.", "2. To bring a reproach on; to dishonor; as an agent. Men are apt to take pleasure in disgracing an enemy and his performance.", "3. To bring to shame; to dishonor; to sink in estimation; as a cause; as, men often boast of actions which disgrace them."], "disgraced": ["DISGRACED, pp. Put out of favor; brought under reproach; dishonored."], "disgraceful": ["DISGRACEFUL, a. Shameful; reproachful; dishonorable; procuring shame; sinking reputation. Cowardice is disgraceful to a soldier. Intemperance and profaneness are disgraceful to a man, but more disgraceful to a woman."], "disgracefulness": ["DISGRACEFULNESS, n. Ignominy; shamefulness."], "disgracer": ["DISGRACER, n. One who disgraces; one who exposes to disgrace; one who brings into disgrace, shame or contempt."], "disgracing": ["DISGRACING, ppr. Bringing reproach on; dishonoring."], "disguise": ["DISGUISE, v.t. disgize.", "1. To conceal by an unusual habit, or mask. Men sometimes disguise themselves fro the purpose of committing crimes without danger of detection. They disguise their faces in a masquerade.", "2. To hide by a counterfeit appearance; to cloke by a false show, by false language, or an artificial manner; as, to disguise anger, sentiments or intentions.", "3. To disfigure; to alter the form, and exhibit an unusual appearance.", "They saw the faces, which too well they knew, though then disguised in death.", "4. To disfigure or deform by liquor; to intoxicate.", "DISGUISE, n.", "1. A counterfeit habit; a dress intended to conceal the person who wears it.", "By the laws of England, persons doing unlawful acts in disguise are subjected to heavy penalties, and in some cases, declared felons.", "2. A false appearance; a counterfeit show; an artificial or assumed appearance in tended to deceive the beholder.", "A treacherous design is often concealed under the disguise of great candor.", "3. Change of manner by drink; intoxication."], "disguised": ["DISGUISED, pp. Concealed by a counterfeit habit or appearance; intoxicated."], "disguisement": ["DISGUISEMENT, n. Dress of concealment; false appearance."], "disguiser": ["DISGUISER, n.", "1. One who disguises himself or another.", "2. He or that which disfigures."], "disguising": ["DISGUISING, ppr. Concealing by a counterfeit dress, or by a false show; intoxicating."], "dish": ["DISH, n. Gr., L. It is the same word as disk and desk, and seems to signify something flat, plain or extended.", "1. A broad open vessel, made of various materials, used for serving up meat and various kinds of food at the table. It is sometimes used for a deep hollow vessel for liquors.", "2. The meat or provisions served in a dish. Hence, any particular kind of food.", "I have here a dish of doves.", "We say, a dish of veal or venison; a cold dish; a warm dish; a delicious dish.", "3. Among miners, a trough in which ore is measure, about 28 inches long, 4 deep and 6 wide.", "DISH, v.t. To put in a dish; as, the meat is all dished, and ready for the table."], "dished": ["DISHED, pp. Put in a dish or dishes."], "dishing": ["DISHING, pp. See Dish.", "1. Putting in a dish or dishes.", "2. a. Concave; having the hollow form of a dish."], "dishonest": ["DISHONEST, a. Dizonest. dis and honest.", "1. Void of honesty; destitute of probity, integrity or good faith; faithless; fraudulent; knavish; having or exercising a disposition to deceive, cheat and defraud; applied to persons; as a dishonest man.", "2. Proceeding from fraud or marked by it; fraudulent; knavish; as a dishonest transaction.", "3. Disgraced; dishonored; from the sense in Latin.", "Dishonest with lopped arms the youth appears.", "4. Disgraceful; ignominious; from the Latin sense.", "Inglorious triumphs, and dishonest scars.", "5. Unchaste; lewd."], "dishonesty": ["DISHONESTY, n. Dizonesty.", "1. Want of probity, or integrity in principle; faithlessness; a disposition to cheat or defraud, or to deceive and betray; applied to persons.", "2. Violation of trust or of justice; fraud; treachery; any deviation from probity or integrity; applied to acts.", "3. Unchastity; incontinence; lewdness.", "4. Deceit; wickedness; shame. 2 Corinthians 4."], "disinherit": ["DISINHERIT, v.t. dis and inherit. To cut off from hereditary right; to deprive of an inheritance; to prevent as an heir from coming into possession of any property or right, which, by law or custom, would devolve on him in the course of descent. A father sometimes disinherits his children by will. In England, the crown is descendible to the eldest son, who cannot be disinherited by the will of his father."], "disinherited": ["DISINHERITED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance."], "disinheriting": ["DISINHERITING, ppr. Depriving of an hereditary estate or right."], "dismay": ["DISMAY, v.t. To deprive of that strength or firmness of mind which constitutes courage; to discourage; to dishearten; to sink or depress the spirits or resolution; hence, to affright or terrify.", "Be strong, and of a good courage; be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed. Joshua 1.", "DISMAY, n. Fall or loss of courage; a sinking of the spirits; depression; dejection; a yielding to fear; that loss of firmness which is effected by fear or terror; fear impressed; terror felt.", "And each in others countenance read his own dismay."], "dismayed": ["DISMAYED, pp. Disheartened; deprived of courage."], "dismaying": ["DISMAYING, ppr. Depriving of courage."], "dismiss": ["DISMISS, v.t. L.", "1. To send away; properly, to give leave of departure; to permit to depart; implying authority in a person to retain or keep. The town clerk dismissed the assembly.", "2. To discard; to remove from office, service or employment. The king dismisses his ministers; the master dismisses his servant; and the employer, his workmen. Officers are dismissed from service, and students from college.", "3. To send; to dispatch.", "He dismissed embassadors from Pekin to Tooshoo Loomboo. Improper.", "4. To send or remove from a docket; to discontinue; as, to dismiss a bill in chancery.", "DISMISS, n. Discharge; dismission. Not used."], "dismissal": ["DISMISSAL, n. Dismission."], "dismissed": ["DISMISSED, pp. Sent away; permitted to depart; removed from office or employment."], "dismissing": ["DISMISSING, ppr. Sending away; giving leave to depart; removing from office or service."], "dismission": ["DISMISSION, n. L.", "1. The act of sending away; leave to depart; as the dismission of the grand jury.", "2. Removal from office or employment; discharge, either with honor or disgrace.", "3. An act requiring departure. Not usual.", "4. Removal of a suit in equity."], "dismissive": ["DISMISSIVE, a. Giving dismission."], "disobedience": ["DISOBEDIENCE, n. dis and obedience.", "1. Neglect or refusal to obey; violation of a command or prohibition; the omission of that which is commanded to be done, or the doing of that which is forbid; breach of duty prescribed by authority.", "By one mans disobedience, many were made sinners. Romans 5.", "2. Non-compliance.", "This disobedience of the moon."], "disobedient": ["DISOBEDIENT, a.", "1. Neglecting or refusing to obey; omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is prohibited; refractory; not observant of duty or rules prescribed by authority; as children disobedient to parents; citizens disobedient to the laws.", "I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision. Acts 26.", "2. Not yielding to exciting force or power.", "Medicines used unnecessarily contribute to shorten life, by sooner rendering peculiar parts of the system disobedient to stimuli."], "disobey": ["DISOBEY, v.t. dis and obey. To neglect or refuse to obey; to omit or refuse to do what is commanded, or to do what is forbid; to transgress or violate an order or injunction. Refractory children disobey their parents; men disobey their maker and the laws; and we all disobey the precepts of the gospel. The word is applicable both to the command and to the person commanding."], "disobeyed": ["DISOBEYED, pp. Not obeyed; neglected; transgressed."], "disobeying": ["DISOBEYING, ppr. Omitting or refusing to obey; violating; transgressing, as authority or law."], "disorderly": ["DISORDERLY, a. Confused; immethodical; irregular; being without proper order or disposition; as, the books and papers are in a disorderly state.", "2. Tumultuous; irregular; as the disorderly motions of the spirits.", "3. Lawless; contrary to law; violating or disposed to violate law and good order; as disorderly people; disorderly assemblies.", "4. Inclined to break loose from restraint; unruly; as disorderly cattle.", "DISORDERLY, adv.", "1. Without order, rule or method; irregularly; confusedly; in a disorderly manner.", "Savages fighting disorderly with stones.", "2. In a manner violating law and good order; in a manner contrary to rules or established institutions.", "Withdraw from every brother that walketh disorderly. 2 Thessalonians 3."], "dispatch": ["DISPATCH, v.t. L.", "1. To send or send away; particularly applied to the sending of messengers, agents and letters on special business, and often implying haste. The king dispatched and envoy to the court of Madrid. He dispatched a messenger to his envoy in France. He dispatched orders or letters to the commander of the forces in Spain. The president dispatched a special envoy to the court of St. James in 1794.", "2. To send out of the world; to put to death.", "The company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords. Ezekiel 23.", "3. To perform; to execute speedily; to finish; as, the business was dispatched in due time.", "DISPATCH, v.i. To conclude an affair with another; to transact and finish. Not now used.", "They have dispatched with Pompey.", "DISPATCH, n.", "1. Speedy performance; execution or transaction of business with due diligence.", "2. Speed; haste; expedition; due diligence; as, the business was done with dispatch; go, but make dispatch.", "3. Conduct; management. Not used.", "4. A letter sent or to be sent with expedition, by a messenger express; or a letter on some affair of state, or of public concern; or a packet of letters, sent by some public officer, on public business. It is often used in the plural. A vessel or a messenger has arrived with dispatches for the American minister. A dispatch was immediately sent to the admiral. The secretary was preparing his dispatches."], "dispatched": ["DISPATCHED, pp. Sent with haste or by a courier express; sent out of the world; put to death; performed; finished."], "dispatcher": ["DISPATCHER, n.", "1. One that dispatches; one that kills.", "2. One that sends on a special errand."], "dispatchful": ["DISPATCHFUL, a. Bent on haste; indicating haste; intent on speedy execution of business; as dispatchful looks."], "dispatching": ["DISPATCHING, ppr. Sending away in haste; putting to death; executing; finishing."], "dispensable": ["DISPENSABLE, a. That may be dispensed with."], "dispensableness": ["DISPENSABLENESS, n. The capability of being dispensed with."], "dispensation": ["DISPENSATION, n. L. See Dispense.", "1. Distribution; the act of dealing out to different persons or places; as the dispensation of water indifferently to all parts of the earth.", "2. The dealing of God to his creatures; the distribution of good and evil, natural or moral, in the divine government.", "Neither are Gods methods or intentions different in his dispensations to each private man.", "3. The granting of a license, or the license itself, to do what is forbidden by laws or canons, or to omit something which is commanded; that is, the dispensing with a law or canon, or the exemption of a particular person from the obligation to comply with its injunctions. The pope has power to dispense with the canons of the church, but has no right to grant dispensations to the injury of a third person.", "A dispensation was obtained to enable Dr. Barrow to marry.", "4. That which is dispensed or bestowed; a system of principles and rites enjoined; as the Mosaic dispensation; the gospel dispensation; including, the former the Levitical law and rites; the latter the scheme of redemption by Christ."], "dispensative": ["DISPENSATIVE, a. Granting dispensation."], "dispensatively": ["DISPENSATIVELY, adv. By dispensation."], "dispense": ["DISPENSE, v.t. dispens. L., to weigh, primarily to move; and perhaps the original idea of expending was to weigh off, or to distribute by weight.", "1. To deal or divide out in parts or portions; to distribute. The steward dispenses provisions to every man, according to his directions. The society dispenses medicines to the poor gratuitously or at first cost. God dispenses his favors according to his good pleasure.", "2. To administer; to apply, as laws to particular cases; to distribute justice.", "While you dispense the laws and guide the state.", "To dispense with,", "1. To permit not to take effect; to neglect or pass by; to suspend the operation or application of something required, established or customary; as, to dispense with the law, in favor of a friend; I cannot dispense with the conditions of the covenant. So we say, to dispense with oaths; to dispense with forms and ceremonies.", "2. To excuse from; to give leave not to do or observe what is required or commanded. The court will dispense with your attendance, or with you compliance.", "3. To permit the want of a thing which is useful or convenient; or in the vulgar phrase, to do without. I can dispense with your services. I can dispense with my cloke. In this application, the phrase has an allusion to the requisitions of law or necessity; the thing dispensed with being supposed, in some degree, necessary or required.", "I could not dispense with myself from making a voyage to Caprea. Not to be imitated.", "Canst thou dispense with heaven for such an oath? Not legitimate.", "DISPENSE, n. Dispens.", "1. Dispensation. Not used.", "2. Expense; profusion. Not in use."], "dispensed": ["DISPENSED, pp. Distributed; administered."], "dispenser": ["DISPENSER, n. One who dispenses; one who distributes; one who administers; as a dispenser of favors or of the laws."], "dispensing": ["DISPENSING, ppr.", "1. Distributing; administering.", "2. a. That may dispense with; granting dispensation; that may grant license to omit what is required by law, or to do what the law forbids; as a dispensing power."], "disperse": ["DISPERSE, v.t. dispers. L., to scatter.", "1. To scatter; to drive asunder; to cause to separate into different parts; as, the Jews are dispersed among all nations.", "2. To diffuse; to spread.", "The lips of the wise disperse knowledge. Proverbs 15.", "3. To dissipate; as, the fog or the cloud is dispersed.", "4. To distribute.", "DISPERSE, v.i. dispers.", "1. To be scattered; to separate; to go or move into different parts; as, the company dispersed at ten oclock.", "2. To be scattered; to vanish; as fog or vapors."], "dispersed": ["DISPERSED, pp. Scattered; driven apart; diffused; dissipated."], "disperseness": ["DISPERSENESS, n. Thinness; a scattered state. Little used."], "disperser": ["DISPERSER, n. One who disperses; as the disperser of libels."], "dispersing": ["DISPERSING, ppr. Scattering; dissipating."], "dispersion": ["DISPERSION, n.", "1. The act of scattering.", "2. The state of being scattered, or separated into remote parts; as, the Jews, in their dispersion, retain their rites and ceremonies.", "3. By way of eminence, the scattering or separation of the human family, at the building of Babel.", "4. In optics, the divergency of the rays of light, or rather the separation of the different colored rays, in refraction, arising from their different refrangibilities. The point of dispersion , is the point where refracted rays begin to diverge.", "5. In medicine and surgery, the removing of inflammation from a part, and restoring it to its natural state."], "dispersive": ["DISPERSIVE, a. Tending to scatter or dissipate."], "display": ["DISPLAY, v.t. L., gr., to unfold.", "1. Literally, to unfold; hence, to open; to spread wide; to expand.", "The northern wind his wings did broad display.", "2. To spread before the view; to show; to exhibit to the eyes, or to the mind; to make manifest. The works of nature display the power and wisdom of the Supreme Being. Christian charity displays the effects of true piety. A dress, simple and elegant, displays female taste and beauty to advantage.", "3. To carve; to dissect and open.", "He carves, displays, and cuts up to a wonder.", "4. To set to view ostentatiously.", "5. To discover. Not in use.", "6. To open; to unlock. Not used.", "DISPLAY, n.", "1. An opening or unfolding; an exhibition of any thing to the view.", "2. Show; exhibition; as, they make a great display of troops; a great display of magnificence."], "displayed": ["DISPLAYED, pp. Unfolded; opened; spread; expanded; exhibited to view; manifested."], "displaying": ["DISPLAYING, ppr. Unfolding; spreading; exhibiting; manifesting."], "displeasance": ["DISPLEASANCE, n. Anger; discontent. Not used."], "displeasant": ["DISPLEASANT, a. Displezant. See Displease. Unpleasing; offensive; unpleasant. The latter word is generally used."], "displease": ["DISPLEASE, v.t. displeze. dis and please.", "1. To offend; to make angry, sometimes in a slight degree. It usually expresses less than anger, vex, irritate and provoke. Applied to the Almighty in scripture, it may be considered as equivalent to anger.", "God was displeased with this thing; therefore he smote Israel. 1 Chronicles 21.", "2. To disgust; to excite aversion in; as, acrid and rancid substances displease the taste.", "3. To offend; to be disagreeable to. A distorted figure displeases the eye."], "displeased": ["DISPLEASED, pp. Offended; disgusted."], "displeasing": ["DISPLEASING, ppr or a. Offensive to the eye, to the mind, to the smell, or to the taste; disgusting; disagreeable."], "displeasure": ["DISPLEASURE, n. Displezhur.", "1. Some irritation or uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by any thing that counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice and a sense of propriety. A man incurs the displeasure of another by thwarting his views or schemes; a servant incurs the displeasure of his master by neglect or disobedience; we experience displeasure at any violation of right or decorum. Displeasure is anger, but it may be slight anger. It implies disaprobation or hatred, and usually expresses less than vexation and indignation. Thus, slighter offenses give displeasure, although they may not excite a violent passion.", "2. Offense; cause of irritation.", "Now shall I be more blameless than the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure. Judges 15.", "3. State of disgrace or disfavor.", "He went into Poland, being in displeasure with the pope for overmuch familiarity.", "DISPLEASURE, v.t. To displease. An unnecessary word, and not used."], "disposable": ["DISPOSABLE, a. See Dispose. Subject to disposal; not previously engaged or employed; free to be used or employed as occasion may require.", "The whole disposable force consisted in a regiment of light infantry, and a troop of calvary."], "disposal": ["DISPOSAL, n. See Dispose.", "1. The act of disposing; a setting or arranging.", "This object was effected by the disposal of the troops in two lines.", "2. Regulation, order or arrangement of things, int he moral government of God; dispensation.", "Tax not divine disposal.", "3. Power of ordering, arranging or distributing; government; management; as, an agent is appointed, and every thing is left to his disposal. The effects in my hands are entirely at my disposal.", "4. Power or right of bestowing. Certain offices are at the disposal of the president. The father has the disposal of his daughter in marriage.", "5. The passing into a new state or into new hands."], "dispose": ["DISPOSE, v.t. dispoze. L.", "1. To set; to place or distribute; to arrange; used with reference to order. The ships were disposed in the form of a crescent. The general disposed his troops in three lines. The trees are disposed in the form of a quincunx.", "2. To regulate; to adjust; to set in right order. Job 34 and 37.", "The knightly forms of combat to dispose.", "3. To apply to a particular purpose; to give; to place; to bestow; as, you have disposed much in works of public piety. In this sense, to dispose of is more generally used.", "4. To set, place or turn to a particular end or consequence.", "Endure and conquer; Jove will soon dispose to future good our past and present woes.", "5. To adapt; to form for any purpose.", "Then must thou thee dispose another way.", "6. To set the mind in a particular frame; to incline. Avarice disposes men to fraud and oppression.", "Suspicions dispose kings to tyranny, husbands to jealousy, and wise men to irresolution and melancholy.", "He was disposed to pass into Achaia. Acts 18. 1 Corinthians 10:27.", "To dispose of,", "1. To part with; to alienate; as, the man has disposed of his house, and removed.", "2. To part with to another; to put into anothers hand or power; to bestow; as, the father has disposed of his daughter to a man of great worth.", "3. To give away or transfer by authority.", "A rural judge disposed of beautys prize.", "4. To direct the course of a thing. Proverbs 16.", "5. To place in any condition; as, how will you dispose of your son?", "6. To direct what to do or what course to pursue; as, they know not how to dispose of themselves.", "7. To use or employ; as, they know not how to dispose of their time.", "8. To put away. The stream supplies more water than can be disposed of.", "DISPOSE, v.i. To bargain; to make terms.", "DISPOSE, n.", "1. Disposal; power of disposing; management.", "2. Dispensation; act of government.", "3. Disposition; cast of behavior.", "4. Disposition; cast of mind; inclination."], "disposed": ["DISPOSED, pp. Set in order; arranged; placed; adjusted; applied; bestowed; inclined."], "disposer": ["DISPOSER, n.", "1. One who disposes; a distributor; a bestower; as a disposer of gifts.", "2. A director; a regulator.", "The Supreme Being is the rightful disposer of all events, and of all creatures.", "3. That which disposes."], "disposing": ["DISPOSING, ppr. Setting in order; arranging; distributing; bestowing; regulating; adjusting; governing.", "DISPOSING, n. The act of arranging; regulation; direction. Proverbs 16:33."], "disposition": ["DISPOSITION, n. L.", "1. The act of disposing, or state of being disposed.", "2. Manner in which things or the parts of a complex body are placed or arranged; order; method; distribution; arrangement. We speak of the disposition of the infantry and cavalry of an army; the disposition of the trees in an orchard; the disposition of the several parts of an edifice, of the parts of a discourse, or of the figures in painting.", "3. Natural fitness or tendency. The refrangibility of the rays of light is their disposition to be refracted. So we say, a disposition in plants to grow in a direction upwards; a disposition in bodies to putrefaction.", "4. Temper or natural constitution of the mind; as an amiable or an irritable disposition.", "5. Inclination; propensity; the temper or frame of mind, as directed to particular objects. We speak of the disposition of a person to undertake a particular work; the dispositions of men towards each other; a disposition friendly to any design.", "6. Disposal; alienation; distribution; a giving away or giving over to another; as, he has made disposition of his effects; he has satisfied his friends by the judicious disposition of his property."], "dispositive": ["DISPOSITIVE, a. That implies disposal. Not used."], "dispositively": ["DISPOSITIVELY, adv. In a dispositive manner; distributively. Not used."], "dispossess": ["DISPOSSESS, v.t. dis and possess. To put out of possession, by any means; to deprive of the actual occupancy of a thing, particularly of land or real estate; to deseize.", "Ye shall dispossess the inhabitants of the land, and dwell therein. Numbers 33.", "Usually followed by of, before the thing taken away; as, to dispossess a king of his crown."], "dispossessed": ["DISPOSSESSED, pp. Deprived of possession or occupancy."], "dispossessing": ["DISPOSSESSING, ppr. Depriving of possession; disseizing."], "dispossession": ["DISPOSSESSION, n. The act of putting out of possession."], "disputable": ["DISPUTABLE, a. See Dispute. That may be disputed; liable to be called in question, controverted or contested; controvertible; of doubtful certainty. We speak of disputable opinions, statements, propositions, arguments, points, cases, questions, &c."], "disputant": ["DISPUTANT, n. One who disputes; one who argues in opposition to another; a controvertist; a reasoner in opposition.", "DISPUTANT, a. Disputing; engaged in controversy."], "disputation": ["DISPUTATION, n. L.", "1. The act of disputing; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to something, or on opposite sides; controversy in words; verbal contest, respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, proposition or argument.", "2. An exercise in colleges, in which parties reason in opposition to each other, on some question proposed."], "disputative": ["DISPUTATIVE, a. Disposed to dispute; inclined to cavil or to reason in opposition; as a disputative temper."], "dispute": ["DISPUTE, v.i. L. Dispute is radically very similar to debate and discuss, both of which are from beating, driving, agitation.", "1. To contend in argument; to reason or argue in opposition; to debate; to altercate; and to dispute violently is to wrangle. Paul disputed with the Jews int he synagogue. The disciples of Christ disputed among themselves who should be the greatest. Men often dispute about trifles.", "2. To strive or contend in opposition in a competitor; as, we disputed for the prize.", "DISPUTE, v.t.", "1. To attempt to disprove by arguments or statements; to attempt to prove to be false, unfounded or erroneous; to controvert; to attempt to overthrow by reasoning. We dispute assertions, opinions, arguments or statements, when we endeavor to prove them false or unfounded. We dispute the validity of a title or claim. Hence to dispute a cause or case with another, is to endeavor to maintain ones own opinions or claims, and to overthrow those of his opponent.", "2. To strive or contend for, either by words or actions; as, to dispute the honor of the day; to dispute a prize. But this phrase is elliptical, being used for dispute for, and primarily the verb is intransitive. See the Intransitive Verb, No. 2.", "3. To call in question the propriety of; to oppose by reasoning. An officer is never to dispute the orders of his superior.", "4. To strive to maintain; as, to dispute every inch of ground.", "DISPUTE, n.", "1. Strife or contest in words or by arguments; an attempt to prove and maintain ones own opinions or claims, by arguments or statements, in opposition to the opinions, arguments or claims of another; controversy in words. They had a dispute on the lawfulness of slavery, a subject which, one would think, could admit of no dispute.", "Dispute is usually applied to verbal contest; controversy may be in words or writing.", "Dispute is between individuals; debate and discussion are applicable to public bodies.", "2. The possibility of being controverted; as in the phrase, this is a fact, beyond all dispute."], "disputed": ["DISPUTED, pp. Contested; opposed by words or arguments; litigated."], "disputer": ["DISPUTER, n. One who disputes, or who is given to disputes; a controvertist.", "Where is the disputer of this world. 1 Corinthians 1."], "disputing": ["DISPUTING, ppr. Contending by words or arguments; controverting.", "DISPUTING, n. The act of contending by words or arguments; controversy; altercation.", "Do all things without murmurings or disputings. Philippians 2."], "disquiet": ["DISQUIET, a. dis and quiet. Unquiet; restless; uneasy. Seldom used.", "DISQUIET, n. Want of quiet; uneasiness; restlessness; want of tranquility in body or mind; disturbance; anxiety.", "DISQUIET, v.t. To disturb; to deprive of peace, rest or tranquility; to make uneasy or restless; to harass the body; to fret or vex the mind.", "That he may disquiet the inhabitants of Babylon. Jeremiah 1.", "Why hast thou disquieted me. 1 Samuel 28.", "O my soul, why art thou disquieted within me? Psalm 42."], "disquieted": ["DISQUIETED, pp. Made uneasy or restless; disturbed; harassed."], "disquieter": ["DISQUIETER, n. One who disquiets; he or that which makes uneasy."], "disquietful": ["DISQUIETFUL, a. Producing inquietude."], "disquieting": ["DISQUIETING, ppr.", "1. Disturbing; making uneasy; depriving of rest or peace.", "2. a. Tending to disturb the mind; as disquieting apprehensions."], "disquietness": ["DISQUIETNESS, n. Uneasiness; restlessness; disturbance of peace in body or mind."], "disquietous": ["DISQUIETOUS, a. Causing uneasiness. Not used."], "dissemblance": ["DISSEMBLANCE, n. dis and semblance. Want of resemblance. Little used."], "dissemble": ["DISSEMBLE, v.t. L.", "1. To hide under a false appearance; to conceal; to disguise; to pretend that not to be which really is; as, I will not dissemble the truth; I cannot dissemble my real sentiments. This is the proper sense of this word.", "2. To pretend that to be which is not; to make a false appearance of. This is the sense of simulate.", "Your son Lucentio doth love my daughter, and she loveth him, or both dissemble deeply their affections.", "DISSEMBLE, v.i. To be hypocritical; to assume a false appearance; to conceal the real fact, motives, intention or sentiments under some pretense.", "Ye have stolen and dissembled also. Joshua 7.", "He that hateth, dissembleth with his lips. Proverbs 26."], "dissembled": ["DISSEMBLED, pp. Concealed under a false appearance; disguised."], "dissembler": ["DISSEMBLER, n. One who dissembles; a hypocrite; one who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false appearance."], "dissembling": ["DISSEMBLING, ppr. Hiding under a false appearance; acting the hypocrite."], "dissemblingly": ["DISSEMBLINGLY, adv. With dissimulation; hypocritically; falsely."], "dissension": ["DISSENSION, n. L., to think. Disagreement in opinion, usually a disagreement which is violent, producing warm debates or angry words; contention in words; strife; discord; quarrel; breach of friendship and union.", "Debates, dissensions, uproars are thy joy.", "Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension with them. Acts 15.", "We see dissensions in church and state, in towns, parishes, and families, and the word is sometimes applied to differences which produce war; as the dissensions between the houses of York and Lancaster in England."], "dissimulation": ["DISSIMULATION, n. L., to make like; like. The act of dissembling; a hiding under a false appearance; a feigning; false pretension; hypocrisy. Dissimulation may be simply concealment of the opinions, sentiments or purpose; but it includes also the assuming of a false or counterfeit appearance which conceals the real opinions or purpose. Dissimulation among statesmen is sometimes regarded as a necessary vice, or as no vice at all.", "Let love be without dissimulation. Romans 12."], "dissimule": ["DISSIMULE, v.t. To dissemble. Not in use."], "dissolvable": ["DISSOLVABLE, a. Dizzolvable. See Dissolve. That may be dissolved; capable of being melted; that may be converted into a fluid. Sugar and ice are dissolvable bodies."], "dissolve": ["DISSOLVE, v.t. dizzolv. L., to loose, to free.", "1. To melt; to liquefy; to convert from a solid or fixed state to a fluid state, by means of heat or moisture.", "To desolve by heat, is to loosen the parts of a solid body and render them fluid or easily movable. Thus ice is converted into water by dissolution.", "To dissolve in a liquid, is to separate the parts of a solid substance, and cause them to mix with the fluid; or to reduce a solid substance into minute parts which may be sustained in that fluid. Thus water dissolves salt and sugar.", "2. To disunite; to break; to separate.", "Seeing then that all these things shall be dissolved, what manner of persons ought ye to be in all holy conversation and godliness? 2 Peter 3.", "3. To loose; to disunite.", "Down fell the duke, his joints dissolved.", "4. To loose the ties or bonds of any thing; to destroy an connected system; as, to dissolve a government; to dissolve a corporation.", "5. To loose; to break; as, to dissolve a league; to dissolve the bonds of friendship.", "6. To break up; to cause to separate; to put an end to; as, to dissolve the parliament; to dissolve an assembly.", "7. To clear; to solve; to remove; to dissipate, or to explain; as, to dissolve doubts. We usually say, to solve doubts and difficulties.", "8. To break; to destroy; as, to dissolve a charm, spell or enchantment.", "9. To loosen or relax; to make languid; as dissolved in pleasure.", "10. To waste away; to consume; to cause to vanish or perish.", "Thou dissolvest my substance. Job 30.", "11. To annul; to rescind; as, to dissolve an injunction.", "DISSOLVE, v.i. dizzolv.", "1. To be melted; to be converted from a solid to a fluid state; as, sugar dissolves in water.", "2. To sink away; to lose strength and firmness.", "3. To melt away in pleasure; to become soft or languid.", "4. To fall asunder; to crumble; to be broken. A government may dissolve by its own weight or extent.", "5. To waste away; to perish; to be decomposed. Flesh dissolves by putrefaction.", "6. To come to an end by a separation of parts."], "dissolved": ["DISSOLVED, pp. Melted; liquefied; disunited; parted; loosed; relaxed; wasted away; ended.", "Dissolved blood, is that which does not readily coagulate."], "dissolvent": ["DISSOLVENT, a. Having power to melt or dissolve; as the dissolvent juices of the stomach.", "DISSOLVENT, n.", "1. Any thing which has the power or quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into a fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that they mix with a liquid; as, water is a dissolvent of salts and earths. It is otherwise called a menstruum.", "2. In medicine, a remedy supposed capable of dissolving concretions in the body, such as calculi, tubercles, &c."], "dissolver": ["DISSOLVER, n. That which dissolves or has the power of dissolving. Heat is the most powerful dissolver of substances."], "dissolving": ["DISSOLVING, ppr. Melting; making or becoming liquid."], "distaff": ["DISTAFF, n.", "1. The staff of a spinning-wheel, to which a bunch of flax or tow is tied, and from which the thread is drawn.", "She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. Proverbs 31.", "2. Figuratively, a woman, or the female sex.", "His crown usurped, a distaff on the throne."], "distant": ["DISTANT, a. L., standing apart.", "1. Separate; having an intervening space of any indefinite extent. One point may be less than a line or a hairs breadth distant from another. Saturn is supposed to be nearly nine hundred million miles distant from the sun.", "2. Remote in place; as, a distant object appears under a small angle.", "3. Remote in time, past or future; as a distant age or period of the world.", "4. Remote in the line of succession or descent, indefinitely; as a distant descendant; a distant ancestor; distant posterity.", "5. Remote in natural connection or consanguinity; as a distant relation; distant kindred; a distant collateral line.", "6. Remote in nature; not allied; not agreeing with or in conformity to; as practice very distant from principles or profession.", "7. Remote in view; slight; faint; not very likely to be realized; as, we have a distant hope or prospect of seeing better times.", "8. Remote in connection; slight; faint; indirect; not easily seen or understood; as a distant hint or allusion to a person or subject. So also we say, a distant idea; a distant thought; a distant resemblance.", "9. Reserved; shy; implying haughtiness, coldness of affection, indifference, or disrespect; as, the manners of a person are distant."], "distantly": ["DISTANTLY, adv. Remotely; at a distance; with reserve."], "distill": ["DISTILL, v.i. L., to drop; a drop. Gr.", "1. To drop; to fall in drops.", "Soft showers distilld, and suns grew warm in vain.", "2. To flow gently, or in a small stream.", "The Euphrates distilleth out of the mountains of Armenia.", "3. To use a still; to practice distillation.", "DISTILL, v.t.", "1. To let fall in drops; to throw down in drops. The clouds distill water on the earth.", "The dew, which on the tender grass the evening had distilled.", "2. To extract by heat; to separate spirit or essential oils from liquor by heat or evaporation, and convert that vapor into a liquid by condensation in a refrigeratory; to separate the volatile parts of a substance by heat; to rectify; as, to distill brandy from wine, or spirit form melasses.", "3. To extract spirit from, by evaporation and condensation; as, to distill cyder or melasses; to distill wine.", "4. To extract the pure part of a fluid; as, to distill water.", "5. To dissolve or melt. Unusual.", "Swords by the lightnings subtle force distilled."], "distillable": ["DISTILLABLE, a. That may be distilled; fit for distillation."], "distillation": ["DISTILLATION, n.", "1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring or throwing down in drops.", "2. The vaporization and subsequent condensation of a liquid by means of an alembic, or still and refrigeratory, or of a retort and receiver; the operation of extracting spirit from a substance by evaporation and condensation; rectification.", "3. The substance extracted by distilling.", "4. That which falls in drops."], "distilled": ["DISTILLED, pp. Let fall or thrown down inn drops; subjected to the process of distillation; extracted by evaporation."], "distiller": ["DISTILLER, n. One who distills; one whose occupation is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation."], "distilling": ["DISTILLING, ppr. Dropping; letting fall in drops; extracting by distillation."], "distillment": ["DISTILLMENT, n. That which is drawn by distillation."], "distinct": ["DISTINCT, a. L. See Distinguish.", "1. Literally, having the difference marked; separated by a visible sign, or by a note or mark; as a place distinct by name.", "2. Different; separate; not the same in number or kind; as, he holds tow distinct offices; he is known by distinct titles.", "3. Separate in place; not conjunct; as, the two regiments marched together, but had distinct encampments.", "4. So separated as not to be confounded with any other thing; clear; not confused. To reason correctly we must have distinct ideas. We have a distinct or indistinct view of a prospect.", "5. Spotted; variegated.", "Tempestuous fell his arrows from the fourfold-visagd four, distinct with eyes.", "DISTINCT, v.t. To distinguish. Not in use."], "distinction": ["DISTINCTION, n. L.", "1. The act of separating or distinguishing.", "2. A note or mark of difference. Seldom used.", "3. Difference made; a separation or disagreement in kind or qualities, by which one thing is known from another. We observe a distinction between matter and spirit; a distinction between matter and spirit; a distinction between the animal and vegetable kingdoms; a distinction between good and evil, right and wrong; between sound reasoning and sophistry.", "4. Difference regarded; separation; preference; as in the phrase, without distinction, which denotes promiscuously, all together, alike.", "Maids, women, wives, without distinction fall.", "5. Separation; division; as the distinction of tragedy into acts.", "In this sense, division would be preferable.", "6. Notation of difference; discrimination; as a distinction between real and apparent good.", "In classing the qualities of actions, it is necessary to make accurate distinctions.", "7. Eminence; superiority; elevation of rank in society, or elevation of character; honorable estimation. Men who hold a high rank by birth or office, and men who are eminent fro their talents, services or worth, are called men of distinction, as being raised above others by positive institutions or by reputation. So we say, a man of note.", "8. That which confers eminence or superiority; office, rank or public favor.", "9. Discernment; judgment."], "distinctive": ["DISTINCTIVE, a.", "1. That marks distinction or difference; as distinctive names or titles.", "2. Having the power to distinguish and discern. Less proper."], "distinctively": ["DISTINCTIVELY, adv. With distinction; plainly."], "distinctness": ["DISTINCTNESS, n.", "1. The quality or state of being distinct; a separation or difference that prevents confusion of parts or things; as the distinctness of two ideas, or of distant objects.", "2. Nice discrimination; whence, clearness; precision; as, he stated his arguments with great distinctness."], "distinctly": ["DISTINCTLY, adv.", "1. Separately; with distinctness; not confusedly; without the blending of one part or thing with another; as a proposition distinctly understood; a figure distinctly defined. Hence,", "2. Clearly; plainly; as, to view an object distinctly."], "distract": ["DISTRACT, v.t. L., to draw. See draw and drag. The old participle distraught is obsolete.", "1. Literally, to draw apart; to pull in different directions, and separate. Hence, to divide; to separate; and hence, to throw into confusion. Sometimes in a literal sense. Contradictory or mistaken orders may distract an army.", "2. To turn or draw from any object; to divert from any point, towards another point or toward various other objects; as, to distract the eye or the attention.", "If he cannot avoid the eye of the observer, he hopes to distract it by a multiplicity of the object.", "3. To draw towards different objects; to fill with different considerations; to perplex; to confound; to harass; as, to distract the mind with cares; you distract me with your clamor.", "While I suffer thy terrors, I am distracted. Psalm 88.", "4. To disorder the reason; the derange the regular operations of intellect; to render raving or furious; most frequently used in the participle distracted.", "DISTRACT, a. Mad. Not in use."], "distracted": ["DISTRACTED, pp.", "1. Drawn apart; drawn in different directions; diverted from its object; perplexed; harassed; confounded.", "2. a. Deranged; disordered in intellect; raving; furious; mad; frantic."], "distracter": ["DISTRACTER, n. One who distracts."], "distracting": ["DISTRACTING, ppr. Drawing apart; separating; diverting from an object; perplexing; harassing; disordering the intellect."], "distraction": ["DISTRACTION, n. L.", "1. The act of distracting; a drawing apart; separation.", "2. Confusion from a multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind and calling the attention different ways; perturbation of mind; perplexity; as, the family was in a state of distraction. See 1 Corinthians 7.", "3. Confusion of affairs; tumult; disorder; as political distractions.", "Never was known a night of such distraction.", "4. Madness; a state of disordered reason; franticness; furiousness. We usually apply this word to a state of derangement which produces raving and violence in the patient.", "5. Folly in the extreme, or amounting to insanity.", "On the supposition of the truth of the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, irreligion is nothing better than distraction."], "distractive": ["DISTRACTIVE, a. Causing perplexity; as distractive cases."], "distress": ["DISTRESS, n. See Stress.", "1. The act of distraining; the taking of any personal chattel from a wrong-doer, to answer a demand, or procure satisfaction for a wrong committed.", "2. The thing taken by distraining; that which is seized to procure satisfaction.", "A distress of household goods shall be impounded under cover. If the lessor does not find sufficient distress on the premises, &c.", "3. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; as, to suffer great distress from the gout, or from the loss of near friends.", "4. Affliction; calamity; misery.", "On earth distress of nations. Luke 21.", "5. A state of danger; as a ship in distress, from leaking, loss of spars, or want of provisions or water, &c.", "DISTRESS, v.t.", "1. To pain; to afflict with pain or anguish; applied to the body or the mind. Literally, to press or strain.", "2. To afflict greatly; to harass; to oppress with calamity; to make miserable.", "Distress not the Moabites. Deuteronomy 2.", "We are troubled on every side, but not distressed. 2 Corinthians 4.", "3. To compel by pain or suffering.", "There are men who can neither be distressed nor won into a sacrifice of duty."], "distressed": ["DISTRESSED, pp. Suffering great pain or torture; severely afflicted; harassed; oppressed with calamity or misfortune."], "distressful": ["DISTRESSFUL, a.", "1. Inflicting or bringing distress; as a distressful stroke.", "2. Indicating distress; proceeding from pain or anguish; as distressful cries.", "3. Calamitous; as a distressful event.", "4. Attended with poverty; as distressful bread."], "distressing": ["DISTRESSING, ppr.", "1. Giving severe pain; oppressing with affliction.", "2. a. Very afflicting; affecting with severe pain; as a distressing sickness."], "distributable": ["DISTRIBUTABLE, a. See Distribute. That may be distributed; that may be assigned in portions."], "distribute": ["DISTRIBUTE, v.t. L., to give or divide.", "1. To divide among two or more; to deal; to give or bestow in parts or portions. Moses distributed lands to the tribes of Israel. Christ distributed the loaves to his disciples.", "2. To dispense; to administer; as, to distribute justice.", "3. To divide or separate, as into classes, orders, kinds or species.", "4. To give in charity.", "Distributing to the necessities of the saints. Romans 12.", "5. In printing, to separate types, and place them in their proper cells in the cases."], "distributed": ["DISTRIBUTED, pp. Divided among a number; dealt out; assigned in portions; separated; bestowed."], "distributer": ["DISTRIBUTER, n. One who divides or deals out in parts; one who bestows in portions; a dispenser."], "distributing": ["DISTRIBUTING, ppr. Dividing among a number; dealing out; dispensing."], "distribution": ["DISTRIBUTION, n. L.", "1. The act of dividing among a number; a dealing in parts or portions; as the distribution of an estate among heirs or children.", "2. The act of giving in charity; a bestowing in parts.", "3. Dispensation; administration to numbers; a rendering to individuals; as the distribution of justice.", "4. The act of separating into distinct parts or classes; as the distribution of plants into genera and species.", "5. In architecture, the dividing and disposing of the several parts of the building, according to some plan, or to the rules of the art.", "6. In rhetoric, a division and enumeration of the several qualities of a subject.", "7. In general, the division and disposition of the parts of any thing.", "8. In printing, the taking a form apart; the separating of the types, and placing each letter in its proper cell in the cases."], "distributive": ["DISTRIBUTIVE, a.", "1. That distributes; that divides and assigns in portions; that deals to each his proper share; as distributive justice.", "2. That assigns the various species of a general term.", "3. That separates or divides; as a distributive adjective.", "DISTRIBUTIVE, n. In grammar, a word that divides or distributes, as each and every, which represent the individuals of a collective number as separate."], "distributively": ["DISTRIBUTIVELY, adv. By distribution; singly; not collectively."], "distributiveness": ["DISTRIBUTIVENESS, n. Desire of distributing. Little used."], "ditch": ["DITCH, n. G.", "1. A trench in the earth made by digging, particularly a trench for draining wet land, or for making a fence to guard inclosures, or for preventing an enemy from approaching a town or fortress. In the latter sense, it is called also a foss or moat, and is dug round the rampart or wall between the scarp and counterscarp.", "2. Any long, hollow receptacle of water.", "DITCH, v.i. To dig or make a ditch or ditches.", "DITCH, v.t.", "1. To dig a ditch or ditches in; to drain by a ditch; as, to ditch moist land.", "2. To surround with a ditch."], "ditching": ["DITCHING, ppr. Digging ditches; also, draining by a ditch or ditches; as ditching a swamp."], "diver": ["DIVER, n.", "1. One who dives; one who plunges head first into water; one who sinks by effort; as a diver in the pearl fishery.", "2. One who goes deep into a subject, or enters deep into study.", "3. A fowl, so called from diving. The name is given to several species of the genus Colymbus."], "divers": ["DIVERS, a. S as z. L., to turn.", "1. Different; various.", "Thou shalt not sow thy fields with divers seeds. Deuteronomy 21.", "Nor let thy cattle gender with divers kinds. Leviticus 19.", "This is now generally written diverse.", "2. Several; sundry; more than one, but not a great number. We have divers examples of this kind. This word is not obsolete even in common discourse, and is much used in law proceedings."], "diverse": ["DIVERSE, a. L.", "1. Different; differing.", "Four great beasts came up from the sea, diverse one from another. Daniel 7.", "2. Different from itself; various; multiform.", "Eloquence is a diverse thing.", "3. In different directions.", "And with tendrils creep diverse.", "DIVERSE, v.i. divers. To turn aside. Not used."], "diversion": ["DIVERSION, n. L., to divert.", "1. The act of turning aside from any course; as the diversion of a stream from its usual channel; the diversion of a purpose to another object; the diversion of the mind from business or study.", "2. That which diverts; that which turns or draws the mind from care, business or study, and thus relaxes and amuses; sport; play; pastime; whatever unbends the mind; as the diversion of youth. Works of wit and humor furnish an agreeable diversion to the studious.", "3. In war, the act of drawing the attention and force of an enemy from the point where the principal attack is to be made, as by an attack or alarm on one wing of an army, when the other wing or center is intended for the principal attack. The enemy, if deceived, is thus induced to withdraw a part of his force from the part where his foe intends to make the main impression."], "diversity": ["DIVERSITY, n. L.", "1. Difference; dissimilitude; unlikeness. There may be diversity without contrariety. There is a great diversity in human constitutions.", "2. Variety; as a diversity of ceremonies in churches.", "3. Distinct being, as opposed to identity.", "4. Variegation.", "Blushing in bright diversities of day."], "dividable": ["DIVIDABLE, a. See Divide.", "1. That may be divided.", "2. Separate; parted. Not used nor proper."], "divide": ["DIVIDE, v.t. L., to part. See the latter words.", "1. To part or separate an entire thing; to part a thing into two or more pieces.", "Divide the living child in two. 1 Kings 3.", "2. To cause to be separate; to keep apart by a partition or by an imaginary line or limit. A wall divides two houses. The equator divides the earth into two hemispheres.", "Let the firmament divide the waters from the waters. Genesis 1.", "3. To make partition of, among a number.", "Ye shall divide the land by lot. Numbers 33.", "4. To open; to cleave.", "Thou dist divide the sea. Nehemiah 9.", "5. To disunite in opinion or interest; to make discordant.", "There shall be five in one house divided, three against two--Luke 12.", "6. To distribute; to separate and bestow in parts or shares.", "And he divided to them his living. Luke 15.", "7. To make dividends; to apportion the interest or profits of stock among proprietors; as, the bank divides six per cent.", "8. To separate into two parts, for ascertaining opinions for and against a measure; as, to divide a legislative house, in voting.", "DIVIDE, v.i.", "1. To part; to open; to cleave.", "2. To break friendship; as, brothers divide.", "3. To vote by the division of a legislative house into two parts.", "The emperors sat, voted and divided with their equals."], "divided": ["DIVIDED, pp. Parted; disunited; distributed."], "divider": ["DIVIDER, n.", "1. He or that which divides; that which separates into parts.", "2. A distributor; one who deals out to each his share.", "Who made me a judge or divider over you. Luke 12.", "3. He or that which disunites.", "4. A kind of compasses."], "dividing": ["DIVIDING, ppr.", "1. Parting; separating; distributing; disuniting; apportioning to each his share.", "2. a. That indicates separation or difference; as a dividing line.", "DIVIDING, n. Separation."], "divination": ["DIVINATION, n. L., to foretell. See Divine.", "1. The act of divining; a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or obscure, by the aid of superior beings, or by other than human means. The ancient heathen philosophers divided divination into two kinds, natural and artificial. Natural divination was supposed to be effected by a kind of inspiration or divine afflatus; artificial divination was effected by certain rites, experiments or observations, as by sacrifices, cakes, flour, wine, observation of entrails, flight of birds, lots, verses, omens, position of the stars, &c.", "2. Conjectural presage; prediction."], "divinator": ["DIVINATOR, n. One who pretends to divination."], "divine": ["DIVINE, a. L., a god.", "1. Pertaining to the true God; as the divine nature; divine perfections.", "2. Pertaining to a heathen deity, or to false gods.", "3. Partaking of the nature of God.", "Half human, half divine.", "4. Proceeding from God; as divine judgments.", "5. Godlike; heavenly; excellent in the highest degree; extraordinary; apparently above what is human. In this application the word admits of comparison; as a divine invention; a divine genius; the divinest mind.", "A divine sentence is in the lips of the king. Proverbs 16.", "6. Presageful; foreboding; prescient. Not used.", "7. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his praise; as divine service; divine songs; divine worship.", "DIVINE, n.", "1. A minister of the gospel; a priest; a clergyman.", "The first divines of New England were surpassed by none in extensive erudition, personal sanctity, and diligence in the pastoral office.", "2. A man skilled in divinity; a theologian; as a great divine.", "DIVINE, v.t. L.", "1. To foreknow; to foretell; to presage.", "Darst thou divine his downfall?", "2. To deify. Not in use.", "DIVINE, v.i.", "1. To use or practice divination.", "2. To utter presages or prognostications.", "The prophets thereof divine for money. Micah 3.", "3. To have presages or forebodings.", "Suggest but truth to my divining thoughts--", "4. To guess or conjecture.", "Could you divine what lovers bear."], "divinely": ["DIVINELY, adv.", "1. In a divine or godlike manner; in a manner resembling deity.", "2. By the agency or influence of God; as a prophet divinely inspired; divinely taught.", "3. Excellently; in the supreme degree; as divinely fair; divinely brave."], "divineness": ["DIVINENESS, n.", "1. Divinity; participation of the divine nature; as the divineness of the scriptures. Little used.", "2. Excellence in the supreme degree."], "diviner": ["DIVINER, n.", "1. One who professes divination; one who pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by the aid of superior beings, or of supernatural means.", "These nations hearkened to diviners. Deuteronomy 18.", "2. One who guesses; a conjecturer."], "divinity": ["DIVINITY, n. L.", "1. The state of being divine; Deity; Godhead; the nature or essence of God. Christians ascribe divinity to one Supreme Being only.", "2. God; the Deity; the Supreme Being.", "Tis the Divinity that stirs within us.", "3. A false God; a pretended deity of pagans.", "Beastly divinities, and droves of gods.", "4. A celestial being, inferior to the Supreme God, but superior to man. Many nations believe in these inferior divinities.", "5. Something supernatural.", "They say there is divinity in odd numbers.", "6. The science of divine things; the science which unfolds the character of God, his laws and moral government, the duties of man, and the way of salvation; theology; as the study of divinity; a system of divinity."], "divisibility": ["DIVISIBILITY, n. L. See Divide. The quality of being divisible; the property of bodies by which their parts or component particles are capable of separation."], "divisible": ["DIVISIBLE, a. S as z. L. See Divide. Capable of division; that may be separated or disunited; separable. Matter is divisible indefinitely."], "divisibleness": ["DIVISIBLENESS, n. Divisibility; capacity of being separated."], "division": ["DIVISION, n. S as z. L. See Divide.", "1. The act of dividing or separating into parts, any entire body.", "2. The state of being divided.", "3. That which divides or separates; that which keeps apart; partition.", "4. The part separated from the rest by a partition or line, real or imaginary; as the divisions of a field.", "5. A separate body of men; as, communities and divisions of men.", "6. A part or distinct portion; as the divisions of a discourse.", "7. A part of an army or militia; a body consisting of a certain number of brigades usually two, and commanded by a major general. But the term is often applied to other bodies or portions of an army, as to a brigade, a squadron or a platoon.", "8. A part of a fleet, or a select number of ships under a commander, and distinguished by a particular flag or pendant.", "9. Disunion; discord; variance; difference.", "There was a division among the people. John 7.", "10. Space between the notes of music, or the dividing of the tones.", "11. Distinction.", "I will put a division between my people and thy people. Exodus 8.", "12. The separation of voters in a legislative house.", "13. In arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any parts assigned; or the rule by which is found how many times one number is contained in another."], "divisive": ["DIVISIVE, a.", "1. Forming division or distribution.", "2. Creating division or discord."], "divorce": ["DIVORCE, n. L. See Divert.", "1. A legal dissolution of the bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and wife by a judicial sentence. This is properly called a divorce, and called technically, divorce a vinculo matrimonii.", "2. The separation of a married woman from the bed and board of her husband, a mensa et thoro.", "3. Separation; disunion of things closely united.", "4. The sentence or writing by which marriage is dissolved.", "5. The cause of any penal separation.", "The long divorce of steel falls on me.", "DIVORCE, v.t.", "1. To dissolve the marriage contract, and thus to separate husband and wife.", "2. To separate, as a married woman from the bed and board of her husband.", "3. To separate or disunite things closely connected; to force asunder.", "4. To take away; to put away."], "divorced": ["DIVORCED, pp. Separated by a dissolution of the marriage contract; separated from bed and board; parted; forced asunder."], "divorcement": ["DIVORCEMENT, n. Divorce; dissolution of the marriage tie.", "Let him write her a bill of divorcement. Deuteronomy 24."], "divorcer": ["DIVORCER, n.", "1. The person or cause that produces divorce.", "2. One of a sect called divorcers, said to have sprung from Milton."], "divorcing": ["DIVORCING, ppr. Dissolving the marriage contract; separating from bed and board; disuniting."], "divorcive": ["DIVORCIVE, a. Having power to divorce."], "do": ["DO, v.t. or auxiliary; pret. Did; pp. Done, pronounced dun. This verb, when transitive, is formed in the indicative, present tense, thus, I do, thou doest, he does or doth; when auxiliary, the second person is, thou dost. G.", "1. To perform; to execute; to carry into effect; to exert labor or power for brining any thing to the state desired, or to completion; or to bring any thing to pass. We say, this man does his work well; he does more in one day than some men will do in two days.", "In six days thou shalt do all thy work. Exodus 20.", "I will teach you what ye shall do. Exodus 4.", "I the Lord do all these things. Isaiah 45.", "2. To practice; to perform; as, to do good or evil.", "3. To perform for the benefit or injury of another; with for or to; for, when the thing is beneficial; to, in either case.", "Till I know what God will do for me. 1 Samuel 22.", "Do to him neither good nor evil. But to is more generally omitted. Do him neither good nor harm.", "4. To execute; to discharge; to convey; as, do a message to the king.", "5. To perform; to practice; to observe.", "We lie and do not the truth. 1 John 1.", "6. To exert.", "Do thy diligence to come shortly to me. 2 Timothy 4.", "7. To transact; as, to do business with another.", "8. To finish; to execute or transact and bring to a conclusion. The sense of completion is often implied in this verb; as, we will do the business and adjourn; we did the business and dined.", "9. To perform in an exigency; to have recourse to, as a consequential or last effort; to take a step or measure; as, in this crisis, we knew not what to do.", "What will ye do in the day of visitation. Isaiah 10.", "10. To make or cause.", "Nothing but death can do me to respire.", "11. To put.", "Who should do the duke to death?", "12. To answer the purpose.", "Ill make the songs of Durfy do.", "To have to do, to have concern with.", "What have I to do with you? 2 Samuel 16.", "What have I to do any more with idols? Hosea 14.", "To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ. Commerce is dull; we know not what to do with our ships. Idle men know not what to do with their time or with themselves. Also, to gain; to effect by influence.", "A jest with a sad brow will do with a fellow who never had the ache in his shoulders.", "I can do nothing with this obstinate fellow.", "Also, to have concern with; to have business; to deal. See No. 12.", "To do away, to remove; to destroy; as, to do away imperfections; to do away prejudices.", "DO, v.i.", "1. To act or behave, in any manner, well or ill; to conduct ones self.", "They fear not the Lord, neither do they after the law and commandment. 2 Kings 17.", "2. To fare; to be in a state with regard to sickness or health.", "How dost thou?", "We asked him how he did. How do you do, or how do you?", "3. To succeed; to accomplish a purpose. We shall do without him. Will this plan do? Also, to fit; to be adapted; to answer the design; with for; as, this piece of timber will do for the corner post; this tenon will do for the mortise; the road is repaired and will do for the present.", "To have to do with, to have concern or business with; to deal with. Have little to do with jealous men. Also, to have carnal commerce with.", "Do is used for a verb to save the repetition of it. I shall probably come, but if I do not, you must not wait; that is, if I do not come, if I come not.", "Do is also used in the imperative, to express an urgent request or command; as, do come; help me, do; make haste, do. In this case, do is uttered with emphasis.", "As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions. Do you intend to go? Does he wish me to come?", "Do is also used to express emphasis. She is coquetish, but still I do love her.", "Do is sometimes a mere expletive.", "This just reproach their virtue does excite.", "Expletives their feeble aid do join.", "The latter use of do is nearly obsolete.", "Do is sometimes used by way of opposition; as, I did love him, but he has lost my affections."], "doing": ["DOING, ppr. See Do. Performing; executing."], "doings": ["DOINGS, n. Plu.", "1. Things done; transactions; feats; actions, good or bad.", "2. Behavior; conduct.", "3. Stir; bustle."], "doctor": ["DOCTOR, n. L., to teach.", "1. A teacher.", "There stood up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law. Acts 5.", "2. One who has passed all the degrees of a faculty, and is empowered to practice and teach it, as a doctor in divinity, in physic, in law; or according to modern usage, ad person who has received the highest degree in a faculty. The degree of doctor is conferred by universities and colleges, as an honorary mark of literary distinction. It is also conferred on physicians, as a professional degree.", "3. A learned man; a man skilled in a profession; a man of erudition.", "4. A physician; one whose occupation is to cure diseases.", "5. The title, doctor, is given to certain fathers of the church whose opinions are received as authorities, and in the Greek church, it is given to a particular officer who interprets the scriptures.", "Doctors Commons, the college of civilians in London.", "DOCTOR, v.t. To apply medicines for the cure of diseases. A popular use of this word, but not elegant.", "DOCTOR, v.i. To practice physic. Not elegant."], "doctoral": ["DOCTORAL, a. Relating to the degree of a doctor."], "doctorally": ["DOCTORALLY, adv. In the manner of a doctor."], "doctorate": ["DOCTORATE, n. The degree of a doctor.", "DOCTORATE, v.t. To make a doctor by conferring a degree."], "doctrinal": ["DOCTRINAL, a. See Doctrine.", "1. Pertaining to doctrine; containing a doctrine or something taught; as a doctrinal observation; a doctrinal proposition.", "2. Pertaining to the act or means of teaching.", "The word of God serveth no otherwise, than in the nature of a doctrinal instrument.", "DOCTRINAL, n. Something that is a part of doctrine."], "doctrinally": ["DOCTRINALLY, adv In the form of doctrine or instruction; by way of teaching or positive direction."], "doctrine": ["DOCTRINE, n. L., to teach.", "1. In a general sense, whatever is taught. Hence, a principle or position in any science; whatever is laid down as true by an instructor or master. The doctrines of the gospel are the principles or truths taught by Christ and his apostles. The doctrines of Plato are the principles which he taught. Hence a doctrine may be true or false; it may be a mere tenet or opinion.", "2. The act of teaching.", "He taught them many things by parables, and said to them in his doctrine. Mark 4.", "3. Learning; knowledge.", "Whom shall he make to understand doctrine? Isaiah 28.", "4. The truths of the gospel in general.", "That they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior in all things. Titus 2.", "5. Instruction and confirmation in the truths of the gospel. 2 Timothy 3."], "dodo": ["DODO, n. The Didus, a genus of fowls of the gallinaceous order. The hooded dodo is large than a swan, with a strong hooked bill. The general color of the plumage is cinereous; the belly and thighs whitish. The head is large, and seems as if covered with a hood. The solitary dodo is a large fowl, and is said to weigh sometimes forty five pounds. The plumage is gray and brown mixed."], "doer": ["DOER, n. from do.", "1. One who does; one who performs or executes; an actor; an agent.", "2. One who performs what is required; one who observes, keeps or obeys, in practice.", "The doers of the law shall be justified. Romans 2."], "dog": ["DOG, n.", "1. A species of quadrupeds, belonging to the genus Canis, of many varieties, as the mastiff, the hound, the spaniel, the shepherds dog, the terrier, the harrier, the bloodhound, &c.", "2. It is used for male, when applied to several other animals; as a dog-fox; a dog-otter; dog-ape. It is prefixed to other words, denoting what is mean, degenerate or worthless; as dog-rose.", "3. An andiron, so named from the figure of a dogs head on the top.", "4. A term of reproach or contempt given to a man.", "5. A constellation called Sirius or Canicula. See Dog-day.", "6. An iron hook or bar with a sharp fang, used by seamen.", "7. An iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of timber in a saw-pit.", "8. A gay young man; a buck. Not in use.", "To give or throw to the dogs, is to throw away, as useless.", "To go to the dogs, is to be ruined.", "DOG, v.t. To hunt; to follow insidiously or indefatigably; to follow close; to urge; to worry with importunity.", "I have been pursued, dogged and way-laid."], "dogged": ["DOGGED, pp.", "1. Pursued closely; urged frequently and importunately.", "2. a. Sullen; sour; morose; surly; severe."], "dogging": ["DOGGING, ppr. from dog. Hunting; pursuing incessantly or importunately."], "dole": ["DOLE, n. See Deal.", "1. The act of dealing or distributing; as the power of dole and donative. Not in use.", "2. That which is dealt or distributed; a part, share or portion.", "3. That which is given in charity; gratuity.", "4. Blows dealt out.", "5. Boundary. Not in use.", "6. A void space left in tillage. Local.", "DOLE, n. L., pain, grief. Grief; sorrow.", "DOLE, v.t. To deal; to distribute. Not used."], "doleful": ["DOLEFUL, a. dole and full.", "1. Sorrowful; expressing grief; as a doleful whine; a doleful cry.", "2. Melancholy; sad; afflicted; as a doleful sire.", "3. Dismal; impressing sorrow; gloomy; as doleful shades."], "dolefulness": ["DOLEFULNESS, n. Sorrow; melancholy; querulousness; gloominess; dismalness."], "dominion": ["DOMINION, n. L. See Dominant.", "1. Sovereign or supreme authority; the power of governing and controlling.", "The dominion of the Most High is an everlasting dominion. Daniel 4.", "2. Power to direct, control, use and dispose of at pleasure; right of possession and use without being accountable; as the private dominion of individuals.", "3. Territory under a government; region; country; district governed, or within the limits of the authority of a prince or state; as the British dominions.", "4. Government; right of governing. Jamaica is under the dominion of Great Britain.", "5. Predominance; ascendant.", "6. An order of angels.", "Whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers. Colossians 1.", "7. Persons governed.", "Judah was his sanctuary; Israel his dominion. Psalm 114."], "done": ["DONE, pp. Dun. See Do.", "1. Performed; executed; finished.", "2. A word by which agreement to a proposal is expressed; as in laying a wager, an offer being made, the person accepting or agreeing says, done; that is, it is agreed, I agree, I accept."], "donee": ["DONEE, n. L., to give.", "1. The person to whom a gift or donation is made.", "2. The person to whom lands or tenements are given or granted; as a donee in fee-simple or fee-tail."], "door": ["DOOR, n. G., Gr.", "1. An opening or passage into a house, or other building, or into any room, apartment or closet, by which persons enter. Such a passage is seldom or never called a gate.", "2. The frame of boards, or any piece of board or plank that shuts the opening of a house or closes the entrance into an apartment or any inclosure, and usually turning on hinges.", "3. In familiar language, a house; often in the plural, doors. My house is the first door from the corner. We have also the phrases, within doors, in the house; without doors, out of the house, abroad.", "4. Entrance; as the door of life.", "5. Avenue; passage; means of approach or access. An unforgiving temper shuts the door against reconciliation, or the door of reconciliation.", "I am the door; by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved. John 10.", "A door was opened to me of the Lord. 2 Corinthians 2.", "To lie at the door, in a figurative sense, is to be imputable or chargeable to one. If the thing is wrong, the fault lies at my door.", "Next door to, near to; bordering on.", "A riot unpunished is but next door to a tumult.", "Out of door or doors, quite gone; no more to be found. Not now used.", "In doors, within the house; at home."], "dooring": ["DOORING, n. A door-case. Not used."], "dor": ["DOR, DORR, n. The name of the black-beetle, or the hedgechafer, a species of Scarabaeus. We usually say, the dor-beetle."], "dost": ["DOST, the second person of do, used int he solemn style; thou dost."], "dote": ["DOTE, v.i.", "1. To be delirious; to have the intellect impaired by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers; to be silly.", "Time has made you dote, and vainly tell of arms imagined in your lonely cell.", "2. To be excessively in love; usually with on or upon; to dote on, is to love to excess or extravagance.", "What dust we dote on, when tis man we love.", "Aholah dotes on her lovers, the Assyrians. Ezekiel 23.", "3. To decay."], "doting": ["DOTING, ppr. Regarding with excessive fondness."], "dotingly": ["DOTINGLY, adv. By excessive fondness."], "double": ["DOUBLE, a. Dubl. L., Gr. See Two.", "1. Two of a sort together; one corresponding to the other; being in pairs; as double chickens in the same egg; double leaves connected by one petiole.", "2. Twice as much; containing the same quantity or length repeated.", "Take double money in your hand. Genesis 53.", "Let a double portion of thy spirit be on me. 2 Kings 2.", "With to; as, the amount is double to what I expected.", "3. Having one added to another; as a double chin.", "4. Twofold; also, of two kinds.", "Darkness and tempest make a double night.", "5. Two in number; as double sight or sound. See No. 1.", "6. Deceitful; acting two parts, one openly, the other in secret.", "And with double heart do they speak. Psalm 12.", "DOUBLE, adv. Dubl. Twice.", "I was double their age.", "DOUBLE, in composition, denotes, two ways, or twice the number or quantity."], "doubled": ["DOUBLED, pp. Folded; increased by adding an equal quantity, sum or value; repeated; turned or passed round."], "doubleness": ["DOUBLENESS, n.", "1. The state of being doubled.", "2. Duplicity."], "doubling": ["DOUBLING, ppr. Making twice the sum, number or quantity; repeating; passing round; turning to escape.", "DOUBLING, n. The act of making double; also, a fold; a plait; also, an artifice; a shift."], "doubt": ["DOUBT, v.i. dout. L., G.", "1. To waver or fluctuate in opinion; to hesitate; to be in suspense; to be in uncertainty; to be in suspense; to be in uncertainty, respecting the truth or fact; to be undetermined.", "Even in matters divine, concerning some things, we may lawfully doubt and suspend our judgment.", "So we say, I doubt whether it is proper; I doubt whether I shall go; sometimes with of, as we doubt of a fact.", "2. To fear; to be apprehensive; to suspect.", "I doubt theres deep resentment in his mind.", "DOUBT, v.t. dout.", "1. To question, or hold questionable; to withhold assent from; to hesitate to believe; as, I have heard the story, but I doubt the truth of it.", "2. To fear; to suspect.", "If they turn not back perverse; but that I doubt.", "3. To distrust; to withhold confidence from; as, to doubt our ability to execute an office.", "Tadmire superior sense, and doubt their own.", "4. To fill with fear.", "DOUBT, n. Dout.", "1. A fluctuation of mind respecting truth or propriety, arising from defect of knowledge or evidence; uncertainty of mind; suspense; unsettled state of opinion; as, to have doubts respecting the theory of the tides.", "Joseph is without doubt rent in pieces. Genesis 37.", "2. Uncertainty of condition.", "Thy life shall hang in doubt before thee. Deuteronomy 28.", "3. Suspicion; fear; apprehension.", "I stand in doubt of you. Galatians 4.", "4. Difficulty objected.", "To every doubt your answer is the same.", "5. Dread; horror and danger."], "doubted": ["DOUBTED, pp. Scrupled; questioned; not certain or settled."], "doubtful": ["DOUBTFUL, a.", "1. Dubious; not settled in opinion; undetermined; wavering; hesitating; applied to persons; as, we are doubtful of a fact, or of the propriety of a measure.", "2. Dubious; ambiguous; not clear in its meaning; as a doubtful expression.", "3. Admitting of doubt; not obvious, clear or certain; questionable; not decided; as a doubtful case; a doubtful proposition; it is doubtful what will be the event of the war.", "4. Of uncertain issue.", "We have sustained one day in doubtful fight.", "5. Not secure; suspicious; as, we cast a doubtful eye.", "6. Not confident; not without fear; indicating doubt.", "With doubtful feet, and wavering resolution.", "7. Not certain or defined; as a doubtful hue."], "doubtfulness": ["DOUBTFULNESS, n.", "1. A state of doubt of uncertainty of mind; dubiousness; suspense; instability of opinion.", "2. Ambiguity; uncertainty of meaning.", "3. Uncertainty of event or issue; uncertainty of condition."], "doubting": ["DOUBTING, ppr. Wavering in mind; calling in question; hesitating."], "doubtingly": ["DOUBTINGLY, adv. In a doubting manner; dubiously; without confidence."], "doubtless": ["DOUBTLESS, a. Free from fear of danger; secure.", "Pretty child, sleep doubtless and secure.", "DOUBTLESS, adv. Without doubt or question; unquestionably.", "The histories of Christ by the evangelists are doubtless authentic."], "dough": ["DOUGH, n. Do. G. Paste of bread; a mass composed of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not baked.", "My cake is dough, that is, by undertaking has not come to maturity."], "dove": ["DOVE, n. G.", "1. The oenas, or domestic pigeon, a species of Columba. Its color is a deep bluish ash color; the breast is dashed with a fine changeable green and purple; the sides of the neck, with a copper color. In a wild state, it builds its nest in holes of rocks or in hollow trees, but it is easily domesticated, and forms one of the luxuries of the table.", "2. A word of endearment, or an emblem of innocence. Cant. 2:14."], "down": ["DOWN, n.", "1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, particularly of the duck kind. The eider duck yields the best kind. Also, fine hair; as the down of the chin.", "2. The pubescence of plants, a fine hairy substance.", "3. The pappus or little crown of certain seeds of plants; a fine feathery or hairy substance by which seeds are conveyed to distance by the wind; as in dandelion and thistle.", "4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies.", "Thou bosom softness; down of all my cares.", "DOWN, n. G.", "1. A bank or elevation of sand, thrown up by the sea.", "2. A large open plain, primarily on elevated land. Sheep feeding on the downs.", "DOWN, prep.", "1. Along a descent; from a higher to a lower place; as, to run down a hill; to fall down a precipice; to go down the stairs.", "2. Toward the mouth of a river, or toward the place where water is discharged into the ocean or a lake. We sail or swim down a stream; we sail down the sound from New York to New London. Hence figuratively, we pass down the current of life or of time.", "Down the sound, in the direction of the ebb-tide towards of the sea.", "Down the country, towards the sea, or towards the part where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean.", "DOWN, adv.", "1. In a descending direction; tending from a higher to a lower place; as, he is going down.", "2. On the ground, or at the bottom; as, he is down; hold him down.", "3. Below the horizon; as, the sun is down.", "4. In the direction from a higher to a lower condition; as, his reputation is going down.", "5. Into disrepute or disgrace. A man may sometimes preach down error; he may write down himself or his character, or run down his rival; but he can neither preach nor write down folly, vice or fashion.", "6. Into subjection; into a due consistence; as, to boil down, in decoctions and culinary processes.", "7. At length; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any flat surface; as, to lie down; he is lying down.", "Up and down, here and there; in a rambling course.", "It is sometimes used without a verb, as down, down; in which cases, the sense is known by the construction.", "Down with a building, is a command to pull it down, to demolish it.", "Down with him, signifies, throw him.", "Down, down, may signify, come down, or go down, or take down, lower.", "It is often used by seamen, down with the fore sail, &c.", "Locke uses it for go down, or be received; as, any kind of food will down; but the use is not elegant, nor legitimate.", "Sidney uses it as a verb, To down proud hearts, to subdue or conquer them; but the use is not legitimate."], "downed": ["DOWNED, a. Covered or stuffed with down."], "downward": ["DOWNWARD, DOWNWARDS, adv. See Ward.", "1. From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course, whether directly toward the center of the earth, or not; as, to tend downward; to move or roll downwards; to look downward; to take root downwards.", "2. In a course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source. Water flows downward toward the sea; we sailed downward on the stream.", "3. In a course of lineal descent from an ancestor, considered as a head; as, to trace successive generations downward from Adam or Abraham.", "4. In the course of falling or descending from elevation or distinction."], "downwards": ["DOWNWARD, DOWNWARDS, adv. See Ward.", "1. From a higher place to a lower; in a descending course, whether directly toward the center of the earth, or not; as, to tend downward; to move or roll downwards; to look downward; to take root downwards.", "2. In a course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source. Water flows downward toward the sea; we sailed downward on the stream.", "3. In a course of lineal descent from an ancestor, considered as a head; as, to trace successive generations downward from Adam or Abraham.", "4. In the course of falling or descending from elevation or distinction."], "dowry": ["DOWRY, n. See Dower. This word differs not from dower. It is the same word differently written, and the distinction made between them is arbitrary.", "1. The money, goods or estate which a woman brings to her husband in marriage; the portion given with a wife.", "2. The reward paid for a wife.", "3. A gift; a fortune, given."], "drag": ["DRAG, v.t. G., L. See Drink and Drench.", "1. To pull; to haul; to draw along the ground by main force; applied particularly to drawing heavy things with labor, along the ground or other surface; as, to drag stone or timber; to drag a net in fishing. John 21:8.", "2. To break land by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to harrow; a common use of this word in New England.", "3. To draw along slowly or heavily; to draw any thing burdensome; as, to drag a lingering life.", "4. To draw along in contempt, as unworthy to be carried.", "He drags me at his chariot-wheels.", "To drag one in chains.", "5. To pull or haul about roughly and forcibly.", "In seamens language, to drag an anchor, is to draw or trail it along the bottom when loosened, or when the anchor will not hold the ship.", "DRAG, v.i.", "1. To hang so low as to trail on the ground.", "2. To fish with a drag; as, they have been dragging for fish all day, with little success.", "3. To be drawn along; as, the anchor drags.", "4. To be moved slowly; to proceed heavily; as, this business drags.", "5. To hang or grate on the floor, as a door.", "DRAG, n.", "1. Something to be drawn along the ground, as a net or a hook.", "2. A particular kind of harrow.", "3. A car; a low cart.", "4. In sea-language, a machine consisting of a sharp square frame of iron, encircled with a net, used to take the wheel off from the platform or bottom of the decks.", "5. Whatever is drawn; a boat in tow; whatever serves to retard a ships way."], "dragged": ["DRAGGED, pp. Drawn on the ground; drawn with labor or force; drawn along slowly and heavily; raked with a drag or harrow."], "dragging": ["DRAGGING, ppr. Drawing on the ground; drawing with labor or by force; drawing slowly or heavily; raking with a drag."], "dragon": ["DRAGON, n. L., Gr., G.", "1. A kind of winged serpent, much celebrated in the romances of the middle ages.", "2. A fiery, shooting meteor, or imaginary serpent.", "Swift, swift, ye dragons of the night! That dawning may bear the ravens eye.", "3. A fierce, violent person, male or female; as, this man or woman is a dragon.", "4. A constellation of the northern hemisphere. See Draco.", "In Scripture, dragon seems sometimes to signify a large marine fish or serpent, Isaiah 27. Where the leviathan is also mentioned; also Psalm 74.", "Sometimes it seems to signify a venomous land serpent. Psalm 91. The dragon shalt thou trample under foot.", "It is often used for the devil, who is called the old serpent. Revelations 20:2.", "DRAGON, n. A genus of animals, the Draco. They have four legs, a cylindrical tail, and membranaceous wings, radiated like the fins of a flying-fish."], "dragons": ["DRAGONS, n. A genus of plants, the Dracontium, of several species, natives of the Indies."], "dram": ["DRAM, n. contracted from drachma, which see.", "1. Among druggists and physicians, a weight of the eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains. In avoirdupois weight, the sixteenth part of an ounce.", "2. A small quantity; as no dram of judgment.", "3. As much spirituous liquor as is drank at once; as a dram of brandy. Drams are the slow poison of life.", "4. Spirit; distilled liquor.", "DRAM, v.i. To drink drams; to indulge in the use of ardent spirit. A low word expressing a low practice."], "drank": ["DRANK, pret. and pp. of drink.", "DRANK, n. A term for wild oats."], "draught": ["DRAUGHT, n. Draft. from draw, drag.", "1. The act of drawing; as a horse or ox fit for draught.", "2. The quality of being drawn; as a cart of plow of easy draught.", "3. The drawing of liquor into the mouth and throat; the act of drinking.", "4. The quantity of liquor drank at once.", "5. The act of delineating, or that which is delineated; a representation by lines, as the figure of a house, a machine, a fort, &c., described on paper.", "6. Representation by picture; figure painted, or drawn by the pencil.", "7. The act of drawing a net; a sweeping for fish.", "8. That which is taken by sweeping with a net; as a draught of fishes. Luke 5.", "9. The drawing or bending of a bow; the act of shooting with a bow and arrow.", "10. The act of drawing men from a military band, army or post; also, the forces drawn; a detachment. See Draft, which is more generally used.", "11. A sink or drain. Matthew 15.", "12. An order for the payment of money; a bill of exchange. See Draft.", "13. The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a ship sinks in water, especially when laden; as a ship of twelve feet draught.", "14. In England, a small allowance on weighable goods, made by the king to the importer, or by the seller to the buyer, to insure full weight.", "15. A sudden attack or drawing on an enemy. Query.", "16. A writing composed.", "17. Draughts, a kind of game resembling chess.", "DRAUGHT, v.t. To draw out; to call forth. See Draft."], "drave": ["DRAVE, the old participle of drive. We now use drove."], "draw": ["DRAW, v.t. pret. drew; pp. drawn. L. It is only a dialectical spelling of drag, which see.", "1. To pull along; to haul; to cause to move forward by force applied in advance of the thing moved or at the fore-end, as by a rope or chain. It differs from drag only in this, that drag is more generally applied to things moved along the ground by sliding, or moved with greater toil or difficulty, and draw is applied to all bodies moved by force in advance, whatever may be the degree of force. Draw is the more general or generic term, and drag, more specific. We say, the horses draw a coach or wagon, but they drag it through mire; yet draw is properly used in both cases.", "2. To pull out, as to draw a sword or dagger from its sheath; to unsheathe. Hence, to draw the sword, is to wage war.", "3. To bring by compulsion; to cause to come.", "Do not rich men oppress you, and draw you before the judgment seat? James 2.", "4. To pull up or out; to raise from any depth; as, to draw water from a well.", "5. To suck; as, to draw the breasts.", "6. To attract; to cause to move or tend towards itself; as a magnet or other attracting body is said to draw it.", "7. To attract; to cause to turn towards itself; to engage; as, a beauty or a popular speaker draws the eyes of an assembly, or draws their attention.", "8. To inhale; to take air into the lungs; as, there I first drew air; I draw the sultry air.", "9. To pull or take from a spit, as a piece of meat.", "10. To take from a cask or vat; to cause or to suffer a liquid to run out; a, to draw wine or cider.", "11. To take a liquid form the body; to let out; as, to draw blood or water.", "12. To take from an over; as, to draw bread.", "13. To cause to slide; as a curtain, either in closing or unclosing; to open or unclose and discover, or to close and conceal. To draw the curtain is used in both sense.", "14. To extract; as, to draw spirit from grain or juice.", "15. To produce; to bring, as an agent or efficient cause; usually followed by a modifying word; as, piety draws down blessings; crimes draw down vengeance; vice draws on us many temporal evils; war draws after it a train of calamities.", "16. To move gradually or slowly; to extend.", "They drew themselves more westerly.", "17. To lengthen; to extend in length.", "How long her face is drawn.", "In some similes, men draw their comparisons into minute particulars of no importance.", "18. To utter in a lingering manner; as, to draw a groan.", "19. To run or extend, by marking or forming; as, to draw a line on paper, or a line of circumvallation. Hence,", "20. To represent by lines drawn on a plain surface; to form a picture or image; as, to draw the figure of man; to draw the face. Hence,", "21. To describe; to represent by words; as, the orator drew an admirable picture of human misery.", "22. To represent in fancy; to image in the mind.", "23. To derive; to have or receive from some source, cause or donor; as, to draw the rudiments of science from a civilized nation; to draw consolation from divine promises.", "24. To deduce; as, to draw arguments from facts, or inferences from circumstantial evidence.", "25. To allure; to entice; to lead by persuasion or moral influence; to excite to motion.", "Draw me; we will run after thee. Cant. 1.", "Men shall arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them. Acts 20.", "26. To lead, as a motive; to induce to move.", "My purposes do draw me much about.", "27. To induce; to persuade; to attract towards; in a very general sense.", "28. To win; to gain; a metaphor from gaming.", "29. To receive or take, as from a fund; as, to draw money from a bank or from stock in trade.", "30. To bear; to produce; as, a bond or note draws interest from its date.", "31. To extort; to force out; as, his eloquence drew tears from the audience; to draw sighs or groans.", "32. To wrest; to distort; as, to draw the scriptures to ones fancy.", "33. To compose; to write in due form; to form in writing; as, to draw a bill of exchange; to draw a deed or will.", "34. To take out of a box or wheel, as tickets in a lottery. We say, to draw a lottery, or to draw a number in the lottery.", "35. To receive or gain by drawing; as, to draw a prize. We say also, a number draws a prize or a blank, when it is drawn at the same time.", "36. To extend; to stretch; as, to draw wine; to draw a piece of metal by beating, &c.", "37. To sink into the water; or to require a certain depth of water for floating; as, a ship draws fifteen feet of water.", "38. To bend; as, to draw the bow. Isaiah 66.", "39. To eviscerate; to pull out the bowels; as, to draw poultry.", "40. To withdraw. Not used.", "To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for exportation.", "To draw in,", "1. To collect; to apply to any purpose by violence.", "A dispute, in which every thing is drawn in, to give color to the argument.", "2. To contract; to pull to a smaller compass; to pull back; as, to draw int he reins.", "3. To entice, allure or inveigle; as, to draw in others to support a measure.", "To draw off,", "1. To draw form or away; also, to withdraw; to abstract; as, to draw off the mind from vain amusements.", "2. To draw or take from; to cause to flow from; as, to draw off wine or cider from a vessel.", "3. To extract by distillation.", "To draw on,", "1. To allure; to entice; to persuade or cause to follow.", "The reluctant may be drawn on by kindness or caresses.", "2. To occasion; to invite; to bring on; to cause.", "Under color of war, which either his negligence drew on, or his practices procured, he levied a subsidy.", "To draw over,", "1. To raise, or cause to come over, as in a still.", "2. To persuade or induce to revolt from an opposing party, and to join ones own party. Some men may be drawn over by interest; others by fear.", "To draw out,", "1. To lengthen; to stretch by force; to extend.", "2. To beat or hammer out; to extend or spread by beating, as a metal.", "3. To lengthen in time; to protract; to cause to continue.", "Thy unkindness shall his death draw out to lingering sufferance.", "Wilt thou draw out thine anger to all generations? Psalm 84.", "4. To cause to issue forth; to draw off; as liquor from a cask.", "5. To extract, as the spirit of a substance.", "6. To bring forth; to pump out, by questioning or address; to cause to be declared, or brought to light; as, to draw out facts from a witness.", "7. To induce by motive; to call forth.", "This was an artifice to draw out from us an accusation.", "8. To detach; to separate from the main body; as, to draw out a file or part of men.", "9. To range in battle; to array in a line.", "To draw together, to collect or be collected.", "To draw up,", "1. To raise; to lift; to elevate.", "2. To form in order of battle; to array.", "3. To compose in due form, as a writing; to form in writing; as, to draw up a deed; to draw up a paper.", "In this use, it is often more elegant to omit the modifying word. See No. 33.", "DRAW, v.i.", "1. To pull; to exert strength in drawing. We say, a horse or an ox draws well.", "2. To act as a weight.", "Watch the bias of the mind, that it may not draw too much.", "3. To shrink; to contract into a smaller compass.", "4. To move; to advance. The day draws towards evening.", "5. To be filled or inflated with wind, so as to press on and advance a ship in her course; as, the sails draw.", "6. To unsheathe a sword. His love drew to defend him. In this phrase, sword is understood.", "7. To use or practice the art of delineating figures; as, he draws with exactness.", "8. To collect the matter of an ulcer or abscess; to cause to suppurate; to excite to inflammation, maturation and discharge; as, an epispastic draws well.", "To draw back,", "1. To retire; to move back; to withdraw.", "2. To renounce the faith; to apostatize. Hebrews 10.", "To draw near or nigh, to approach; to come near.", "To draw off, to retire; to retreat; as, the company drew off by degrees.", "To draw on,", "1. To advance; to approach; as, the day draws on.", "2. To gain on; to approach in pursuit; as, the ship drew on the chase.", "3. To demand payment by an order or bill, called a draught.", "He drew on his factor for the amount of the shipment.", "You may draw on me for the expenses of your journey.", "To draw up, to form in regular order; as, the troops drew up in front of the palace; the fleet drew up in a semicircle.", "Draw, in most of its uses, retains some shade of its original sense, to pull, to move forward by the application of force in advance, or to extend in length. And Johnson justly observes, that it expresses an action gradual or continuous, and leisurely. We pour liquor quick, but we draw it in a continued stream. We force compliance by threats, but we draw it by gradual prevalence. We write a letter with haste, but we draw a bill with slow caution, and regard to a precise form. We draw a bar of metal by continued beating.", "DRAW, n.", "1. The act of drawing.", "2. The lot or chance drawn."], "drawing": ["DRAWING, ppr. Pulling; hauling; attracting; delineating.", "DRAWING, n.", "1. The act of pulling, hauling, or attracting.", "2. The act of representing the appearance or figures of objects on a plain surface, by means of lines and shades, as with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c.; delineation."], "drawer": ["DRAWER, n.", "1. One who draws or pulls; one who takes water from a well; one who draws liquors from a cask.", "2. That which draws or attracts, or has the power of attraction.", "3. He who draws a bill of exchange or an order for the payment of money.", "4. A sliding box in a case or table, which is drawn at pleasure.", "5. Drawers, in the plural, a close under garment worn on the lower limbs."], "drawn": ["DRAWN, pp. See Draw.", "1. Pulled; hauled; allured; attracted; delineated; extended; extracted; derived; deduced; written.", "2. Equal, where each party takes his own stake; as a drawn game.", "3. Having equal advantage, and neither party a victory; as a drawn battle.", "4. With a sword drawn.", "5. Moved aside, as a curtain; unclosed, or closed.", "6. Eviscerated; as a drawn fox.", "7. Induced, as by a motive; as, men are drawn together by similar views, or by motives of interest.", "Drawn and quartered, drawn on a sled, and cut into quarters."], "dread": ["DREAD, n. Dred. L., to dread; fearful; to tremble. The primary sense is probably to tremble, or to shrink.", "1. Great fear, or apprehension of evil or danger. It expresses more than fear, and less than terror or fright. It is an uneasiness or alarm excited by expected pain, loss or other evil. We speak of the dread of evil; the dread of suffering; the dread of the divine displeasure. It differs from terror also in being less sudden or more continued.", "2. Awe; fear united with respect.", "3. Terror.", "Shall not his dread fall on you. Job 13.", "4. The cause of fear; the person or the thing dreaded.", "Let him be your dread. Isaiah 8.", "DREAD, a.", "1. Exciting great fear or apprehension.", "2. Terrible; frightful.", "3. Awful; venerable in the highest degree; as dread sovereign; dread majesty; dread tribunal.", "DREAD, v.t. To fear in a great degree; as, to dread the approach of a storm.", "DREAD, v.i. To be in great fear.", "Dread not, neither be afraid of them. Deuteronomy 1."], "dreaded": ["DREADED, pp. Feared."], "dreadful": ["DREADFUL, a.", "1. Impressing great fear; terrible; formidable; as a dreadful storm, or dreadful night.", "The great and dreadful day of the Lord. Malachi 4.", "2. Awful; venerable.", "How dreadful is this place. Genesis 48."], "dreadfulness": ["DREADFULNESS, n. Terribleness; the quality of being dreadful; frightfulness."], "dream": ["DREAM, n. G.", "1. The thought or series of thoughts of a person in sleep. We apply dream, in the singular, to a series of thoughts, which occupy the mind of a sleeping person, in which he imagines he has a view of real things or transactions. A dream is a series of thoughts not under the command of reason, and hence wild and irregular.", "2. In scripture, dreams were sometimes impressions on the minds of sleeping persons, made by divine agency. God came to Abimelech in a dream. Joseph was warned by God in a dream. Genesis 20. Matthew 2.", "3. A vain fancy; a wild conceit; an unfounded suspicion.", "DREAM, v.i. pret. dreamed or dreamt. G.", "1. To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep; with of before a noun; as, to dream of a battle; to dream of an absent friend.", "2. To think; to imagine; as, he little dreamed of his approaching fate.", "3. To think idly.", "They dream on in a course of reading, without digesting.", "4. To be sluggish; to waste time in vain thoughts; as, to dream away life.", "DREAM, v.t. To see in a dream.", "And dreamt the future fight.", "It is followed by a noun of the like signification; as, to dream a dream."], "dreamful": ["DREAMFUL, a. Full of dreams."], "dreaming": ["DREAMING, ppr. Having thoughts or ideas in sleep."], "dreamer": ["DREAMER, n.", "1. One who dreams.", "2. A fanciful man; a visionary; one who forms or entertains vain schemes; as a political dreamer.", "3. A man lost in wild imagination; a mope; a sluggard."], "dregs": ["DREGS, n. Plu. Gr.", "1. The sediment of liquors; lees; grounds; feculence; any foreign matter of liquors that subsides to the bottom of a vessel.", "2. Waste or worthless matter; dross; sweepings; refuse. Hence, the most vile and despicable part of men; as the dregs of society.", "Dreg, in the singular, is found in Spenser, but is not now used."], "dress": ["DRESS, v.t. pret. and pp. dressed or drest. L.", "1. To make straight or a straight line; to adjust to a right line. We have the primary sense in the military phrase, dress your ranks. Hence the sense, to put in order.", "2. To adjust; to put in good order; as, to dress the beds of a garden. Sometimes, to till or cultivate. Genesis 2. Deuteronomy 28.", "3. To put in good order, as a wounded limb; to cleanse a wound, and to apply medicaments. The surgeon dresses the limb or the wound.", "4. To prepare, in a general sense; to put in the condition desired; to make suitable or fit; as, to dress meat; to dress leather or cloth; to dress a lamp; but we, in the latter case, generally use trim. To dress hemp or flax, is to break and clean it.", "5. To curry, rub and comb; as, to dress a horse; or to break or tame and prepare for service, as used by Dryden; but this is unusual.", "6. To put the body in order, or in a suitable condition; to put on clothes; as, he dressed himself for breakfast.", "7. To put on rich garments; to adorn; to deck; to embellish; as, the lady dressed herself for a ball.", "To dress up, is to clothe pompously or elegantly; as, to dress up with tinsel.", "The sense of dress depends on its application. To dress the body, to dress meat, and to dress leather, are very different senses, but all uniting in the sense of preparing or fitting for use.", "DRESS, v.i.", "1. To arrange in a line; as, look to the right and dress.", "2. To pay particular regard to dress or raiment.", "DRESS, n.", "1. That which is used as the covering or ornament of the body; clothes; garments; habit; as, the dress of a lady is modest and becoming; a gaudy dress is evidence of a false taste.", "2. A suit of clothes; as, the lady has purchased an elegant dress.", "3. Splendid clothes; habit of ceremony; as a full dress.", "4. Skill in adjusting dress, or the practice of wearing elegant clothing; as men of dress."], "dressed": ["DRESSED, pp. Adjusted; made straight; put in order; prepared; trimmed; tilled; clothed; adorned; attired."], "dressing": ["DRESSING, ppr. Adjusting to a line; putting in order; preparing; clothing; embellishing; cultivating.", "DRESSING, n.", "1. Raiment; attire.", "2. That which is used as an application to a wound or sore.", "3. That which is used in preparing land for a drop; manure spread over land. When it remains on the surface, it is called a top-dressing.", "4. In popular language, correction; a flogging, or beating."], "dresser": ["DRESSER, n.", "1. One who dresses; one who is employed in putting on clothes and adorning another; one who is employed in preparing trimming or adjusting any thing.", "2. A side-board; a table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed or prepared for use."], "dried": ["DRIED, pp. Of dry. Free from moisture or sap."], "drink": ["DRINK, v.i. pret. and pp. drank. Old pret. And pp. drunk; pp. Drunken. G. Drink and drench are radically the same word, and probably drown. We observe that n is not radical.", "1. To swallow liquor, for quenching thirst or other purpose; as, to drink of the brook.", "Ye shall indeed drink of my cup. Matthew 20.", "2. To take spirituous liquors to excess; to be intemperate in the use of spirituous liquors; to be a habitual drunkard.", "3. To feast; to be entertained with liquors.", "To drink to,", "1. To salute in drinking; to invite to drink by drinking first; as, I drink to you grace.", "2. To wish well to, in the act of taking the cup.", "DRINK, v.t.", "1. To swallow, as liquids; to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach; as, to drink water or wine.", "2. To suck in; to absorb; to imbibe.", "And let the purple violets drink the stream.", "3. To take in by any inlet; to hear; to see; as, to drink words or the voice.", "I drink delicious poison from thy eye.", "4. To take in air; to inhale.", "To drink down, is to act on by drinking; to reduce or subdue; as, to drink down unkindness.", "To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught; as, to drink off a cup of cordial.", "To drink in, to absorb; to take or receive into any inlet.", "To drink up, to drink the whole.", "To drink health, or to the health, a customary civility in which a person at taking a glass or cup, expresses his respect or kind wishes for another.", "DRINK, n. Liquor to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken into the stomach, for quenching thirst, or for medicinal purposes; as water, wine, beer, cider, decoctions, &c."], "drinking": ["DRINKING, ppr. Swallowing liquor; sucking in; absorbing.", "DRINKING, n.", "1. The act of swallowing liquors, or of absorbing.", "2. The practice of drinking to excess. We say, a man is given to drinking."], "drinker": ["DRINKER, n. One who drinks, particularly one who practices drinking spirituous liquors to excess; a drunkard; a tipler."], "drive": ["DRIVE, v.t. pret. Drove, formerly drave; pp. Driven, G.", "1. To impel or urge forward by force; to force; to move by physical force. We drive a nail into wood with a hammer; the wind or a current drive a ship on the ocean.", "2. To compel or urge forward by other means than absolute physical force, or by means that compel the will; as, to drive cattle to market. A smoke drives company from the room. A man may be drive by the necessities of the times, to abandon his country.", "Drive thy business; let not thy business drive thee.", "3. To chase; to hunt.", "To drive the deer with hound and horn.", "4. To impel a team of horses or oxen to move forward, and to direct their course; hence, to guide or regulate the course of the carriage drawn by them. We say, to drive a team, or to drive a carriage drawn by a team.", "5. To impel to greater speed.", "6. To clear any place by forcing away what is in it.", "To drive the country, force the swains away.", "7. To force; to compel; in a general sense.", "8. To hurry on inconsiderately; often with on. In this sense it is more generally intransitive.", "9. To distress; to straighten; as desperate men far driven.", "10. To impel by influence of passion. Anger and lust often drive men into gross crimes.", "11. To urge; to press; as, to drive an argument.", "12. To impel by moral influence; to compel; as, the reasoning of his opponent drove him to acknowledge his error.", "13. To carry on; to prosecute; to keep in motion; as, to drive a trade; to drive business.", "14. To make light by motion or agitation; as, to drive feathers.", "His thrice driven bed of down.", "The sense is probably to beat; but I do not recollect this application of the word in America.", "To drive away, to force to remove to a distance; to expel; to dispel; to scatter.", "To drive off, to compel to remove from a place; to expel; to drive to a distance.", "To drive out, to expel.", "DRIVE, v.i.", "1. To be forced along; to be impelled; to be moved by any physical force or agent; as, a ship drives before the wind.", "2. To rush and press with violence; as, a storm drives against the house.", "Fierce Boreas drove against his flying sails.", "3. To pass in a carriage; as, he drove to London. This phrase is elliptical. He drove his horses or carriage to London.", "4. To aim at or tend to; to urge towards a point; to make an effort to reach or obtain; as, we know the end the author is driving at.", "5. To aim a blow; to strike at with force.", "Four rogues in buckram let drive at me.", "Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is opposed to lead. To drive a body is to move it by applying a force behind; to lead is to cause to move by applying the force before, or forward of the body.", "DRIVE, n. Passage in a carriage."], "driving": ["DRIVING, ppr. Urging forward by force; impelling.", "DRIVING, n.", "1. The act of impelling.", "2. Tendency."], "driven": ["DRIVEN, pp. Drivn. from drive. Urged forward by force; impelled to move; constrained by necessity."], "driver": ["DRIVER, n.", "1. One who drives; the person or thing that urges or compels any thing else to move.", "2. The person who drives beasts.", "3. The person who drives a carriage; one who conducts a team.", "4. A large sail occasionally set on the mizenyard or gaff, the foot being extended over the stern by a boom."], "dromedary": ["DROMEDARY, n. Gr., perhaps from swiftness, running. A species of camel, called also the Arabian camel, with one bunch or protuberance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel, which has two bunches. It has four callous protuberances on the fore legs, and two on the hind ones. It is a common beast of burden in Egypt, Syria, and the neighboring countries."], "drop": ["DROP, n. G.", "1. A small portion of any fluid in a spherical form, which falls at once from any body, or a globule of any fluid which is pendent, as if about to fall; a small portion of water falling in rain; as a drop of water; a drop of blood; a drop of laudanum.", "2. A diamond hanging from the ear; an earring; something hanging in the form of a drop.", "3. A very small quantity of liquor; as, he had not drank a drop.", "4. The part of a gallows which sustains the criminal before he is executed, and which is suddenly dropped."], "dropped": ["DROPPED, pp. Let fall; distilled; laid aside; dismissed; let go; suffered to subside; sprinkled or variegated."], "dropping": ["DROPPING, ppr. Falling in globules; distilling; falling; laying aside; dismissing; quitting; suffering to rest or subside; variegating with ornaments like drops.", "DROPPING, n.", "1. The act of dropping; a distilling; a falling.", "2. That which drops."], "drops": ["DROPS, v.t. G.", "1. To pour or let fall in small portions or globules, as a fluid; to distill.", "The heavens shall drop down dew. Deuteronomy 33.", "2. To let fall as any substance; as, to drop the anchor; to drop a stone.", "3. To let go; to dismiss; to lay aside; to quit; to leave; to permit to subside; as, to drop an affair; to drop a controversy; to drop a pursuit.", "4. To utter slightly, briefly or casually; as, to drop a word in favor of a friend.", "5. To insert indirectly, incidentally, or by way of digression; as, to drop a word of instruction in a letter", "6. To lay aside; to dismiss from possession; as, to drop these frail bodies.", "7. To leave; as, to drop a letter at the post office.", "8. To set down and leave; as, the coach dropped a passenger at the inn.", "9. To quit; to suffer to cease; as, to drop an acquaintance.", "10. To let go; to dismiss from association; as, to drop a companion.", "11. To suffer to end or come to nothing; as, to drop a fashion.", "12. To bedrop; to speckle; to variegate, as if by sprinkling with drops; as a coat dropped with gold.", "13. To lower; as, to drop the muzzle of a gun."], "dropsied": ["DROPSIED, a. Diseased with dropsy."], "dropsy": ["DROPSY, n. L, Gr., water; the face. Formerly written hydropisy; whence by contraction, dropsy. In medicine, an unnatural collection of water, in an part of the body, proceeding from a greater effusion of serum by the exhalant arteries, than the absorbents take up. It occurs most frequently in persons of lax habits, or in bodies debilitated by disease. The dropsy takes different names, according to the part affected; as ascites, or dropsy of the abdomen; hydrocephalus, or water in the head; anasarca, or a watery swelling over the whole body; &c."], "dross": ["DROSS, n. G.", "1. The recrement or despumation of metals; the scum or extraneous matter of metals, thrown off in the process of melting.", "2. Rust; crust of metals; an incrustation formed on metals by oxydation.", "3. Waste matter; refuse; any worthless matter separated from the better part; impure matter.", "The worlds glory is but dross unclean."], "drought": ["DROUGHT. See Drouth."], "drove": ["DROVE, pret. of drive.", "DROVE, n.", "1. A collection of cattle driven; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep or swine, driven in a body. We speak of a herd of cattle, and a flock of sheep, when a number is collected; but properly a drove is a herd or flock driven. It is applicable to any species of brutes. Hence,", "2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or driving forward; as a finny drove.", "3. A crowd of people in motion.", "Where droves, as at a city gate, may pass.", "4. A road for driving cattle. English."], "drown": ["DROWN, v.t.", "1. Literally, to overwhelm in water; an appropriately, to extinguish life by immersion in water or other fluid; applied to animals; also, to suspend animation by submersion.", "2. To overwhelm in water; as, to drown weeds.", "3. To overflow; to deluge; to inundate; as, to drown land.", "4. To immerse; to plunge and lose; to overwhelm; as, to drown ones self in sensual pleasure.", "5. To overwhelm; to overpower.", "My private voice is drowned amid the senate.", "DROWN, v.i. To be suffocated in water or other fluid; to perish in water.", "Methought what pain it was to drown."], "drowned": ["DROWNED, pp. Deprived of life by immersion in a fluid; overflowed; inundated; overwhelmed."], "drowning": ["DROWNING, ppr. Destroying life by submersion in a liquid; overflowing; overwhelming."], "drowsiness": ["DROWSINESS, n.", "1. Sleepiness; heaviness with sleep; disposition to sleep.", "2. Sluggishness; sloth; idleness; inactivity."], "drowsy": ["DROWSY, a.", "1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy; heavy with sleepiness; lethargic; comatose.", "2. Dull; sluggish; stupid.", "3. Disposing to sleep; lulling; as a drowsy couch."], "drunk": ["DRUNK, a. from drunken. See Drink.", "1. Intoxicated; inebriated; overwhelmed or overpowered by spirituous liquor; stupefied or inflamed by the action of spirit on the stomach and brain. It is brutish to be drunk.", "Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess.", "2. Drenched or saturated with moisture or liquor.", "I will make my arrows drunk with blood. Deuteronomy 32.", "Note. Drunk was formerly used as the participle of drink; as, he had drunk wine. But in modern usage, drank has taken its place; and drunk is now used chiefly as an adjective."], "drunkard": ["DRUNKARD, n. One given to ebriety or an excessive used of strong liquor; a person who habitually or frequently is drunk.", "A drunkard and a glutton shall come to poverty. Proverbs 23."], "drunken": ["DRUNKEN, a. Drunkn. participle of drink, but now used chiefly as an adjective, and often contracted to drunk.", "1. Intoxicated; inebriated with strong liquor.", "2. Given to drunkenness; as a drunken butler.", "3. Saturated with liquor or moisture; drenched.", "Let the earth be drunken with our blood.", "4. Proceeding from intoxication; done in a state of drunkenness; as a drunken quarrel.", "A drunken slaughter."], "drunkenness": ["DRUNKENNESS, n.", "1. Intoxication; inebriation; a state in which a person is overwhelmed or overpowered with spirituous liquors, so that his reason is disordered, and he reels or staggers in walking. Drunkenness renders some persons stupid, others gay, others sullen, others furious.", "Let us walk honestly as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness.", "2. Habitually ebriety or intoxication.", "3. Disorder of the faculties resembling intoxication by liquors; inflammation; frenzy; rage.", "Passion is the drunkenness of the mind."], "dry": ["DRY, a. See the Verb.", "1. Destitute of moisture; free from water or wetness; arid; not moist; as dry land; dry clothes.", "2. Not rainy; free from rain or mist; as dry weather; a dry March or April.", "3. Not juicy; free from juice, sap or aqueous matter; not green; as dry wood; dry stubble; dry hay; dry leaves.", "4. Without tears; as dry eyes; dry mourning.", "5. Not giving milk; as, the cow is dry.", "6. Thirsty; craving drink.", "7. Barren; jejune; plain; unembellished; destitute of pathos, or of that which amuses and interests; as a dry style; a dry subject; a dry discussion.", "8. Severe; sarcastic; wiping; as a dry remark or repartee; a dry run.", "9. Severe; wiping; as a dry blow; a dry basting. See the verb, which signifies properly to wipe, rub, scour.", "10. Dry goods, in commerce, cloths, stuffs, silks, laces, ribbons, &c., in distinction from groceries.", "DRY, v.t. G., to dry, to wipe; Gr., L. See Dry. The primary sense is to wipe, rub, scour.", "1. To free from water, or from moisture of any kind, and by any means; originally by wiping, as to dry the eyes; to exsiccate.", "2. To deprive of moisture by evaporation or exhalation; as, the sun dries a cloth; wind dries the earth.", "3. To deprive of moisture by exposure to the sun or open air. We dry cloth in the sun.", "4. To deprive of natural juice, sap or greenness; as, to dry hay or plants.", "5. To scorch or parch with thirst; with up.", "Their honorable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. Isaiah 5.", "6. To deprive of water by draining; to drain; to exhaust; as, to dry a meadow.", "To dry up, to deprive wholly of water.", "DRY, v.i.", "1. To grow dry; to lose moisture; to become free from moisture or juice. The road dries fast in a clear windy day. Hay will dry sufficiently in two days.", "2. To evaporate wholly; to be exhaled; sometimes with up; as, the stream dries or dries up."], "dryed": ["DRYED, pp. of dry. See Dried."], "drying": ["DRYING, ppr. Expelling or losing moisture, sap or greenness.", "DRYING, n. The act or process of depriving of moisture or greenness.", "DRYING, n. The act or process of depriving of moisture or greenness."], "dryshod": ["DRYSHOD, a. Without wetting the feet. Isaiah 11:15."], "due": ["DUE, a. Du. L., Gr., to bind. It has no connection with owe.", "1. Owed; that ought to be paid or done to another. That is due from me to another which contract, justice or propriety requires me to pay, and which he may justly claim as his right. Reverence is due to the creator; civility is due from one man to another. Money is due at the expiration of the credit given, or at the period promised.", "2. Proper; fit; appropriate; suitable; becoming; required by the circumstances; as, the event was celebrated with due solemnities. Men seldom have a due sense of their depravity.", "3. Seasonable; as, he will come in due time.", "4. Exact; proper; as, the musicians keep due time.", "5. Owing to; occasioned by. Little used.", "6. That ought to have arrived, or to be present, before the time specified; as, two mails are now due.", "DUE, adv. Directly; exactly; as a due east course.", "DUE, n.", "1. That which is owed; that which one contracts to pay, do or perform to another; that which law or justice requires to be paid or done. The money that I contract to pay to another is his due; the service which I covenant to perform to another is his due; reverence to the creator is his due.", "2. That which office, rank, station, social relations, or established rules of right or decorum, require to be given, paid or done. Respect and obedience to parents and magistrates are their due.", "3. That which law or custom requires; as toll, tribute, fees of office, or other legal perquisites.", "4. Right; just title.", "The key of this infernal pit by due--I keep.", "DUE, v.t. To pay as due. Not used."], "duke": ["DUKE, n. G., L, to lead; to draw, to tug. Gr.", "1. In Great Britain, one of the highest order of nobility; a title of honor or nobility next below the princes; as the Duke of Bedford or of Cornwall.", "2. In some countries on the Continent, a sovereign prince, without the title of king; as the Duke of Holstein, of Savoy, of Parma, &c.", "3. A chief; a prince; as the dukes of Edom. Genesis 36."], "dulcimer": ["DULCIMER, n. An instrument of music played by striking brass wires with little sticks. Daniel 3:5."], "dull": ["DULL, a. G.", "1. Stupid; doltish; blockish; slow of understanding; as a lad of dull genius.", "2. Heavy; sluggish; without life or spirit; as a surfeit leaves a man very dull.", "3. Slow of motion; sluggish; as a dull stream.", "4. Slow of hearing or seeing; as dull of hearing; dull of seeing.", "5. Slow to learn or comprehend; unready; awkward; as a dull scholar.", "6. Sleepy; drowsy.", "7. Sad; melancholy.", "8. Gross; cloggy; insensible; as the dull earth.", "9. Not pleasing or delightful; not exhilarating; cheerless; as, to make dictionaries is dull work.", "10. Not bright or clear; clouded; tarnished; as, the mirror is dull.", "11. Not bright; not briskly burning; as a dull fire.", "12 Dim; obscure; not vivid; as a dull light.", "13. Blunt; obtuse; having a thick edge; as a dull knife or ax.", "14. Cloudy; overcast; not clear; not enlivening; as dull weather.", "15. With seamen, being without wind; as, a ship has a dull time.", "16. Not lively or animated; as a dull eye.", "DULL, v.t.", "1. To make dull; to stupify; as, to dull the senses.", "2. To blunt; as, to dull a sword or an ax.", "3. To make sad or melancholy.", "4. To hebetate; to make insensible or slow to perceive; as, to dull the ears; to dull the wits.", "5. To damp; to render lifeless; as, to dull the attention.", "6. To make heavy or slow of motion; as, to dull industry.", "7. To sully; to tarnish or cloud; as, the breath dulls a mirror.", "DULL, v.i. To become dull or blunt; to become stupid."], "dulled": ["DULLED, pp. Made dull; blunted."], "dulling": ["DULLING, ppr. Making dull."], "dullness": ["DULLNESS, n.", "1. Stupidity; slowness of comprehension; weakness of intellect; indocility; as the dullness of a student.", "2. Want of quick perception or eager desire.", "3. Heaviness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.", "4. Heaviness; disinclination to motion.", "5. Sluggishness; slowness.", "6. Dimness; want of clearness or luster.", "7. Bluntness; want of edge.", "8. Want of brightness or vividness; as dullness of color."], "dumb": ["DUMB, a. Dum.", "1. Mute; silent; not speaking.", "I was dumb with silence; I held my peace. Psalm 34.", "2. Destitute of the power of speech; unable to utter articulate sounds; as the dumb brutes. The asylum at Hartford in Connecticut was the first institution in America for teaching the deaf and dumb to read and write.", "3. Mute; not using or accompanied with speech; as a dumb show; dumb signs.", "To strike dumb, is to confound; to astonish; to render silent by astonishment; or it may be, to deprive of the power of speech.", "DUMB, v.t. To silence."], "dumbness": ["DUMBNESS, n. Dumness.", "1. Muteness; silence or holding the peace; omission of speech. This is voluntary dumbness.", "2. In capacity to speak; inability to articulate sounds. This is involuntary dumbness."], "dung": ["DUNG, n. G. The excrement of animals.", "DUNG, v.t. To manure with dung.", "DUNG, v.i. To void excrement."], "dunged": ["DUNGED, pp. Manured with dung."], "dungeon": ["DUNGEON, n.", "1. A close prison; or a deep, dark place of confinement.", "And in a dungeon deep.", "They brought Joseph hastily out of the dungeon. Genesis 41.", "2. A subterraneous place of close confinement.", "DUNGEON, v.t. To confine in a dungeon."], "dunghill": ["DUNGHILL, n.", "1. A heap of dung.", "2. A mean or vile abode.", "3. Any mean situation or condition.", "He lifteth the beggar from the dunghill. 1 Samuel 2.", "4. A term of reproach for a man meanly born. Not used.", "DUNGHILL, a. Sprung from the dunghill; mean; low; base; vile."], "durability": ["DURABILITY, n. See Durable. The power of lasting or continuing, in any given state, without perishing; as the durability of cedar or oak timber; the durability of animal and vegetable life is very limited."], "durable": ["DURABLE, a. L., to last; hard. Having the quality of lasting or continuing long in being, without perishing or wearing out as durable timber; durable cloth; durable happiness."], "durableness": ["DURABLENESS, n. Power of lasting; durability; as the durableness of honest fame."], "durably": ["DURABLY, adv. In a lasting manner; with long continuance."], "dure": ["DURE, v.i. L. See Durable. To last; to hold on in time or being; to continue; to endure. This word is obsolete; endure being substituted."], "dureful": ["DUREFUL, a. Lasting."], "during": ["DURING, ppr. Of dure. Continuing; lasting; holding on; as during life, that is, life continuing; during our earthly pilgrimage; during the space of a year; during this or that. These phrases are the case absolute, or independent clauses; durante vita, durante hoc."], "durst": ["DURST, pret. Of dare."], "dust": ["DUST, n.", "1. Fine dry particles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may be raised and wafted by the wind; powder; as clouds of dust and seas of blood.", "2. Fine dry particles of earth; fine earth.", "The peacock warmeth her eggs in the dust. Job 34.", "3. Earth; unorganized earthy matter.", "Dust thou art, and to dust shalt thou return. Genesis 3.", "4. The grave.", "For now shall I sleep in the dust. Job 7.", "5. A low condition.", "God raiseth the poor out of the dust. 1 Samuel 2.", "DUST, v.t.", "1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe or sweep away dust; as, to dust a table or a floor.", "2. To sprinkle with dust.", "3. To levigate."], "dutied": ["DUTIED, a. Subjected to duties or customs."], "dutiful": ["DUTIFUL, a.", "1. Performing the duties or obligations required by law, justice or propriety; obedient; submissive to natural or legal superiors; respectful; as a dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or servant; a dutiful subject.", "2. Expressive of respect or a sense of duty; respectful; reverential; required by duty; as dutiful reverence; dutiful attentions."], "dutifulness": ["DUTIFULNESS, n.", "1. Obedience; submission to just authority; habitual performance of duty; as dutifulness to parents.", "2. Reverence; respect."], "duty": ["DUTY, n.", "1. That which a person owes to another; that which a person is bound, by any natural, moral or legal obligation, to pay, do or perform. Obedience to princes, magistrates and the laws is the duty of every citizen and subject; obedience, respect and kindness to parents are duties of children; fidelity to friends is a duty; reverence, obedience and prayer to God are indispensable duties; the government and religious instruction of children are duties of parents which they cannot neglect without guilt.", "2. Forbearance of that which is forbid by morality, law, justice or propriety. It is our duty to refrain from lewdness, intemperance, profaneness and injustice.", "3. Obedience; submission.", "4. Act of reverence or respect.", "They both did duty to their lady.", "5. The business of a soldier or marine on guard; as, the company is on duty. It is applied also to other services or labor.", "6. The business of war; military service; as, the regiment did duty in Flanders.", "7. Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods. An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax."], "dwarf": ["DWARF, n.", "1. A general name for an animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of the species or kind. A man that never grows beyond two or three feet in highth, is a dwarf. This word when used alone usually refers to the human species, but sometimes to other animals. When it is applied to plants, it is more generally used in composition; as a dwarf-tree; dwarf-elder.", "2. An attendant on a lady or knight in romances.", "DWARF, v.t. To hinder from growing to the natural size; to lessen; to make or keep small."], "dwell": ["DWELL, v.i. pret. dwelled, usually contracted into dwelt. See Dally.", "1. To abide as a permanent resident, or to inhabit for a time; to live in a place; to have a habitation for some time or permanence.", "God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem. Genesis 9.", "Dwell imports a residence of some continuance. We use abide for the resting of a night or an hour; but we never say, he dwelt in a place a day or a night. Dwell may signify a residence for life or for a much shorter period, but not for a day. In scripture, it denotes a residence of seven days during the feast of tabernacles.", "Ye shall dwell in booths seven days. Leviticus 23.", "The word was made flesh, and dwelt among us. John 1.", "2. To be in any state or condition; to continue.", "To dwell in doubtful joy.", "3. To continue; to be fixed in attention; to hang upon with fondness.", "The attentive queen dwelt on his accents.", "They stand at a distance, dwelling on his looks and language, fixed in amazement.", "4. To continue long; as, to dwell on a subject, in speaking, debate or writing; to dwell on a note in music.", "Dwell, as a verb transitive, is not used. We who dwell this wild, in Milton, is not a legitimate phrase."], "dwelling": ["DWELL'ING, ppr. Inhabiting; residing; sojourning; continuing with fixed attention.", "DWELL'ING, n. Habitation; place of residence; abode.", "Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons. Jer.49.", "1. Continuance; residence; state of life.", "Thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field. Dan.4."], "dweller": ["DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant; a resident of some continuance in a place."], "dyed": ["DY'ED, pp. Stained; colored."], "dying": ["DY'ING, ppr. from die. Losing life; perishing; expiring; fading away; languishing.", "1. a. Mortal; destined to death; as dying bodies."], "each": ["EACH, a. Every one of any number separately considered or treated.", "To all of them he gave each man changes of raiment. Gen.14.", "And the princes of Israel, being twelve men, each one was for the house of his fathers. Num.1.", "Simeon and Levi took each man his sword. Gen.34.", "The emperor distributed to each soldier in his army a liberal donative.", "To each corresponds other. Let each esteem other better than himself. It is our duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty to assist, each to assist the other."], "eagle": ["E'AGLE, n. L. aquila.", "1. A rapacious fowl of the genus Falco. The beak is crooked and furnished with a cere at the base, and the tongue is cloven or bifid. There are several species, as, the bald or white-headed eagle, the sea eagle or ossifrage, the golden eagle, &c.", "The eagle is one of the largest species of fowls, has a keen sight, and preys on small animals, fish, &c. He lives to a great age; and it is said that one died at Vienna, after a confinement of a hundred and four years. On account of the elevation and rapidity of his flight, and of his great strength, he is called the king of birds. Hence the figure of an eagle was made the standard of the Romans, and a spread eagle is a principal figure in the arms of the United States of America. Hence also in heraldry, it is one of the most noble bearings in armory.", "2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars, or forty-five shillings sterling.", "3. A constellation in the northern hemisphere, having its right wing contiguous to the equinoctial."], "ear": ["E'AR, n. L. auris, whence auricula; audio.", "1. The organ of hearing; the organ by which sound is perceived; and in general, both the external and internal part is understood by the term. The external ear is a cartilaginous funnel, attached, by ligaments and muscles, to the temporal bone.", "2. The sense of hearing, or rather the power of distinguishing sounds and judging of harmony; the power of nice perception of the differences of sound, or of consonances and dissonances. She has a delicate ear for music, or a good ear.", "3. In the plural, the head or person.", "It is better to pass over an affront from one scoundrel,than to draw a herd about one's ears.", "4. The top, or highest part.", "The cavalier was up to the ears in love.", "5. A favorable hearing; attention; heed; regard. Give no ear to flattery.", "I cried to God--and he gave ear to me. Ps.77.", "He could not gain the prince's ear.", "6. Disposition to like or dislike what is heard; opinion; judgment; taste.", "He laid his sense closer--according to the style and ear of those times.", "7. Any part of a thing resembling an ear; a projecting part from the side of any thing; as the ears of a vessel used as handles.", "8. The spike of corn; that part of certain plants which contains the flowers and seeds; as an ear of wheat or maiz.", "To be by the ears,------------------", "To fall together by the ears,------- to fight or scuffle; to", "To go together by the ears,--------- quarrel.", "To set by the ears, to make strife; to cause to quarrel."], "eared": ["E'ARED, pp. Having ears; having spikes formed, as corn."], "earing": ["E'ARING, n. In seamen's language, a small rope employed to fasten the upper corner of a sail to its yard.", "E'ARING, n. A plowing of land. Gen.44."], "earring": ["E'ARRING, n. A pendant; an ornament, sometimes set with diamonds, pearls or other jewels, worn at the ear, by means of a ring passing through the lobe."], "earliness": ["EARLINESS, n. er'liness. See Early and Ere.", "A state of advance or forwardness; a state of being before anything, or at the beginning; as the earliness of rising in the morning is a rising at the dawn of the morning, or before the usual time of rising. So we speak of the earliness of spring, or the earliness of plants, to express a state somewhat in advance of the usual time of spring, or growth of plants."], "early": ["EARLY, a. er'ly. Eng.ere.", "1. In advance of something else; prior in time; forward; as early fruit, that is, fruit that comes to maturity before other fruit; early growth; early manhood; early old age or decrepitude, that is, premature old age. So an early spring; an early harvest.", "2. First; being at the beginning; as early dawn.", "3. Being in good season; as, the court met at an early hour.", "EARLY, adv. er'ly. Soon; in good season; betimes; as, rise early; come early; begin early to instill into children principles of piety.", "Those who seek me early shall find me. Prov.8."], "earn": ["EARN, v.t. ern.", "1. To merit or deserve by labor, or by any performance; to do that which entitles to a reward, whether the reward is received or not. Men often earn money or honor which they never receive.", "Earn money before you spend it, and spend less than you earn.", "2. To gain by labor, service or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation; as, to earn a dollar a day; to earn a good living; to earn honors or laurels."], "earned": ["EARNED, pp. ern'ed. Merited by labor or performance; gained."], "earnest": ["EARNEST, a. ern'est.", "1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain; having a longing desire; warmly engaged or incited.", "They are never more earnest to disturb us, than when they see us most earnest in this duty.", "2. Ardent; warm; eager; zealous; animated; importunate; as earnest in love; earnest in prayer.", "3. Intent; fixed.", "On that prospect strange", "Their earnest eyes were fixed.", "4. Serious; important; that is, really intent or engaged; whence the phrase, in earnest. To be in earnest, is to be really urging or stretching towards an object; intent on a pursuit. Hence, from fixed attention, comes the sense of seriousness in the pursuit, as opposed to trifling or jest. Are you in earnest or in jest?", "EARNEST, n. ern'est. Seriousness; a reality; a real event; as opposed to jesting or feigned appearance.", "Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest.", "And given in earnest what I begg'd in jest.", "1. First fruits; that which is in advance, and gives promise of something to come. Early fruit may be an earnest of fruit to follow. The first success in arms may be an earnest of future success. The christian's peace of mind in this life is an earnest of future peace and happiness. Hence earnest or earnest-money is a first payment or deposit giving promise or assurance of full payment. Hence the practice of giving an earnest to ratify a bargain.", "This sense of the word is primary, denoting that which goes before, or in advance. Thus the earnest of the spirit is given to saints, as a pledge or assurance of their future enjoyment of God's presence and favor."], "earnful": ["EARNFUL, a. ern'ful. Full of anxiety. Not used."], "earning": ["EARNING, ppr. ern'ing. Meriting by services; gaining by labor or performance.", "EARNING, n. ern'ing.plu. earnings. That which is earned; that which is gained or merited by labor, services or performance; wages; reward. The folly of young men is to spend their earnings in dissipation or extravagance. It is wise for the poor to invest their earnings in a productive fund."], "earnestly": ["EARNESTLY, adv. ern'estly. Warmly; zealously; importunately; eagerly; with real desire.", "Being in an agony, he prayed more earnestly. Luke 22.", "That ye should earnestly contend for the faith once delivered to the saints. Jude 3.", "2. With fixed attention; with eagerness.", "A certain maid looked earnestly upon him. Luke 22."], "earth": ["EARTH, n. erth.", "1. Earth, in its primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the mass of the globe, but more particularly the particles which form the fine mold on the surface of the globe; or it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter. We throw up earth with a spade or plow; we fill a pit or ditch with earth; we form a rampart with earth. This substance being considered, by ancient philosophers, as simple, was called an element; and in popular language, we still hear of the four elements, fire, air,earth, and water.", "2. In chimistry, the term earth was, till lately, employed to denote a simple elementary body or substance, tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable and infusible. But it has also been applied to substances which have a very sensible alkaline taste, as lime. The primitive earths are reckoned ten in number, viz, silex, alumin, lime, magnesia, baryte, strontian, zircon, glucin, yttria and thorina. Recent experiments prove that most or all of them are compounds of oxygen with bases, some of which appear to possess the properties of metals. In this case the earths are to be considered as metallic oxyds.", "3. The terraqueous globe which we inhabit. The earth is nearly spherical, but a little flatted at the poles, and hence its figure is called an oblate spheroid. It is one of the primary planets, revolving round the sun in an orbit which is between those of Venus and Mars. It is nearly eight thousand miles in diameter, and twenty five thousand miles in circumference. Its distance from the sun is about ninety five millions of miles,and its annual revolution constitutes the year of 365 days, 5 hours, and nearly 49 minutes.", "4. The world, as opposed to other scenes of existence.", "5. The inhabitants of the globe.", "The whole earth was of one language. Gen.11.", "6. Dry land, opposed to the sea.", "God called the dry land earth. Gen.1.", "7. Country; region; a distinct part of the globe.", "In this sense, land or soil is more generally used.", "In scripture, earth is used for a part of the world. Ezra. 1.2.", "8. The ground; the surface of the earth. He fell to the earth. The ark was lifted above the earth.", "In the second month--was the earth dried. Gen.8.", "9. In scripture, things on the earth, are carnal, sensual, temporary things; opposed to heavenly, spiritual or divine things.", "10. Figuratively, a low condition. Rev.12.", "11. from ear, L. aro, to plow. The act of turning up the ground in tillage. Not used.", "EARTH, v.t. To hide in the earth.", "The fox is earthed.", "1. To cover with earth or mold.", "EARTH, v.i. To retire under ground; to burrow. Here foxes earthed."], "earthen": ["EARTH'EN, a. erth'n. Made of earth; made of clay; as an earthen vessel; earthen ware."], "earthiness": ["EARTH'INESS, n. The quality of being earthy, or of containing earth; grossness."], "earthy": ["EARTH'Y, a. Consisting of earth; as earthy matter.", "1. Resembling earth; as an earthy taste or smell.", "2. Partaking of earth; terrene.", "3. Inhabiting the earth; terrestrial; as earthy spirits.", "4. Relating to earth; as an earthy sign.", "5. Gross; not refined; as an earthy conceit.", "6. Earthy fracture, in mineralogy, is when the fracture of a mineral is rough, with minute elevations and depressions."], "earthliness": ["EARTH'LINESS, n. from earthly. The quality of being earthly; grossness.", "1. Worldliness; strong attachment to worldly things."], "earthly": ["EARTH'LY, a. Pertaining to the earth, or to this world.", "Our earthly house of this tabernacle. 2 Cor.5.", "1. Not heavenly; vile; mean,", "This earthly load", "Of death called life.", "2. Belonging to our present state; as earthly objects; earthly residence.", "3. Belonging to the earth or world; carnal; vile; as opposed to spiritual or heavenly.", "Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things. Phil.3.", "4. Corporeal; not mental."], "earthquake": ["EARTH'QUAKE, n. A shaking, trembling or concussion of the earth; sometimes a slight tremor; at other times a violent shaking or convulsion; at other times a rocking or heaving of the earth. Earthquakes are usually preceded by a rattling sound in the air, or by a subterraneous rumbling noise. Hence the name, earthdin, formerly given to an earthquake."], "ease": ["EASE, n. s as z. L. otium.", "1. Rest; an undisturbed state. Applied to the body, freedom from pain, disturbance, excitement or annoyance. He sits at his ease. He takes his ease.", "2. Applied to the mind, a quiet state; tranquillity; freedom from pain, concern, anxiety, solicitude, or any thing that frets or ruffles the mind.", "His soul shall dwell at ease. Ps.25.", "Wo to them that are at ease in Zion. Amos.6.", "3. Rest from labor.", "4. Facility; freedom from difficulty or great labor. One man will perform this service with ease. This author writes with ease.", "5. Freedom from stiffness, harshness, forced expressions, or unnatural arrangement; as the ease of style.", "6. Freedom from constraint or formality; unaffectedness; as ease of behavior.", "At ease, in an undisturbed state; free from pain or anxiety."], "easeful": ["E'ASEFUL, a. Quiet; peaceful; fit for rest."], "easily": ["E'ASILY, adv. from easy. Without difficulty or great labor; without great exertion, or sacrifice of labor or expense, as, this task may be easily performed; that event might have been easily foreseen.", "1. Without pain, anxiety or disturbance; in tranquillity; as, to pass life well and easily.", "2. Readily; without the pain of reluctance.", "Not soon provoked, she easily forgives.", "3. Smoothly; quietly; gently; without tumult or discord.", "4. Without violent shaking or jolting; as, a carriage moves easily."], "easiness": ["E'ASINESS, n. Freedom from difficulty; ease.", "Easiness and difficulty are relative terms.", "1. Flexibility; readiness to comply; prompt compliance; a yielding or disposition to yield without opposition or reluctance.", "Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your easiness.", "So we say, a man's easiness of temper is remarkable.", "2. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort or formality; applied to manners or to the style of writing.", "3. Rest; tranquillity; ease; freedom from pain.", "4. Freedom from shaking or jolting,as of a moving vehicle.", "5. Softness; as the easiness of a seat."], "easy": ["E'ASY, a. s as z. See Ease. Quiet;being at rest; free from pain, disturbance or annoyance. The patient has slept well and is easy.", "1. Free from anxiety, care, solicitude or peevishness; quiet; tranquil; as an easy mind.", "2. Giving no pain or disturbance; as an easy posture; an easy carriage.", "3. Not difficult; that gives or requires no great labor or exertion; that presents no great obstacles; as an easy task. It is often more easy to resolve, than to execute.", "Knowledge is easy to him that understandeth. Prov.14.", "4. Not causing labor or difficulty. An easy ascent or slope, is a slope rising with a small angle.", "5. Smooth; not uneven; not rough or very hilly; that may be traveled with ease; as an easy road.", "6. Gentle; moderate; not pressing; as a ship under easy sail.", "7. Yielding with little or no resistance; complying; credulous.", "With such deceits he gained their easy hearts.", "8. Ready; not unwilling; as easy to forgive.", "9. Contented; satisfied. Allow hired men wages that will make them easy.", "10. Giving ease; freeing from labor, care or the fatigue of business; furnishing abundance without toil; affluent; as easy circumstances; an easy fortune.", "11. Not constrained; not stiff or formal; as easy manners; an easy address; easy movements in dancing.", "12. Smooth; flowing; not harsh; as an easy style.", "13. Not jolting; as, the horse has an easy gait.", "14. Not heavy or burdensome.", "My yoke is easy, and my burden light. Matt.11."], "east": ["EAST, n. L. oriens, this word may belong to the root of hoise,hoist.", "1. The point in the heavens, where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or when it is in the equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the earth; one of the four cardinal points. The east and the west are the points where the equator intersects the horizon. But to persons under the equinoctial line, that line constitutes east and west.", "2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe, or other country. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, &c. We speak of the riches of the east, the diamonds and pearls of the east, the kings of the east.", "The gorgeous east, with richest hand,", "Pours on her kings barbaric,pearl and gold.", "EAST, a. Towards the rising sun; or towards the point where the sun rises, when in the equinoctial; as the east gate; the east border; the east side. The east wind is a wind that blows from the east."], "easter": ["E'ASTER, n.", "A festival of the christian church observed in commemoration of our Savior's resurrection. It answers to the pascha or passover of the Hebrews, and most nations still give it this name, pascha, pask, paque."], "eastward": ["E'ASTWARD, adv. east and ward. Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place. New Haven lies eastward from New York. Turn your eyes eastward."], "eat": ["EAT, v.t. pret. ate; pp. eat or eaten. L. edo, esse, esum.", "1. To bite or chew and swallow, as food.", "Men eat flesh and vegetables.", "They shall make thee to eat grass as oxen. Dan.4.", "2. To corrode; to wear away; to separate parts of a thing gradually, as an animal by gnawing. We say a cancer eats the flesh.", "3. To consume; to waste.", "When goods increase, they are increased that eat them. Ecc.5.", "4. To enjoy.", "If ye be willing and obedient,ye shall eat the good of the land. Is.1.", "5. To consume; to oppress.", "Who eat up my people as they eat bread. Ps.14.", "6. To feast.", "Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die. Is.22.", "In scripture, to eat the flesh of Christ, is to believe on him and be nourished by faith.", "To eat one's words, is to swallow back; to take back what has been uttered; to retract.", "EAT, v.i. To take food; to feed; to take a meal, or to board.", "He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam.", "Why eateth your master with publicans and sinners. Matt.9.", "1. To take food; to be maintained in food.", "To eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way by corrosion; to gnaw, to enter by gradually wearing or separating the parts of a substance. A cancer eats into the flesh.", "Their word will eat as doth a canker. 2 Tim.2.", "To eat out, to consume.", "Their word will eat out the vitals of religion, corrupt and destroy it."], "eating": ["E'ATING, ppr. Chewing and swallowing; consuming; corroding."], "eaten": ["E'ATEN, pp. ee'tn. Chewed and swallowed; consumed; corroded."], "eater": ["E'ATER, n. One who eats; that which eats or corrodes; a corrosive."], "ebbing": ["EBB'ING, ppr. Flowing back; declining; decaying.", "EBB'ING, n. The reflux of the tide."], "ebony": ["EB'ONY, n. L. ebenus. A species of hard,heavy and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss; said to be brought from Madagascar. The most usual color is black, red or green. The best is a jet black, free from veins and rind, very heavy, astringent and of an acrid pungent taste. On burning coals it yields an agreeable perfume, and when green it readily takes fire from its abundance of fat. It is wrought into toys, and used for mosaic and inlaid work."], "ed": ["EAD,ED, in names, is a Saxon word signifying happy, fortunate; as in Edward, happy preserver; Edgar, happy power; Edwin,happy conqueror; Eadulph, happy assistance; like Macarius and Eupolemus in Greek and Fausta, Fortunatus, Felicianus, in Latin."], "eden": ["E'DEN, n. Heb. pleasure, delight. The country and garden in which Adam and Eve were placed by God himself."], "edenized": ["E'DENIZED, a. Admitted into paradise."], "edge": ["EDGE, n. L. acies, acus.", "1. In a general sense, the extreme border or point of any thing; as the edge of the table; the edge of a book; the edge of cloth. It coincides nearly with border, brink, margin. It is particularly applied to the sharp border, the thin cutting extremity of an instrument, as the edge of an ax, razor, knife or scythe; also, to the point of an instrument, as the edge of a sword.", "2. Figuratively, that which cuts or penetrates; that which wounds or injures; as the edge of slander.", "3. A narrow part rising from a broader.", "Some harrow their ground over, and then plow it upon an edge.", "4. Sharpness of mind or appetite; keenness; intenseness of desire; fitness for action or operation; as the edge of appetite or hunger.", "Silence and solitude set an edge on the genius.", "5. Keenness; sharpness; acrimony.", "Abate the edge of traitors.", "To set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling or grating sensation in the teeth.", "EDGE, v.t.", "1. To sharpen.", "To edge her champion's sword.", "2. To furnish with an edge.", "A sword edged with flint.", "3. To border; to fringe.", "A long descending train,", "With rubies edged.", "4. To border; to furnish with an ornamental border; as, to edge a flower-bed with box.", "5. To sharpen; to exasperate; to embitter.", "By such reasonings,the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged.", "6. To incite; to provoke; to urge on; to instigate; that is, to push on as with a sharp point; to goad. Ardor or passion will edge a man forward,when arguments fail.", "7. To move sideways; to move by little and little; as, edge your chair along.", "EDGE, v.i. To move sideways; to move gradually. Edge along this way.", "1. To sail close to the wind.", "To edge away, in sailing, is to decline gradually from the shore or from the line of the course.", "To edge in with, to draw near to, as a ship in chasing."], "edged": ["EDG'ED, pp. Furnished with an edge or border.", "1. Incited; instigated.", "2. a. Sharp; keen."], "edging": ["EDG'ING, ppr. Giving an edge; furnishing with an edge.", "1. Inciting; urging on; goading; stimulating; instigating.", "2. Moving gradually or sideways.", "3. Furnishing with a border.", "EDG'ING, n. That which is added on the border, or which forms the edge; as lace, fringe, trimming, added to a garment for ornament.", "Bordered with a rosy edging.", "1. A narrow lace.", "2. In gardening, a row of small plants wet along the border of a flower-bed; as an edging of box."], "edification": ["EDIFICA'TION, n. L. oedificatio. See Edify.", "1. A building up, in a moral and religious sense; instruction; improvement and progress of the mind, in knowledge, in morals, or in faith and holiness.", "He that prophesieth, speaketh to men to edification. 1 Cor.14.", "2. Instruction; improvement of the mind in any species of useful knowledge."], "edified": ["ED'IFIED, pp. Instructed; improved in literary, moral or religious knowledge."], "edifier": ["ED'IFIER, n. One that improves another by instructing him."], "edify": ["ED'IFY, v.t. L. oedifico; oedes, a house, and facio, to make.", "1. To build, in a literal sense. Not now used.", "2. To instruct and improve the mind in knowledge generally,and particularly in moral and religious knowledge, in faith and holiness.", "Edify one another. 1 Thess.5.", "3. To teach or persuade. Not used."], "edifying": ["ED'IFYING, ppr. Building up in christian knowledge; instructing; improving the mind."], "edifyingly": ["ED'IFYINGLY, adv. In an edifying manner."], "effect": ["EFFECT', n. L. effectus, from efficio; ex and facio, to make.", "1. That which is produced by an agent or cause; as the effect of luxury; the effect of intemperance.", "Poverty, disease and disgrace are the natural effects of dissipation.", "2. Consequence; event.", "To say that a composition is imperfect,is in effect to say the author is a man.", "3. Purpose; general intent.", "They spoke to her to that effect. 2 Chron.34.", "4. Consequence intended; utility; profit; advantage.", "Christ is become of no effect to you. Gal.5.", "5. Force; validity. The obligation is void and of no effect.", "6. Completion; perfection.", "Not so worthily to be brought to heroical effect by fortune or necessity.", "7. Reality; not mere appearance; fact.", "No other in effect than what it seems.", "8. In the plural, effects are goods; movables; personal estate. The people escaped from the town with their effects.", "EFFECT', v.t. from the Noun. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be. The revolution in France effected a great change of property.", "1. To bring to pass; to achieve; to accomplish; as, to effect an object or purpose."], "effected": ["EFFECT'ED, pp. Done; performed; accomplished."], "effectible": ["EFFECT'IBLE, a. That may be done or achieved; practicable; feasible."], "effecting": ["EFFECT'ING, ppr. Producing; performing; accomplishing."], "effective": ["EFFECT'IVE, a. Having the power to cause or produce; efficacious.", "They are not effective of any thing.", "1. Operative; active; having the quality of producing effects.", "Time is not effective,nor are bodies destroyed by it.", "2. Efficient; causing to be; as an effective cause.", "3. Having the power of active operation; able; as effective men in any army; an effective force."], "effectively": ["EFFECT'IVELY, adv. With effect; powerfully; with real operation.", "This effectively resists the devil.", "In this sense, effectually is generally used."], "effectual": ["EFFECT'UAL, a. Producing an effect, or the effect desired or intended; or having adequate power or force to produce the effect. The means employed were effectual.", "According to the gift of the grace of God given me by the effectual working of his power. Eph. 3.", "1. Veracious; expressive of facts. Not used.", "2. Effectual assassin, in Mitford, is unusual and not well authorized."], "effectually": ["EFFECT'UALLY, adv. With effect; efficaciously; in a manner to produce the intended effect; thoroughly. The weeds on land for grain must be effectually subdued. The city is effectually guarded."], "effectuate": ["EFFECT'UATE, v.t. To bring to pass; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfil; as, to effectuate a purpose or desire."], "effectuated": ["EFFECT'UATED, pp. Accomplished."], "effectuating": ["EFFECT'UATING, ppr. Achieving; performing to effect."], "effeminate": ["EFFEM'INATE, a. L. effoeminatus, from effoeminor, to grow or make womanish, from foemina, a woman. See Woman.", "1. Having the qualities of the female sex; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; tender; womanish; voluptuous.", "The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor.", "2. Womanish; weak; resembling the practice or qualities of the sex; as an effeminate peace; an effeminate life.", "3. Womanlike, tender, in a sense not reproachful.", "EFFEM'INATE, v.t. To make womanish; to unman; to weaken; as to effeminate children.", "EFFEM'INATE, v.i. To grow womanish or weak; to melt into weakness.", "In a slothful peace courage will effeminate."], "effeminately": ["EFFEM'INATELY, adv. In a womanish manner; weakly; softly.", "1. By means of a woman; as effeminately vanquished."], "effeminateness": ["EFFEM'INATENESS, n. Unmanlike softness."], "effemination": ["EFFEMINA'TION, n. The state of one grown womanish; the state of being weak or unmanly. Little used."], "egg": ["EGG, n. L. ovum, by a change of g into v. A body formed in the females of fowls and certain other animals, containing an embryo or fetus of the same species, or the substance from which a like animal is produced. The eggs of fowls when laid are covered with a shell, and within is the white or albumen, which incloses the yolk or yellow substance. The eggs of fish and some other animals are united by a viscous substance, and called spawn. Most insects are oviparous.", "Egg, to incite, is a more blunder. See Edge."], "egyptian": ["EGYP'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Egypt in Africa.", "EGYP'TIAN, n. A native of Egypt; also, a gypsy."], "eight": ["EIGHT, a. L. octo. Twice four; expressing the number twice four. Four and four make eight."], "eighteen": ["EIGHTEEN, a 'ateen. Eight and ten united."], "eighteenth": ["EIGHTEENTH, a. 'ateenth. The next in order after the seventeenth."], "eighth": ["EIGHTH, a. aitth. Noting the number eight; the number next after seven; the ordinal of eight."], "eightieth": ["EIGHTIETH, a. 'atieth. from eighty. The next in order to the seventy ninth; the eighth tenth."], "eighty": ["EIGHTY, a. 'aty. Eight times ten; four score."], "either": ["E'ITHER, a. or pron.", "1. One or another of any number. Here are ten oranges; take either orange of the whole number, or take either of them. In the last phrase, either stands as a pronoun or substitute.", "2. One of two. This sense is included in the foregoing.", "Lepidus flatters both,", "Of both is flattered; but he neither loves,", "Nor either cares for him.", "3. Each; every one separately considered.", "On either side of the river. Rev.22.", "4. This word, when applied to sentences or propositions, is called a distributive or a conjunction. It precedes the first of two or more alternatives, and is answered by or before the second, or succeeding alternatives.", "Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is on a journey, or perhaps he sleepeth. l Kings 18.", "In this sentence, either refers to each of the succeeding clauses of the sentence."], "eld": ["ELD, n. Old age; decrepitude.", "1. Old people; persons worn out with age.", "This word is entirely obsolete. But its derivative elder is in use."], "eldest": ["ELD'EST, a. Oldest; most advanced in age; that was born before others; as the eldest son or daughter. It seems to always applied to persons or at least to animals, and not to things. If ever applied to things, it must signify, that was first formed or produced, that has existed the longest time. But applied to things we use oldest."], "elding": ["ELD'ING, n. Fuel. Local."], "elder": ["EL'DER, n. A species of duck."], "elect": ["ELECT', v.t. L. electus, from eligo; e or ex and lego; Gr. to choose.", "1. Properly, to pick out; to select from among two or more, that which is preferred. Hence,", "2. To select or take for an office or employment; to choose from among a number; to select or manifest preference by vote or designation; as, to elect a representative by ballot or viva voce; to elect a president or governor.", "3. In theology, to designate, choose or select as an object of mercy or favor.", "4. To choose; to prefer; to determine in favor of.", "ELECT', a. Chosen, taken by preference from among two or more. Hence,", "1. In theology, chosen as the object of mercy; chosen, selected or designated to eternal life; predestinated in the divine counsels.", "2. Chosen, but no inaugurated, consecrated or invested with office; as bishop elect; emperor elect; governor or mayor elect. But in the scriptures, and in theology, this word is generally used as a noun.", "ELECT', n. One chosen or set apart; applied to Christ.", "Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth. Is. 42.", "1. Chosen or designated by God to salvation; predestinated to glory as the end, and to sanctification as the means; usually with a plural signification, the elect.", "Shall not God avenge his own elect? Luke 18.", "If it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect. Matt.24.", "He shall send his angels--and they shall gather his elect from the four winds. Matt.24.", "2. Chosen; selected; set apart as a peculiar church and people; applied to the Israelites. Is.45."], "elected": ["ELECT'ED, pp. Chosen; preferred; designated to office by some act of the constituents, as by vote; chosen or predestinated to eternal life."], "electing": ["ELECT'ING, ppr. Choosing; selecting from a number; preferring; designating to office by choice or preference; designating or predestinating to eternal salvation."], "election": ["ELEC'TION, n. L. electio. The act of choosing; choice; the act of selecting one or more from others. Hence appropriately,", "1. The act of choosing a person to fill an office or employment, by any manifestation of preference, as by ballot, uplifted hands or viva voce; as the election of a king, of a president, or a mayor.", "Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom.", "2. Choice; voluntary preference; free will; liberty to act or not. It is at his election to accept or refuse.", "3. Power of choosing or selecting.", "4. Discernment; discrimination; distinction.", "To use men with much difference and election is good.", "5. In theology, divine choice; predetermination of God, by which persons are distinguished as objects of mercy, become subjects of grace, are sanctified and prepared for heaven.", "There is a remnant according to the election of grace.", "Rom.11.", "6. The public choice of officers.", "7. The day of a public choice of officers.", "8. Those who are elected.", "The election hath obtained it. Rom.11."], "elective": ["ELECT'IVE, a. Dependent on choice, as an elective monarchy, in which the king is raised to the throne by election; opposed to hereditary.", "1. Bestowed or passing by election; as an office is elective.", "2. Pertaining to or consisting in choice or right of choosing; as elective franchise.", "3. Exerting the power of choice; as an elective act.", "4. Selecting for combination; as elective attraction, which is a tendency in bodies to unite with certain kinds of matter in preference to others."], "electively": ["ELECT'IVELY, adv. By choice; with preference of one to another."], "element": ["EL'EMENT, n. L. elementus.", "1. The first or constituent principle or minutest part or any thing; as the elements of earth, water, salt, or wood; the elements of the world; the elements of animal or vegetable bodies. So letters are called the elements of language.", "2. An ingredient; a constituent part of any composition.", "3. In a chimical sense, an atom; the minutest particle of a substance; that which cannot be divided by chimical analysis, and therefore considered as a simple substance, as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, &c.", "An element is strictly the last result of chimical analysis; that which cannot be decomposed by any means now employed.", "An atom is the last result of mechanical division; that which cannot be any farther divided, without decomposition; hence there may be both elementary and compound atoms.", "4. In the plural, the first rules or principles of an art or science; rudiments; as the elements of geometry; the elements of music; the elements of painting; the elements of a theory.", "5. In popular language, fire,air, earth and water, are called the four elements, as formerly it was supposed that these are simple bodies,of which the world is composed. Later discoveries prove air, earth and water to be compound bodies,and fire to be only the extrication of light and heat during combustion.", "6. Element, in the singular, is sometimes used for the air.", "7. The substance which forms the natural or most suitable habitation of an animal. Water is the proper element of fishes; air, of man. Hence,", "8. The proper state or sphere of any thing; the state of things suited to one's temper or habits. Faction is the element of a demagogue.", "9. The matter or substances which compose the world.", "The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Pet.3.", "10. The outline or sketch; as the elements of a plan.", "11. Moving cause or principle; that which excites action.", "Passions, the elements of life."], "elemental": ["ELEMENT'AL, a. Pertaining to elements.", "1. Produced by some of the four supposed elements; as elemental war.", "2. Produced by elements; as elemental strife.", "3. Arising from first principles."], "elementality": ["ELEMENTAL'ITY, n. Composition of principles or ingredients."], "elementally": ["ELEMENT'ALLY, adv. According to elements; literally; as the words, \"Take, eat; this is my body,\" elementally understood."], "elephant": ["EL'EPHANT, n. L. elephas, elephantus; probably from the Heb. a leader or chief, the chief or great animal.", "1. The largest of all quadrupeds, belonging to the order of Bruta. This animal has no foreteeth in either jaw; the canine-teeth are very long; and he has a long proboscis or trunk, by which he conveys food and drink to his mouth. The largest of these animals is about 16 feet long and 14 feet high; but smaller varieties are not more than seven feet high. The eyes are small and the feet short,round,clumsy, and distinguishable only by the toes. The trunk is a cartilaginous and muscular tube, extending from the upper jaw, and is seven or eight feet in length. The general shape of his body resembles that of swine. His skin is rugged, and his hair thin, The two large tusks are of a yellowish color,and extremely hard. The bony substance of these is called ivory. The elephant is 30 years in coming to his full growth, and he lives to 150 or 200 years of age. Elephants are natives of the warm climates of Africa and Asia, where they are employed as beasts of burden. They were formerly used in war.", "2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant."], "eleven": ["ELEV'EN, a. elev'n. Ten and one added; as eleven men."], "eleventh": ["ELEV'ENTH, a. The next in order to the tenth; as the eleventh chapter."], "elm": ["ELM, n. L. ulmus. A tree of the genus Ulmus. The common elm is one of the largest and most majestic trees of the forest, and is cultivated for shade and ornament. Another species, the fulva, is called slippery elm, from the quality of its inner bark. One species seems to have been used to support vines.", "The treaty which William Penn made with the natives in 1682 was negotiated under a large Elm which grew on the spot now called Kensington, just above Philadelphia. It was prostrated by a storm in 1810, at which time its stem measured 24 feet in circumference."], "eloquence": ["EL'OQUENCE, n. L. eloquentia, from eloquor, loquor, to speak; Gr. to crack, to sound, to speak. The primary sense is probably to burst with a sound; a fissure, from the same root; whence, to open or split; whence L. lacero, to tear; and hence perhaps Eng. a leak.", "1. Oratory; the act or the art of speaking well, or with fluency and elegance. Eloquence comprehends a good elocution or utterance; correct; appropriate and rich expressions, with fluency, animation and suitable action. Hence eloquence is adapted to please, affect and persuade. Demosthenes in Greece, Cicero in Rome, lord Chatham and Burke in Great Britain, were distinguished for their eloquence in declamation, debate or argument.", "2. The power of speaking with fluency and elegance.", "3. Elegant language, uttered with fluency and animation.", "She uttereth piercing eloquence.", "4. It is sometimes applied to written language."], "eloquent": ["EL'OQUENT, a. Having the power of oratory; speaking with fluency, propriety, elegance and animation; as an eloquent orator; an eloquent preacher.", "1. Composed with elegance and spirit; elegant and animated; adapted to please, affect and persuade; as an eloquent address; an eloquent petition or remonstrance; an eloquent history."], "eloquently": ["EL'OQUENTLY, adv. With eloquence; in an eloquent manner; in a manner to please, affect and persuade."], "else": ["ELSE, a. or pron. els. L. alius, alias. See Alien.", "Other; one or something beside. Who else is coming? What else shall I give? Do you expect any thing else? This word, if considered to be an adjective or pronoun, never precedes its noun,but always follows it.", "ELSE, adv. els. Otherwise; in the other case; if the fact were different. Thou desirest not sacrifice, else would I give it; that is, if thou didst desire sacrifice, I would give it. Ps. v.16. Repent, or else I will come to thee quickly; that is, repent, or if thou shouldst not repent, if the case or fact should be different, I will come to thee quickly. Rev.2.5.", "1. Beside; except that mentioned; as, no where else."], "embalm": ["EMB'ALM, v.t. emb'am.", "1. To open a dead body, take out the intestines,and fill their place with odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to prevent its putrefaction.", "Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father; and the physicians embalmed Israel. Gen.1.", "2. To fill with sweet scent.", "3. To preserve,with care and affection, from loss or decay.", "The memory of my beloved daughter is embalmed in my heart.", "Virtue alone, with lasting grace,", "Embalms the beauties of the face."], "embalmed": ["EMB`ALMED, pp. Filled with aromatic plants for preservation; preserved from loss or destruction."], "embalmer": ["EMB`ALMER, n. One who embalms bodies for preservation."], "embalming": ["EMB`ALMING, ppr. Filling a dead body with spices for preservation; preserving with care from loss, decay or destruction."], "embolden": ["EMBOLDEN, v.t. en and bold. To give boldness or courage; to encourage. l Cor.8."], "emboldened": ["EMBOLDENED, pp. Encouraged."], "emboldening": ["EMBOLDENING, ppr. Giving courage or boldness."], "embrace": ["EMBRA'CE, v.t.", "1. To take, clasp or inclose in the arms; to press to the bosom, in token of affection.", "Paul called to him the disciples and embraced them. Act.20.", "2. To seize eagerly; to lay hold on; to receive or take with willingness that which is offered; as, to embrace the christian religion; to embrace the opportunity of doing a favor.", "3. To comprehend; to include or take in; as, natural philosophy embraces many sciences.", "4. To comprise; to inclose;to encompass; to contain; to encircle.", "Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed,", "Between the mountain and the stream embraced.", "5. To receive; to admit.", "6. To find; to take; to accept.", "Fleance--must embrace the fate", "Of that dark hour.", "7. To have carnal intercourse with.", "8. To put on.", "9. To attempt to influence a jury corruptly.", "EMBRA'CE, v.i. To join in an embrace.", "EMBRA'CE, n. Inclosure or clasp with the arms; pressure to the bosom with the arms.", "1. Reception of one thing into another.", "2. Sexual intercourse; conjugal endearment."], "embraced": ["EMBRA'CED, pp. Inclosed in the arms; clasped to the bosom; seized; laid hold on; received; comprehended; included; contained; accepted.", "1. Influenced corruptly; biassed; as a juror."], "embracement": ["EMBRA'CEMENT, n. A clasp in the arms; a hug; embrace.", "1. Hostile hug; grapple. Little used.", "2. Comprehension; state of being contained; inclosure. Little used.", "3. Conjugal endearment; sexual commerce.", "4. Willing acceptance. Little used."], "embracer": ["EMBRA'CER, n. The person who embraces.", "1. One who attempts to influence a jury corruptly."], "embracing": ["EMBRA'CING, ppr. Clasping in the arms; pressing to the bosom; seizing and holding; comprehending; including; receiving; accepting; having conjugal intercourse.", "1. Attempting to influence a jury corruptly."], "embroider": ["EMBROID'ER, v.t. To border with ornamental needle-work, or figures; to adorn with raised figures of needle-work; as cloth, stuffs or muslin.", "Thou shalt embroider the coat of fine line. Ex. 28."], "embroidered": ["EMBROID'ERED, pp. Adorned with figures of needle-work."], "embroidering": ["EMBROID'ERING, ppr. Ornamenting with figured needle-work."], "embroiderer": ["EMBROID'ERER, n. One who embroiders."], "emerald": ["EM'ERALD, n. L. smaragdus. A mineral and a precious stone, whose colors are a pure, lively green, varying to a pale,yellowish, bluish, or grass green. It is always crystallized, and almost always appears in regular, hexahedral prisms, more or less perfect, and sometimes slightly modified by truncations on the edges, or on the solid angles. It is a little harder than quartz, becomes electric by friction, is often transparent, sometimes only translucent, and before the blowpipe is fusible into a whitish enamel or glass. The finest emeralds have been found in Peru.", "The subspecies of emerald are the precious emerald and the beryl."], "emerods": ["EM'ERODS, n. With a plural termination. Corrupted from hemorrhoids, Gr. to labor under a flowing of blood.", "Hemorrhoids; piles; a dilatation of the veins about the rectum, with a discharge of blood.", "The Lord will smite thee--with the emerods. Deut.28."], "eminency": ["EM'INENCY, n. L. eminentia, from eminens, emineo, to stand or show itself above; e and minor, to threaten, that is, to stand or push forward.", "1. Elevation, highth, in a literal sense; but usually, a rising ground; a hill of moderate elevation above the adjacent ground.", "The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence.", "2. Summit; highest part.", "3. A part rising or projecting beyond the rest, or above the surface. We speak of eminences on any plain or smooth surface.", "4. An elevated situation among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank,office or celebrity. Merit may place a man on an eminence, and make him conspicuous. Eminence is always exposed to envy.", "5. Exaltation; high rank; distinction; celebrity; fame; preferment; conspicuousness.", "Office, rank and great talents give eminence to men in society.", "Where men cannot arrive at eminence, religion may make compensation, by teaching content.", "6. Supreme degree.", "7. Notice; distinction.", "8. A title of honor given to cardinals and others."], "eminent": ["EM'INENT, a. L. eminens, from emineo.", "1. High; lofty; as an eminent place. Ezek.16.", "2. Exalted in rank; high in office; dignified; distinguished. Princes hold eminent stations in society, as do ministers, judges and legislators.", "3. High in public estimation; conspicuous; distinguished above others; remarkable; as an eminent historian or poet; an eminent scholar. Burke was an eminent orator; Watts and Cowper were eminent for their piety."], "eminently": ["EM'INENTLY, adv. In a high degree; in a degree to attract observation; in a degree to be conspicuous and distinguished from others; as, to be eminently learned or useful."], "empire": ["EM'PIRE, n. L. imperium; See Emperor.", "1. Supreme power in governing; supreme dominion; sovereignty; imperial power. No nation can rightfully claim the empire of the ocean.", "2. The territory, region or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor. An empire is usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, which may be and often is a territory of small extent. Thus we say, the Russian empire; the Austrian empire; the sovereigns of which are denominated emperors. The British dominions are called an empire, and since the union of Ireland, the parliament is denominated the imperial parliament, but the sovereign is called king. By custom in Europe, the empire means the German empire; and in juridical acts, it is called the holy Roman empire. Hence, we say, the diet of the empire; the circles of the empire; &c. But the German empire no longer exists; the states of Germany now form a confederacy.", "3. Supreme control; governing influence; rule; sway; as the empire of reason, or of truth.", "4. Any region, land or water, over which dominion is extended; as the empire of the sea."], "empiric": ["EM'PIRIC, n. Gr. to attempt; L. empiricus.", "Literally, one who makes experiments. Hence its appropriate signification is, a physician who enters on practice without a regular professional education, and relies on the success of his own experience. Hence,the word is used also for a quack, an ignorant pretender to medical skill, a charlatan."], "empirical": ["EMPIR'ICAL, a. Pertaining to experiments or experience.", "1. Versed in experiments; as an empiric alchimist.", "2. Known only by experience; derived from experiment; used and applied without science; as empiric skill; empiric remedies.", "I have avoided that empirical morality that cures one vice by means of another."], "empirically": ["EMPIR'ICALLY, adv. By experiment; according to experience; without science; in the manner of quacks."], "employ": ["EMPLOY', v.t. L. plico.", "1. To occupy the time, attention and labor of; to keep busy, or at work; to use. We employ our hands in labor; we employ our heads or faculties in study or thought; the attention is employed, when the mind is fixed or occupied upon an object; we employ time, when we devote it to an object. A portion of time should be daily employed in reading the scriptures, meditation and prayer; a great portion of life is employed to little profit or to very bad purposes.", "2. To use as an instrument or means. We employ pens in writing, and arithmetic in keeping accounts. We employ medicines in curing diseases.", "3. To use as materials in forming any thing. We employ timber, stones or bricks, in building; we employ wool, linen and cotton, in making cloth.", "4. To engage in one's service; to use as an agent or substitute in transacting business; to commission and entrust with the management of one's affairs. The president employed an envoy to negotiate a treaty. Kings and States employ embassadors at foreign courts.", "5. To occupy; to use; to apply or devote to an object; to pass in business; as, to employ time; to employ an hour, a day or a week; to employ one's life.", "To employ one's self, is to apply or devote one's time and attention; to busy one's self."], "employed": ["EMPLOY'ED, pp. Occupied; fixed or engaged; applied in business; used in agency."], "employing": ["EMPLOY'ING, ppr. Occupying; using; keeping busy."], "employable": ["EMPLOY'ABLE, a. That may be employed; capable of being used; fit or proper for use."], "employer": ["EMPLOY'ER, n. One who employs; one who uses; one who engages or keeps in service."], "employment": ["EMPLOY'MENT, n. The act of employing or using.", "1. Occupation; business; that which engages the head or hands; as agricultural employments; mechanical employments. Men, whose employment is to make sport and amusement for others, are always despised.", "2. Office; public business or trust; agency or service for another or for the public. The secretary of the treasury has a laborious and responsible employment. He is in the employment of government."], "emptier": ["EMP'TIER, n. One that empties or exhausts."], "emptiness": ["EMP'TINESS, n. from empty. A state of being empty; a state of containing nothing except air; destitution; absence of matter; as the emptiness of a vessel.", "1. Void space; vacuity; vacuum.", "2. Want of solidity or substance; as the emptiness of light and shade.", "3. Unsatisfactoriness; inability to satisfy desire; as the emptiness of earthly things.", "4. Vacuity of head; want of intellect or knowledge."], "empty": ["EMP'TY, a.", "1. Containing nothing, or nothing but air; as an empty chest; empty space; an empty purse is a serious evil.", "2. Evacuated; not filled; as empty shackles.", "3. Unfurnished; as an empty room.", "4. Void; devoid.", "In civility thou seemest so empty.", "5. Void; destitute of solid matter; as empty air.", "6. Destitute of force or effect; as empty words.", "7. Unsubstantial; unsatisfactory; not able to fill the mind or the desires. The pleasures of life are empty and unsatisfying.", "Pleased with empty praise.", "8. Not supplied; having nothing to carry.", "They beat him, and sent him away empty. Mark 12.", "9. Hungry.", "My falcon now is sharp and passing empty.", "10. Unfurnished with intellect or knowledge; vacant of head; ignorant; as an empty coxcomb.", "11. Unfruitful; producing nothing.", "Israel is an empty vine. Hosca 10.", "Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. Gen.41.", "12. Wanting substance; wanting solidity; as empty dreams.", "13. Destitute; waste;desolate.", "Nineveh is empty. Nah.2.", "14. Without effect.", "The sword of Saul returned not empty. 2 Sam.1.", "15. Without a cargo; in ballast; as, the ship returned empty.", "EMP'TY, v.t. To exhaust; to make void or destitute; to deprive of the contents; as, to empty a vessel; to empty a well or a cistern.", "1. To pour out the contents.", "The clouds empty themselves on the earth. Eccles.11.", "Rivers empty themselves into the ocean.", "2. To waste; to make desolate. Jer.51.", "EMP'TY, v.i. To pour out or discharge its contents.", "The Connecticut empties into the Sound.", "1. To become empty."], "emptying": ["EMP'TYING, ppr. Pouring out the contents; making void."], "emptyings": ["EMP'TYINGS, n. The lees of beer, cider, &c."], "emulate": ["EM'ULATE, v.t. L. oemulor; Gr. strife, contest.", "1. To strive to equal or excel, in qualities or actions; to imitate, with a view to equal or excel; to vie with; to rival. Learn early to emulate the good and the great. Emulate the virtues and shun the vices of distinguished men.", "2. To be equal to.", "Thy eye would emulate the diamond.", "3. To imitate; to resemble. Unusual.", "Convulsion emulating the motion of laughter.", "EM'ULATE, a. Ambitious. Little used."], "emulated": ["EM'ULATED, pp. Rivaled; imitated."], "emulating": ["EM'ULATING, ppr. Rivaling; attempting to equal or excel; imitating; resembling."], "emulation": ["EMULA'TION, n. The act of attempting to equal or excel in qualities or actions; rivalry; desire of superiority, attended with effort to attain to it; generally in a good sense, or an attempt to equal or excel others in that which is praise-worthy, without the desire of depressing others. Rom.11. In a bad sense, a striving to equal or do more than others to obtain carnal favors or honors. Val.5.", "1. An ardor kindled by the praise-worthy examples of others, inciting to imitate them, or to equal or excel them.", "A noble emulation heats your breast.", "2. Contest; contention; strife; competition; rivalry accompanied with a desire of depressing another.", "Such factious emulations shall arise."], "emulative": ["EM'ULATIVE, a. Inclined to emulation; rivaling; disposed to competition."], "emulator": ["EM'ULATOR, , n. One who emulates; a rival; a competitor."], "emule": ["EMU'LE, v.t. To emulate. Not used."], "emulous": ["EM'ULOUS, a. L. oemulus. Desirous or eager to imitate, equal or excel another; desirous of like excellence with another; with of; as emulous of another's example or virtues.", "1. Rivaling; engaged in competition; as emulous Carthage.", "2. Factious; contentious."], "emulously": ["EM'ULOUSLY, adv. With desire of equaling or excelling another."], "enable": ["ENABLE, v.t. Norm. enhabler; en and hable, able. See Able.", "1. To make able; to supply with power,physical or moral; to furnish with sufficient power or ability. By strength a man is enabled to work. Learning and industry enable men to investigate the laws of nature. Fortitude enables us to bear pain without murmuring.", "2. To supply with means. Wealth enables men to be charitable, or to live in luxury.", "3. To furnish with legal ability or competency; to authorize. The law enables us to dispose of our property by will.", "4. To furnish with competent knowledge or skill, and in general, with adequate means."], "enabled": ["ENA'BLED, pp. Supplied with sufficient power, physical, moral or legal."], "enablement": ["ENA'BLEMENT, n. The act of enabling; ability."], "enabling": ["ENA'BLING, ppr. Giving power to; supplying with sufficient power, ability or means; authorizing."], "encamp": ["ENCAMP', v.i. from camp. To pitch tents or form huts, as an army; to halt on a march, spread tents and remain for a night or for a longer time, as an army or company.", "They encamped in Etham. Ex.13.", "The Levites shall encamp about the tabernacle. Num.1.", "1. To pitch tents for the purpose of a siege; to besiege.", "Encamp against the city and take it. 2 Sam. 7."], "encamped": ["ENCAMP'ED, pp. Settled in tents or huts for lodging or temporary habitation."], "encamping": ["ENCAMP'ING, ppr. Pitching tents or forming huts, for a temporary lodging or rest."], "encampment": ["ENCAMP'MENT, n. The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as an army or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest.", "1. The place where an army or company is encamped; a camp; a regular order of tents or huts for the accommodation of an army or troop."], "enchant": ["ENCH`ANT, v.t. L. incanto; in and canto, to sing. See Chant and Cant.", "1. To practice sorcery or witchcraft on any thing; to give efficacy to any thing by songs of sorcery, or fascination.", "And now about the cauldron sing,", "Like elves and fairies in a ring,", "Enchanting all that you put in.", "2. To subdue by charms or spells.", "3. To delight to the highest degree; to charm; to ravish with pleasure; as,the description enchants me; we were enchanted with the music."], "enchanted": ["ENCH`ANTED, pp. Affected by sorcery; fascinated; subdued by charms; delighted beyond measure.", "1. Inhabited or possessed by elves, witches, or other imaginary mischievous spirits; as an enchanted castle."], "enchanter": ["ENCH`ANTER, n. One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; one who has spirits or demons at his command; one who practices enchantment, or pretends to perform surprising things by the agency of demons.", "1. One who charms or delights.", "Enchanter's nightshade, a genus of plants, the Circaea."], "enchanting": ["ENCH`ANTING, ppr. Affecting with sorcery, charms or spells.", "1. Delighting highly; ravishing with delight; charming.", "2. Charming; delighting; ravishing; as an enchanting voice; an enchanting face.", "Simplicity in manners has an enchanting effect."], "enchantingly": ["ENCH`ANTINGLY, adv. With the power of enchantment; in a manner to delight or charm; as, the lady sings enchantingly."], "enchantment": ["ENCH`ANTMENT, n. The act of producing certain wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or the agency of certain supposed spirits; the use of magic arts, spells or charms; incantation.", "The magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments. Ex.7.", "1. Irresistible influence; overpowering influence of delight.", "The warmth of fancy--which holds the heart of a reader under the strongest enchantment."], "encounter": ["ENCOUNT'ER, n. L. contra, against,or rather rencontre.", "1. A meeting, particularly a sudden or accidental meeting of two or more persons.", "To shun th' encounter of the vulgar crowd.", "2. A meeting in contest; a single combat, on a sudden meeting of parties; sometimes less properly, a duel.", "3. A fight; a conflict; a skirmish; a battle; but more generally, a fight between a small number of men,or an accidental meeting and fighting of detachments, rather than a set battle or general engagement.", "4. Eager and warm conversation, either in love or anger.", "5. A sudden or unexpected address or accosting.", "6. Occasion; casual incident. Unusual.", "ENCOUNT'ER, v.t.", "1. To meet face to face; particularly, to meet suddenly or unexpectedly.", "This sense is now uncommon, but still in use.", "2. To meet in opposition, or in a hostile manner; to rush against in conflict; to engage with in battle; as, two armies encounter each other.", "3. To meet and strive to remove or surmount; as, to encounter obstacles, impediments or difficulties.", "4. To meet and oppose; to resist; to attack and attempt to confute; as, to encounter the arguments of opponents. Acts.17.18.", "5. To meet as an obstacle. Which ever way the infidel turns, he encounters clear evidence of the divine origin of the scriptures.", "6. To oppose; to oppugn.", "7. To meet in mutual kindness. Little used.", "ENCOUNT'ER, v.i. To meet face to face;to meet unexpectedly. Little used.", "1. To rush together in combat; to fight; to conflict. Three armies encountered at Waterloo.", "When applied to one party, it is sometimes followed by with; as, the christian army encountered with the Saracens.", "2. To meet in opposition or debate."], "encountered": ["ENCOUNT'ERED, pp. Met face to face; met in opposition or hostility; opposed."], "encountering": ["ENCOUNT'ERING, ppr. Meeting; meeting in opposition, or in battle; opposing; resisting."], "encourage": ["ENCOUR'AGE, v.t. enkur'rage. To give courage to; to give or increase confidence of success; to inspire with courage, spirit, or strength of mind; to embolden; to animate; to incite; to inspirit.", "But charge Joshua, and encourage him. Deut. 3."], "encouraged": ["ENCOUR'AGED, pp. Emboldened; inspirited; animated; incited."], "encouragement": ["ENCOUR'AGEMENT, n. The act of giving courage, or confidence of success; incitement to action or to practice; incentive. We ought never to neglect the encouragement of youth in generous deeds. The praise of good men serves as an encouragement of virtue and heroism.", "1. That which serves to incite, support, promote or advance, as favor, countenance, rewards, profit. A young man attempted the practice of law, but found little encouragement. The fine arts find little encouragement among a rude people."], "encourager": ["ENCOUR'AGER, n. One who encourages,incites or stimulates to action; one who supplies incitements, either by counsel, reward or means of execution.", "The pope is a master of polite learning and a great encourager of arts."], "encouraging": ["ENCOUR'AGING, ppr. Inspiring with hope and confidence; exciting courage.", "1. Furnishing ground to hope for success; as an encouraging prospect."], "encouragingly": ["ENCOUR'AGINGLY, adv. In a manner to give courage, or hope of success."], "end": ["END, n.", "1. The extreme point of a line, or of anything that has more length than breadth; as the end of a house; the end of a table; the end of a finger; the end of a chain or rope. When bodies or figures have equal dimensions, or equal length and breadth, the extremities are called sides.", "2. The extremity or last part, in general; the close or conclusion, applied to time.", "At the end of two months, she returned. Judges 11.", "3. The conclusion or cessation of an action.", "Of the increase of his government there shall be no end. Is.9.", "4. The close or conclusion; as the end of a chapter.", "5. Ultimate state or condition; final doom.", "Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace. Ps.37.", "6. The point beyond which no progression can be made.", "They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wit's end. Ps.107.", "7. Final determination; conclusion of debate or deliberation.", "My guilt be on my head and there's an end!", "8. Close of life; death; decease.", "Unblamed through life, lamented in thy end.", "9. Cessation; period; close of a particular state of things; as the end of the world.", "10. Limit; termination.", "There is no end of the store. Hahum 2.", "11. Destruction. Amos 8.", "The end of all flesh is come. Gen.6.", "12. Cause of death; a destroyer.", "And award", "Either of you to be the other's end.", "13. Consequence; issue; result; conclusive event; conclusion.", "The end of these things is death. Rom.6.", "14. A fragment or broken piece.", "Old odd ends.", "15. The ultimate point or thing at which one aims or directs his views; the object intended to be reached or accomplished by any action or scheme; purpose intended; scope; aim; drift; as private ends; public ends.", "Two things I shall propound to you, as ends.", "The end of the commandments is charity. l Tim.1.", "A right to the end, implies a right to the means necessary for attaining it.", "16. An end, for on end, upright; erect; as, his hair stands an end.", "17. The ends of the earth, in scripture, are the remotest parts of the earth, or the inhabitants of those parts.", "END, v.t. To finish; to close; to conclude; to terminate; as, to end a controversy; to end a war.", "On the seventh day God ended his work. Gen.2.", "1. To destroy; to put to death.", "King Harry, thy sword hath ended him.", "END, v.i. To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; as, a voyage ends by the return of a ship.", "1. To terminate; to close; to conclude. The discourse ends with impressive words.", "2. To cease; to come to a close. Winter ends in March, and summer in September. A good like ends in peace."], "ending": ["END'ING, ppr. from end. Terminating; closing; concluding.", "END'ING, n. Termination; conclusion.", "1. In grammar, the terminating syllable or letter of a word."], "endamage": ["ENDAM'AGE, v.t. from damage. To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure; to mischief; to prejudice.", "The trial hath endamaged thee no way.", "So thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.", "Ezra.4."], "endamaged": ["ENDAM'AGED, pp. Harmed; injured."], "endamagement": ["ENDAM'AGEMENT, n. Damage; loss; injury."], "endamaging": ["ENDAM'AGING, ppr. Harming; injuring."], "endanger": ["ENDANGER, v.t. from danger. To put in hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss or injury. We dread any thing that endangers our life, our peace or our happiness.", "1. To incur the hazard of. Unusual."], "endangered": ["ENDANGERED, pp. Exposed to loss or injury."], "endangering": ["ENDANGERING, ppr. Putting in hazard; exposing to loss or injury.", "ENDANGERING, n. Injury; damage."], "endless": ["END'LESS, a. See End. Without end; having no end or conclusion; applied to length, and to duration; as an endless line; endless progression; endless duration; endless bliss.", "1. Perpetual; incessant; continual; as endless praise; endless clamor."], "endlessness": ["END'LESSNESS, n. Extension without end or limit.", "1. Perpetuity; endless duration."], "endow": ["ENDOW', v.t. L. dos, doto, or a different Celtic root.", "1. To furnish with a portion of goods or estate, called dower; to settle a dower on, as on a married woman or widow.", "A wife is by law entitled to be endowed of all lands and tenements, of which her husband was seized in fee simple or fee tail during the coverture.", "2. To settle on, as a permanent provision; to furnish with a permanent fund of property; as, to endow a church; to endow a college with a fund to support a professor.", "3. To enrich or furnish with any gift, quality or faculty; to indue. Man is endowed by his maker with reason."], "endowed": ["ENDOW'ED, pp. Furnished with a portion of estate;having dower settled on; supplied with a permanent fund; indued."], "endowing": ["ENDOW'ING, ppr. Settling a dower on; furnishing with a permanent fund; inducing."], "endowment": ["ENDOW'MENT, n. The act of settling dower on a woman, or of settling a fund or permanent provision for the support of a parson or vicar, or of a professor, &c.", "1. That which is bestowed or settled on; property, fund or revenue permanently appropriated to any object; as the endowments of a church, of a hospital, or of a college.", "2. That which is given or bestowed on the person or mind by the creator; gift of nature; any quality or faculty bestowed by the creator. Natural activity of limbs is an endowment of the body; natural vigor of intellect is an endowment of the mind. Chatham and Burke, in Great Britain, and Jan, Ellsworth and Hamilton, in America, possessed uncommon endowments of mind."], "endue": ["ENDU'E, v.t. L. induo. To indue, which see."], "endurable": ["ENDU'RABLE, a. That can be borne or suffered."], "endurance": ["ENDU'RANCE, n. See Endure. Continuance; a state of lasting or duration; lastingness.", "1. A bearing or suffering; a continuing under pain or distress without resistance, or without sinking or yielding to the pressure; sufferance; patience.", "Their fortitude was most admirable in their presence and endurance of all evils, of pain, and of death.", "2. Delay; a waiting for. Not used."], "endure": ["ENDU'RE, v.t. L. durus, duro.", "1. To last; to continue in the same state without perishing; to remain; to abide.", "The Lord shall endure forever. Ps.9.", "He shall hold it his house fast, but it shall not endure. Job.8.", "2. To bear; to brook; to suffer without resistance, or without yielding.", "How can I endure to see the evil that shall come to my people? Esther 8.", "Can thy heart endure, or thy hands be strong? Ezek. 22.", "ENDU'RE, v.t. To bear; to sustain; to support without breaking or yielding to force or pressure. Metals endure a certain degree of heat without melting.", "Both were of shining steel, and wrought so pure.", "As might the strokes of two such arms endure.", "1. To bear with patience; to bear without opposition or sinking under the pressure.", "Therefore, I endure all things for the elect's sake. 2 Tim 2.", "If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons. Heb.12.", "2. To undergo; to sustain.", "I wish to die, yet dare not death endure.", "3. To continue in. Not used."], "endured": ["ENDU'RED, pp. Borne; suffered; sustained."], "endurer": ["ENDU'RER, n. One who bears, suffers or sustains.", "1. He or that which continues long."], "enduring": ["ENDU'RING, ppr. Lasting; continuing without perishing; bearing; sustaining; supporting with patience, or without opposition or yielding.", "1. Lasting long; permanent."], "enemy": ["EN'EMY, n. L. inimicus.", "1. A foe; an adversary. A private enemy is one who hates another and wishes him injury, or attempts to do him injury to gratify his own malice or ill will. A public enemy or foe, is one who belongs to a nation or party, at war with another.", "I way to you, love your enemies. Matt.5.", "Enemies in war; in peace friends.", "2. One who hates or dislikes; as an enemy to truth or falsehood.", "3. In theology, and by way of eminence, the enemy is the Devil; the archfiend.", "4. In military affairs, the opposing army or naval force in war, is called the enemy."], "engage": ["ENGA'GE, v.t.", "1. To make liable for a debt to a creditor; to bind one's self as surety.", "2. To pawn; to stake as a pledge.", "3. To enlist; to bring into a party; as, to engage men for service; to engage friends to aid in a cause.", "4. To embark in an affair; as, be not hasty to engage yourself in party disputes.", "5. To gain; to win and attach; to draw to.", "Good nature engages every one to its possessor.", "To very duty he could minds engage.", "6. To unite and bind by contract or promise. Nations engage themselves to each other by treaty. The young often engage themselves to their sorrow.", "7. To attract and fix; as, to engage the attention.", "8. To occupy; to employ assiduously. We were engaged in conversation. The nation is engaged in war.", "9. To attack in contest; to encounter. The army engaged the enemy at ten o'clock. The captain engaged the ship, at point blank distance.", "ENGA'GE, v.i. To encounter; to begin to fight; to attack in conflict. The armies engaged at Marengo, in a general battle.", "1. To embark in any business; to take a concern in; to undertake. Be cautious not to engage in controversy, without indispensable necessity.", "2. To promise or pledge one's word; to bind one's self; as, a friend has engaged to supply the necessary funds."], "engaged": ["ENGA'GED, pp. or a. Pledged; promised; enlisted; gained and attached; attracted and fixed; embarked; earnestly employed; zealous."], "engagement": ["ENGA'GEMENT, n. The act of pawning, pledging or making liable for debt.", "1. Obligation by agreement or contract. Men are often more ready to make engagements than to fulfil them.", "2. Adherence to a party or cause; partiality.", "3. Occupation; employment of the attention.", "Play, by too long or constant engagement, becomes", "like an employment or profession.", "4. Employment in fighting; the conflict of armies or fleets; battle; a general action; appropriately the conflict of whole armies or fleets, but applied to actions between small squadrons or single ships, rarely to a fight between detachments of land forces.", "5. Obligation; motive; that which engages."], "engager": ["ENGA'GER, n. One that enters into an engagement or agreement."], "engaging": ["ENGA'GING, ppr. Pawning; making liable for debt; enlisting; bringing into a party or cause; promising; binding; winning and attaching; encountering; embarking.", "1. Winning; attractive; tending to draw the attention or the affections; pleasing; as engaging manners or address."], "engagingly": ["ENGA'GINGLY, adv. In a manner to win the affections."], "engine": ["EN'GINE, n. L. ingenium.", "1. In mechanics, a compound machine, or artificial instrument, composed of different parts, and intended to produce some effect by the help of the mechanical powers; as a pump, a windlas, a capstan, a fire engine, a steam engine.", "2. A military machine; as a battering ram, &c.", "3. Any instrument; that by which any effect is produced. An arrow, a sword, a musket is an engine of death.", "4. A machine for throwing water to extinguish fire.", "5. Means; any thing used to effect a purpose.", "6. An agent for another; usually in an ill sense."], "engineer": ["ENGINEE'R, n. In the military art, a person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who forms plans of works for offense or defense, and marks out the ground for fortifications. Engineers are also employed in delineating plans and superintending the construction of other public works, as aqueducts and canals. The latter are called civil engineers.", "1. One who manages engines or artillery."], "engraft": ["ENGR`AFT, v.t. To ingraft, which see."], "engrave": ["ENGRA'VE, v.t. pret. engraved; pp. engraved or engraven.", "Literally, to scratch or scrape. Hence,", "1. To cut, as metals, stones or other hard substances, with a chisel or graver; to cut figures, letters or devices, on stone or metal; to mark by incision.", "Thou shalt engrave the two stones with the", "names of the children of Israel. Ex.28.", "2. To picture or represent by incisions.", "3. To imprint; to impress deeply; to infix.", "Let the laws of God and the principles of morality be engraved on the minds in early years.", "4. To bury; to deposit in the grave; to inter; to inhume. Not now used."], "engravement": ["ENGRA'VEMENT, n. Engraved work; act of engraving."], "engraver": ["ENGRA'VER, n. One who engraves; a cutter of letters, figures or devices, on stone, metal or wood; a sculptor; a carver."], "engraving": ["ENGRA'VING, ppr. Cutting or marking stones or metals, with a chisel or graver; imprinting.", "ENGRA'VING, n. The act or art of cutting stones, metals and other hard substances, and representing thereon figures, letters, characters and devices; a branch of sculpture."], "engraven": ["ENGRA'VEN, pp. Cut or marked,as with a chisel or graver; imprinted; deeply impressed."], "enjoin": ["ENJOIN', v.t. L. injungo. See Join. We observe that the primary sense of join is to set, extend or lay to, to throw to or on; otherwise the sense of order or command could not spring from it.To enjoin is to set or lay to or on.", "1. To order or direct with urgency; to admonish or instruct with authority; to command. Says Johnson, \"this word is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious than command.\" It has the force of pressing admonition with authority; as, a parent enjoins on his children the duty of obedience. But it has also the sense of command; as the duties enjoined by God in the moral law.", "2. In law, to forbid judicially; to issue or direct a legal injunction to stop proceedings.", "This is a suit to enjoin the defendants from disturbing the plaintiffs."], "enjoined": ["ENJOIN'ED, pp. Ordered; directed; admonished with authority; commanded."], "enjoiner": ["ENJOIN'ER, n. One who enjoins."], "enjoining": ["ENJOIN'ING, ppr. Ordering; directing."], "enjoinment": ["ENJOIN'MENT, n. Direction; command; authoritative admonition."], "enjoy": ["ENJOY', v.t.", "1. To feel or perceive with pleasure; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of. We enjoy the dainties of a feast,the conversation of friends, and our own meditations.", "I could enjoy the pangs of death,", "And smile in agony.", "2. To possess with satisfaction; to take pleasure or delight in the possession of.", "Thou shalt beget sons, but thou shalt not enjoy them. Deut.28.", "3. To have, possess and use with satisfaction; to have,hold or occupy, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable. We enjoy a free constitution and inestimable privileges.", "That the children of Israel may enjoy every man the inheritance of his fathers. Num.36.", "The land shall enjoy her sabbaths. Lev.26.", "To enjoy one's self, is to feel pleasure or satisfaction in one's own mind, or to relish the pleasures in which one partakes; to be happy.", "ENJOY', v.i. To live in happiness. Unusual."], "enjoyed": ["ENJOY'ED, pp. Perceived with pleasure or satisfaction; possessed or used with pleasure; occupied with content."], "enjoying": ["ENJOY'ING, ppr. Feeling with pleasure; possessing with satisfaction."], "enlarge": ["ENL`ARGE, v.t. enlarj. from large. To make greater in quantity or dimensions; to extend in limits, breadth or side; to expand in bulk. Every man desires to enlarge his possessions; the prince, his dominions. and the landholder, his farm. The body is enlarged by nutrition, and a good man rejoices to enlarge the sphere of his benevolence.", "God shall enlarge Japhet. Gen.9.", "1. To dilate; to expand; as with joy or love.", "O ye, Corinthians, our mouth is open to you, our", "heart is enlarged.", "2. To expand; to make more comprehensive. Science enlarges the mind.", "3. To increase in appearance; to magnify to the eye; as by a glass.", "4. To set at liberty; to release from confinement or pressure.", "5. To extend in a discourse; to diffuse in eloquence.", "They enlarged themselves on this subject.", "In this application, the word is generally intransitive.", "6. To augment; to increase; to make large or larger, in a general sense; a word of general application.", "To enlarge the heart, may signify to open and expand in good will; to make free, liberal and charitable.", "ENL`ARGE, v.i. enlarj. To grow large or larger; to extend; to dilate; to expand. A plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges by good management; a volume of air enlarges by rarefaction.", "1. To be diffuse in speaking or writing; to expatiate. I might enlarge on this topic.", "2. To exaggerate."], "enlarged": ["ENL`ARGED, pp. Increased in bulk; extended in dimension; expanded; dilated; augmented; released from confinement or straits."], "enlargement": ["ENL`ARGEMENT, n. Increase of size or bulk, real or apparent; extension of dimensions or limits; augmentation; dilatation; expansion. The enlargement of bulk may be by accretion or addition; of dimensions, by spreading, or by additions to length and breadth; of a sum or amount, by addition, collection or accumulation.", "1. Expansion or extension, applied to the mind, to knowledge, or to the intellectual powers, by which the mind comprehends a wider range of ideas or thought.", "2. Expansion of the heart, by which it becomes more benevolent and charitable.", "3. Release from confinement, servitude, distress or straits. Esther 4.", "4. Diffusiveness of speech or writing; an expatiating on a particular subject; a wide range of discourse or argument."], "enlarger": ["ENL`ARGER, n. He or that which enlarges, increases, extends or expands; an amplifier."], "enlarging": ["ENL`ARGING, ppr. Increasing in bulk; extending in dimension; expanding; making free or liberal; speaking diffusively.", "ENL`ARGING, n. Enlargement."], "enlighten": ["ENLI'GHTEN, v.t. enli'tn. from light.", "1. To make light; to shed light on; to supply with light; to illuminate; as, the sun enlightens the earth.", "His lightnings enlightened the world. Ps.97.", "2. To quicken in the faculty of vision; to enable to see more clearly.", "Jonathan's--eyes were enlightened. 1 Sam. 14.", "3. To give light to; to give clearer views; to illuminate; to instruct; to enable to see or comprehend truth; as, to enlighten the mind or understanding.", "4. To illuminate with divine knowledge, or a knowledge of the truth.", "Those who were once enlightened. Heb.6."], "enlightened": ["ENLI'GHTENED, pp. Rendered light; illuminated; instructed; informed; furnished with clear views."], "enlightener": ["ENLI'GHTENER, n. One who illuminates; he or that which communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind."], "enlightening": ["ENLI'GHTENING, ppr. Illuminating; giving light to; instructing."], "enmity": ["EN'MITY, n.", "1. The quality of being an enemy; the opposite of friendship; ill will; hatred; unfriendly dispositions; malevolence. It expresses more than aversion and less than malice,and differs from displeasure in denoting a fixed or rooted hatred, whereas displeasure is more transient.", "I will put enmity between thee and the woman. Gen.3.", "The carnal mind is enmity against God.Rom. 8.", "2. A state of opposition.", "The friendship of the world is enmity with God. James 4."], "enough": ["ENOUGH', a. enuf'. Heb. to rest, to be quiet or satisfied.", "That satisfies desire, or gives content; that may answer the purpose; that is adequate to the wants.", "She said, we have straw and provender enough. Gen.24.", "How many hired servants of my father have bread enough, and to spare. Luke 15.", "Note. This word, in vulgar language, is sometimes placed before its noun, like most other adjectives. But in elegant discourse or composition, it always follows the noun, to which it refers; as, bread enough; money enough.", "ENOUGH', n. enuf'. A sufficiency; a quantity of a thing which satisfies desire, or is adequate to the wants. We have enough of this sort of cloth.", "And Esau said, I have enough, my brother. Gen.33.", "Israel said, it is enough; Joseph is yet alive. Gen.45.", "1. That which is equal to the powers or abilities. He had enough to do to take care of himself.", "ENOUGH', adv. enuf'. Sufficiently; in a quantity or degree that satisfies, or is equal to the desires or wants.", "The land, behold, it is large enough for them. Gen.34.", "Ye have dwelt long enough in this mount. Deut.1.", "1. Fully; quite; denoting a slight augmentation of the positive degree. He is ready enough to embrace the offer. It is pleasure enough to consider the different notions of different men respecting the same thing.", "2. Sometimes it denotes diminution, delicately expressing rather less than is desired; such a quantity or degree as commands acquiescence, rather than full satisfaction. The song or the performance is well enough.", "3. An exclamation denoting sufficiency. Enough, enough, I'll hear no more."], "enrich": ["ENRICH', v.t.", "1. To make rich, wealthy or opulent; to supply with abundant property. Agriculture, commerce and manufactures enrich a nation. War and plunder seldom enrich, more generally they impoverish a country.", "2. To fertilize; to supply with the nutriment of plants and render productive; as, to enrich land by manures or irrigation.", "3. To store; to supply with an abundance of any thing desirable; as, to enrich the mind with knowledge, science or useful observations.", "4. To supply with any thing splendid or ornamental; as, to enrich a pointing with elegant drapery; to enrich a poem or oration with striking metaphors or images; to enrich a garden with flowers or shrubbery."], "enriched": ["ENRICH'ED, pp. Made rich or wealthy; fertilized; supplied with that which is desirable, useful or ornamental."], "enricher": ["ENRICH'ER, n. One that enriches."], "enriching": ["ENRICH'ING, ppr. Making opulent; fertilizing; supplying with what is splendid, useful or ornamental."], "enrichment": ["ENRICH'MENT, n. Augmentation of wealth; amplification; improvement; the addition of fertility or ornament."], "ensample": ["ENSAM'PLE, n. L. exemplum. An example; a pattern or model for imitation.", "Being ensamples to the flock. 1 Pet.5.", "ENSAM'PLE, v.t. To exemplify; to shew by example. This word is seldom used, either as a noun or a verb. See Example."], "ensign": ["EN'SIGN, n. en'sine. L. insigne, insignia, from signum, a mark impressed, a sign.", "1. The flag or banner of a military band; a banner of colors; a standard; a figured cloth or piece of silk, attached to a staff, and usually with figures, colors or arms thereon, borne by an officer at the head of a company, troop or other band.", "2. Any signal to assemble or to give notice.", "He will lift up an ensign to the nations. Is.5.", "Ye shall be left as an ensign on a hill. Is.30.", "3. A badge; a mark of distinction, rank or office; as ensigns of power or virtue.", "4. The officer who carries the flag or colors, being the lowest commissioned officer in a company of infantry.", "5. Naval ensign, is a large banner hoisted on a staff and carried over the poop or stern of a ship; used to distinguish ships of different nations, or to characterize different equadrons of the same navy."], "ensnare": ["ENSNARE, See Insnare."], "ensue": ["ENSU'E, v.t. L. sequor, to follow. See Seek.", "To follow; to pursue.", "Seek peace,and ensue it. l Pet.3.", "In this sense, it is obsolete.", "ENSU'E, v.i. To follow as a consequence of premises; as, from these facts or this evidence, the argument will ensue.", "1. To follow in a train of events or course of time; to succeed; to come after. He spoke and silence ensued. We say, the ensuing age or years;the ensuing events."], "ensuing": ["ENSU'ING, ppr. Following as a consequence; succeeding."], "entangle": ["ENTAN'GLE, v.t. from tangle. To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated; to make confused or disordered; as, thread, yarn or ropes may be entangled; to entangle the hair.", "1. To involve in any thing complicated, and from which it is difficult to extricate one's self; as, to entangle the feet in a net, or in briers.", "2. To lose in numerous or complicated involutions, as in a labyrinth.", "3. To involve in difficulties; to perplex; to embarrass; as, to entangle a nation in alliances.", "4. To puzzle; to bewilder; as, to entangle the understanding.", "5. To insnare by captious questions; to catch; to perplex; to involve in contradictions.", "The Pharisees took counsel how they might entangle him in his talk. Matt. 22.", "6. To perplex or distract, as with cares.", "No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life. 2 Tim.2.", "7. To multiply intricacies and difficulties."], "entangled": ["ENTAN'GLED, pp. or a. Twisted together; interwoven in a confused manner; intricate; perplexed; involved; embarrassed; insnared."], "entanglement": ["ENTAN'GLEMENT, n. Involution; a confused or disordered state; intricacy; perplexity."], "entangler": ["ENTAN'GLER, n. One who entangles."], "entangling": ["ENTAN'GLING, ppr. Involving; interweaving or interlocking in confusion; perplexing; insnaring."], "enter": ["EN'TER, v.t. L. inter, intra, whence intro, to enter. The L. inter seems to be in, with the termination ter, as in subter, from sub.", "1. To move or pass into place, in any manner whatever; to come or go in; to walk or ride in; to flow in; to pierce or penetrate. A man enters a house; an army enters a city or a camp; a river enters the sea; a sword enters the body; the air enters a room at every crevice.", "2. To advance into, in the progress of life; as, a youth has entered his tenth year.", "3. To begin in a business, employment or service; to enlist or engage in; as, the soldier entered the service at eighteen years of age.", "4. To become a member of; as, to enter college; to enter a society.", "5. To admit or introduce; as, the youth was entered a member of College.", "6. To set down in writing; to set an account in a book or register; as, the clerk entered the account or charge in the journal; he entered debt and credit at the time.", "7. To set down, as a name; to enroll; as, to enter a name in the enlistment.", "8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and gain admittance or permission to land; as, to enter goods. We say also, to enter a ship at the custom-house.", "EN'TER, v.i. To go or come in; to pass into; as, to enter a country.", "1. To flow in; as, water enters into a ship.", "2. To pierce; to penetrate; as, a ball or an arrow enters into the body.", "3. To penetrate mentally; as, to enter into the principles of action.", "4. To engage in; as, to enter into business or service; to enter into visionary projects.", "5. To be initiated in; as, to enter into a taste of pleasure or magnificence.", "6. To be an ingredient; to form a constituent part. Lead enters into the composition of pewter."], "entered": ["EN'TERED, pp. Moved in; come in; pierced; penetrated; admitted; introduced; set down in writing."], "entering": ["EN'TERING, ppr. Coming or going in; flowing in; piercing; penetrating; setting down in writing; enlisting; engaging.", "EN'TERING, n. Entrance; a passing in. l. Thes. 1."], "enterprise": ["EN'TERPRISE, n. s as z. That which is undertaken, or attempted to be performed; an attempt; a project attempted; particularly, a bold, arduous or hazardous undertaking, either physical or moral. The attack on Stoney-Point was a bold, but successful enterprise. The attempts to evangelize the heathen are noble enterprises.", "Their hands cannot perform their enterprise. Job.5.", "EN'TERPRISE, v.t. To undertake; to begin and attempt to perform.", "The business must be enterprised this night."], "enterprised": ["EN'TERPRISED, pp. Undertaken; attempted; essayed."], "enterpriser": ["EN'TERPRISER, n. An adventurer; one who undertakes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazardous one; a person who engages in important or dangerous designs."], "enterprising": ["EN'TERPRISING, ppr. Undertaking, especially a bold design.", "1. Bold or forward to undertake; resolute, active, or prompt to attempt great or untried schemes. Enterprising men often succeed beyond all human probability."], "entertain": ["ENTERTA'IN, v.t. L. tenco.", "1. To receive into the house and treat with hospitality, either at the table only, or with lodging also.", "Be not forgetful to entertain strangers; for thereby some have entertained angels unawares. Heb.13.", "2. To treat with conversation; to amuse or instruct by discourse; properly, to engage the attention and retain the company of one, by agreeable conversation, discourse or argument. The advocate entertained his audience an hour, with sound argument and brilliant displays of eloquence.", "3. To keep in one's service; to maintain. He entertained ten domestics.", "You, sir, I entertain for one of my hundred.", "This original and French sense is obsolete or little used.", "4. To keep, hold or maintain in the mind with favor; to reserve in the mind; to harbor; to cherish. Let us entertain the most exalted views of the Divine character. It is our duty to entertain charitable sentiments towards our fellow men.", "5. To maintain; to support; as, to entertain a hospital.", "6. To please; to amuse; to divert. David entertained himself with the meditation of God's law. Idle men entertain themselves with trifles.", "7. To treat; to supply with provisions and liquors, or with provisions and lodging, for reward. The innkeeper entertains a great deal of company.", "ENTERTA'IN, n. Entertainment. Not in use."], "entertained": ["ENTERTA'INED, pp. Received with hospitality, as a guest; amused; pleased and engaged; kept in the mind; retained."], "entertainer": ["ENTERTA'INER, n. He who entertains; he who received company with hospitality, or for reward.", "1. He who retains others in his service.", "2. He that amuses, pleases or diverts."], "entertaining": ["ENTERTA'INING, ppr. Receiving with hospitality; receiving and treating with provisions and accommodations, for reward; keeping or cherishing with favor; engaging the attention; amusing.", "1. Pleasing; amusing; diverting; as an entertaining discourse; an entertaining friend."], "entertainingly": ["ENTERTA'ININGLY, adv. In an amusing manner."], "entertainment": ["ENTERTA'INMENT, n. The receiving and accommodating of guests, either with or without reward. The hospitable man delights in the entertainment of his friends.", "1. Provisions of the table; hence also, a feast; a superb dinner or supper.", "2. The amusement, pleasure or instruction, derived from conversation, discourse, argument, oratory, music, dramatic performances, &c.; the pleasure which the mind receives from any thing interesting, and which holds or arrests the attention. We often have rich entertainment, in the conversation of a learned friend.", "3. Reception; admission.", "4. The state of being in pay or service. Not used.", "5. Payment of those retained in service.", "6. That which entertains; that which serves for amusement; the lower comedy; farce."], "entice": ["ENTI'CE, v.t. L. titio, a firebrand.", "1. To incite or instigate, by exciting hope or desire; usually in a bad sense; as, to entice one to evil. Hence, to seduce; to lead astray; to induce to sin, by promises or persuasions.", "My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. Prov.1.", "2. To tempt; to incite; to urge or lead astray.", "Every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust, and enticed. James 1.", "3. To incite; to allure; in a good sense."], "enticed": ["ENTI'CED, pp. Incited; instigated to evil; seduced by promises or persuasions; persuaded; allured."], "enticement": ["ENTI'CEMENT, n. The act or practice of inciting to evil; instigation; as the enticements of evil companions.", "1. Means of inciting to evil; that which seduces by exciting the passions. Flattery often operates as an enticement to sin.", "2. Allurement."], "enticer": ["ENTI'CER, n. One who entices; one who incites or instigates to evil; one who seduces."], "enticing": ["ENTI'CING, ppr. Inciting to evil; urging to sin by motives, flattery or persuasion; alluring.", "1. Having the qualities that entice or allure."], "enticingly": ["ENTI'CINGLY, adv. Charmingly; in a winning manner.", "She sings most enticingly."], "entire": ["ENTI'RE, a. L. integer, said to be in neg. and tango, to touch.", "1. Whole; undivided; unbroken; complete in its parts.", "2. Whole; complete; not participated with others. This man has the entire control of the business.", "3. Full; complete; comprising all requisites in itself.", "An action is entire, when it is complete in all its parts.", "4. Sincere; hearty.", "He run a course more entire with the king of Arragon.", "5. Firm; solid; sure; fixed; complete; undisputed.", "Entire and sure the monarch's rule must prove,", "Who founds her greatness on her subjects' love.", "6. Unmingled; unalloyed.", "In thy presence joy entire.", "7. Wholly devoted; firmly adherent; faithful.", "No man had a heart more entire to the king.", "8. In full strength; unbroken.", "9. In botany, an entire stem is one without branches; an entire leaf is without any opening in the edge, not divided."], "entirely": ["ENTI'RELY, adv. Wholly; completely; fully; as, the money is entirely lost.", "1. In the whole; without division.", "Euphrates--falls not entirely into the Persian sea.", "2. With firm adherence or devotion; faithfully."], "entireness": ["ENTI'RENESS, n. Completeness; fullness; totality; unbroken form or state; as the entireness of an arch or a bridge.", "1. Integrity; wholeness of heart; honesty."], "entrance": ["EN'TRANCE, n. L. intrans, intro.", "1. The act of entering into a place; as the entrance of a person into a house or an apartment.", "2. The power of entering. Let the porter give no entrance to strangers.", "Where diligence opens the door of the understanding, and impartiality keeps it, truth is sure to find an entrance and a welcome too.", "3. The door, gate, passage or avenue, by which a place may be entered.", "They said, show us the entrance into the city. Judges 1.", "4. Commencement; initiation; beginning. A youth at his entrance on a difficult science, is apt to be discouraged.", "5. The act of taking possession, as of land; as the entrance of an heir or a disseizor into lands and tenements.", "6. The act of taking possession, as of an office. Magistrates at their entrance into office, usually take an oath.", "7. The act of entering a ship or goods at the custom-house.", "8. The beginning of any thing.", "St. Augustine, in the entrance of one of his discourses, makes a kind of apology."], "entreat": ["ENTRE'AT, v.i. To make an earnest petition or request.", "The Janizaries entreated for them, as valiant men.", "1. To offer a treaty. Not used.", "2. To treat; to discourse. Not used."], "entreatance": ["ENTRE'ATANCE, n. Entreaty; solicitation."], "entreated": ["ENTRE'ATED, pp. Earnestly supplicated, besought or solicited; importuned; urgently requested.", "1. Prevailed on by urgent solicitation; consenting to grant what is desired.", "2. Used; managed."], "entreater": ["ENTRE'ATER, n. One that entreats, or asks earnestly."], "entreating": ["ENTRE'ATING, ppr. Earnestly asking; pressing with request or prayer; importuning.", "1. Treating; using."], "entry": ["EN'TRY, n. The passage by which persons enter a house or other building.", "1. The act of entering; entrance; ingress; as the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea or a lake; the entry of air into the blood; the entry of a spear into the flesh.", "2. The act of entering and taking possession of lands or other estate.", "3. The act of committing to writing, or of recording in a book. Make an entry of every sale, of every debt and credit.", "4. The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the custom house, to procure license to land goods; or the giving an account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the customs, and obtaining his permission to land the goods."], "envied": ["EN'VIED, pp. See Envy, the verb. Subjected to envy."], "envy": ["EN'VY, v.t. L. invideo, in and video, to see against, that is, to look with enmity.", "1. To feel uneasiness, mortification or discontent, at the sight of superior excellence, reputation or happiness enjoyed by another; to repine at another's prosperity; to fret or grieve one's self at the real or supposed superiority of another, and to hate him on that account.", "Envy not thou the oppressor. Prov.3.", "Whoever envies another, confesses his superiority.", "2. To grudge; to withhold maliciously.", "To envy at, used by authors formerly, is now obsolete.", "Who would envy at the prosperity of the wicked?", "EN'VY, n. Pain, uneasiness, mortification or discontent excited by the sight of another's superiority or success, accompanied with some degree of hatred or malignity, and often or usually with a desire or an effort to depreciate the person, and with pleasure in seeing him depressed. Envy springs from pride, ambition or love, mortified that another has obtained what one has a strong desire to possess.", "Envy and admiration are the Scylla and Charybdis of authors.", "All human virtue, to its latest breath,", "Finds envy never conquered, but by death.", "Emulation differs from envy, in not being accompanied with hatred and a desire to depress a more fortunate person.", "Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,", "Is emulation in the learn'd or brave.", "It is followed by of or to. They did this in envy of Caesar, or in envy to his genius. The former seems to be preferable.", "1. Rivalry; competition. Little used.", "2. Malice; malignity.", "You turn the good we offer into envy.", "3. Public odium; ill repute; invidiousness.", "To discharge the king of the envy of that opinion."], "envying": ["EN'VYING, ppr. Feeling uneasiness at the superior condition and happiness of another.", "EN'VYING, n. Mortification experienced at the supposed prosperity and happiness of another.", "1. Ill will at others, on account of some supposed superiority. Gal.5.21."], "envious": ["EN'VIOUS, a. Feeling or harboring envy; repining or feeling uneasiness, at a view of the excellence, prosperity or happiness of another; pained by the desire of possessing some superior good which another possesses, and usually disposed to deprive him of that good, to lessen it or to depreciate it in common estimation. Sometimes followed by against, but generally and properly by at, before the person envied.", "Neither be thou envious at the wicked. Prov.14.", "Be not envious of the blessings or prosperity of others.", "1. Tinctured with envy; as an envious disposition.", "2. Excited or directed by envy; as an envious attack."], "enviously": ["EN'VIOUSLY, adv. With envy; with malignity excited by the excellence or prosperity of another.", "How enviously the ladies look.", "When they surprise me at my book."], "environ": ["ENVI'RON, v.t. Eng. to veer.", "1. To surround; to encompass; to encircle; as a plain environed with mountains.", "2. To involve; to envelop; as, to environ with darkness, or with difficulties.", "3. To besiege; as a city environed with troops.", "4. To inclose; to invest.", "That soldier, that man of iron,", "Whom ribs of horror all environ."], "environed": ["ENVI'RONED, pp. Surrounded; encompassed; besieged; involved; invested."], "environing": ["ENVI'RONING, ppr. Surrounding; encircling; besieging; inclosing; involving; investing. The appropriation of different parts of the globe to some particular specles of stone environing it."], "environs": ["ENVI'RONS, n. plu. The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its neighborhood, on different sides; as the environs of a city or town."], "ephesian": ["EPHE'SIAN, a. s as z. Pertaining to Ephesus, in Asia Minor. As a noun, a native of Ephesus."], "ephod": ["EPH'OD, n. Heb. to bind. In Jewish antiquity, a part of the sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle, which was brought from behind the neck over the two shoulders, and hanging down before, was put across the stomach, then carried round the waist and used as a girdle to the tunic. There were two sorts; one of plain linen, the other embroidered for the high priest. On the part in front were two precious stones, on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. Before the breast was a square piece or breastplate."], "epicureanism": ["EPICU'REANISM, n. Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus."], "epistle": ["EPIS'TLE, n. epis'l. L. epistola; Gr. to send to; to send.", "A writing, directed or sent, communicating intelligence to a distant person; a letter; a letter missive. It is rarely used in familiar conversation or writings, but chiefly in solemn or formal transactions. It is used particularly in speaking of the letters of the Apostles, as the epistles of Paul; and of other letters written by the ancients, as the epistles of Pliny or of Cicero."], "epistler": ["EPIS'TLER, n. A writer of epistles. Little used.", "1. Formerly, one who attended the communion table and read the epistles."], "equal": ["E'QUAL, a. L. oegualis, from oequus, equal, even, oeguo, to equal, perhaps Gr. similar.", "1. Having the same magnitude or dimensions; being of the same bulk or extent; as an equal quantity of land; a house of equal size; two persons of equal bulk; an equal line or angle.", "2. Having the same value; as two commodities of equal price or worth.", "3. Having the same qualities or condition; as two men of equal rank or excellence; two bodies of equal hardness or softness.", "4. Having the same degree; as two motions of equal velocity.", "5. Even; uniform; not variable; as an equal temper or mind.", "Ye say, the way of the Lord is not equal. Ezek. 16.", "6. Being in just proportion; as, my commendation is not equal to his merit.", "7. Impartial; neutral; not biased.", "Equal and unconcerned, I look on all.", "8. Indifferent; of the same interest or concern. He may receive them or not, it is equal to me.", "9. Just; equitable; giving the same or similar rights or advantages. The terms and conditions of the contract are equal.", "10. Being on the same terms; enjoying the same or similar benefits.", "They made the married, orphans, widows, yea and the aged also, equal in spoils with themselves.", "11. Adequate; having competent power, ability or means. The ship is not equal to her antagonist. The army was not equal to the contest. We are not equal to the undertaking.", "E'QUAL, n. One not inferior or superior to another; having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, &c.", "Those who were once his equals, envy and defame him.", "It was thou, a man my equal, my guide. Ps.55. Gal.1", "E'QUAL, v.t. To make equal; to make one thing of the same quantity, dimensions or quality as another.", "1. To rise to the same state, rank or estimation with another; to become equal to. Few officers can expect to equal Washington in fame.", "2. To be equal to.", "One whose all not equals Edward's moiety.", "3. To make equivalent to; to recompense fully; to answer in full proportion.", "He answer'd all her cares, and equal'd all her love.", "4. To be of like excellence or beauty.", "The gold and the crystal cannot equal it. Job.28."], "equality": ["EQUAL'ITY, n. L. oequalitas. An agreement of things in dimensions, quantity or quality; likeness; similarity in regard to two things compared. We speak of the equality of two or more tracts of land, of two bodies in length, breadth or thickness, of virtues or vices.", "1. The same degree of dignity or claims; as the equality of men in the scale of being; the equality of nobles of the same rank; an equality of rights.", "2. Evenness; uniformity; sameness in state or continued course; as an equality of temper or constitution.", "3. Evenness; plainness; uniformity; as an equality of surface."], "equalization": ["EQUALIZA'TION, n. The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized."], "equalize": ["E'QUALIZE, v.t. To make equal; as, to equalize accounts; to equalize burdens or taxes."], "equalized": ["E'QUALIZED, pp. Made equal; reduced to equality."], "equalizing": ["E'QUALIZING, ppr. Making equal."], "equally": ["E'QUALLY, adv. In the same degree with another; alike; as, to be equally taxed; to be equally virtuous or vicious; to be equally impatient, hungry, thirsty, swift or slow; to be equally furnished.", "1. In equal shares or proportions. The estate is to be equally divided among the heirs.", "2. Impartially; with equal justice."], "equalness": ["E'QUALNESS, n. Equality; a state of being equal.", "1. Evenness; uniformity; as the equalness of a surface."], "equity": ["EQ'UITY, n. L. oequitas, from oequus, equal, even, level.", "1. Justice; right. In practice, equity is the impartial distribution of justice, or the doing that to another which the laws of God and man, and of reason, give him a right to claim. It is the treating of a person according to justice and reason.", "The Lord shall judge the people with equity. Ps.98.", "With righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity. Is.11.", "2. Justice; impartiality; a just regard to right or claim; as, we must, in equity, allow this claim.", "3. In law, an equitable claim. \"I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.\"", "4. In jurisprudence, the correction or qualification of law, when too severe or defective; or the extension of the words of the law to cases not expressed, yet coming within the reason of the law. Hence a court of equity or chancery, is a court which corrects the operation of the literal text of the law, and supplies its defects, by reasonable construction, and by rules of proceeding and deciding, which are not admissible in a court of law. Equity then is the law of reason, exercised by the chancellor or judge, giving remedy in cases to which the courts of law are not competent.", "5. Equity of redemption, in law, the advantage, allowed to a mortgager, of a reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, when the estate is of greater value than the sum for which it was mortgaged."], "er": ["ER, the termination of many English words, is the Teutonic form of the Latin or; the one contracted from wer, the other from vir, a man. It denotes an agent, originally of the masculine gender, but now applied to men or things indifferently; as in farmer, heater, grater. At the end names of places, er signifies a man of the place; Londoner is the same as London-man.", "There is a passage in Herodotus, Melpomene, 110, in which the word wer, vir, a man, is mentioned as used by the Scythians; a fact proving the affinity of the Scythian and the Teutonic nations.", "\"The Scythians call the Amazons Oiorpata, a word which may be rendered, in Greek, menkillers; for oior is the name they give to man, pata signifies to kill.\" Pata, in the Burman language, signifies to kill; but it is probable that this is really the English beat."], "ere": ["ERE, adv. Before; sooner than.", "Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore.", "The nobleman saith to him, Sir, come down ere my child die. John 4.", "In these passages, ere is really a preposition, followed by a sentence, instead of a single word, as below.", "ERE, prep. Before.", "Our fruitful Nile", "Flow'd ere the wonted season."], "erring": ["ER'RING, ppr. Wandering from the truth or the right way; mistaking; irregular."], "erect": ["ERECT', a. L. erectus, from erigo, to set upright; e and rego, to stretch or make straight, right, rectus. See Right.", "1. Upright, or in a perpendicular posture; as, he stood erect.", "2. Directed upward.", "And suppliant hands, to heaven erect.", "3. Upright and firm; bold; unshaken.", "Let no vain fear thy generous ardor tame;", "But stand erect.", "4. Raised; stretched; intent; vigorous; as a vigilant and erect attention of mind in prayer.", "5. Stretched; extended.", "6. In botany, an erect stem is one which is without support from twining, or nearly perpendicular; an erect leaf is one which grows close to the stem; an erect flower has its aperture directed upwards.", "ERECT', v.t. To raise and set in an upright or perpendicular direction, or nearly such; as, to erect a pole or flag-staff.", "To erect a perpendicular, is to set or form one line on another at right angles.", "1. To raise, as a building; to set up; to build; as, to erect a house or temple; to erect a fort.", "2. To set up or establish anew; to found; to form; as, to erect a kingdom or commonwealth; to erect a new system or theory.", "3. To elevate; to exalt.", "I am far from pretending to infallibility; that would be to erect myself into an apostle.", "4. To raise; to excite; to animate; to encourage.", "Why should not hope", "As much erect our thoughts, as fear deject them?", "5. To raise a consequence from premises. Little used.", "Malebranche erects this proposition.", "6. To extend; to distend.", "ERECT', v.i. To rise upright."], "erectable": ["ERECT'ABLE, a. That can be erected; as an erectable feather."], "erected": ["ERECT'ED, pp. Set in a straight and perpendicular direction; set upright; raised; built; established; elevated; animated; extended and distended."], "erecter": ["ERECT'ER, n. One that erects; one that raises or builds."], "erecting": ["ERECT'ING, ppr. Raising and setting upright; building; founding; establishing; elevating; inciting; extending and distending."], "erection": ["EREC'TION, n. The act of raising and setting perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; a setting upright.", "1. The act of raising or building, as an edifice or fortification; as the erection of a wall, or of a house.", "2. The state of being raised, built or elevated.", "3. Establishment; settlement; formation; as the erection of a commonwealth, or of a new system; the erection of a bishop-rick or an earldom.", "4. Elevation; exaltation of sentiments.", "Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws up.", "5. Act of rousing; excitement; as the erection of the spirits.", "6. Any thing erected; a building of any kind.", "7. Distension and extension."], "erective": ["ERECT'IVE, a. Setting upright; raising."], "erectness": ["ERECT'NESS, n. Uprightness of posture or form."], "err": ["ERR, v.i. L. erro.", "1. To wander from the right way; to deviate from the true course or purpose.", "But errs not nature from this gracious end,", "From burning suns when livid deaths descend?", "2. To miss the right way, in morals or religion; to deviate from the path or line of duty; to stray by design or mistake.", "We have erred and strayed like lost sheep.", "3. To mistake; to commit error; to do wrong from ignorance or inattention. Men err in judgment from ignorance, from want of attention to facts, or from previous bias of mind.", "4. To wander; to ramble.", "A storm of strokes, well meant, with fury flies,", "And errs about their temples,ears, and eyes."], "errand": ["ER'RAND, n.", "1. A verbal message; a mandate or order; something to be told or done; a communication to be made to some person at a distance. The servant was sent on an errand; he told his errand; he has done the errand. These are the most common modes of using this word.", "I have a secret errand to thee, O King. Judges 3.", "2. Any special business to be transacted by a messenger."], "error": ["ER'ROR, n. L. error, from erro, to wander. A wandering or deviation from the truth; a mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or believe what is not true. Error may be voluntary, or involuntary. Voluntary, when men neglect or pervert the proper means to inform the mind; involuntary, when the means of judging correctly are not in their power. An error committed through carelessness or haste is a blunder.", "Charge home upon error its most tremendous consequences.", "1. A mistake made in writing or other performance. It is no easy task to correct the errors of the press. Authors sometimes charge their own errors to the printer.", "2. A wandering; excursion; irregular course.", "Driv'n by the winds and errors of the sea.", "This sense is unusual and hardly legitimate.", "3. Deviation from law, justice or right; oversight; mistake in conduct.", "Say not, it was an error. Eccles.5.", "4. In scripture and theology, sin; iniquity; transgression.", "Who can understand his errors? Cleanse thou me from secret faults. Ps.19."], "escape": ["ESCA'PE, v.t. L. capio, with a negative prefix, or from a word of the same family.", "1. To flee from and avoid; to get out of the way; to shun; to obtain security from; to pass without harm; as, to escape danger.", "A small number, that escape the sword, shall return. Jer.44.", "Having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust. 2 Pet.1.", "2. To pass unobserved; to evade; as, the fact escaped my notice or observation.", "3. To avoid the danger of; as, to escape the sea. Act.28.", "Note. This verb is properly intransitive, and in strictness should be followed by from; but usage sanctions the omission of it.", "ESCA'PE, v.i. To flee, shun and be secure from danger; to avoid an evil.", "Escape for thy life to the mountains. Gen.19.", "1. To be passed without harm. The balls whistled by me, my comrades fell, but I escaped.", "ESCA'PE, n. Flight to shun danger or injury; the act of fleeing from danger.", "I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps.55.", "1. A being passed without receiving injury, as when danger comes near a person, but passes by, and the person is passive. Every soldier who survives a battle has had such an escape.", "2. Excuse; subterfuge; evasion.", "3. In law, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the sheriff, without due course of law. Escapes are voluntary or involuntary; voluntary, when an officer permits an offender or debtor to quit his custody, without warrant; and involuntary, or negligent, when an arrested person quits the custody of the officer against his will, and is not pursued forthwith and retaken before the pursuer hath lost sight of him.", "4. Sally; flight; irregularity. Little used.", "5. Oversight; mistake. Little used, or improper."], "escapement": ["ESCA'PEMENT, n. That part of a clock or watch, which regulates its movements, and prevents their acceleration."], "escaping": ["ESCA'PING, ppr. Fleeing from and avoiding danger or evil; being passed unobserved or unhurt; shunning; evading; securing safety; quitting the custody of the law, without warrant.", "ESCA'PING, n. Avoidance of danger. Ezra 9."], "eschew": ["ESCHEW', v.t. To flee from; to shun; to avoid.", "He who obeys, destruction shall eschew.", "Job--feared God and eschewed evil. Job.1."], "eschewed": ["ESCHEW'ED, pp. Shunned; avoided."], "eschewing": ["ESCHEW'ING, ppr. Shunning; avoiding. This word is nearly obsolete, or at least little used."], "especial": ["ESPE'CIAL, a. L. specialis, from specio, to see, species, kind.", "Principal; chief; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree."], "especially": ["ESPE'CIALLY, adv. Principally; chiefly; particularly; in an uncommon degree; in reference to one person or thing in particular."], "especialness": ["ESPE'CIALNESS, n. The state of being especial."], "espousal": ["ESPOUS'AL, a. espouz'al. See Espouse. Used in or relating to the act of espousing or betrothing.", "ESPOUS'AL, n. The act of espousing or betrothing.", "1. Adoption; protection."], "espousals": ["ESPOUS'ALS, n. plu. The act of contracting or affiancing a man and woman to each other; a contract or mutual promise of marriage.", "I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love of thine espousals."], "espouse": ["ESPOUSE, v.t. espouz'. L. spondeo, sponsus, the letter n, in the latter, must be casual, or the modern languages have lost the letter. The former is most probable; in which case, spondeo was primarily spodeo, sposus.", "1. To betroth.", "When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph. Matt.1.", "2. To betroth; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in writing, or by some pledge; as, the king espoused his daughter to a foreign prince. Usually and properly followed by to, rather than with.", "3. To marry; to wed.", "4. To unite intimately or indissolubly.", "I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ. 2 Cor.11.", "5. To embrace; to take to one's self, with a view to maintain; as, to espouse the quarrel of another; to espouse a cause."], "espoused": ["ESPOUS'ED, pp. Betrothed; affianced; promised in marriage by contract; married; united intimately; embraced."], "espouser": ["ESPOUS'ER,n. One who espouses; one who defends the cause of another."], "espousing": ["ESPOUS'ING, ppr. Betrothing; promising in marriage by covenant; marrying; uniting indissolubly; taking part in."], "espy": ["ESPY',v.t. L. specio.", "1. To see at a distance; to have the first sight of a thing remove. Seamen espy land as they approach it.", "2. To see or discover something intended to be hid, or in a degree concealed and not very visible; as, to espy a man in a crowd, or a thief in a wood.", "3. To discover unexpectedly.", "As one of them opened his sack, he espied his money. Gen.42.", "4. To inspect narrowly; to examine and make discoveries.", "Moses sent me to espy out the land, and I brought him word again. Josh. 14.", "ESPY', v.i. To look narrowly; to look about; to watch.", "Stand by the way and espy. Jer.48.", "This word is often pronounced spy, which see.", "ESPY', n. A spy; a scout."], "establish": ["ESTAB'LISH, v.t. L. stabilio; Heb. to set, fix, establish.", "1. To set and fix firmly or unalterably; to settle permanently.", "I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant. Gen.17.", "2. To found permanently; to erect and fix or settle; as, to establish a colony or an empire.", "3. To enact or decree by authority and for permanence; to ordain; to appoint; as, to establish laws, regulations, institutions, rules, ordinances, &c.", "4. To settle or fix; to confirm; as, to establish a person, society or corporation, in possessions or privileges.", "5. To make firm; to confirm; to ratify what has been previously set or made.", "Do we then make void the law through faith?", "God forbid; yea, we establish the law. Rom.3.", "6. To settle or fix what is wavering, doubtful or weak; to confirm.", "So were the churches established in the faith. Acts.16.", "To the end he may establish your hearts unblamable in", "holiness. l Thess.3.", "7. To confirm; to fulfill; to make good.", "Establish thy word to thy servant. Ps.119. 8. To set up in the place of another and confirm.", "Who go about to establish their own righteousness. Rom.10."], "established": ["ESTAB'LISHED, pp. Set; fixed firmly; founded; ordained; enacted; ratified; confirmed."], "establisher": ["ESTAB'LISHER, n. He who establishes, ordains or confirms."], "establishing": ["ESTAB'LISHING, ppr. Fixing; settling permanently; founding; ratifying; confirming; ordaining."], "establishment": ["ESTAB'LISHMENT, n. The act of establishing, founding, ratifying or ordaining.", "1. Settlement;; fixed state.", "2. Confirmation; ratification of what has been settled or made.", "3. Settled regulation; form; ordinance; system of laws; constitution of government.", "Bring in that establishment by which all men should be contained in duty.", "4. Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence; income; salary.", "His excellency--might gradually lessen your establishment.", "5. That which is fixed or established; as a permanent military force, a fixed garrison, a local government, an agency, a factory, &c. The king has establishments to support, in the four quarters of the globe.", "6. The episcopal form of religion, so called in England.", "7. Settlement or final rest.", "We set up our hopes and establishment here."], "estate": ["ESTA'TE,n. L. status, from sto, to stand. The roots stb, std and stg, have nearly the same signification, to set, to fix. It is probable that the L. sto is contracted from stad, as it forms steti.", "1. In a general sense, fixedness; a fixed condition; now generally written and pronounced state.", "She cast us headlong from our high estate.", "2. Condition or circumstances of any person or thing, whether high or low. Luke 1.", "3. Rank; quality.", "Who hath not heard of the greatness of your estate?", "4. In law, the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, tenements, or other effects. Estates are real or personal. Real estate consists in lands or freeholds, which descent to heirs; personal estate consists in chattels or movables, which go to executors and administrators. There are also estates for life, for years, at will, &c.", "5. Fortune; possessions; property in general. He is a man of a great estate. He left his estate unincumbered.", "6. The general business or interest of government; hence, a political body; a commonwealth; a republic. But in this sense, we now use State.", "Estates, in the plural, dominions; possessions of a prince.", "1. Orders or classes of men in society or government. Herod made a supper for his chief estates. Mark 6.", "In Great Britain, the estates of the realm are the king, lords and commons; or rather the lords and commons.", "ESTA'TE, v.t. To settle as a fortune. Little used.", "1. To establish. Little used."], "estated": ["ESTA'TED, pp. or a. Possessing an estate."], "esteem": ["ESTEE'M, v.t. L. estimo; Gr. to honor or esteem.", "1. To set a value on, whether high or low; to estimate; to value.", "Then he forsook God who made him, and lightly esteemed the rock of his salvation. Deut.32.", "They that despise me shall be lightly esteemed. 1 Sam.2.", "2. To prize; to set a high value on; to regard with reverence, respect or friendship. When our minds are not biased, we always esteem the industrious, the generous, the brave, the virtuous, and the learned.", "Will he esteem thy riches? Job.36.", "3. To hold in opinion; to repute; to think.", "One man esteemeth one day above another; another esteemeth every day alike. Rom.14.", "4. To compare in value; to estimate by proportion. Little used.", "ESTEE'M, n. Estimation; opinion or judgment of merit or demerit. This man is of no worth in my esteem.", "1. High value or estimation; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth.", "Both those poets lived in much esteem with good and holy men in orders."], "esteemable": ["ESTEE'MABLE, a. Worthy of esteem; estimable."], "esteemed": ["ESTEE'MED, pp. Valued; estimated; highly valued or prized on account of worth; thought; held in opinion."], "esteemer": ["ESTEE'MER, n. One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.", "A proud esteemer of his own parts."], "esteeming": ["ESTEE'MING, ppr. Valuing; estimating; valuing highly; prizing; thinking; deeming."], "estimable": ["ES'TIMABLE, a.", "1. That is capable of being estimated or valued; as estimable damage.", "2. Valuable; worth a great price.", "A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man,", "Is not so estimable or profitable.", "3. Worthy of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard.", "A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable.", "ES'TIMABLE, n. That which is worthy of regard."], "estimableness": ["ES'TIMABLENESS, n. The quality of deserving esteem or regard."], "estimate": ["ES'TIMATE, v.t. L. oestimo. See Esteem.", "1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of; to rate by judgment or opinion, without weighing or measuring either value, degree, extent or quantity. We estimate the value of cloth by inspection, or the extend of a piece of land, or the distance of a mountain. We estimate the worth of a friend by his known qualities. We estimate the merits or talents of two different men by judgment. We estimate profits, loss and damage. Hence,", "2. To compute; to calculate; to reckon.", "ES'TIMATE, n. A valuing or rating in the mind; a judgment or opinion of the value, degree, extent or quantity of any thing, without ascertaining it. We form estimates of the expenses of a war, of the probable outfits of a voyage, of the comparative strength or merits of two men, of the extent of a kingdom or its population. Hence estimate may be equivalent to calculation, computation, without measuring or weighing.", "1. Value."], "estimated": ["ES'TIMATED, pp. Valued; rated in opinion or judgment."], "estimating": ["ES'TIMATING, ppr. Valuing; rating; forming an opinion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity, or degree of worth of any object; calculating; computing."], "estimation": ["ESTIMA'TION, n. L. oestimatio. The act of estimating.", "1. Calculation; computation; an opinion or judgment of the worth, extent or quantity of any thing, formed without using precise data. We may differ in our estimations of distance, magnitude or amount, and no less in our estimation of moral qualities.", "1. Esteem; regard; favorable opinion; honor.", "I shall have estimation among the multitude, and honor with the elders."], "estimative": ["ES'TIMATIVE, a. Having the power of comparing and adjusting the worth or preference. Little used.", "1. Imaginative."], "estimator": ["ES'TIMATOR, n. One who estimates or values."], "estrange": ["ESTRANGE, v.t.", "1. To keep at a distance; to withdraw; to cease to frequent and be familiar with.", "Had we estranged ourselves form them in things indifferent.", "I thus estrange my person from her bed.", "2. To alienate; to divert from its original use or possessor; to apply to a purpose foreign from its original or customary one.", "They have estranged this place, and burnt incense in it to other gods. Jer.19.", "3. To alienate, as the affections; to turn from kindness to indifference or malevolence.", "I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me.", "4. To withdraw; to withhold.", "We must estrange our belief from what is not clearly evidenced."], "estranged": ["ESTRANGED, pp. Withdrawn; withheld; alienated."], "estrangement": ["ESTRANGEMENT, n. Alienation; a keeping at a distance; removal; voluntary abstraction; as an estrangement of affection.", "An estrangement of desires from better things."], "estranging": ["ESTRANGING, ppr. Alienating; withdrawing; keeping at or removing to a distance."], "etern": ["ETERN', a. Eternal; perpetual; endless. Not used."], "eternal": ["ETER'NAL, a. L. oeternus, composed of oevum and ternus, oeviternus, Varro. The origin of the last component part of the word is not obvious. It occurs in diuturnus, and seems to denote continuance.", "1. Without beginning or end of existence.", "The eternal God is thy refuge. Deut.33.", "2. Without beginning of existence.", "To know whether there is any real being, whose duration has been eternal.", "3. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal.", "That they may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. 2 Tim.2.", "What shall I do, that I may have eternal life? Matt.19.", "Suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude 7.", "4. Perpetual; ceaseless; continued without intermission.", "And fires eternal in thy temple shine.", "5. Unchangeable; existing at all times without change; as eternal truth.", "ETER'NAL, n. An appellation of God."], "eternalize": ["ETER'NALIZE, v.t. To make eternal; to give endless duration to. We now use eternize."], "eternally": ["ETER'NALLY, adv. Without beginning or end of duration, or without end only.", "1. Unchangeably; invariably; at all times.", "That which is morally good must be eternally and unchangeably so.", "2. Perpetually; without intermission; at all times.", "Where western gales eternally reside."], "eternity": ["ETER'NITY, n. L. oeternitas. Duration or continuance without beginning or end.", "By repeating the idea of any length of duration, with the endless addition of number, we come by the idea of eternity.", "The high and lofty one who inhabiteth eternity. Is.57.", "We speak of eternal duration preceding the present time. God has existed from eternity. We also speak of endless or everlasting duration in future, and dating from present time or the present state of things. Some men doubt the eternity of future punishment, though they have less difficulty in admitting the eternity of future rewards."], "eternize": ["ETER'NIZE, v.t. Low L. oeterno.", "1. To make endless.", "2. To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely; to perpetuate; as, to eternize woe.", "So we say, to eternize fame or glory.", "3. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize a name; to eternize exploits."], "eternized": ["ETER'NIZED, pp. Made endless; immortalized."], "eternizing": ["ETER'NIZING, ppr. Giving endless duration to; immortalizing."], "ether": ["E'THER, n. L. oether; Gr. to burn, to shine; Eng. weather.", "1. A thin, subtil matter, much finer and rarer than air, which, some philosophers suppose, begins from the limits of the atmosphere and occupies the heavenly space.", "There fields of light and liquid ether flow.", "2. In chimistry, a very light, volatile and inflammable fluid, produced by the distillation of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid. It is lighter than alcohol, of a strong sweet smell, susceptible of great expansion, and of a pungent taste. It is so volatile, that when shaken it is dissipated in an instant."], "ethereal": ["ETHE'REAL, a. Formed of ether; containing or filled with ether; as ethereal space; ethereal regions.", "1. Heavenly; celestial; as ethereal messenger.", "2. Consisting of ether or spirit.", "Vast chain of being, which from God began,", "Natures ethereal, human, angel, man."], "ethereous": ["ETHE'REOUS, a. Formed of ether; heavenly."], "etherize": ["E'THERIZE, v.t. To convert into ether."], "etherized": ["E'THERIZED, pp. Converted into ether."], "etherizing": ["E'THERIZING, ppr. Converting into ether."], "eunuch": ["EU'NUCH, n. Gr. a bed, and to keep. A male of the human species castrated."], "eunuchate": ["EU'NUCHATE, v.t. To make a eunuch; to castrate."], "eunuchism": ["EU'NUCHISM, n. The state of being an eunuch."], "euroclydon": ["EUROC'LYDON, n. Gr. wind, and a wave. A tempestuous wind, which drove ashore, on Malta, the ship in which Paul was sailing to Italy. It is supposed to have blown from an easterly point. Acts. 27."], "evangelist": ["EVAN'GELIST, n. A writer of the history, or doctrines, precepts, actions, life and death of our blessed Savior, Jesus Christ; as the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.", "1. A preacher or publisher of the gospel of Jesus Christ, licensed to preach, but not having charge of a particular church."], "eve": ["EVE, n. The consort of Adam, and mother of the human race; so called by Adam, because she was the mother of all living. In this case,the word would properly belong to the Hebrew. But the Hebrew name is havah or chavah, coinciding with the verb, to shew, to discover, and Parkhurst hence denominates Eve, the manifester. In the Septuagint, Eve, in Gen.3.20, is rendered life; but in Gen.4.1,", "it is rendered Euan or Evan. The reason of this variation is not obvious, as the Hebrew is the same in both passages. In Russ. Eve is Evva. In the Chickasaw language of America, a wife is called awah, says Adair."], "evene": ["EVE'NE, v.i. L. evenio. To happen. Not in use."], "evened": ["E'VENED, pp. Made even or level."], "evener": ["E'VENER, n. One that makes even."], "evening": ["E'VENING, n. See Eve, Even. The latter part and close of the day, and the beginning of darkness or night; properly the decline or fall of the day, or of the sun.", "The evening and the morning were the first day. Gen.1.", "The precise time when evening begins, or when it ends, is not ascertained by usage. The word often includes a part at least of the afternoon, and indeed the whole afternoon; as in the phrase, \"The morning and evening service of the sabbath.\" In strictness, evening commences at the setting of the sun, and continues during twilight, and night commences with total darkness. But in customary language, the evening extends to bed-time, whatever that time may be. Hence we say, to spend an evening with a friend; an evening visit.", "1. The decline or latter part of life. We say, the evening of life, or of one's days.", "2. The decline of any thing; as the evening of glory.", "E'VENING, a. Being at the close of day; as the evening sacrifice."], "evenness": ["E'VENNESS, n. The state of being even, level or smooth; equality of surface.", "1. Uniformity; regularity; as evenness of motion.", "2. Freedom from inclination to either side; equal distance from either extreme.", "3. Horizontal position; levelness of surface; as the evenness of a fluid at rest.", "4. Impartiality between parties; equal respect.", "5. Calmness; equality of temper; freedom from perturbation; a state of mind not subject to elevation or depression; equanimity."], "event": ["EVENT', n. L. eventus, evenio; e and venio, to come.", "1. That which comes, arrives or happens; that which falls out; any incident good or bad.", "There is one event to the righteous and to the wicked. Eccles.9.", "2. The consequence of any thing; the issue; conclusion; end; that in which an action, operation, or series of operations terminates. The event of the campaign was to being about a negotiation for peace.", "EVENT', v.i. To break forth. Not used."], "eventful": ["EVENT'FUL, a. from event. Full of events or incidents; producing numerous or great changes, either in public or private affairs; as an eventful period of history; an eventful period of life."], "ever": ["EV'ER, adv. At any time; at any period or point of time, past or future. Have you ever seen the city of Paris, or shall you ever see it?", "No man ever yet hated his own flesh. Eph.5.", "1. At all times; always; continually.", "He shall ever love, and always be", "The subject of my scorn and cruelty.", "He will ever by mindful of his covenant. Ps.111.", "Ever learning, and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth. 2 Tim.3.", "2. Forever, eternally; to perpetuity; during everlasting continuance.", "This is my name forever. Ex.3.", "In a more lax sense, this word signifies continually, for an indefinite period.", "His master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall serve him forever. Ex.21.", "These words are sometimes repeated, for the sake of emphasis; forever and ever, or forever and forever.", "3. Ever and anon, at one time and another; now and then.", "4. In any degree. No man is ever the richer or happier for injustice.", "Let no man fear that creature ever the less, because he sees the apostle safe from his poison.", "In modern usage, this word is used for never, but very improperly.", "And all the question, wrangle e'er so long,", "Is only this, if God has placed him wrong.", "This ought to be, ne'er so long, as the phrase is always used in the Anglo-Saxon, and in our version of the scriptures, that is, so long as never, so long as never before, to any length of time indefinitely. As me never so much dowry. Charmers, charming never so wisely. These are the genuine English phrases. Let them charm so wisely as never before.", "5. A word of enforcement or emphasis; thus, as soon as ever he had done it; as like him as ever he can look.", "They broke all their bones in pieces or ever they came to the bottom of the den. Dan.6.", "The latter phrase is however anomalous; or-ever being equivalent to before, and or may be a mistake for ere.", "7. In poetry, and sometimes in prose, ever is contracted into e'er.", "Ever in composition signifies always or continually, without intermission, or to eternity."], "everlasting": ["EVERL`ASTING, a. ever and lasting. Lasting or enduring for ever; eternal; existing or continuing without end; immortal.", "The everlasting God, or Jehovah. Gen.21.", "Everlasting fire; everlasting punishment. Matt.18.25.", "1. Perpetual; continuing indefinitely, or during the present state of things.", "I will give thee, and thy seed after thee, the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. Gen.17.", "The everlasting hills or mountains. Genesis. Habakkuk.", "2. In popular usage, endless; continual; unintermitted; as, the family is disturbed with everlasting disputes.", "EVERL`ASTING, n. Eternity; eternal duration, past and future.", "From everlasting to everlasting, thou art God. Ps.90.", "1. A plant, the Gnaphalium; also, the Xeranthenum."], "everlastingly": ["EVERL`ASTINGLY, adv. Eternally; perpetually; continually."], "evermore": ["EVERMO'RE, adv. ever and more. Always; eternally.", "Religion prefers the pleasures which flow from the presence of God for evermore.", "1. Always; at all times; as evermore guided by truth."], "every": ["EV'ERY, a. Old Eng. everich. It is formed from ever. Each individual of a whole collection or aggregate number. The word includes the whole number, but each separately stated or considered.", "Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps.39."], "evidence": ["EV'IDENCE, n. L. evidentia, from video, to see.", "1. That which elucidates and enables the mind to see truth; proof arising from our own perceptions by the senses, or from the testimony of others, or from inductions of reason. Our senses furnish evidence of the existence of matter, of solidity, of color, of heat and cold, of a difference in the qualities of bodies, of figure , &c. The declarations of a witness furnish evidence of facts to a court and jury; and reasoning, or the deductions of the mind from facts or arguments, furnish evidence of truth or falsehood.", "2. Any instrument or writing which contains proof.", "I delivered the evidence of the purchase to Baruch. Jer.32.", "I subscribed the evidence and sealed it. Jer.32.", "3. A witness; one who testifies to a fact. This sense is improper and inelegant, though common, and found even in Johnson's writings.", "EV'IDENCE, v.t. To elucidate; to prove; to make clear to the mind; to show in such a manner that the mind can apprehend the truth, or in a manner to convince it. The testimony of two witnesses is usually sufficient to evidence the guilt of an offender. The works of creation clearly evidence the existence of an infinite first cause."], "evident": ["EV'IDENT, a. Plain; open to be seen; clear to the mental eye; apparent; manifest. The figures and colors of bodies are evident to the senses; their qualities may be made evident. The guilt of an offender cannot always be made evident."], "evidently": ["EV'IDENTLY, adv. Clearly; obviously; plainly; in a manner to be seen and understood; in a manner to convince the mind; certainly; manifestly. The evil of sin may be evidently proved by its mischievous effect."], "evil": ["E'VIL, a. e'vl. Heb. to be unjust or injurious, to defraud.", "1. Having bad qualities of a natural kind; mischievous; having qualities which tend to injury, or to produce mischief.", "Some evil beast hath devoured him. Gen.37.", "2. Having bad qualities of a moral kind; wicked; corrupt; perverse; wrong; as evil thoughts; evil deeds; evil speaking; an evil generation.", "3. Unfortunate; unhappy; producing sorrow, distress, injury or calamity; as evil tidings; evil arrows; evil days.", "E'VIL, n. Evil is natural or moral. Natural evil is any thing which produces pain, distress, loss or calamity, or which in any way disturbs the peace, impairs the happiness, or destroys the perfection of natural beings.", "Moral evil is any deviation of a moral agent from the rules of conduct prescribed to him by God, or by legitimate human authority; or it is any violation of the plain principles of justice and rectitude.", "There are also evils called civil, which affect injuriously the peace or prosperity of a city or state; and political evils, which injure a nation, in its public capacity.", "All wickedness, all crimes, all violations of law and right are moral evils. Diseases are natural evils, but they often proceed from moral evils.", "2. Misfortune; mischief; injury.", "There shall no evil befall thee. Ps.91.", "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself. Prov.22.", "3. Depravity; corruption of heart, or disposition to commit wickedness; malignity.", "The heart of the sons of men is full of evil. Eccles.9.", "4. Malady; as the king's evil or scrophula.", "E'VIL, adv. generally contracted to ill.", "1. Not well; not with justice or propriety; unsuitable.", "Evil it beseems thee.", "2. Not virtuously; not innocently.", "3. Not happily; unfortunately.", "It went evil with his house.", "4. Injuriously; not kindly.", "The Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us.", "In composition, evil, denoting something bad or wrong, is often contracted to ill."], "evilness": ["E'VILNESS, n. Badness; viciousness; malignity; as evilness of heart; the evilness of sin."], "evildoer": ["EVILDO'ER, n. evil and doer, from do. One who does evil; one who commits sin, crime, or any moral wrong.", "They speak evil against you as evildoers. l Pet.2."], "ewe": ["EWE, n. yu. L. ovis. A female sheep; the female of the ovine race of animals."], "exact": ["EXACT', a. egzact'. L. exactus, from exigo, to drive; ex and ago. Gr. to drive, urge or press.", "1. Closely correct or regular; nice; accurate; conformed to rule; as a man exact in his dealings.", "All this, exact to rule, were brought about.", "2. Precise; not different in the least. This is the exact sum or amount, or the exact time.", "We have an exact model for imitation.", "3. Methodical; careful; not negligent; correct; observing strict method, rule or order. This man is very exact in keeping his accounts.", "4. Punctual. Every man should be exact in paying his debts when due; he should be exact in attendance on appointments.", "5. Strict. We should be exact in the performance of duties.", "The exactest vigilance cannot maintain a single day of unmingled innocence.", "EXACT', v.t. egzact'. L. exigo, exactum. See the Adjective.", "1. To force or compel to pay or yield; to demand or require authoritatively; to extort by means of authority or without pity or justice. It is an offense for an officer to exact illegal or unreasonable fees. It is customary for conquerors to exact tribute or contributions from conquered countries.", "2. To demand or right. Princes exact obedience of their subjects. The laws of God exact obedience from all men.", "3. To demand of necessity; to enforce a yielding or compliance; or to enjoin with pressing urgency.", "Duty,", "And justice to my father's soul, exact", "This cruel piety.", "EXACT', v.i. To practice extortion.", "The enemy shall not exact upon him. Ps.89."], "exacted": ["EXACT'ED, pp. Demanded or required by authority; extorted."], "exacting": ["EXACT'ING, ppr. Demanding and compelling to pay or yield under color of authority; requiring authoritatively; demanding without pity or justice; extorting; compelling by necessity."], "exaction": ["EXAC'TION, n. The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or yield; authoritative demand; a levying or drawing from by force; a driving to compliance; as the exaction of tribute or of obedience.", "1. Extortion; a wresting from one unjustly; the taking advantage of one's necessities, to compel him to pay illegal or exorbitant tribute, fees or rewards.", "Take away your exactions from my people. Ezek.45.", "2. That which is exacted; tribute, fees, rewards or contributions demanded or levied with severity or injustice. Kings may be enriched by exactions, but their power is weakened by the consequent disaffection of their subjects."], "exactness": ["EXACT'NESS, n. Accuracy; nicety; precision; as, to make experiments with exactness.", "1. Regularity; careful conformity to law or rules of propriety; as exactness of deportment.", "2. Careful observance of method and conformity to truth; as exactness in accounts or business."], "exactor": ["EXACT'OR, n. One who exacts; an officer who collects tribute, taxes or customs.", "I will make thine officers peace, and thine exactors righteousness. Isa. 60.", "1. An extortioner; one who compels another to pay more than is legal or reasonable; one who demands something without pity or regard to justice.", "2. He that demands by authority; as an exactor of oaths.", "3. One who is unreasonably severe in his injunctions or demands."], "exalt": ["EXALT', v.t. egzolt'. Low L. exalto; ex and altus, high.", "1. To raise high; to elevate.", "2. To elevate in power, wealth, rank or dignity; as, to exalt one to a throne, to the chief magistracy, to a bishopric.", "3. To elevate with joy or confidence; as, to be exalted with success or victory. We now use elate.", "4. To raise with pride; to make undue pretensions to power, rank or estimation; to elevate too high or above others.", "He that exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke 14. Matt.23.", "5. To elevate in estimation and praise; to magnify; to praise; to extol.", "He is my father's God, and I will exalt him. Ex. 15.", "6. To raise, as the voice; to raise in opposition. 2 Kings 19.", "7. To elevate in diction or sentiment; to make sublime; as exalted strains.", "8. In physics, to elevate; to purify; to subtilize; to refine; as, to exalt the juices or the qualities of bodies."], "exaltation": ["EXALTA'TION, n. The act of raising high.", "1. Elevation to power, office, rank, dignity or excellence.", "2. Elevated state; state of greatness or dignity.", "I wondered at my flight, and change", "To this high exaltation.", "3. In pharmacy, the refinement or subtilization of bodies or their qualities and virtues, or the increase of their strength.", "4. In astrology, the dignity of a planet in which its powers are increased."], "exalted": ["EXALT'ED, pp. Raised to a lofty highth; elevated; honored with office or rank; extolled; magnified; refined; dignified; sublime.", "Time never fails to bring every exalted reputation to a strict scrutiny."], "exalter": ["EXALT'ER, n. One who exalts or raises to dignity."], "exalting": ["EXALT'ING, ppr. Elevating; raising to an eminent station; praising; extolling; magnifying; refining."], "examinable": ["EXAM'INABLE, a. See Examine. That may be examined; proper for judicial examination or inquiry."], "examinant": ["EXAM'INANT, n. One who is to be examined. Not legitimate."], "examinate": ["EXAM'INATE, n. The person examined."], "examination": ["EXAMINA'TION, n. L. examinatio. See Examen.", "1. The act of examining; a careful search or inquiry, with a view to discover truth or the real state of things; careful and accurate inspection of a thing and its parts; as an examination of a house or a ship.", "2. Mental inquiry; disquisition; careful consideration of the circumstances or facts which relate to a subject or question; a view of qualities and relations, and an estimate of their nature and importance.", "3. Trial by a rule or law.", "4. In judicial proceedings, a careful inquiry into facts by testimony; an attempt to ascertain truth by inquiries and interrogatories; as the examination of a witness or the merits of a cause.", "5. In seminaries of learning, an inquiry into the acquisitions of the students, by questioning them in literature and the sciences, and by hearing their recitals.", "6. In chimistry and other sciences, a searching for the nature and qualities of substances, by experiments; the practice or application of the docimastic art."], "examinator": ["EXAM'INATOR, n. An examiner. Not used."], "examine": ["EXAM'INE, v.t. egzam'in. L. examino, from examen.", "1. To inspect carefully, with a view to discover truth or the real state of a thing; as, to examine a ship to know whether she is sea-worthy, or a house to know whether repairs are wanted.", "2. To search or inquire into facts and circumstances by interrogating; as, to examine a witness.", "3. To look into the state of a subject; to view in all its aspects; to weigh arguments and compare facts, with a view to form a correct opinion or judgment. Let us examine this proposition; let us examine this subject in all its relations and bearing; let us examine into the state of this question.", "4. To inquire into the improvements or qualifications of students, by interrogatories, proposing problems, or by hearing their recitals; as, to examine the classes in college; to examine the candidates for a degree, or for a license to preach or to practice in a profession.", "5. To try or assay by experiments; as, to examine minerals.", "6. To try by a rule or law.", "Examine yourselves whether ye are in the faith. 2 Cor.13.", "7. In general, to search; to scrutinize; to explore, with a view to discover truth; as, to examine ourselves; to examine the extent of human knowledge."], "examined": ["EXAM'INED, pp. Inquired into; searched; inspected; interrogated; tried by experiment."], "examiner": ["EXAM'INER, n. One who examines, tries or inspects; one who interrogates a witness or an offender.", "1. In chancery, in Great Britain, the Examiners are two officers of that court, who examine, on oath, the witnesses for the parties."], "examining": ["EXAM'INING, ppr. Inspecting carefully; searching or inquiring into; interrogating; trying or assaying by experiment."], "example": ["EXAM'PLE, n. egzam'pl. L. e xemplum.", "1. A pattern; a copy; a mode; that which is proposed to be imitated. This word, when applied to material things, is now generally written sample, as a sample of cloth; but example is sometimes used.", "2. A pattern, in morals or manners; a copy, or model; that which is proposed or is proper to be imitated.", "I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done to you. John 13.", "Example is our preceptor before we can reason.", "3. Precedent; a former instance. Buonaparte furnished many examples of successful bravery.", "4. Precedent or former instance, in a bad sense, intended for caution.", "Lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief. Heb.4.", "Sodom and Gomorrah--are set forth for an example,suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Jude.7.", "5. A person fit to be proposed for a pattern; one whose conduct is worthy of imitation.", "Be thou an example of the believers. 1 Tim 4.", "6. Precedent which disposes to imitation.", "Example has more effect than precept.", "7. Instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept; or a particular case or proposition illustrating a general rule, position or truth. The principles of trigonometry and the rules of grammar are illustrated by examples.", "8. In logic, or rhetoric, the conclusion of one singular point from another; an induction of what may happen from what has happened. If civil war has produced calamities of a particular kind in one instance, it is inferred that it will produce like consequences in other cases. This is an example.", "EXAM'PLE, v.t. To exemplify; to set an example. Not used."], "exampler": ["EXAM'PLER, n. A pattern; now sample or sampler."], "exceed": ["EXCEE'D, v.t. L. excedo; ex and cedo, to pass.", "1. To pass or go beyond; to proceed beyond any given or supposed limit, measure or quantity, or beyond any thing else; used equally in a physical or moral sense. One piece of cloth exceeds the customary length or breadth; one man exceeds another in bulk, stature or weight; one offender exceeds another in villainy.", "2. To surpass; to excel. Homer exceeded all men in epic poetry. Demosthenes and Cicero exceeded their contemporaries in oratory.", "King Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth for riches and for wisdom. l Kings.10.", "EXCEE'D, v.i. To go too far; to pass the proper bounds; to go over any given limit, number or measure.", "Forty stripes may he give him, and not exceed. Deut.25.", "1. To bear the greater proportion; to be more or larger.", "This verb is intransitive only by ellipsis."], "exceedable": ["EXCEE'DABLE, a. That may surmount or exceed."], "exceeded": ["EXCEE'DED, pp. Excelled; surpassed; outdone."], "exceeder": ["EXCEE'DER, n. One who exceeds or passes the bounds of fitness."], "exceeding": ["EXCEE'DING, ppr. Going beyond; surpassing; excelling; outdoing.", "1. Great in extent, quantity or duration; very extensive.", "Cities were built an exceeding space of time before the flood. This sense is unusual.", "2. adv. In a very great degree; unusually; as exceeding rich.", "The Genoese were exceeding powerful by sea.", "I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. Gen.15.", "EXCEE'DING, n. Excess; superfluity."], "exceedingly": ["EXCEE'DINGLY, adv. To a very great degree; in a degree beyond what is usual; greatly; very much.", "Isaac trembled exceedingly. Gen.27."], "excel": ["EXCEL', v.t. L. excello, the root of which, cello, is not in use.", "1. To go beyond; to exceed; to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo.", "Excelling others, these were great;", "Thou greater still, must these excel.", "Many daughters have done virtuously, but", "thou excellest them all. Prov.31.", "2. To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or deeds.", "3. To exceed; to surpass.", "EXCEL', v.i. To have good qualities, or to perform meritorious actions, in an unusual degree; to be eminent, illustrious or distinguished.", "Bless the Lord, ye his angels, that excel in strength. Ps.103.", "We say, to excel in mathematics; to excel in painting; to excel in heroic achievements."], "excelled": ["EXCEL'LED, pp. Surpassed; outdone; exceeded in good qualities or laudable achievements."], "excellency": ["EXCELLENCY, n. L. excellentia. The state of possessing food qualities in an unusual or eminent degree; the state of excelling in any thing.", "1. An valuabale quality; any thing highly laudable, meritorious or virtuous, in persons, or valuable and esteemed, in things. Purity of heart, uprightness of mind, sincerity, virtue, piety, are excellencies of character; symmetry of parts, strength and beauty are excellencies of body; an accurate knowledge of an art is an excellence in the artisan; soundness and durability are excellencies in timber; fertility, in land; elegance, in writing. In short, whatever contributes to exalt man, or to render him esteemed and happy, or to bless society, is in him an excellence.", "2. Dignity; high rank in the scale of beings. Angels are beings of more excellence than men; men are beings of more excellence than brutes.", "3. A title of honor formerly given to kings and emperors, now given to embassadors, governors, and other persons, below the rank of kings, but elevated above the common classes of men."], "excellent": ["EX'CELLENT, a. Being of great virtue or worth; eminent or distinguished for what is amiable, valuable or laudable; as an excellent man or citizen; an excellent judge or magistrate.", "1. Being of great value or use, applied to things; remarkable for good properties; as excellent timber; an excellent farm; an excellent horse; excellent fruit.", "2. Distinguished for superior attainments; as an excellent artist.", "3. Consummate; complete; in an ill sense.", "Elizabeth was an excellent hypocrite."], "excellently": ["EX'CELLENTLY, adv. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree; in an eminent degree; in a manner to please or command esteem, or to be useful."], "except": ["EXCEPT', v.t. L. excipio; ex and capio, to take. See Caption, Capture.", "1. To take or leave out of any number specified; to exclude; as, of the thirty persons present and concerned in a riot, we must except two.", "2. To take or leave out any particular or particulars, from a general description.", "When he saith, all things are put under him, it is manifest that he is excepted who did put all things under him. 1 Cor.14.", "EXCEPT', v.i. To object; to make an objection or objections; usually followed by to; sometimes by against. I except to a witness, or to his testimony, on account of his interest or partiality.", "EXCEPT', pp. Contracted from excepted. Taken out; not included. All were involved in this affair, except one; that is, one excepted, the case absolute or independent clause. Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish; that is, except this fact, that ye repent, or this fact being excepted, removed, taken away, ye shall all likewise perish. Or except may be considered as the imperative mode. Except, thou or ye, this fact, ye shall all likewise perish. Hence except is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes exclusion."], "excepted": ["EXCEPT'ED, pp. See Except."], "excepting": ["EXCEPT'ING, ppr. Taking or leaving out; excluding.", "1. This word is also used in the sense of except, as above explained. The prisoners were all condemned, except in three. This is an anomalous use of the word, unless, in some cases, it may be referred to a pronoun. Excepted would be better: three excepted; three being excepted."], "exception": ["EXCEP'TION, n. The act of excepting, or excluding from a number designated, or from a description; exclusion. All the representatives voted for the bill, with the exception of five. All the land is in tillage, with an exception of two acres.", "1. Exclusion from what is comprehended in a general rule or proposition.", "2. That which is excepted, excluded, or separated from others in a general description; the person or thing specified as distinct or not included. Almost every general rule has its exceptions.", "3. An objection; that which is or may be offered in opposition to a rule, proposition, statement or allegation; with to; sometimes with against. He made some exceptions to the argument.", "4. Objection with dislike; offense; slight anger or resentment; with at, to or against, and commonly used with take; as, to take exception at a severe remark; to take exception to what was said.", "Roderigo, thou hast taken against me an exception.", "But it is more generally followed by at.", "5. In law, the denial of what is alleged and considered as valid by the other party, either in point of law or in pleading; or an allegation against the sufficiency of an answer. In law, it is a stop or stay to an action, and it is either dilatory or peremptory.", "6. A saving clause in a writing.", "Bill of exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to evidence, filed by the party, and which the judge must sign or seal."], "exceptive": ["EXCEPT'IVE, a. Including an exception; as an exceptive preposition.", "1. Making or being an exception."], "excess": ["EXCESS', n. L. excessus, from excedo. See Exceed.", "1. Literally, that which exceeds any measure or limit, or which exceeds something else, or a going beyond a just line or point. Hence, superfluity; that which is beyond necessity or wants; as an excess of provisions; excess of light.", "2. That which is beyond the common measure, proportion, or due quantity; as the excess of a limb; the excess of bile in the system.", "3. Super abundance of any thing.", "4. Any transgression of due limits.", "5. In morals, any indulgence of appetite, passion or exertion, beyond the rules of God's word, or beyond any rule of propriety; intemperance in gratifications; as excess in eating or drinking; excess of joy; excess of grief; excess of love, or of anger; excess of labor.", "6. In arithmetic and geometry, the difference between any two unequal numbers or quantities; that which remains when the lesser number or quantity is taken from the greater."], "excessive": ["EXCESS'IVE, a. Beyond any given degree, measure or limit, or beyond the common measure or proportion; as the excessive bulk of a man; excessive labor; excessive wages.", "1. Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, expedience or utility; as excessive indulgence of any kind.", "Excessive bail shall not be required.", "2. Extravagant; unreasonable. His expenditures of money were excessive.", "3. Vehement; violent; as excessive passion."], "excessively": ["EXCESS'IVELY, adv. In an extreme degree; beyond measure; exceedingly; as excessively impatient; excessively grieved.", "1. Vehemently; violently; as, the wind blew excessively."], "excessiveness": ["EXCESS'IVENESS, n. The state or quality of being excessive; excess."], "exchange": ["EXCHANGE, v.t.", "1. In commerce, to give one thing or commodity for another; to alienate or transfer the property of a thing and receive in compensation for it something of supposed equal value; to barter; and in vulgar language, to swap; to truck. It differs from sell, only in the kind of compensation. To sell is to alienate for money; to exchange is to alienate one commodity for another; as, to exchange horses; to exchange oxen for corn.", "2. To lay aside, quit or resign one thing, state or condition, and take another in the place of it; as, to exchange a crown for a cowl; to exchange a throne for a cell or a hermitage; to exchange a life of ease for a life of toil.", "3. To give and receive reciprocally; to give and receive in compensation the same thing.", "Exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet.", "4. To give and receive the like thing; as to exchange thoughts; to exchange work; to exchange blows; to exchange prisoners.", "It has with before the person receiving the thing given, and for before the equivalent. Will you exchange horses with me? Will you exchange your horse for mine?", "EXCHANGE, n. In commerce, the act of giving one thing or commodity for another; barter; traffic by permutation, in which the thing received is supposed to be equivalent to the thing given.", "Joseph gave them bread in exchange for horses. Gen 47.", "1. The act of giving up or resigning one thing or state for another, without contract.", "2. The act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as an exchange of thoughts; an exchange of civilities.", "3. The contract by which one commodity is transferred to another for an equivalent commodity.", "4. The thing given in return for something received; or the thing received in return for what is given.", "There's my exchange.", "In ordinary business, this is called change.", "5. The form of exchanging one debt or credit for another; or the receiving or paying of money in one place, for an equal sum in another, by order, draft or bill of exchange. A in London is creditor to B in New York, and C in London owed D in New York a like sum. A in London draws a bill of exchange on B in New York; C in London purchases the bill, by which A receives his debt due from B in New York. C transmits the bill to D in New York, who receives the amount from B.", "Bills of exchange, drawn on persons in a foreign country, are called foreign bills of exchange; the like bills, drawn on persons in different parts or cities of the same country, are called inland bills of exchange.", "A bill of exchange is a mercantile contract in which four persons are primarily concerned.", "6. In mercantile language, a bill drawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill of exchange.", "7. The course of exchange, is the current price between two places, which is above or below par, or at par. Exchange is at par, when a bill in New York for the payment of one hundred pounds sterling in London, can be purchased for one hundred pounds. If it can be purchased for less, exchange is under par. If the purchases is obliged to give more, exchange is above par.", "8. In law, a mutual grant of equal interest, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple.", "9. The place where the merchants, brokers and bankers of a city meet to transact business, at certain hours; often contracted into change."], "exchangeability": ["EXCHANGEABIL'ITY, n. The quality or state of being exchangeable.", "Though the law ought not to be contravened by an express article admitting the exchangeability of such persons."], "exchangeable": ["EXCHANGEABLE, a. That may be exchanged; capable of being exchanged; fit or proper to be exchanged.", "The officers captured with Burgoyne were exchangeable within the powers of Gen. Howe.", "Bank bills exchangeable for gold or silver."], "exchanged": ["EXCHANGED, pp. Given or received for something else; bartered."], "exchanger": ["EXCHANGER, n. One who exchanges; one who practices exchange. Matt.25."], "exchanging": ["EXCHANGING, ppr. Giving and receiving one commodity for another; giving and receiving mutually; laying aside or relinquishing one thing or state for another."], "exclude": ["EXCLU'DE, v.t. L. excludo; ex and claudo, to shut. Properly, to thrust out or eject; but used as synonymous with preclude.", "1. To thrust out; to eject; as, to exclude young animals from the womb or from eggs.", "2. To hinder from entering or admission; to shut out; as, one body excludes another from occupying the same space. The church ought to exclude immoral men from the communion.", "3. To debar; to hinder from participation or enjoyment. European nations, in time of peace, exclude our merchants from the commerce of their colonies. In some of the states, no man who pays taxes is excluded from the privilege of voting for representatives.", "4. To except; not to comprehend or include in a privilege, grant, proposition, argument, description, order, species, genus, &c. in a general sense."], "excluded": ["EXCLU'DED, pp. Thrust out; shut out; hindered or prohibited from entrance or admission; debarred; not included or comprehended."], "excluding": ["EXCLU'DING, ppr. Ejecting; hindering from entering; debarring; not comprehending."], "excusable": ["EXCU'SABLE, a. s as z. See Excuse. That may be excused; pardonable; as, the man is excusable.", "1. Admitting of excuse or justification; as an excusable action."], "excusableness": ["EXCU'SABLENESS, n. s as z. The state of being excusable; pardonableness; the quality of admitting of excuse."], "excusation": ["EXCUSA'TION, n. s as z. Excuse; apology. Little used."], "excusator": ["EXCUSA'TOR, n. s as z. One who makes or is authorized to make an excuse or carry an apology."], "excuse": ["EXCU'SE, v.t. s as z. L. excuso; ex and causor, to blame. See Cause.", "1. To pardon; to free from the imputation of fault or blame; to acquit of guilt. We excuse a person in our own minds, when we acquit him of guilt or blame; or we excuse him by a declaration of that acquital.", "2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook. We excuse a fault, which admits of apology or extenuation; and we excuse irregular conduct, when extraordinary circumstances appear to justify it.", "3. To free from an obligation or duty.", "I pray thee have me excused. Luke 14.", "4. To remit; not to exact; as, to excuse a forfeiture.", "5. To pardon; to admit an apology for.", "Excuse some courtly strains.", "6. To throw off an imputation by apology.", "Think you that we excuse ourselves to you? 2 cor.12.", "7. To justify; to vindicate.", "Their thoughts accusing or else excusing one another. Rom.2.", "EXCU'SE, n. A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment; apology. Every man has an excuse to offer for his neglect of duty; the debtor makes excuses for delay of payment.", "1. The act of excusing or apologizing.", "2. That which excuses; that which extenuates or justifies a fault. His inability to comply with the request must be his excuse."], "excuser": ["EXCU'SER, n. s as z. One who offers excuses or pleads for another.", "1. One who excuses or forgives another."], "excusing": ["EXCU'SING, ppr. s as z. Acquitting of guilt or fault; forgiving; overlooking."], "execrable": ["EX'ECRABLE, a. L. execrabilis. See Execrate.", "Deserving to be cursed; very hateful; destable; abominable; as an execrable wretch."], "execrably": ["EX'ECRABLY, adv. Cursedly; detestably."], "execrate": ["EX'ECRATE, v.t. L. execror, from ex and sacer, the primary sense of which is to separate. See Sacred.", "Literally, to curse; to denounce evil agianst, or to imprecate evil on; hence, to detest utterly; to abhor; to abominate."], "execration": ["EXECRA'TION, n. The act of cursing; a curse pronounced; imprecation of evil; utter detestation expressed.", "Cease, gentle queen, these execrations:"], "execute": ["EX'ECUTE, v.t. L. exequor, for exsequor; ex and sequor, to follow. See Seek.", "1. Literally, to follow out or through. Hence, to perform; to do; to effect; to carry into complete effect; to complete; to finish. We execute a purpose, a plan, design or scheme; we execute a work undertaken, that is, we pursue it to the end.", "2. To perform; to inflict; as, to execute judgment or vengeance.", "3. To carry into effect; as, to execute law or justice.", "4. To carry into effect the law, or the judgment or sentence on a person; to inflict capital punishment on; to put to death; as, to execute a traitor.", "5. To kill.", "6. To complete, as a legal instrument; to perform what is required to give validity to a writing, as by signing and sealing; as, to execute a deed or lease.", "EX'ECUTE, v.i. To perform the proper office; to produce an effect."], "executed": ["EX'ECUTED, pp. Done; performed; accomplished; carried into effect; put to death."], "executer": ["EX'ECUTER, n. One who performs or carries into effect. See executor."], "executing": ["EX'ECUTING, ppr. Doing; performing; finishing; accomplishing; inflicting; carrying into effect."], "execution": ["EXECU'TION, n. Performance; the act of completing or accomplishing.", "The excellence of the subject contributed much to the happiness of the execution.", "1. In law, the carrying into effect a sentence or judgment of court; the last act of the law in completing the process by which justice is to be done, by which the possession of land or debt, damages or cost, is obtained, or by which judicial punishment is inflicted.", "2. The instrument, warrant or official order, by which an officer is empowered to carry a judgment into effect. An execution issues from the clerk of a court, and is levied by a sheriff, his deputy or a constable, on the estate, goods or body of the debtor.", "3. The act of signing and sealing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it a valid act; as the execution of a deed.", "4. The last act of the law in the punishment of criminals; capital punishment; death inflicted according to the forms of law.", "5. Effect; something done or accomplished.", "Every shot did execution.", "6. Destruction; slaughter.", "It is used after do, to do execution; never after make.", "7. Performance, as in music or other art."], "executive": ["EXEC'UTIVE, a. egzec'utive. Having the quality of executing or performing; as executive power or authority; an executive officer. Hence, in government, executive is used in distinction from legislative and judicial. The body that deliberates and enacts laws, is legislative; the body that judges, or applies the laws to particular cases, is judicial; the body or person who carries the laws into effect, or superintends the enforcement of them, is executive.", "It is of the nature of war to increase the executive, at the expense of the legislative authority.", "EXEC'UTIVE, n. The officer, whether king, president or other chief magistrate, who superintends the execution of the laws; the person who administers the government; executive power or authority in government.", "Men most desirous of places in the executive gift, will not expect to be gratified, except by their support of the executive."], "executioner": ["EXECU'TIONER, n. One who executes; one who carries into effect a judgment of death; one who inflicts a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant. It is chiefly used in this sense.", "1. He that kills; he that murders.", "2. The instrument by which any thing is performed."], "exempt": ["EXEMPT', v.t. egzemt' L. eximo, exemptus; ex and emo, to take.", "Literally, to take out or from; hence, to free, or permit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint,duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject; to privilege; to grant immunity from. Officers and students of colleges are exempted from military duty. No man is exempted from pain and suffering. The laws of God exempt no man from the obligation to obedience.", "Certain abbeys claimed to be exempted from the jurisdiction of their bishops.", "EXEMPT', a. Free from any service, charge, burden, tax, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject; not subject; not liable to; as, to be exempt from military duty, or from a poll tax; to be exempt from pain or fear. Peers in G. Britain are exempt from serving on inquests.", "1. Free by privilege; as exempt from the jurisdiction of a lord or of a court.", "2. Free; clear; not included.", "3. Cut off from. Not used.", "EXEMPT', n. One who is exempted or freed from duty; one not subject."], "exempted": ["EXEMPT'ED, pp. Freed from charge, duty, tax or evils, to which others are subject; privileged; not subjected."], "exemptible": ["EXEMPT'IBLE, a. Free; privileged. Not in use."], "exempting": ["EXEMPT'ING, ppr. Freeing from charge, duty, tax or evil; granting immunity to."], "exemption": ["EXEMP'TION, n. The act of exempting; the state of being exempt.", "1. Freedom from any service, charge, burden, tax, evil or requisition, to which others are subject; immunity; privilege. Many cities of Europe purchased or obtained exemptions from feudal servitude. No man can claim an exemption from pain, sorrow or death."], "exercisable": ["EX'ERCISABLE, a. s as z. That may be exercised, used, employed or exerted."], "exercise": ["EX'ERCISE, n. s as z. L. exercitium, from exerceo; Eng. work.", "In a general sense, any kind of work, labor or exertion of body. Hence,", "1. Use; practice; the exertions and movements customary in the performance of business; as the exercise of an art, trade, occupation, or profession.", "2. Practice; performance; as the exercise of religion.", "3. Use; employment; exertion; as the exercise of the eyes or of the senses, or of any power of body or mind.", "4. Exertion of the body, as conducive to health; action; motion, by labor, walking, riding, or other exertion.", "The wise for cure on exercise depend.", "5. Exertion of the body for amusement, or for instruction; the habitual use of the limbs for acquiring an art, dexterity, or grace, as in fencing, dancing, riding; or the exertion of the muscles for invigorating the body.", "6. Exertion of the body and mind or faculties for improvement, as in oratory, in painting or statuary.", "7. Use or practice to acquire skill; preparatory practice. Military exercises consist in using arms, in motions, marches and evolutions. Naval exercise consists in the use or management of artillery, and in the evolutions of fleets.", "8. Exertion of the mind; application of the mental powers.", "9. Task; that which is appointed for one to perform.", "10. Act of divine worship.", "11. A lesson or example for practice.", "EX'ERCISE, v.t. L. exerceo.", "1. In a general sense, to move; to exert; to cause to act, in any manner; as, to exercise the body or the hands; to exercise the mind, the powers of the mind, the reason or judgment.", "2. To use; to exert; as, to exercise authority or power.", "3. To use for improvement in skill; as, to exercise arms.", "4. To exert one's powers or strength; to practice habitually; as, to exercise one's self in speaking or music.", "5. To practice; to perform the duties of; as, to exercise an office.", "6. To train to use; to discipline; to cause to perform certain acts, as preparatory to service; as, to exercise troops.", "7. To task; to keep employed; to use efforts.", "Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense towards God and men. Acts.24.", "8. To use; to employ.", "9. To busy; to keep busy in action, exertion or employment.", "10. To pain or afflict; to give anxiety to; to make uneasy.", "EX'ERCISE, v.i. To use action or exertion; as, to exercise for health or amusement."], "exercised": ["EX'ERCISED, pp. Exerted; used; trained; disciplined; accustomed; made skillful by use; employed; practiced; pained; afflicted; rendered uneasy."], "exerciser": ["EX'ERCISER, n. One who exercises."], "exercising": ["EX'ERCISING, ppr. Exerting; using; employing; training; practicing."], "exhort": ["EXHORT', v.t. egzhort'. L. exhortor; ex and hortor, to encourage, to embolden, to cheer, to advise. The primary sense seems to be to excite or to give strength, spirit or courage.", "1. To incite by words or advice; to animate or urge by arguments to a good deed or to any laudable conduct or course of action.", "I exhort you to be of good cheer. Acts. 27.", "Young men also exhort to be sober minded.", "Exhort servants to be obedient to their masters. Tit.2.", "2. To advise; to warn; to caution.", "3. To incite or stimulate to exertion.", "EXHORT', v.i. To deliver exhortation; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds.", "And with many other words did he testify and exhort. Acts.2."], "exhortation": ["EXHORTA'TION, n. The act or practice of exhorting; the act of inciting to laudable deeds; incitement to that which is good or commendable.", "1. The form of words intended to incite and encourage.", "2. Advice; counsel."], "exhortative": ["EXHORT'ATIVE, a. Containing exhortation."], "exhorted": ["EXHORT'ED, pp. Incited by words to good deeds; animated to a laudable course of conduct; advised."], "exhorter": ["EXHORT'ER, n. One who exhorts or encourages."], "exhorting": ["EXHORT'ING, ppr. Inciting to good deeds by words or arguments; encouraging; counseling."], "exile": ["EX'ILE, n. eg'zile. L. exilium, exul; The word is probably compounded of ex and a root in Sl, signifying to depart, or cut off, to separate, or the thrust away, perhaps L. salio.", "1. Banishment; the state of being expelled from one's native country or place of residence by authority, and forbid to return, either for a limited time or for perpetuity.", "2. An abandonment of one's country, or removal to a foreign country for residence, through fear, disgust or resentment, or for any cause distinct from business, is called a voluntary exile, as is also a separation from one's country and friends by distress or necessity.", "3. The person banished, or expelled from his country by authority; also, one who abandons his country and resides in another; or one who is separated from his country and friends by necessity.", "EX'ILE, v.t. To banish, as a person from his country or from a particular jurisdiction by authority, with a prohibition of return; to drive away, expel or transport from one's country.", "1. To drive from one's country by misfortune, necessity or distress.", "To exile one's self, is to quit one's country with a view not to return", "EX'ILE, a. eg'zil, L. exilis. Slender; thin; fine."], "exiled": ["EX'ILED, pp. Banished; expelled from one's country by authority."], "exilement": ["EX'ILEMENT, n. Banishment."], "exiling": ["EX'ILING, ppr. Banishing; expelling from one's country by law, edict or sentence; voluntarily departing from one's country, and residing in another."], "exility": ["EXIL'ITY, n. L. exilitas. Slenderness; fineness; thinness."], "exorcist": ["EX'ORCIST, n. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by conjuration, prayers, and ceremonies. Acts.14."], "expect": ["EXPECT', v.t. L. expecto; ex and specto, to look, that is, to reach forward, or to fix the eyes.", "1. To wait for.", "The guards,", "By me encamp'd on yonder hill, expect", "Their motion.", "This sense, though often used by Gibbon, seems to be obsolescent.", "2. To look for; to have a previous apprehension of something future, whether good or evil; to entertain at least a slight belief that an event will happen. We expect a visit that has been promised. We expect money will be paid at the time it is due, though we are often disappointed.", "Expect, in its legitimate sense, always refers to a future event. The common phrase, I expect it was, is a vulgar as it is improper."], "expectable": ["EXPECT'ABLE, a. To be expected; that may be expected."], "expectancy": ["EXPECT'ANCY, n. The act or state of expecting; expectation.", "1. Something expected.", "2. Hope; a looking for with pleasure.", "EXPECT'ANCY, n. In law, a state of waiting or suspension. An estate in expectancy is one which is to take effect or commence after the determination of another estate. Estates of this kind are remainders and reversions. A remainder, or estate in remainder, is one which is limited to take effect and be enjoyed after another estate is determined. Thus when a grant of land is made to A for twenty years, and after the determination of that term, to B and his heirs forever; A is tenant for years, remainder to B in fee. In this case, the estate of B is in expectancy, that is, waiting for the determination of the estate for years. A reversion is the residue of an estate left in the grantor, to commence in possession after the determination of a particular estate granted out by him. As when A leases an estate to B for twenty years; after the determination of that period, the estate reverts to the lessor,but during the term the estate of the lessor is in expectancy."], "expectant": ["EXPECT'ANT, a. Waiting; looking for.", "1. An expectant estate, is one which is suspended till the determination of a particular estate.", "EXPECT'ANT, n. One who expects; one who waits in expectation; one held in dependence by his belief or hope of receiving some good. Those who have the gift of offices are usually surrounded by expectants."], "expectation": ["EXPECTA'TION, n. L. expectatio. The act of expecting or looking forward to a future event with at least some reason to believe the event will happen. Expectation differs from hope. Hope originates in desire,and may exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired event will arrive. Expectation is founded on some reasons which render the event probably. Hope is directed to some good; expectation is directed to good or evil.", "The same weakness of mind which indulges absurd expectations, produces petulance in disappointment.", "1. The state of expecting, either with hope or fear.", "2. Prospect of good to come.", "My soul, wait thou only on God, for my expectation is from him. Ps.62,", "3. The object of expectation; the expected Messiah.", "4. A state or qualities in a person which excite expectations in others of some future excellence; as a youth of expectation.", "We now more generally say, a youth of promise.", "5. In chances, expectation is applied to contingent events, and is reducible to computation. A sum of money in expectation, when an event happens, has a determinate value before that event happens. If the chances of receiving or not receiving a hundred dollars, when an event arrives, are equal; then, before the arrival of the event, the expectation is worth half the money."], "expectative": ["EXPECT'ATIVE, n. That which is expected. Not used."], "expecter": ["EXPECT'ER, n. One who expects; one who waits for something, or for another person."], "expecting": ["EXPECT'ING, ppr. Waiting or looking for the arrival of."], "expediate": ["EXPE'DIATE, v.t. To expedite. Not in use."], "expediency": ["EXPE'DIENCY, n. See Speed, Expedient and Expedite.", "1. Fitness or suitableness to effect some good end or the purpose intended; propriety under the particular circumstances of a case. The practicability of a measure is often obvious, when the expedience of it is questionable.", "2. Expedition; adventure. Not now used.", "3. Expedition; haste; dispatch. Not now use."], "expedient": ["EXPE'DIENT, a. L. expediens; expedio, to hasten; Eng. speed.", "1. Literally, hastening; urging forward. Hence, tending to promote the object proposed; fit or suitable for the purpose; proper under the circumstances. Many things may be lawful, which are not expedient.", "2. Useful; profitable.", "3. Quick; expeditious. Not used.", "EXPE'DIENT, n. That which serves to promote or advance; any means which may be employed to accomplish an end. Let every expedient be employed to effect an important object, nor let exertions cease till all expedients fail of producing the effect.", "1. Shift; means devised or employed in an exigency."], "expediently": ["EXPE'DIENTLY, adv. Fitly; suitably; conveniently.", "1. Hastily; quickly."], "expel": ["EXPEL', v.t. L. expello; ex and pello, to drive; from the L. participle.", "1. To drive or force out from any inclosed place; as, to expel wind from the stomach, or air from a bellows. The word is applicable to any force, physical or moral.", "2. To drive out; to force to leave; as, to expel the inhabitants of a country; to expel wild beasts from a forest.", "3. To eject; to throw out.", "4. To banish; to exile.", "5. To reject; to refuse. Little used.", "And would you not poor fellowship expel?", "6. To exclude; to keep out or off.", "7. In college government, to command to leave; to dissolve the connection of a student; to interdict him from further connection."], "expellable": ["EXPEL'LABLE, a. That may be expelled or driven out.", "Acid expellable by heat."], "expelled": ["EXPEL'LED, ppr. Driven out or away; forced to leave; banished; exiled; excluded."], "expeller": ["EXPEL'LER, n. He or that which drives out or away."], "expelling": ["EXPEL'LING, ppr. Driving out; forcing away; compelling to quit or depart; banishing; excluding."], "experience": ["EXPE'RIENCE, n. L. experientia, from experior, to try; ex and ant. perior; Gr. to attempt, whence pirate. Eng. to fare.The L. periculum, Eng. peril, are from the same root. We see the root of these words is to go, to fare, to drive, urge or press, to strain or stretch forward.", "1. Trial, or a series of trials or experiments; active effort or attempt to do or to prove something, or repeated efforts. A man attempts to raise wheat on moist or clayey ground; his attempt fails of success; experience proves that wheat will not flourish on such a soil. He repeats the trial, and his experience proves the same fact. A single trial is usually denominated an experiment; experience may be a series of trials, or the result of such trials.", "2. Observation of a fact or of the same facts or events happening under like circumstances.", "3. Trial from suffering or enjoyment; suffering itself; the use of the senses; as the experience we have of pain or sickness. We know the effect of light, of smell or of taste by experience. We learn the instability of human affairs by observation or by experience. We learn the value of integrity by experience. Hence,", "4. Knowledge derived from trials, use, practice, or from a series of observations.", "EXPE'RIENCE, v.t. To try by use, by suffering or by enjoyment. Thus we all experience pain, sorrow and pleasure; we experience good and evil; we often experience a change of sentiments and views.", "1. To know by practice or trial; to gain knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observations."], "experiment": ["EXPER'IMENT, n. L. experimentum, from experior, as in experience, which see.", "A trial; an act or operation designed to discover some unknown truth, principle or effect, or to establish it when discovered. Experiments in chimistry disclose the qualities of natural bodies. A series of experiments proves the uniformity of the laws of matter. It is not always safe to trust to a single experiment. It is not expedient to try many experiments in legislation.", "A political experiment cannot be made in a laboratory, nor determined in a few hours.", "EXPER'IMENT, v.i. To make trial; to make an experiment; to operate on a body in such a manner as to discover some unknown fact, or to establish it when known. Philosophers experiment on natural bodies for the discovery of their qualities and combinations.", "1. To try; to search by trial.", "2. To experience. Not used.", "EXPER'IMENT, v.t. To try; to know by trial. Little used."], "experimenting": ["EXPER'IMENTING, ppr. Making experiments or trials."], "expert": ["EXPERT', a. L. expertus, from experior, to try. See Experience.", "1. Properly, experienced; taught by use, practice or experience; hence, skillful; well instructed; having familiar knowledge of; as an expert philosopher.", "2. Dextrous; adroit; ready; prompt; having a facility of operation or performance from practice; as an expert operator in surgery. It is usually followed by in; as expert in surgery; expert in performance on a musical instrument. Pope uses expert of arms, but improperly."], "expertness": ["EXPERT'NESS, n. Skill derived from practice; readiness; dexterity; adroitness; as expertness in musical performance; expertness in war or in seamanship; expertness in reasoning."], "expirable": ["EXPI'RABLE, a. from expire. That may expire; that may come to an end."], "expiration": ["EXPIRA'TION, n. L. expiratio, from expiro. See Expire.", "1. The act of breathing out, or forcing the air from the lungs. Respiration consists of expiration and inspiration.", "2. The last emission of breath; death.", "3. The emission of volatile matter from any substance; evaporation; exhalation; as the expiration of warm air from the earth.", "4. Matter expired; exhalation; vapor; fume.", "5. Cessation; close; end; conclusion; termination of a limited time; as the expiration of a month or year; the expiration of a term of years; the expiration of a lease; the expiration of a contract or agreement."], "expire": ["EXPI'RE, v.t. L. expiro, for exspiro; ex and spiro, to breathe.", "1. To breathe out; to throw out the breath from the lungs; opposed to inspire. We expire air at every breath.", "2. To exhale; to emit in minute particles, as a fluid or volatile matter. The earth expires a damp or warm vapor; the body expires fluid matter from the pores; plants expire odors.", "3. To conclude.", "EXPI'RE, v.i. To emit the last breath, as an animal; to die; to breathe the last.", "1. To perish; to end; to fail or be destroyed; to come to nothing; to be frustrated.", "With the loss of battle all his hopes of empire expired.", "2. To fly out; to be thrown out with force. Unusual.", "The ponderous ball expires.", "3. To come to an end; to cease; to terminate; to close or conclude,as a given period. A lease will expire on the first of May. The year expires on Monday. The contract will expire at Michaelmas. The days had not expired.", "When forty years had expired. Act 7."], "expiring": ["EXPI'RING, ppr. Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.", "1. Pertaining to or uttered at the time of dying; as expiring words; expiring groans."], "exploit": ["EXPLOIT', n.", "1. A deed or act; more especially, a heroic act; a deed of renown; a great or noble achievement; as the exploits of Alexander, of Caesar, of Washington. Exploiture, in a like sense, is not in use.", "2. In a ludicrous sense, a great act of wickedness.", "EXPLOIT', v.t. To achieve. Not in use."], "expound": ["EXPOUND', v.t. L. expono; ex and pono, to set.", "1. To explain; to lay open the meaning; to clear of obscurity; to interpret; as, to expound a text of scripture; to expound a law.", "2. To lay open; to examine; as, to expound the pocket. Not used."], "expounded": ["EXPOUND'ED, pp. Explained; laid open; interpreted."], "expounder": ["EXPOUND'ER, n. An explainer; one who interprets or explains the meaning."], "expounding": ["EXPOUND'ING, ppr. Explaining; laying open; making clear to the understanding; interpreting."], "express": ["EXPRESS', v.t. L. expressum, exprimo; ex and premo, to press. See Press.", "1. To press or squeeze out; to force out by pressure; as, to express the juice of grapes or of apples.", "2. To utter; to declare in words; to speak. He expressed his ideas or his meaning with precision. His views were expressed in very intelligible terms.", "3. To write or engrave; to represent in written words or language. The covenants in the deed are well expressed.", "4. To represent; to exhibit by copy or resemblance.", "So kids and whelps their sires and dams express.", "5. To represent or show by imitation or the imitative arts; to form a likeness; as in painting or sculpture.", "Each skilful artist shall express thy form.", "6. To show or make known; to indicate.", "A downcast eye or look may express humility, shame or guilt.", "7. To denote; to designate.", "Moses and Aaron took these men, who are expressed by their names. Num.1.", "8. To extort; to elicit. Little used.", "EXPRESS', a. Plain; clear; expressed; direct not ambiguous. We are informed in express terms or words. The terms of the contract are express.", "1. Given in direct terms; not implied or left to inference. This is the express covenant or agreement. We have his express consent. We have an express law on the subject. Express warranty; express malice.", "2. Copied; resembling; bearing an exact representation.", "His face express.", "3. Intended or sent for a particular purpose, or on a particular errand; as, to send a messenger express.", "EXPRESS', n. A messenger sent on a particular errand or occasion; usually, a courier sent to communicate information of an important event, or to deliver; important dispatches. It is applied also to boats or vessels sent to convey important information.", "1. A message sent.", "2. A declaration in plain terms. Not in use."], "expressed": ["EXPRESS'ED, pp. Squeezed or forced out, as juice or liquor; uttered in words; set down in writing or letters; declared; represented; shown."], "expressible": ["EXPRESS'IBLE, a. That may be expressed; that may be uttered, declared, shown or represented.", "1. That may be squeezed out."], "expressing": ["EXPRESS'ING, ppr. Forcing out by pressure; uttering; declaring; showing; representing."], "expression": ["EXPRES'SION, n. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure, as juices and oils from plants.", "1. The act of uttering, declaring or representing; utterance; declaration; representation; as an expression of the public will.", "2. A phrase, or mode of speech; as an old expression; an odd expression.", "3. In rhetoric, elocution; diction; the peculiar manner of utterance, suited to the subject and sentiment.", "No adequate description can be given of the nameless and ever varying shades of expression which real pathos gives to the voice.", "4. In painting, a natural and lively representation of the subject; as the expression of the eye, of the countenance, or of a particular action or passion.", "5. In music, the tone, grace or modulation of voice or sound suited to any particular subject; that manner which gives life and reality to ideas and sentiments.", "6. Theatrical expression, is a distinct, sonorous and pleasing pronunciation, accompanied with action suited to the subject."], "expressive": ["EXPRESS'IVE, a. Serving to express; serving to utter or represent; followed by of. He sent a letter couched in terms expressive of his gratitude.", "Each verse so swells expressive of her woes.", "1. Representing with force; emphatical.", "These words are very expressive.", "2. Showing; representing; as an expressive sign."], "expressively": ["EXPRESS'IVELY, adv. In an expressive manner; clearly; fully; with a clear representation."], "expressiveness": ["EXPRESS'IVENESS, n. The quality of being expressive; the power of expression or representation by words.", "1. The power or force of representation; the quality of presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the mind; as the expressiveness of the eye, or of the features, or of sounds."], "expressly": ["EXPRESS'LY, adv. In direct terms; plainly."], "extend": ["EXTEND', v.t. L. extendo; ex and tendo, teneo.", "1. To stretch in any direction; to carry forward, or continue in length, as a line; to spread in breadth; to expand or dilate in size. The word is particularly applied to length and breadth. We extend lines in surveying; we extend roads, limits, bounds; we extend metal plates by hammering.", "2. To stretch; to reach forth; as, to extend the arm of hand.", "3. To spread; to expand; to enlarge; to widen; as, to extend the capacities, or intellectual powers; to extend the sphere of usefulness; to extend commerce.", "4. To continue; to prolong; as, to extend the time of payment; to extend the season of trial.", "5. To communicate; to bestow on; to use or exercise towards.", "He hath extended mercy to me before the king. Ezra 7.", "6. To impart; to yield or give.", "I will extend peace to her like a river. Is.66.", "7. In law, to value lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; or to levy on lands, as an execution.", "The execution was delivered to the sheriff, who extended the same on certain real estate.", "EXTEND', v.i. To stretch; to reach; to be continued in length or breadth. The state of Massachusetts extends west to the border of the state of New York. Connecticut river extends from Canada to the sound. How far will your argument or proposition extend? Let our charities extend to the heathen."], "extended": ["EXTEND'ED, pp. Stretched; spread; expanded; enlarged; bestowed on; communicated; valued under a writ of extendi facias; levied."], "extender": ["EXTEND'ER, n. He or that which extends or stretches."], "extendible": ["EXTEND'IBLE, a. Capable of being extended; that may be stretched, extended, enlarged, widened or expanded.", "1. That may be taken by a writ of extent and valued."], "extending": ["EXTEND'ING, ppr. Stretching; reaching; continuing in length; spreading; enlarging; valuing."], "extinct": ["EXTINCT', a. L. extinctus. See Extinguish.", "1. Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, fire, light or a lamp is extinct.", "2. Being at an end; having no survivor; as, a family or race is extinct.", "3. Being at an end; having ceased. The enmity between the families is extinct.", "My days are extinct. Job.17.", "4. Being at an end, by abolition or disuse; having no force; as, the law is extinct."], "extinction": ["EXTINC'TION, n. L. extinctio. See Extinguish.", "1. The act of putting out or destroying light or fire, by quenching, suffocation or otherwise.", "2. The state of being extinguished, quenched or suffocated; as the extinction of fire or of a candle.", "3. Destruction; excision; as the extinction of nations.", "4. Destruction; suppression; a putting an end to; as the extinction of life, or of a family; the extinction of feuds, jealousies or enmity; the extinction of a claim."], "extol": ["EXTOL', v.t. L. extollo; ex and tollo, to raise.", "To raise in words or eulogy; to praise; to exalt in commendation; to magnify. We extol virtues, noble exploits, and heroism. Men are too much disposed to extol the rich and despise the poor.", "Extol him that rideth upon the heavens by his name Jah. Ps. 68."], "extolled": ["EXTOL'LED, ppr. Exalted in commendation; praised; magnified."], "extoller": ["EXTOL'LER, n. One who praises or magnifies; a praiser or magnifier."], "extolling": ["EXTOL'LING, ppr. Praising; exalting by praise or commendation; magnifying."], "extort": ["EXTORT', v.t. L. extortus, from extorqueo, to wrest from; ex and torqueo, to twist.", "1. To draw from by force or compulsion; to wrest or wring from by physical force, by menace, duress, violence, authority, or by an illegal means. Conquerors extort contributions from the vanquished; tyrannical princes extort money from their subjects; officers often extort illegal fees; confessions of guilt are extorted by the rack. A promise extorted by duress is not binding.", "2. To gain by violence or oppression.", "EXTORT', v.i. To practice extortion."], "extorted": ["EXTORT'ED, pp. Drawn from by compulsion; wrested from."], "extorter": ["EXTORT'ER, n. One who extorts, or practices extortion."], "extorting": ["EXTORT'ING, ppr. Wresting from by force or undue exercise of power."], "extortion": ["EXTOR'TION, n. The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting any thing from a person by force,duress, menaces, authority,or by any undue exercise of power; illegal exaction; illegal compulsion to pay money, or to do some other act. Extortion is an offense punishable at common law.", "1. Force or illegal compulsion by which any thing is taken from a person."], "extortioner": ["EXTOR'TIONER, n. One who practices extortion.", "Extortioners shall not inherit the kingdom of God. 1 Cor.6."], "extreme": ["EXTRE'ME, a. L. extremus, last. Outermost; utmost; farthest; at the utmost point, edge or border; as the extreme verge or point of a thing.", "1. Greatest; most violent; utmost; as extreme pain, grief, or suffering; extreme joy or pleasure.", "2. Last; beyond which there is none; as an extreme remedy.", "3. Utmost; worst or best that can exist or be supposed; as an extreme case.", "4. Most pressing; as extreme necessity.", "Extreme unction, among the Romanists, is the anointing of a sick person with oil, when decrepit with age or affected with some mortal disease, and usually just before death. It is applied to the eyes, ears, nostrils, mouth, hands, feet and reins of penitents, and is supposed to represent the grace of God poured into the soul.", "Extreme and mean proportion, in geometry, is when a line is so divided, that the whole line is to the greater segment, as the segment is to the less; or when a line is so divided, that the rectangle under the whole line and the lesser segment is equal to the square of the greater segment.", "EXTRE'ME, n. The utmost point or verge of a thing; that part which terminates a body; extremity.", "1. Utmost point; furthest degree; as the extremes of heat and cold; the extremes of virtue and vice. Avoid extremes. Extremes naturally beget each other.", "There is a natural progression from the extreme of anarchy to the extreme of tyranny.", "2. In logic, the extremes or extreme terms of a syllogism are the predicate and subject. Thus, \"man is an animal: Peter is a man, therefore Peter is an animal;\" the word animal is the greater extreme, and man the medium.", "3. In mathematics, the extremes are the first and last terms of a proportion; as, when three magnitudes are proportional, the rectangle contained by the extremes is equal contained by the extremes is equal to the square of the mean."], "extremely": ["EXTRE'MELY, adv. In the utmost degree; to the utmost point. It is extremely hot or cold; it is extremely painful.", "1. In familiar language, very much; greatly."], "extremity": ["EXTREM'ITY, n. L. extremitas. The utmost point or side; the verge; the point or border that terminates a thing; as the extremities of a country.", "1. The utmost parts. The extremities of the body, in painting and sculpture, are the head, hands and feet; but in anatomy, the term is applied to the limbs only.", "2. The utmost point; the highest or furthest degree; as the extremity of pain or suffering; the extremity of cruelty. Even charity and forbearance may be carried to extremity.", "3. Extreme or utmost distress, straits or difficulties; as a city besieged and reduced to extremity.", "4. The utmost rigor or violence. The Greeks have endured oppression in its utmost extremity.", "5. The most aggravated state.", "The world is running after farce,the extremity of bad poetry."], "ey": ["EY, in old writers, Sax. ig, signifies an isle."], "eye": ["EYE, n. pronounced as I. L. oculus, a diminutive. The old English plural was eyen, or eyne.", "1. The organ of sight or vision; properly, the globe or ball movable in the orbit. The eye is nearly of a spherical figure, and composed of coats or tunics. But in the term eye, we often or usually include the ball and the parts adjacent.", "2. Sight; view; ocular knowledge; as, I have a man now in my eye. In this sense, the plural is more generally used.", "Before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you. Gal.3.", "3. Look; countenance.", "I'll say yon gray is not the morning's eye.", "4. Front; face.", "Her shall you hear disproved to your eyes.", "5. Direct opposition; as, to sail in the wind's eye.", "6. Aspect; regard; respect; view.", "Booksellers mention with respect the authors they have printed, and consequently have an eye to their own advantage.", "7. Notice; observation; vigilance; watch.", "After this jealousy, he kept a strict eye upon him.", "8. View of the mind; opinion formed by observation or contemplation.", "It hath, in their eye, no great affinity with the form of the church of Rome.", "9. Sight; view, either in a literal or figurative sense.", "10. Something resembling the eye in form; as the eye of a peacock's feather.", "11. A small hole or aperture; a perforation; as the eye of a needle.", "12. A small catch for a hook; as we say, hooks and eyes. in nearly the same sense, the word is applied to certain fastenings in the cordage of ships.", "13. The bud of a plant; a shoot.", "14. A small shade of color. Little used.", "Red with an eye of blue makes a purple.", "15. The power of perception.", "The eyes of your understanding being enlightened. Eph.1.", "16. Oversight; inspection.", "The eye of the master will do more work than both his hands.", "The eyes of a ship, are the parts which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly in the lower apartments.", "To set the eyes on, is to see; to have a sight of.", "To find favor in the eyes, is to be graciously received and treated.", "EYE, n. A brood; as an eye of pheasants.", "EYE, v.t. To fix the eye on; to look on; to view; to observe; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly, or with fixed attention.", "Eye nature's walks, shoot folly as it flies.", "EYE, v.i. To appear; to have an appearance."], "eyebrow": ["EY'EBROW, n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye."], "eyed": ["EY'ED, pp. Viewed; observed; watched.", "1. Having eyes; used in composition, as a dull-eyed man, ox-eyed Juno."], "eyelid": ["EY'ELID, n. The cover of the eye; that portion of movable skin with which an animal covers the eyeball, or uncovers it, at pleasure."], "eyesight": ["EY'ESIGHT, n. The sight of the eye; view; observation. Ps.18.", "Josephus sets this down from his own eyesight.", "1. The sense of seeing. His eyesight fails."], "fable": ["FABLE, n. L., Gr. The radical sense is that which is spoken or told.", "1. A feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or precept.", "Jothams fable of the trees is the oldest extant, and as beautiful as any made since.", "2. Fiction in general; as, the story is all a fable.", "3. An idle story; vicious or vulgar fictions.", "But refuse profane and old wives fables. 1 Timothy 4.", "4. The plot, or connected series of events, in an epic or dramatic poem.", "The moral is the first business of the poet; this being formed, he contrives such a design or fable as may be most suitable to the moral.", "5. Falsehood; a softer term for a lie.", "FABLE, v.i.", "1. To feign; to write fiction.", "Vain now the tales which fabling poets tell.", "2. To tell falsehoods; as, he fables not.", "FABLE, v.t. To feign; to invent; to devise and speak of, as true or real.", "The hell thou fablest."], "fabled": ["FABLED, pp.", "1. Feigned; invented, as stories.", "2. a. Told or celebrated in fables.", "Hail, fabled grotto."], "fabling": ["FABLING, ppr. Feigning; devising, as stories; writing or uttering false stories."], "face": ["FACE, n. L., to make.", "1. In a general sense, the surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the view of a spectator; as the face of the earth; the face of the waters.", "2. A part of the surface of a thing; or the plane surface of a solid. Thus, a cube or die has six faces an octahedron has eight faces.", "3. The surface of the fore part of an animals head, particularly of the human head; the visage.", "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Genesis 3.", "Joseph bowed himself with his face to the earth. Genesis 48.", "4. Countenance; cast of features; look; air of the face.", "We set the best face on it we could.", "5. The front of a thing; the forepart; the flat surface that presents itself first to view; as the face of a house. Ezekiel 41.", "6. Visible state; appearance.", "This would produce a new face of things in Europe.", "7. Appearance; look.", "Nor heaven, nor sea, their former face retained.", "His dialogue has the face of probability.", "8. State of confrontation. The witnesses were presented face to face.", "9. Confidence; boldness; impudence; a bold front.", "He has the face to charge others with false citations.", "10. Presence; sight; as in the phrases, before the face, in the face, to the face, from the face.", "11. The person.", "I had not thought to see thy face. Genesis 48.", "12. In scripture, face is used for anger or favor.", "Hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne. Revelations 6.", "Make thy face to shine on thy servant. Psalm 31.", "How long wilt thou hide thy face from me? Psalm 8.", "Hence, to seek the face, that is, to pray to, to seek the favor of.", "To set the face against, is to oppose.", "To accept ones face, is to show him favor or grant his request. So, to entreat the face, is to ask favor; but these phrases are nearly obsolete.", "13. A distorted form of the face; as in the phrase, to make faces, or to make wry faces.", "Face to face", "1. When both parties are present; as, to have accusers face to face. Acts 25.", "2. Nakedly; without the interposition of any other body.", "Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Corinthians 13."], "faced": ["FA'CED, pp. Covered in front. In composition, denoting the kind of face; as full-faced."], "facing": ["FA'CING, ppr. from face.", "1. Fronting; having the face towards; opposite.", "2. Covering the fore part.", "3. Turning the face.", "FA'CING, n. A covering in front for ornament or defense; as the facing of a fortification or of a garment."], "fade": ["FADE, a. Weak; slight; faint. Not in use.", "FADE, v.i.", "1. To lose color; to tend from a stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of the same color, or to lose a color entirely. A green leaf fades and becomes less green or yellow. Those colors are deemed the best, which are least apt to fade.", "2. To wither, as a plant; to decay.", "Ye shall be as an oak, whose leaf fadeth. Is. 1.", "3. To lose strength gradually; to vanish.", "When the memory is weak, ideas in the mind quickly fade.", "4. To lose luster; to grow dim.", "The stars shall fade away.", "5. To decay; to perish gradually.", "We all do fade as a leaf. Is. 64.", "An inheritance that fadeth not away. 1Pet. 1.", "6. To decay; to decline; to become poor and miserable.", "The rich man shall fade away in his ways. James 1.", "7. To lose strength, health or vigor; to decline; to grow weaker.", "8. To disappear gradually; to vanish.", "FADE, v.t. To cause to wither; to wear away; to deprive of freshness or vigor.", "No winter could his laurels fade.", "This is a man, old, wrinkled, faded, withered."], "faded": ["FA'DED, pp. Become less vivid, as color; withered; decayed; vanished."], "fading": ["FA'DING, ppr. See Fade.", "1. Losing color; becoming less vivid; decaying; declining; withering.", "2. a. Subject to decay; liable to lose freshness and vigor; liable to perish; not durable; transient; as a fading flower.", "FA'DING, n. Decay; loss of color, freshness or vigor."], "fail": ["FAIL, v.i. L. fallo; Gr. whence; Eng. felony. It seems to be allied to fall, fallow, pale, and many other words.", "1. To become deficient; to be insufficient; to cease to be abundant for supply; or to be entirely wanting. We say, in a dry season, the springs and streams fail, or are failing, before they are entirely exhausted. We say also, the springs failed, when they entirely ceased to flow. Crops fail wholly or partially.", "2. To decay; to decline; to sink; to be diminished. We say of a sick person, his strength fails daily.", "3. To decline; to decay; to sink; to become weaker; as, the patient fails every hour.", "4. To be extinct; to cease; to be entirely wanting; to be no longer produced.", "Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men. Ps. 12.", "5. To be entirely exhausted; to be wanting; to cease from supply.", "Money failed in the land of Egypt. Gen. 47.", "6. To cease; to perish; to be lost.", "Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail.", "7. To die.", "They shall all fail together. Isaiah 31.", "8. To decay; to decline; as, the sight fails in old age.", "9. To become deficient or wanting; as, the heart or the courage fails.", "10. To miss; not to produce the effect. the experiment was made with care, but failed, or failed to produce the effect, or failed of the effect.", "11. To be deficient in duty; to omit or neglect. the debtor failed to fulfil his promise.", "12. To miss; to miscarry; to be frustrated or disappointed. The enemy attacked the fort, but failed in his design, or failed of success.", "13. To be neglected; to fall short; not to be executed. the promises of a man of probity seldom fail.", "The soul or the spirit fails, when a person is discouraged. The eyes fail, when the desires and expectations are long delayed, and the person is disappointed.", "14. To become insolvent or bankrupt. When merchants and traders fail, they are said to become bankrupt. When other men fail, they are said to become insolvent.", "FAIL, v.t.", "1. To desert; to disappoint; to cease or to neglect or omit to afford aid, supply or strength. it is said, fortune never fails the brave. Our friends sometimes fail us, when we most need them. The aged attempt to walk, when their limbs fail them. In bold enterprises, courage should never fail the hero.", "2. to omit; not to perform.", "The inventive God, who never fails his part.", "3. to be wanting to.", "There shall never fail thee a man on the throne. 1Kings 2.", "In the transitive use of this verb there is really an ellipsis of from or to, or other word. In strictness, the verb is not transitive, and the passive particple is, I believe, never used.", "FAIL, n. Omission; non-performance.", "1. He will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites. Josh. 3.", "2. Miscarriage; failure; deficience; want; death.", "In these senses little used."], "failing": ["FA'ILING, ppr. Becoming deficient or insufficient; becoming weaker; decaying; declining; omitting; not executing or performing; miscarrying; neglecting; wanting; becoming bankrupt or insolvent.", "FA'ILING, n.", "1. The act of failing; deficiency; imperfection; lapse; fault. Failings, in a moral sense, are minor faults, proceeding rather from weakness of intellect or from carelessness, than from bad motives. But the word is often abusively applied to vices of a grosser kind.", "2. The act of failing or becoming insolvent."], "fain": ["FAIN, a.", "1. Glad; pleased; rejoiced. but the appropriate sense of the word is, glad or pleased to do something under some kind of necessity; that is, glad to evade evil or secure good. Thus, says Locke, \"The learned Castalio was fain to make trenches at Basil, to keep himself from starving.\" this appropriation of the word, which is modern, led Dr. Johnson into a mistake in defining the word. The proper signification is glad, joyful.", "FAIN, adv. Gladly; with joy or pleasure.", "He would fain flee out of his hand. Job 28.", "He would fain have filled his belly with husks. Luke 15.", "FAIN, v.i. to wish or desire. Not used."], "faining": ["FA'INING, ppr. wishing; desiring fondly.", "In his faining eye."], "faint": ["FAINT, a. L. vanus, whence to vanish. Eng. to wane.", "1. weak; languid; inclined to swoon; as, to be rendered faint by excessive evacuations.", "2. Weak; feeble; languid; exhausted; as faint with fatigue, hunger or thirst.", "3. Weak, as color; not bright or vivid; not strong; as a faint color; a faint red or blue; a faint light.", "4. Feeble; weak, as sound; not loud; as a faint sound; a faint voice.", "5. Imperfect; feeble; not striking; as a faint resemblance or image.", "6. Cowardly; timorous. A faint heart never wins a fair lady.", "7. Feeble; not vigorous; not active; as a faint resistance; a faint exertion.", "8. Dejected; depressed; dispirited.", "My heart is faint. Lam. 1.", "FAINT, v.i.", "1. To lose the animal functions; to lose strength and color, and become senseless and motionless; to swoon; sometimes with away. he fainted for loss of blood.", "On hearing the honor intended her, she fainted away.", "2. To become feeble; to decline or fail in strength and vigor; to be weak.", "If I send them away fasting to their own houses, they will faint by the way. Mark 8.", "3. To sink into dejection; to lose courage or spirit.", "Let not your hearts faint. Deut. 20.", "If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy strength is small. Prov. 24.", "4. To decay; to disappear; to vanish.", "Gilded clouds, while we gaze on them, faint before the eye.", "FAINT, v.t. To deject; to depress; to weaken. Unusual."], "fainting": ["FA'INTING, ppr. Falling into a swoon; failing; losing strength or courage; becoming feeble or timid.", "FA'INTING, n. A temporary loss of strength, color and respiration; syncope; deliquium; leipothymy; a swoon."], "faintness": ["FA'INTNESS, n.", "1. The state of being faint; loss of strength, color and respiration.", "2. Feebleness; languor; want of strength.", "3. Inactivity; want of vigor.", "4. Feebleness, as of color or light.", "5. Feebleness of representation; as faintness of description.", "6. Feebleness of mind; timorousness; dejection; irresolution.", "I will send a faintness into their hearts. Lev. 26."], "faints": ["FAINTS, n. plu. the gross fetid oil remaining after distillation, or a weak spirituous liquor that runs from the still in rectifying the low wines after the proof spirit is drawn off; also, the last runnings of all spirits distilled by the alembic."], "fainthearted": ["FAINTHEARTED, a. Cowardly; timorous; dejected; easily depressed, or yielding to fear.", "Fear not, neither be fainthearted. Is. 7."], "fair": ["FAIR, a.", "1. Clear; free from spots; free from a dark hue; white; as a fair skin; a fair complexion. hence,", "2. Beautiful; handsome; properly, having a handsome face.", "Thou art a fair woman to look upon. Gen. 12. Hence,", "3. Pleasing to the eye; handsome or beautiful in general.", "Thus was be fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches. Ezek. 31.", "4. Clear; pure; free from feculence or extraneous matter; as fair water.", "5. Clear; not cloudy or overcast; as fair weather; a fair sky.", "6. Favorable; prosperous; blowing in a direction towards the place of destination; as a fair wind at sea.", "7. Open; direct, as a way or passage. You are in a fair way to promotion. hence, likely to succeed. he stands as fair to succeed as any man.", "8. Open to attack or access; unobstructed; as a fair mark; a fair butt; fair in sight; in fair sight; a fair view.", "9. Open; frank; hones; hence, equal; just; equitable. My friend is a fair man; his offer is fair; his propositions are fair and honorable.", "10. Not effected by insidious or unlawful methods; not foul.", "He died a fair and natural death.", "11. Frank; candid; not sophistical or insidious; as a fair disputant.", "12. Honest; honorable; mild; opposed to insidious and compulsory; as, to accomplish a thing by fair means.", "13. Frank; civil; pleasing; not harsh.", "When fair words and good counsel will not prevail on us, we must be frighted into our duty.", "14. Equitable; just; erited.", "His doom is fair,", "That dust I am, and shall to dust return.", "15. Liberal; not narrow; as a fair livelihood.", "16. Plain; legible; as, the letter is written in a fair hand.", "17. Free from stain or blemish; unspotted; untarnished; as a fair character or fame.", "FAIR, adv.", "1. Openly; frankly; civilly; complaisantly.", "One of the company spoke him fair.", "2. Candidly; honestly; equitably; He promised fair.", "3. Happily; successfully.", "Now fair befall thee.", "4. On good terms; as, to keep fair with the world; to stand fair with one's companions.", "To bid fair, is to be likely, or to have a fair prospect.", "Fair and square, just dealing; honesty.", "FAIR, n.", "1. Elliptically, a fair woman; a handsome female. The fair, the female sex.", "2. Fairness; applied to things or persons. Not used.", "FAIR, n. L. forum, or feriae, a holiday, a day exempt from labor; Gr. to trade, whence, emporium, the primary sense of which is to pass.", "A stated market in a particular town or city; a stated meeting of buyers and sellers for trade. A fair is annual or more frequent. The privilege of holding fairs is granted by the king or supreme power. Among the most celebrated fairs in Europe are those of Frankfort and Leipsic in Germany; of Novi in the Milanese; of Riga and Archangel in Russia; of Lyons and St. Germain in France. In Great Britain many towns enjoy this privilege."], "fairing": ["FA'IRING, n. A present given at a fair."], "fairness": ["FA'IRNESS, n.", "1. Clearness; freedom from spots or blemishes; whiteness; as the fairness of skin or complexion.", "2. Clearness; purity; as the fairness of water.", "3. Freedom from stain or blemish; as the fairness of character or reputation.", "4. Beauty; elegance; as the fairness of form.", "5. Frankness; candor; hence, honesty; ingenuousness; as fairness in trade.", "6. Openness; candor; freedom from disguise, insidiousness or prevarication; as the fairness of an argument.", "7. Equality of terms; equity; as the fairness of a contract.", "8. Distinctness; freedom from blots or obscurity; as the fairness of hand-writing; the fairness of a copy."], "faith": ["FAITH, n. L. fides, fido, to trust; Gr. to persuade, to draw towards any thing, to conciliate; to believe, to obey. In the Greek Lexicon of Hederic it is said, the primitive signification of the verb is to bind and draw or lead, as signifies a rope or cable. But this remark is a little incorrect. The sense of the verb, from which that of rope and binding is derived, is to strain, to draw, and thus to bind or make fast. A rope or cable is that which makes fast. Heb.", "1. Belief; the assent of the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, resting on his authority and veracity, without other evidence; the judgment that what another states or testifies is the truth. I have strong faith or no faith in the testimony of a witness, or in what a historian narrates.", "2. The assent of the mind to the truth of a proposition advanced by another; belief, or probable evidence of any kind.", "3. In theology, the assent of the mind or understanding to the truth of what God has revealed. Simple belief of the scriptures, of the being and perfections of God, and of the existence, character and doctrines of Christ, founded on the testimony of the sacred writers, is called historical or speculative faith; a faith little distinguished from the belief of the existence and achievements of Alexander or of Cesar.", "4. Evangelical, justifying, or saving faith, is the assent of the mind to the truth of divine revelation, on the authority of God's testimony, accompanied with a cordial assent of the will or approbation of the heart; an entire confidence or trust in God's character and declarations, and in the character and doctrines of Christ, with an unreserved surrender of the will to his guidance, and dependence on his merits for salvation. In other words, that firm belief of God's testimony, and of the truth of the gospel, which influences the will, and leads to an entire reliance on Christ for salvation.", "Being justified by faith. Rom. 5.", "Without faith it is impossible to please God. Heb. 11.", "For we walk by faith, and not by sight. 2Cor. 5.", "With the heart man believeth to righteousness. Rom. 10.", "The faith of the gospel is that emotion of the mind, which is called trust or confidence, exercised towards the moral character of God, and particularly of the Savior.", "Faith is an affectionate practical confidence in the testimony of God.", "Faith is an affectionate practical confidence in the testimony of God.", "Faith is a firm, cordial belief in the veracity of God, in all the declarations of his word; or a full and affectionate confidence in the certainty of those things which God has declared, and because he has declared them.", "5. The object of belief; a doctrine or system of doctrines believed; a system of revealed truths received by christians.", "They heard only, that he who persecuted us in times past, now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed. Gal. 1.", "6. The promises of God, or his truth and faithfulness.", "shall their unbelief make the faith of God without effect? Rom. 3.", "7. An open profession of gospel truth.", "Your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world. Rom. 1.", "8. A persuasion or belief of the lawfulness of things indifferent.", "Hast thou faith? Have it to thyself before God. Rom 14.", "9. Faithfulness; fidelity; a strict adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises.", "Her failing, while her faith to me remains, I would conceal.", "Children in whom is no faith. Deut. 32.", "10. Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity. He violated his plighted faith.", "For you alone I broke my faith with injured Palamon.", "11. Sincerity; honesty; veracity; faithfulness. We ought in good faith, to fulfill all our engagements.", "12. Credibility or truth. Unusual.", "The faith of the foregoing narrative."], "faithed": ["FA'ITHED, a. Honest; sincere. Not used."], "faithful": ["FA'ITHFUL, a.", "1. Firm in adherence to the truth and to the duties of religion.", "Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. Rev. 2.", "2. Firmly adhering to duty; of true fidelity; loyal; true to allegiance; as a faithful subject.", "3. constant in the performance of duties or services; exact in attending to commands; as a faithful servant.", "4. Observant of compact, treaties, contracts, vows or other engagements; true to one's word. A government should be faithful to its treaties; individuals, to their word.", "5. True; exact; in conformity to the letter and spirit; as a faithful execution of a will.", "6. True to the marriage covenant; as a faithful wife or husband.", "7. Conformable to truth; as a faithful narrative or representation.", "8. Constant; not fickle; as a faithful lover or friend.", "9. True; worthy of belief. 2Tim. 2."], "faithfulness": ["FA'ITHFULNESS, n.", "1. Fidelity; loyalty; firm adherence to allegiance and duty; as the faithfulness of a subject.", "2. Truth; veracity; as the faithfulness of God.", "3. Strict adherence to injunctions, and to the duties of a station; as the faithfulness of servants or ministers.", "4. Strict performance of promises, vows or covenants; constancy in affection; as the faithfulness of a husband or wife."], "faithfully": ["FA'ITHFULLY, adv.", "1. In a faithful manner; with good faith.", "2. With strict adherence to allegiance and duty; applied to subjects.", "3. With strict observance of promises, vows, covenants or duties; without failure of performance; honestly; exactly. The treaty or contract was faithfully executed.", "4. Sincerely; with strong assurances; he faithfully promised.", "5. Honestly; truly; without defect, fraud, trick or ambiguity. The battle was faithfully described or represented.", "They suppose the nature of things to be faithfully signified by their names.", "6. Confidently; steadily."], "faithless": ["FA'ITHLESS, a.", "1. Without belief in the revealed truths of religion; unbelieving.", "O faithless generation. Math 18.", "2. Not believing; not giving credit to.", "3. Not adhering to allegiance or duty; disloyal; perfidious; treacherous; as a faithless subject.", "4. Not true to a master or employer; neglectful; as a faithless servant.", "5. Not true to the marriage covenant; false; as a faithless husband or wife.", "6. Not observant of promises.", "7. Deceptive.", "Yonder faithless phantom."], "faithlessness": ["FA'ITHLESSNESS, n.", "1. Unbelief, as to revealed religion.", "2. Perfidy; treachery; disloyalty; as in subjects.", "3. Violation of promises or covenants; inconstancy; as of husband or wife."], "fall": ["FALL, v.i. pret. fell; pp. fallen. L. fallo, to fail, to deceive, Gr.; Heb. to fall. Fail agrees better with Heb., but these words may have had one primitive root, the sense of which was to move, to recede, to pass. See Foul.", "1. To drop from a higher place; to descend by the power of gravity alone. Rain falls from the clouds; a man falls from his horse; ripe fruits fall from trees; an ox falls into a pit.", "I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke 10.", "2. To drop from an erect posture.", "I fell at his feet to worship him. Rev. 19.", "3. To disembogue; to pass at the outlet; to flow out of its channel into a pond, lake or sea, as a river. The Rhone falls into the Mediterranean sea. The Danube falls into the Euxine. The Mississippi falls into the gulf of Mexico.", "4. To depart from the faith, or from rectitude; to apostatize. Adam fell by eating the forbidden fruit.", "Labor to enter into that rest, lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief. Heb. 4.", "5. To die; particularly by violence.", "Ye shall chase your enemies, and they shall fall before you by the sword. Lev. 26.", "A thousand shall fall at thy side. Ps. 91.", "6. To come to an end suddenly; to vanish; to perish.", "The greatness of these Irish lords suddenly fell and vanished.", "7. To be degraded; to sink into disrepute or disgrace; to be plunged into misery; as, to fall from an elevated station, or from a prosperous state.", "8. To decline in power, wealth or glory; to sink into weakness; to be overthrown or ruined. This is the renowned Tyre; but oh, how fallen.", "Heaven and earth will witness, if Rome must fall, that we are innocent.", "9. To pass into a worse state than the former; to come; as, to fall into difficulties; to fall under censure of imputation; to fall into error or absurdity; to fall into a snare. In these and similar phrases, the sense of suddenness, accident or ignorance is often implied; but not always.", "10. To sink; to be lowered. The mercury in a thermometer rises and falls with the increase and diminution of heat. The water of a river rises and falls. The tide falls.", "11. To decrease; to be diminished in weight or value. The price of goods falls with plenty and rises with scarcity. Pliny tells us, the as fell from a pound to two ounces in the first Punic war.", "12. To sink; not to amount to the full.", "The greatness of finances and revenue doth fall under computation.", "13. To be rejected; to sink into disrepute.", "This book must stand or fall with thee.", "14. To decline from violence to calmness from intensity to remission. The wind falls and a calm succeeds.", "At length her fury fell.", "15. To pass into a new state of body or mind; to become; as, to fall asleep; to fall distracted; to fall sick; to fall into rage or passion; to fall in love; to fall into temptation.", "16. To sink into an air of dejection, discontent, anger, sorrow or shame; applied to the countenance or look.", "Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Gen. 4.", "I have observed of late thy looks are fallen.", "17. To happen; to befall; to come.", "Since this fortune falls to you.", "18. To light on; to come by chance.", "The Romans fell on this model by chance.", "19. To come; to rush on; to assail.", "Fear and dread shall fall on them. Ex. 15.", "And fear fell on them all. Act. 19.", "20. To come; to arrive.", "The vernal equinox, which at the Nicene council fell on the 21st of March, falls now about ten days sooner.", "21. To come unexpectedly.", "It happened this evening that we fell into a pleasing walk.", "22. To begin with haste, ardor or vehemence; to rush or hurry to. They fell to blows.", "The mixt multitude fell to lusting. Num. 11.", "23. To pass or be transferred by chance, lot, distribution, inheritance or otherwise, as possession or property. The estate or the province fell to his brother. The kingdom fell into the hands of his rival. A large estate fell to his heirs.", "24. To become the property of; to belong or appertain to.", "If to her share some female errors fall.", "Look in her face; and you'll forget them all.", "25. To be dropped or uttered carelessly. Some expressions fell from him. An unguarded expression fell from his lips. Not a word fell from him on the subject.", "26. To sink; to languish; to become feeble or faint. Our hopes and fears rise and fall with good or ill success.", "27. To be brought forth. Take care of lambs when they first fall.", "28. To issue; to terminate.", "Sit still, my daughter, till thou knowest how the matter will fall. Ruth 3.", "To fall aboard of, to strike against another ship.", "To fall astern, to move or be driven backward; or to remain behind. A ship falls astern by the force of a current, or when outsailed by another.", "1. To fall away, to lose flesh; to become lean or emaciated; to pine.", "2. To renounce or desert allegiance; to revolt or rebel.", "3. To renounce or desert the faith; to apostatize; to sink into wickedness.", "These for awhile believe, and in time of temptation fall away. Luke 8.", "4. To perish; to be ruined; to be lost.", "How can the soul - fall away into nothing.", "5. To decline gradually; to fade; to languish, or become faint.", "One color falls away by just degrees, and another rises insensibly.", "1. To fall back, to recede; to give way.", "2. To fail of performing a promise or purpose; not to fulfill.", "To fall calm, to cease to blow; to become calm.", "1. To fall down, to prostrate one's self in worship.", "All nations shall fall down before him. Ps. 72.", "2. To sink; to come to the ground.", "Down fell the beauteous youth.", "3. To bend or bow as a suppliant. Isaiah 14.", "4. To sail or pass towards the mouth of a river, or other outlet.", "To fall foul, to attack; to make an assault.", "1. To fall from, to recede from; to depart; not to adhere; as, to fall from an agreement or engagement.", "2. To depart from allegiance or duty; to revolt.", "1. To fall in, to concur; to agree with. The measure falls in with popular opinion.", "2. To comply; to yield to.", "You will find it difficult to persuade learned men to fall in with your projects.", "3. To come in; to join; to enter. Fall into the ranks; fall in on the right.", "To fall in with, to meet, as a ship; also, to discover or come near, as land.", "1. To fall off, to withdraw; to separate; to be broken or detached. friends fall off in adversity.", "Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide.", "2. To perish; to die away. Words fall off by disuse.", "3. To apostatize; to forsake; to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty.", "Those captive tribes fell off from God to worship calves.", "4. To forsake; to abandon. His subscribers fell off.", "5. To drop. Fruits fall off when ripe.", "6. To depreciate; to depart from former excellence; to become less valuable or interesting. The magazine or the review falls off; it has fallen off.", "7. To deviate or depart from the course directed, or to which the head of the ship was before directed; to fall to leeward.", "1. To fall on, to begin suddenly and eagerly.", "Fall on, and try thy appetite to eat.", "2. To begin an attack; to assault; to assail.", "Fall on, fall on and hear him not.", "3. To drop on; to descend on.", "1. To fall out, to quarrel; to begin to contend.", "A soul exasperated in ills, falls out with every thing, its friend, itself -", "2. To happen; to befall; to chance.", "There fell out a bloody quarrel betwixt the frogs and the mice.", "1. To fall over, to revolt; to desert from one side to another.", "2. To fall beyond.", "To fall short, to be deficient. The corn falls short. We all fall short in duty.", "1. To fall to, to begin hastily and eagerly.", "Fall to, with eager joy, on homely food.", "2. To apply one's self to. He will never after fall to labor.", "They fell to raising money, under pretense of the relief of Ireland.", "1. To fall under, to come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to. They fell under the jurisdiction of the emperor.", "2. To come under; to become the subject of. This point did not fall under the cognizance or deliberations of the court. These things do not fall under human sight or observation.", "3. To come within; to be ranged or reckoned with. These substances fall under a different class or order.", "1. To upon, to attack. See to fall on.", "2. To rush against.", "Fall primarily denotes descending motion, either in a perpendicular or inclined direction, and in most of its applications, implies literally or figuratively velocity, haste, suddenness or violence. Its use is so various and so much diversified by modifying words, that it is not easy to enumerate its senses in all its applications.", "FALL, v.t.", "1. To let fall; to drop. And fall thy edgeless sword. I am willing to fall this argument.", "This application is obsolete.", "2. To sink; to depress; as, to raise or fall the voice.", "3. To diminish; to lessen or lower; as, to fall the price of commodities. Little used.", "4. To bring forth; as, to fall lambs. Little used.", "5. To fell; to cut down; as, to fall a tree. This use is now common in America, and fell and fall are probably from a common root.", "FALL, n.", "1. The act of dropping or descending from a higher to a lower place by gravity; descent; as a fall from a horse or from the yard of a ship.", "2. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture. he was walking on ice and had a fall.", "3. Death; destruction; overthrow.", "Our fathers had a great fall before our enemies.", "4. Ruin; destruction.", "They conspire thy fall.", "5. Downfall; degradation; loss of greatness or office; as the fall of Cardinal Wolsey.", "Behold thee glorious only in thy fall.", "6. Declension of greatness, power or dominion; ruin; as the fall of the Roman empire.", "7. Diminution; decrease of price or value; depreciation; as the fall of prices; the fall of rents; the fall of interest.", "8. Declination of sound; a sinking of tone; cadence; as the fall of the voice at the close of a sentence.", "9. Declivity; the descent of land or a hill; a slope.", "10. Descent of water; a cascade; a cataract; a rush of water down a steep place; usually in the plural; sometimes in the singular; as the falls of Niagara, or the Mohawk; the fall of the Hoosatonuc at Canaan. Fall is applied to a perpendicular descent, or to one that is very steep. When the descent is moderate, we name it rapids. Custom, however, sometimes deviates from this rule, and the rapids of rivers are called falls.", "11. The outlet or discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond; as the fall of the Po into the gulf of Venice.", "12. Extent of descent; the distance which any thing falls; as, the water of a pond has a fall of five feet.", "13. The fall of the leaf; the season when leaves fall from trees; autumn.", "14. That which falls; a falling; as a fall of rain or snow.", "15. The act of felling or cutting down; as the fall of timber.", "16. Fall, or the fall, by way of distinction, the apostasy; the act of our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit; also, the apostasy of the rebellious angels.", "17. Formerly, a kind of vail.", "18. In seamen's language, the loose end of a tackle.", "19. In Great Britain, a term applied to several measures, linear, superficial and solid."], "falling": ["FALL'ING, ppr. Descending; dropping; disemboguing; apostatizing; declining; decreasing; sinking; coming.", "FALL'ING,"], "fallen": ["FALL'EN, pp. or a. Dropped; descended; degraded; decreased; ruined."], "fallow": ["FAL'LOW, a. L. fulvus; qu. helvus, for felvus. This word may be from the root of fail, fallo; so called from the fading color of autumnal leaves, or from failure, withering. Hence also the sense of unoccupied, applied to land.", "1. Pale red or pale yellow; as a fallow deer.", "2. Unsowed; not tilled; left to rest after a year or more of tillage; as fallow ground; a fallow field.", "Break up your fallow ground. Jer. 4.", "3. Left unsowed after plowing. The word is applied to the land after plowing.", "4. Unplowed; uncultivated.", "5. Unoccupied; neglected. Not in use.", "Let the cause lie fallow.", "FAL'LOW, n.", "1. Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded. It is also called fallow when plowed without being sowed.", "The plowing of fallows is a benefit to land.", "2. The plowing or tilling of land, without sowing it, for a season. Summer fallow, properly conducted, has ever been found a sure method of destroying weeds.", "By a complete summer fallow, land is rendered tender and mellow. The fallow gives it a better tilth, than can be given by a fallow crop.", "A green fallow, in England, is that where land is rendered mellow and clean from weeks, by means of some green crop, as turnips, potatoes, &c.", "FAL'LOW, v.i. To fade; to become yellow. Obs.", "FAL'LOW, v.t. To plow, harrow and break land without seeding it, for the purpose of destroying weeds and insects, and rendering it mellow. It is found for the interest of the farmer to fallow cold, strong, clayey land."], "fallowed": ["FAL'LOWED, pp. Plowed and harrowed for a season, without being sown."], "fallowing": ["FAL'LOWING, ppr. Plowing and harrowing land without sowing it.", "FAL'LOWING, n. The operation of plowing and harrowing land without sowing it. Fallowing is found to contribute to the destruction of snails and other vermin."], "fallowness": ["FAL'LOWNESS, n. A fallow state; barrenness; exemption from bearing fruit."], "false": ["FALSE, a. L. falsus, from fallo, to deceive. See Fall and Fail.", "1. Not true; not conformable to fact; expressing what is contrary to that which exists, is done, said or thought. A false report communicates what is not done or said. A false accusation imputes to a person what he has not done or said. A false witness testifies what is not true. A false opinion is not according to truth or fact. The word is applicable to any subject, physical or moral.", "2. Not well founded; as a false claim.", "3. Not true; not according to the lawful standard; as a false weight or measure.", "4. Substituted for another; succedaneous; supposititious; as a false bottom.", "5. Counterfeit; forged; not genuine; as false coin; a false bill or note.", "6. Not solid or sound; deceiving expectations; as a false foundation", "False and slippery ground.", "7. Not agreeable to rule or propriety; as false construction in language.", "8. Not honest or just; not fair; as false play.", "9. Not faithful or loyal; treacherous; perfidious; deceitful. The king's subjects may prove false to him. So we say, a false heart.", "10. Unfaithful; inconstant; as a false friend; a false lover; false to promises and vows.", "The husband and wife proved false to each other.", "11. Deceitful; treacherous; betraying secrets.", "12. Counterfeit; not genuine or real; as a false diamond.", "13. Hypocritical; feigned; made or assumed for the purpose of deception; as false tears; false modesty. The man appears in false colors. The advocate gave the subject a false coloring.", "False fire, a blue flame, made by the burning of certain combustibles, in a wooden tube; used as a signal during the night.", "False imprisonment, the arrest and imprisonment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to law; or the unlawful detaining of a person in custody.", "FALSE, adv. Not truly; not honestly; falsely.", "FALSE, v.t.", "1. To violate by failure of veracity; to deceive. Obs.", "2. To defeat; to balk; to evade. Obs."], "falsely": ["FALSELY, adv. fols'ly.", "1. In a manner contrary to truth and fact; not truly; as, to speak or swear falsely; to testify falsely.", "2. Treacherously; perfidiously.", "Swear to me - that thou wilt not deal falsely with me.", "Gen. 21.", "3. Erroneously; by mistake."], "falseness": ["FALSENESS, n. fols'ness.", "1. Want of integrity and veracity, either in principle or in act; as the falseness of a man's heart, or his falseness to his word.", "2. Duplicity; deceit; double-dealing.", "3. Unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy; traitorousness.", "The prince is in no danger of being betrayed by the falseness, or cheated by the avarice of such a servant."], "falsehood": ["FALSEHOOD, n. fols'hood. false and hood.", "1. Contrariety or inconformity to fact or truth; as the falsehood of a report.", "2. Want of truth or veracity; a lie; an untrue assertion.", "3. Want of honesty; treachery; deceitfulness; perfidy.", "But falsehood is properly applied to things only. See falseness.", "4. Counterfeit; false appearance; imposture."], "falsifiable": ["FALS'IFIABLE, a. from falsify. That may be falsified, counterfeited or corrupted."], "falsified": ["FALS'IFIED, pp. Counterfeited."], "falsifier": ["FALS'IFIER, n.", "1. One who counterfeits, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance; or one who makes false coin.", "2. One who invents falsehood; a liar.", "3. One who proves a thing to be false."], "falsify": ["FALS'IFY, v.t.", "1. To counterfeit; to forge; to make something false, or in imitation of that which is true; as, to falsify coin.", "The Irish bards use to falsify every thing.", "2. To disprove; to prove to be false; as, to falsify a record.", "3. To violate; to break by falsehood; as, to falsify one's faith or word.", "4. To show to be unsound, insufficient or not proof. Not in use.", "His ample shield is falsified.", "FALS'IFY, v.i. To tell lies; to violate the truth.", "It is universally unlawful to lie and falsify."], "falsifying": ["FALS'IFYING, ppr. Counterfeiting; forging; lying; proving to be false; violating."], "fame": ["FAME, n. L. fama; Gr. from to speak.", "1. Public report or rumor.", "The fame thereof was heard in Pharaoh's house, saying, Joseph's brethren are come. Gen. 14.", "2. Favorable report; report of good or great actions; report that exalts the character; celebrity; renown; as the fame of Howard or of Washington; the fame of Solomon.", "And the fame of Jesus went throughout all Syria. Matt. 4.", "FAME, v.t.", "1. To make famous.", "2. To report."], "famed": ["FA'MED, a. Much talked of; renowned; celebrated; distinguished and exalted by favorable reports. Aristides was famed for learning and wisdom, and Cicero for eloquence.", "He is famed for mildness, peace and prayer."], "familiar": ["FAMIL'IAR, a. famil'yar. L. familiaris, familia, family, which see.", "1. Pertaining to a family; domestic.", "2. Accustomed by frequent converse; well acquainted with; intimate; close; as a familiar friend or companion.", "3. Affable; not formal or distant; easy in conversation.", "Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar.", "4. Well acquainted with; knowing by frequent use. Be familiar with the scriptures.", "5. Well known; learned or well understood by frequent use. Let the scriptures be familiar to us.", "6. Unceremonious; free; unconstrained; easy. The emperor conversed with the gentleman in the most familiar manner.", "7. Common; frequent and intimate. By familiar intercourse, strong attachments are soon formed.", "8. Easy; unconstrained; not formal. His letters are written in a familiar style.", "He sports in loose familiar strains.", "9. Intimate in an unlawful degree.", "A poor man found a priest familiar with his wife.", "FAMIL'IAR, n.", "1. An intimate; a close companion; one long acquainted; one accustomed to another by free, unreserved converse.", "All my familiars watched for my halting. Jer. 20.", "2. A demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at a call. But in general we say, a familiar spirit.", "3. In the court of Inquisition, a person who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the accused."], "familiarity": ["FAMILIAR'ITY, n.", "1. Intimate and frequent converse, or association in company. The gentlemen lived in remarkable familiarity. Hence,", "2. Easiness of conversation; affability; freedom from ceremony.", "3. Intimacy; intimate acquaintance; unconstrained intercourse."], "familiarize": ["FAMIL'IARIZE, v.t.", "1. To make familiar or intimate; to habituate; to accustom; to make well known, by practice or converse; as, to familiarize one's self to scenes of distress.", "2. To make easy by practice or customary use, or by intercourse.", "3. To bring down from a state of distant superiority.", "The genius smiled on me with a look of compassion and affability that familiarized him to my imagination."], "familiarized": ["FAMIL'IARIZED, pp. Accustomed; habituated; made easy by practice, custom or use."], "familiarizing": ["FAMIL'IARIZING, ppr. Accustoming; rendering easy by practice, custom or use."], "family": ["FAM'ILY, n. L. familia.", "1. The collective body of persons who live in one house and under one head or manager; a household, including parents, children and servants, and as the case may be, lodgers or boarders.", "2. Those who descend from one common progenitor; a tribe or race; kindred; lineage. Thus the Israelites were a branch of the family of Abraham; and the descendants of Reuben, of Manasseh, &c., were called their families. The whole human race are the family of Adam, the human family.", "3. Course of descent; genealogy; line of ancestors.", "Go and complain thy family is young.", "4. Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock. He is a man of family.", "5. A collection or union of nations or states.", "The states of Europe were, by the prevailing maxims of its policy, closely united in one family.", "6. In popular language, an order, class or genus of animals or of other natural productions, having something in common, by which they are distinguished from others; as, quadrupeds constitute a family of animals, and we speak of the family or families of plants."], "famine": ["FAM'INE, n. L. fames.", "1. Scarcity of food; dearth; a general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants of a country or besieged place.", "There was a famine in the land. Gen. 26.", "2. Want; destitution; as a famine of the word of life."], "famish": ["FAM'ISH, v.t. L. fames.", "1. To starve; to kill or destroy with hunger.", "2. To exhaust the strength of, by hunger or thirst; to distress with hunger.", "The pains of famished Tantalus he'll feel.", "3. To kill by deprivation or denial of any thing necessary for life.", "FAM'ISH, v.i.", "1. To die of hunger. More generally,", "2. To suffer extreme hunger or thirst; to be exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish, for want of food or drink.", "You are all resolved rather to die, than to famish.", "3. To be distressed with want; to come near to perish by destitution.", "The Lord will not suffer the righteous to famish. Prov. 10."], "famished": ["FAM'ISHED, pp. Starved; exhausted by want of sustenance."], "famishing": ["FAM'ISHING, ppr. Starving; killing; perishing by want of food."], "famishment": ["FAM'ISHMENT, n. The pain of extreme hunger or thirst; extreme want of sustenance."], "famous": ["FA'MOUS, a. L. famosus. See Fame.", "1. Celebrated in fame or public report; renowned; much talked of and praised; distinguished in story.", "Two hundred and fifty princes of the assembly, famous in the congregation. Num. 16.", "It is followed by for. One man is famous for erudition; another, for eloquence; and another, for military skill.", "2. sometimes in a bad sense; as a famous counterfeiter; a famous pirate."], "famously": ["FA'MOUSLY, adv. With great renown or celebration.", "Then this land was famously enriched with politic grave counsel."], "famousness": ["FA'MOUSNESS, n. Renown; great fame; celebrity."], "fan": ["FAN, n. L. vannus.", "1. An instrument used by ladies to agitate the air and cool the face in warm weather. It is made of feathers, or of thin skin, paper or taffety mounted on sticks, &c.", "2. Something in the form of a woman's fan when spread, as a peacoc's tail, a window, &c.", "3. An instrument for winnowing grain, by moving which the grain is thrown up and agitated, and the chaff is separated and blown away.", "4. something by which the air is moved; a wing.", "5. An instrument to raise the fire or flame; as a fan to inflame love."], "fanned": ["FAN'NED, pp. Blown with a fan; winnowed; ventilated."], "fanning": ["FAN'NING, ppr. Blowing; ventilating."], "fanner": ["FAN'NER, n. One who fans."], "far": ["F'AR, a. L. porro; Gr. connected with, a way, a passing, to pass or go. See Fare.", "1. Distant, in any direction; separated by a wide space from the place where one is, or from any given place remote.", "They said, we are come from a far country. Jos. 9.", "The kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country. Matt. 25.", "The nation far and near contend in choice.", "2. Figuratively, remote from purpose; contrary to design or wishes; as, far be it from me to justify cruelty.", "3. Remote in affection or obedience; at enmity with; alienated; in a spiritual sense.", "They that are far from thee shall perish. Ps. 123.", "4. More or most distant of the two; as the far side of a horse. But the drivers of teams in New England generally use off; as the off side, or off horse or ox.", "F'AR, adv.", "1. To a great extent or distance of space; as the far extended ocean; we are separated far from each other.", "Only ye shall not go very far away. Ex. 8.", "2. figuratively, distantly in time from any point; remotely. He pushed his researches very far into antiquity.", "3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. How far will such reasoning lead us?", "4. In great part; as, the day is far spent.", "5. In a great proportion; by many degrees; very much.", "Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. Prov. 31.", "For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ, which is far better. Phil. 1.", "6. to a certain point, degree or distance. This argument is sound and logical, as far as it goes.", "Answer them how far forth you do like their articles.", "From far, from a great distance; from a remote place.", "Far from, at a great distance; as far from home; far from hope.", "1. Far off, at a great distance.", "They tarried in a place that was far off. 2Sam. 15.", "2. To a great distance.", "Lo then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness. Ps. 105.", "3. In a spiritual sense, alienated; at enmity; in a state of ignorance and alienation.", "Ye, who were sometime far off, are made nigh by the blood of Christ. Eph. 2.", "Far other, very different."], "farness": ["F'ARNESS, n. from far. Distance; remoteness."], "fare": ["FARE, v.i. This word may be connected in origin with the Heb. to go, to pass.", "1. To go; to pass; to move forward; to travel.", "So on he fares, and to the border comes of Eden.", "In this literal sense the word is not in common use.", "2. To be in any state, good or bad; to be attended with any circumstances or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate.", "So fares the stag among th' enraged hounds.", "So fared the knight between two foes.", "He fared very well; he fared very ill.", "Go further and fare worse. The sense is taken from going, having a certain course; hence, being subjected to a certain train of incidents. The rich man fared sumptuously every day. He enjoyed all the pleasure which wealth and luxury could afford. Luke 16.", "3. To feed; to be entertained. We fared well; we had a good table, and courteous treatment.", "4. To proceed in a train of consequences, good or bad.", "So fares it when with truth falsehood contends.", "5. To happen well or ill; with it impersonally. We shall see how it will fare with him.", "FARE, n.", "1. The price of passage or going; the sum paid or due, for conveying a person by land or water; as the fare for crossing a river, called also ferriage; the fare for conveyance in a coach; stage-fare. The price of conveyance over the ocean is now usually called the passage, or passage money. Fare is never used for the price of conveying goods; this is called freight or transportation.", "2. Food; provisions of the table. We lived on coarse fare, or we had delicious fare.", "3. The person conveyed in a vehicle. Not in use in United States."], "farewell": ["FA'REWELL, a compound of fare, in the imperative, and well. Go well; originally applied to a person departing, but by custom now applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left.", "The verb and adverb are often separated by the pronoun; fare you well; I wish you a happy departure; may you be well in your absence.", "It is sometimes an expression of separation only. Farewell the year; farewell ye sweet groves; that is, I take my leave of you.", "FA'REWELL, n.", "1. A wish of happiness or welfare at parting; the parting compliment; adieu.", "2. Leave; act of departure.", "And takes her farewell of the glorious sun.", "Before I take my farewell of the subject."], "farm": ["F'ARM, n.", "1. A tract of land leased on rent reserved; ground let to a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum annually or otherwise for the use of it. A farm is usually such a portion of land as is cultivated by one man, and includes the buildings and fences. Rents were formerly pain in provisions, or the produce of land; but now they are generally paid in money.", "This is the signification of farm in Great Britain, where most of the land is leased to cultivators.", "2. In the United States, a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of grass land, meadow, pasture, tillage and woodland, cultivated by one man and usually owned by him in fee. A like tract of land under lease is called a farm; but most cultivators are proprietors of the land, and called farmers.", "A tract of new land, covered with forest, if intended to be cultivated by one man as owner, is also called a farm. A man goes into the new States, or into the unsettled country, to buy a farm, that is, land for a farm.", "3. The state of land leased on rent reserved; a lease.", "It is great wilfulness in landlords to make any longer farms to their tenants.", "F'ARM, v.t.", "1. To lease, as land, on rent reserved; to let to a tenant on condition of paying rent.", "We are enforced to farm our royal realm.", "In this sense, I believe, the word is not used in America.", "2. To take at a certain rent or rate. Not used in America.", "3. To lease or let, as taxes, impost or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. It is customary in many countries for the prince or government to farm the revenues, the taxes or rents, the imposts and excise, to individuals, who are to collect and pay them to the government at a certain percentage or rate per cent.", "4. To take or hire for a certain rate per cent.", "5. To cultivate land.", "To farm let, or let to farm, is to lease on rent."], "farmed": ["F'ARMED, pp. Leased on rent; let out at a certain rate or price."], "farming": ["F'ARMING, ppr.", "1. Letting or leasing land on rent reserved, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent.", "2. Taking on lease.", "3. Cultivating land; carrying on the business of agriculture.", "F'ARMING, n. The business of cultivating land."], "farther": ["F'ARTHER, a. comp.", "1. More remote; more distant than something else.", "Let me add a farther truth.", "2. Longer; tending to a greater distance.", "Before our farther way the fates allow.", "F'ARTHER, adv.", "1. At or to a greater distance; more remotely; beyond. Let us rest with what we have, without looking farther.", "2. Moreover; by way of progression in a subject. Farther, let us consider the probable event.", "F'ARTHER, v.t. To promote; to advance; to help forward. little used."], "fartherance": ["F'ARTHERANCE, n. A helping forward; promotion. Not used."], "farthest": ["F'ARTHEST, a. superl. See Furthest.", "Most distant or remote; as the farthest degree.", "F'ARTHEST, adv. At or to the greatest distance. See Furthest."], "farthing": ["F'ARTHING, n.", "1. The fourth of a penny; a small copper coin of Great Britain, being the fourth of a penny in value. In America we have no coin of this kind. We however use the word to denote the fourth part of a penny in value, but the penny is of different value from the English penny, and different in different states. It is becoming obsolete, with the old denominations of money.", "2. Farthings, in the plural, copper coin.", "3. Very small price or value. It is not worth a farthing, that is, it is of very little worth, or worth nothing.", "4. A division of land. Not now used.", "Thirty acres make a farthing-land; nine farthings a Cornish acre; and four Cornish acres a knight's fee."], "fashion": ["FASH'ION, n. fash'on. L. facio, facies.", "1. The make or form of any thing; the state of any thing with regard to its external appearance; shape; as the fashion of the ark, or of the tabernacle.", "Or let me lose the fashion of a man.", "The fashion of his countenance was altered. Luke 9.", "2. Form; model to be imitated; pattern.", "King Ahaz sent to Urijah the priest the fashion of the altar. 2Kings 16.", "3. The form of a garment; the cut or shape of clothes; as the fashion of a coat or of a bonnet. Hence,", "4. The prevailing mode of dress or ornament. We import fashions from England, as the English often import them from France. What so changeable as fashion!", "5. Manner; sort; way; mode; applied to actions or behavior.", "Pluck Casca by the sleeve,", "And he will, after his sour fashion, tell you", "What hath proceeded.", "6. Custom; prevailing mode or practice. fashion is an inexorable tyrant, and most of the world its willing slaves.", "It was the fashion of the age to call every thing in question.", "Few enterprises are so hopeless as a contest with fashion.", "7. Genteel life or good breeding; as men of fashion.", "8. Any thing worn. Not used.", "9. Genteel company.", "10. Workmanship.", "FASH'ION, v.t. fash'on.", "1. To form; to give shape or figure to; to mold.", "Here the loud hammer fashions female toys.", "Aaron fashioned the calf with a graving tool. Ex. 32.", "Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, what makes thou? Is. 14.", "2. To fit; to adapt; to accommodate; with to.", "Laws ought to be fashioned to the manners and conditions of the people.", "3. To make according to the rule prescribed by custom.", "Fashioned plate sells for more than its weight.", "4. To forge or counterfeit. Not used."], "fashionable": ["FASH'IONABLE, a.", "1. Made according to the prevailing form or mode; as a fashionable dress.", "2. Established by custom or use; current; prevailing at a particular time; as the fashionable philosophy; fashionable opinions.", "3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode; dressing or behaving according to the prevailing fashion; as a fashionable man. Hence,", "4. Genteel; well bred; as fashionable company or society."], "fashionableness": ["FASH'IONABLENESS, n. The state of being fashionable; modish elegance; such appearance as is according to the prevailing custom."], "fashionably": ["FASH'IONABLY, adv. In a manner according to fashion, custom or prevailing practice; with modish elegance; as, to dress fashionably."], "fashioned": ["FASH'IONED, pp. Made; formed; shaped; fitted; adapted."], "fashioner": ["FASH'IONER, n. One who forms or gives shape to."], "fashioning": ["FASH'IONING, ppr. Forming; giving shape to; fitting; adapting."], "fast": ["F'AST, a.", "1. Literally, set, stopped, fixed, or pressed close. Hence, close; tight; as, make fast the door; take fast hold.", "2. Firm; immovable.", "Who by his strength, setteth fast the mountains. Ps. 115.", "3. Close; strong.", "Robbers and outlaws - lurking in woods and fast places.", "4. Firmly fixed; closely adhering; as, to stick fast in more; to make fast a rope.", "5. Close, as sleep; deep; sound; as a fast sleep.", "6. Firm in adherence; as a fast friend.", "Fast and loose, variable; inconstant; as, to play fast and loose.", "F'AST, adv. Firmly; immovably.", "We will bind thee fast, and deliver thee into their hand. Judges 15.", "F'AST, a. L. festino. The sense is to press, drive, urge, and it may be from the same root as the preceding word, with a different application.", "Swift; moving rapidly; quick in motion; as a fast horse.", "F'AST, adv. Swiftly; rapidly; with quick steps or progression; as, to run fast; to move fast through the water, as a ship; the work goes on fast.", "F'AST, v.i.", "1. To abstain from food, beyond the usual time; to omit to take the usual meals, for a time; as, to fast a day or a week.", "2. To abstain from food voluntarily, for the mortification of the body or appetites, or as a token of grief, sorrow and affliction.", "Thou didst fast and weep for the child. 2Sam. 12.", "When ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance. Matt. 6.", "3. To abstain from food partially, or from particular kinds of food; as, the Catholics fast in Lent.", "F'AST, n.", "1. Abstinence from food; properly a total abstinence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particular kinds of food, for a certain time.", "Happy were our forefathers, who broke their fasts with herbs.", "2. Voluntary abstinence from food, as a religious mortification or humiliation; either total or partial abstinence from customary food, with a view to mortify the appetites, or to express grief and affliction on account of some calamity, or to deprecate an expected evil.", "3. The time of fasting, whether a day, week or longer time. An annual fast is kept in New England, usually one day in the spring.", "The fast was now already past. Act. 27.", "F'AST, n. That which fastens or holds."], "fasting": ["F'ASTING, ppr. Abstaining from food.", "F'ASTING, n. The act of abstaining from food."], "fastness": ["F'ASTNESS, n.", "1. The state of being fast and firm; firm adherence.", "2. Strength; security.", "The places of fastness are laid open.", "3. A strong hold; a fortress or fort; a place fortified; a castle. The enemy retired to their fastnesses.", "4. Closeness; conciseness of style. Not used."], "fasten": ["F'ASTEN, v.t. f'asn.", "1. To fix firmly; to make fast or close; as, to fasten a chain to the feet, or to fasten the feet with fetters.", "2. To lock, bolt or bar; to secure; as, to fasten a door or window.", "3. To hold together; to cement or to link; to unite closely in any manner and by any means, as by cement, hooks, pins, nails, cords, &c.", "4. To affix or conjoin.", "The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with different ideas fastened to them. Not common.", "5. To fix; to impress.", "Thinking, by this face,", "To fasten in our thoughts that they have courage.", "6. To lay on with strength.", "Could he fasten a blow, or make a thrust, when not suffered to approach?", "F'ASTEN, v.i. To fasten on, is to fix one's self; to seize and hold on; to clinch.", "The leech will hardly fasten on a fish."], "fastened": ["F'ASTENED, pp. Made firm or fast; fixed firmly; impressed."], "fastener": ["F'ASTENER, n. One that makes fast or firm."], "fastening": ["F'ASTENING, ppr. Making fast.", "F'ASTENING, n. Any thing that binds and makes fast; or that which is intended for that purpose."], "fat": ["FAT, a.", "1. Fleshy; plump; corpulent; abounding with an oily concrete substance, as an animal body; the contrary to lean; as a fat man; a fat ox.", "2. Coarse; gross.", "Nay, added fat pollutions of our own.", "3. Dull; heavy; stupid; unteachable.", "Make the heart of this people fat. Is. 6.", "4. Rich; wealthy; affluent.", "These are terrible alarms to persons grown fat and wealthy.", "5. Rich; producing a large income; as a fat benefice.", "6. Rich; fertile; as a fat soil; or rich; nourishing; as fat pasture.", "7. Abounding in spiritual grace and comfort.", "They the righteous shall be fat and flourishing. Ps. 42.", "FAT, n.", "1. An oily concrete substance, deposited in the cells of the adipose or cellular membrane of animal bodies. In most parts of the body, the fat lies immediately under the skin. Fat is of various degrees of consistence, as in tallow, lard and oil. It has been recently ascertained to consist of two substances, stearine and elaine, the former of which is solid, the latter liquid, at common temperatures, and on the different proportions of which its degree of consistence depends.", "2. The best or richest part of a thing.", "Abel brought of the fat of his flock. Gen 4.", "FAT, v.t. To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food; as, to fat fowls or sheep.", "FAT, v.i. To grow fat, plump and fleshy.", "An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one.", "FAT,"], "fatness": ["FAT'NESS, n. from fat.", "1. The quality of being fat, plump, or full fed; corpulency; fullness of flesh.", "Their eyes stand out with fatness. Ps. 73.", "2. Unctuous or greasy matter.", "3. Unctuousness; sliminess; applied to earth: hence richness; fertility; fruitfulness.", "God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine. Gen. 27.", "4. That which gives fertility.", "Thy paths drop fatness. Ps. 65.", "The clouds drop fatness.", "5. The privileges and pleasures of religion; abundant blessings.", "Let your soul delight itself in fatness. Is. 55."], "father": ["F'ATHER, n. L. pater. The primary sense is obvious.", "1. He who begets a child; in L. genitor or generator.", "The father of a fool hath no joy. Prov. 17.", "2. The first ancestor; the progenitor of a race or family. Adam was the father of the human race. Abraham was the father of the Israelites.", "3. The appellation of an old man, and a term of respect.", "The king of Israel said to Elisha, my father shall I smite them? 2Kings 6.", "The servants of Naaman call him father. Elderly men are called fathers; as the fathers of a town or city. In the church, men venerable for age, learning and piety are called fathers, or reverend fathers.", "4. The grandfather or more remote ancestor. Nebuchadnezzar is called the father of Belshazzar, though he was his grandfather. Dan. 5."], "fathered": ["F'ATHERED, pp.", "1. Adopted; taken as one's own; ascribed to one as the author.", "2. Having had a father of particular qualities.", "I am no stronger than my sex, being so father'd and so husbanded. Unusual."], "fathering": ["F'ATHERING, ppr. Adopting; taking or acknowledging as one's own; ascribing to the father or author."], "fatherless": ["F'ATHERLESS, a.", "1. Destitute of a living father; as a fatherless child.", "3. Without a known author."], "fatherlessness": ["F'ATHERLESSNESS, n. The state of being without a father."], "fathom": ["FATH'OM, n.", "1. A measure of length containing six feet, the space to which a man may extend his arms; used chiefly at sea for measuring cables, cordage, and the depth of the sea is sounding by a line and lead.", "2. Reach; penetration; depth of thought or contrivance.", "FATH'OM, v.t.", "1. To encompass with the arms extended or encircling.", "2. To reach; to master; to comprehend.", "Leave to fathom such high points as these.", "3. To reach in depth; to sound; to try the depth.", "Our depths who fathoms.", "4. To penetrate; to find the bottom or extent. I cannot fathom his design."], "fathomed": ["FATH'OMED, pp. Encompassed with the arms; reached; comprehended."], "fathomer": ["FATH'OMER, n. One who fathoms."], "fathoming": ["FATH'OMING, ppr. Encompassing with the arms; reaching; comprehending; sounding; penetrating."], "fatling": ["FAT'LING, n. from fat. A lamb, kid or other young animal fattened for slaughter; a fat animal; applied to quadrupeds whose flesh is used for food.", "David sacrificed oxen and fatlings. 2Sam. 6."], "fault": ["FAULT, n. See Fail.", "1. Properly, an erring or missing; a failing; hence, an error or mistake; a blunder; a defect; a blemish; whatever impairs excellence; applied to things.", "2. In morals or deportment, any error or defect; an imperfection; any deviation from propriety; a slight offense; a neglect of duty or propriety, resulting from inattention or want of prudence, rather than from design to injure or offend, but liable to censure or objection.", "I do remember my faults this day. Gen. 41.", "If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye who are spiritual, restore such as one in the spirit of meekness. Gal. 6.", "Fault implies wrong, and often some degree of criminality.", "3. Defect; want; absence. Not now used. See Default.", "I could tell to thee, as to one if pleases me, for fault of a better to call my friend.", "4. Puzzle; difficulty.", "Among sportsmen, when dogs lose the scent, they are said to be at fault. Hence the phrase, the inquirer is at fault.", "5. In mining, a fissure in strata, causing a dislocation of the same, and thus interrupting the course of veins.", "To find fault, to express blame; to complain.", "Thou wilt say then, why doth he yet find fault? Rom 9.", "To find fault with, to blame; to censure; as, to find fault with the times, or with a neighbor's conduct.", "FAULT, v.i. To fail; to be wrong. Not used.", "FAULT, v.t. To charge with a fault; to accuse.", "For that I will not fault thee."], "faulted": ["FAULT'ED, pp. Charged with a fault; accused."], "faultful": ["FAULT'FUL, a. Full of faults or sins."], "faulting": ["FAULT'ING, ppr. Accusing."], "faultiness": ["FAULT'INESS, n. from faulty.", "1. The state of being faulty, defective or erroneous; defect.", "2. Badness; viciousness; evil disposition; as the faultiness of a person.", "3. Delinquency; actual offenses."], "faulty": ["FAULT'Y, a.", "1. Containing faults, blemishes or defects; defective; imperfect; as a faulty composition or book; a faulty plan or design; a faulty picture.", "2. Guilty of a fault or of faults; hence, blamable; worthy of censure.", "The king doth speak this thing as one who is faulty.", "1Sam. 14.", "3. Wrong; erroneous; as a faulty polity.", "4. Defective; imperfect; bad; as a faulty helmet."], "faultless": ["FAULT'LESS, a.", "1. Without fault; not defective or imperfect; free from blemish; free from incorrectness; perfect; as a faultless poem or picture.", "2. Free from vice or imperfection; as a faultless man."], "faultlessness": ["FAULT'LESSNESS, n. Freedom from faults or defects."], "fear": ["FEAR, n. See the Verb.", "1. A painful emotion or passion excited by an expectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending danger. Fear expresses less apprehension than dread, and dread less than terror and fright. The force of this passion, beginning with the most moderate degree, may be thus expressed, fear, dread, terror, fright. Fear is accompanied with a desire to avoid or ward off the expected evil. Fear is an uneasiness of mind, upon the thought of future evil likely to befall us.", "Fear is the passion of our nature which excites us to provide for our security, on the approach of evil.", "2. Anxiety; solicitude.", "The principal fear was for the holy temple.", "3. The cause of fear.", "Thy angel becomes a fear.", "4. The object of fear.", "Except the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me. Gen 31.", "5. Something set or hung up to terrify wild animals, by its color or noise. Is. 24. Jer. 48.", "6. In scripture, fear is used to express a filial or a slavish passion. In good men, the fear of God is a holy awe or reverence of God and his laws, which springs from a just view and real love of the divine character, leading the subjects of it to hate and shun every thing that can offend such a holy being, and inclining them to aim at perfect obedience. This is filial fear.", "I will put my fear in their hearts. Jer. 32.", "Slavish fear is the effect or consequence of guilt; it is the painful apprehension of merited punishment. Rom. 8.", "The love of God casteth out fear. 1John 4.", "7. The worship of God.", "I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Ps. 34.", "8. The law and word of God.", "The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever. Ps. 19.", "9. Reverence; respect; due regard.", "Render to all their dues; fear to whom fear. Rom. 13.", "FEAR, v.t. L. vereor.", "1. To feel a painful apprehension of some impending evil; to be afraid of; to consider or expect with emotions of alarm or solicitude. We fear the approach of an enemy or of a storm. We have reason to fear the punishment of our sins.", "I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Ps. 23.", "2. To reverence; to have a reverential awe; to venerate.", "This do, and live: for I fear God. Gen. 42.", "3. To affright; to terrify; to drive away or prevent approach by fear, or by a scarecrow. This seems to be the primary meaning, but now obsolete.", "We must not make a scarecrow of the law, setting it up to fear the birds of prey.", "FEAR, v.i. To be in apprehension of evil; to be afraid; to feel anxiety on account of some expected evil.", "But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtility, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ. 2Cor. 11.", "Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. Gen. 15.", "FEAR, n. A companion. Not in use. See Peer."], "feared": ["FE'ARED, pp. Apprehended or expected with painful solicitude; reverenced."], "fearful": ["FE'ARFUL, a.", "1. Affected by fear; feeling pain in expectation of evil; apprehensive with solicitude; afraid. I am fearful of the consequences of rash conduct. Hence,", "2. Timid; timorous; wanting courage.", "What man is there that is fearful and fainthearted?", "Deut. 20.", "3. Terrible; impressing fear; frightful; dreadful.", "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. Heb. 10.", "4. Awful; to be reverenced.", "O Lord, who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises? Ex. 15.", "That thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful name, Jehovah, thy God. Deut. 28."], "fearfulness": ["FE'ARFULNESS, n.", "1. Timorousness; timidity.", "2. State of being afraid; awe; dread.", "A thing that makes a government despised, is fearfulness of, and mean compliances with, bold popular offenders.", "3. Terror; alarm; apprehension of evil.", "Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Is. 33."], "fearfully": ["FE'ARFULLY, adv.", "1. Timorously; in fear.", "In such a night did Thisbe fearfully o'ertrip the dew.", "2. Terribly; dreadfully; in a manner to impress terror.", "There is a cliff, whose high and bending head looks fearfully on the confined deep.", "3. In a manner to impress admiration and astonishment.", "I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Ps. 139."], "feast": ["FEAST, n. L. festum.", "1. A sumptuous repast or entertainment, of which a number of guests partake; particularly, a rich or splendid public entertainment.", "On Pharaoh's birth day, he made a feast to all his servants. Gen. 40.", "2. A rich or delicious repast or meal; something delicious to the palate.", "3. A ceremony of feasting; joy and thanksgiving on stated days, in commemoration of some great event, or in honor of some distinguished personage; an anniversary, periodical or stated celebration of some event; a festival; as on occasion of the games in Greece, and the feast of the passover, the feast of Pentecost, and the feast of tabernacles among the Jews.", "4. Something delicious and entertaining to the mind or soul; as the dispensation of the gospel is called a feast of fat things. Is. 25.", "5. That which delights and entertains.", "He that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast.", "Prov. 15.", "In the English church, feasts are immovable or movable; immovable, when they occur on the same day of the year, as Christmas day, &c.; and movable, when they are not confined to the same day of the year, as Easter, which regulates many others.", "FEAST, v.i.", "1. To eat sumptuously; to dine or sup on rich provisions; particularly in large companies, and on public festivals.", "And his sons went and feasted in their houses. Job 1.", "2. To be highly gratified or delighted.", "FEAST, v.t.", "1. To entertain with sumptuous provisions; to treat at the table magnificently; as, he was feasted by the king.", "2. To delight; to pamper; to gratify luxuriously; as, to feast the soul.", "Whose taste or smell can bless the feasted sense."], "feasted": ["FE'ASTED, pp. Entertained sumptuously; delighted."], "feastful": ["FE'ASTFUL, a.", "1. Festive; joyful; as a feastful day or friend.", "2. Sumptuous, luxurious; as feastful rites."], "feasting": ["FE'ASTING, ppr.", "1. Eating luxuriously; faring sumptuously.", "2. Delighting; gratifying.", "3. Entertaining with a sumptuous table.", "FE'ASTING, n. An entertainment."], "fed": ["FED, pret. and pp. of feed, which see."], "feeble": ["FEE'BLE, a. I know not the origin of the first syllable.", "1. Weak; destitute of much physical strength; as, infants are feeble at their birth.", "2. Infirm; sickly; debilitated by disease.", "3. Debilitated by age or decline of life.", "4. Not full or loud; as a feeble voice or sound.", "5. Wanting force or vigor; as feeble efforts.", "6. Not bright or strong; faint; imperfect; as feeble light; feeble colors.", "7. Not strong or vigorous; as feeble powers of mind.", "8. Not vehement or rapid; slow; as feeble motion.", "FEE'BLE, v.t. To weaken. Not used. See Enfeeble."], "feebleness": ["FEE'BLENESS, n.", "1. Weakness of body or mind, from any cause; imbecility; infirmity; want of strength, physical or intellectual; as feebleness of the body or limbs; feebleness of the mind or understanding.", "2. Want of fullness or loudness; as feebleness of voice.", "3. Want of vigor or force; as feebleness of exertion, or of operation.", "4. Defect of brightness; as feebleness of light or color."], "feed": ["FEED, v.t. pret. and pp. See Father.", "1. To give food to; as, to feed an infant; to feed horses and oxen.", "2. To supply with provisions. We have flour and meat enough to feed the army a month.", "3. To supply; to furnish with any thing of which there is constant consumption, waste or use. Springs, feed ponds, lakes and rivers; ponds and streams feed canals. Mills are fed from hoppers.", "4. To graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage by cattle If grain is too forward in autumn, feed it with sheep.", "5. To nourish; to cherish; to supply with nutriment; as, to feed hope or expectation; to feed vanity.", "6. To keep in hope or expectation; as, to feed one with hope.", "7. To supply fuel; as, to feed a fire.", "8. To delight; to supply with something desirable; to entertain; as, to feed the eye with the beauties of a landscape.", "9. To give food or fodder for fattening; to fatten. The county of Hampshire, in Massachusetts, feeds a great number of cattle for slaughter.", "10. To supply with food, and to lead, guard and protect; a scriptural sense.", "He shall feed his flock like a shepherd. Is. 40.", "FEED, v.i.", "1. To take food; to eat.", "2. To subsist by eating; to prey. Some birds feed on seeds and berries, others on flesh.", "3. To pasture; to graze; to place cattle to feed. Ex. 22.", "4. To grow fat.", "FEED, n.", "1. Food; that which is eaten; pasture; fodder; applied to that which is eaten by beasts, not to the food of men. The hills of our country furnish the best feed for sheep.", "2. Meal, or act of eating.", "For such pleasure till that hour at feed or fountain never had I found."], "feeding": ["FEE'DING, ppr. Giving food or nutriment; furnishing provisions; eating; taking food or nourishment; grazing; supplying water or that which is constantly consumed; nourishing; supplying fuel or incentives.", "FEE'DING, n. Rich pasture."], "feel": ["FEEL, v.t. pret. and pp. felt. L. palpo. the primary sense is to touch, to pat, to strike gently, or to press, as is evident from the L. palpito, and other derivatives of palp. If so, the word seems to be allied to L. pello.", "1. To perceive by the touch; to have sensation excited by contact of a thing with the body or limbs.", "Suffer me that I may feel the pillars. Judges 16.", "Come near, I pray thee, that I may feel thee, my son.", "Gen. 27.", "2. To have the sense of; to suffer or enjoy; as, to feel pain; to feel pleasure.", "3. To experience; to suffer.", "Whoso keepeth the commandments shall feel no evil thing. Eccles. 8.", "4. To be affected by; to perceive mentally; as, to feel grief or woe.", "Would I had never trod this English earth, or felt the flatteies that grow upon it.", "5. To know; to be acquainted with; to have a real and just view of.", "For then, and not till then, he felt himself.", "6. To touch; to handle; with or without of.", "Feel this piece of silk, or feel of it.", "To feel, or to feel out, is to try; to sound; to search for; to explore; as, to feel or feel out one's opinions or designs.", "To feel after, to search for; to seek to find; to seek as a person groping in the dark.", "If haply they might feel after him, and find him. Acts 18.", "FEEL, v.i.", "1. To have perception by the touch, or by the contact of any substance with the body.", "2. To have the sensibility or the passions moved or excited. The good man feels for the woes of others.", "3. To give perception; to excite sensation.", "Blind men say black feels rough, and white feels smooth.", "So, we say, a thing feels soft or hard, or it feels hot or cold.", "4. To have perception mentally; as, to feel hurt; to feel grieved; to feel unwilling.", "FEEL, n. The sense of feeling, or the perception caused by the touch. The difference of tumors may be ascertained by the feel. Argillaceous stones may sometimes be known by the feel. In America, feeling is more generally used; but the use of feel is not uncommon."], "feeling": ["FEE'LING, ppr.", "1. Perceiving by the touch; having perception.", "2. a. Expressive of great sensibility; affecting; tending to excite the passions. He made a feeling representation of his wrongs. He spoke with feeling eloquence.", "3. Possessing great sensibility; easily affected or moved; as a feeling man; a feeling heart.", "4. Sensibly or deeply affected; as, I had a feeling sense of his favors. This use is not analogical, but common.", "FEE'LING, n.", "1. The sense of touch; the sense by which we perceive external objects which come in contact with the body, and obtain ideas of their tangible qualities; one of the five senses. It is by feeling we know that a body is hard or soft, hot or cold, wet or dry, rough or smooth.", "2. Sensation; the effect of perception.", "The apprehension of the good gives but the greater feeling to the worse.", "3. Faculty or power of perception; sensibility.", "Their king, out of a princely feeling, was sparing and compassionate towards his subjects.", "4. Nice sensibility; as a man of feeling.", "5. Excitement; emotion."], "feelingly": ["FEE'LINGLY, adv.", "1. With expression of great sensibility; tenderly; as, to speak feelingly.", "2. So as to be sensibly felt.", "These are counselors, that feelingly persuade me what I am."], "feet": ["FEET, n. plu of foot. See Foot."], "feign": ["FEIGN, v.t. fane. L. fingo. The Latin forms fictum, fictus, whence figura, figure, also fucus.", "1. To invent or imagine; to form an idea or conception of something not real.", "There are no such things done as thou sayest, but thou feignest them out of thine own heart. Neh. 6.", "2. To make a show of; to pretend; to assume a false appearance; to counterfeit.", "I pray thee, feign thyself to be a mourner. 2Sam. 14.", "She feigns a laugh.", "3. To represent falsely; to pretend; to form and relate a fictitious tale.", "The poet did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods.", "4. To dissemble; to conceal. Obs."], "feigned": ["FEIGNED, pp. Invented; devised; imagined; assumed."], "feigning": ["FEIGNING, ppr. Imagining; inventing; pretending; making a false show.", "FEIGNING, n. A false appearance; artful contrivance."], "feigningly": ["FEIGNINGLY, adv. With false appearance."], "feignedly": ["FEIGNEDLY, adv. In fiction; in pretense; not really."], "fell": ["FELL, pret. of fall.", "FELL, a.", "1. Cruel; barbarous; inhuman.", "It seemed fury, discord, madness fell.", "2. Fierce; savage; ravenous; bloody.", "More fell than tigers on the Libyan plain.", "FELL, n. L. pellis. A skin or hide of a beast; used chiefly in composition, as wool-fell.", "FELL, n. A barren or stony hill. Local.", "FELL, v.t. To cause to fall; to prostrate; to bring to the ground, either by cutting, as to fell trees, or by striking, as to fell an ox."], "felled": ["FELL'ED, pp. Knocked or cut down."], "felling": ["FELL'ING, ppr. Cutting or beating to the ground."], "fellness": ["FELL'NESS, n. See Fell, cruel. Cruelty; fierce barbarity; rage."], "feller": ["FELL'ER, n. One who hews or knocks down. Is. 14."], "felloe": ["FELL'OE, See Felly."], "fellow": ["FEL'LOW, n. Heb. to tie or connect, to be joined or associated.", "1. A companion; an associate.", "In youth I had twelve fellows, like myself.", "Each on his fellow for assistance calls.", "2. One of the same kind.", "A shepherd had one favorite dog; he fed him with his own hand, and took more care of him than of his fellows.", "3. An equal.", "Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, and against the man that is my fellow, saith Jehovah of hosts. Zech. 13.", "4. One of a pair, or of two things used together and suited to each other. Of a pair of gloves, we call one the fellow of the other.", "5. One equal or like another. Of an artist we say, this man has not his fellow, that is, one of like skill.", "6. An appellation of contempt; a man without good breeding or worth; an ignoble man; as a mean fellow.", "Worth makes the man, and want of it the fellow.", "7. A member of a college that shares its revenues; or a member of any incorporated society.", "8. A member of a corporation; a trustee.", "FEL'LOW, v.t. To suit with; to pair with; to match. Little used.", "In composition, fellow denotes community of nature, station or employment."], "fellowship": ["FEL'LOWSHIP, n.", "1. Companionship; society; consort; mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms; familiar intercourse.", "Have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness. Eph. 5.", "Men are made for society and mutual fellowship.", "2. Association; confederacy; combination.", "Most of the other christian princes were drawn into the fellowship of that war. Unusual.", "3. Partnership; joint interest; as fellowship in pain.", "4. Company; a state of being together.", "The great contention of the sea and skies parted our fellowship.", "5. Frequency of intercourse.", "In a great town friends are scattered, so that there is not that fellowship which is in less neighborhoods.", "6. Fitness and fondness for festive entertainments; with good prefixed.", "He had by his good fellowship - made himself popular, with all the officers of the army.", "7. Communion; intimate familiarity. 1John 1.", "8. In arithmetic, the rule of proportions, by which the accounts of partners in business are adjusted, so that each partner may have a share of gain or sustain a share of loss, in proportion to his part of the stock.", "9. An establishment in colleges, for the maintenance of a fellow."], "felt": ["FELT, pret. of feel.", "FELT, n. L. pellis, Eng. fell, a skin from plucking or stripping, L. vello, vellus, Eng. wool.", "1. A cloth or stuff made of wool, or wool and hair, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure with lees or size.", "2. A hat made of wool.", "3. Skin.", "To know whether sheep are sound or not, see that the felt be loose.", "FELT, v.t. To make cloth or stuff of wool, or wool and hair, by fulling."], "female": ["FE'MALE, n. L. femella. See Feminine.", "1. Among animals, one of that sex which conceives and brings forth young.", "2. Among plants, that which produces fruit; that which bears the pistil and receives the pollen of the male flowers.", "FE'MALE, a.", "1. Noting the sex which produces young; not male; as a female bee.", "2. Pertaining to females; as a female hand or heart; female tenderness.", "To the generous decision of a female mind, we owe the discovery of America.", "3. Feminine; soft; delicate; weak.", "Female rhymes, double rhymes, so called from the French, in which language they end in e feminine."], "fen": ["FEN, n. L. fons, Eng. fountain.", "Low land overflowed, or covered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge, coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants; boggy land; a moor or marsh.", "A long canal the muddy fen divides."], "fence": ["FENCE, n. fens. See Fend.", "1. A wall, hedge, ditch, bank, or line of posts and rails, or of boards or pickets, intended to confine beasts from straying, and to guard a field from being entered by cattle, or from other encroachment. A good farmer has good fences about his farm; an insufficient fence is evidence of bad management. Broken windows and poor fences are evidences of idleness or poverty or of both.", "2. A guard; any thing to restrain entrance; that which defends from attack, approach or injury; security; defense.", "A fence betwixt us and the victor's wrath.", "3. Fencing, or the art of fencing; defense.", "4. Skill in fencing or defense.", "FENCE, v.t. fens.", "1. To inclose with a hedge, wall, or any thing that prevents the escape or entrance of cattle; to secure by an inclosure. In New England, farmers, for the most part, fence their lands with posts and rails, or with stone walls. In England, lands are usually fenced with hedges and ditches.", "He hath fenced my way that I cannot pass. Job. 19.", "2. To guard; to fortify.", "So much of adder's wisdom I have learnt, to fence my ear against thy sorceries.", "FENCE, v.i.", "1. To practice the art of fencing; to use a sword or foil, for the purpose of learning the art of attack and defense. To fence well is deemed a useful accomplishment for military gentlemen.", "2. To fight and defend by giving and avoiding blows or thrusts.", "They fence and push, and pushing, loudly roar, their dewlaps and their sides are bathed in gore.", "3. To raise a fence; to guard. It is difficult to fence against unruly cattle."], "fenced": ["FEN'CED, pp. Inclosed with a fence; guarded; fortified."], "fenceful": ["FENCEFUL, a. fens'ful. Affording defense."], "fencing": ["FEN'CING, ppr. Inclosing with fence; guarding; fortifying.", "FEN'CING, n.", "1. The art of using skillfully a sword or foil in attack or defense; an art taught in schools.", "2. The materials of fences for farms."], "ferret": ["FER'RET, n.", "1. An animal of the genus Mustela, or Weasel kind, about 14 inches in length, of a pale yellow color with red eyes. It is a native of Africa, but has been introduced into Europe. It cannot however bear cold, and cannot subsist even in France, except in a domestic state. Ferrets are used to catch rabbits.", "2. A kind of narrow woolen tape.", "3. Among glass makers, the iron used to try the melted matter, to see if it is fit to work, and to make the rings at the mouths of bottles.", "FER'RET, v.t. To drive out of a lurking place, as a ferret does the coney."], "ferreted": ["FER'RETED, pp. Driven from a burrow or lurking place."], "ferreter": ["FER'RETER, n. One that hunts another in his private retreat."], "ferreting": ["FER'RETING, ppr. Driving from a lurking place."], "ferry": ["FER'RY, v.t. L. fero; allied to bear.", "To carry or transport over a river, strait or other water, in a boat. We ferry men, horses, carriages, over rivers, for a moderate fee or price called fare or ferriage.", "FER'RY, v.i. To pass over water in a boat.", "FER'RY, n.", "1. A boat or small vessel in which passengers and goods are conveyed over rivers or other narrow waters; sometimes called a wherry. This application of the word is, I believe, entirely obsolete, at least in America.", "2. The place or passage where boats pass over water to convey passengers.", "3. The right of transporting passengers over a lake or stream. A.B. owns the ferry at Windsor. In New England, this word is used in the two latter senses."], "fervent": ["FERV'ENT, a. L. fervens, from ferveo, to be hot, to boil, to glow.", "1. Hot; boiling; as a fervent summer; fervent blood.", "2. Hot in temper; vehement.", "They are fervent to dispute.", "3. Ardent; very warm; earnest; excited; animated; glowing; as fervent zeal; fervent piety.", "Fervent in spirit. Rom 12."], "fervently": ["FERV'ENTLY, adv.", "1. Earnestly; eagerly; vehemently; with great warmth.", "2. With pious ardor; with earnest zeal; ardently.", "Epaphras - saluteth you, laboring fervently for you in prayers. Col. 4."], "fetch": ["FETCH, v.t.", "1. To go and bring, or simply to bring, that is, to bear a thing towards or to a person.", "We will take men to fetch victuals for the people.", "Judges 20.", "Go to the flock, and fetch me from thence two kids of the goats. Gen. 27.", "In the latter passage, fetch signifies only to bring.", "2. To derive; to draw, as from a source.", "On you noblest English, whose blood is fetched from fathers of war-proof.", "In this sense, the use is neither common nor elegant.", "3. To strike at a distance. Not used.", "The conditions and improvements of weapons are the fetching afar off.", "4. To bring back; to recall; to bring to any state. Not used or vulgar.", "In smells we see their great and sudden effect in fetching men again, when they swoon.", "5. To bring or draw; as, to fetch a thing within a certain compass.", "6. To make; to perform; as, to fetch a turn; to fetch a leap or bound.", "Fetch a compass behind them. 2Sam. 5.", "7. To draw; to heave; as, to fetch a sigh.", "8. To reach; to attain or come to; to arrive at.", "We fetched the syren's isle.", "9. To bring; to obtain its price. Wheat fetches only 75 cents the bushel. A commodity is worth what it will fetch.", "To fetch out, to bring or draw out; to cause to appear.", "To fetch to, to restore, to revive, as from a swoon.", "To fetch up, to bring up; to cause to come up or forth.", "To fetch a pump, to pour water into it to make it draw water.", "FETCH, v.i. To move or turn; as, to fetch about.", "FETCH, n. A stratagem, by which a thing is indirectly brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended and another is done; a trick; an artifice; as a fetch of wit.", "Straight cast about to over-reach", "Th' unwary conqueror with a fetch."], "fetching": ["FETCH'ING, ppr. Bringing; going and bringing; deriving; drawing; making; reaching; obtaining as price."], "fetter": ["FET'TER, n.", "1. A chain for the feet; a chain by which an animal is confined by the foot, either made fast or fixed, as a prisoner, or impeded in motion and hindered from leaping, as a horse whose fore and hind feet are confined by a chain.", "The Philistines bound Samson with fetters of brass.", "Judges 16.", "2. Any thing that confines or restrains from motion.", "Passions too fierce to be in fetters bound.", "FET'TER, v.t.", "1. To put on fetters; to shackle or confine the feet with a chain.", "2. To bind; to enchain; to confine; to restrain motion; to impose restraints on.", "Fetter strong madness in a silken thread."], "fettered": ["FET'TERED, pp. Bound or confined by fetters; enchained."], "fettering": ["FET'TERING, ppr. Binding or fastening by the feet with a chain; confining; restraining motion."], "fever": ["FE'VER, n. L. febris, supposed to be so written by transposition for ferbis, or fervis, from ferbeo, ferveo, to be hot.", "1. A disease, characterized by an accelerated pulse, with increase of heat, impaired functions, diminished strength, and often with preternatural thirst. This order of diseases is called by Cullen pyrexy, Gr. Fevers are often or generally preceded by chills or rigors, called the cold stage of the disease. Fevers are of various kinds, but the principal division of fevers is into remitting fevers, which subside or abate at intervals; intermitting fevers, which intermit or entirely cease at intervals; and continued or continual fevers, which neither remit nor intermit.", "2. Heat; agitation; excitement by any thing that strongly affects the passions. This news has given me a fever. This quarrel has set my blood in a fever .", "FE'VER, v.t. To put in a fever."], "feverous": ["FE'VEROUS, a.", "1. Affected with fever or ague.", "2. Having the nature of fever.", "All feverous kinds.", "3. Having a tendency to produce fever; as a feverous disposition of the year. This word is little used."], "few": ["FEW, a. L. pauci. The senses of few and small are often united.", "Not many; small in number. Party is the madness of many for the gain of a few; but few men, in times of party, regard the maxim."], "fewness": ["FEW'NESS, n.", "1. Smallness of number; paucity.", "2. Paucity of words; brevity. Not used."], "fidelity": ["FIDEL'ITY, n. L. fidelitas, from fides, faith, fido, to trust. See Faith.", "1. Faithfulness; careful and exact observance of duty, or performance of obligations. We expect fidelity in a public minister, in an agent or trustee, in a domestic servant, in a friend.", "The best security for the fidelity of men, is to make interest coincide with duty.", "2. Firm adherence to a person or party with which one is united, or to which one is bound; loyalty; as the fidelity of subjects to their king or government; the fidelity of a tenant or liege to his lord.", "3. Observance of the marriage covenant; as the fidelity of a husband or wife.", "4. Honesty; veracity; adherence to truth; as the fidelity of a witness."], "field": ["FIELD, n.", "1. A piece of land inclosed for tillage or pasture; any part of a farm, except the garden and appurtenances of the mansion; properly land not covered with wood, and more strictly applicable to tillage land than to mowing land, which is often called meadow. But we say, the master of the house is in the field with his laborers, when he is at a distance from his house on his farm. He is in the field, plowing, sowing, reaping or making hay.", "2. Ground not inclosed.", "3. The ground where a battle is fought.", "We say, the field of battle; these veterans are excellent soldiers in the field.", "4. A battle; action in the field.", "What though the field be lost.", "5. To keep the field, is to keep the campaign open; to live in tents, or to be in a state of active operations. At the approach of cold weather, the troops, unable to keep the field, were ordered into winter quarters.", "6. A wide expanse.", "Ask of yonder argent fields above.", "7. Open space for action or operation; compass; extent. This subject opens a wide field for contemplation.", "8. A piece or tract of land.", "The field I give thee and the cave that is therein.", "Gen. 23.", "9. The ground or blank space on which figures are drawn; as the field or ground of a picture.", "10. In heraldry, the whole surface of the shield, or the continent.", "11. In scripture, field often signifies the open country, ground not inclosed, as it may in some countries in modern times.", "12. A field of ice, a large body of floating ice."], "fielded": ["FIE'LDED, a. Being in the field of battle; encamped."], "fierce": ["FIERCE, n. fers. L. ferus, ferox, the primary sense of which is wild, running, rushing.", "1. Vehement; violent; furious; rushing; impetuous; as a fierce wind.", "2. Savage; ravenous; easily enraged; as a fierce lion.", "3. Vehement in rage; eager of mischief; as a fierce tyrant; a monster fierce for blood.", "4. Violent; outrageous; not to be restrained.", "Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce. Gen. 49.", "5. Passionate; angry; furious.", "6. Wild; staring; ferocious; as a fierce countenance.", "7. Very eager; ardent; vehement; as a man fierce for his party."], "fiercely": ["FIERCELY, adv. fers'ly.", "1. Violently; furiously; with rage; as, both sides fiercely fought.", "2. With a wild aspect; as, to look fiercely."], "fierceness": ["FIERCENESS, n. fers'ness.", "1. Ferocity; savageness.", "The defect of heat which gives fierceness to our natures.", "2. Eagerness for blood; fury; as the fierceness of a lion or bear.", "3. Quickness to attack; keenness in anger and resentment.", "The Greeks are strong, and skilful to their strength,", "Fierce to their skill, and to their fierceness valiant.", "4. Violence; outrageous passion.", "His pride and brutal fierceness I abhor.", "5. Vehemence; fury; impetuosity; as the fierceness of a tempest."], "fieriness": ["FI'ERINESS, n. See Fiery, Fire.", "1. The quality of being fiery; hear; acrimony; the quality of a substance that excites a sensation of heat.", "2. Heat of temper; irritability; as fieriness of temper."], "fiery": ["FI'ERY, a. from fire.", "1. Consisting of fire; as the fiery gulf of Etna.", "And fiery billows roll below.", "2. Hot like fire; as a fiery heart.", "3. Vehement; ardent; very active; impetuous; as a fiery spirit.", "4. Passionate; easily provoked; irritable.", "You know the fiery quality of the duke.", "5. Unrestrained; fierce; as a fiery steed.", "6. Heated by fire.", "The sword which is made fiery.", "7. Like fire; bright; glaring; as a fiery appearance."], "fifteen": ["FIFTEE'N, a. Five and ten."], "fifteenth": ["FIFTEE'NTH, a.", "1. The ordinal of fifteen; the fifth after the tenth.", "2. Containing one part in fifteen."], "fifth": ["FIFTH, a. See Five.", "1. The ordinal of five; the next to the fourth.", "2. Elliptically, a fifth part; or the word may be considered as a noun, as to give a fifth or two fifths.", "FIFTH, n. In music, an interval consisting of three tones and a semitone."], "fiftieth": ["FIF'TIETH, a.", "The ordinal of fifty; as the fiftieth part of a foot. This may be used elliptically, as a fiftieth of his goods, part being understood; or in this case, the word may be treated in grammars as a noun, admitting a plural, as two fiftieths."], "fifty": ["FIF'TY, a.", "Five tens; five times ten; as fifty men. It may be used as a noun in the plural.", "And they sat down by fifties. Mark 6."], "fig": ["FIG, n. L. ficus; Heb.", "1. The fruit of the fig tree, which is of a round or oblong shape, and a dark purplish color, with a pulp of a sweet taste. But the varieties are numerous; some being blue, others red, and others of a dark brown color.", "2. The fig tree.", "FIG, v.t.", "1. To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions of the fingers. Little used.", "2. To put something useless into one's head. Not used."], "fight": ["FIGHT, v.i.", "1. To strive or contend for victory, in battle or in single combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue or destroy an enemy, either by blows or weapons; to contend in arms.", "Come and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon. Judges. 11.", "When two persons or parties contend in person, fight is usually followed by with. But when we speak of carrying on war, in any other form, we may say, to fight against.", "Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side. 1Sam. 14.", "Hazael king of Syria went up, and fought against Gath.", "2Kings 12.", "It is treason for a man to join an enemy to fight against his country.", "To fight against, is to act in opposition; to oppose; to strive to conquer or resist.", "The stars in their courses fought against Sisera. Judges 5.", "2. To contend; to strive; to struggle to resist or check.", "3. To act as a soldier.", "FIGHT, v.t.", "1. To carry on contention; to maintain a struggle for victory over enemies.", "I have fought a good fight. 2Tim. 4.", "2. To contend with in battle; to war against. They fought the enemy in two pitched battles. The captain fought the frigate seven glasses. Elliptical; with being understood.", "FIGHT, n.", "1. A battle; an engagement; a contest in arms; a struggle for victory, either between individuals, or between armies, ships or navies. A duel is called a single fight or combat.", "2. Something to screen the combatants in ships.", "Up with your fights and your nettings prepare."], "fighting": ["FIGHTING, ppr.", "1. Contending in battle; striving for victory or conquest.", "2. a. Qualified for war; fit for battle.", "A host of fighting men. 2Chron. 26.", "3. Occupied in war; being the scene of war; as a fighting field.", "FIGHTING, n. Contention; strife; quarrel.", "Without were fightings, within were fears. 2Cor. 7."], "figurability": ["FIGURABIL'ITY, n. The quality of being capable of a certain fixed or stable form."], "figurable": ["FIG'URABLE, a. from figure. Capable of being brought to a certain fixed form or shape. Thus lead is figurable, but water is not."], "figural": ["FIG'URAL, a. Represented by figure or delineation; as figural resemblances.", "Figural numbers, in geometry, such numbers as do or may represent some geometrical figure, in relation to which they are always considered, and are either lineary, superficial or solid."], "figurate": ["FIG'URATE, a. L. figuratus.", "1. Of a certain determinate form.", "Plants are all figurate and determinate, which inanimate bodies are not.", "2. Resembling any thing of a determinate form; as figurate stones, stones or fossils resembling shells.", "3. Figurative. Not used.", "Figurate counterpoint, in music, that wherein there is a mixture of discords with concords.", "Figurate descant, that in which discords are concerned, though not so much as concords. It may be called the ornament or rhetorical part of music, containing all the varieties of points, figures, syncopes, and diversities of measure."], "figurated": ["FIG'URATED, a. Having a determinate form."], "figuration": ["FIGURA'TION, n.", "1. The act of giving figure or determinate form.", "2. Determination to a certain form.", "3. Mixture of concords and discords in music."], "figurative": ["FIG'URATIVE, a.", "1. Representing something else; representing by resemblance; typical.", "This they will say, was figurative, and served by God's appointment but for a time, to shadow out the true glory of a more divine sanctity.", "2. Representing by resemblance; not literal or direct. A figurative expression, is one in which the words are used in a sense different from that in which they are ordinarily used as,", "Slander, whose edge is sharper than the sword.", "3. Abounding with figures of speech; as a description highly figurative."], "figuratively": ["FIG'URATIVELY, adv. By a figure; in a manner to exhibit ideas by resemblance; in a sense different from that which words originally imply. Words are used figuratively, when they express something different from their usual meaning."], "figure": ["FIG'URE, n. fig'ur. L. figura, from figo, to fix or set. See Feign.", "1. The form of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating extremities. Flowers have exquisite figures. A triangle is a figure of three sides. A square is a figure of four equal sides and equal angles.", "2. Shape; form; person; as a lady of elegant figure.", "A good figure, or person, in man or woman, gives credit at first sight to the choice of either.", "3. Distinguished appearance; eminence; distinction; remarkable character. Ames made a figure in Congress; Hamilton, in the cabinet.", "4. Appearance of any kind; as an ill figure; a mean figure.", "5. Magnificence; splendor; as, to live in figure and indulgence.", "6. A statue; an image; that which is formed in resemblance of something else; as the figure of a man in plaster.", "7. Representation in painting; the lines and colors which represent an animal, particularly a person; as the principal figures of a picture; a subordinate figure.", "8. In manufactures, a design or representation wrought on damask, velvet and other stuffs.", "9. In logic, the order or disposition of the middle term in a syllogism with the parts of the question.", "10. In arithmetic, a character denoting a number; as 2. 7. 9.", "11. In astrology, the horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological houses.", "12. In theology, type; representative.", "Who was the figure of him that was to come. Rom. 5.", "13. In rhetoric, a mode of speaking or writing in which words are deflected from their ordinary signification, or a mode more beautiful and emphatical than the ordinary way of expressing the sense; the language of the imagination and passions; as, knowledge is the light of the mind; the soul mounts on the wings of faith; youth is the morning of life. In strictness, the change of a word is a trope, and any affection of a sentence a figure; but these terms are often confounded.", "14. In grammar, any deviation from the rules of analogy or syntax.", "15. In dancing, the several steps which the dancer makes in order and cadence, considered as they form certain figures on the floor.", "FIG'URE, v.t. fig'ur.", "1. To form or mold into any determinate shape.", "Accept this goblet, rough with figured gold.", "2. To show by a corporeal resemblance, as in picture or statuary.", "3. To cover or adorn with figures or images; to mark with figures; to form figures in by art; as, to figure velvet or muslin.", "4. To diversify; to variegate with adventitious forms of matter.", "5. To represent by a typical or figurative resemblance.", "The matter of the sacraments figureth their end.", "6. To imagine; to image in the mind.", "7. To prefigure; to foreshow.", "8. To form figuratively; to use in a sense not literal; as figured expressions. Little used.", "9. To note by characters.", "As though a crystal glass the figured hours are seen.", "10. In music, to pass several notes for one; to form runnings or variations.", "FIG'URE, v.i. To make a figure; to be distinguished. The envoy figured at the court of St. Cloud."], "figured": ["FIG'URED, pp.", "1. Represented by resemblance; adorned with figures; formed into a determinate figure.", "2. In music, free and florid."], "figuring": ["FIG'URING, ppr. Forming into determinate shape; representing by types or resemblances; adorning with figures; making a distinguished appearance."], "file": ["FILE, n. L. filum. The primary sense is probably to draw out or extend, or to twist.", "1. A thread, string of line; particularly, a line or wire on which papers are strung in due order for preservation, and for conveniently finding them when wanted. Documents are kept on file.", "2. The whole number of papers strung on a line or wire; as a file of writs. A file is a record of court.", "3. A bundle of papers tied together, with the title of each indorsed; the mode of arranging and keeping papers being changed, without a change of names.", "4. A roll, list or catalogue.", "5. A row of soldiers ranged one behind another, from front to rear; the number of men constituting the depth of the battalion or squadron.", "FILE, v.t.", "1. To string; to fasten, as papers, on a line or wire for preservation. Declarations and affidavits must be filed. An original writ may be filed after judgment.", "2. To arrange or insert in a bundle, as papers, indorsing the title on each paper. This is now the more common mode of filing papers in public and private offices.", "3. To present or exhibit officially, or for trial; as, to file a bill in chancery.", "FILE, v.i. To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another.", "FILE, n.", "An instrument used in smoothing and polishing metals, formed of iron or steel, and cut in little furrows.", "FILE, v.t.", "1. To rub and smooth with a file; to polish.", "2. To cut as with a file; to wear off or away by friction; as, to file off a tooth.", "3. from defile. To foul or defile. Not used."], "filed": ["FI'LED, pp. Placed on a line or wire; placed in a bundle and indorsed; smoothed or polished with a file."], "filing": ["FI'LING, ppr. Placing on a string or wire, or in a bundle of papers; presenting for trial; marching in a file; smoothing with a file."], "filings": ["FI'LINGS, n. plu. Fragments or particles rubbed off by the act of filing; as filings of iron."], "fill": ["FILL, v.t. Gr. allied perhaps to fold and felt; to stuff; L. pilus, pileus. We are told that the Gr. to approach, signified originally to thrust or drive, L. pello, and contracted, it is rendered to fill, and is full.", "1. Properly, to press; to crowd; to stuff. Hence, to put or pour in, till the thing will hold no more; as, to fill a basket, a bottle, a vessel.", "Fill the water pots with water: and they filled them to the brim. John 2.", "2. To store; to supply with abundance.", "Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas. Gen. 1.", "3. To cause to abound; to make universally prevalent.", "The earth was filled with violence. Gen. 6.", "4. To satisfy; to content.", "Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fill so great a multitude? Matt. 15.", "5. To glut; to surfeit.", "Things that are sweet and fat are more filing.", "6. To make plump; as, in a good season the grain is well filled. In the summer of 1816, the driest and coldest which the oldest man remembered, the rye was so well filled, that the grain protruded beyond the husk, and a shock yielded a peck more than in common years.", "7. To press and dilate on all sides or to the extremities; as, the sails were filled.", "8. To supply with liquor; to pour into; as, to fill a glass for a guest.", "9. To supply with an incumbent; as, to fill an office or vacancy.", "10. To hold; to possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an incumbent; as, a king fills a throne; the president fills the office of chief magistrate; the speaker of the house fills the chair.", "11. In seamanship, to brace the sails so that the wind will bear upon them and dilate them.", "To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit.", "1. To fill up, to make full.", "It pours the bliss that fills up all the mind.", "But in this and many other cases, the use of up weakens the force of the phrase.", "2. To occupy; to fill. Seek to fill up life with useful employments.", "3. To fill; to occupy the whole extent; as, to fill up a given space.", "4. To engage or employ; as, to fill up time.", "5. To complete; as, to fill up the measure of sin. Matt. 23.", "6. To complete; to accomplish.", "And fill up what is behind of the afflictions of Christ.", "Col. 1.", "FILL, v.i.", "1. To fill a cup or glass for drinking; to give to drink.", "In the cup which she hath filled, fill to her double.", "Rev. 18.", "2. To grow or become full. corn fills well in a warm season. A mill pond fills during the night.", "3. To glut; to satiate.", "To fill up, to grow or become full. The channel of the river fills up with sand, every spring.", "FILL, n. Fullness; as much as supplies want; as much as gives complete satisfaction. Eat and drink to the fill. take your fill of joy.", "The land shall yield her fruit, and ye shall eat your fill, and dwell therein in safety. Lev. 25."], "filled": ["FILL'ED, pp. Made full; supplied with abundance."], "filling": ["FILL'ING, ppr. Making full; supplying abundantly; growing full.", "FILL'ING, n.", "1. A making full; supply.", "2. The woof in weaving."], "fillet": ["FIL'LET, n. L. filum.", "1. A little band to tie about the hair of the head.", "A belt her waist, a fillet binds her hair.", "2. The fleshy part of the thigh; applied to veal; as a fillet of veal.", "3. Meat rolled together and tied round.", "4. In architecture, a little square member or ornament used in divers places, but generally as a corona over a greater molding; called also listel.", "5. In heraldry, a kind of orle or bordure, containing only the third or fourth part of the breadth of the common bordure. it runs quite round near the edge, as a lace over a cloke.", "6. Among painters and gilders, a little rule or reglet of leaf-gold, drawn over certain moldings, or on the edges of frames, pannels, &c., especially when painted white, by way of enrichment.", "7. In the manege, the loins of a horse, beginning at the place where the hinder part of the saddle rests.", "FIL'LET, v.t.", "1. to bind with a fillet or little band.", "2. To adorn with an astragal. Ex. 38."], "filth": ["FILTH, n. See Foul and Defile.", "1. Dirt; any foul matter; any thing that soils or defiles; waste matter; nastiness.", "2. Corruption; pollution; any thing that sullies or defiles the moral character.", "To purify the soul from the dross and filth of sensual delights."], "filthiness": ["FILTH'INESS, n.", "1. The state of being filthy.", "2. Foulness; dirtiness; filth; nastiness.", "Carry forth the filthiness out of the holy place.", "2Chron. 29.", "3. Corruption; pollution; defilement by sin; impurity.", "Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God. 2Cor. 7."], "filthy": ["FILTH'Y, a.", "1. Dirty; foul; unclean; nasty.", "2. Polluted; defiled by sinful practices; morally impure.", "He that is filthy, let him be filthy still. Rev. 22.", "3. Obtained by base and dishonest means; as filthy lucre. Titus 1."], "fin": ["FIN, n. L. pinna or penna. The sense is probably a shoot, or it is from diminishing. See Fine.", "The fin of a fish consists of a membrane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous ossicles. The fins of fish serve to keep their bodies upright, and to prevent wavering or vacillation. The fins, except the caudal, do not assist in progressive motion; the tail being the instrument of swimming.", "FIN, v.t. To carve or cut up a chub."], "finned": ["FIN'NED, a. Having broad edges on either side; applied to a plow."], "final": ["FI'NAL, a. L. finalis. See fine.", "1. Pertaining to the end or conclusion; last ultimate; as the final issue or event of things; final hope; final salvation.", "2. Conclusive; decisive; ultimate; as a final judgment. The battle of Waterloo was final to the power of Buonaparte; it brought the contest to a final issue.", "3. Respecting the end or object to be gained; respecting the purpose or ultimate end in view. The efficient cause is that which produces the event or effect; the final cause is that for which any thing is done."], "finally": ["FI'NALLY, adv.", "1. At the end or conclusion; ultimately; lastly. The cause is expensive, but we shall finally recover. The contest was long, but the Romans finally conquered.", "2. Completely; beyond recovery.", "The enemy was finally exterminated."], "find": ["FIND, v.t. pret. and pp. found. L. venio; but in sense, with invenio. The primary sense is to come to, to rush, to fall on, to meet, to set on.", "1. Literally, to come to; to meet; hence, to discover by the eye; to gain first sight or knowledge of something lost; to recover either by searching for it or by accident.", "Doth she not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently till she find it? and when she hath found it -", "Luke 15.", "2. To meet; to discover something not before seen or known.", "He saith to him, we have found the Messiah. John 1.", "3. To obtain by seeking.", "Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find.", "Matt. 7.", "4. To meet with.", "In woods and forests thou art found.", "5. To discover or know by experience.", "The torrid zone is now found habitable.", "6. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at.", "Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth to life, and few there be that find it. Matt. 7.", "7. To discover by study, experiment or trial. Air and water are found to be compound substances. Alchimists long attempted to find the philosopher's stone, but it is not yet found.", "8. To gain; to have; as, to find leisure for a visit.", "9. To perceive; to observe; to learn. I found his opinions to accord with my own.", "10. To catch; to detect.", "When first found in a lie, talk to him of it as a strange monstrous matter.", "In this sense find is usually followed by out.", "11. To meet.", "In ills their business and their glory find.", "12. To have; to experience; to enjoy.", "Behold, in the day of your fast ye find pleasure. Is. 58.", "13. To select; to choose; to designate.", "I have found David my servant. Ps. 89.", "14. To discover and declare the truth of disputed facts; to come to a conclusion and decide between parties, as a jury. The jury find a verdict for the plaintiff or defendant. They find the accused to be guilty.", "15. To determine and declare by verdict. The jury have found a large sum in damages for the plaintiff.", "16. To establish or pronounce charges alleged to be true. The grand jury have found a bill against the accused, or they find a true bill.", "17. To supply; to furnish. Who will find the money or provisions for this expedition? We will find ourselves with provisions and clothing.", "18. To discover or gain knowledge of by touching or by sounding. We first sounded and found bottom at the depth of ninety five fathoms on the Sole bank.", "To find one's self, to be; to fare in regard to ease or pain, health or sickness. Pray, sir, how do you find yourself this morning.", "To find in, to supply; to furnish; to provide.", "He finds his nephew in money, victuals and clothes.", "1. To find out. To invent; to discover something before unknown.", "A man of Tyre, skilful to work in gold - and to find out every device. 2Chon. 2.", "2. To unriddle; to solve; as, to find out the meaning of a parable of an enigma.", "3. To discover; to obtain knowledge of what is hidden; as, to find out a secret.", "4. To understand; to comprehend.", "Canst thou by searching find out God? Job 11.", "5. To detect; to discover; to bring to light; as, to find out a thief or a theft; to find out a trick.", "To find fault with, to blame; to censure."], "finding": ["FINDING, ppr. Discovering.", "FINDING, n.", "1. Discovery; the act of discovering.", "2. In law, the return of a jury to a bill; a verdict."], "fine": ["FINE, a.", "1. Small; thin; slender; minute; of very small diameter; as a fine thread; fine silk; a fine hair. We say also, fine sand, fine particles.", "2. Subtil; thin; tenuous; as, fine spirits evaporate; a finer medium opposed to a grosser.", "3. Thin; keep; smoothly sharp; as the fine edge of a razor.", "4. Made of fine threads; not coarse; as fine linen or cambric.", "5. Clear; pure; free from feculence or foreign matter; as fine gold or silver; wine is not good till fine.", "6. Refined.", "Those things were too fine to be fortunate, and succeed in all parts.", "7. Nice; delicate; perceiving or discerning minute beauties or deformities; as a fine taste; a fine sense.", "8. Subtil; artful; dextrous. See Finess.", "9. Subtil; sly; fraudulent.", "10. Elegant; beautiful in thought.", "To call the trumpet by the name of the metal was fine.", "11. Very handsome; beautiful with dignity.", "The lady has a fine person, or a fine face.", "12. Accomplished; elegant in manners. He was one of the finest gentlemen of his age.", "13. Accomplished in learning; excellent; as a fine scholar.", "14. Excellent; superior; brilliant or acute; as a man of fine genius.", "15. Amiable; noble; ingenuous; excellent; as a man of a fine mind.", "16. Showy; splendid; elegant; as a range of fine buildings; a fine house or garden; a fine view.", "17. Ironically, worthy of contemptuous notice; eminent for bad qualities.", "That same knave, Ford, her husband, has the finest mad devil of jealousy in him, Master Brook, that ever governed frenzy.", "Fine Arts or polite arts, are the arts which depend chiefly on the labors of the mind or imagination, and whose object is pleasure; as poetry, music, painting and sculpture.", "The uses of this word are so numerous and indefinite, as to preclude a particular definition of each. In general, fine, in popular language, expresses whatever is excellent, showy or magnificent.", "FINE, n. This word is the basis of finance, but I have not found it, in its simple form, in any modern language, except the English. The word seems to be the L. finis, and the application of it to pecuniary compensation seems to have proceeded from its feudal use, in the transfer of lands, in which a final agreement or concord was made between the lord and his vassal.", "1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between persons concerning lands or rents, or between the lord and his vassal, prescribing the conditions on which the latter should hold his lands.", "2. A sum of money paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate or transfer his lands to another. This in England was exacted only from the king's tenants in capite.", "3. A sum of money paid to the king or state by way of penalty for an offense; a mulet; a pecuniary punishment. Fines are usually prescribed by statute, for the several violations of law; or the limit is prescribed, beyond which the judge cannot impose a fine for a particular offense.", "In fine. L. in and finis. In the end or conclusion; to conclude; to sum up all.", "FINE, v.t. See Fine, the adjective.", "1. To clarify; to refine; to purify; to defecate; to free from feculence or foreign matter; as, to fine wine.", "This is the most general use of this word.", "2. To purify, as a metal; as, to fine gold or silver. In this sense, we now generally use refine; but fine is proper.", "Job 28. Prov. 17.", "3. To make less coarse; as, to fine grass. Not used.", "4. To decorate; to adorn. Not in use.", "FINE, v.t. See Fine, the noun.", "1. To impose on one a pecuniary penalty, payable to the government, for a crime or breach of law; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to punish by fine. The trespassers were fined ten dollars and imprisoned a month.", "2. v.i. To pay a fine. Not used."], "fined": ["FI'NED, pp.", "1. Refined; purified; defecated.", "2. Subjected to a pecuniary penalty."], "finely": ["FI'NELY, adv.", "1. In minute parts; as a substance finely pulverized.", "2. To a thin or sharp edge; as an instrument finely sharpened.", "3. Gaily; handsomely; beautifully; with elegance and taste. she was finely attired.", "4. With elegance or beauty.", "Plutarch says very finely, that a man should not allow himself to hate even his enemies; for it you indulge this passion on some occasions, it will rise of itself in others.", "5. With advantage; very favorably; as a house or garden finely situated.", "6. Nicely; delicately; as a stuff finely wrought.", "7. Purely; completely.", "8. By way of irony, wretchedly; in a manner deserving of contemptuous notice. He is finely caught in his own snare."], "fineness": ["FI'NENESS, n.", "1. Thinness; smallness; slenderness; as the finances of a thread or silk. Hence.", "2. Consisting of fine threads; as fine linen.", "3. Smallness; minuteness; as the fineness of sand or particles; the fineness of soil or mold.", "4. Clearness; purity; freedom from foreign matter; as the fineness of wine or other liquor; the fineness of gold.", "5. Niceness; delicacy; as the fineness of taste.", "6. Keenness; sharpness; thinness; as the finances of an edge.", "7. Elegance; beauty; as fineness of person.", "8. Capacity for delicate or refined conceptions; as the fineness of genius.", "9. Show; splendor; gayety of appearance; elegance; as the fineness of clothes or dress.", "10. Clearness; as the fineness of complexion.", "11. Subtility; artfulness; ingenuity; as the fineness of wit.", "12. Smoothness."], "fining": ["FI'NING, ppr. See Fine, the verb.", "1. Clarifying; refining; purifying; defecating; separating from extraneous matter.", "2. See Fine, the noun. Imposing a fine or pecuniary penalty."], "finer": ["FI'NER, n.", "1. One who refines or purifies. Prov. 25:4.", "2. a. Comparative of fine."], "finger": ["FIN'GER, n. fing'ger.", "1. One of the extreme parts of the hand, a small member shooting to a point. The fingers have joints which peculiarly fit them to be the instruments of catching, seizing and holding. When we speak of the fingers generally, we include the thumb; as the five fingers. But we often make a distinction. The fingers and thumb consist of fifteen bones; three to each. The word is applied to some other animals as well as to man.", "2. A certain measure. We say a finger's breadth, or the breadth of the four fingers, or of three fingers.", "3. The hand.", "Who teacheth my fingers to fight. Ps. 146.", "4. The finger or fingers of God, in scripture, signify his power, strength or operation.", "The magicians said to Pharaoh, this is the finger of God.", "Ex. 8.", "5. In music, ability; skill in playing on a keyed instrument. She has a good finger.", "FIN'GER, v.t.", "1. To handle with the fingers; to touch lightly; to toy. The covetous man delights to finger money.", "2. To touch or take thievishly; to pilfer.", "3. To touch an instrument of music; to play on an instrument.", "4. To perform work with the fingers; to execute delicate work.", "5. To handle without violence.", "FIN'GER, v.i. To dispose the fingers aptly in playing on an instrument."], "fingered": ["FIN'GERED, pp.", "1. Played on; handled; touched.", "2. a. Having fingers. In botany, digitate; having leaflets like fingers."], "fingering": ["FIN'GERING, ppr. Handling; touching lightly.", "FIN'GERING, n.", "1. The act of touching lightly or handling.", "2. The manner of touching an instrument of music.", "3. Delicate work made with the fingers."], "finish": ["FIN'ISH, v.t. L. finio, from finis, an end.", "1. To arrive at the end of, in performance; to complete; as, to finish a house; to finish a journey.", "Thus the heavens and the earth were finished. Gen. 2.", "2. To make perfect.", "Episodes, taken separately, finish nothing.", "3. To bring to an end; to end; to put an end to.", "Seventy weeks are determined on thy people, and on thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and make an end of sins.", "Dan. 9.", "4. To perfect; to accomplish; to polish to the degree of excellence intended. In this sense it is frequently used in the participle of the perfect tense as an adjective. It is a finished performance. He is a finished scholar."], "finished": ["FIN'ISHED, pp.", "1. Completed; ended; done; perfected.", "2. a. Complete; perfect; polished to the highest degree of excellence; as a finished poem; a finished education."], "finisher": ["FIN'ISHER, n.", "1. One who finishes; one who completely performs.", "2. One who puts an end to.", "3. One who completes or perfects.", "Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith. Heb. 12."], "finishing": ["FIN'ISHING, ppr. Completing; perfecting; bringing to an end."], "fir": ["FIR, n.", "The name of several species of the genus Pinus; as the Scotch fir, the silver fir, spruce fir, hemlock fir, and oriental fir."], "fire": ["FIRE, n. The radical sense of fire is usually, to rush, to rage, to be violently agitated; and if this is the sense of fire, in coincides with L. furo. It may be from shining or consuming.", "1. Heat and light emanating visibly, perceptibly and simultaneously from any body; caloric; the unknown cause of the sensation of heat and of the retrocession of the homogeneous particles of bodies from one another, producing expansion, and thus enlarging all their dimensions; one of the causes of magnetism, as evinced by Dr. Hare's calorimotor.", "In the popular acceptation of the word, fire is the effect of combustion. The combustible body ignited or heated to redness we call fire; and when ascending in a stream or body, we call it flame. A piece of charcoal in combustion, is of a red color and very hot. In this state it is said to be on fire, or to contain fire. When combustion ceases, it loses its redness and extreme heat, and we say, the fire is extinct.", "2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in any other place. We kindle a fire in the morning, and at night we rake up the fire. Anthracite will maintain fire during the night.", "3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration. Newburyport and Savannah have suffered immense losses by fire. The great fire in Boston in 1711 consumed a large part of the town.", "4. Light; luster; splendor.", "Stars, hide your fires!", "5. Torture by burning.", "6. The instrument of punishment; or the punishment of the impenitent in another state.", "Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? Is. 33.", "7. That which inflames or irritates the passions.", "What fire is in my ears?", "8. Ardor of temper; violence of passion.", "He had fire in his temper.", "9. Liveliness of imagination; vigor of fancy; intellectual activity; animation; force of sentiment or expression.", "And warm the critic with a poet's fire.", "10. The passion of love; ardent affection.", "The God of love retires; dim are his torches, and extinct his fires.", "11. Ardor; heat; as the fire of zeal or of love.", "12. Combustion; tumult; rage; contention.", "13. Trouble; affliction.", "When thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burnt. Is. 43.", "To set on fire, to kindle; to inflame; to excite violent action.", "St. Anthony's fire, a disease marked by an eruption on the skin, or a diffused inflammation, with fever; the Erysipelas.", "Wild fire, an artificial or factitious fire, which burns even under water. it is made by a composition of sulphur, naphtha, pitch, gum and bitumen. It is called also Greek fire.", "FIRE, v.t.", "1. To set on fire; to kindle; as, to fire a house or chimney; to fire a pile.", "2. To inflame; to irritate the passions; as, to fire with anger or revenge.", "3. To animate; to give life or spirit; as, to fire the genius.", "4. To drive by fire. Little used.", "5. To cause to explode; to discharge; as, to fire a musket or cannon.", "6. To cauterize; a term in farriery.", "FIRE, v.i.", "1. To take fire; to be kindled.", "2. To be irritated or inflamed with passion.", "3. To discharge artillery or firearms. They fired on the town."], "fired": ["FI'RED, pp. Set on fire; inflamed; kindled; animated; irritated."], "firing": ["FI'RING, ppr. Setting fire to; kindling; animating; exciting; inflaming; discharging firearms.", "FI'RING, n.", "1. The act of discharging firearms.", "2. Fuel; firewood or coal."], "firebrand": ["FI'REBRAND, n.", "1. A piece of wood kindled or on fire.", "2. An incendiary; one who inflames factions, or causes contention and mischief."], "firepan": ["FI'REPAN, n. A pan for holding or conveying fire. Ex. 28."], "firkin": ["FIRKIN, n. fur'kin.", "A measure of capacity, being the fourth part of a barrel. It is nine gallons of beer, or eight gallons of ale, soap or herrings. In America, the firkin is rarely used, except for butter or lard, and signifies a small vessel or cask of indeterminate size, or of different sizes, regulated by the statutes of the different states."], "firm": ["FIRM, a. ferm. L. firmus. This is the root of L. ferrum, iron.", "1. Properly, fixed; hence, applied to the matter of bodies, it signifies closely compressed; compact; hard; solid; as firm flesh; firm muscles; some species of wood are more firm than others; a cloth of firm texture.", "2. Fixed; steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily moved; as a firm believer; a firm friend; a firm adherent or supporter; a firm man, or a man of firm resolution.", "3. Solid; not giving way; opposed to fluid; as firm land.", "FIRM, n. ferm. A partnership or house; or the name or title under which a company transact business; as the firm of Hope & Co.", "FIRM, v.t. ferm. L. firmo. To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish.", "And Jove has firm'd it with an awful nod.", "This word is rarely used, except in poetry. In prose, we use confirm."], "firmed": ["FIRMED, pp. ferm'ed. Established; confirmed."], "firming": ["FIRMING, ppr. ferm'ing, Settling; making firm and stable."], "firmness": ["FIRM'NESS, n. ferm'ness.", "1. Closeness or denseness of texture or structure; compactness; hardness; solidity; as the firmness of wood, stone, cloth or other substance.", "2. Stability; strength; as the firmness of a union, or of a confederacy.", "3. Steadfastness; constancy; fixedness; as the firmness of a purpose or resolution; the firmness of a man, or of his courage; firmness of mind or soul.", "4. Certainty; soundness; as the firmness of notions or opinions."], "firmament": ["FIRMAMENT, n. ferm'ament. L. firmamentum, from firmus, firmo.", "The region of the air; the sky or heavens. In scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; for such is the signification of the Hebrew word, coinciding with regio, region, and reach. The original therefore does not convey the sense of solidity, but of stretching, extension; the great arch or expanse over our heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars appear to be placed, and are really seen.", "And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. Gen. 1:6.", "And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament.", "Ibum. 1:14."], "firmamental": ["FIRMAMENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper regions."], "first": ["FIRST, a. furst. See fare and for.", "1. Advanced before or further than any other in progression; foremost in place; as the first man in a marching company or troop is the man that precedes all the rest. Hence,", "2. Preceding all others in the order of time. Adam was the first man. Cain was the first murderer. Monday was the first day of January.", "3. Preceding all others in numbers or a progressive series; the ordinal of one; as, 1 is the first number.", "4. Preceding all others in rank, dignity or excellence. Demosthenes was the first orator of Greece. Burke was one of the first geniuses of his age. Give God the first place in your affections.", "FIRST, adv. furst.", "1. Before any thing else in the order of time.", "Adam was first formed, then Eve. 1Tim. 2.", "2. Before all others in place or progression.", "Let the officers enter the gate first.", "3. Before any thing else in order of proceeding or consideration. First, let us attend to the examination of the witnesses.", "4. Before all others in rank. He stands or ranks first in public estimation.", "At first, at the first, as the beginning or origin.", "First or last, at one time or another; at the beginning or end.", "And all fools and lovers first or last."], "firstling": ["FIRST'LING, a. First produced; as firstling males. Deut. 15.", "FIRST'LING, n.", "1. The first produce or offspring; applied to beasts; as the firstlings of cattle.", "2. The thing first thought or done. Not used.", "The very firstlings of my heart shall be the firstlings of my hand."], "fish": ["FISH, n. L. piscis.", "1. An animal that lives in water. Fish is a general name for a class of animals subsisting in water, which were distributed by Linne into six orders. They breathe by means of gills, swim by the aid of fins, and are oviparous. Some of them have the skeleton bony, and others cartilaginous. Most of the former have the opening of the gills closed by a peculiar covering, called the gill-lid; many of the latter have no gill-lid, and are hence said to breathe through apertures. Cetaceous animals, as the whale and dolphin, are, in popular language, called fishes, and have been so classed by some naturalists; but they breathe by lungs, and are viviparous, like quadrupeds. The term fish has been also extended to other aquatic animals, such as shell-fish, lobsters, &c. We use fish, in the singular, for fishes in general or the whole race.", "2. The flesh of fish, used as food. But we usually apply flesh to land animals.", "FISH, v.i.", "1. To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets.", "2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth; as, to fish for compliments.", "FISH, v.t.", "1. To search by raking or sweeping; as, to fish the jakes for papers.", "2. In seamanship, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of timber.", "3. To catch; draw out or up; as, to fish up a human body when sunk; to fish an anchor.", "FISH, n.", "1. In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up the flukes of an anchor, towards the top of the bow.", "2. A long piece of timber, used to strengthen a lower mast or a yard, when sprung or damaged."], "fishful": ["FISH'FUL, a. Abounding with fish; as a fishful pond."], "fishing": ["FISH'ING, ppr. Attempting to catch fish; searching; seeking to draw forth by artifice or indirectly; adding a piece of timber to a mast or spar to strengthen it.", "FISH'ING, n.", "1. The art or practice of catching fish.", "2. A fishery."], "fisher": ["FISH'ER, n", "1. One who is employed in catching fish.", "2. A species of weasel."], "fishhook": ["FISH'HOOK, n. A hook for catching fish."], "fist": ["FIST, n.", "The hand clinched; the hand with the fingers doubled into the palm.", "FIST, v.t.", "1. To strike with the fist.", "2. To gripe with the fist."], "fit": ["FIT, n. L. peto, impeto, to assult, or to Eng. pet, and primarily to denote a rushing on or attach, or a start. See fit, suitable.", "1. The invasion, exacerbation or paroxysm of a disease. We apply the word to the return of an ague, after intermission, as a cold fit. We apply it to the first attack, or to the return of other diseases, as a fit of the gout or stone; and in general, to a disease however continued, as a fit of sickness.", "2. A sudden and violent attack of disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and sometimes senseless; as a fit of apoplexy or epilepsy; hysteric fits.", "3. Any short return after intermission; a turn; a period or interval. He moves by fits and starts.", "By fits my swelling grief appears.", "4. A temporary affection or attack; as a fit of melancholy, or of grief; a fit of pleasure.", "5. Disorder; distemperature.", "6. Anciently, a song, or part of a song; a strain; a canto.", "FIT, a. This is from the root of Eng. pass; pat. In L. competo, whence compatible, signifies properly to meet or to fall on, hence to suit or be fit, from peto. This is probably the same word. The primary sense is to come to, to fall on, hence to meet, to extend to, to be close, to suit. To come or fall, is the primary sense of time or season.", "1. Suitable; convenient; meet; becoming.", "Is it fit to say to a king, thou art wicked? Job 34.", "Wives, submit yourselves to your husbands, as it is fit in the Lord. Col. 3.", "2. Qualified; as men of valor fit for war.", "No man having put his hand to the plow, and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God. Luke 9.", "FIT, v.t.", "1. To adapt; to suit; to make suitable.", "The carpenter - marketh it out like a line, he fitteth it with planes. Is. 44.", "2. To accommodate a person with any thing; as, the tailor fits his customer with a coat. The original phrase is, he fits a coat to his customer. But the phrase implies also furnishing, providing a thing suitable for another.", "3. To prepare; to put in order for; to furnish with things proper or necessary; as, to fit a ship for a long voyage. Fit yourself for action or defense.", "4. To qualify; to prepare; as, to fit a student for college.", "To fit out, to furnish; to equip; to supply with necessaries or means; as, to fit out a privateer.", "To fit up, to prepare; to furnish with things suitable; to make proper for the reception or use of any person; as, to fit up a house for a guest.", "FIT, v.i.", "1. To be proper or becoming.", "Nor fits it to prolong the feast.", "2. To suit or be suitable; to be adapted. His coat fits very well. But this is an elliptical phrase."], "fitful": ["FIT'FUL, a. Varied by paroxysms; full of fits."], "fitness": ["FIT'NESS, n.", "1. Suitableness; adaptedness; adaptation; as the fitness of things to their use.", "2. Propriety; meetness; justness; reasonableness; as the fitness of measures or laws.", "3. Preparation; qualification; as a student's fitness for college.", "4. Convenience; the state of being fit."], "fitted": ["FIT'TED, pp. Made suitable; adapted; prepared; qualified."], "fitting": ["FIT'TING, ppr. Making suitable; adapting; preparing; qualifying; providing with."], "fittingly": ["FIT'TINGLY, adv. Suitably."], "fitch": ["FITCH, n. A chick-pea."], "fitly": ["FIT'LY, adv.", "1. Suitably; properly; with propriety. A maxim fitly applied.", "2. Commodiously; conveniently."], "five": ["FIVE, a.", "Four and one added; the half of ten; as five men; five loaves. Like other adjectives, it is often used as a noun.", "Five of them were wise, and five were foolish. Matt. 25."], "fives": ["FIVES, n. A kind of play with a ball."], "fix": ["FIX, v.t. L. firus, figo.", "1. To make stable; to set or establish immovably. The universe is governed by fixed laws.", "2. To set or place permanently; to establish. The prince fixed his residence at York. The seat of our government is fixed at Washington in the district of Columbia. Some men have no fixed opinions.", "3. To make fast; to fasten; to attach firmly; as, to fix a cord or line to a hook.", "4. To set or place steadily; to direct, as the eye, without moving it; to fasten. The gentleman fixed his eyes on the speaker, and addressed him with firmness.", "5. To set or direct steadily, without wandering; as, to fix the attention. The preacher fixes the attention of his audience, or the hearers fix their attention on the preacher.", "6. To set or make firm, so as to bear a high degree of heat without evaporating; to deprive of volatility. Gold, diamonds, silver, platina, are among the most fixed bodies.", "7. To transfix; to pierce. Little used.", "8. To withhold from motion.", "9. In popular use, to put in order; to prepare; to adjust; to set or place in the manner desired or most suitable; as, to fix clothes or dress; to fix the furniture of a room. this use is analogous to that of set, in the phrase, to set a razor.", "FIX, v.i.", "1. To rest; to settle or remain permanently; to cease from wandering.", "Your kindness banishes your fear, resolved to fix forever here.", "2. To become firm, so as to resist volatilization.", "3. To cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable; as a metallic substance.", "To fix on, to settle the opinion or resolution on any thing; to determine on. The contracting parties have fixed on certain leading points. the legislature fixed on Wethersfield as the place for a State Prison."], "fixed": ["FIX'ED, pp. Settled; established; firm; fast; stable.", "Fixed air, an invisible and permanently elastic fluid, heavier than common air and fatal to animal life, produced from the combustion of carbonaceous bodies, as wood or charcoal, and by artificial processes; called also aerial acid, cretaceous acid, and more generally, carbonic acid.", "Fixed bodies, are those which bear a high heat without evaporation or volatilization.", "Fixed stars, are such stars as always retain the same apparent position and distance with respect to each other, and are thus distinguished from planets and comets, which are revolving bodies.", "Fixed oils, such as are obtained by simple pressure, and are not readily volatilized; so called in distinction from volatile or essential oils."], "flag": ["FLAG, v.i. L. flacceo. See Flaccid. The sense is primarily to bend, or rather to recede, to lag.", "1. To hang loose without stiffness; to bend down as flexible bodies; to be loose and yielding; as the flagging sails.", "2. To grow spiritless or dejected; to droop; to grow languid; as, the spirits flag.", "3. To grow weak; to lose vigor; as, the strength flags.", "4. To become dull or languid.", "The pleasures of the town begin to flag.", "FLAG, v.t. To let fall into feebleness; to suffer to drop; as, to flag the wings.", "FLAG, n. A flat stone, or a pavement of flat stones."], "flagged": ["FLAG'GED, pp. Laid with flat stones."], "flagging": ["FLAG'GING, ppr. Growing weak; drooping; laying with flat stones."], "flagon": ["FLAG'ON, n. L. lagena; Gr.", "A vessel with a narrow mouth, used for holding and conveying liquors.", "Stay me with flagons, comfort me with apples; for I am sick of love."], "flake": ["FLAKE, n. L. floccus; Gr. Flake and flock are doubtless the same word, varied in orthography, and connected perhaps with L. plico, Gr. The sense is a complication, a crowd, or a lay.", "1. A small collection of snow, as it falls from the clouds or from the air; a little bunch or cluster of snowy crystals, such as fall in still moderate weather. This is a flake, lock or flock of snow.", "2. A platform of hurdles, or small sticks made fast or interwoven, supported by stanchions, on which cod-fish is dried.", "3. A layer or stratum; as a flake of flesh or tallow.", "Job. 41.", "4. A collection or little particle of fire, or of combustible matter on fire, separated and flying off.", "5. Any scaly matter in layers; any mass cleaving off in scales.", "Little flakes of scurf.", "6. A sort of carnations of two colors only, having large stripes going through the leaves.", "White-flake, in painting, is lead corroded by means of the pressing of grapes, or a ceruse prepared by the acid of grapes. It is brought from Italy, and of a quality superior to common white lead. It is used in oil and varnished painting, when a clean white is required.", "FLAKE, v.t. To form into flakes.", "FLAKE, v.i. To break or separate in layers; to peel or scale off. We more usually say, to flake off."], "flame": ["FLAME, n. L. flamma.", "1. A blaze; burning vapor; vapor in combustion; or according to modern chimistry, hydrogen or any inflammable gas, in a state of combustion, and naturally ascending in a stream from burning bodies being specifically lighter than common air.", "2. Fire in general.", "3. Heat of passion; tumult; combustion; blaze; violent contention. One jealous, tattling mischief-maker will set a whole village in a flame.", "4. Ardor of temper or imagination; brightness of fancy; vigor of thought.", "Great are their faults, and glorious is their flame.", "5. Ardor of inclination; warmth of affection.", "Smit with the love of kindred arts we came,", "And met congenial, mingling flame with flame.", "6. The passion of love; ardent love.", "My heart's on flame.", "7. Rage; violence; as the flames of war.", "FLAME, v.t. To inflame; to excite.", "FLAME, v.i.", "1. To blaze; to burn in vapor, or in a current; to burn as gas emitted from bodies in combustion.", "2. To shine like burning gas.", "In flaming yellow bright.", "3. To break out in violence of passion."], "flaming": ["FLA'MING, ppr.", "1. Burning in flame.", "2. a. Bright; red. Also, violent; vehement; as a flaming harangue.", "FLA'MING, n. A bursting out in a flame."], "flamingly": ["FLA'MINGLY, adv. Most brightly; with great show or vehemence."], "flank": ["FLANK, n. Eng. flag. Gr. probably connected with lank, and so called from its laxity, or from breadth.", "1. The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. Hence,", "2. The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment or battalion. To attack an enemy in flank, is to attack them on the side.", "3. In fortification, that part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the face, and defends the opposite face, the flank and the curtain; or it is a line drawn from the extremity of the face towards the inside of the work.", "FLANK, v.t.", "1. To attack the side or flank of an army or body of troops; or to place troops so as to command or attack the flank.", "2. To post so as to overlook or command on the side; as, to flank a passage.", "3. To secure or guard on the side; as flanked with rocks.", "FLANK, v.i.", "1. To border; to touch.", "2. To be posted on the side."], "flanked": ["FLANK'ED, pp. Attacked on the side; covered or commanded on the flank."], "flash": ["FLASH, n.", "1. A sudden burst of light; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and disappearing; as a flash of lightning.", "2. A sudden burst of flame and light; as instantaneous blaze; as the flash of a gun.", "3. A sudden burst, as of wit or merriment; as a flash of wit; a flash of joy or mirth.", "His companions recollect no instance of premature wit, no striking sentiment, no flash of fancy -", "4. A short, transient state.", "The Persians and Macedonians had it for a flash.", "5. A body of water driven by violence. Local.", "6. A little pool. Local.", "FLASH, v.i.", "1. To break forth, as a sudden flood of light; to burst or open instantly on the sight, as splendor. It differs from glitter, glisten and gleam in denoting a flood or wide extent of light. The latter words may express the issuing of light from a small object, or from a pencil of rays. A diamond may glitter or glisten, but it does not flash. Flash differs from other words also in denoting suddenness of appearance and disappearance.", "2. To burst or break forth with a flood of flame and light; as, the powder flashed in the pan. Flashing differs from exploding or disploding, in not being accompanied with a loud report.", "3. To burst out into any kind of violence.", "Every hour he flashes into one gross crime or other.", "4. To break out, as a sudden expression of wit, merriment or bright thought.", "FLASH, v.t.", "1. To strike up a body of water from the surface.", "He rudely flashed the waves.", "In this sense I believe this word is not used in America. 2. To strike or to throw like a burst of light; as, to flash conviction on the mind."], "flashing": ["FLASH'ING, ppr. Bursting forth as a flood of light, or of flame and light, or as wit, mirth or joy."], "flat": ["FLAT, a. L. latus, broad; Gr.; Eng. blade.", "1. Having an even surface, without risings or indentures, hills or valleys; as flat land.", "2. Horizontal; level; without inclination; as a flat roof; or with a moderate inclination or slope; for we often apply the word to the roof of a house that is not steep, though inclined.", "3. Prostrate; lying the whole length on the ground. He fell or lay flat on the ground.", "4. Not elevated or erect; fallen.", "Cease t'admire, and beauty's plumes fall flat.", "5. Level with the ground; totally fallen.", "What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat.", "6. In painting, wanting relief or prominence of the figures.", "7. Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as fruit flat to the taste.", "8. Dull; unanimated; frigid; without point or spirit; applied to discourses and compositions. The sermon was very flat.", "9. Depressed; spiritless; dejected.", "I feel - my hopes all flat.", "10. Unpleasing; not affording gratification.", "How flat and insipid are all the pleasures of this life!", "11. Peremptory; absolute; positive; downright. He gave the petitioner a flat denial.", "Thus repulsed, our final hope is flat despair.", "12. Not sharp or shrill; not acute; as a flat sound.", "13. Low, as the prices of goods; or dull, as sales.", "FLAT, n.", "1. A level or extended plain. In America, it is applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is level, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some extent.", "2. A level ground lying at a small depth under the surface of water; a shoal; a shallow; a strand; a sand bank under water.", "3. The broad side of a blade.", "4. Depression of thought or language.", "5. A surface without relief or prominences.", "6. In music, a mark of depression in sound. A flat denotes a fall or depression of half a tone.", "7. A boat, broad and flat-bottomed. A flat-bottomed boat is constructed for conveying passengers or troops, horses, carriages and baggage.", "FLAT, v.t.", "1. To level; to depress; to lay smooth or even; to make broad and smooth; to flatten.", "2. To make vapid or tasteless.", "3. To make dull or unanimated.", "FLAT, v.i.", "1. To grow flat; to fall to an even surface.", "2. To become insipid, or dull and unanimated."], "flatness": ["FLAT'NESS, n.", "1. Evenness of surface; levelness; equality of surface.", "2. Want of relief or prominence; as the flatness of a figure in sculpture.", "3. Deadness; vapidness; insipidity; as the flatness of cider or beer.", "4. Dejection of fortune; low state.", "The flatness of my misery.", "5. Dejection of mind; a low state of the spirits; depression; want of life.", "6. Dullness; want of point; insipidity; frigidity.", "Some of Homer's translators have swelled into fustian, and others sunk into flatness.", "7. Gravity of sound, as opposed to sharpness, acuteness or shrillness.", "Flatness of sound - joined with a harshness."], "flatted": ["FLAT'TED, pp. Made flat; rendered even on the surface; also, rendered vapid or insipid."], "flatter": ["FLAT'TER, n. The person or thing by which any thing is flattened.", "FLAT'TER, v.t. Flatter may be from the root of flat, that is, to make smooth, to appease, to soothe. L. plaudo. Perhaps flat and plaudo are from one root, the radical sense of which must be to extend, strain, stretch.", "1. To soothe by praise; to gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness; to please a person by applause or favorable notice, by respectful attention, or by any thing that exalts him in his own estimation, or confirms his good opinion of himself. We flatter a woman when we praise her children.", "A man that flattereth his neighbor, spreadeth a net for his feet. Prov. 29.", "2. To please; to gratify; as, to flatter one's vanity or pride.", "3. To praise falsely; to encourage by favorable notice; as, to flatter vices or crimes.", "4. To encourage by favorable representations or indications; as, to flatter hopes. We are flattered with the prospect of peace.", "5. To raise false hopes by representations not well founded; as, to flatter one with a prospect of success; to flatter a patient with the expectation of recovery when his case is desperate.", "6. To please; to soothe.", "A concert of voices - makes a harmony that flatters the ears.", "7. To wheedle; to coax; to attempt to win by blandishments, praise or enticements. How many young and credulous persons are flattered out of their innocence and their property, by seducing arts!"], "flattered": ["FLAT'TERED, pp. Soothed by praise; pleased by commendation; gratified with hopes, false or well founded; wheedled."], "flatterer": ["FLAT'TERER, n. One who flatters; a fawner; a wheedler; one who praises another, with a view to please him, to gain his favor, or to accomplish some purpose.", "When I tell him he hates flatterers,", "He says he does; being then most flattered.", "The most abject flatterers degenerate into the greatest tyrants."], "flattering": ["FLAT'TERING, ppr.", "1. Gratifying with praise; pleasing by applause; wheedling; coaxing.", "2. a. Pleasing to pride or vanity; gratifying to self-love; as a flattering eulogy. The minister gives a flattering account of his reception at court.", "3. Pleasing; favorable; encouraging hope. We have a flattering prospect of an abundant harvest. The symptoms of the disease are flattering.", "4. Practicing adulation; uttering false praise; as a flattering tongue."], "flatteringly": ["FLAT'TERINGLY, adv.", "1. In a flattering manner; in a manner to flatter.", "2. In a manner to favor; with partiality."], "flattery": ["FLAT'TERY, n.", "1. False praise; commendation bestowed for the purpose of gaining favor and influence, or to accomplish some purpose. Direct flattery consists in praising a person himself; indirect flattery consists in praising a person through his works or his connections.", "Simple pride for flattery makes demands.", "Just praise is only a debt, but flattery is a present.", "2. Adulation; obsequiousness; wheedling.", "3. Just commendation which gratifies self-love."], "flax": ["FLAX, n.", "1. A plant of the genus Linum, consisting of a single slender stalk, the skin or herl of which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, cambric, lawn, lace, &c. The skin consists of fine fibers, which may be so separated as to be spun into threads as fine as silk.", "2. The skin or fibrous part of the plant when broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing."], "flay": ["FLAY, v.t. Gr. whence bark, rind; probably a contracted word.", "1. To skin; to strip off the skin of an animal; as, to flay an ox.", "2. To take off the skin or surface of any thing. Not used."], "flayed": ["FLA'YED, pp. Skinned; stripped of the skin."], "flaying": ["FLA'YING, ppr. Stripping off the skin."], "flea": ["FLEA, n. See Flee and Fly.", "An insect of the genus Pulex. It has two eyes and six feet; the feelers are like threads; the rostrum is inflected, setaceous, and armed with a string. The flea is remarkable for its agility, leaping to a surprising distance, and its bite is very troublesome."], "fled": ["FLED, pret. and pp. of flee; as, truth has fled."], "flee": ["FLEE, v.i.", "1. To run with rapidity, as from danger; to attempt to escape; to hasten from danger or expected evil. The enemy fled at the first fire.", "Arise, take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt. Matt. 2.", "2. To depart; to leave; to hasten away.", "Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. James 4.", "3. To avoid; to keep at a distance from.", "Flee fornication; flee from idolatry. 1Cor. 6:10.", "To flee the question or from the question, in legislation, is said of a legislator who, when a question is to be put to the house, leaves his seat to avoid the dilemma of voting against his conscience, or giving an unpopular vote. In the phrases in which this verb appears to be transitive, there is really an ellipsis."], "fleece": ["FLEECE, n. flees. L. vellus, from vello, to pluck or tear off.", "The coat of wool shorn from a sheep at one time.", "FLEECE, v.t.", "1. To shear off a covering or growth of wool.", "2. To strip of money or property; to take from, by severe exactions, under color of law or justice, or pretext of necessity, or by virtue of authority. Arbitrary princes fleece their subjects; and clients complain that they are sometimes fleeced by their lawyers.", "This word is rarely or never used for plundering in war by a licentious soldiery; but is properly used to express a stripping by contributions levied on a conquered people.", "3. To spread over as with wool; to make white."], "fleeced": ["FLEE'CED, pp. Stripped by severe exactions.", "FLEE'CED, a. Furnished with a fleece or with fleeces; as, a sheep is well fleeced."], "fleecing": ["FLEE'CING, ppr. Stripping of money or property by severe demands of fees, taxes or contributions."], "flesh": ["FLESH, n. I know not the primary sense; it may be soft.", "1. A compound substance forming a large part of an animal, consisting of the softer solids, as distinguished from the bones and the fluids. Under the general appellation of flesh, we include the muscles, fat, glands &c., which invest the bones and are covered with the skin. It is sometimes restricted to the muscles.", "2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable.", "Flesh without being qualified with acids, is too alkalescent a diet.", "3. The body of beasts and fowls used as food, distinct from fish. In Lent, the Catholics abstain from flesh, but eat fish.", "4. The body, as distinguished from the soul.", "As if this flesh, which walls about our life,", "Were brass impregnable.", "5. Animal nature; animals of all kinds.", "The end of all flesh is come before me. Gen. 6.", "6. Men in general; mankind.", "My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh. Gen. 6.", "7. Human nature.", "The word was made flesh, and dwelt among us. John 1.", "8. Carnality; corporeal appetites.", "Fasting serves to mortify the flesh.", "The flesh lusteth against the spirit. Gal. 5.", "9. A carnal state; a state of unrenewed nature.", "They that are in the flesh cannot please God. Rom. 8.", "10. The corruptible body of man, or corrupt nature.", "Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God.", "1Cor. 15.", "11. The present life; the state of existence in this world.", "To abide in the flesh is more needful for you. Phil. 1.", "12. Legal righteousness, and ceremonial services.", "What shall we then say that Abraham, our father as pertaining to the flesh, hath found? Rom. 4. Gal. 3.", "13. Kindred; stock; family.", "He is our brother, and our flesh. Gen. 37.", "14. In botany, the soft pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root, fruit, &c., which is fit to be eaten.", "One flesh, denotes intimate relation. To be one flesh is to be closely united, as in marriage. Gen. 2. Eph. 5.", "After the flesh, according to outward appearances, John 8:", "Or according to the common powers of nature. Gal. 4.:", "Or according to sinful lusts and inclinations. Rom. 8.", "An arm of flesh, human strength or aid.", "FLESH, v.t.", "1. To initiate; a sportsman's use of the word, from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with the first game they take or other flesh.", "2. To harden; to accustom; to establish in any practice, as dogs by often feeding on any thing. Men fleshed in cruelty; women fleshed in malice.", "3. To glut; to satiate.", "The wild dog", "Shall flesh his tooth on every innocent."], "fleshed": ["FLESH'ED, pp.", "1. Initiated; accustomed; glutted.", "2. Fat; fleshy."], "fleshing": ["FLESH'ING, ppr. Initiating; making familiar; glutting."], "fleshhook": ["FLESH'HOOK, n. A hook to draw flesh from a pot or caldron. 1Sam. 2."], "fleshiness": ["FLESH'INESS, n. from fleshy. Abundance of flesh or fat in animals; plumpness; corpulence; grossness."], "fleshy": ["FLESH'Y, a.", "1. Full of flesh; plump; musculous.", "The sole of his foot is fleshy.", "2. Fat; gross; corpulent; as a fleshy man.", "3. Corporeal.", "4. Full of pulp; pulpous; plump; as fruit."], "fleshliness": ["FLESH'LINESS, n. Carnal passions and appetites."], "fleshly": ["FLESH'LY, a.", "1. Pertaining to the flesh; corporeal.", "2. Carnal; worldly; lascivious.", "Abstain from fleshly lusts. 1Pet. 2.", "3. Animal; not vegetable.", "4. Human; not celestial; not spiritual or divine.", "Vain of fleshly arm.", "Fleshly wisdom. 2Cor. 1."], "flew": ["FLEW, pret. of fly.", "The people flew upon the spoil. 1Sam. 14."], "flewed": ["FLEW'ED, a. Chapped; mouthed; deep-mouthed."], "flight": ["FLIGHT, n. See Fly.", "1. The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to escape danger or expected evil; hasty departure.", "Pray ye that your flight be not in winter. Matt. 24.", "To put to flight, to turn to flight, is to compel to run away; to force to escape.", "2. The act of flying; a passing through the air by the help of wings; volation; as the flight of birds and insects.", "3. The manner of flying. Every fowl has its particular flight; the flight of the eagle is high; the flight of the swallow is rapid, with sudden turns.", "4. Removal from place to place by flying.", "5. A flock of birds flying in company; as a flight of pigeons or wild geese.", "6. A number of beings flying or moving through the air together; as a flight of angels.", "7. A number of things passing through the air together; a volley; as a flight of arrows.", "8. A periodical flying of birds in flocks; as the spring flight or autumnal flight of ducks or pigeons.", "9. In England, the birds produced in the same season.", "10. The space passed by flying.", "11. A mounting; a soaring; lofty elevation and excursion; as a flight of imagination or fancy; a flight of ambition.", "12. Excursion; wandering; extravagant sally; as a flight of folly.", "13. The power of flying.", "14. In certain lead works, a substance that flies off in smoke.", "Flight of stairs, the series of stairs from the floor, or from one platform to another."], "flightness": ["FLIGHTNESS, n. The state of being flighty; wildness; slight delirium."], "flint": ["FLINT, n.", "1. In natural history, a sub-species of quartz, of a yellowish or bluish gray, or grayish black color. It is amorphous, interspersed in other stones, or in nodules or rounded lumps. Its surface is generally uneven, and covered with a rind or crust, either calcarious or argillaceous. It is very hard, strikes fire with steel, and is an ingredient in glass.", "2. A piece of the above described stone used in firearms to strike fire.", "3. Any thing proverbially hard; as a heart of flint."], "flinty": ["FLINT'Y, a.", "1. Consisting of flint; as a flinty rock.", "2. Like flint; very hard, not impressible; as a flinty heart.", "3. Cruel; unmerciful; inexorable.", "4. Full of flint stones, as flinty ground.", "Flinty-slate, a mineral of two kinds, the common and the Lydian stone."], "float": ["FLOAT, n.", "1. That which swims or is borne on water; as a float of weeds and rushes. But particularly, a body or collection of timber, boards or planks fastened together and conveyed down a stream; a raft. The latter word is more generally used in the United States.", "2. The cork or quill used on an angling line, to support it and discover the bite of a fish.", "3. The act of flowing; flux; flood; the primary sense, but obsolete.", "4. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one deep.", "5. A wave. L. fuctus.", "FLOAT, v.i. L. fluo, to flow.", "1. To be borne or sustained on the surface of a fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up; not to sink; not to be aground. We say, the water is so shallow, the ship will not float."], "floated": ["FLO'ATED, pp.", "1. Flooded; overflowed.", "2. Borne on water."], "floating": ["FLO'ATING, ppr.", "1. Swimming; conveying on water; overflowing.", "2. Lying flat on the surface of the water; as a floating leaf."], "flock": ["FLOCK, n. L. floccus. It is the same radically as flake, and applied to wool or hair, we write it lock. See Flake.", "1. A company or collection; applied to sheep and other small animals. A flock of sheep answers to a herd of larger cattle. But the word may sometimes perhaps be applied to larger beasts, and in the plural, flocks may include all kinds of domesticated animals.", "2. A company or collection of fowls of any kind, and when applied to birds on the wing, a flight; as a flock of wild-geese; a flock of ducks; a flock of blackbirds. in the United States, flocks of wild-pigeons sometimes darken the air.", "3. A body or crowd of people. little used. Gr. a troop.", "4. A lock of wool or hair. Hence, a flockbed.", "FLOCK, v.i. To gather in companies or crowds; applied to men or other animals. People flock together. They flock to the play-house.", "Friends daily flock."], "flocking": ["FLOCK'ING, ppr. Collecting or running together in a crowd."], "flood": ["FLOOD, n. flud.", "1. A great flow of water; a body of moving water; particularly, a body of water, rising, swelling and overflowing land not usually covered with water. Thus there is a flood, every spring, in the Connecticut, which inundates the adjacent meadows. There is an annual flood in the Nile, and in the Mississippi.", "2. The flood, by way of eminence, the deluge; the great body of water which inundated the earth in the days of Noah. Before the flood, men live to a great age.", "3. A river; a sense chiefly poetical.", "4. The flowing of the tide; the semi-diurnal swell or rise of water in the ocean; opposed to ebb. The ship entered the harbor on the flood. Hence flood-tide; young flood; high flood.", "5. A great quantity; an inundation; an overflowing; abundance; superabundance; as a flood of bank notes; a flood of paper currency.", "6. A great body or stream of any fluid substance; as a flood of light; a flood of lava. Hence, figuratively, a flood of vice.", "7. Menstrual discharge.", "FLOOD, v.t. To overflow; to inundate; to deluge; as, to flood a meadow."], "flooded": ["FLOOD'ED, pp. Overflowed inundated."], "flooding": ["FLOOD'ING, ppr. Overflowing; inundating.", "FLOOD'ING, n. Any preternatural discharge of blood from the uterus."], "floor": ["FLOOR, n. flore. In early ages, the inhabitants of Europe had no floor in their huts, but the ground. The sense of the word is probably that which is laid or spread.", "1. That part of a building or room on which we walk; the bottom or lower part, consisting, in modern houses, of boards, plands or pavement; as the floor of a house, room, bar, stable or outhouse.", "2. A platform of boards or plans laid on timbers, as in a bridge; any similar platform.", "3. A story in a building; as the first or second floor.", "4. A floor or earthen floor is still used in some kinds of business, made of loam, or of lime, sand and iron dust, as in malting.", "5. The bottom of a ship, or that part which is nearly horizontal.", "FLOOR, v.t. To lay a floor; to cover timbers with a floor; to furnish with a floor; as, to floor a house with pine boards."], "floored": ["FLOOR'ED, Covered with boards, plank or pavement; furnished with a floor."], "flooring": ["FLOOR'ING, ppr. Laying a floor; furnishing with a floor.", "FLOOR'ING, n.", "1. A platform; the bottom of a room or building; pavement.", "2. Materials for floors."], "flour": ["FLOUR, n. originally flower; L. flos, floris, from floreo, to flourish.", "The edible part of corn; meal. In the United States, the modern practice is to make a distinction between flour and meal; the word flour being more usually applied to the finer part of meal, separated from the bran, as wheat flour, rye flour. This is a just and useful distinction.", "FLOUR, v.t.", "1. To grind and bolt; to convert into flour. Wheat used formerly to be sent to market; but now great quantities of it are floured in the interior country.", "2. To sprinkle with flour."], "floured": ["FLOUR'ED, pp. Converted into flour; sprinkled with flour."], "flouring": ["FLOUR'ING, ppr. Converting into flour; sprinkling with flour."], "flourish": ["FLOURISH, v.i. flur'ish. L. floresco, from floreo. The primary sense is to open, expand, enlarge, or to shoot out, as in glory, L. ploro.", "1. To thrive; to grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant. The beech and the maple flourish best in a deep, rich and moist loam.", "2. To be prosperous; to increase in wealth or honor.", "Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means of their wickedness.", "When all the workers of iniquity do flourish. Ps. 92.", "3. To grow in grace and in good works; to abound in the consolations of religion.", "The righteous shall flourish like the palmtree. Ps. 92.", "4. To be in a prosperous state; to grow or be augmented. We say agriculture flourishes, commerce flourishes, manufactures flourish.", "5. To use florid language; to make a display of figures and lofty expressions; to be copious and flowery.", "They dilate and flourish long on little incidents.", "6. To make bold strokes in writing; to make large and irregular lines; as, to flourish with the pen.", "7. To move or play in bold and irregular figures.", "Impetuous spread the stream, and smoking, flourished o're his head.", "8. In music, to play with bold and irregular notes, or without settled form; as, to flourish on an organ or violin.", "9. To boast; to vaunt; to brag.", "FLOURISH, v.t. flur'ish.", "1. To adorn with flowers or beautiful figures, either natural or artificial; to ornament with any thing showy.", "2. To spread out; to enlarge into figures.", "3. To move in bold or irregular figures; to move in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish; as, to flourish a sword.", "4. To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a parade of words.", "5. To adorn; to embellish.", "6. To mark with a flourish or irregular stroke.", "The day book and inventory book shall be flourished.", "FLOURISH, n. flur'ish.", "1. Beauty; showy splendor.", "The flourish of his sober youth.", "2. Ostentatious embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of words and figures; show; as a flourish of rhetoric; a flourish of wit.", "He lards with flourishes his long harangue.", "3. Figures formed by bold, irregular lines, or fanciful strokes of the pen or graver; as the flourishes about a great letter.", "4. A brandishing; the waving of a weapon or other thing; as the flourish of a sword."], "flourished": ["FLOURISHED, pp. flur'ished. Embellished; adorned with bold and irregular figures or lines; brandished."], "flourisher": ["FLOURISHER, n. flur'isher.", "1. One who flourishes; one who thrives or prospers.", "2. One who brandishes.", "3. One who adorns with fanciful figures."], "flourishing": ["FLOURISHING, ppr. or a. flur'ishing. Thriving; prosperous; increasing; making a show."], "flourishingly": ["FLOURISHINGLY, adv. flur'ishingly. With flourishes; ostentatiously."], "flow": ["FLOW, v.i. L. fluo, contracted from fugo, for it forms fluri, fuctum. In one case, the word would agree with the root of blow, L. flo; in the other, with the root of fly.", "1. To move along an inclined plane, or on descending ground, by the operation of gravity, and with a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a fluid. A solid body descends or moves in mass, as a ball or a wheel; but in the flowing of liquid substances, and others consisting of very fine particles, there is a constant change of the relative position of some parts of the substance, as in the case with a stream of water, of quicksilver, and of sand. Particles at the bottom and sides of the stream, being somewhat checked by friction, move slower than those in the middle and near the surface of the current. Rivers flow from springs and lakes; tears flow from the eyes.", "2. To melt; to become liquid.", "That the mountains might flow down at they presence.", "Is. 64.", "3. To proceed; to issue. Evils flow from different sources. Wealth flows from industry and economy. All our blessings flow from divine bounty", "4. To abound; to have in abundance.", "In that day the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk. Joel 3.", "5. To be full; to be copious; as flowing cups or goblets.", "6. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperity; as a flowing period; flowing numbers.", "7. To be smooth, as composition or utterance. The orator has a flowing tongue.", "Virgil is sweet and flowing in his hexameters.", "8. To hang loose and waving; as a flowing mantle; flowing locks.", "The imperial purple flowing in his train.", "9. To rise, as the tide; opposed to ebb. The tide flows twice in twenty four hours.", "10. To move in the arteries and veins of the body; to circulate, as blood.", "11. To issue, as rays or beams of light.", "Light flows from the sun.", "12. To move in a stream, as air.", "FLOW, v.t. To cover with water; to overflow; to inundate. The low grounds along the river are annually flowed."], "flowed": ["FLOWED, pp. Overflowed; inundated."], "flowing": ["FLOWING, ppr. Moving as a fluid; issuing; proceeding; abounding; smooth, as style; inundating.", "FLOWING, n. The act of running or moving as a fluid; an issuing; an overflowing; rise of water."], "flowingly": ["FLOWINGLY, adv. With volubility; with abundance."], "flower": ["FLOW'ER, n. L. flos, floris, a flower; floreo, to blossom. See Flourish.", "1. In botany, that part of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with their coverings. A flower, when complete, consists of a calyx, corol, stamen and pistil; but the essential parts are the anther and stigma, which are sufficient to constitute a flower, either together in hermaphrodite flowers, or separate in male and female flowers.", "2. In vulgar acceptation, a blossom or flower is the flower bud of a plant, when the petals are expanded; open petals being considered as the principal thing in constituting a flower. But in botany, the petals are now considered as a finer sort of covering, and not at all necessary to constitute a flower.", "3. The early part of life, or rather of manhood; the prime; youthful vigor; youth; as the flower of age or of life.", "4. The best or finest part of a thing; the most valuable part. The most active and vigorous part of an army are called the flower of the troops. Young, vigorous and brave men are called the flower of a nation.", "5. The finest part; the essence.", "The choice and flower of all things profitable the Psalms do more briefly contain.", "6. He or that which is most distinguished for any thing valuable. We say, the youth are the flower of the country.", "7. The finest part of grain pulverized. In this sense, it is now always written flour, which see.", "1. Flowers, in chimistry, fine particles of bodies, especially when raised by fire in sublimation, and adhering to the heads of vessels in the form of a powder or mealy substance; as the flowers of sulphur.", "A substance, somewhat similar, formed spontaneously, is called efforescence.", "2. In rhetoric, figures and ornaments of discourse or composition.", "3. Menstrual discharges.", "FLOW'ER, v.i. from the noun. The corresponding word in L. is floreo.", "1. To blossom; to bloom; to expand the petals, as a plant. In New England peach trees usually flower in April, and apple trees in May.", "2. To be in the prime and spring of life; to flourish; to be youthful, fresh and vigorous.", "When flowered my youthful spring.", "3. To froth; to ferment gently; to mantle, as new beer.", "The beer did flower a little.", "4. To come as cream from the surface.", "FLOW'ER, v.t. To embellish with figures of flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers."], "flowered": ["FLOW'ERED, pp. Embellished with figures of flowers."], "flowering": ["FLOW'ERING, ppr.", "1. Blossoming; blooming; expanding the petals, as plants.", "2. Adorning with artificial flowers, or figures of blossoms.", "FLOW'ERING, n.", "1. The season when plants blossom.", "2. The act of adorning with flowers."], "flute": ["FLUTE, n. L. flo, flatus, to blow, or L. fluta, a lamprey, with the same number of holes.", "1. A small wind instrument; a pipe with lateral holes or stops, played by blowing with the mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with the fingers.", "2. A channel in a column or pillar; a perpendicular furrow or cavity, cut along the shaft of a column or pilaster; so called from its resemblance to a flute. It is used chiefly in the Ionic order; sometimes in the Composite and Corinthian; rarely in the Doric and Tuscan. It is called also a reed.", "3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs or floor timbers, round behind, and swelled in the middle; a different orthography of float, flota.", "Armed in flute. An armed ship, with her guns of the lower tier and part of those of the upper tier removed, used as a transport, is said to be armed in flute.", "FLUTE, v.i. To play on a flute.", "FLUTE, v.t. To form flutes or channels in a column."], "fluted": ["FLU'TED, pp. or a.", "1. Channeled; furrowed; as a column.", "2. In music, thin; fine; flutelike; as fluted notes."], "fluting": ["FLU'TING, ppr. Channeling; cutting furrows; as in a column.", "FLU'TING, n. A channel or furrow in a column; fluted work."], "flutter": ["FLUT'TER, v.i.", "1. To move or flap the wings rapidly, without flying, or with short flights; to hover.", "As an eagle stirreth up her next, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings - Deut. 32.", "2. To move about briskly, irregularly or with great bustle and show, without consequence.", "No rag, no scrap of all the beau or wit, that once so fluttered, and that once so writ.", "3. To move with quick vibrations or undulations; as a fluttering fan; a fluttering sail.", "4. To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to fluctuate; to be in uncertainty.", "How long we fluttered on the wings of doubtful success.", "His thoughts are very fluttering and wandering.", "FLUT'TER, v.t.", "1. To drive in disorder. Little used.", "2. To hurry the mind; to agitate.", "3. To disorder; to throw into confusion.", "FLUT'TER, n.", "1. Quick and irregular motion; vibration; undulation; as the flutter of a fan.", "2. Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind.", "3. Confusion; disorder; irregularity in position."], "fluttered": ["FLUT'TERED, pp. Agitated; confused; disordered."], "fluttering": ["FLUT'TERING, ppr. Flapping the wings without flight or with short flights; hovering; fluctuating; agitating; throwing into confusion.", "FLUT'TERING, n. The act of hovering, or flapping the wings without flight; a wavering agitation."], "flux": ["FLUX, n. L. fluxus, fluo, fluxi.", "1. The act of flowing; the motion or passing of a fluid.", "2. The moving or passing of any thing in continued succession. Things in this life, are in a continual flux.", "3. Any flow or issue of matter. In medicine, an extraordinary issue or evacuation from the bowels or other part; as the bloody flux or dysentery, hepatic flux, &c.", "4. In hydrography, the flow of the tide. The ebb is called reflux.", "5. In metallurgy, any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as alkalies, borax, tartar and other saline matter, or in large operations limestone or fluor. Alkaline fluxes are either the crude, the white or the black flux.", "6. Fusion; a liquid state from the operation of heat.", "7. That which flows or is discharged.", "8. Concourse; confluence. Little used.", "FLUX, a. Flowing; moving; maintained by a constant succession of parts; inconstant; variable. Not well authorized.", "FLUX, v.t.", "1. To melt; to fuse; to make fluid.", "One part of mineral alkali will flux two of siliceous earth with effervescence.", "2. To salivate. Little used."], "fluxed": ["FLUX'ED, pp. Melted; fused; reduced to a flowing state."], "fly": ["FLY, v.i.", "1. To move through air by the aid of wings, as fowls.", "2. To pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse; as, clouds and vapors fly before the wind. A ball flies from a cannon, an arrow from a bow.", "3. To rise in air, as light substances, by means of a current of air or by having less specific gravity than air, as smoke.", "Man is born to trouble, as the sparks fly upward. Job. 5.", "4. To move or pass with velocity or celerity, either on land or water. He flew to the relief of his distressed friend. The ship flies upon the main.", "5. To move rapidly, in any manner; as, a top flies about.", "6. To pass away; to depart; with the idea of haste, swiftness or escape. The bird has flown.", "7. To pass rapidly, as time. Swift fly the fleeting hours.", "8. To part suddenly or with violence; to burst, as a bottle.", "9. To spring by an elastic force.", "10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report.", "11. To flee; to run away; to attempt to escape; to escape.", "I'll fly from shepherds, flocks, and flowery plains.", "12. To flutter; to vibrate or play; as a flag in the wind.", "To fly at, to spring towards; to rush on; to fall on suddenly. A hen flies at a dog or cat; a dog flies at a man.", "1. To fly in the face, to insult.", "2. To assail; to resist; to set at defiance; to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition.", "1. To fly off, to separate or depart suddenly.", "2. To revolt.", "To fly open, to open suddenly or with violence; as, the doors flew open.", "1. To fly out, to rush out; also, to burst into a passion.", "2. To break out into license.", "3. To start or issue with violence from any direction.", "1. To let fly, to discharge; to throw or drive with violence; as, to let fly a shower of darts.", "2. In seamanship, to let go suddenly. Let fly the sheets.", "FLY, v.t. This is used for flee, and from is understood after fly, so that it can hardly be called a transitive verb.", "1. To shun; to avoid; to decline; as, to fly the sight of one we hate. That is, primarily, to flee from", "Sleep flies the wretch.", "2. To quit by flight.", "3. To attack by a bird of prey. Not used.", "4. To cause to float in the air.", "FLY, n.", "1. In zoology, a winged insect of various species, whose distinguishing characteristic is that the wings are transparent. By this flies are distinguished from beetles, butterflies, grasshoppers, &c. Of flies, some have two wings and others four.", "In common language, fly is the house fly, of the genus Musca.", "2. In mechanics, a cross with leaden weights at the ends, or a heavy wheel at right angles with the axis of a windlass, jack or the like. The use of this is, to regulate and equalize the motion in all parts of the revolution of the machine.", "3. That part of a vane which points and shows which way the wind blows.", "4. The extent of an ensign, flag or pendant from the staff to the end that flutters loose in the wind."], "flying": ["FLYING, ppr.", "1. Moving in air by means of wings; passing rapidly; springing; bursting; avoiding.", "2. a. Floating; waving; as flying colors.", "3. a. Moving; light, and suited for prompt motion; as a flying camp.", "Flying colors, a phrase expressing triumph."], "foal": ["FOAL, n. L. pullus; Gr. The primary sense of the verb is to shoot, to cast or throw, to fall. The same verb in Heb. signifies to unite, to fasten. The verb belongs probably to the root of Eng. fall and foul with a different prefix. Foal is literally a shoot, issue, or that which is cast, or which falls.", "The young of the equine genus of quadrupeds and of either sex; a colt; a filly.", "FOAL, v.t. To bring forth a colt or filly; to bring forth young as a mare or a she-ass."], "foam": ["FOAM, n. L. fumo, to smoke, to foam.", "Froth; spume; the substance which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles.", "FOAM, v.i.", "1. To froth; to gather foam. The billows foam. A horse foams at the mouth when violently heated.", "2. To be in a rage; to be violently agitated.", "He foameth and gnasheth with his teeth. Mark 9.", "FOAM, v.t. To throw out with rage or violence; with out.", "Foaming out their own shame. Jude 13."], "foaming": ["FOAMING, ppr. Frothing; fuming."], "foamingly": ["FOAMINGLY, adv. Frothily."], "fodder": ["FOD'DER, n.", "1. Food or dry food for cattle, horses and sheep, as hay, straw and other kinds of vegetables. The word is never applied to pasture.", "2. In mining, a measure containing 20 hundred, or 22 1/2 hundred.", "FOD'DER, v.t. To feed with dry food, or cut grass, &c.; to furnish with hay, straw, oats, &c. Farmers fodder their cattle twice or thrice in a day."], "foddered": ["FOD'DERED, pp. Fed with dry food, or cut grass, &c.; as, to fodder cows."], "fodderer": ["FOD'DERER, n. He who fodders cattle."], "foddering": ["FOD'DERING, ppr. Feeding with dry food, &c."], "foe": ["FOE, n. fo. See Fiend.", "1. An enemy; one who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge or malice against another.", "A man's foes shall be they of his own household. Matt. 10.", "2. An enemy in war; one of a nation at war with another, whether he entertains enmity against the opposing nation or not; an adversary.", "Either three years famine, or three months to be destroyed before they foes. 1Chron. 21.", "3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used to denote an opposing army, or nation at war.", "4. An opponent; an enemy; one who opposes any thing in principle; an ill-wisher; as a foe to religion; a foe to virtue; a foe to the measures of the administration.", "FOE, v.t. To treat as an enemy. Obs."], "fold": ["FOLD, n. See the verb, to fold.", "1. A pen or inclosure for sheep; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in the field or under shelter.", "2. A flock of sheep. Hence in a scriptural sense, the church, the flock of the Shepherd of Israel.", "Other sheep I have, which are not of this fold. John 10.", "3. A limit. Not in use.", "FOLD, n.", "1. The doubling of any flexible substance, as cloth; complication; a plait; one part turned or bent and laid on another; as a fold of linen.", "2. In composition, the same quantity added; as two fold, four fold, ten fold, that is, twice as much, four times as much, ten times as much.", "FOLD, v.t. Heb. The primary sense is to fall, or to lay, to set, throw or press together.", "1. To double; to lap or lay in plaits; as, to fold a piece of cloth.", "2. To double and insert one part in another; as, to fold a letter.", "3. To double or lay together, as the arms. He folds his arms in despair.", "4. To confine sheep in a fold.", "FOLD, v.i. To close over another of the same kind; as, the leaves of the door fold."], "folded": ["FOLDED, pp. Doubled; laid in plaits; complicated; kept in a fold."], "folding": ["FOLDING, ppr.", "1. Doubling; laying in plaits; keeping in a fold.", "2. a. Doubling; that may close over another, or that consists of leaves which may close one over another; as a folding door.", "FOLDING, n.", "1. A fold; a doubling.", "2. Among farmers, the keeping of sheep in inclosures on arable land, &c."], "folk": ["FOLK, n. foke. L. vulgus. The sense is a crowd, from collecting or pressing, not from following, but from the same root, as to follow is to press toward. Gr. Originally and properly it had no plural, being a collective noun; but in modern use, in America, it has lost its singular number, and we hear it only in the plural. It is a colloquial word, not admissible into elegant style.", "1. People in general, or any part of them without distinction. What do folks say respecting the war? Men love to talk about the affairs of other folks.", "2. Certain people, discriminated from others; as old folks, and young folks. Children sometimes call their parents, the old folks. So we say sick folks; poor folks; proud folks.", "3. In scripture, the singular number is used; as a few sick folk; impotent folk. Mark 6. John 5.", "4. Animals.", "The coneys are but a feeble folk. Prov. 30."], "folliful": ["FOL'LIFUL, a. Full of folly. Not used."], "folly": ["FOL'LY, n. See Fool.", "1. Weakness of intellect; imbecility of mind. want of understanding.", "A fool layeth open his folly. Prov. 13.", "2. A weak or absurd act not highly criminal; an act which is inconsistent with the dictates of reason, or with the ordinary rules of prudence. In this sense it may be used in the singular, but is generally in the plural. Hence we speak of the follies of youth.", "3. An absurd act which is highly sinful; any conduct contrary to the laws of God or man; sin; scandalous crimes; that which violates moral precepts and dishonors the offender. Shechem wrought folly in Israel. Achan wrought folly in Israel. Gen. 34. Josh. 7.", "4. Criminal weakness; depravity of mind."], "follow": ["FOL'LOW, v.t.", "1. To go after or behind; to walk, ride or move behind, but in the same direction. Soldiers will usually follow a brave officer.", "2. To pursue; to chase; as an enemy, or as game.", "3. To accompany; to attend in a journey.", "And Rebekah arose, and her damsels, and they rode on the camels, and followed the man. Gen. 24.", "4. To accompany; to be of the same company; to attend, for any purpose. Luke 5.", "5. To succeed in order of time; to come after; as a storm is followed by a calm.", "Signs following signs lead on the mighty year.", "6. To be consequential; to result from, as effect from a cause. Intemperance is often followed by disease or poverty, or by both.", "7. To result from, as an inference or deduction. It follows from these facts that the accused is guilty.", "8. To pursue with the eye; to keep the eyes fixed on a moving body. He followed or his eyes followed the ship, till it was beyond sight.", "He followed with his eyes the fleeting shade.", "9. To imitate; to copy; as, to follow a pattern or model; to follow fashion.", "10. To embrace; to adopt and maintain; to have or entertain like opinions; to think or believe like another; as, to follow the opinions and tenets of a philsophic sect; to follow Plato.", "11. To obey; to observe; to practice; to act in conformity to. It is our duty to follow the commands of Christ. Good soldiers follow the orders of their general; good servants follow the directions of their master.", "12. To pursue as an object of desire; to endeavor to obtain.", "Follow peace with all men. Heb. 12.", "13. To use; to practice; to make the chief business; as, to follow the trade of a carpenter; to follow the profession of law.", "14. To adhere to; to side with.", "The house of Judah followed David. 2Sam. 2.", "15. To adhere to; to honor; to worship; to serve.", "If the Lord be God, follow him. 1Kings 18.", "16. To be led or guided by.", "Wo to the foolish prophets, who follow their own spirit, and have seen nothing. Ezek. 13.", "17. To move on in the same course or direction; to be guided by; as, to follow a track or course.", "FOL'LOW, v.i.", "1. To come after another.", "The famine - shall follow close after you. Jer. 42.", "2. To attend; to accompany.", "3. To be posterior in time; as following ages.", "4. To be consequential, as effect to cause. From such measures, great mischiefs must follow.", "5. To result, as an inference. The facts may be admitted, but the inference drawn from them does not follow.", "To follow on, to continue pursuit or endeavor; to persevere.", "Then shall we know, if we follow on to know the Lord.", "Hosea 6."], "followed": ["FOL'LOWED, pp. Pursued; succeeded; accompanied; attended; imitated; obeyed; observed; practiced; adhered to."], "follower": ["FOL'LOWER, n.", "1. One who comes, goes or moves after another, in the same course.", "2. One that takes another as his guide in doctrines, opinions or example; one who receives the opinions, and imitates the example of another; an adherent; an imitator.", "That ye be not slothful, but followers of them who, through faith and patience, inherit the promises. Heb. 6.", "3. One who obeys, worships and honors.", "Be ye followers of God, as dear children. Eph. 5.", "4. An adherent; a disciple; one who embraces the same system; as a follower of Plato.", "5. An attendant; a companion; an associate or a dependent. The warrior distributed the plunder among his followers.", "No follower, but a friend.", "6. One under the command of another.", "7. One of the same faction or party."], "following": ["FOL'LOWING, ppr. Coming or going after or behind; pursuing; attending; imitating; succeeding in time; resulting from as an effect or an inference; adhering to; obeying, observing; using, practicing; proceeding in the same course."], "food": ["FOOD, n. See Feed.", "1. In a general sense, whatever is eaten by animals for nourishment, and whatever supplies nutriment to plants.", "2. Meat; aliment; flesh or vegetables eaten for sustaining human life; victuals; provisions; whatever is or may be eaten for nourishment.", "Feed me with food convenient for me. Prov. 30.", "3. Whatever supplies nourishment and growth to plants, as water, carbonic acid gas, &c. Manuring substances furnish plants with food.", "4. Something that sustains, nourishes and augments. Flattery is the food of vanity.", "FOOD, v.t. To feed. Not in use."], "foodful": ["FOOD'FUL, a. Supplying food; full of food."], "fool": ["FOOL, n. Heb.", "1. One who is destitute of reason, or the common powers of understanding; an idiot. Some persons are born fools, and are called natural fools; others may become fools by some injury done to the brain.", "2. In common language, a person who is somewhat deficient in intellect, but not an idiot; or a person who acts absurdly; one who does not exercise his reason; one who pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom.", "Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other.", "3. In scripture, fool is often used for a wicked or depraved person; one who acts contrary to sound wisdom in his moral deportment; one who follows his own inclinations, who prefers trifling and temporary pleasures to the service of God and eternal happiness.", "The fool hath said in his heart, there is no God. Ps. 14.", "4. A weak christian; a godly person who has much remaining sin and unbelief.", "O fools, and slow of heart to believe all the prophets have written. Luke 24.", "Also, one who is accounted or called a food by ungodly men. 1Cor. 4:10.", "5. A term of indignity and reproach.", "To be thought knowing, you must first put the fool upon all mankind.", "6. One who counterfeits folly; a buffoon; as a king's fool.", "I scorn, although their drudge, to be their fool or jester.", "1. To play the fool, to act the buffoon; to jest; to make sport.", "2. To act like one void of understanding.", "To put the fool on, to impose on; to delude.", "To make a fool of, to frustrate; to defeat; to disappoint.", "FOOL, v.i. To trifle; to toy; to spend time in idleness, sport or mirth.", "Is this a time for fooling?", "FOOL, v.t.", "1. To treat with contempt; to disappoint; to defeat; to frustrate; to deceive; to impose on.", "When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat; for fooled with hope, men favor the deceit.", "2. To infatuate; to make foolish.", "3. To cheat; as, to fool one out of his money.", "1. To fool away, to spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without advantage; as, to fool away time.", "2. To spend for things of no value or use; to expend improvidently; as, to fool away money."], "fooled": ["FOOL'ED, pp. Disappointed; defeated; deceived; imposed on."], "fooling": ["FOOL'ING, ppr. Defeating; disappointing; deceiving."], "foolish": ["FOOL'ISH, a.", "1. Void of understanding or sound judgment; weak in intellect; applied to general character.", "2. Unwise; imprudent; acting without judgment or discretion in particular things.", "3. Proceeding from folly, or marked with folly; silly; vain; trifling.", "But foolish questions avoid. 2Tim. 2.", "4. Ridiculous; despicable.", "A foolish figure he must make.", "5. In scripture, wicked; sinful; acting without regard to the divine law and glory, or to one's own eternal happiness.", "O foolish Galatians - Ga. 3.", "6. Proceeding from depravity; sinful; as foolish lusts. 1Tim. 6."], "foolishness": ["FOOL'ISHNESS, n.", "1. Folly; want of understanding.", "2. Foolish practice; want of wisdom or good judgment.", "3. In a scriptural sense, absurdity; folly.", "The preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness. 1Cor. 1."], "foolishly": ["FOOL'ISHLY, adv.", "1. Weakly; without understanding or judgment; unwisely; indiscreetly.", "2. Wickedly; sinfully.", "I have done very foolishly. 2Sam. 24."], "foot": ["FOOT, n. plu. feet. L. pes, pedis. Probably this word is allied to the Gr. to walk, to tread. Eng. verb, to tread.", "1. In animal bodies, the lower extremity of the leg; the part of the leg which treads the earth in standing or walking, and by which the animal is sustained and enabled to step.", "2. That which bears some resemblance to an animal's foot in shape or office; the lower end of any thing that supports a body; as the foot of a table.", "3. The lower part; the base; as the foot of a column or of a mountain.", "4. The lower part; the bottom; as the foot of an account; the foot of a sail.", "5. Foundation; condition; state. We are not on the same foot with our fellow citizens. In this sense, it is more common, in America, to use footing; and in this sense the plural is not used.", "6. Plan of establishment; fundamental principles. Our constitution may hereafter be placed on a better foot.", "In this sense the plural is not used.", "7. In military language, soldiers who march and fight on foot; infantry, as distinguished from cavalry.", "In this sense the plural is not used.", "8. A measure consisting of twelve inches; supposed to be taken from the length of a man's foot. Geometricians divide the foot into 10 digits, and the digit into 10 lines.", "9. In poetry, a certain number of syllables, constituting part of a verse; as the iambus, the dactyl, and the spondee.", "10. Step; pace.", "11. Level; par. obs.", "12. The part of a stocking or boot which receives the foot.", "By foot, or rather, on foot, by walking, as to go or pass on foot; or by fording, as to pass a stream on foot. See the next definition.", "To set on foot, to originate; to begin; to put in motion; as, to set on foot a subscription. Hence, to be on foot, is to be in motion, action or process of execution.", "FOOT, v.i.", "1. To dance; to tread to measure or music; to skip.", "2. To walk; opposed to ride or fly. In this sense, the word is commonly followed by it.", "If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can foot it farthest.", "FOOT, v.t.", "1. To kick; to strike with the foot; to spurn.", "2. To settle; to begin to fix. Little used.", "3. To tread; as, to foot the green.", "4. To add the numbers in a column, and set the sum at the foot; as, to foot an account.", "5. To seize and hold with the foot. Not used.", "6. To add or make a foot; as, to foot a stocking or boot."], "footed": ["FOOT'ED, pp. Kicked; trod; summed up; furnished with a foot, as a stocking.", "FOOT'ED, a. Shaped in the foot; as footed like a goat."], "footing": ["FOOT'ING, ppr. Dancing; treading; settling; adding a new foot.", "FOOT'ING, n.", "1. Ground for the foot; that which sustains; firm foundation to stand on", "In ascents, every step gained is a footing and help to the next.", "2. Support; root.", "3. Basis; foundation.", "4. Place; stable position.", "5. Permanent settlement. Let not these evils gain footing.", "6. Tread; step; walk.", "7. Dance; tread to measure.", "8. Steps; road; track. Little used.", "9. State; condition; settlement. Place both parties on an equal footing."], "footstep": ["FOOT'STEP, n.", "1. A track; the mark or impression of the foot.", "2. Token; mark; visible sign of a course pursued; as the footsteps of divine wisdom.", "1. Footsteps, plural, example; as, follow the footsteps of good men.", "2. Way; course. Ps. 78."], "footstool": ["FOOT'STOOL, n. A stool for the feet; that which supports the feet of one when sitting.", "To make enemies a footstool, is to reduce them to entire subjection. Ps. 110."], "for": ["FOR, prep. L. per.; The English, for; to forbid. For corresponds in sense with the L. pro, as fore does with proe, but pro and proe are probably contracted from prod, proed. The Latin por, in composition, as in porrigo, is probably contracted from porro, Gr. which is the English far. The Gr. are from the same root. The radical sense of for is to go, to pass, to advance, to reach or stretch.", "1. Against; in the place of; as a substitute or equivalent, noting equal value or satisfactory compensation, either in barter and sale, in contract, or in punishment. \"And Joseph gave them bread in exchange for horses, and for flocks, and for the cattle of the herds;\" that is, according to the original, he gave them bread against horses like the Gr. Gen. 48:17.", "Buy us and our land for bread. Gen. 47:19.", "And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. Ex. 21.", "2. In the place of; instead of; noting substitution of persons, or agency of one in the place of another with equivalent authority. An attorney is empowered to act for his principal. Will you take a letter and deliver it for me at the post office? that is, in my place, or for my benefit.", "3. In exchange of; noting one thing taken or given in place of another; as, to quit the profession of law for that of a clergyman.", "4. In the place of; instead of; as, to translate a poem line for line.", "5. In the character of; noting resemblance; a sense derived from substitution or standing in the place of, like in the Greek.", "If a man can be fully assured of any thing for a truth, without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace for truth?", "But let her go for an ungrateful woman.", "I hear for certain, and do speak the truth.", "He quivered with his feet and lay for dead.", "6. Towards; with the intention of going to.", "We sailed directly for Genoa, and had a fair wind.", "So we say, a ship is bound for or to France.", "7. In advantage of; for the sake of; on account of; that is, towards, noting use, benefit or purpose.", "An ant is a wise creature for itself. Shall I think the world was made for one, and men are born for kings, as beasts for men, not for protection, but to be devoured.", "8. Conducive to; beneficial to; in favor of.", "It is for the general good of human society, and consequently of particular persons, to be true and just; and it is for men's health to be temperate.", "9. Leading or inducing to, as a motive.", "There is a natural immutable, and eternal reason for that which we call virtue, and against that which we call vice.", "10. Noting arrival, meeting, coming or possession. Wait patiently for an expected good. So in the phrases, looking for, staying for.", "11. Towards the obtaining of; in order to the arrival at or possession of. After all our exertions, we depend on divine aid for success.", "12. Against; in opposition to; with a tendency to resist and destroy; as a remedy for the headache or toothache. Alkalies are good for the heartburn. So we say, to provide clothes or stores for winter, or against winter.", "13. Against or on account of; in prevention of.", "She wrapped him close for catching cold.", "And, for the time shall not seem tedious -", "This use is nearly obsolete. The sense however is derived from meeting, opposing, as in number 12.", "14. Because; on account of; by reason of. He cried out for anguish. I cannot go for want of time. For this cause, I cannot believe the report.", "That which we for our unworthiness are afraid to crave, our prayer is, that God for the worthiness of his son would notwithstanding vouchsafe to grant.", "Edward and Richard, with fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath, are at our backs.", "How to choose dogs for scent or speed.", "For as much as it is a fundamental law -", "15. With respect or regard to; on the part of.", "It was young counsel for the persons, and violent counsel for the matters.", "Thus much for the beginning and progress of the deluge.", "So we say, for me, for myself, or as for me, I have no anxiety, but for you I have apprehensions; all implying towards or on the side of.", "16. Through a certain space; during a certain time; as, to travel for three days; to sail for seven weeks; he holds his office for life; he traveled on sand for ten miles together. These senses seem to imply passing, the proper sense of for.", "17. In quest of; in order to obtain; as, to search for arguments; to recur to antiquity for examples. See number 11.", "18. According to; as far as.", "Chimists have not been able, for aught is vulgarly known, by fire alone to separate true sulphur from antimony.", "19. Noting meeting, coming together, or reception. I am ready for you; that is, I am ready to meet or receive you.", "20. Towards; of tendency to; as an inclination for drink.", "21. In favor of; on the part or side of; that is, towards or inclined to. One is for a free government; another is for a limited monarchy.", "Aristotle is for poetical justice.", "22. With a view to obtain; in order to possess. He writes for money, or for fame; that is, towards meeting, or to have in return, as a reward.", "23. Towards; with tendency to, or in favor of. It is for his honor to retire from office. It is for our quiet to have few intimate connections.", "24. Notwithstanding; against; in opposition to. The fact may be so, for any thing that has yet appeared. The task is great, but for all that, I shall not be deterred from undertaking it. This is a different application of the sense of numbers 1,2,3,4.", "The writer will do what she pleases for all me.", "25. For the use of; to be used in; that is, towards, noting advantage.", "The oak for nothing ill, the osier good for twigs, the poplar for the mill.", "26. In recompense of; in return of.", "Now, for so many glorious actions done, for peace at home, and for the public wealth, I mean to crown a bowl for Caesar's health. See Number 1.", "27. In proportion to; or rather, looking towards, regarding. He is tall for one of his years, or tall for his age.", "28. By means of.", "Moral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite, were it not for the will.", "29. By the want of.", "The inhabitants suffered severely both for provisions and fuel.", "30. For my life or heart, though my life were to be given in exchange, or as the price of purchase. I cannot, for my life, understand the man. Number 1.", "31. For to, denoting purpose. For was anciently placed before the infinitives of verbs, and the use is correct, but now obsolete except in vulgar language. I came for to see you; pour vous voir.", "FOR, con.", "1. The word by which a reason is introduced of something before advanced. \"That ye may be the children of your father who is in heaven; for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good.\" In such sentences, for has the sense of because, by reason that, as in Number 14; with this difference that in Number 14, the word precedes a single noun, and here it precedes a sentence or clause; but the phrase seems to be elliptical, for this cause or reason, which follows, he maketh his sun to rise, &c. In Romans 13:6, we find the word in both its applications, \"For, for this cause ye pay tribute also -;\" the first for referring to the sentence following; the latter to the noun cause.", "2. Because; on this account that; properly, for that.", "For as much, compounded, forasmuch, is equivalent to, in regard to that, in consideration of. Forasmuch as the thirst is intolerable, the patient may be indulged in a little drink."], "forbad": ["FORBAD', pret. of forbid."], "forbear": ["FORBEAR, v.i. pret. forbore; pp. forborne.", "1. To stop; to cease; to hold from proceeding; as, forbear to repeat these reproachful words.", "2. To pause; to delay; as, forbear a while.", "3. To abstain; to omit; to hold one's self from motion or entering on an affair.", "Shall I go against Ramoth Gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? 1Kings 22.", "4. To refuse; to decline.", "Whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear.", "Ezek. 2.", "5. To be patient; to restrain from action or violence. Prov. 25:15.", "FORBEAR, v.t.", "1. To avoid voluntarily; to decline.", "Forbear his presence.", "2. To abstain from; to omit; to avoid doing. Learn from the scriptures what you ought to do and what to forbear.", "Have we not power to forbear working? 1Cor. 9.", "3. To spare; to treat with indulgence and patience.", "Forbearing one another in love. Eph. 4.", "4. To withhold.", "Forbear thee from meddling with God, who is with me, that he destroy thee not. 2Chron. 35."], "forbearance": ["FORBEARANCE, n.", "1. The act of avoiding, shunning or omitting; either the cessation or intermission of an act commenced, or a withholding from beginning an act. Liberty is the power of doing or forbearing an action, according as the doing or forbearance has a preference in the mind. The forbearance of sin is followed with satisfaction of mind.", "2. Command of temper; restraint of passions.", "3. The exercise of patience; long suffering; indulgence towards those who injure us; lenity; delay of resentment or punishment.", "Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness, and forbearance, and long suffering? Rom. 2."], "forbearer": ["FORBEARER, n. One that intermits or intercepts."], "forbearing": ["FORBEARING, ppr.", "1. Ceasing; pausing; withholding from action; exercising patience and indulgence.", "2. a. Patient; long suffering.", "FORBEARING, n. A ceasing or restraining from action; patience; long suffering."], "forbid": ["FORBID', v.t. pret. forbad; pp. forbid, forbidden. Literally, to bid or command against. Hence,", "1. To prohibit; to interdict; to command to forbear or not to do. The laws of God forbid us to swear. Good manners also forbid us to use profane language. All servile labor and idle amusements on the sabbath are forbidden.", "2. To command not to enter; as, I have forbid him my house or presence. This phrase seems to be elliptical; to forbid from entering or approaching.", "3. To oppose; to hinder; to obstruct. An impassable river forbids the approach of the army.", "A blaze of glory that forbids the sight.", "4. To accurse; to blast. Obs.", "FORBID', v.i. To utter a prohibition; but in the intransitive form, there is always an ellipsis. I would go, but my state of health forbids, that is, forbids me to go, or my going."], "forbidding": ["FORBID'DING, ppr.", "1. Prohibiting; hindering.", "2. a. Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion or dislike; disagreeable; as a forbidding aspect; a forbidding formality; a forbidding air.", "FORBID'DING, n. Hindrance; opposition."], "forbiddenness": ["FORBID'DENNESS, n. A state of being prohibited. Not used."], "forborne": ["FORBORNE, pp. of forbear.", "Few ever repented of having forborne to speak."], "force": ["FORCE, n. L. fortis. All words denoting force, power, strength, are from verbs which express straining, or driving, rushing, and this word has the elements of L. vireo.", "1. Strength; active power; vigor; might; energy that may be exerted; that physical property in a body which may produce action or motion in another body, or may counteract such motion. By the force of the muscles we raise a weight, or resist an assault.", "2. Momentum; the quantity of power produced by motion or the action of one body on another; as the force of a cannon ball.", "3. That which causes an operation or moral effect; strength; energy; as the force of the mind, will or understanding.", "4. Violence; power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power. Let conquerors consider that force alone can keep what force as obtained.", "5. Strength; moral power to convince the mind. There is great force in an argument.", "6. Virtue; efficacy. No presumption or hypothesis can be of force enough to overthrow constant experience.", "7. Validity; power to bind or hold. If the conditions of a covenant are not fulfilled, the contract is of no force. A testament is of force after the testator is dead. Heb. 9:17.", "8. Strength or power for war; armament; troops; an army or navy; as a military or naval force: sometimes in the plural; as military forces.", "9. Destiny; necessity; compulsion; any extraneous power to which men are subject; as the force of fate or of divine decrees.", "10. Internal power; as the force of habit.", "11. In law, any unlawful violence to person or property. This is simple, when no other crime attends it, as the entering into another's possession, without committing any other unlawful act. It is compound, when some other violence or unlawful act is committed. The law also implies force, as when a person enters a house or inclosure lawfully, but afterwards does an unlawful act. In this case, the law supposes the first entrance to be for that purpose, and therefore by force.", "Physical force, is the force of material bodies.", "Moral force, is the power of acting on the reason in judging and determining.", "Mechanical force, is the power that belongs to bodies at rest or in motion. The pressure or tension of bodies at rest is called a mechanical force, and so is the power of a body in motion. There is also the force of gravity or attraction, centrifugal and centripetal forces, expansive force, &c.", "FORCE, v.t.", "1. To compel; to constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not resistible. Men are forced to submit to conquerors. Masters force their slaves to labor.", "2. To overpower by strength.", "I should have forced thee soon with other arms.", "3. To impel; to press; to drive; to draw or push by main strength; a sense of very extensive use; as, to force along a wagon or a ship; to force away a man's arms; water forces its way through a narrow channel; a man may be forced out of his possessions.", "4. To enforce; to urge; to press.", "Forcing my strength, and gathering to the shore.", "5. To compel by strength of evidence; as, to force conviction on the mind; to force one to acknowledge the truth of a proposition.", "6. To storm; to assault and take by violence; as, to force a town or fort.", "7. To ravish; to violate by force, as a female.", "8. To overstrain; to distort; as a forced conceit.", "9. To cause to produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree; or to cause to ripen prematurely, as fruit.", "10. To man; to strengthen by soldiers; to garrison. Obs.", "To force from, to wrest from; to extort.", "To force out, to drive out; to compel to issue out or to leave; also, to extort.", "To force wine, is to fine it by a short process, or in a short time.", "To force plants, is to urge the growth of plants by artificial heat.", "To force meat, is to stuff it.", "FORCE, v.i.", "1. To lay stress on. Obs.", "2. To strive. Obs.", "3. To use violence."], "forced": ["FORCED, pp.", "1. Compelled; impelled; driven by violence; urged; stormed; ravished.", "2. a. Affected; overstrained; unnatural; as a forced style."], "forceful": ["FORCEFUL, a.", "1. Impelled by violence; driven with force; acting with power.", "Against the steed he threw his forceful spear.", "2. Violent; impetuous."], "forcing": ["FORCING, ppr.", "1. Compelling; impelling; driving; storming; ravishing.", "2. Causing to ripen before the natural season, as fruit; or causing to produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree.", "3. Fining wine by a speedy process.", "FORCING, n.", "1. In gardening, the art of raising plants, flowers, and fruits, at an earlier season than the natural one, by artificial heat.", "2. The operation of fining wines by a speedy process."], "forcible": ["FORCIBLE, a.", "1. Powerful; strong; mighty; as a punishment forcible to bridle sin.", "2. Violent; impetuous; driving forward with force; as a forcible stream.", "3. Efficacious; active; powerful.", "Sweet smells are most forcible in dry substances when broken.", "4. Powerful; acting with force; impressive; as forcible words or arguments.", "5. Containing force; acting by violence; as forcible means.", "6. Done by force; suffered by force. The abdication of James, his advocates hold to have been forcible.", "7. Valid; binding; obligatory. Not used.", "8. In law, forcible entry is an actual violent entry into houses or lands.", "Forcible detainer, is a violent withholding of the lands, &c. of another from his possession.", "Forcible abduction, is the act of taking away wrongfully, as a child without the consent of the father, a ward without the consent of the guardian, or any person contrary to his or her will."], "forcibleness": ["FORCIBLENESS, n. Force; violence."], "forcibly": ["FORCIBLY, adv.", "1. By violence or force.", "2. Strongly; powerfully; with power or energy; impressively.", "The gospel offers such considerations as are fit to work very forcibly on our hopes and fears.", "3. Impetuously; violently; with great strength; as a stream rushing forcibly down a precipice."], "ford": ["FORD, n.", "1. A place in a river or other water, where it may be passed by man or beast on foot, or by wading.", "2. A stream; a current.", "Permit my ghost to pass the Stygian ford.", "FORD, v.t. To pass or cross a river or other water by treading or walking on the bottom; to pass through water by wading; to wade through."], "forded": ["FORDED, pp. Passed through on foot; waded."], "fording": ["FORDING, ppr. Wading; passing through on foot as water."], "fore": ["FORE, a.", "1. Properly, advanced, or being in advance of something in motion or progression; as the fore end of a chain carried in measuring land; the fore oxen or horses in a team.", "2. Advanced in time; coming in advance of something; coming first; anterior; preceding; prior; as the fore part of the last century; the fore part of the day, week or year.", "3. Advanced in order or series; antecedent; as the fore part of a writing or bill.", "4. Being in front or towards the face; opposed to back or behind; as the fore part of a garment.", "5. Going first; usually preceding the other part; as the fore part of a ship, or of a coach.", "FORE, adv. In the part that precedes or goes first.", "In seamen's language, fore and aft signifies the whole length of the ship, or from end to end, from stem to stern.", "Fore, in composition, denotes, for the most part, priority of time; sometimes, advance in place.", "For the etymologies of the compounds of fore, see the principal word."], "forest": ["FOR'EST, n. L. foris.", "1. An extensive wood, or a large tract of land covered with trees. In America, the word is usually applied to a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been cultivated. It differs from wood or woods chiefly in extent. We read of the Hercynian forest, in Germany, and the forest of Ardennes, in France or Gaul.", "2. In law, in Great Britain, a certain territory of woody grounds and pastures, privileged for wild beasts and fowls of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide in, under the protection of the king, for his pleasure. In this sense, the word has no application in America.", "Forest laws, laws for governing and regulating forests, and preserving game.", "FOR'EST, v.t. To cover with trees or wood."], "forecast": ["FOREC'AST, v.t.", "1. To foresee; to provide against.", "It is wisdom to forecast consequences.", "2. To scheme; to plan before execution.", "He shall forecast his devices against the strong holds. Dan. 11.", "3. To adjust; contrive or appoint beforehand", "The time so well forecast.", "FOREC'AST, v.i. To form a scheme previously; to contrive beforehand.", "Forecasting how his foe he might annoy."], "forecaster": ["FOREC'ASTER, n. One who foresees or contrives beforehand."], "forecasting": ["FOREC'ASTING, ppr. Contriving previously."], "forefather": ["FOREF'ATHER, n. An ancestor; one who precedes another in the line of genealogy, in any degree; usually in a remote degree."], "forefront": ["FOREFRONT', n. The foremost part. The forefront of the battle, is the part where the contest is most warm, and where a soldier is most exposed. 2Sam. 11:15."], "forehead": ["FOREHEAD, n. for'hed, or rather for'ed.", "1. The part of the face which extends from the hair on the top of the head to the eyes.", "2. Impudence; confidence; assurance; audaciousness."], "foreign": ["FOREIGN, a. for'an. L. foris, foras.", "1. Belonging to another nation or country; alien; not of the country in which one resides; extraneous. We call every country foreign, which is not within the jurisdiction of our own government. In this sense, Scotland before the union was foreign to England, and Canada is now foreign to the United States. More generally foreign is applied to countries more remote than an adjacent territory; as a foreign market; a foreign prince. In the United States, all transatlantic countries are foreign.", "2. Produced in a distant country or jurisdiction; coming from another country; as foreign goods; goods of foreign manufacture; a foreign minister.", "3. Remote; not belonging; not connected; with to or from. You dissemble; the sentiments you express are foreign to your heart. This design is foreign from my thoughts. The use of from is preferable and best authorized.", "4. Impertinent; not pertaining; not to the purpose. The observation is foreign from the subject under consideration.", "5. Excluded; not admitted; held at a distance.", "6. Extraneous; adventitious; not native or natural.", "7. In law, a foreign attachment is an attachment of the goods of a foreigner within a city or liberty, for the satisfaction of a debt due from the foreigner to a citizen; or an attachment of the money or goods of a debtor, in the hands of another person.", "A foreign bill of exchange, is a bill drawn by a person in one country, on his correspondent or agent in another, as distinguished from an inland bill, which is drawn by one person or another in the same jurisdiction or country.", "Foreign plea, a plea or objection to a judge as incompetent to try the question, on the ground that it is not within his jurisdiction."], "foreigner": ["FOR'EIGNER, n. for'aner. A person born in a foreign country, or without the country or jurisdiction of which one speaks. A Spaniard is a foreigner in France and England. All men not born in the United States are to them foreigners, and they are aliens till naturalized. A naturalized person is a citizen; but we still call him a foreigner by birth."], "foreignness": ["FOR'EIGNNESS, n. for'anness. Remoteness; want of relation; as the foreignness of a subject from the main business."], "foreknow": ["FOREKNOW, v.t See Know. To have previous knowledge of; to foresee.", "Who would the miseries of man foreknow?", "For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son. Rom. 8."], "foreknowable": ["FOREKNOWABLE, a. That may be foreknown."], "foreknower": ["FOREKNOWER, n. One that foreknows."], "foreknowledge": ["FOREKNOWL'EDGE, n. Knowledge of a thing before it happens; prescience.", "If I foreknew, foreknowledge had no influence on their fault."], "foremost": ["FO'REMOST, a.", "1. First in place; most advanced; as the foremost troops of an army.", "2. First in dignity. In honor he held the foremost rank."], "foreordain": ["FOREORDA'IN, v.t To ordain or appoint before; to preordain; to predestinate; to predetermine."], "forepart": ["FO'REPART, n.", "1. The part first in time; as the forepart of the day or week.", "2. The part most advanced in place; the anterior part; as the forepart of any moving body.", "3. The beginning; as the forepart of a series."], "forerunner": ["FORERUN'NER, n.", "1. A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others; a harbinger.", "My elder brothers, my forerunners came.", "2. An ancestor or predecessor. Obs.", "3. A prognostic; a sign foreshowing something to follow. Certain pains in the head, back and limbs are the forerunners of a fever."], "foresee": ["FORESEE', v.t. To see beforehand; to see or know an event before it happens; to have prescience of; to foreknow.", "A prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself.", "Prov. 22."], "foreseeing": ["FORESEE'ING, ppr. Seeing before the event."], "foreship": ["FO'RESHIP, n. The forepart of a ship. Act. 28."], "foreskin": ["FO'RESKIN, n. The skin that covers the glans penis; the prepuce."], "foretell": ["FORETELL', v.t.", "1. To predict; to tell before an event happens; to prophesy.", "2. To foretoken; to foreshow.", "FORETELL', v.i. To utter prediction or prophecy.", "All the prophets from Samuel, and those that follow after, as many as have spoken, have likewise foretold of these days.", "Acts 3."], "foreteller": ["FORETELL'ER, n. One who predicts or prophesies; a foreshower."], "foretelling": ["FORETELL'ING, n. Prediction."], "forewarn": ["FOREWARN', v.t. forewaurn'.", "1. To admonish beforehand.", "I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear. Luke 12.", "2. To inform previously; to give previous notice.", "3. To caution beforehand."], "forewarned": ["FOREWARN'ED, pp. Admonished, cautioned or informed beforehand."], "forewarning": ["FOREWARN'ING, ppr. Previously admonishing or informing.", "FOREWARN'ING, n. Previous admonition, caution or notice."], "forfeit": ["FOR'FEIT, v.t. for'fit. Low L. forisfacere, from L. foris, out or abroad, and facio, to make.", "To lose or render confiscable, by some fault, offense or crime; to lose the right to some species of property or that which belongs to one; to alienate the right to possess by some neglect or crime; as, to forfeit an estate by a breach of the condition of tenure or by treason. By the ancient laws of England, a man forfeited his estate by neglecting or refusing to fulfill the conditions on which it was granted to him, or by a breach of fealty. A man now forfeits his estate by committing treason. A man forfeits his honor or reputation by a breach of promise, and by any criminal or disgraceful act. Statutes declare that by certain acts a man shall forfeit a certain sum of money. Under the feudal system, the right to the land forfeited, vested in the lord or superior. In modern times, the right to things forfeited is generally regulated by statutes; it is vested in the state, in corporations, or in prosecutors or informers, or partly in the state or a corporation, and partly in an individual.", "The duelist, to secure the reputation of bravery, forfeits the esteem of good men, and the favor of heaven.", "FOR'FEIT, n. for'fit. Low L. forisfactura.", "1. That which is forfeited or lost, or the right to which is alienated by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulet; a penalty. He that murders pays the forfeit of his life. When a statute creates a penalty for a transgression, either in money or in corporal punishment, the offender who, on conviction, pays the money or suffers the punishment, pays the forfeit.", "2. One whose life is forfeited. Not in use.", "FOR'FEIT, part. a. used for forfeited. Lost or alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal seizure.", "And his long toils were forfeit for a look."], "forfeitable": ["FORFEITABLE, a. Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.", "For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain, and forfeitable like the lands themselves."], "forfeited": ["FOR'FEITED, pp. Lost or alienated by an offense, crime or breach of condition."], "forfeiting": ["FOR'FEITING, ppr. Alienating or losing, as a right by an offense, crime or breach of condition."], "forgave": ["FORGA'VE, pret. of forgive, which see."], "forge": ["FORGE, n. L. ferrum, iron.", "1. A furnace in which iron or other metal is heated and hammered into form. A larger forge is called with us iron-works. Smaller forges consisting of a bellows so placed as to cast a stream of air upon ignited coals, are of various forms and users. Armies have travelling forges, for repairing gun-carriages, &c.", "2. Any place where any thing is made or shaped.", "3. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of metalline bodies.", "In the greater bodies the forge was easy.", "FORGE, v.t.", "1. To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal.", "2. To make by any means.", "Names that the schools forged, and put into the mouths of scholars.", "3. To make falsely; to falsify; to counterfeit; to make in the likeness of something else; as, to forge coin; to forge a bill of exchange or a receipt."], "forged": ["FORGED, pp. Hammered; beaten into shape; made; counterfeited."], "forger": ["FORGER, n.", "1. One that makes or forms.", "2. One who counterfeits; a falsifier."], "forget": ["FORGET', v.t. pret. forgot. forgat, obs.", "1. To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory.", "Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Ps. 103.", "2. To slight; to neglect.", "Can a woman forget her sucking child? Yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee. Is. 49."], "forgetful": ["FORGET'FUL, a.", "1. Apt to forget; easily losing the remembrance of. A forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.", "2. Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.", "Be not forgetful to entertain strangers. Heb. 13.", "3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious; as forgetful draughts."], "forgetfulness": ["FORGET'FULNESS, n.", "1. The quality of losing the remembrance or recollection of a thing; or rather, the quality of being apt to let any thing slip from the mind.", "2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; oblivion.", "A sweet forgetfulness of human care.", "3. Neglect; negligence; careless omission; inattention; as forgetfulness of duty."], "forgetting": ["FORGET'TING, ppr. Losing the remembrance of.", "FORGET'TING, n. The act of forgetting; forgetfulness; inattention."], "forgettingly": ["FORGET'TINGLY, adv. By forgetting or forgetfulness."], "forgivable": ["FORGIV'ABLE, a. See Forgive. That may be pardoned."], "forgive": ["FORGIVE, v.t. forgiv'. pret. forgave; pp. forgiven. L. remitto. See Give.", "1. To pardon; to remit, as an offense or debt; to overlook an offense, and treat the offender as not guilty. The original and proper phrase is to forgive the offense, to send it away, to reject it, that is, not to impute it, put it to the offender. But by an easy transition, we also use the phrase, to forgive the person offending.", "Forgive us our debts.", "If we forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly father will also forgive you. Matt. 6.", "As savages never forget a favor, so they never forgive an injury.", "It is to be noted that pardon, like forgive, may be followed by the name or person, and by the offense; but remit can be followed by the offense only. We forgive or pardon the man, but we do not remit him.", "2. To remit as a debt, fine or penalty."], "forgiveness": ["FORGIV'ENESS, n. forgiv'ness.", "1. The act of forgiving; the pardon of an offender, by which he is considered and treated as not guilty. The forgiveness of enemies is a christian duty.", "2. The pardon or remission of an offense or crime; as the forgiveness of sin or of injuries.", "3. Disposition to pardon; willingness to forgive.", "And mild forgiveness intercede to stop the coming blow.", "4. Remission of a debt, fine or penalty."], "forgiver": ["FORGIV'ER, n. One who pardons or remits."], "forgiving": ["FORGIV'ING, ppr.", "1. Pardoning; remitting.", "2. a. Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate; as a forgiving temper."], "forgiven": ["FORGIV'EN, pp. Pardoned remitted."], "forgotten": ["FORGOT'TEN, pp. of forget."], "fork": ["FORK, n. L. furca.", "1. an instrument consisting of a handle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more points or prongs, used for lifting or pitching any thing; as a tablefork for feeding; a pitchfork; a dungfork, &c. forks are also made of ivory, wood or other material.", "2. A point; as a thunderbolt with three forks. Shakespeare uses it for the point of an arrow.", "3. Forks, in the plural, the point where a road parts into two; and the point where a river divides, or rather where two rivers meet and unite in one stream. Each branch is called a fork.", "FORK, v.i.", "1. To shoot into blades, as corn.", "2. to divide into two; as, a road forks.", "FORK, v.t.", "1. to raise or pitch with a fork, as hay.", "2. To dig and break ground with a fork.", "3. To make sharp; to point."], "forked": ["FORK'ED, pp.", "1. Raised, pitched or dug with a fork.", "2. a. Opening into two or more parts, points or shoots; as a forked tongue; the forked lightning.", "3. Having two or more meanings. Not in use."], "form": ["FORM, n. L. forma.", "1. The shape or external appearance of a body; the figure, as defined by lines and angles; that manner of being peculiar to each body, which exhibits it to the eye as distinct from every other body. Thus we speak of the form of a circle, the form of a square or triangle, a circular form, the form of the head or of the human body, a handsome form, an ugly form, a frightful form.", "Matter is the basis or substratum of bodies, form is the particular disposition of matter in each body which distinguishes its appearance from that of every other body.", "The form of his visage was changed. Dan. 3.", "After that he appeared in another form to two of them, as they walked. Mark 16.", "2. Manner of arranging particulars; disposition of particular things; as a form of words or expressions.", "3. Model; draught; pattern.", "Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me. 2Tim. 1.", "4. Beauty; elegance; splendor; dignity.", "He hath no form nor comeliness. Isa. 53.", "5. Regularity; method; order. This is a rough draught to be reduced to form.", "6. External appearance without the essential qualities; empty show.", "7. Stated method; established practice; ritual or prescribed mode; as the forms of public worship; the forms of judicial proceeding; forms of civility.", "8. Ceremony; as, it is a mere matter of form.", "9. Determinate shape.", "The earth was without form, and void. Gen. 1."], "formative": ["FORM'ATIVE, a.", "1. Giving form; having the power of giving form; plastic.", "The meanest plant cannot be raised without seeds, by any formative power residing in the soil.", "2. In grammar, serving to form; derivative; not radical; as a termination merely formative."], "formed": ["FORM'ED, pp. Made; shaped; molded; planned; arranged; combined; enacted; constituted."], "formful": ["FORM'FUL, a. Ready to form; creative; imaginative."], "former": ["FORM'ER, n. He that forms; a maker; an author."], "fornicated": ["FORN'ICATED, a. L. fornicatus, from fornix, an arch. Arched; vaulted like an oven or furnace."], "fornication": ["FORNICA'TION, n. L. fornicatio.", "1. The incontinence or lewdness of unmarried persons, male or female; also, the criminal conversation of a married man with an unmarried woman.", "2. Adultery. Matt. 5.", "3. Incest. 1Cor. 5.", "4. Idolatry; a forsaking of the true God, and worshipping of idols. 2Chron. 21. Rev. 19."], "fornicator": ["FORN'ICATOR, n.", "1. An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal conversation with the other sex; also, a married man who has sexual commerce with an unmarried woman. See Adultery.", "2. A lewd person.", "3. An idolater."], "forsake": ["FORSA'KE, v.t. pret. forsook; pp. forsaken. See Seek .", "1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart from. Friends and flatterers forsake us in adversity.", "Forsake the foolish, and live. Prov. 9.", "2. To abandon; to renounce; to reject.", "If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments - Ps. 89.", "Cease from anger, and forsake wrath. Ps. 37.", "3. To leave; to withdraw from; to fail. In anger, the color forsakes the cheeks. In severe trials, let not fortitude forsake you.", "4. In scripture, God forsakes his people, when he withdraws his aid, or the light of his countenance."], "forsaker": ["FORSA'KER, n. One that forsakes or deserts."], "forsaking": ["FORSA'KING, ppr. Leaving or deserting.", "FORSA'KING, n. The act of deserting; dereliction."], "forsaken": ["FORSA'KEN, pp. Deserted; left; abandoned."], "forswear": ["FORSWEAR, v.t. pret. forswore; pp. forsworn. See Swear and Answer.", "1. To reject or renounce upon oath.", "2. To deny upon oath.", "Like innocence, and as serenely bold as truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold.", "To forswear one's self, is to swear falsely; to perjure one's self.", "Thou shalt not forswear thyself. Matt. 5.", "FORSWEAR, v.i. To swear falsely; to commit perjury."], "forswearer": ["FORSWEARER, n. One who rejects on oath; one who is perjured; one that swears a false oath."], "forswearing": ["FORSWEARING, ppr. Denying on oath; swearing falsely."], "fort": ["FORT, n. L. fortis, strong.", "1. A fortified place; usually, a small fortified place; a place surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; also, any building or place fortified for security against an enemy; a castle.", "2. A strong side, opposed to weak side or foible."], "forte": ["FORTE, adv. A direction to sign with strength of voice."], "forted": ["FORTED, a. Furnished with forts; guarded by forts."], "forth": ["FORTH, adv.", "1. Forward; onward in time; in advance; as from that day forth; from that time forth.", "2. Forward in place or order; as one, two, three, and so forth.", "3. Out; aboard; noting progression or advance from a state of confinement; as, the plants in spring put forth leaves.", "When winter past, and summer scarce begun, invites them forth to labor in the sun.", "4. Out; away; beyond the boundary of a place; as, send him forth of France. Little used.", "5. Out into public view, or public character. Your country calls you forth into its service.", "6. Thoroughly; from beginning to end. Obs.", "7. On to the end. obs.", "FORTH, prep. Out of.", "From forth the streets of Pomfret.", "Some forth their cabins peep."], "forthwith": ["FORTHWITH', adv. forth and with. Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he received his sight forthwith. Acts. 9."], "fortieth": ["FOR'TIETH, a. See Forty. The fourth tenth; noting the number next after the thirty ninth."], "forty": ["FOR'TY, a. See Four.", "1. Four times ten.", "2. An indefinite number; a colloquial use. A, B and C, and forty more."], "fortifiable": ["FOR'TIFIABLE, a. That may be fortified. Little used."], "fortifier": ["FOR'TIFIER, n.", "1. One who erects works for defense.", "2. One who strengthens, supports and upholds; that which strengthens."], "fortify": ["FOR'TIFY, v.t.", "1. To surround with a wall, ditch, palisades or other works, with a view to defend against the attacks of an enemy; to strengthen and secure by forts, batteries and other works of art; as, to fortify a city, town or harbor.", "2. To strengthen against any attack; as, to fortify the mind against sudden calamity.", "3. To confirm; to add strength and firmness to; as, to fortify an opinion or resolution; to fortify hope or desire.", "4. To furnish with strength or means of resisting force, violence or assault.", "FOR'TIFY, v.i. To raise strong places."], "fortress": ["FOR'TRESS, n.", "1. Any fortified place; a fort; a castle; a strong hold; a place of defense or security. The English have a strong fortress on the rock of Gibraltar, or that rock is a fortress.", "2. Defense; safety; security;", "The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. Ps. 18.", "FOR'TRESS, v.t. To furnish with fortresses; to guard; to fortify."], "fortressed": ["FOR'TRESSED, a. Defended by a fortress; protected; secured."], "forum": ["FO'RUM, n. L. See Fair.", "1. In Rome, a public place, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people; also, a market place. Hence,", "2. A tribunal; a court; any assembly empowered to hear and decide causes; also, jurisdiction."], "forward": ["FOR'WARD, adv. L. versus; directed to the forepart. Forwards is also used, but it is a corruption.", "Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; progressively; opposed to backward. Go forward; move forward. He ran backward and forward.", "In a ship, forward denotes toward the forepart.", "FOR'WARD, a.", "1. Near or at the forepart; in advance of something else; as the forward gun in a ship, or the forward ship in a fleet; the forward horse in a team.", "2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined.", "Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was forward to do. Gal. 2.", "3. Ardent; eager; earnest; violent.", "Or lead the forward youth to noble war.", "4. Bold; confident; less reserved or modest than is proper; in an ill sense; as, the boy is too forward for his years.", "5. Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for the season. The grass or the grain is forward, or forward for the season; we have a forward spring.", "6. Quick; hasty; too ready. Be not forward to speak in public. Prudence directs that we be not too forward to believe current reports.", "7. Anterior; fore.", "Let us take the instant by the forward top.", "8. Advanced; not behindhand.", "FOR'WARD, v.t.", "1. To advance; to help onward; to promote; as, to forward a good design.", "2. To accelerate; to quicken; to hasten; as, to forward the growth of a plant; to forward one in improvement.", "3. To send forward; to send towards the place of destination; to transmit; as, to forward a letter or dispatches."], "forwarded": ["FOR'WARDED, pp. Advanced; promoted; aided in progress; quickened; sent onward; transmitted."], "forwarder": ["FOR'WARDER, n. He that promotes, or advanced in progress."], "forwarding": ["FOR'WARDING, ppr. Advancing; promoting; aiding in progress; accelerating in growth; sending onwards; transmitting."], "forwardness": ["FOR'WARDNESS, n.", "1. Cheerful readiness; promptness. It expresses more than willingness. We admire the forwardness of christians in propagating the gospel.", "2. Eagerness; ardor. It is sometimes difficult to restrain the forwardness of youth.", "3. Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due reserve or modesty.", "In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish in them, from their infancy, a kind of forwardness and assurance.", "4. A state of advance beyond the usual degree; as the forwardness of spring or of corn."], "fought": ["FOUGHT, pret, and pp. of fight; pron. faut. See Fight."], "foul": ["FOUL, a.", "1. Covered with or containing extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious or offensive; filthy; dirty; not clean; as a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul chimney.", "My face is foul with weeping. Job. 16.", "2. Turbid; thick; muddy; as foul water; a foul stream.", "3. Impure; polluted; as a foul mouth.", "4. Impure; scurrilous; obscene or profane; as foul words; foul language.", "5. Cloudy and stormy; rainy or tempestuous; as foul weather.", "6. Impure; defiling; as a foul disease.", "7. Wicked; detestable; abominable; as a foul deed; a foul spirit.", "Babylon - the hold of every foul spirit. Rev. 18.", "8. Unfair; not honest; not lawful or according to established rules or customs; as foul play.", "9. Hateful; ugly; loathsome.", "Hast thou forgot the foul witch Sycorax.", "10. Disgraceful; shameful; as a foul defeat.", "Who first seduced them to that foul revolt?", "11. Coarse; gross.", "They are all for rank and foul feeding.", "12. Full of gross humors or impurities.", "You perceive the body of our kingdom, how foul it is.", "13. Full of weeds; as, the garden is very foul.", "14. Among seamen, entangled; hindered from motion; opposed to clear; as, a rope is foul.", "15. Covered with weeds or barnacles; as, the ship has a foul bottom.", "16. Not fair; contrary; as a foul wind.", "17. Not favorable or safe; dangerous; as a foul road or bay.", "1. To fall foul, is to rush on with haste, rough force and unseasonable violence.", "2. To run against; as, the ship fell foul of her consort.", "FOUL, v.t. To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to bemire; to soil; as, to foul the clothes; to foul the face or hands. Ezek. 34:18."], "fouled": ["FOUL'ED, pp. Defiled; dirtied."], "fouling": ["FOUL'ING, ppr. Making foul; defiling."], "foulness": ["FOUL'NESS, n.", "1. The quality of being foul or filthy; filthiness; defilement.", "2. The quality or state of containing or being covered with any thing extraneous which is noxious or offensive; as the foulness of a cellar, or of a well; the foulness of a musket; the foulness of a ship's bottom.", "3. Pollution; impurity.", "There is not so chaste a nation as this, nor so free from all pollution or foulness.", "4. Hatefulness; atrociousness; as the foulness of a deed.", "5. Ugliness; deformity.", "The foulness of the' infernal form to hide.", "6. Unfairness; dishonesty; want of candor.", "Piety is opposed to hypocrisy and insincerity, and all falseness or foulness of intentions."], "found": ["FOUND, pret. and pp. of find.", "I am found of them that sought me not. Is. 65.", "FOUND, v.t. L. fundo, fundare; Heb. to build, that is, to set, found, erect.", "1. To lay the basis of any thing; to set, or place, as on something solid for support.", "It fell not, for it was founded on a rock. Matt. 7.", "2. To begin and build; to lay the foundation, and raise a superstructure; as, to found a city.", "3. To set or place; to establish, as on something solid or durable; as, to found a government on principles of liberty.", "4. To begin; to form or lay the basis; as, to found a college or a library. Sometimes to endow is equivalent to found.", "5. To give birth to; to originate; as, to found an art or a family.", "6. To set; to place; to establish on a basis. Christianity is founded on the rock of ages. Dominion is sometimes founded on conquest; sometimes on choice or voluntary consent.", "Power, founded on contract, can descend only to him who has right by that contract.", "7. To fix firmly.", "I had else been perfect, whole as the marble, founded as the rock.", "FOUND, v.t. L. fundo, fudi, fusum.", "To cast; to form by melting a metal and pouring it into a mold.", "This verb is seldom used, but the derivative foundry is in common use. for found we use cast."], "founded": ["FOUND'ED, pp. Set; fixed; established on a basis; begun and built."], "foundation": ["FOUNDA'TION, n. L. fundatio, fundo.", "1. The basis of an edifice; that part of a building which lies on the ground; usually a wall of stone which supports the edifice.", "2. The act of fixing the basis.", "3. The basis or ground work, or any thing; that on which any thing stands, and by which it is supported. A free government has its foundation in the choice and consent of the people to be governed. Christ is the foundation of the church.", "Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation, a stone - a precious cornerstone. Is. 28.", "Other foundation can no man lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. 1Cor. 3.", "4. Original; rise; as the foundation of the world.", "5. Endowment; a donation or legacy appropriated to support an institution, and constituting a permanent fund, usually for a charitable purpose.", "6. Establishment; settlement."], "founder": ["FOUND'ER, n", "1. One that founds, establishes and erects; one that lays a foundation; as the founder of a temple or city.", "2. One who begins; an author; one from whom any thing originates; as the founder of a sect of philosophers; the founder of a family or race.", "3. One who endows; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the support of an institution; as the founder of a college or hospital.", "4. A caster; one who casts metals in various forms; as a founder of cannon, belles, hardware, printing types, &c.", "FOUND'ER, v.i.", "1. In seamen's language, to fill or be filled and sink, as a ship.", "2. To fail; to miscarry.", "3. To trip; to fell.", "FOUND'ER, v.t. To cause internal inflammation and great soreness in the feet of a horse, so as to disable or lame him."], "foundered": ["FOUND'ERED, pp. Made lame in the feet by inflammation and extreme tenderness."], "founderous": ["FOUND'EROUS, a. Failing; liable to perish; ruinous. Not in use."], "fountain": ["FOUNT'AIN, n. L. fons.", "1. A spring, or source of water; properly, a spring or issuing of water from the earth. This word accords in sense with well, in our mother tongue; but we now distinguish the, applying fountain to a natural spring of water, and well to an artificial pit of water, issuing from the interior of the earth.", "2. A small basin of springing water.", "3. A jet; a spouting of water; an artificial spring.", "4. The head or source of a river.", "5. Original; first principle or cause; the source of any thing.", "Almighty God, the fountain of all goodness.", "Fount of types. See Font."], "four": ["FOUR, a. L. petoritum, petorritum, a carriage with four wheels, petor-rota.", "Twice two; denoting the sum or two and two."], "fourfold": ["FOURFOLD, a. Four double; quadruple; four times told; as a fourfold division.", "He shall restore the lamb fourfold. 2Sam. 12.", "FOURFOLD, n. Four times as much."], "fourfooted": ["FOURFOOTED, a. Quadruped; having four feet; as the horse and the ox."], "fourscore": ["FOURSCORE, a. See Score. Four times twenty; eighty. It is used elliptically for fourscore years; as a man of fourscore."], "foursquare": ["FOURSQUARE, a. Having four sides and four angles equal; quadrangular."], "fourteen": ["FOURTEEN, a. four and ten. Four and ten; twice seven."], "fourteenth": ["FOURTEENTH, a. The ordinal of fourteen; the fourth after the tenth."], "fourth": ["FOURTH, a. The ordinal of four; the next after the third.", "FOURTH, n. In music, an interval composed of two tones and a semitone. Three full tones compose a triton, or fourth redundant."], "fowl": ["FOWL, n. L. fugio, fugo, Gr. and signifying the flying animal.", "A flying or winged animal; the generic name of certain animals that move through the air by the aid of wings. Fowls have two feet, are covered with feathers, and have wings for flight. Bird is a young fowl or chicken, and may well be applied to the smaller species of fowls. But it has usurped the place of fowl, and is used improperly as the generic term.", "Fowl is used as a collective noun. We dined on fish and fowl.", "Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air. Gen. 1.", "But this use in America is not frequent. We generally use the plural, fowls. The word is colloquially used for poultry, or rather, in a more limited sense, for barn door fowls.", "FOWL, v.i. To catch or kill wild fowls for game or food; as by means of bird-lime, decoys, nets and snares, or by pursuing them with hawks, or by shooting."], "fowling": ["FOWL'ING, ppr. Pursuing or taking wild fowls.", "FOWL'ING, n. The art or practice of catching or shooting fowls; also, falconry."], "fowler": ["FOWL'ER, n. A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or takes or kills them for food."], "fox": ["FOX. n.", "1. An animal of the genus Canis, with a straight tail, yellowish or straw-colored hair, and erect ears. This animal burrows in the earth, is remarkable for his cunning, and preys on lambs, geese, hens or other small animals.", "2. A sly, cunning fellow.", "3. In seaman's language, a seizing made by twisting several rope-yarns together.", "4. Formerly, a cant expression for a sword."], "fragment": ["FRAG'MENT, n. L. fragmentum, from frango, to break.", "1. A part broken off; a piece separated from any thing by breaking.", "Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing is lost. John 6.", "2. A part separated from the rest; an imperfect part; as fragments of ancient writings.", "3. A small detached portion; as fragments of time."], "frail": ["FRAIL, a. L. fragilis, or from a different root.", "1. Weak; infirm; liable to fail and decay; subject to casualties; easily destroyed; perishable; not firm or durable.", "That I may know how frail I am. Ps. 39.", "2. Weak in mind or resolution; liable to error deception.", "Man is frail, and prone to evil.", "3. Weak; easily broken or overset; as a frail bark.", "FRAIL, n.", "1. A basket made of rushes.", "2. A rush for weaving baskets.", "3. A certain quantity of raisins, about 75 pounds."], "frailness": ["FRA'ILNESS, n. Weakness; infirmity; as the frailness of the body."], "frame": ["FRAME, v.t. L. armus, Eng. arm.", "1. To fit or prepare and unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing; to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various parts; as, to frame a house or other building.", "2. To fit one thing to another; to adjust; to make suitable.", "3. To make; to compose; as, to frame a law.", "For thou art framed of the firm truth of valor.", "4. To regulate; to adjust; to shape; to conform; as, to frame our lives according to the rules of the gospel.", "5. To form and digest by thought; as, to frame ideas in the mind.", "How many excellent reasonings are framed in the mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years!", "6. To contrive; to plan; to devise; as, to frame a project or design.", "7. To invent; to fabricate, in a bad sense; as, to frame a story or lie.", "FRAME, v.i. To contrive. Judges 12:6.", "FRAME, n.", "1. The timbers of an edifice fitted and joined in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the covering; as the frame of a house, barn, bridge or ship.", "2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts united; as the frame of an ox or horse. So we say, the frame of the heavenly arch; the frame of the world.", "3. Any kind of case or structure made for admitting, inclosing or supporting things; as the frame of a window, door, picture or looking glass.", "4. Among printers, a stand to support the cases in which the types are distributed.", "5. Among founders, a kind of ledge, inclosing a board, which being filled with wet sand, serves as a mold for castings.", "6. A sort of loom on which linen, silk, &c. is stretched for quilting or embroidering.", "7. Order; regularity; adjusted series or composition of parts. We say, a person is out of frame; the mind is not in a good frame.", "Your steady soul preserves her frame.", "8. Form; scheme; structure; constitution; system; as a frame of government.", "9. Contrivance; projection.", "John the bastard, whose spirits toil in frame of villainies.", "10. Shape; form; proportion."], "framed": ["FRA'MED, pp. Fitted and united in due form; made; composed; devised; adjusted."], "framing": ["FRA'MING, ppr. Fitting and joining in due construction; making; fabricating; composing; adjusting; inventing; contriving."], "frankincense": ["FRANKIN'CENSE, n. frank and incense. A dry resinous substance in pieces or drops, of a pale yellowish white color, of a bitterish acrid taste, and very inflammable; used as a perfume."], "frankly": ["FRANK'LY, adv.", "1. Openly; freely; ingenuously; without reserve, constraint or disguise; as, to confess one's faults frankly.", "2. Liberally; freely; readily. Luke 7."], "fraud": ["FRAUD, n. L. fraus.", "Deceit; deception; trick; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; a stratagem intended to obtain some undue advantage; an attempt to gain or the obtaining of an advantage over another by imposition or immoral means, particularly deception in contracts, or bargain and sale, either by stating falsehoods, or suppressing truth.", "If success a lover's toil attends, who asks if force or fraud obtained his ends."], "fraudful": ["FRAUD'FUL, a.", "1. Deceitful in making bargains; trickish; treacherous; applied to persons.", "2. Containing fraud or deceit; applied to things."], "fray": ["FRAY, n. L. fractura, from frango, frico.", "1. A boil, quarrel or violent riot, that puts men in fear. This is the vulgar word for affray, and the sense seems to refer the word to Fr. effrayer.", "2. A combat; a battle; also, a single combat or duel.", "3. A contest; contention.", "4. A rub; a fret or chafe in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.", "FRAY, v.t. To fright; to terrify. Obs."], "frayed": ["FRA'YED, pp. Frightened; rubbed; worn."], "fraying": ["FRA'YING, ppr. Frightening; terrifying; rubbing.", "FRA'YING, n. Peel of a deer's horn."], "freckle": ["FRECK'LE, n.", "1. A spot of a yellowish color in the skin, particularly on the face, neck and hands. Freckles may be natural or produced by the action of the sun on the skin, or from the jaundice.", "2. Any small spot or discoloration."], "freckled": ["FRECK'LED, a.", "1. Spotted; having small yellowish spots on the skin or surface; as a freckled face or neck.", "2. Spotted; as a freckled cowslip."], "free": ["FREE, n. Heb. See Frank.", "1. Being at liberty; not being under necessity or restraint, physical or moral; a word of general application to the body, the will or mind, and to corporations.", "2. In government, not enslaved; not in a state of vassalage or dependence; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent, and to a regular administration of such laws; not subject to the arbitrary will of a sovereign or lord; as a free state, nation or people.", "3. Instituted by a free people, or by consent or choice of those who are to be subjects, and securing private rights and privileges by fixed laws and principles; not arbitrary or despotic; as a free constitution or government.", "There can be no free government without a democratical branch in the constitution.", "4. Not imprisoned, confined or under arrest; as, the prisoner is set free.", "5. Unconstrained; unrestrained; not under compulsion or control. A man is free to pursue his own choice; he enjoys free will.", "6. Permitted; allowed; open; not appropriated; as, places of honor and confidence are free to all; we seldom hear of a commerce perfectly free.", "7. Not obstructed; as, the water has a free passage or channel; the house is open to a free current of air.", "8. Licentious; unrestrained. The reviewer is very free in his censures.", "9. Open; candid; frank; ingenuous; unreserved; as, we had a free conversation together.", "Will you be free and candid to your friend?", "10. Liberal in expenses; not parsimonious; as a free purse; a man is free to give to all useful institutions.", "11. Gratuitous; not gained by importunity or purchase. He made him a free offer of his services. It is a free gift. The salvation of men is of free grace.", "12. Clear of crime or offense; guiltless; innocent.", "My hands are guilty, but my heart is free.", "13. Not having feeling or suffering; clear; exempt; with from; as free from pain or disease; free from remorse.", "14. Not encumbered with; as free from a burden.", "15. Open to all, without restriction or without expense; as a free school.", "16. Invested with franchises; enjoying certain immunities; with of; as a man free of the city of London.", "17. Possessing without vassalage or slavish conditions; as free of his farm.", "18. Liberated from the government or control of parents, or of a guardian or master. A son or an apprentice, when of age, is free.", "19. Ready; eager; not dull; acting without spurring or shipping; as a free horse.", "20. Genteel; charming. Not in use.", "FREE, v.t.", "1. To remove from a thing any encumbrance or obstruction; to disengage from; to rid; to strip; to clear; as, to free the body from clothes; to free the feet from fetters; to free a channel from sand.", "2. To set at liberty; to rescue or release from slavery, captivity or confinement; to loose. The prisoner is freed from arrest.", "3. To disentangle; to disengage.", "4. To exempt.", "He that is dead is freed from sin. Rom. 6.", "5. To manumit; to release from bondage; as, to free a slave.", "6. To clear from water, as a ship by pumping.", "7. To release from obligation or duty.", "To free from or free of, is to rid of, by removing, in any manner."], "freeing": ["FREE'ING, ppr. Delivering from restraint; releasing from confinement; removing incumbrances or hinderances from any thing; clearing."], "freed": ["FREED, pp. Set at liberty; loosed; delivered from restraint; cleared of hinderance or obstruction."], "freedom": ["FREE'DOM, n.", "1. A state of exemption from the power or control of another; liberty; exemption from slavery, servitude or confinement. Freedom is personal, civil, political, and religious. See Liberty.", "2. Particular privileges; franchise; immunity; as the freedom of a city.", "3. Power of enjoying franchises.", "4. Exemption from fate, necessity, or any constraint in consequence of predetermination or otherwise; as the freedom of the will.", "5. Any exemption from constraint or control.", "6. Ease or facility of doing any thing. He speaks or acts with freedom.", "7. Frankness; boldness. He addressed his audience with freedom.", "8. License; improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; with a plural. Beware of what are called innocent freedoms."], "freely": ["FREE'LY, adv.", "1. At liberty; without vassalage, slavery or dependence.", "2. Without restraint, constraint or compulsion; voluntarily. To render a moral agent accountable, he must act freely.", "3. Plentifully; in abundance; as, to eat or drink freely.", "4. Without scruple or reserve; as, to censure freely.", "5. Without impediment or hinderance.", "Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat. Gen. 2.", "6. Without necessity, or compulsion from divine predetermination.", "Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.", "7. Without obstruction; largely; copiously. The patient bled freely.", "8. Spontaneously; without constraint or persuasion.", "9. Liberally; generously; as, to give freely to the poor.", "10. Gratuitously; of free will or grace, with out purchase or consideration.", "Freely ye have received, freely give. Matt. 10."], "freeman": ["FREE'MAN, n. free and man.", "1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal.", "2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar privilege; as the freemen of a city or state."], "freewill": ["FREEWILL', n.", "1. The power of directing our own actions without restraint by necessity or fate.", "2. Voluntariness; spontaneousness."], "freewoman": ["FREE'WOMAN, n. A woman not a slave."], "frequent": ["FRE'QUENT, a. L. frequens.", "1. Often seen or done; often happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring. We made frequent visits to the hospital.", "2. Used often to practice any thing. He was frequent and loud in his declamations against the revolution.", "3. Full; crowded; thronged. Not used.", "FRE'QUENT, v.t. L. frequento.", "To visit often; to resort to often or habitually. The man who frequents a dram-shop, an ale house, or a gaming table, is in the road to poverty, disgrace and ruin.", "He frequented the court of Augustus."], "frequentable": ["FREQUENT'ABLE, a. Accessible. Not used."], "frequentation": ["FREQUENTA'TION, n.", "1. The act of frequenting.", "2. The habit of visiting often."], "frequentative": ["FREQUENT'ATIVE, a.", "In grammar, signifying the frequent repetition of an action; as a frequentative verb."], "frequented": ["FRE'QUENTED, pp. Often visited."], "frequenter": ["FRE'QUENTER, n. One who often visits or resorts to customarily."], "frequently": ["FRE'QUENTLY, adv. Often; many times; at short intervals; commonly."], "frequentness": ["FRE'QUENTNESS, n. The quality of being frequent or often repeated."], "fresh": ["FRESH, a. Eng. rush, which gives the radical sense, though it may not be the same word.", "1. Moving with celerity; brisk; strong; somewhat vehement; as a fresh breeze; fresh wind; the primary sense.", "2. Having the color and appearance of young thrifty plants; lively; not impaired or faded; as when we say, the fields look fresh and green.", "3. Having the appearance of a healthy youth; florid; ruddy; as a fresh-colored young man.", "4. New; recently grown; as fresh vegetables.", "5. New; recently made or obtained. We have a fresh supply of goods from the manufactory, or from India; fresh tea; fresh raisins.", "6. Not impaired by time; not forgotten or obliterated. The story is fresh in my mind; the ideas are fresh in my recollection.", "7. Not salt; as fresh water; fresh meat.", "8. Recently from the well or spring; pure and cool; not warm or vapid. Bring a glass of fresh water.", "9. In a state like that of recent growth or recentness; as, to preserve flowers and fruit fresh.", "Fresh as April, sweet as May.", "10. Repaired from loss or diminution; having new vigor. He rose fresh for the combat.", "11. New; that has lately come or arrived; as fresh news; fresh dispatches.", "12. Sweet; in a good state; not stale.", "13. Unpracticed; unused; not before employed; as a fresh hand on board of a ship.", "14. Moderately rapid; as, the ship makes fresh way.", "FRESH, n. A freshet."], "freshes": ["FRESH'ES, n.", "1. The mingling of fresh water with salt water in rivers or bays, or the increased current of an ebb tide by means of a flood of fresh water, flowing towards or into the sea, and discoloring the water.", "2. A flood; an overflowing; an inundation; a freshet."], "freshness": ["FRESH'NESS, n.", "1. Newness; vigor; spirit; the contrary to vapidness; as the freshness of liquors or odors.", "2. Vigor; liveliness; the contrary to a faded state; as the freshness of plants or of green fields.", "3. Newness of strength; renewed vigor; opposed to weariness or fatigue.", "The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men.", "4. Coolness; invigorating quality or state.", "And breathe the freshness of the open air.", "5. Color of youth and health; ruddiness.", "Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace.", "6. Freedom from saltiness; as the freshness of water or flesh.", "7. A new or recent state or quality; rawness.", "8. Briskness, as of wind."], "fret": ["FRET, v.t. L. rodo, rosi, rado, to scrape. To fret or gnaw gives the sense of unevenness, roughness, in substances; the like appearance is given to fluids by agitation.", "1. To rub; to wear away a substance by friction; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal.", "2. To corrode; to gnaw; to ear away; as, a worm frets the planks of a ship.", "3. To impair; to wear away.", "By starts, his fretted fortunes give him hope and fear.", "4. To form into raised work.", "5. To variegate; to diversify.", "Yon gray lines that fret the clouds are messengers of day.", "6. To agitate violently.", "7. To agitate; to disturb; to make rough; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water.", "8. To tease; to irritate; to vex; to make angry.", "Fret not thyself because of evil doers. Ps. 38.", "9. To wear away; to chafe; to gall. Let not a saddle or harness fret the skin of your horse.", "FRET, v.i.", "1. To be worn away; to be corroded. Any substance will in time fret away by friction.", "2. To eat or wear in; to make way of attrition or corrosion.", "Many wheels arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation.", "3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; as the rancor that frets in the malignant breast.", "4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions.", "He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.", "FRET, n.", "1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water; small undulations continually repeated.", "2. Work raised in protuberances; or a kind of knot consisting of two lists or small fillets interlaced, used as an ornament in architecture.", "3. Agitation of mind; commotion of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret.", "Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret.", "4. A short piece of wire fixed on the fingerboard of a guitar, &c., which being pressed against the strings varies the tone.", "5. In heraldry, a bearing composed of bars crossed and interlaced.", "FRET, v.t. To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.", "FRET, n. L. fretum. A frith, which see."], "fretful": ["FRET'FUL, a. Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as a fretful temper."], "fretfulness": ["FRET'FULNESS, n. Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition to fret and complain."], "fretted": ["FRET'TED, pp. Eaten; corroded; rubbed or worn away; agitated; vexed; made rough on the surface; variegated; ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets."], "fretting": ["FRET'TING, ppr. Corroding; wearing away; agitating; vexing; making rough on the surface; variegating.", "FRET'TING, n. Agitation; commotion."], "friend": ["FRIEND, n. frend.", "1. One who is attached to another by affection; one who entertains for another sentiments of esteem, respect and affection, which lead him to desire his company, and to seek to promote his happiness and prosperity; opposed to foe or enemy.", "A friend loveth at all times. Prov. 17.", "2. One not hostile; opposed to an enemy in war.", "3. One reconciled after enmity. Let us be friends again.", "4. An attendant; a companion.", "5. A favorer; one who is propitious; as a friend to commerce; a friend to poetry; a friend to charitable institution.", "6. A favorite. Hushai was David's friend.", "7. A term of salutation; a familiar compellation.", "Friend, how camest thou in hither? Matt. 22.", "So Christ calls Judas his friend, though a traitor.", "Matt. 26.", "8. Formerly, a paramour.", "9. A friend at court, one who has sufficient interest to serve another.", "FRIEND, v.t. frend. To favor; to countenance; to befriend; to support or aid. But we now use befriend."], "friended": ["FRIEND'ED, pp. frend'ed.", "1. Favored; befriended.", "2. a. Inclined to love; well disposed."], "friendliness": ["FRIEND'LINESS, n. frend'liness.", "1. A disposition to friendship; friendly disposition.", "2. Exertion of benevolence or kindness."], "friendly": ["FRIEND'LY, a. frend'ly.", "1. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; kind; favorable; disposed to promote the good of another.", "Thou to mankind be good and friendly still, and oft return.", "2. Disposed to peace.", "3. Amicable. We are on friendly terms.", "4. Not hostile; as a friendly power or state.", "5. Favorable; propitious; salutary; promoting the good of; as a friendly breeze or gale. Excessive rains are not friendly to the ripening fruits. Temperance is friendly to longevity.", "FRIEND'LY, adv. frend'ly. In the manner of friends; amicably. Not much used."], "friendship": ["FRIEND'SHIP, n. frend'ship.", "1. An attachment to a person, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a reciprocation of kind offices, or from a favorable opinion of the amiable and respectable qualities of his mind. Friendship differs from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in general, and from that love which springs from animal appetite. True friendship is a noble and virtuous attachment, springing from a pure source, a respect for worth or amiable qualities. False friendship may subsist between bad men, as between thieves and pirates. This is a temporary attachment springing from interest, and may change in a moment to enmity and rancor.", "There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence without integrity.", "There is little friendship in the world.", "The first law of friendship is sincerity.", "2. Mutual attachment; intimacy.", "If not in friendship, live at least in peace.", "3. Favor; personal kindness.", "His friendships, still a few confined, were always of the middling kind.", "4. Friendly aid; help; assistance.", "5. Conformity; affinity; correspondence; aptness to unite.", "We know those colors which have a friendship with each other.", "Not common and hardly legitimate."], "fringe": ["FRINGE, n. frinj. L. frango, to break.", "1. An ornamental appendage to the borders of garments or furniture, consisting of loose threads.", "The golden fringe ev'n set the ground on flame.", "2. Something resembling fringe; an open broken border.", "FRINGE, v.t. To adorn or border with fringe or a loose edging."], "fringed": ["FRING'ED, pp. Bordered with fringe."], "fringing": ["FRING'ING, ppr. Bordering with fringe."], "fro": ["FRO, adv. In some languages it is a prefix, having the force of a negative.", "From; away; back or backward; as in the phrase, to and fro, that is, to and from, forward or toward and backward, hither and thither."], "frog": ["FROG, n. L. rana, from the root of rend, from its broken shape, or from leaping, or its fragor or hoarse voice.", "1. An amphibious animal of the genus Rana, with four feet, a naked body, and without a tail. It is remarkable for swimming with rapidity, and for taking large leaps on land. Frogs lie torpid during winter.", "2. In farriery. See Frush."], "from": ["FROM, prep.", "The sense of from may be expressed by the noun distance, or by the adjective distant, or by the participles, departing, removing to a distance. Thus it is one hundred miles from Boston to Hartford. He took his sword from his side. Light proceeds from the sun. Water issues from the earth in springs. Separate the coarse wool from the fine. Men have all sprung from Adam. Men often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse. The merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds. Men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony. We should aim to judge from undeniable premises.", "The sense of from is literal or figurative, but it is uniformly the same.", "In certain phrases, generally or always elliptical, from is followed by certain adverbs, denoting place, region or position, indefinitely, no precise point being expressed; as,", "From above, from the upper regions.", "From afar, from a distance.", "From beneath, from a place or region below.", "From below, from a lower place.", "From behind, from a place or position in the rear.", "From far, from a distant place.", "From high, from on high, from a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven.", "From hence, from this place; but from is superfluous before hence. The phrase however is common.", "From thence, from that place; from being superfluous.", "From whence, from which place; from being superfluous.", "From where, from which place.", "From within, from the interior or inside.", "From without, from the outside, from abroad.", "From precedes another preposition, followed by its proper object or case.", "From amidst, as from amidst the waves.", "From among, as from among the trees.", "From beneath, as from beneath my head.", "From beyond, as from beyond the river.", "From forth, as from forth his bridal bower. But this is an inverted order of the words; forth from his bower.", "From off, as from off the mercy seat, that is, from the top or surface.", "From out, as from out a window, that is, through an opening or from the inside.", "From out of, is an ill combination of words and not to be used.", "From under, as from under the bed, from under the ashes, that is, from beneath or the lower side.", "From within, as from within the house, that is, from the inner part or interior."], "front": ["FRONT, n. L. frons, frontis; Gr. the nose.", "1. Properly, the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes; hence, the whole face.", "His front yet threatens, and his frowns command.", "2. The forehead or face, as expressive of the temper or disposition; as a fold front, equivalent to boldness or impudence. So a hardened front is shamelessness.", "3. The forepart of any thing; as the front of a house, the principal face or side.", "4. The forepart or van of an army or a body of troops.", "5. The part or place before the face, or opposed to it, or to the forepart of a thing. He stood in front of his troops. The road passes in front of his house.", "6. The most conspicuous part or particular.", "7. Impudence; as men of front.", "FRONT, v.t.", "1. To oppose face to face; to oppose directly.", "I shall front thee, like some staring ghost, with all my wrongs about me.", "2. To stand opposed or opposite, or over against any thing; as, his house fronts the church.", "FRONT, v.i.", "1. To stand foremost.", "2. To have the face or front towards any point of compass."], "fronted": ["FRONT'ED, a. Formed with a front."], "frontier": ["FRONTIE'R, n.", "The marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; that is, the part furthest advanced, or the part that fronts an enemy, or which an invading enemy meets in front, or which fronts another country.", "FRONTIE'R, a. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as a frontier town."], "frontiered": ["FRONTIE'RED, a. Guarded on the frontiers."], "frontlet": ["FRONT'LET, n. from front. A frontal or browband; a fillet or band worn on the forehead. Deut. 6."], "frost": ["FROST, n.", "1. A fluid congealed by cold into ice or crystals; as hoar-frost, which is dew or vapor congealed.", "He scattereth the hoar-frost like ashes. Ps. 147.", "2. The act of freezing; congelation of fluids.", "The third day comes a frost, a killing frost.", "3. In physiology, that state or temperature of the air which occasions freezing or the coagelation of water.", "4. The appearance of plants sparkling with icy crystals.", "FROST, v.t.", "1. In cookery, to cover or sprinkle with a composition of sugar, resembling hoar-frost; as, to frost cake.", "2. To cover with any thing resembling hoarfrost."], "frosted": ["FROST'ED, pp.", "1. Covered with a composition like white frost.", "2. a. Having hair changed to a gray or white color, as if covered with hoar-frost; as a head frosted by age."], "frosting": ["FROST'ING, ppr. covering with something resembling hoar-frost.", "FROST'ING, n. the composition resembling hoar-frost, used to cover cake, &c."], "froward": ["FRO'WARD, a. L. versus: turned or looking from.", "Perverse, that is, turning from, with aversion or reluctance; not willing to yield or comply with what is required; unyielding; ungovernable; refractory; disobedient; peevish; as a froward child.", "They are a very froward generation, children in whom is no fair. Deut. 32."], "frowardness": ["FRO'WARDNESS, n. Perverseness; reluctance to yield or comply; disobedience; peevishness."], "frowardly": ["FRO'WARDLY, adv. Perversely; in a peevish manner."], "frozen": ["FRO'ZEN, pp. of freeze.", "1. Congealed by cold.", "2. Cold; frosty; chill; as the frozen climates of the north.", "3. Chill or cold in affection.", "4. Void of natural heat or vigor."], "fruit": ["FRUIT, n. L. fructus. The Latin word is the participle of fruor, contracted from frugor, or frucor, to use, to take the profit of.", "1. In a general sense, whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of animals, or for clothing or profit. Among the fruits of the earth are included not only corn of all kinds, but grass, cotton, flax, grapes and all cultivated plants. In this comprehensive sense, the word is generally used in the plural.", "2. In a more limited sense, the produce of a tree or other plant; the last production for the propagation or multiplication of its kind; the seed of plants, or the part that contains the seeds; as wheat, rye, oats, apples, quinces, pears, cherries, acorns, melons, &c.", "3. In botany, the seed of a plant, or the seed with the pericarp.", "4. Production; that which is produced.", "The fruit of the spirit is in all goodness, and righteousness, and truth. Eph. 5.", "5. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the body.", "6. Effect or consequence.", "They shall eat the fruit of their doings. Is. 3.", "7. Advantage; profit; good derived.", "What fruit had ye then in those things whereof ye are now ashamed? Rom 6.", "8. Production, effect or consequence; in an ill sense; as the fruits of sin; the fruits of intemperance.", "FRUIT, v.i. To produce fruit. Not well authorized."], "fruitful": ["FRUITFUL, a.", "1. Very productive; producing fruit in abundance; as fruitful soil; a fruitful tree; a fruitful season.", "2. Prolific; bearing children; not barren.", "Be fruitful, and multiply - Gen. 1.", "3. Plenteous; abounding in any thing.", "4. Productive of any thing; fertile; as fruitful in expedients.", "5. Producing in abundance; generating; as fruitful in crimes."], "fruitfulness": ["FRUITFULNESS, n.", "1. The quality of producing fruit in abundance; productiveness; fertility; as the fruitfulness of land.", "2. Fecundity; the quality of being prolific, or producing many young; applied to animals.", "3. Productiveness of the intellect; as the fruitfulness of the brain.", "4. Exuberant abundance."], "frustrate": ["FRUS'TRATE, v.t. L. frustro.", "1. Literally, to break or interrupt; hence, to defeat; to disappoint; to balk; to bring to nothing; as, to frustrate a plan, design or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose.", "2. To disappoint; applied to persons.", "3. To make null; to nullify; to render of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed.", "FRUS'TRATE, part. a. Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; void; of no effect."], "frustrated": ["FRUS'TRATED, pp. Defeated; disappointed; rendered vain or null."], "frustrating": ["FRUS'TRATING, ppr. Defeating; disappointing; making vain or of no effect."], "frustration": ["FRUSTRA'TION, n. The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as the frustration of one's attempt or design."], "fryingpan": ["FRY'INGPAN, n. a pan with a long handle, used for frying meat and vegetables."], "fuel": ["FU'EL, n. L. focus.", "1. Any matter which serves as aliment to fire; that which feeds fire; combustible matter, as wood, coal, peat, &c.", "2. Any thing that serves to feed or increase flame, heat or excitement.", "FU'EL, v.t.", "1. To feed with combustible matter.", "Never, alas! the dreadful name, that fuels the infernal flame.", "2. To store with fuel or firing."], "fueled": ["FU'ELED, pp. Fed with combustible matter; stored with firing."], "fueling": ["FU'ELING, ppr. Feeding with fuel; supplying with fuel."], "fugitive": ["FU'GITIVE, a. L. fugitivus, from fugio, to flee. Gr.", "1. Volatile; apt to flee away; readily wafted by the wind.", "The more tender and fugitive parts -", "2. Not tenable; not to be held or detained; readily escaping; as a fugitive idea.", "3. Unstable; unsteady; fleeting; not fixed or durable.", "4. Fleeing; running from danger or pursuit.", "5. Fleeing from duty; eloping; escaping.", "Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself, while her parents are in tears?", "6. Wandering; vagabond; as a fugitive physician.", "7. In literature, fugitive compositions are such as are short and occasional, written in haste or at intervals, and considered to be fleeting and temporary.", "FU'GITIVE, n.", "1. One who fees from his station or duty; a deserter; one who flees from danger.", "2. One who has fled or deserted and taken refuge under another power, or one who has fled from punishment.", "3. One hard to be caught or detained.", "Or catch that airy fugitive, called wit."], "fugitiveness": ["FU'GITIVENESS, n.", "1. Volatility; fugacity; an aptness to fly away.", "2. Instability; unsteadiness."], "fulfill": ["FULFILL', v.t. A tautological compound of full and fill.", "1. To accomplish; to perform; to complete; to answer in execution or event what has been foretold or promised; as, to fulfill a prophecy or prediction; to fulfill a promise.", "2. To accomplish what was intended; to answer a design by execution.", "Here nature seems fulfilled in all her ends.", "3. To accomplish or perform what was desired; to answer any desire by compliance or gratification.", "He will fulfill the desire of them that fear him. Ps. 145.", "4. To perform what is required; to answer a law by obedience.", "If ye fulfill the royal law according to the scripture, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, ye do well. James 2.", "5. To complete in time.", "Fulfill her week. Gen. 29.", "6. In general, to accomplish; to complete; to carry into effect."], "fulfilled": ["FULFILL'ED, pp. Accomplished; performed; completed; executed."], "fulfiller": ["FULFILL'ER, n. One that fulfills or accomplishes."], "fulfilling": ["FULFILL'ING, ppr. Accomplishing; performing; completing."], "full": ["FULL, a.", "1. Replete; having within its limits all that it can contain; as a vessel full of liquor.", "2. Abounding with; having a large quantity or abundance; as a house full of furniture; life is full of cares and perplexities.", "3. Supplied; not vacant.", "Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been regular.", "4. Plump; fat; as a full body.", "5. Saturated; sated.", "I am full of the burnt offerings of rams. Is. 1.", "6. Crowded, with regard to the imagination or memory.", "Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions.", "7. Large; entire; not partial; that fills; as a full meal.", "8. Complete; entire; not defective or partial; as the full accomplishment of a prophecy.", "9. Complete; entire; without abatement.", "It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharoah dreamed - Gen 41.", "10. Containing the whole matter; expressing the whole; as a full narration or description.", "11. Strong; not faint or attenuated; loud; clear; distinct; as a full voice or sound.", "12. Mature; perfect; as a person of full age.", "13. Entire; complete; denoting the completion of a sentence; as a full stop or point.", "14. Spread to view in all dimensions; as a head drawn with a full face.", "15. Exhibiting the whole disk or surface illuminated; as the full moon.", "16. Abundant; plenteous; sufficient. We have a full supply of provisions for the year.", "17. Adequate; equal; as a full compensation or reward for labor.", "18. Well fed.", "19. Well supplied or furnished; abounding.", "20. Copious; ample. The speaker or the writer was full upon that point.", "A full band, in music, is when all the voices and instruments are employed.", "A full organ, is when all or most of the stops are out.", "FULL, n.", "1. Complete measure; utmost extent. this instrument answers to the full.", "2. The highest state or degree.", "The swan's down feather, that stands upon the swell at full of tide -", "3. The whole; the total; in the phrase, at full.", "4. The state of satiety; as fed to the full.", "The full of the moon, is the time when it presents to the spectator its whole face illuminated, as it always does when in opposition to the sun.", "FULL, adv.", "1. Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution.", "The pawn I proffer shall be full as good.", "2. With the whole effect.", "The diapason closing full in man.", "3. Exactly.", "Full in the center of the sacred wood.", "4. Directly; as, he looked him full in the face.", "It is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification; as full sad.", "Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition. Mark 7.", "Full is prefixed to other words, chiefly participles, to express utmost extent or degree."], "fulled": ["FULL'ED, pp. Cleansed; thickened; made dense and firm in a mill."], "fulling": ["FULL'ING, ppr. Thickening cloth in a mill; making compact.", "FULL'ING, n. The art or practice of thickening cloth and making it compact and firm in a mill, at the same time the cloth is cleansed of oily matter."], "fullness": ["FULL'NESS, n. from full.", "1. The state of being filled, so as to leave no part vacant.", "2. The state of abounding or being in great plenty; abundance.", "3. Completeness; the state of a thing in which nothing is wanted; perfection.", "In thy presence is fullness of joy. Ps. 16.", "4. Repletion; satiety; as from intemperance.", "5. Repletion of vessels; as fullness of blood.", "6. Plenty; wealth; affluence.", "7. Struggling perturbation; swelling; as the fullness of the heart.", "8. Largeness; extent.", "There wanted the fullness of a plot, and variety of characters to form it as it ought.", "9. Loudness; force of sound, such as fills the ear."], "fuller": ["FULL'ER, n. One whose occupation is to full cloth."], "fully": ["FUL'LY, adv.", "1. Completely; entirely; without lack or defect; in a manner to give satisfaction; to the extent desired; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition.", "2. Completely; perfectly. Things partially known in this life will be hereafter fully disclosed."], "furbish": ["FUR'BISH, v.t.", "To rub or scour to brightness; to polish; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear; to furbish arms."], "furbished": ["FUR'BISHED, pp. Scoured to brightness; polished; burnished."], "furbisher": ["FUR'BISHER, n. One who polishes or makes bright by rubbing; one who cleans."], "furbishing": ["FUR'BISHING, ppr. Rubbing to brightness; polishing."], "furious": ["FU'RIOUS, a. See Fury.", "1. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as a furious stream; a furious wind or storm.", "2. Raging; violent; transported with passion; as a furious animal.", "3. Mad; phrenetic."], "furiously": ["FU'RIOUSLY, adv. With impetuous motion or agitation; violently; vehemently; as, to run furiously; to attack one furiously."], "furiousness": ["FU'RIOUSNESS, n.", "1. Impetuous motion or rushing; violent agitation.", "2. Madness; phrensy; rage.."], "furlong": ["FUR'LONG, n.", "A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods, poles or perches."], "furnace": ["FUR'NACE, n. L. fornax, furnus, either from burning, or the sense is an arch.", "1. A place where a vehement fire and heat may be made and maintained, for melting ores or metals, &c. A furnace for casting cannon and other large operations is inclosed with walls through which a current of air is blown from a large bellows. In smaller operations a vessel is constructed with a chamber or cavity, with a door and a grate.", "2. In scripture, a place of cruel bondage and affliction. Deut. 4.", "3. Grievous afflictions by which men are tried. Ezek. 22.", "4. A place of temporal torment. Dan. 3.", "5. Hell; the place of endless torment. Matt. 13.", "FUR'NACE, v.t. To throw out sparks as a furnace."], "furnish": ["FUR'NISH, v.t. There is a close affinity, in sense and elements, between furnish, garnish, and the L. orno, which may have been forno or horno. We see in furlow, above the f is lost in three of the languages, and it may be so in orno. The primary sense is to put on, or to set on.", "1. To supply with any thing wanted or necessary; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish arms for defense; to furnish a table; to furnish a library; to furnish one with money or implements.", "2. To supply; to store; as, to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles.", "3. To fit up; to supply with the proper goods, vessels or ornamental appendages; as, to furnish a house or a room.", "4. To equip; to fit for an expedition; to supply."], "furnished": ["FUR'NISHED, a. Supplied; garnished; fitted with necessaries."], "furnisher": ["FUR'NISHER, n. One who supplies or fits out."], "furnishing": ["FUR'NISHING, ppr. Supplying; fitting; garnishing."], "furniture": ["FUR'NITURE, n.", "1. Goods, vessels, utensils and other appendages necessary or convenient for housekeeping; whatever is added to the interior of a house or apartment, for use or convenience.", "2. Appendages; that which is added for use or ornament; as the earth with all its furniture.", "3. Equipage; ornaments; decorations; in a very general sense."], "furrow": ["FUR'ROW, n. Gr. to plow.", "1. A trench in the earth made by a plow.", "2. A long narrow trench or channel in wood or metal; a groove.", "3. A hollow made by wrinkles in the face.", "FUR'ROW, v.t.", "1. To cut a furrow; to make furrows in; to plow.", "2. To make long narrow channels or grooves in.", "3. To cut; to make channels in; to plow; as, to furrow the deep.", "4. To make hollows in by wrinkles. Sorrow furrows the brow."], "further": ["FUR'THER, a.", "1. More or most distant; as the further end of the field.", "2. Additional. We have a further reason for this opinion. We have nothing further to suggest.", "What further need have we of witnesses? Matt. 26.", "FUR'THER, adv. To a greater distance. He went further.", "FUR'THER, v.t.", "To help forward; to promote; to advance onward; to forward; hence, to help or assist.", "This binds thee then to further my design."], "furtherance": ["FUR'THERANCE, n. A helping forward; promotion; advancement.", "I know that I shall abide and continue with you all, for your furtherance and joy of faith. Phil. 1."], "furthered": ["FUR'THERED, pp. Promoted; advanced."], "furtherer": ["FUR'THERER, n. One who helps to advance; a promoter."], "furthermore": ["FUR'THERMORE, adv. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said."], "fury": ["FU'RY, n. L. furor, furia, furo, to rage.", "1. A violent rushing; impetuous motion; as the fury of the winds.", "2. Rage; a storm of anger; madness; turbulence.", "I do oppose my patience to his fury.", "3. Enthusiasm; heat of the mind.", "4. In mythology, a deity; a goddess of vengeance; hence, a stormy turbulent, violent woman."], "gad": ["GAD, n.", "1. A wedge or ingot of steel.", "2. A style or graver.", "3. A punch of iron with a wooden handle, used by miners.", "GAD, v.i.", "1. To walk about; to rove or ramble idly or without any fixed purpose.", "Give the water no passage, neither a wicked woman liberty to gad abroad.", "2. To ramble in growth; as the gadding vine."], "gadding": ["GAD'DING, ppr. Rambling; roving; walking about."], "gain": ["GAIN, v.t. Heb. to gain, to possess.", "1. To obtain by industry or the employment of capital; to get as profit or advantage; to acquire. Any industrious person may gain a good living in America; but it is less difficult to gain property, than it is to use it with prudence. Money at interest may gain five, six, or seven per cent.", "What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world,and lose his own soul? Matt.16.", "2. To win; to obtain by superiority or success; as, to gain a battle or a victory; to gain a prize; to gain a cause in law.", "3. To obtain; to acquire; to procure; to receive; as, to gain favor; to gain reputation.", "For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease.", "4. To obtain an increase of anything; as, to gain time.", "5. To obtain or receive anything, good or bad; as, to gain harm and loss. Acts. 27.", "6. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.", "To gratify the queen,and gain the court.", "If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt.18.", "7. To obtain as a suitor.", "8. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor.", "To gain into, to draw or persuade to join in.", "He gained Lepidus into his measures.", "To gain over, to draw to another party or interest; to win over.", "To gain ground, to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent; to increase.", "GAIN, v.i. To have advantage or profit; to grow rich; to advance in interest or happiness.", "Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. 22.", "1. To encroach; to advance on; to come forward by degrees; with on; as, the ocean or river gains on the land.", "2. To advance nearer; to gain ground on; with on; as, a fleet horse gains on his competitor.", "3. To get ground; to prevail against or have the advantage.", "The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself.", "4. To obtain influence with.", "My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor,that I began to conceive hopes of liberty.", "To gain the wind, in sea language, is to arrive on the windward side of another ship.", "GAIN, n. Profit; interest; something obtained as an advantage.", "But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Phil.3.", "1. Unlawful advantage. 2 Cor.12.", "2. Overplus in computation; any thing opposed to loss.", "GAIN, n. In architecture, a beveling shoulder; a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving a timber.", "GAIN, a. Handy; dexterous."], "gained": ["GA'INED, pp. Obtained as profit or advantage; won; drawn over to a party; reached."], "gainful": ["GA'INFUL, a. Producing profit or advantage; profitable; advantageous; advancing interest or happiness.", "1. Lucrative; productive of money; adding to the wealth or estate."], "gainfulness": ["GA'INFULNESS, n. Profit; advantage."], "gainsay": ["GAINSA'Y, v.t. Eng. against. To contradict; to oppose in words; to deny or declare not to be true what another says; to controvert; to dispute; applied to persons, or to propositions, declarations or facts.", "I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke.21."], "gainsaying": ["GAINSA'YING, ppr. Contradicting; denying; opposing."], "gainsayer": ["GAINSA'YER, n. One who contradicts or denies what is alleged; an opposer. Tit.1."], "galatians": ["GALA'TIANS, n. Inhabitants of Galatia, in the Lesser Asia, said to be descendants of the Gauls. See Paul's epistle to them."], "galbanum": ["GAL'BANUM, n. Heb.varied in orthography, from to milk.", "The concrete gummy resinous juice of an umbelliferous plant, called Ferula Africana, &c., and by Linne, Bubon galbanum, which grows in Syria, the East Indies and Ethiopia. This gum comes in pale-colored, semitransparent, soft, tenacious masses,of different shades, from white to brown. It is rather resinous than gummy, and has a strong unpleasant smell, with a bitterish warm taste. It is unctuous to the touch, and softens between the fingers. When distilled with water or spirit, it yields an essential oil,and by distillation in a retort without mixture, it yields an empyreumatic oil of a fine blue color,but this is changed in the air to a purple."], "gale": ["GALE, n. A current of air; a strong wind. The sense of this word is very indefinite. The poets use it in the sense of a moderate breeze of current of air, as a gentle gale. A stronger wind is called a fresh gale.", "In the language of seamen, the word gale,unaccompanied by an epithet, signifies a vehement wind, a storm or tempest. They say, the ship carried away her top-mast in a gale, or gale of wind; the ship rode out the gale. But the word is often qualified, as a hard or strong gale, a violent gale. A current of wind somewhat less violent is denominated a stiff gale. A less vehement wind is called a fresh gale, which is a wind not too strong for a ship to carry single reefed top-sails, when close hauled. When the wind is not so violent but that a ship will carry her top-sails a-trip or full spread, it is called a loom-gale.", "GALE, v.i. In seamen's language, to sail, or sail fast."], "gall": ["GALL, n. Gr. probably from its color.", "1. In the animal economy, the bile, a bitter, a yellowish green fluid, secreted in the glandular substance of the liver. It is glutinous or imperfectly fluid, like oil.", "2. Any thing extremely bitter.", "3. Rancor; malignity.", "4. Anger; bitterness of mind."], "galled": ["GALL'ED, pp. See Gall, the verb. Having the skin or surface worn or torn by wearing or rubbing; fretted; teased;injured; vexed."], "galling": ["GALL'ING, ppr. See Gall, the verb.", "1. Fretting the skin; excoriating.", "2. Adapted to fret or chagrin; vexing."], "gallant": ["GAL'LANT, a. Eng. could; L. gallus, a cock.", "1. Gay; well dressed; showy; splendid; magnificent.", "Neither shall gallant ships pass thereby. Is.33.", "The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave.", "This sense is obsolete.", "2. Brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as a gallant youth; a gallant officer.", "3. Fine; noble.", "4. Courtly; civil; polite and attentive to ladies; courteous."], "gallantly": ["GAL'LANTLY, adv. Gaily; splendidly.", "1. Bravely; nobly; heroically; generously; as, to fight gallantly; to defend a place gallantly."], "gallantness": ["GAL'LANTNESS, n. Elegance or completeness of an acquired qualification."], "gallery": ["GAL'LERY,n.", "1. In architecture, a covered part of a building, commonly in the wings, used as an ambulatory or place for walking.", "2. An ornamental walk or apartment in gardens, formed by trees.", "3. In churches, a floor elevated on columns and furnished with pews or seats; usually ranged on three sides of the edifice. A similar structure in a play-house.", "4. In fortification, a covered walk across the ditch of a town, made of beams covered with planks and loaded with earth.", "5. In a mine, a narrow passage or branch of the mine carried under ground to a work designed to be blown up.", "6. In a ship, a frame like a balcony projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship of war or of a large merchantman. That part at the stern, is called the stern-gallery; that at the quarters,the quarter-gallery."], "galley": ["GAL'LEY, n. plu. galleys. L. galea. The Latin word signifies a helmet,the top of a mast, and a galley; and the name of this vessel seems to have been derived from the head-piece, or kind of basket-work, at mast-head.", "1. A low flat-built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and oars; used in the Mediterranean. The largest sort of galleys, employed by the Venetians, are 162 feet in length, or 133 feet keel. They have three masts and thirty two banks of oars; each bank containing two oars, and each oar managed by six or seven slaves. In the fore-part they carry three small batteries of cannon.", "2. A place of toil and misery.", "3. An open boat used on the Thames by custom-house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure.", "4. The cook room or kitchen of a ship of war; answering to the caboose of a merchantman.", "5. An oblong reverberatory furnace, with a row of retorts whose necks protrude through lateral openings."], "gallow": ["GAL'LOW, v.t. To fright or terrify."], "gallows": ["GAL'LOWS, n. singular. Gallows is in the singular number and should be preceded by a, a gallows. The plural is gallowses.", "1. An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are executed by hanging. It consists of two posts and a cross beam on the top, to which the criminal is suspended by a rope fastened round his neck.", "2. A wretch that deserves the gallows. Not used."], "gap": ["GAP, n. See Gape and Gab.", "1. An opening in any thing made by breaking or parting; as a gap in a fence or wall.", "2. A breach.", "Manifold miseries ensued by the opening of that gap to all that side of christendom.", "3. Any avenue or passage; way of entrance or departure.", "4. A breach; a defect; a flaw; as a gap in honor or reputation.", "5. An interstice; a vacuity.", "A third can fill the gap with laughing.", "6. A hiatus; a chasm; as a gap between words.", "To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.", "To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger. Ezek. 22."], "gape": ["G`APE, v.i.", "1. To open the mouth wide, from sleepiness, drowsiness or dullness; to yawn.", "2. To open the mouth for food, as young birds.", "3. To gape for or after, to desire earnestly; to crave; to look and long for; as, men often gape after court favor.", "The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes.", "To gape at, in a like sense, is hardly correct.", "4. To open in fissures or crevices; as a gaping rock.", "May that ground gape, and swallow me alive.", "5. To have a hiatus; as one vowel gaping on another.", "6. To open the mouth in wonder or surprise; as the gaping fool; the gaping crowd.", "7. To utter sound with open throat.", "8. To open the mouth with hope or expectation.", "9. To open the mouth with a desire to injure or devour.", "They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job.16."], "gaping": ["G`APING, ppr. Opening the mouth wide from sleepiness, dullness, wonder or admiration; yawning; opening in fissures; craving."], "garden": ["G`ARDEN, n. Eng. yard, an inclosed place; L. hortus.", "1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cultivation of herbs, or plants, fruits and flowers; usually near a mansion-house. Land appropriated to the raising of culinary herbs and roots for domestic use, is called a kitchen-garden; that appropriated to flowers and shrubs is called a flower garden; and that to fruits, is called a fruit garden. But these uses are sometimes blended.", "2. A rich, well cultivated spot or tract of country; a delightful spot. The intervals on the river Connecticut are all a garden. Lombardy is the garden of Italy.", "Garden, in composition, is used adjectively, as garden-mold, a rich fine mold or soil; garden-tillage,the tillage used in cultivating gardens.", "G`ARDEN, v.i. To layout and to cultivate a garden; to prepare ground to plant and till it, for the purpose of producing plants, shrubs, flowers and fruits."], "gardener": ["G`ARDENER, n. One whose occupation is to make, tend and dress a garden."], "gardening": ["G`ARDENING, ppr. Cultivating or tilling a garden.", "G`ARDENING, n. The act of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture."], "garland": ["G`ARLAND, n. L. gyrus. It seems to denote something round or twisted, for in Spanish it is used for a wreath or cordage or puddening.", "1. A wreath or chaplet made of branches, flowers, fethers and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown.", "2. A ornament of flowers, fruits and leaves intermixed, anciently used at the gates of temples where feasts and solemn rejoicings were held.", "3. The top; the principal thing, or thing most prized.", "4. A collection of little printed pieces.", "5. In ships, a sort of net used by sailors instead of a locker or cupboard.", "G`ARLAND, v.t. To deck with a garland."], "garment": ["G`ARMENT, n. Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, &c. Garments, in the plural, denotes clothing in general; dress.", "No man putteth a piece of new cloth to an old garment. Matt.9."], "garner": ["G`ARNER, n. A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.", "G`ARNER, v.t. To store in a granary."], "garnish": ["G`ARNISH, v.t.", "1. To adorn; to decorate with appendages; to set off.", "All within with flowers was garnished.", "2. To fit with fetters; a cant term.", "3. To furnish; to supply; as a fort garnished with troops.", "4. In law, to warn; to give notice. See Garnishee.", "G`ARNISH, n. Ornament; something added for embellishment; decoration.", "Matter and figure they produce;", "For garnish this, and that for use.", "1. In jails, fetters; a cant term.", "2. Pensiuncula carceraria; a fee; an acknowledgment in money when first a prisoner goes to jail."], "garnished": ["G`ARNISHED, pp. Adorned; decorated; embellished.", "1. Furnished.", "2. Warned; notified."], "garnishing": ["G`ARNISHING, ppr. Adorning; decorating; warning."], "garnishment": ["G`ARNISHMENT, n. Ornament; embellishment.", "1. Warning; legal notice to the agent or attorney of an absconding debtor.", "2. A fee."], "garrison": ["GAR'RISON, n. English, garnish; warren, and from this root we have warrant and guaranty, as well as guard and regard, all from one source.", "1. A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town, to defend it against an enemy, or to keep the inhabitants in subjection.", "2. A fort, castle or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend it.", "3. The state of being placed in a fortification for its defense; as troops laid in garrison.", "GAR'RISON, v.t. To place troops in a fortress for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town.", "1. To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory."], "gat": ["GAT, pret. of get."], "gate": ["GATE, n.", "1. A large door which gives entrance into a walled city, a castle, a temple, palace or other large edifice. It differs from door chiefly in being larger. Gate signifies both the opening or passage, and the frame of boards, planks or timber which closes the passage.", "2. A frame of timber which opens or closes a passage into any court, garden or other inclosed ground; also, the passage.", "3. The frame which shuts or stops the passage of water through a dam into a flume.", "4. An avenue; an opening; a way.", "In scripture, figuratively, power, dominion. \"Thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;\" that is, towns and fortresses. Gen.22.", "The gates of hell, are the power and dominion of the devil and his instruments. Matt.16.", "The gates of death, are the brink of the grave. Ps.9."], "gated": ["GA'TED, a. Having gates."], "gather": ["GATH'ER, v.t.", "1. To bring together; to collect a number of separate things into one place or into one aggregate body.", "Gather stones; and they took stones,and made a heap. Gen.31.", "2. To get in harvest; to reap or cut and bring into barns or stores. Levit. 25.20.", "3. To pick up; to glean; to get in small parcels and bring together.", "Gather out the stones. Is.62.", "He must gather up money by degrees.", "4. To pluck; to collect by cropping, picking or plucking.", "Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Matt.7.", "5. To assemble; to congregate; to bring persons into one place. Ezek. 22.19.", "6. To collect in abundance; to accumulate; to amass.", "I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings. Eccles.2.", "7. To select and take; to separate from others and bring together.", "Save us, O Lord our God, and gather us from among the heathen. Ps.106.", "8. To sweep together.", "The kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast into the sea, and gathered of every kind. Matt.13.", "9. To bring into one body or interest.", "Yet will I gather others to him. Is.56.", "10. To draw together from a state of expansion or diffusion; to contract.", "Gathering his flowing robe he seemed to stand,", "In act to speak, and graceful stretch'd his hand.", "11. To gain.", "He gathers ground upon her in the chase.", "12. To pucker; to plait.", "13. To deduce by inference; to collect or learn by reasoning. From what I hear I gather that he was present.", "After he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us to preach the gospel to them. Acts.16.", "14. To coil as a serpent.", "To gather breath, to have respite.", "GATH'ER, v.i. To collect; to unite; to increase; to be condensed. The clouds gather in the west.", "1. To increase; to grow larger by accretion of like matter.", "Their snow ball did not gather as it went.", "2. To assemble. The people gather fast.", "3. To generate pus or matter. See Gathering."], "gatherable": ["GATH'ERABLE, a. That may be collected; that may be deduced. Unusual."], "gathered": ["GATH'ERED, pp. Collected; assembled; contracted; plaited; drawn by inference."], "gatherer": ["GATH'ERER, n. One who gathers or collects; one who gets in a crop."], "gathering": ["GATH'ERING, ppr. Collecting; assembling; drawing together; plaiting; wrinkling.", "GATH'ERING, n. The act of collecting or assembling.", "1. Collection; a crowd; an assembly.", "2. Charitable contribution. 1 Cor.16.", "3. A tumor suppurated or maturated; a collection of pus; an abscess."], "gathers": ["GATH'ERS, n. Plaits; folds; puckers; wrinkles in cloth."], "gave": ["GAVE, pret. of give."], "gay": ["GAY, a.", "1. Merry; airy; jovial; sportive; frolicksome. It denotes more life and animation than cheerful.", "Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.", "2. Fine; showy; as a gay dress.", "3. Inflamed or merry with liquor; intoxicated; a vulgar use of the word in America.", "GAY, n. An ornament. Not used."], "gaze": ["GAZE, v.i. Gr. to be astonished, and Heb. to see or look, that is, to fix the eye or to reach with the eye.", "To fix the eyes and look steadily and earnestly; to look with eagerness or curiosity; as in admiration, astonishment, or in study.", "A lover's eyes will gaze an eagle blind.", "Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into", "heaven? Acts.1.", "GAZE, v.t. To view with fixed attention.", "And gazed awhile the ample sky.", "It is little used as a transitive verb.", "GAZE, n. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder or admiration; a continued look of attention.", "With secret gaze,", "Or open admiration, him behold--", "1. The object gazed on; that which causes one to gaze.", "Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze."], "gazeful": ["GA'ZEFUL, a. Looking with a gaze; looking intently."], "gazing": ["GA'ZING, ppr. See Gaze Looking with fixed attention."], "gazer": ["GA'ZER, n. One who gazes; one who looks steadily and intently, from delight, admiration or study."], "gazingstock": ["GA'ZINGSTOCK, n. A person gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt."], "gender": ["GEN'DER, n. L. genus, from geno, gigno; Gr.to beget, or to be born; Eng. kind. Gr. a woman, a wife; Sans. gena, a wife, and genaga, a father. We have begin from the same root. See Begin and Can.", "1. Properly, kind; sort.", "2. A sex, male or female. Hence,", "3. In grammar, a difference in words to express distinction of sex; usually a difference of termination in nouns, adjectives and participles, to express the distinction of male and female. But although this was the original design of different terminations, yet in the progress of language, other words having no relation to one sex or the other, came to have genders assigned them by custom. Words expressing males are said to be of the masculine gender; those expressing females, of the feminine gender; and in some languages, words expressing things having no sex, are of the neuter or neither gender.", "GEN'DER, v.t. To beget; but engender is more generally used.", "GEN'DER, v.i. To copulate; to breed. Levit. 19."], "genealogical": ["GENEALOG'ICAL, a. from genealogy.", "1. Pertaining to the descent of persons or families; exhibiting the succession of families from a progenitor; as a genealogical table.", "2. According to the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; as genealogical order."], "genealogize": ["GENEAL'OGIZE, v.i. To relate the history of descents."], "genealogy": ["GENEAL'OGY, n. L. genealogia; Gr. race, and discourse; Eng. kind.", "1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession.", "2. Pedigree; lineage; regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor."], "generable": ["GEN'ERABLE, a. That may be engendered, begotten or produced."], "general": ["GEN'ERAL, a. L. generalis, from genus, a kind.", "1. Properly, relating to a whole genus or kind; and hence, relating to a whole class or order. Thus we speak of a general law of the animal or vegetable economy. This word, though from genus, kind, is used to express whatever is common to an order, class, kind, sort or species, or to any company or association of individuals.", "2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; as, it is not logical to draw a general inference or conclusion from a particular fact.", "3. Lax in signification; not restrained or limited to a particular import; not specific; as a loose and general expression.", "4. Public; common; relating to or comprehending the whole community; as the general interest or safety of a nation.", "5. Common to many or the greatest number; as a general opinion; a general custom.", "6. Not directed to a single object.", "If the same thing be peculiarly evil, that general aversion will be turned into a particular hatred against it.", "7. Having a relation to all; common to the whole. Adam, our general sire.", "8. Extensive, though not universal; common; usual.", "This word is prefixed or annexed to words, to express the extent of their application. Thus a general assembly is an assembly of a whole body, in fact or by representation. In Scotland, it is the whole church convened by its representatives. In America, a legislature is sometimes called a general assembly.", "In logic, a general term is a term which is the sign of a general idea.", "An attorney general, and a solicitor general, is an officer who conducts suits and prosecutions for the king or for a nation or state, and whose authority is general in the state or kingdom.", "A vicar general has authority as vicar or substitute over a whole territory or jurisdiction.", "An adjutant general assists the general of an army, distributes orders, receives returns, &c.", "The word general thus annexed to a name of office, denotes chief or superior; as a commissary general, quarter-master general.", "In the line, a general officer is one who commands an army, a division or a brigade.", "GEN'ERAL, n. The whole; the total; that which comprehends all or the chief part; opposed to particular.", "In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals.", "A history painter paints man in general.", "1. In general, in the main; for the most part; not always or universally.", "I have shown that he excels, in general,under each of these heads.", "2. The chief commander of an army. But to distinguish this officer from other generals, he is often called general in chief. The officer second in rank is called lieutenant general.", "3. The commander of a division of an army or militia, usually called a major general.", "4. The commander of a brigade, called a brigadier general.", "5. A particular beat of drum or march, being that which, in the morning, gives notice for the infantry to be in readiness to march.", "6. The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations established under the same rule.", "7. The public; the interest of the whole; the vulgar. Not in use."], "generality": ["GENERAL'ITY, n.", "1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars.", "2. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as the generality of a nation or of mankind."], "generalization": ["GENERALIZA'TION, n. The act of extending from particulars to generals; the act of making general."], "generalize": ["GEN'ERALIZE, v.t. To extend from particulars or species to genera, or to whole kinds or classes; to make general, or common to a number.", "Copernicus generalized the celestial motions, by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more, by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air.", "1. To reduce to a genus."], "generally": ["GEN'ERALLY, adv. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently, but not without exceptions. A hot summer generally follows a cold winter. Men are generally more disposed to censure than to praise,as they generally suppose it easier to depress excellence in others than to equal or surpass it by elevating themselves.", "1. In the main; without detail; in the whole taken together.", "Generally speaking, they live very quietly."], "generalness": ["GEN'ERALNESS, n. Wide extent, though short of universality; frequency; commonness."], "generant": ["GEN'ERANT, n. L. generans. The power that generates; the power or principle that produces."], "generate": ["GEN'ERATE, v.t. L. genero. See Gender.", "1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce a being similar to the parent. Every animal generates his own species.", "2. To produce; to cause to be; to bring into life; as great whales which the waters generated.", "3. To cause; to produce; to form.", "Sounds are generated where there is no air at all.", "Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle, must likewise generate milk.", "In music, any given sound generates with itself its octave and two other sounds extremely sharp, viz, its twelfth above or the octave of its fifth, and the seventeenth above."], "generated": ["GEN'ERATED, pp. Begotten; engendered; procreated; produced; formed."], "generating": ["GEN'ERATING, ppr. Begetting; procreating; producing; forming."], "generation": ["GENERA'TION, n. The act of begetting; procreation, as of animals.", "1. Production; formation; as the generation of sounds or of curves or equations.", "2. A single succession in natural descent, as the children of the same parents; hence, an age. Thus we say, the third, the fourth, or the tenth generation. Gen.15.16.", "3. The people of the same period, or living at the same time.", "O faithless and perverse generation. Luke 9.", "4. Genealogy; a series of children or descendants from the same stock.", "This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen.5.", "5. A family; a race.", "6. Progeny; offspring."], "generative": ["GEN'ERATIVE, a. Having the power of generating or propagating its own species.", "1. Having the power of producing.", "2. Prolific."], "generator": ["GEN'ERATOR, n. He or that which begets, causes or produces.", "1. In music, the principal sound or sounds by which others are produced. Thus the lowest C for the treble of the harpsichord, besides its octave, will strike an attentive ear with its twelfth above, or G in alt., and with its seventeenth above, or E in alt. Hence C is called their generator, the G and E its products or harmonics.", "2. A vessel in which steam is generated."], "generical": ["GENER'ICAL, a. L. genus. Pertaining to a genus or kind; comprehending the genus, as distinct from species,or from another genus. A generic description is a description of a genus; a generic difference is a difference in genus; a generic name is the denomination which comprehends all the species, as of animals, plants or fossils, which have certain essential and peculiar characters in common. Thus Canis is the generic name of animals of the dog kind; Felis, of the cat kind; Cervus, of the deer kind."], "generically": ["GENER'ICALLY, adv. With regard to genus; as an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals generically allied."], "generous": ["GEN'EROUS, a. L. generosus. See Gender.", "1. Primarily, being of honorable birth or origin; hence, noble; honorable; magnanimous; applied to persons; as a generous foe; a generous critic.", "2. Noble; honorable; applied to things; as a generous virtue; generous boldness. It is used also to denote like qualities in irrational animals; as a generous pack of hounds.", "3. Liberal; bountiful; munificent; free to give; as a generous friend; a generous father.", "4. Strong; full of spirit; as generous wine.", "5. Full; overflowing; abundant; as a generous cup; a generous table.", "6. Sprightly; courageous; as a generous steed."], "generously": ["GEN'EROUSLY, adv. Honorable; not meanly.", "1. Nobly; magnanimously.", "2. Liberally; munificently."], "generousness": ["GEN'EROUSNESS, n. The quality of being generous; magnanimity; nobleness of mind.", "1. Liberality; munificence; generosity."], "gentil": ["GEN'TIL, n. A species of falcon or hawk."], "gentile": ["GEN'TILE, n. L. gentilis; from L. gens, nation, race; applied to pagans.", "In the scriptures, a pagan; a worshipper of false gods; any person not a Jew or a christian; a heathen. The Hebrews included in the term goim or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith,and were not circumcised. The christians translated goim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were not Jews nor christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.", "GEN'TILE, a. Pertaining to pagans or heathens."], "gentilism": ["GEN'TILISM, n. Heathenism; paganism; the worship of false gods."], "gentility": ["GENTIL'ITY, n.", "1. Politeness of manners; easy, graceful behavior; the manners of well bred people; genteelness.", "2. Good extraction; dignity of birth.", "3. Gracefulness of mien.", "4. Gentry. Not in use.", "5. Paganism; heathenism. Not in use."], "gentilize": ["GEN'TILIZE, v.i. To live like a heathen."], "gentle": ["GEN'TLE, a. See Genteel. Well born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble; as the studies of noble and gentle youth; gentle blood.", "1. Mild; meek; soft; bland; not rough, harsh or severe; as a gentle nature, temper or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice. 1 Thess. 27. 2 Tim.2.", "2. Tame; peaceable; not wild, turbulent or refractory; as a gentle horse or beast.", "3. Soothing; pacific.", "4. Treating with mildness; not violent.", "A gentle hand may lead the elephant with a hair.", "GEN'TLE, n. A gentleman.", "1. A kind of worm.", "GEN'TLE, v.t. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar."], "gentleness": ["GEN'TLENESS, n. See Gentle. Dignity of birth. Little used.", "1. Genteel behavior.", "2. Softness of manners; mildness of temper; sweetness of disposition; meekness.", "The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith. Gal.5.", "3. Kindness; benevolence.", "4. Tenderness; mild treatment."], "gently": ["GEN'TLY, adv. Softly; meekly; mildly; with tenderness.", "My mistress gently chides the fault I made.", "1. Without violence, roughness or asperity."], "get": ["GET, v.t. pret. got. gat, obs. pp. got, gotten.", "1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of, by almost any means. We get favor by kindness; we get wealth by industry and economy; we get land by purchase; we get praise by good conduct; and we get blame by doing injustice. The merchant should get a profit on his goods; the laborer should get a due reward for his labor; most men get what they can for their goods or for their services. Get differs from acquire, as it does not always express permanence of possession, which is the appropriate sense of acquire. We get a book or a loaf of bread by borrowing, we do not acquire it; but we get or acquire an estate.", "2. To have.", "Thou hast got the face of a man.", "This is a most common, but gross abuse of this word. We constantly hear it said, I have got no corn, I have got no money, she has got a fair complexion, when the person means only, I have no corn, I have no money, she has a fair complexion.", "3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.", "4. To learn; as, to get a lesson.", "5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.", "Though the king could not get him to engage in a life of business. This is not elegant.", "6. To procure to be. We could not get the work done. Not elegant.", "To get off, to put off; to take or pull off; as, to get off a garment: also,to remove; as, to get off a ship from shoals.", "To sell; to dispose of; as, to get off goods.", "To get on, to put on; to draw or pull on; as, to get on a coat; to get on boots.", "To get in, to collect and shelter; to bring under cover; as, to get in corn.", "To get out, to draw forth; as, to get out a secret.", "To draw out; to disengage.", "To get the day, to win; to conquer; to gain the victory.", "To get together, to collect; to amass.", "To get over, to surmount; to conquer; to pass without being obstructed; as, to get over difficulties: also, to recover; as, to get over sickness.", "To get above, to surmount; to surpass.", "To get up, to prepare and introduce upon the stage; to bring forward.", "With a pronoun following, it signifies to betake; to remove; to go; as, get you to bed; get thee out of the land. But this mode of expression can hardly be deemed elegant.", "GET, v.i. To arrive at any place or state; followed by some modifying word,and sometimes implying difficulty or labor; as,", "To get away or away from, to depart; to quit; to leave; or to disengage one's self from.", "To get among, to arrive in the midst of; to become one of a number.", "To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward.", "To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag.", "To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return.", "To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment.", "To get down, to descend; to come from an elevation.", "To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling.", "To get in or into, to arrive within an inclosure, or a mixed body; to pass in; to insinuate one's self.", "To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement.", "To get off, to escape; to depart; to get clear; also, to alight; to descend from.", "To get out, to depart from an inclosed place or from confinement; to escape; to free one's self from embarrassment.", "To get along, to proceed; to advance.", "To get rid of, to disengage one's self from; also, to shift off; to remove.", "To get together, to meet; to assemble; to convene.", "To get up, to arise; to rise from a bed or a seat; also, to ascend; to climb.", "To get through, to pass through and reach a point beyond any thing; also, to finish; to accomplish.", "To get quit of, to get rid of; to shift off, or to disengage one's self from.", "To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth.", "To get near, to approach within a small distance.", "To get ahead, to advance; to prosper.", "To get on, to proceed; to advance.", "To get a mile or other distance, to pass over it in traveling.", "To get at, to reach; to make way to.", "To get asleep, to fall asleep.", "To get drunk, to become intoxicated.", "To get between, to arrive between.", "To get to, to reach; to arrive."], "getting": ["GET'TING, ppr. Obtaining; procuring; gaining; winning; begetting.", "GET'TING, n. The act of obtaining, gaining or acquiring; acquisition.", "Get wisdom; and with all thy getting, get", "understanding. Prov.4.", "1. Gain; profit."], "ghost": ["GHOST, n. See Ghastly.", "1. Spirit; the soul of man.", "In this sense seldom used. But hence,", "2. The soul of a deceased person; the soul or spirit separate from the body; an apparition.", "The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose.", "To give up the ghost, is to die; to yield up the breath or spirit; to expire.", "The Holy Ghost, is the third person in the adorable Trinity.", "GHOST, v.i. To die; to expire.", "GHOST, v.t. To haunt with an apparition."], "giant": ["GI'ANT, n. L. gigas; Gr. probably from the earth. The word originally signified earth-born, terrigena. The ancients believed the first inhabitants of the earth to be produced from the ground and to be of enormous size.", "1. A man of extraordinary bulk and stature.", "Giants of mighty bone, and bold emprise.", "2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. The judge is a giant in his profession.", "Giants-causey, a vast collection of basaltic pillars in the county of Antrim, in Ireland.", "GI'ANT, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size or strength; as giant brothers; a giant son."], "gift": ["GIFT, n. from give. A present; any thing given or bestowed; any thing, the property of which is voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a donation. It is applicable to any thing movable or immovable.", "1. The act of giving or conferring.", "2. The right or power of giving or bestowing. The prince has the gift of many lucrative offices.", "3. An offering or oblation.", "If thou bring thy gift to the altar. Matt.5.", "4. A reward.", "Let thy gifts be to thyself. Dan.5.", "5. A bribe; any thing given to corrupt the judgment.", "Neither take a gift; for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise. Deut.16.", "6. Power; faculty; some quality or endowment conferred by the author of our nature; as the gift of wit; the gift of ridicule.", "GIFT, v.t. To endow with any power or faculty."], "gifted": ["GIFT'ED, pp. or a. Endowed by nature with any power or faculty; furnished with any particular talent."], "gifting": ["GIFT'ING, ppr. Endowing with any power or faculty."], "gin": ["GIN, n. A contraction of Geneva, a distilled spirit. See Geneva.", "GIN, n. A contraction of engine. A machine or instrument by which the mechanical powers are employed in aid of human strength. The word is applied to various engines, as a machine for driving piles, another for raising weights, &c., and a machine for separating the seeds from cotton, invented by E.Whitney, is called a cotton-gin. It is also the name given to an engine of torture, and to a pump moved by rotary sails.", "1. A trap; a snare.", "GIN, v.t. To clear cotton of its seeds by a machine which separates them with expedition.", "1. To catch in a trap.", "GIN, v.i. To begin."], "gird": ["GIRD, n. gurd. Eng. a yard.", "1. A twitch or pang; a sudden spasm, which resembles the stroke of a rod or the pressure of a band.", "2. In popular language, a severe stroke of a stick or whip.", "GIRD, v.t. gurd. pret. and pp. girded or girt.", "1. To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as with a twig, a cord, bandage or cloth; as, to gird the loins with sackcloth.", "2. To make fast by binding; to put on; usually with on; as, to gird on a harness; to gird on a sword.", "3. To invest; to surround.", "The Son appeared,", "Girt with omnipotence.", "4. To clothe; to dress; to habit.", "I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezek. 16.", "5. To furnish; to equip.", "Girded with snaky wiles.", "6. To surround; to encircle; to inclose; to encompass.", "The Nyseian isle,", "Girt with the river Triton.", "7. To gibe; to reproach severly; to lash.", "GIRD, v.i. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.", "Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me."], "girded": ["GIRD'ED, pp. Bound; surrounded; invested; put on."], "girding": ["GIRD'ING, ppr. Binding; surrounding; investing.", "GIRD'ING, n. A covering. Is.3."], "girdle": ["GIRD'LE, n.", "1. A band or belt; something drawn round the waist of a person, and tied or buckled; as a girdle of fine lines; a leathern girdle.", "2. Inclosure; circumference.", "3. The zodiac.", "4. A round iron plate for baking.", "5. Among jewelers,the line which encompasses the stone, parallel to the horizon.", "GIRD'LE, v.t. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird.", "1. To inclose; to enrivon; to shut in.", "2. In America, to make a circular incision, like a belt, through the bark and alburnum of a tree to kill it."], "girl": ["GIRL, n. gerl. Low L. gerula, a young woman employed in tending children and carrying them about, from gero, to carry; a word probably received from the Romans while in England.", "1. A female child, or young woman. In familiar language, any young unmarried woman.", "2. Among sportsmen, a roebuck of two years old."], "girt": ["GIRT, pret. and pp. of gird.", "GIRT, v.t. To gird; to surround.", "This verb, if derived from the noun, girt, may be proper.", "GIRT"], "give": ["GIVE, v.t. pret. gave; pp. given. Heb. to give. The sense of give is generally to pass, or to transfer, that is, to send or throw.", "1. To bestow; to confer; to pass or transfer the title or property of a thing to another person without an equivalent or compensation.", "For generous lords had rather give than pay.", "2. To transmit from himself to another by hand, speech or writing; to deliver.", "The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. Gen.3.", "3. To import; to bestow.", "Give us of your oil, for our lamps are gone out. Matt.25.", "4. To communicate; as, to give an opinion; to give counsel or advice; to give notice.", "5. To pass or deliver the property of a thing to another for an equivalent; to pay. We give the full value of all we purchase. A dollar is given for a day's labor.", "What shall a man give in exchange for this soul? Matt.16.", "6. To yield; to lend; in the phrase to give ear, which signifies to listen; to hear.", "7. To quit;in the phrase to give place, which signifies to", "withdraw, or retire to make room for another.", "8. To confer; to grant.", "What wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless? Gen 15.", "9. To expose; to yield to the power of.", "Give to the wanton winds their flowing hair.", "10. To grant; to allow; to permit.", "It is given me once again to behold my friend.", "11. To afford; to supply; to furnish.", "Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings. Ex.10.", "12. To empower; to license; to commission.", "Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.", "But this and similar phrases are probably elliptical; give for give power or license. So in the phrases,give me to understand, give me to know, give the flowers to blow, that is, to give power, to enable.", "13. To pay or render; as, to give praise, applause or approbation.", "14. To render; to pronounce; as, to give sentence or judgment; to give the word of command.", "15. To utter; to vent; as, to give a shout.", "16. To produce; to show; to exhibit as a product or result; as, the number of men divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship.", "17. To cause to exist; to excite in another; as, to give offense or umbrage; to give pleasure.", "18. To send forth; to emit; as, a stone gives sparks with steel.", "19. To addict; to apply; to devote one's self, followed by the reciprocal pronoun. The soldiers give themselves to plunder. The passive participle is much used in this sense; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.", "Give thyself wholly to them. 1 Tim.4.", "20. To resign; to yield up; often followed by up.", "Who say, I care not, those I give for lost.", "21. To pledge; as, I give my word that the debt shall be paid.", "22. To present for taking or acceptance; as, I give you my hand.", "23. To allow or admit by way of supposition.", "To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing; to make over to another; to transfer.", "Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses, during our lives, is given away from ourselves.", "To give back, to return; to restore.", "To give forth, to publish; to tell; to report publicly.", "To give the hand, to yield preeminence, as being subordinate or inferior.", "To give in, to allow by way of abatement or deduction from a claim; to yield what may be justly demanded.", "To give over, to leave; to quit; to cease; to abandon; as, to give over a pursuit.", "1. To addict; to attach to; to abandon.", "When the Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice.", "2. To despair of recovery; to believe to be lost, or past recovery. The physician had given over the patient, or given the patient over.", "3. To abandon.", "To give out, to utter publicly; to report; to proclaim; to publish. It was given out that parliament would assemble in November.", "1. To issue; to send forth; to publish.", "The night was distinguished by the orders which he gave out to his army.", "2. To show; to exhibit in false appearance.", "3. To send out; to emit; as, a substance gives out steam or odors.", "To give up, to resign; to quit; to yield as hopeless; as, to give up a cause; to give up the argument.", "1. To surrender; as, to give up a fortress to an enemy.", "2. To relinquish, to cede. In this treaty the Spaniards gave up Louisiana.", "3. To abandon; as, to give up all hope. They are given up to believe a lie.", "4. To deliver.", "And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people to the king. 2 Sam. 24.", "To give one's self up, to despair of one's recovery; to conclude to be lost.", "1. To resign or devote.", "Let us give ourselves wholly up to Christ in heart and desire.", "2. To addict; to abandon. He gave himself up to intemperance.", "To give way, to yield; to withdraw to make room for. Inferiors should give way to superiors.", "1. To fail; to yield or force; to break or fall. The ice gave way and the horses were drowned. The scaffolding gave way. The wheels or axletree gave way.", "2. To recede; to make room for.", "3. In seamen's language, give way is an order to a boat's crew to row after ceasing, or to increase their exertions.", "GIVE, v.i. giv. To yield to pressure. The earth gives under the feet.", "1. To begin to melt; to thaw; to grow soft, so as to yield to pressure.", "2. To move; to recede.", "Now back he gives,then rushes on amain.", "To give in, to be back; to give way. Not in use.", "To give into, to yield assent; to adopt.", "This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those general phrases.", "To give off, to cease; to forbear. Little used.", "To give on, to rush; to fall on. Not in use.", "To give out, to publish; to proclaim.", "1. To cease from exertion; to yield; applied to persons. He labored hard, but gave out at last.", "To give over, to cease; to act no more; to desert.", "It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame."], "gives": ["GIVES, n. plu. Fetters or shackles for the feet. See Gyves."], "giving": ["GIV'ING, ppr. Bestowing; conferring; imparting; granting; delivering.", "GIV'ING,n. The act of conferring.", "1. An alleging of what is not real."], "given": ["GIV'EN, pp. giv'n. Bestowed; granted; conferred; imparted; admitted or supposed."], "giver": ["GIV'ER, n. One who gives a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.", "It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the christian."], "glad": ["GLAD, a. L. loetus, without a prefix.", "1. Pleased; affected with pleasure or moderate joy; moderately happy.", "A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov.10.", "It is usually followed by of. I am glad of an opportunity to oblige my friend.", "It is sometimes followed by at.", "He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Prov.17.", "It is sometimes followed by with.", "The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood--", "With, after glad, is unusual, and in this passage at would have been preferable.", "2. Cheerful; joyous.", "They blessed the king, and went to their tents, joyful and glad of heart. 1 Kings 8.", "3. Cheerful; wearing the appearance of joy; as a glad countenance.", "4. Wearing a gay appearance; showy; bright.", "The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad for them. Is.35.", "Glad evening and glad morn crown'd the fourth day.", "5. Pleasing; exhilarating.", "Her conversation", "More glad to me than to a miser money is.", "6. Expressing gladness or joy; exciting joy.", "Hark! a glad voice the lonely desert cheers.", "GLAD, v.t. The pret. and pp. gladed is not used. See Gladden.", "To make glad; to affect with pleasure; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate.", "Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man."], "gladding": ["GLAD'DING, ppr. Making glad; cheering; giving joy."], "gladful": ["GLAD'FUL, a. Full of gladness."], "gladfulness": ["GLAD'FULNESS, n. Joy; gladness."], "gladness": ["GLAD'NESS, n. See Glad. Joy, or a moderate degree of joy and exhilaration; pleasure of mind; cheerfulness.", "They--did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart. Act.2.", "Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses great joy. Esther 8.9."], "gladly": ["GLAD'LY, adv. See Glad. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully.", "The common people heard him gladly. Mark 12."], "glass": ["GL`ASS, n. L. glastum; glesid, blueness. Greenness is usually named from vegetation or growing, as L. viridis, from vireo.", "1. A hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substance, formed by fusing sand with fixed alkalies.", "In chimistry, a substance or mixture, earthy, saline or metallic, brought by fusion to the state of a hard, brittle, transparent mass, whose fracture is conchoidal.", "2. A glass vessel of any kind; as a drinking glass.", "3. A mirror; a looking-glass.", "4. A vessel to be filled with sand for measuring time; as an hour-glass.", "5. The destined time of man's life. His glass is run.", "6. The quantity of liquor that a glass vessel contains. Drink a glass of wine with me.", "7. A vessel that shows the weight of the air.", "8. A perspective glass; as an optic glass.", "9. The time which a glass runs, or in which it is exhausted of sand. The seamen's watch-glass is half an hour. We say, a ship fought three glasses.", "10. Glasses, in the plural, spectacles.", "GL`ASS, a. Made of glass; vitreous; as a glass bottle.", "GL`ASS, v.t. To see as in a glass. Not used.", "1. To case in glass. Little used.", "2. To cover with glass; to glaze.", "In the latter sense, glaze is generally used."], "glean": ["GLEAN, v.t.", "1. To gather the stalks and ears of grain which reapers leave behind them.", "Let me now go to the field, and glean ears of", "corn---Ruth 2.", "2. To collect things thinly scattered; to gather what is left in small parcels or numbers, or what is found in detached parcels; as, to glean a few passages from an author.", "They gleaned of them in the highways five thousand", "men. Judges 20.", "GLEAN, v.i. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.", "And she went, and came and gleaned in the field after the reapers. Ruth 2.", "GLEAN, n. A collection made by gleaning, or by gathering here and there a little.", "The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs."], "gleaned": ["GLE'ANED, pp. Gathered after reapers; collected from small detached parcels; as grain gleaned from the field.", "1. Cleared of what is left; as, the field is gleaned.", "2. Having suffered a gleaning. The public prints have been gleaned."], "gleaning": ["GLE'ANING, ppr. Gathering what reapers leave; collecting in small detached parcels.", "GLE'ANING, n. The act of gathering after reapers.", "1. That which is collected by gleaning."], "glede": ["GLEDE, n. A fowl of the rapacious kind, the kite, a species of Falco. The word is used in Deut.14.13. but the same Hebrew word, Lev.11.14. is rendered a vulture."], "glister": ["GLIS'TER, v.i. See Glisten. To shine; to be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant.", "All that glistens is not gold."], "glistering": ["GLIS'TERING, ppr. Shining; sparkling with light."], "glisteringly": ["GLIS'TERINGLY, adv. With shining luster."], "glitter": ["GLIT'TER, v.i.", "1. To shine; to sparkle with light; to gleam; to be splendid; as a glittering sword.", "The field yet glitters with the pomp of war.", "2. To be showing, specious or striking, and hence attractive; as the glittering scenes of a court.", "GLIT'TER, n. Brightness; brilliancy; splendor; luster; as the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage; the glitter of dress."], "glittering": ["GLIT'TERING, ppr. Shining; splendid; brilliant."], "glitteringly": ["GLIT'TERINGLY, adv. With sparkling luster."], "gloominess": ["GLOOM'INESS, n. Want of light; obscurity; darkness; dismalness.", "1. Want of cheerfulness; cloudiness of look; heaviness of mind; melancholy; as, to involve the mind in gloominess."], "gloomy": ["GLOOM'Y, a. from gloom. Obscure; imperfectly illuminated; or dark; dismal; as the gloomy cells of a convent; the gloomy shades of night.", "1. Wearing the aspect of sorrow; melancholy; clouded; dejected; depressed; heavy of heart; as a gloomy countenance or state of mind; a gloomy temper.", "2. Of a dark complexion. Little used."], "gloried": ["GLO'RIED, a. See Glory. Illustrious; honorable. Not used."], "glory": ["GLO'RY, n. L. gloria; planus; hence, bright, shining. Glory, then, is brightness, splendor. The L. floreo, to blossom, to flower, to flourish, is probably of the same family.", "1. Brightness; luster; splendor.", "The moon, serene in glory, mounts the sky.", "For he received from God the Father honor and glory,when there came such a voice to him from the excellent glory. 2 Pet.1.", "In this passage of Peter, the latter word glory refers to the visible splendor or bright cloud that overshadowed Christ at his transfiguration. The former word glory, though the same in the original, is to be understood in a figurative sense.", "2. Splendor; magnificence.", "Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed like one", "of these. Matt.vi.", "3. The circle of rays surrounding the head of a figure in painting.", "4. Praise ascribed in adoration; honor.", "Glory to God in the highest. Luke 2.", "5. Honor; praise; fame; renown; celebrity. The hero pants for glory in the field. It was the glory of Howard to relieve the wretched.", "6. The felicity of heaven prepared for the children of God; celestial bliss.", "Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel,and afterwards receive me to glory. Ps.73.", "7. In scripture, the divine presence; or the ark, the manifestation of it.", "The glory is departed from Israel. 1 Sam.4.", "8. The divine perfections or excellence.", "The heavens declare the glory of God. Ps.19.", "9. Honorable representation of God. 1 Cor. 11.8.", "10. Distinguished honor or ornament; that which honors or makes renowned; that of which one may boast.", "Babylon, the glory of kingdoms. Is.13.", "11. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance; as vain glory.", "12. Generous pride.", "GLO'RY, v.i. L. glorior, from gloria.", "To exult with joy; to rejoice.", "Glory ye in his holy name. Ps.105. 1 Chron. 16.", "1. To boast; to be proud of.", "No one should glory in his prosperity."], "glorying": ["GLO'RYING, ppr. Exulting with joy; boasting.", "GLO'RYING, n. The act of exulting; exultation; boasting; display of pride.", "Your glorying is not good. 1 Cor.5."], "glorified": ["GLO'RIFIED, pp. Honored; dignified; exalted to glory."], "glorify": ["GLO'RIFY, v.t. L. gloria and facio, to make.", "1. To praise; to magnify and honor in worship; to ascribe honor to, in thought or words. Ps.86.9", "God is glorified, when such his excellency, above all things, is with due admiration acknowledged.", "2. To make glorious; to exalt to glory, or to celestial happiness.", "Whom he justified, them he also glorified. Rom.8.", "The God of our fathers hath glorified his son", "Jesus. Acts.3.", "3. To praise; to honor; to extol.", "Whomsoever they find to be most licentious of life--him they set up and glorify.", "4. To procure honor or praise to."], "glorifying": ["GLO'RIFYING, ppr. Praising; honoring in worship; exalting to glory; honoring; extolling."], "glorious": ["GLO'RIOUS, a. L. gloriosus. See Glory.", "1. Illustrious; of exalted excellence and splendor; resplendent in majesty and divine attributes; applied to God. Ex.15.11.", "2. Noble; excellent; renowned; celebrated; illustrious; very honorable; applied to men,their achievements, titles, &c.", "Let us remember we are Cato's friends,", "And act like men who claim that glorious title.", "3. Boastful; self-exulting; haughty; ostentatious."], "gloriously": ["GLO'RIOUSLY, adv. Splendidly; illustriously; with great renown or dignity.", "Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously. Ex.15."], "glutton": ["GLUT'TON, n. glut'n. Low L. gluto. One who indulges to excess in eating.", "1. One eager of any thing to excess.", "Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy.", "2. In zoology, an animal of the genus Ursus, found in the N. of Europe and Siberia. It grows to the length of three feet,but has short legs and moves slowly. It is a carnivorous animal, and in order to catch its prey, it climbs a tree and from that darts down upon a deer or other animal. It is names from its voracious appetite."], "gluttonize": ["GLUT'TONIZE, v.i. To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to indulge the appetite to excess; to be luxurious."], "gluttonous": ["GLUT'TONOUS, a. Given to excessive eating; indulging the appetite for food to excess; as a gluttonous age.", "1. Consisting in excessive eating; as gluttonous delight."], "gluttonously": ["GLUT'TONOUSLY, adv. With the voracity of a glutton; with excessive eating."], "gnash": ["GNASH, v.t. nash. To strike the teeth together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the teeth in rage.", "GNASH, v.i. nash. To grind the teeth.", "He shall gnash with his teeth and melt away. Ps.112.", "1. To rage even to collision with the teeth; to growl.", "They gnashed on me with their teeth. Ps.35."], "gnashing": ["GNASH'ING, ppr. nash'ing. Striking the teeth together, as in anger, rage or pain.", "GNASH'ING, n. nash'ing. A grinding or striking of the teeth in rage or anguish.", "There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Matt.8."], "gnat": ["GNAT, n. nat. A small insect, or rather a genus of insects, the Culex, whose long cylindric body is composed of eight rings. They have six legs and their mouth is formed by a flexible sheath, inclosing bristles pointed like stings. The sting is a tube containing five or six spicula of exquisite fineness, dentated or edged. The most troublesome of this genus is the musketoe.", "1. Any thing proverbially small.", "Ye blind guides, who strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. Matt.23."], "gnaw": ["GNAW, v.t. naw. Gr. to scrape.", "1. To bite off by little and little; to bite or scrape off with the fore teeth; to wear away by biting. The rats gnaw a board or plank; a worm gnaws the wood of a tree or the plank of a ship.", "2. To eat by biting off small portions of food with the fore teeth.", "3. To bite in agony or rage.", "They gnawed their tongues for pain. Rev.16.", "4. To waste; to fret; to corrode.", "5. To pick with the teeth.", "His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw.", "GNAW, v.i. naw. To use the teeth in biting.", "I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me."], "gnawed": ["GNAW'ED, pp. naw'ed. Bit; corroded."], "gnawing": ["GNAW'ING, ppr. naw'ing. Biting off by little and little; corroding; eating by slow degrees."], "go": ["GO, v.i. pret. went; pp. gone.", "1. In a general sense, to move; to pass; to proceed from one place, state or station to another; opposed to resting. A mill goes by water or by steam; a ship goes at the rate of five knots an hour; a clock goes fast or slow; a horse goes lame; a fowl or a ball goes with velocity through the air.", "The mourners go about the streets. Eccles.12.", "2. To walk; to move on the feet or step by step. The child begins to go alone at a year old.", "You know that love", "Will creep in service where it cannot go.", "3. To walk leisurely; not to run.", "Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will scarce serve the turn.", "4. To travel; to journey by land or water. I must go to Boston. He has gone to Philadelphia. The minister is going to France.", "5. To depart; to move from a place; opposed to come. The mail goes and comes every day, or twice a week.", "I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice. Ex.8.", "6. To proceed; to pass.", "And so the jest goes round.", "7. To move; to pass in any manner or to any end; as, to go to bed; to go to dinner; to go to war.", "8. To move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting custom or practice. The child goes to school. A ship goes regularly to London. We go to church.", "9. To proceed from one state or opinion to another; to change. He goes from one opinion to another. His estate is going to ruin.", "10. To proceed in mental operations; to advance; to penetrate. We can go but a very little way in developing the causes of things.", "11. To proceed or advance in accomplishing an end. This sun will not go far towards full payment of the debt.", "12. To apply; to be applicable. The argument goes to this point only; it goes to prove too much.", "13. To apply one's self.", "Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood.", "14. To have recourse to; as, to go to law.", "15. To be about to do; as, I was going to say. I am going to begin harvest. This use is chiefly confined to the participle.", "16. To pass; to be accounted in value. All this goes for nothing. This coin goes for a crown.", "17. To circulate; to pass in report. The story goes.", "18. To pass; to be received; to be accounted or understood to be.", "And the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 1 Sam.17.", "19. To move, or be in motion; as a machine. See No.1.", "20. To move as fluid; to flow.", "The god I am, whose yellow water flows", "Around these fields, and fattens as it goes,", "Tiber my name.", "21. To have a tendency.", "Against right reason all your counsels go.", "22. To be in compact or partnership.", "They were to go equal shares in the booty.", "23. To be guided or regulated; to proceed by some principle or rule. We are to go by the rules of law, or according to the precepts of scripture.", "We are to go by another measure.", "24. To be pregnant. The females of different animals go some a longer, some a shorter time.", "25. To pass; to be alienated in payment or exchange. If our exports are of less value than our imports, our money must go to pay the balance.", "26. To be loosed or released; to be freed from restraint. Let me go; let go the hand.", "27. To be expended. His estate goes or has gone for spirituous liquors. See No. 24.", "28. To extend; to reach. The line goes from one end to the other. His land goes to the bank of the Hudson.", "29. to extend or lead in any direction. This road goes to Albany.", "30. To proceed; to extend. This argument goes far towards proving the point. It goes a great way towards establishing the innocence of the accused.", "31. To have effect; to extend in effect; to avail; to be of force or value. Money goes farther now than it did during the war.", "32. To extend in meaning or purport.", "His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow.", "In the three last examples, the sense of go depends on far, farther, further.", "33. To have a currency or use, as custom, opinion or manners.", "I think, as the world goes,he was a good sort of man enough.", "34. To contribute; to conduce; to concur; to be an ingredient; with to or into. The substances which go into this composition. Many qualifications go to make up the well bred man.", "35. To proceed; to be carried on. The business goes on well.", "36. To proceed to final issue; to terminate; to succeed.", "Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the reward.", "37. To proceed in a train, or in consequences.", "How goes the night, boy?", "38. To fare; to be in a good or ill state.", "How goes it, comrade?", "39. To have a tendency or effect; to operate.", "These cases go to show that the court will vary the construction of instruments.", "To go about, to set one's self to a business; to attempt; to endeavor.", "They never go about to hide or palliate their vices.", "1. In seamen's language, to tack; to turn the head of a ship.", "To go abroad, to walk out of a house.", "1. To be uttered, disclosed or published.", "To go against, to invade; to march to attack.", "1. To be in opposition; to be disagreeable.", "To go aside, to withdraw; to retire into a private situation.", "1. To err; to deviate from the right way.", "To go astray, to wander; to break from an inclosure; also, to leave the right course; to depart from law or rule; to sin; to transgress.", "To go away, to depart; to go to a distance.", "To go between, to interpose; to mediate; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust differences.", "To go by, to pass near and beyond.", "1. To pass away unnoticed; to omit.", "2. To fine or get in the conclusion.", "In argument with men, a woman ever", "Goes by the worse, whatever be her cause.", "A phrase now little used.", "To go down, to descend in any manner.", "1. To fail; to come to nothing.", "2. To be swallowed or received, not rejected. The doctrine of the divine right of kings will not go down in this period of the world.", "To go forth to issue or depart out of a place.", "To go forward, to advance.", "To go hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue; to have difficulty to escape.", "To go in, to enter.", "To go in to, to have sexual commerce with.", "To go in and out, to do the business of life.", "1. To go freely; to be at liberty. John 10.", "To go off, to depart to a distance; to leave a place or station.", "1. To die; to decease.", "2. To be discharged, as fire arms; to explode.", "To go on, to proceed; to advance forward.", "1. To be put on, as a garment. The coat will not go on.", "To go out, to issue forth; to depart from.", "1. To go on an expedition.", "2. To become extinct, as light or life; to expire. A candle goes out; fire goes out.", "And life itself goes out at thy displeasure.", "3. To become public. This story goes out to the world.", "To go over, to read; to peruse; to study.", "1. To examine; to view or review; as, to go over an account.", "If we go over the laws of christianity--", "2. To think over; to proceed or pass in mental operation.", "3. To change sides; to pass from one party to another.", "4. To revolt.", "5. To pass from one side to the other, as of a river.", "To go through, to pass in a substance; as, to go through water.", "1. To execute; to accomplish; to perform thoroughly; to finish; as, to go through an undertaking.", "2. To suffer; to bear; to undergo; to sustain to the end; as, to go through a long sickness; to go through an operation.", "To go through with, to execute effectually.", "To go under, to be talked of or known, as by a title or name; as, to go under the name of reformers.go up, to ascend; to rise.", "To go upon, to proceed as on a foundation; to take as a principle supposed or settled; as, to go upon a supposition.", "To go with, to accompany; to pass with others.", "1. To side with; to be in party or design with.", "To go ill with, to have ill fortune; not to prosper.", "To go well with, to have good fortune; to prosper.", "To go without, to be or remain destitute.", "Go to, come, move, begin; a phrase of exhortation; also a phrase of scornful exhortation."], "going": ["GO'ING, ppr. from go. Moving; walking; traveling; turning; rolling; flying; sailing, &c.", "GO'ING, n. The act of moving in any manner.", "1. The act of walking.", "2. Departure.", "3. Pregnancy.", "4. Procedure; way; course of life; behavior; deportment; used chiefly in the plural.", "His eyes are on the ways of man, and he seeeth all his goings. Job.34.", "5. Procedure; course of providential agency or government.", "They have seen thy goings, O God; even the goings of my God, my King, in the sanctuary. Ps.68.", "Going out,", "Goings out, In scripture, utmost extremity or limit; the point where an extended body terminates. Num.34.5.9.", "1. Departure or journeying. Num.33."], "goad": ["GOAD,n. A pointed instrument used to stimulate a beast to move faster.", "GOAD, v.t. To prick; to drive with a goad.", "1. To incite; to stimulate; to instigate; to urge forward, or to rouse by any thing pungent, severe, irritating or inflaming. He was goaded by sarcastic remarks or by abuse; goaded by desire or other passion."], "goaded": ["GOADED, pp. Pricked; pushed on by a goad; instigated."], "goading": ["GOADING, ppr. Pricking; driving with a goad; inciting; urging on; rousing."], "goat": ["GOAT, n. An animal or quadruped of the genus Capra. The horns are hollow, turned upwards, erect and scabrous. Goats are nearly of the size of sheep, but stronger, less timid and more agile. They delight to frequent rocks and mountains, and subsist on scanty coarse food. The milk of the goat is sweet, nourishing and medicinal, and the flesh furnishes provisions to the inhabitants of countries where they abound."], "goatskin": ["GOATSKIN, n. The skin of a goat."], "gob": ["GOB, n. Heb. a hill, a boss. A little mass or collection; a mouthful. A low word."], "goblet": ["GOB'LET, n. A kind of cup or drinking vessel without a handle.", "We love not loaded boards, and goblets crown'd."], "god": ["GOD, n.", "1. The Supreme Being; Jehovah; the eternal and infinite spirit, the creator,and the sovereign of the universe.", "God is a spirit; and they that worship him, must worship him in spirit and in truth. John 4.", "2. A false god; a heathen deity; an idol.", "Fear not the gods of the Amorites. Judges 6.", "3. A prince; a ruler; a magistrate or judge; an angel. Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people.", "Ex. 22. Ps.97.", "Gods here is a bad translation.", "4. Any person or thing exalted too much in estimation, or deified and honored as the chief good.", "Whose god is their belly. Phil.3.", "GOD, v.t. To deify. Not used."], "goddess": ["GOD'DESS, n. A female deity; a heathen deity of the female sex.", "When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty.", "1. In the language of love, a woman of superior charms or excellence."], "godhead": ["GOD'HEAD, n. god'hed.", "1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; applied to the true God, and to heathen deities.", "2. A deity in person; a god or goddess."], "godliness": ["GOD'LINESS, n. from godly. Piety; belief in God, and reverence for his character and laws.", "1. A religious life; a careful observance of the laws of God and performance of religious duties, proceeding from love and reverence for the divine character and commands; christian obedience.", "Godliness is profitable unto all things. 1 Tim. 4.", "2. Revelation; the system of christianity.", "Without controversy, great is the mystery of godliness;", "God was manifest in the flesh. l Tim.3."], "godly": ["GOD'LY, a. god-like Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws.", "1. Living in obedience to God's commands, from a principle of love to him and reverence of his character and precepts; religious; righteous; as a godly person.", "2. Pious; conformed to God's law; as a godly life.", "GOD'LY, adv. Piously; righteously.", "All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer", "persecution. 2 Tim.3."], "gog": ["GOG, n. Haste; ardent desire to go."], "gold": ["GOLD, n.", "1. A precious metal of a bright yellow color, and the most ductile and malleable of all the metals. It is the heaviest metal except platina; and being a very dense, fixed substance, and not liable to be injured by air, it is well fitted to be used as coin, or a representative of commodities in commerce. Its ductility and malleability render it the most suitable metal for gilding. It is often found native in solid masses, as in Hungary and Peru; though generally in combination with silver, copper or iron.", "2. Money.", "For me, the gold of France did not seduce--", "3. Something pleasing or valuable; as a heart of gold.", "4. A bright yellow color; as a flower edged with gold.", "5. Riches; wealth.", "Gold of pleasure, a plant of the genus Myagrum.", "GOLD, a. Made of gold; consisting of gold; as a gold chain."], "golding": ["GOLDING, n. A sort of apple."], "golden": ["GOLDEN, a. goldn. Made of gold; consisting of gold.", "1. Bright; shining; splendid; as the golden sun.", "Reclining soft on many a golden cloud.", "2. Yellow; of a gold color; as a golden harvest; golden fruit.", "3. Excellent; most valuable; as the golden rule.", "4. Happy; pure; as the golden age, the age of simplicity and purity of manners.", "5. Preeminently favorable or auspicious.", "Let not slip the golden opportunity.", "Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the year of the moon's cycle.", "Golden rule, in arithmetic, the rule of three or rule of proportion."], "goldsmith": ["GOLDSMITH, n. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments of gold and silver.", "1. A banker; one who manages the pecuniary concerns of others. Goldsmiths were formerly bankers in England, but in America the practice does not exist, nor is the word used in this sense."], "gone": ["GONE, pp. of go; pronounced nearly gawn.", "1. Departed.", "It was told Solomon that Shimei had gone from", "Jerusalem to Gath. 1 Kings.2.", "2. Advanced; forward in progress; with far, farther, or further; as a man far gone in intemperance.", "3. Ruined; undone. Exert yourselves, or we are gone.", "4. Past; as, these happy days are gone; sometimes with by. Those times are gone by.", "5. Lost.", "When her masters saw that the hope of their gains", "were gone---Acts.16.", "6. Departed from life; deceased; dead."], "good": ["GOOD, a.", "1. Valid; legally firm; not weak or defective; having strength adequate to its support; as a good title; a good deed; a good claim.", "2. Valid; sound; not weak, false or fallacious; as a good argument.", "3. Complete or sufficiently perfect in its kind; having the physical qualities best adapted to its design and use; opposed to bad,imperfect, corrupted, impaired. We say, good timber, good cloth, a good soil, a good color.", "And God saw every thing that he had made, and", "behold, it was very good. Gen.1.", "4. Having moral qualities best adapted to its design and use, or the qualities which God's law requires; virtuous; pious; religious; applied to persons, and opposed to bad, vitious, wicked, evil.", "Yet peradventure for a good man some would", "even dare to die. Rom.5.", "5. Conformable to the moral law; virtuous; applied to actions.", "In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works.", "Tit.2.", "6. Proper; fit; convenient; seasonable; well adapted to the end. It was a good time to commence operations. He arrived in good time.", "7. Convenient; useful; expedient; conducive to happiness.", "It is not good that the man should be alone. Gen.2.", "8. Sound; perfect; uncorrupted; undamaged. This fruit will keep good the whole year.", "9. Suitable to the taste or to health; wholesome; salubrious; palatable; not disagreeable or noxious; as fruit good to eat; a tree good for food. Gen.2.", "10. Suited to produce a salutary effect; adapted to abate or cure; medicinal; salutary; beneficial; as, fresh vegetables are good for scorbutic diseases.", "11. Suited to strengthen or assist the healthful functions; as, a little wine is good for a weak stomach.", "12. Pleasant to the taste; as a good apple.", "My son, eat thou honey, because it is good, and the honeycomb, which is sweet to thy taste. Prov.24.", "13. Full; complete.", "The protestant subjects of the abbey make up a good third of its people.", "14. Useful; valuable; having qualities or a tendency to produce a good effect.", "All quality, that is good for any thing,is originally founded on merit.", "15. Equal; adequate; competent. His security is good for the amount of the debt; applied to persons able to fulfill contracts.", "Antonio is a good man.", "16. Favorable; convenient for any purpose; as a good stand for business; a good station for a camp.", "17. Convenient; suitable; safe; as a good harbor for ships.", "18. Well qualified; able; skillful; or performing duties with skill and fidelity; as a good prince; a good commander; a good officer; a good physician.", "19. Ready; dexterous.", "Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else.", "20. Kind; benevolent; affectionate; as a good father; good will.", "21. Kind; affectionate; faithful; as a good friend.", "22. Promotive of happiness; pleasant; agreeable; cheering; gratifying.", "Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity. Ps.133.", "23. Pleasant or prosperous; as, good morrow, Sir; good morning.", "24. Honorable; fair; unblemished; unimpeached; as a man of good fame or report.", "A good name is better than precious ointment.", "Eccles.7.", "25. Cheerful; favorable to happiness. Be of good comfort.", "26. Great or considerable; not small nor very great; as a good while ago; he is a good way off, or at a good distance; he has a good deal of leisure; I had a good share of the trouble. Here we see the primary sense of extending, advancing.", "27. Elegant; polite; as good breeding.", "28. Real; serious; not feigned.", "Love not in good earnest.", "29. Kind; favorable; benevolent; humane.", "The men were very good to us. 1 Sam.25.", "30. Benevolent; merciful; gracious.", "Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are", "of a clean heart. Ps.73.", "31. Seasonable; commendable; proper.", "Why trouble ye the woman, for she hath", "wrought a good work on me. Matt.26.", "32. Pleasant; cheerful; festive.", "We come in a good day. 1 Sam.25.", "33. Companionable; social; merry.", "It is well known, that Sir Roger had been a good fellow in his youth.", "34. Brave; in familiar language. You are a good fellow.", "35. In the phrases, the good man, applied to the master of the house,and good woman, applied to the mistress, good sometimes expresses a moderate degree of respect, and sometimes slight contempt. Among the first settlers of New England, it was used as a title instead of Mr.; as Goodman Jones; Goodman Wells.", "36. The phrase good will is equivalent to benevolence; but it signifies also an earnest desire, a hearty wish, entire willingness or fervent zeal; as, we entered into the service with a good will; he laid on stripes with a good will.", "37. Comely; handsome; well formed; as a good person or shape.", "38. Mild; pleasant; expressing benignity or other estimable qualities; as a good countenance.", "39. Mild; calm; not irritable or fractious; as a good temper.", "40. Kind; friendly; humane; as a good heart or disposition.", "Good advice, wise and prudent counsel.", "Good heed, great care; due caution.", "In good south, in good truth; in reality.", "To make good, to perform; to fulfill; as, to make good one's word or promise; that is to make it entire or unbroken.", "1. To confirm or establish; to prove; to verify; as, to make good a charge or accusation.", "2. To supply deficiency; to make up a defect or loss. I will make good what is wanting.", "3. To indemnify; to give an equivalent for damages. If you suffer loss, I will make it good to you.", "4. To maintain; to carry into effect; as, to make good a retreat.", "To stand good, to be firm or valid. His word or promise stands good.", "To think good, to see good, is to be pleased or satisfied; to think to be expedient.", "If ye think good, give me my price. Zech.11.", "As good as, equally; no better than; the same as. We say, one is as good as dead. Heb.11.", "As good as his word, equaling in fulfillment what was promised; performing to the extent.", "GOOD, n. That which contributes to diminish or remove pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity; benefit; advantage; opposed to evil or misery. The medicine will do neither good nor harm. It does my heart good to see you so happy.", "There are many that say, who will show us any good. Ps.4.", "1. Welfare; prosperity; advancement of interest or happiness. He labored for the good of the state.", "The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the good of each of the members composing it.", "2. Spiritual advantage or improvement; as the good of souls.", "3. Earnest; not jest.", "The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good and all.", "The phrase, for good and all, signifies, finally; to close the whole business; for the last time.", "4. Moral works; actions which are just and in conformity to the moral law or divine precepts.", "Depart from evil, and do good. Ps.34.", "5. Moral qualities; virtue; righteousness.", "I find no good in this man.", "6. The best fruits; richness; abundance.", "I will give you the good of the land. Gen.45.", "GOOD, v.t. To manure. Not in use.", "GOOD, adv. As good, as well; with equal advantage. Had you not as good go with me? In America we use goods,the Gothic word. Had you not as goods go?", "In replies, good signifies well; right; it is satisfactory; I am satisfied. I will be with you to morrow; answer, good, very good. So we use well, from the root of L. valeo, to be strong."], "goodings": ["GOOD'INGS, n. In seamen's language, clamps of iron bolted on the stern-post of a ship, whereon to hang the rudder."], "goodness": ["GOOD'NESS, n. The state of being good; the physical qualities which constitute value, excellence or perfection; as the goodness of timber; the goodness of a soil.", "1. The moral qualities which constitute christian excellence; moral virtue; religion.", "The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, faith. Gal.5.", "2. Kindness; benevolence; benignity of heart; but more generally, acts of kindness; charity; humanity exercised. I shall remember his goodness to me with gratitude.", "3. Kindness; benevolence of nature; mercy.", "The Lord God--abundant in goodness and truth. Ex.34.", "4. Kindness; favor shown; acts of benevolence, compassion or mercy.", "Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which Jehovah", "had done to Israel. Ex.18."], "goods": ["GOODS, n. plu. Movables; household furniture.", "1. Personal or movable estate; as horses, cattle, utensils, &c.", "2. Wares; merchandize; commodities bought and sold by merchants and traders."], "goodliness": ["GOOD'LINESS, n. from goodly. Beauty of form; grace; elegance.", "Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes."], "goodly": ["GOOD'LY, adv. Excellently.", "GOOD'LY, a. Being of a handsome form; beautiful; graceful; as a goodly person; goodly raiment; goodly houses.", "1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable; as goodly days.", "2. Bulky; swelling; affectedly turgid."], "goodman": ["GOOD'MAN, n. A familiar appellation of civility; sometimes used ironically.", "With you, goodman boy, if you please.", "1. A rustic term of compliment; as old goodman Dobson.", "2. A familiar appellation of a husband; also,the master of a family. Prov.7. Matt.24."], "gore": ["GORE, n. Gr. from issuing.", "1. Blood; but generally, thick or clotted blood; blood that after effusion becomes inspissated.", "2. Dirt; mud. Unusual.", "GORE, n.", "1. A wedge-shaped or triangular piece of cloth sewed into a garment to widen it in any part.", "2. A slip or triangular piece of land.", "3. In heraldry, an abatement denoting a coward. It consists of two arch lines, meeting in an acute angle in the middle of the fess point.", "GORE, v.t.", "1. To stab; to pierce; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear.", "2. To pierce with the point of a horn.", "If an ox gore a man or a woman--Ex.21."], "gored": ["GO'RED, pp. Stabbed; pierced with a pointed instrument."], "goring": ["GO'RING, ppr. from gore. Stabbing; piercing.", "GO'RING, n. A pricking; puncture."], "gorgeous": ["GOR'GEOUS, a. Showy; fine; splendid; glittering with gay colors.", "With gorgeous wings, the marks of sovereign sway.", "A gorgeous robe. Luke 23."], "gorgeously": ["GOR'GEOUSLY, adv. With showy magnificence; splendidly; finely. The prince was gorgeously arrayed."], "gorgeousness": ["GOR'GEOUSNESS, n. Show of dress or ornament; splendor of raiment."], "gospel": ["GOS'PEL, n. L. evangelium, a good or joyful message.", "The history of the birth, life, actions, death, resurrection, ascension and doctrines of Jesus Christ; or a revelation of the grace of God to fallen man through a mediator, including the character, actions, and doctrines of Christ, with the whole scheme of salvation, as revealed by Christ and his apostles. This gospel is said to have been preached to Abraham, by the promise, \"in thee shall all nations be blessed.\" Ga.3.8.", "It is called the gospel of God. Rom.1.1.", "It is called the gospel of Christ. Rom.1.16.", "It is called the gospel of salvation. Eph. 1.13.", "1. God's word.", "2. Divinity; theology.", "3. Any general doctrine.", "GOS'PEL, v.t. To instruct in the gospel; or to fill with sentiments of religion."], "gospelize": ["GOS'PELIZE, v.t. To form according to the gospel.", "1. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the savages."], "gospelized": ["GOS'PELIZED, pp. Instructed in the christian religion."], "gospelizing": ["GOS'PELIZING, ppr. Evangelizing; instructing in the christian religion."], "gospeller": ["GOS'PELLER, n. An evangelist; also, a follower of Wickliffe, the first Englishman who attempted a reformation from popery. Not much used.", "1. He who reads the gospel at the altar."], "got": ["GOT, pret of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced got, is nearly obsolete."], "gotten": ["GOT AND GOTTEN, pp. of get."], "gourd": ["GOURD, n. A plant and its fruit, of the genus Cucurbita. There are several species, as the bottle-gourd, the shell-gourd or calabash, the warted gourd, &c. The shell is sometimes used for a piggin or for a bottle."], "govern": ["GOV'ERN, v.t. L. guberno. The L. guberno seems to be a compound.", "1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority; to keep within the limits prescribed by law or sovereign will. Thus in free states, men are governed by the constitution and laws; in despotic states, men are governed by the edicts or commands of a monarch. Every man should govern well his own family.", "2. To regulate; to influence; to direct. This is the chief point by which he is to govern all his counsels and actions.", "3. To control; to restrain; to keep in due subjection; as, to govern the passions or temper.", "4. To direct; to steer; to regulate the course or motion of a ship. The helm or the helmsman governs the ship.", "5. In grammar, to require to be in a particular case; as, a verb transitive governs a word in the accusative case; or to require a particular case; as, a verb governs the accusative case.", "GOV'ERN, v.i. To exercise authority; to administer the laws. The chief magistrate should govern with impartiality.", "1. To maintain the superiority; to have the control."], "governable": ["GOV'ERNABLE, a. That may be governerned, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient; submissive to law or rule."], "governance": ["GOV'ERNANCE,n. Government; exercise of authority; direction; control; management, either of a public officer, or of a private guardian or tutor."], "governant": ["GOV'ERNANT, n. A lady who has the care and management of young females; a governess. The latter is more generally used."], "governed": ["GOV'ERNED, pp. Directed; regulated by authority; controlled; managed; influenced; restrained."], "governing": ["GOV'ERNING, pr. Directing; controlling; regulating by laws or edicts; managing; influencing; restraining.", "1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; as a governing wind; a governing party n a state.", "2. Directing; controlling; as a governing motive."], "government": ["GOV'ERNMENT, n. Direction; regulation. These precepts will serve for the government of our conduct.", "1. Control; restraint. Men are apt to neglect the government of their temper and passions.", "2. The exercise of authority; direction and restraint exercised over the actions of men in communities, societies or states; the administration of public affairs, according to established constitution, laws and usages, or by arbitrary edicts. Prussia rose to importance under the government of Frederick II.", "3. The exercise of authority by a parent or householder. Children are often ruined by a neglect of government in parents.", "Let family government be like that of our heavenly Father, mild, gentle and affectionate.", "4. The system of polity in a state; that form of fundamental rules and principles by which a nation or state is governed, or by which individual members of a body politic are to regulate their social actions; a constitution, either written or unwritten, by which the rights and duties of citizens and public officers are prescribed and defined; as a monarchial government, or a republican government.", "Thirteen governments thus founded on the natural authority of the people alone, without the pretence of miracle or mystery, are a great point gained in favor of the rights of mankind.", "5. An empire, kingdom or state; any territory over which the right of sovereignty is extended.", "6. The right of governing or administering the laws. The king of England vested the government of Ireland in the lord lieutenant.", "7. The persons or council which administer the laws of a kingdom or state; executive power.", "8. Manageableness; compliance; obsequiousness.", "9. Regularity of behavior. Not in use.", "10. Management of the limbs or body. Not in use.", "11. In grammar, the influence of a word in regard to construction,as when established usage required that one word should cause another to be in a particular case or mode."], "governor": ["GOV'ERNOR, n. He that governs, rules or directs; one invested with supreme authority. The Creator is the rightful governor of all his creatures.", "1. One who is invested with supreme authority to administer or enforce the laws; the supreme executive magistrate of a state, commmunity, corporation or post. Thus, in America, each state has its governor; Canada has its governor.", "2. A tutor; one who has the care of a young man; one who instructs him and forms his manners.", "3. A pilot; one who steers a ship. James 3.", "4. One possessing delegated authority. Joseph was governor over the land of Egypt. Obadiah was governor over Ahab's house. Damascus had a governor under Aretas the king."], "grace": ["GRACE, n. L. gratia, which is formed on the Celtic; Eng. agree, congruous, and ready. The primary sense of gratus, is free, ready, quick, willing, prompt, from advancing.", "1. Favor; good will; kindness; disposition to oblige another; as a grant made as an act of grace.", "Or each, or all, may win a lady's grace.", "2. Appropriately, the free unmerited love and favor of God, the spring and source of all the benefits men receive from him.", "And if by grace,then it is no more of works. Rom.11.", "3. Favorable influence of God; divine influence or the influence of the spirit, in renewing the heart and restraining from sin.", "My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor.12.", "4. The application of Christ's righteousness to the sinner.", "Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom.5.", "5. A state of reconciliation to God. Rom.5.2.", "6. Virtuous or religious affection or disposition, as a liberal disposition, faith, meekness, humility, patience, &c. proceeding from divine influence.", "7. Spiritual instruction, improvement and edification. Eph.4.29.", "8. Apostleship, or the qualifications of an apostle. Eph. 3.8.", "9. Eternal life; final salvation. 1 Pet.1.13.", "10. Favor; mercy; pardon.", "Bow and sue for grace", "With suppliant knee.", "11. Favor conferred.", "I should therefore esteem it a great favor and grace.", "12. Privilege.", "To few great Jupiter imparts this grace.", "13. That in manner, deportment or language which renders it appropriate and agreeable; suitableness; elegance with appropriate dignity. We say, a speaker delivers his address with grace; a man performs his part with grace.", "Grace was in all her steps.", "Her purple habit sits with such a grace", "On her smooth shoulders.", "14. Natural or acquired excellence; any endowment that recommends the possessor to others; as the graces of wit and learning.", "15. Beauty; embellishment; in general, whatever adorns and recommends to favor; sometimes, a single beauty.", "I pass their form and every charming grace.", "16. Beauty deified; among pagans, a goddess. The graces were three in number, Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne, the constant attendants of Venus.", "The loves delighted, and the graces played.", "17. Virtue physical; as the grace of plants. Not used.", "18. The title of a duke or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England, meaning your goodness or clemency. His Grace the Duke of York. Your Grace will please to accept my thanks.", "19. A short prayer before or after meat; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered.", "20. In music, graces signifies turns, trills and shakes introduced for embellishment.", "Day in grace, in theology, time of probation, when an offer is made to sinners.", "Days in grace, in commerce, the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payor to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States the days of grace are three, but in other countries more; the usages of merchants being different.", "GRACE, v.t. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.", "Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line.", "And hail, ye fair, of every charm possess'd,", "Who grace this rising empire of the west.", "1. To dignify or raise by act of favor; to honor.", "He might at his pleasure grace or disgrace whom", "he would in court.", "2. To favor; to honor.", "3. To supply with heavenly grace."], "graced": ["GRA'CED, pp. Adorned; embellished; exalted; dignifies; honored.", "1. Beautiful; graceful. Not in use.", "2. Virtuous; regular; chaste. Not in use."], "graceful": ["GRA'CEFUL, a. Beautiful with dignity; elegant; agreeable in appearance,with an expression of dignity or elevation of mind or manner; used particularly of motion, looks and speech; as a graceful walk; a graceful deportment; a graceful speaker; a graceful air.", "High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus", "rode."], "gracefulness": ["GRA'CEFULNESS, n. Elegance of manner or deportment; beauty with dignity in manner, motion or countenance. Gracefulness consists in the natural ease and propriety of an action, accompanied with a countenance expressive of dignity or elevation of mind. Happy is the man who can add the gracefulness of ease to the dignity of merit."], "graces": ["GRA'CES,n. Good graces, favor; friendship."], "gracious": ["GRA'CIOUS, a. L. gratiosus.", "1. Favorable; kind; friendly; as,the envoy met with a gracious reception.", "2. Favorable; kind; benevolent; merciful; disposed to forgive offenses and impart unmerited blessings.", "Thou are a God ready to pardon, gracious and", "merciful. Neh.9.", "3. Favorable; expressing kindness and favor.", "All bore him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded from his mouth. Luke 4.", "4. Proceeding from divine grace; as a person in a gracious state.", "5. Acceptable; favored.", "He made us gracious before the kings of Persia. Little used. 1 Esdras.", "6. Renewed or implanted by grace; as gracious affections.", "7. Virtuous; good.", "8. Excellent; graceful; becoming."], "graciously": ["GRA'CIOUSLY, adv. Kindly; favorably; in a friendly manner; with kind condescension.", "His testimony he graciously confirmed.", "1. In a pleasing manner."], "graciousness": ["GRA'CIOUSNESS, n. Kind condescension.", "1. Possession of graces or good qualities.", "2. Pleasing manner.", "3. Mercifulness."], "graff": ["GRAFF, n. See Grave. A ditch or moat.", "GRAFF, for graft."], "grain": ["GRAIN, n. L. granum.", "1. Any small hard mass; as a grain of sand or gravel. Hence,", "2. A single seed or hard seed of a plant, particularly of those kinds whose seeds are used for food of man or beast. This is usually inclosed in a proper shell or covered with a husk,and contains the embryo of a new plant. Hence,", "3. Grain, without a definitive, signifies corn in general, or the fruit of certain plants which constitutes the chief food of man and beast, as wheat, rye, barley, oats and maiz.", "4. A minute particle.", "5. A small weight, or the smallest weight ordinarily used, being the twentieth part of the scruple in apothecaries' weight, and the twenty fourth of a pennyweight troy.", "6. A component part of stones and metals.", "7. The veins or fibers of wood or other fibrous substance; whence, cross-grained, and against the grain.", "8. The body or substance of wood as modified by the fibers.", "Hard box, and linden of a softer grain.", "9. The body or substance of a thing considered with respect to the size, form or direction of the constituent particles; as stones of a fine grain.", "The tooth of a sea-horse,contains a curdled grain.", "10. Any thing proverbially small; a very small particle or portion; as a grain of wit or of common sense.", "Neglect not to make use of any grain of grace.", "11. Dyed or stained substance.", "All in a robe of darkest grain.", "12. The direction of the fibers of wood or other fibrous substance; hence the phrase, against the grain, applied to animals, that is, against their natural tempers.", "13. The heart or temper; as brothers not united in grain.", "14. The form of the surface of any thing with respect to smoothness or roughness; state of the grit of any body composed of grains; as sandstone of a fine grain.", "15. A tine, prong or spike.", "A grain of allowance, a small allowance or indulgence; a small portion to be remitted; something above or below just weight.", "To dye in grain, is to dye in the raw material, as wool or silk before it is manufactured.", "GRAIN, v.i. To yield fruit.", "GRAIN, or GRANE, for groan. Not in use."], "grained": ["GRA'INED, a. Rough; made less smooth.", "1. Dyed in grain; ingrained."], "graining": ["GRA'INING, n. Indentation.", "1. A fish of the dace kind."], "grains": ["GRAINS, n. in the plural. The husks or remains of malt after brewing, or of any grain after distillation.", "Grains of paradise, an Indian spice,the seeds of a species of Amomum."], "grandmother": ["GRAND'MOTHER, n. The mother of one's father or mother."], "grant": ["GR`ANT, v.t.", "1. To admit as true what is not proved; to allow; to yield; to concede. We take that for granted which is supposed to be true.", "Grant that the fates have firmed, by their decree--", "2. To give; to bestow or confer on without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request.", "Thou hast granted me life and favor. Job.10.", "God granted him that which he requested. 1. Chron.4.", "3. To transfer the title of a thing to another, for a good or valuable consideration; to convey by deed or writing. The legislature have granted all the new land.", "Grant me the place of this threshing floor. 1 Chron.21.", "GR`ANT, n. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring.", "1. The thing granted or bestowed; a gift; a boon.", "2. In law, a conveyance in writing, of such things as cannot pass or be transferred by word only, as land, rents, reversions, tithes, &c.", "A grant is an executed contract.", "3. Concession; admission of something as true.", "4. The thing conveyed by deed or patent."], "granted": ["GR`ANTED, pp. Admitted as true; conceded; yielded; bestowed; conveyed."], "granting": ["GR`ANTING, ppr. Admitting; conceding; bestowing; conveying."], "grape": ["GRAPE, n. This word is from the root of grab, gripe,and signifies primarily a cluster or bunch.", "1. Properly, a cluster of the fruit of the vine; but with us, a single berry of the vine; the fruit from which wine is made by expression and fermentation.", "2. In the manege, grapes signifies mangy tumors on the legs of a horse."], "grass": ["GR`ASS, n.", "1. In common usage, herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts.", "2. In botany, a plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, a husky calyx, called glume, and the seed single. This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, &c., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.", "Grass of Parnassus, a plant, the Parnassia.", "GR`ASS, v.t. To cover with grass or with turf.", "GR`ASS, v.i. To breed grass; to be covered with grass."], "grasshopper": ["GR`ASSHOPPER, n. grass and hop. An animal that lives among grass, a species of Gryllus."], "grate": ["GRATE, n. L. crates, a grate, a hurdle.", "1. A work or frame, composed of parallel or cross bars, with interstices; a kind of lattice-work, such as is used in the windows of prisons and cloisters.", "2. An instrument or frame of iron bars for holding coals, used as fuel, in houses, stores, shops, &c.", "GRATE, v.t. To furnish with grates; to make fast with cross bars.", "GRATE, v.t. L. rado.", "1. To rub, as a body with a rough surface against another body; to rub one thing against another, so as to produce a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth.", "2. To wear away in small particles, by rubbing with any thing rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.", "3. To offend; to fret; to vex; to irritate; to mortify; as, harsh words grate the heart; they are grating to the feeling; harsh sounds grate the ear.", "4. To make a harsh sound, by rubbing or the friction of rough bodies."], "grated": ["GRA'TED, pp. Rubbed harshly; worn off by rubbing.", "1. Furnished with a grate; as grated windows."], "grateful": ["GRA'TEFUL, a. from L. gratus. See Grace.", "1. Having a due sense of benefits; kindly disposed towards one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay benefits; as a grateful heart.", "2. Agreeable; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; as a grateful present; a grateful offering.", "3. Pleasing to the taste; delicious; affording pleasure; as food or drink grateful offering.", "Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine,", "And grateful clusters swell with floods of wine."], "gratefulness": ["GRA'TEFULNESS, n. The quality of being grateful; gratitude.", "1. The quality of being agreeable or pleasant to the mind or to the taste."], "grating": ["GRA'TING, ppr. See Grate. Rubbing; wearing off in particles.", "1. Fretting; irritating; harsh; as grating sounds, or a grating reflection.", "GRA'TING"], "gratingly": ["GRA'TINGLY, adv. Harshly; offensively; in a manner to irritate."], "gratings": ["GRA'TINGS, n. See Grate. A partition of bars; an open cover for the hatches of a ship, resembling lattice-work."], "grave": ["GRAVE, a final syllable, is a grove.", "GRAVE, v.t. pret. graved; pp. graven or graved. Gr. to write; originally all writing was graving; Eng. to scrape.", "1. To carve or cut letters or figures on stone or other hard substance, with a chisel or edged tool; to engrave. The latter word is now more generally used.", "Thou shalt take two onyx-stones and grave on them the names of the children of Israel. Ex.28.", "2. To carve; to form or shape by cutting with a chisel; as, to grave an image.", "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image. Ex.20.", "3. To clean a ship's bottom by burning off filth, grass or other foreign matter, and paying it over with pitch.", "4. To entomb. Unusual.", "GRAVE, v.i. To carve; to write or delineate on hard substances; to practice engraving.", "GRAVE, n. L. scrobs.", "1. The ditch, pit or excavated place in which a dead human body is deposited; a place for the corpse of a human being; a sepulcher.", "2. A tomb.", "3. Any place where the dead are reposited; a place of great slaughter or mortality. Flanders was formerly the grave of English armies. Russia proved to be the grave of the French army under Bonaparte. The tropical climates are the grave of American seamen and of British soldiers.", "4. Graves, in the plural, sediment of tallow melted. Not in use or local."], "graved": ["GRA'VED, pp. See the Verb. Carved; engraved; cleaned, as a ship."], "gravely": ["GRA'VELY, adv. from grave. In a grave, solemn manner; soberly; seriously.", "The queen of learning gravely smiles.", "1. Without gaudiness or show; as, to be dressed gravely."], "graveness": ["GRA'VENESS, n. Seriousness; solemnity; sobriety of behavior; gravity of manners or discourse."], "graving": ["GRA'VING, ppr. Engraving; carving; cutting figures on stone, copper or other hard substance.", "GRA'VING, n. Carved work. 2 Chron.2.", "1. Impression."], "gravel": ["GRAV'EL, n.", "1. Small stones or fragments of stone, or very small pebbles, larger than the particles of sand, but often intermixed with them.", "2. In medicine, small calculous concretions in the kidneys and bladder.", "GRAV'EL, v.t. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.", "1. To stick in the sand.", "2. To puzzle; to stop; to embarrass.", "3. To hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged under the shoe."], "graveled": ["GRAV'ELED, pp. Covered with gravel; stopped; embarrassed; injured by gravel."], "gravity": ["GRAV'ITY, n. L. gravitas, from gravis, heavy. See Grave.", "1. Weight; heaviness.", "2. In philosophy, that force by which bodies tend or are pressed or drawn towards the center of the earth, or towards some other center, or the effect of that force; in which last sense gravity is synonymous with weight."], "gray": ["GRAY, a. This is probably the name given to the Greeks, on account of their fair complexion compared with the Asiatics and Africans. See Europe. \"Keto bore to Phorcus the Graiae with fair cheeks, white from their birth, and hence they were called Graiae.\" The Greek word is rendered an old woman, and in this passage of Hesiod, is supposed to mean certain deities. The probability is, that it is applied to an old woman, because she is gray. But the fable of Hesiod is easily explained by supposing the author to have had in his mind some imperfect account of the origin of the Greeks.", "1. White, with a mixture of black.", "These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks.", "2. White; hoary; as gray hair. We apply the word to hair that is partially or wholly white.", "3. Dark; of a mixed color; of the color of ashes; as gray eyes; the gray-eyed morn.", "4. Old; mature; as gray experience.", "GRAY, n. A gray color.", "1. A badger."], "grease": ["GREASE, n.", "1. Animal fat in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind, as tallow, lard; but particularly the fatty matter of land animals, as distinguished from the oily matter of marine animals.", "2. A swelling and gourdiness of a horse's legs, occasioned by traveling or by standing long in a stable.", "GREASE, v.t. greez. To smear, anoint or daub with grease or fat.", "1. To bribe; to corrupt with presents. Not elegant."], "greased": ["GRE'ASED, pp. Smeared with oily matter; bribed."], "greasing": ["GRE'ASING, ppr. Smearing with fat or oily matter; bribing."], "great": ["GREAT, a. L. crassus.", "1. Large in bulk or dimensions; a term of comparison, denoting more magnitude or extension than something else, or beyond what is usual; as a great body; a great house; a great farm.", "2. Being of extended length or breadth; as a great distance; a great lake.", "3. Large in number; as a great many; a great multitude.", "4. Expressing a large, extensive or unusual degree of any thing; as great fear; great love; great strength; great wealth; great power; great influence; great folly.", "5. Long continued; as a great while.", "6. Important; weighty; as a great argument; a great truth; a great event; a thing of no great consequence; it is no great matter.", "7. Chief; principal; as the great seal of England.", "8. Chief; of vast power and excellence; supreme; illustrious; as the great God; the great Creator.", "9. Vast; extensive; wonderful; admirable.", "Great are thy works. Jehovah.", "10. Possessing large or strong powers of mind; as a great genius.", "11. Having made extensive or unusual acquisitions of science or knowledge; as a great philosopher or botanist; a great scholar.", "12. Distinguished by rank, office or power; elevated; eminent; as a great lord; the great men of the nation; the great Mogul; Alexander the great.", "13. Dignified in aspect,mien or manner.", "Amidst the crowd she walks serenely great.", "14. Magnanimous; generous; of elevated sentiments; high-minded. He has a great soul.", "15. Rich; sumptuous; magnificent. He disdained not to appear at great tables. A great feast or entertainment.", "16. Vast; sublime; as a great conception or idea.", "17. Dignified; noble.", "Nothing can be great which is not right.", "18. Swelling; proud; as, he was not disheartened by great looks.", "19. Chief; principal; much traveled; as a great road. The ocean is called the great highway of nations.", "20. Pregnant; teeming; as great with young.", "21. Hard; difficult. It is no great matter to live in peace with meek people.", "22. Familiar; intimate. Vulgar.", "23. Distinguished by extraordinary events, or unusual importance. Jude 6.", "24. Denoting a degree of consanguinity, in the ascending or descending line, as great grandfather, the father of a grandfather; great great grandfather, the father of a great grandfather, and so on indefinitely; and great grandson, great great grandson. &c.", "25. Superior; preeminent; as great chamberlain; great marshal.", "The sense of great is to be understood by the things it is intended to qualify. Great pain or wrath is violent pain or wrath; great love is ardent love; great peace is entire peace; a great name is extensive renown; a great evil or sin, is a sin of deep malignity, &c.", "GREAT, n. The whole; the gross; the lump or mass; as, a carpenter contracts to build a ship by the great.", "1. People of rank or distinction. The poor envy the great, and the great despise the poor."], "greatness": ["GREATNESS, n. Largeness of bulk, dimensions, number or quantity; as the greatness of a mountain, of an edifice, of a multitude, or of a sum of money. With reference to solid bodies, however, we more generally use bulk, size, extent or magnitude than greatness; as the bulk or size of the body; the extent of the ocean; the magnitude of the sun or of the earth.", "1. Large amount; extent; as the greatness of a reward.", "2. High degree; as the greatness of virtue or vice.", "3. High rank or place; elevation; dignity; distinction; eminence; power; command.", "4. Swelling pride; affected state.", "It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships.", "5. Magnanimity; elevation of sentiment; nobleness; as greatness of mind.", "Virtue is the only solid basis of greatness.", "6. Strength or extent of intellectual faculties; as the greatness of genius.", "7. Large extent or variety; as the greatness of a man's acquisitions.", "8. Grandeur; pomp; magnificence.", "Greatness with Timon dwells in such a draught,", "As brings all Brobdignag before your thought.", "9. Force; intensity; as the greatness of sound, of passion, heat, &c."], "greatly": ["GREATLY, adv. In a great degree; much.", "I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen.3.", "1. Nobly; illustriously.", "By a high fate, thou greatly didst expire.", "2. Magnanimously; generously; bravely.", "He greatly scorned to turn his back on his foe. He greatly spurned the offered boon."], "greave": ["GREAVE, for grove and groove. See Grove and Groove."], "greaves": ["GREAVES, n. plu. greevz. Armor for the legs; a sort of boots.", "l Sam.17."], "grecian": ["GRE'CIAN, a. Pertaining to Greece.", "GRE'CIAN, n. A native of Greece. Also, a Jew who understood Greek. Acts.6.", "1. One well versed in the Greek language."], "greece": ["GREECE, n. L. gressus. It ought to be written grese, but it is entirely obsolete. A flight of steps."], "greedily": ["GREE'DILY, adv. See Greedy. With a keen appetite for food or drink; voraciously; ravenously; as, to eat or swallow greedily.", "1. With keen or ardent desire; eagerly. Jude 11."], "greediness": ["GREE'DINESS, n. Keenness of appetite for food or drink; ravenousness; voracity.", "Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness.", "1. Ardent desire."], "greedy": ["GREE'DY, a. L. gradior,and probably signifies reaching forward.", "1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; followed by of; as a lion that is greedy of his prey. Ps.17.", "2. Having a keen desire of any thing; eager to obtain; as greedy of gain."], "greek": ["GREEK, a. Pertaining to Greece. See Gray.", "GREEK, n. A native of Greece.", "1. The language of Greece.", "Greek-fire, a combustible composition, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur."], "green": ["GREEN, a.", "1. Properly, growing, flourishing, as plants; hence, of the color of herbage and plants when growing, a color composed of blue and yellow rays, one of blue and yellow rays, one of the original prismatic colors; verdant.", "2. New; fresh; recent; as a green wound.", "The greenest usurpation.", "3. Fresh; flourishing; undecayed; as green old age.", "4. Containing its natural juices; not dry; not seasoned; as green wood; green timber.", "5. Not roasted; half raw.", "We say the meat is green, when half-roasted.", "Rarely, if ever used in America.", "6. Unripe; immature; not arrived to perfection; as green fruit. Hence,", "7. Immature in age; young; as green in age or judgment.", "8. Pale; sickly; wan; of a greenish pale color.", "GREEN, n. The color of growing plants; a color composed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different proportions, exhibit a variety of shades; as apple green, meadow green, leek green, &c.", "1. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage.", "O'er the smooth enameled green.", "2. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; usually in the plural.", "The fragrant greens I seek, my brows to bind.", "3. The leaves and stems of young plants used in cookery or dressed for food in the spring; in the plural.", "GREEN, v.t. To make green. This is used by Thomson and by Barlow, but is not an elegant word, nor indeed hardly legitimate, in the sense in which these writers use it. \"Spring greens the year.\" \"God greens the groves.\" The only legitimate sense of this verb, if used, would be, to dye green, or to change to a green color. A plant growing in a dark room is yellow; let this plant be carried into the open air,and the rays of the sun will green it. This use would correspond with the use of whiten, blacken, redden."], "greenness": ["GREE'NNESS, n. The quality of being green; viridity; as the greenness of grass or of a meadow.", "1. Immaturity; unripeness; in a literal or figurative sense; as the greenness of fruit; the greenness of youth.", "2. Freshness; vigor.", "3. Newness."], "greenish": ["GREE'NISH, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as a greenish yellow."], "greenishness": ["GREE'NISHNESS, n. The quality of being greenish."], "greet": ["GREET, v.t. L. rudo, to bray, to roar.", "1. To address with expressions of kind wishes; to salute in kindness and respect.", "My lord, the Mayor if London comes to greet you.", "2. To address at meeting; to address in any manner.", "3. To congratulate.", "4. To pay compliments at a distance; to send kind wishes to. Col.4. 2 Tim.4.", "5. To meet and address with kindness; or to express kind wishes accompanied with an embrace. 1 Thess.5.", "6. To meet.", "GREET, v.i. To meet and salute.", "There greet in silence, as the dead are wont,", "And sleep in peace.", "1. To weep; written by Spenser greit."], "greeted": ["GREE'TED, pp. Addressed with kind wishes; complimented."], "greeting": ["GREE'TING, ppr. Addressing with kind wishes or expressions of joy; complimenting; congratulating; saluting.", "GREE'TING, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; compliment addressed from one absent."], "grew": ["GREW, pret. of grow."], "greyhound": ["GREYHOUND, n. A tall fleet dog, kept for the chase."], "grief": ["GRIEF ,n. L. gravis.", "1. The pain of mind produced by loss, misfortune, injury or evils of any kind; sorrow; regret. We experience grief when we lose a friend, when we incur loss, when we consider ourselves injured, and by sympathy, we feel grief at the misfortunes of others.", "2. The pain of mind occasioned by our own misconduct; sorrow or regret that we have done wrong; pain accompanying repentance. We feel grief when we have offended or injured a friend, and the consciousness of having offended the Supreme Being, fills the penitent heart with the most poignant grief.", "3. Cause of sorrow; that which afflicts.", "Who were a grief of mind to Isaac and Rebekah. Gen.26.", "A foolish son is a grief to his father. Prov.17."], "griefful": ["GRIE'FFUL, a. Full of grief or sorrow."], "grievance": ["GRIE'VANCE, n. from grief. That which causes grief or uneasiness; that which burdens, oppresses or injures, implying a sense of wrong done, or a continued injury, and therefore applied only to the effects of human conduct; never to providential evils. The oppressed subject has the right to petition for a redress of grievances."], "grieve": ["GRIEVE, v.t. L. gravo, from gravis.", "1. To give pain of mind to; to afflict; to wound the feelings. Nothing grieves a parent like the conduct of a profligate child.", "2. To afflict; to inflict pain on.", "For he doth not afflict willingly, nor grieve the", "children of men. Lam.3.", "3. To make sorrowful; to excite regret in.", "4. To offend; to displease; to provoke.", "Grieve not the holy Spirit of God. Eph.4.", "GRIEVE, v.i. To feel pain of mind or heart; to be in pain on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn. We grieve at the loss of friends or property. We grieve at the misfortunes of others. We grieve for our own misfortunes, follies and vices, as well as for those of our children. It is followed by at or for."], "grieved": ["GRIE'VED, pp. Pained; afflicted; suffering sorrow."], "grieving": ["GRIE'VING, ppr. Giving pain; afflicting.", "1. Sorrowing; exercised with grief; mourning."], "grievingly": ["GRIE'VINGLY, adv. In sorrow; sorrowfully."], "grievous": ["GRIE'VOUS, a. from grieve, or grief. Heavy; oppressive; burdensome; as a grievous load of taxes.", "1. Afflictive; painful; hard to be borne.", "Correction is grievous to him that forsaketh the way. Prov.15.", "2. Causing grief or sorrow.", "The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight, because of his son. Gen.21.", "3. Distressing.", "The famine was very grievous in the land. Gen.12.", "4. Great; atrocious.", "Because their sin is very grievous. Gen.18.", "5. Expressing great uneasiness; as a grievous complaint.", "6. Provoking; offensive; tending to irritate; as grievous words. Prov.15.", "7. Hurtful; destructive; causing mischief; as grievous wolves. Acts.20."], "grievously": ["GRIE'VOUSLY, adv. With pain; painfully; with great pain or distress; as, to be grievously afflicted.", "1. With discontent, ill will or grief.", "2. Calamitously; miserably; greatly; with great uneasiness, distress or grief.", "3. Atrociously; as, to sin or offend grievously."], "grievousness": ["GRIE'VOUSNESS, n. Oppressiveness; weight that gives pain or distress; as the grievousness of a burden.", "1. Pain; affliction; calamity; distress; as the grievousness of sickness, war or famine.", "2. Greatness; enormity; atrociousness; as the grievousness of sin or offenses."], "grind": ["GRIND, v.t. pret. and pp. ground. This word, if n is radical, may be allied to rend; if not, it coincides with grate; to make smooth, as mollis in L., allied to molo.", "1. To break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction; to comminute by attrition; to triturate.", "Take the millstones and grind meal. Is.16.", "We say, to grind meal, but this is an elliptical phrase. The true phrase is, to grind corn to meal.", "2. To break and reduce to small pieces by the teeth.", "3. To sharpen by rubbing or friction; to wear off the substance of a metallic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge by the friction of a stone; as, to grind an ax or scythe.", "4. To make smooth; to polish by friction; as, to grind glass.", "5. To rub one against another.", "Harsh sounds--and the grinding of one stone against another, make a shivering or horror in the body and set the teeth on edge.", "6. To oppress by severe exactions; to afflict cruelly; to harass; as, to grind the faces of the poor Is.3.", "7. To crush in pieces; to ruin. Matt.21.", "8. To grate; as grinding pains.", "GRIND, v.i. To perform the operation of grinding; to move a mill.", "1. To be moved or rubbed together, as in the operation of grinding; as the grinding jaws.", "2. To be ground or pulverized by friction.", "Corn will not grind well before it is dry.", "3. To be polished and made smooth by friction. Glass grinds smooth.", "4. To be sharpened by grinding. Steel grinds to a fine edge."], "grinding": ["GRINDING, ppr. Reducing to powder by friction; triturating; levitating; chewing.", "1. Making sharp; making smooth or polishing by friction."], "grinder": ["GRINDER, n. One that grinds, or moves a mill.", "1. The instrument of grinding.", "2. A tooth that grinds or chews food; a double tooth; a jaw-tooth.", "3. The teeth in general."], "groan": ["GROAN, v.i. L. grunnio; Heb. to cry out, to groan; L. rana, a frog.", "1. To breathe with a deep murmuring sound; to utter a mournful voice, as in pain or sorrow.", "For we that are in this tabernacle, do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor.5.", "2. To sigh; to be oppressed or afflicted; or to complain of oppression. A nation groans under the weight of taxes.", "GROAN, n. A deep mournful sound, uttered in pain, sorrow or anguish.", "1. Any low, rumbling sound; as the groans of roaring wind."], "groanful": ["GROANFUL, a. Sad; inducing groans."], "groaning": ["GROANING, ppr. Uttering a low mournful sound.", "GROANING, n. The act of groaning; lamentation; complaint; a deep sound uttered in pain or sorrow.", "I have heard the groaning of the children of", "Israel. Ex.6.", "1. In hunting, the cry or noise of the buck."], "grope": ["GROPE, v.i.", "1. To feel along; to search or attempt to find in the dark, or as a blind person, by feeling.", "We grope for the wall like the blind. Is.59.", "The dying believer leaves the weeping children of mortality to grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities of a worldly life.", "2. To seek blindly in intellectual darkness, without a certain guide or means of knowledge.", "GROPE, v.t. To search by feeling in the dark.", "We groped our way at midnight.", "But Strephon, cautious, never meant", "The bottom of the pan to grope."], "groping": ["GRO'PING, ppr. Feeling for something in darkness; searching by feeling."], "gross": ["GROSS, a. L. crassus.", "1. Thick; bulky; particularly applied to animals; fat; corpulent; as a gross man; a gross body.", "2. Coarse; rude; rough; not delicate; as gross sculpture.", "3. Coarse, in a figurative sense; rough; mean; particularly, vulgar; obscene; indelicate; as gross language; gross jests.", "4. Thick; large; opposed to fine; as wood or stone of a gross grain.", "5. Impure; unrefined; as gross sensuality.", "6. Great; palpable; as a gross mistake; gross injustice.", "7. Coarse; large; not delicate; as gross features.", "8. Thick; dense; not attenuated; not refined or pure; as a gross medium of sight; gross air; gross elements.", "9. Unseemly; enormous; shameful; great; as gross corruptions; gross vices.", "10. Stupid; dull.", "Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.", "11. Whole; entire; as the gross sum, or gross amount, as opposed to a sum consisting of separate or specified parts.", "GROSS, n. The main body; the chief part; the bulk; the mass; as the gross of the people. We now use bulk.", "1. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as a gross of bottles. It never has the plural form. We say, five gross or ten gross.", "In the gross, in gross, in the bulk, or the whole undivided; all parts taken together.", "By the gross, in a like sense.", "Gross weight, is the weight of merchandize or goods, with the dust and dross, the bag, cask, chest, &c., in which they are contained, for which an allowance is to be made of tare and tret. This being deducted, the remainder or real weight is denominated neat or net weight. Gross weight has lately been abolished in Connecticut by statute, May, 1827.", "In English law, a villain in gross, was one who did not belong to the land, but immediately to the person of the lord, and was transferrable by deed, like chattels, from one owner to another.", "Advowson in gross, an advowson separated from the property of a manor,and annexed to the person of its owner.", "Common in gross, is common annexed to a man's person, and not appurtenant to land."], "grossness": ["GROSSNESS, n. Thickness; bulkiness; corpulence; fatness; applied to animal bodies.", "1. Thickness; spissitude; density; as the grossness of vapors.", "2. Coarseness; rudeness; want of refinement or delicacy; vulgarity; as the grossness of language; the grossness of wit.", "Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the ear of delicacy.", "3. Greatness; enormity; as the grossness of vice."], "ground": ["GROUND, n.", "1. The surface of land or upper part of the earth, without reference to the materials which compose it. We apply ground to soil,sand or gravel indifferently, but never apply it to the whole mass of the earth or globe, nor to any portion of it when removed. We never say a shovel full or a load of ground. We say under ground, but not under earth; and we speak of the globe as divided into land and water, not into ground and water. Yet ground, earth and land are often used synonymously. We say, the produce or fruits of the ground, of the earth, or of land. The water overflows the low ground, or the low land.", "There was not a man to till the ground. Gen.2.", "The ground shall give its increase. Zech.8.", "The fire ran along on the ground. Ex.9.", "2. Region; territory; as Egyptian ground; British ground; heavenly ground.", "3. Land; estate; possession.", "Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds.", "4. The surface of the earth, or a floor or pavement.", "Dagon had fallen on his face to the ground. 1 Sam.5.", "5. Foundation; that which supports any thing. This argument stands on defensible ground. Hence,", "6. Fundamental cause; primary reason or original principle. He stated the grounds of his complaint.", "Making happiness the ground of his unhappiness.", "7. First principles; as the grounds of religion.", "8. In painting, the surface on which a figure or object is represented; that surface or substance which retains the original color, and to which the other colors are applied to make the representation; as crimson on a white ground.", "9. In manufactures, the principal color, to which others are considered as ornamental.", "10. Grounds, plural, the bottom of liquors; dregs; lees; feces; as coffee grounds; the grounds of strong beer.", "11. The plain song; the tune on which descants are raised.", "On that ground, I'll build a holy descant.", "12. In etching, a gummous composition spread over the surface of the metal to be etched, to prevent the nitric acid from eating, except where the ground is opened with the point of a needle.", "13. Field or place of action. He fought with fury, and would not quit the ground.", "14. In music, the name given to a composition in which the base, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a continually varying melody.", "15. The foil to set a thing off.", "16. Formerly, the pit of a play house.", "To gain ground, to advance; to proceed forward in conflict; as, an army in battle gains ground. Hence, to obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. Hence,", "1. To gain credit; to prevail; to become more general or extensive; as,the opinion gains ground.", "To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken. Hence, to lose advantage. Hence,", "1. To lose credit; to decline; to become less in force or extent.", "To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.", "get ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used.", "GROUND, v.t. To lay or set on the ground.", "1. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason or principle; as arguments grounded on reason; faith grounded on scriptural evidence.", "2. To settle in first principles; to fix firmly.", "Being rooted and grounded in love Eph.3.", "GROUND, v.i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded in two fathoms of water.", "GROUND, pret. and pp. of grind."], "grove": ["GROVE, n.", "1. In gardening, a small wood or cluster of trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood impervious to the rays of the sun. A grove is either open or close; open, when consisting of large trees whose branches shade the ground below; close, when consisting of trees and underwood, which defend the avenues from the rays of the sun and from violent winds.", "2. A wood of small extent. In America, the word is applied to a wood of natural growth in the field,as well as to planted trees in a garden,but only to a wood of small extent and not to a forest.", "3. Something resembling a wood or trees in a wood.", "Tall groves of masts arose in beauteous pride."], "grow": ["GROW, v.i. pret. grew; pp. grown. L. cresco.", "1. To enlarge in bulk or stature, by a natural, imperceptible addition of matter, through ducts and secreting organs, as animal and vegetable bodies; to vegetate as plants, or to be augmented by natural process, as animals. Thus, a plant grows from a seed to a shrub or tree, and a human being grows from a fetus to a man.", "He causeth the grass to grow for cattle. Ps.104.", "2. To be produced by vegetation; as, wheat grows in most parts of the world; rice grows only in warm climates.", "3. To increase; to be augmented; to wax; as, a body grows larger by inflation or distension; intemperance is a growing evil.", "4. To advance; to improve; to make progress; as, to grow in grace, in knowledge, in piety. The young man is growing in reputation.", "5. To advance; to extend. His reputation is growing.", "6. To come by degrees; to become; to reach any state; as, he grows more skillful, or more prudent. Let not vice grow to a habit, or into a habit.", "7. To come forward; to advance. Not much used.", "Winter began to grow fast on.", "8. To be changed from one state to another; to become; as, to grow pale; to grow poor; to grow rich.", "9. To proceed, as from a cause or reason. Lax morals may grow from errors in opinion.", "10. To accrue; to come.", "Why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings. Ezra.4.", "11. To swell; to increase; as, the wind grew to a tempest.", "To grow out of, to issue from; as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem.", "These wars have grown out of commercial considerations.", "To grow up, to arrive at manhood, or to advance to full stature or maturity.", "To grow up,", "To grow together, To close and adhere; to become united by growth; as flesh or the bark of a tree severed.", "Grow, signifies properly to shoot out, to enlarge; but it is often used to denote a passing from one state to another, and from greater to less.", "Marriages grow less frequent.", "To grow less, is an abuse of this word; the phrase should be to become less.", "GROW, v.t. To produce; to raise; as, a farmer grows large quantities of wheat. This is a modern abusive use of grow, but prevalent in Great Britain, and the British use begins to be imitated in America. Until within a few years, we never heard grow used as a transitive verb in New England, and the ear revolts at the practice."], "growing": ["GROWING, ppr. Increasing; advancing in size or extent; becoming; accruing; swelling; thriving."], "grown": ["GROWN, pp. of grow. Advanced; increased in growth.", "1. Having arrived at full size or stature; as a grown woman.", "Grown over, covered by the growth of any thing; overgrown."], "growth": ["GROWTH, n. The gradual increase of animal and vegetable bodies; the process of springing from a germ, seed or root,and proceeding to full size, by the addition of matter, through ducts and secretory vessels. In plants, vegetation. We speak of slow growth and rapid growth; of early growth; late growth and full growth.", "1. Product; produce; that which has grown; as a fine growth of wood.", "2. Production; any thing produced; as a poem of English growth.", "3. Increase in number, bulk or frequency.", "4. Increase in extent or prevalence; as the growth of trade; the growth of vice.", "5. Advancement; progress; improvement; as growth in grace or piety."], "grudge": ["GRUDGE', v.t. L. rugio.", "1. To be discontented at another's enjoyments or advantages; to envy one the possession or happiness which we desire for ourselves.", "'Tis not in thee", "To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train.", "I have often heard the presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments.", "It is followed by two objects, but probably by ellipsis; as, grudge us for grudge to us.", "2. To give or take unwillingly.", "Nor grudge my cold embraces in the grave.", "They have grudged those contributions, which have set our country at the head of all the governments of Europe."], "grudging": ["GRUDG'ING, pp. Envying; being uneasy at another's possession of something which we have a desire to possess.", "GRUDG'ING, n. Uneasiness at the possession of something by another.", "1. Reluctance; also, a secret wish or desire.", "He had a grudging still to be a knave.", "2. A symptom of disease. Not in use."], "grudgingly": ["GRUDG'INGLY, adv. Unwillingly; with reluctance or discontent; as, to give grudgingly."], "guard": ["GUARD, v.t. gard. L. verus; wahren, to keep, to last, to hold out; bewahren, to keep or preserve; bewahren, to verify, to confirm; Eng. ware, aware;", "1. To secure against injury, loss or attack; to protect; to defend; to keep in safety. We guard a city by walls and forts. A harbor is guarded by ships, booms or batteries. Innocence should be guarded by prudence and piety. Let observation and experience guard us against temptations to vice.", "2. To secure against objections or the attacks of malevolence.", "Homer has guarded every circumstance with caution.", "3. To accompany and protect; to accompany for protection; as, to guard a general on a journey; to guard the baggage of an army.", "4. To adorn with lists, laces or ornaments.", "5. To gird; to fasten by binding.", "GUARD, v.i. To watch by way of caution or defense; to be cautions; to be in a state of defense or safety. Guard against mistakes, or against temptations.", "GUARD, n. Eng. ward.", "1. Defense; preservation or security against injury, loss or attack.", "2. That which secures against attack or injury; that which defends. Modesty is the guard of innocence.", "3. A man or body of men occupied in preserving a person or place from attack or injury; he or they whose business is to defend, or to prevent attack or surprise. Kings have their guards to secure their persons. Joseph was sold to Potiphar, a captain of Pharaoh's guard.", "4. A state of caution or vigilance; or the act of observing what passes in order to prevent surprise or attack; care; attention; watch; heed. Be on your guard. Temerity puts a man off his guard.", "5. That which secures against objections or censure; caution of expression.", "They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I.", "6. Part of the hilt of a sword, which protects the hand.", "7. In fencing, a posture of defense.", "8. An ornamental lace,hem or boarder.", "Advanced guard,", "Van guard, In military affairs, a body of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army or division, to prevent surprise, or give notice of danger.", "Rear guard, a body of troops that march in the rear of an army or division, for its protection.", "Life guard, a body of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person of a prince or other officer."], "guarded": ["GUARD'ED, pp. Defended; protected; accompanied by a guard; provided with means of defense.", "1. Cautions; circumspect. He was guarded in his expressions.", "2. Framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were guarded."], "guardful": ["GUARD'FUL, a. Wary; cautious."], "guarding": ["GUARD'ING, ppr. Defending; protecting; securing; attending for protection."], "guest": ["GUEST, n. gest. L. visito; Eng. visit.", "1. A stranger; one who comes from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place, either for a night or for a longer time.", "2. A visitor; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house or at the table of another, whether by invitation or otherwise.", "The wedding was furnished with guests. Matt.22."], "guide": ["GUIDE, v.t. gide.", "1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; as, to guide an enemy or a traveler, who is not acquainted with the road or course.", "The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps.25.", "2. To direct; to order.", "He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps.112,", "3. To influence; to give direction to. Men are guided by their interest, or supposed interest.", "4. To instruct and direct. Let parents guide their children to virtue, dignity and happiness.", "5. To direct; to regulate and manage; to superintend.", "I will that the younger women marry, bear children, and guide the house. 1 Tim.5.", "GUIDE, n.", "1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course; a conductor. The army followed the guide. The traveler may be deceived by his guide.", "2. One who directs another in his conduct or course of life.", "He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps.48.", "3. A director; a regulator; that which leads or conducts. Experience is one of our best guides."], "guided": ["GUIDED, pp. Led; conducted; directed in the way; instructed and directed."], "guiding": ["GUIDING, ppr. Leading; conducting; directing; superintending."], "guile": ["GUILE, n. gile. Craft; cunning; artifice; duplicity; deceit; usually in a bad sense.", "We may, with more successful hope, resolve", "To wage by force or guile eternal war.", "Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John.1.", "GUILE, v.t. To disguise craftily."], "guileful": ["GUILEFUL, a. Cunning; drafty; artful; wily; deceitful; insidious; as a guileful person.", "1. Treacherous; deceitful.", "2. Intended to deceive; as guileful words."], "guilefulness": ["GUILEFULNESS, n. Deceit, secret treachery."], "guilt": ["GUILT, n. gilt.", "1. Criminality; that state of a moral agent which results from his actual commission of a crime or offense, knowing it to be a crime, or violation of law. To constitute guilt there must be a moral agent enjoying freedom of will, and capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, and a wilful or intentional violation of a known law, or rule of duty. The guilt of a person exists, as soon as the crime is committed; but to evince it to others, it must be proved by confession, or conviction in due course of law. Guilt renders a person a debtor to the law, as it binds him to pay a penalty in money or suffering. Guilt therefore implies both criminality and liableness to punishment. Guilt may proceed either from a positive act or breach of law, or from voluntary neglect of known duty.", "2. Criminality in a political or civil view; exposure to forfeiture or other penalty.", "A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade.", "3. Crime; offense."], "guiltiness": ["GUILT'INESS, n. The state of being guilty; wickedness; criminality; guilt."], "guilty": ["GUILT'Y, a. gilt'y. Criminal; having knowingly committed a crime or offense, or having violated a law by an overt act or by neglect,and by that act or neglect, being liable to punishment; not innocent. It may be followed by of; as, to be guilty of theft or arson.", "Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife.", "1. Wicked; corrupt; sinful; as a guilty world.", "2. Conscious.", "In Scripture, to be guilty of death, is to have committed a crime which deserves death. Matt.26.", "To be guilty of the body and blood of Christ, is to be chargeable with the crime of crucifying Christ afresh, and offering indignity to his person and righteousness, represented by the symbols of the Lord's supper. 1 Cor.11."], "guiltless": ["GUILT'LESS, a. Free from guilt, crime or offense; innocent.", "The Lord will not hold him guiltless, that taketh his name in vain. Ex.20.", "1. Not produced by the slaughter of animals.", "But from the mountain's grassy side", "A guiltless feast I bring."], "guiltlessness": ["GUILT'LESSNESS, n. Innocence; freedom from guilt or crime."], "gulf": ["GULF, n.", "1. A recess in the ocean from the general line of the shore into the land, or a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea into the land, between two points or promontories; a large bay; as the gulf of Mexico; the gulf of Venice; the gulf of Finland. A gulf and a bay differ only in extent. We apply bay to a large or small recess of the sea, as the bay of Biscay, the bay of Fundy; but gulf is applied only to a large extent of water.", "2. An abyss; a deep place in the earth; as the gulf of Avernus.", "3. A whirlpool; an absorbing eddy.", "4. Any thing insatiable."], "gush": ["GUSH, v.i.", "1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; as, blood gushes from a vein in venesection.", "Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out. Ps.78.", "2. To flow copiously. Tears gushed from her eyes.", "GUSH, v.t. To emit in copious effusion.", "The gaping wound gushed out a crimson flood. Unusual.", "GUSH, n. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed place; an emission of liquor in a large quantity and with force; the fluid thus emitted."], "gushing": ["GUSH'ING, ppr. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as gushing waters.", "1. Emitting copiously; as gushing eyes."], "gutter": ["GUT'TER, n. L. gutta, a drop.", "1. A channel for water; a hollow piece of timber, or a pipe, for catching and conveying off the water which drops from the eaves of a building.", "2. A channel or passage for water; a hollow in the earth for conveying water; and,in popular usage, a channel worn in the earth by a current of water.", "GUT'TER, v.t. To cut or form into small hollows.", "GUT'TER, v.i. To be hollowed or channeled.", "1. To run or sweat as a candle."], "ha": ["HA, an exclamation, denoting surprise, joy or grief. With the first or long sound of a, it is used as a question, and is equivalent to \"What do you say?\" When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, or sometimes it is equivalent to \"Well! it is so.\""], "habergeon": ["HAB'ERGEON, n. A coat of mail or armor to defend the neck and breast. It was formed of little iron rings united, and descended from the neck to the middle of the body."], "habit": ["HAB'IT, n. L. habitus, from habeo,to have to hold. See Have.", "1. Garb; dress; clothes or garments in general.", "The scenes are old, the habits are the same,", "We wore last year.", "There are among the statues, several of Venus,", "in different habits.", "2. A coat worn by ladies over other garments.", "3. State of any thing; implying some continuance or permanence; temperament or particular state of a body, formed by nature or induced by extraneous circumstances; as a costive or lax habit of body; a sanguine habit.", "4. A disposition or condition of the mind or body acquired by custom or a frequent repetition of the same act. Habit is that which is held or retained, the effect of custom or frequent repetition. Hence we speak of good habits and bad habits.", "Frequent drinking of spirits leads to a habit of intemperance. We should endeavor to correct evil habits by a change of practice. A great point in the education of children, is to prevent the formation of bad habits.", "Habit of plants, the general form or appearance, or the conformity of plants of the same kind in structure and growth.", "HAB'IT, v.t. To dress; to clothe; to array.", "They habited themselves like rural deities.", "HAB'IT, v.t. To dwell; to inhabit."], "habitable": ["HAB'ITABLE, a. L. habitabilis, from habito, to dwell.", "That may be inhabited or dwelt in; capable of sustaining human beings; as the habitable world. Some climates are scarcely habitable."], "habitableness": ["HAB'ITABLENESS, n. Capacity of being inhabited."], "habitably": ["HAB'ITABLY, adv. In such a manner as to habitable."], "habitance": ["HAB'ITANCE, n. Dwelling; abode; residence. Not now used."], "habitancy": ["HAB'ITANCY, n. Legal settlement or inhabitancy. See Inhabitancy."], "habitant": ["HAB'ITANT, n. L. habitans. An inhabitant; a dweller; a resident; one who has a permanent abode in a place."], "habitation": ["HABITA'TION, n. L. habitatio, from habito, to dwell, from habeo, to hold, or as we say in English, to keep.", "1. Act of inhabiting; state of dwelling.", "2. Place of abode; a settled dwelling; a mansion; a house or other place in which man or any animal dwells.", "The stars may be the habitations of numerous races of beings.", "The Lord blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov.3."], "habitator": ["HAB'ITATOR, n. L. A dweller; an inhabitant. Not used."], "habited": ["HAB'ITED, a. Clothed; dressed. He was habited like a shepherd.", "1. Accustomed. Not usual."], "had": ["HAD, pret. and pp. of have; contracted from Sax.haefd, that is, haved; as, I had; I have had. In the phrase, \"I had better go,\" it is supposed that had is used for would; \"I'd better go.\" The sense of the phrase is, \"it would be better for me to go.\""], "haft": ["H`AFT, n. L. capio. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel which is taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used. It is used chiefly for the part of a sword or dagger by which it is held; the hilt.", "H`AFT, v.t. To set in a haft; to furnish with a handle."], "hail": ["HAIL, n. Masses of ice or frozen vapor, falling from the clouds in showers or storms. These masses consist of little spherules united, but not all of the same consistence; some being as hard and solid as perfect ice; others soft, like frozen snow. Hailstones assume various figures; some are round, others angular, others pyramidical, others flat, and sometimes they are stellated with six radii, like crystals of snow.", "HAIL, v.i. To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapors.", "HAIL, v.t. To pour.", "HAIL, a. Gr. whole. Sound; whole; healthy; not impaired by disease; as a hail body; hail corn. In this sense, it is usually written hale.", "HAIL, an exclamation, or rather a verb in the imperative mode, being the adjective hail, used as a verb. Hail, be well; be in health; health to you; a term of salutation, equivalent to L. salve, salvete.", "Hail, hail, brave friend.", "HAIL, n. A wish of health; a salutation. This word is sometimes used as a noun; as, the angel hail bestowed.", "HAIL, v.t. L. calo. See Call and Heal. To call; to call to a person at a distance, to arrest his attention. It is properly used in any case where the person accosted is distant, but is appropriately used by seamen. Hoa or hoi, the ship ahoay, is the usual manner of hailing; to which the answer is holloa, or hollo. Then follow the usual questions, whence came ye? where are you bound? &c."], "hailed": ["HA'ILED, pp. Called to from a distance; accosted."], "hailing": ["HA'ILING, ppr. Saluting; calling to from a distance.", "1. Pouring down hail."], "hailstone": ["HA'ILSTONE, n. A single mass of ice falling from a cloud."], "hair": ["HAIR, n.", "1. A small filament issuing from the skin of an animal, and from a bulbous root. Each filament contains a tube or hollow within, occupied by a pulp or pith, which is intended for its nutrition,and extends only to that part which is in a state of growth.", "When hair means a single filament,it has a plural,hairs.", "2. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming an integument or covering; as the hair of the head. Hair is the common covering of many beasts. When the filaments are very fine and short, the collection of them is called fur. Wool, also, is a kind of hair. When hair signifies a collection of these animal filaments, it has no plural.", "3. Any thing very small or fine; or a very small distance; the breadth of a hair. He judges to a hair, that is, very exactly.", "4. A trifling value. It is not worth a hair.", "5. Course; order; grain; the hair falling in a certain direction. Not used.", "You go against the hair of your profession.", "6. Long, straight and distinct filaments on the surface of plants; a species of down or pubescence."], "hairiness": ["HA'IRINESS, n. from hairy. The state of abounding or being covered with hair."], "hairy": ["HA'IRY, a. from hair. Overgrown with hair; covered with hair; abounding with hair.", "Esau, my brother, is a hairy man. Gen.27.", "1. Consisting of hair; as hairy honors.", "2. Resembling hair; of the nature of hair."], "hale": ["HALE, a. Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as a hale body.", "HALE, n. Welfare. Not in use.", "HALE, v.t. To pull or draw with force; to drag. This is now more generally written and pronounced haul, which see. It is always to be pronounced haul."], "haling": ["HALING. See Hauling."], "half": ["H`ALF, n. h`af. plu.halves, pron. h`avz.", "One equal part of a thing which is divided into two parts, either in fact or in contemplation; a moiety; as half a pound; half a tract of land; half an orange; half the miseries or pleasures of life. It is applied to quantity, number, length, and every thing susceptible of division. In practice, of is often or usually omitted after half. We say, half a pound; half a mile; half the number.", "Half the misery of life.", "H`ALF, v.t. To divide into halves. See Halve.", "H`ALF, adv. In part, or in an equal part of degree.", "Half loth, and half consenting.", "In composition, half denotes an equal part; or indefinitely, a part, and hence, imperfect."], "hall": ["HALL, n. L. aula; Heb. a tent, a palace.", "1. In architecture, a large room at the entrance of a house or palace. In the houses of ministers of state, magistrates, &c.,it is the place where they give audience and dispatch business.", "2. An edifice in which courts of justice are held; as Westminster Hall, which was originally a royal palace,the kings of England formerly holding their parliaments and courts of judicature in their own dwellings, as is still the practice in Spain.", "3. A manor-house, in which courts were formerly held.", "4. A college, or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institution.", "5. A room for a corporation or public assembly; as a town-hall; Fanueil Hall in Boston, &c.", "6. A collegiate body in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge."], "hallow": ["HAL'LOW, v.t. L. calleo, to be able.", "1. To make holy; to consecrate; to set apart for holy or religious use. Ex.28.29. 1 Kings 8.", "2. To devote to holy or religious exercises; to treat as sacred.", "Hallow the sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer.17.", "3. To reverence; to honor as sacred.", "Hallowed be thy name."], "hallowed": ["HAL'LOWED, pp. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to religious exercises; treated as sacred; reverenced."], "hallowing": ["HAL'LOWING, ppr. Setting apart for sacred purposes; consecrating; devoting to religious exercises; reverencing."], "halt": ["HALT, v.i.", "1. To stop in walking; to hold. In military affairs, the true sense is retained, to stop in a march. The army halted at noon.", "2. To limp; that is, to stop with lameness.", "3. To hesitate; to stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do.", "How long halt ye between two opinions? 1 Kings 18.", "4. To fail; to falter; as a halting sonnet.", "HALT, v.t. To stop; to cause to cease marching; a military term. The general halted his troops for refreshment.", "HALT, a. Lame; that is, holding or stopping in walking.", "Bring hither the poor, the maimed,the halt, and the blind. Luke 14.", "HALT, n. A stopping; a stop in marching.", "The troops made a halt at the bridge.", "1. The act of limping."], "halting": ["HALT'ING, ppr. Stopping; limping."], "haltingly": ["HALT'INGLY, adv. With limping; slowly."], "ham": ["HAM, Sax.ham, a house, is our modern word home, G.heim. It is used in hamlet, and in the names of places, as in Walt-ham, wood-house, walt, a wood, and ham, a house, not Wal-tham, as it is often pronounced, Bucking-ham, Notting-ham, Wrent-ham, Dur-ham, &c.", "HAM, n. The inner or hind part of the knee; the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh and the leg of an animal. Hence,", "1. The thigh of a beast, particularly of a hog, whether salted and cured or not. But the word is more generally understood to mean the thigh of a hog salted and dried in smoke."], "hammer": ["HAM'MER, n. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like. It consists of an iron head, fixed crosswise to a handle. Hammers are of various sizes; a large hammer used by smiths is called a sledge.", "HAM'MER, v.t. To beat with a hammer; as, to hammer iron or steel.", "1. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating.", "2. To work in the mind; to contrive by intellectual labor; usually with out; as, to hammer out a scheme.", "HAM'MER, v.i. To work; to be busy; to labor in contrivance.", "1. To be working or in agitation."], "hammerable": ["HAM'MERABLE, a. That may be shaped by a hammer."], "hammered": ["HAM'MERED, pp. Beaten with a hammer."], "hammerer": ["HAM'MERER, n. One who works with a hammer."], "hammering": ["HAM'MERING, ppr. Beating with a hammer; working; contriving."], "hand": ["HAND, n. L. hendo, in prehendo.", "1. In man, the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fingers, connected with the arm at the wrist; the part with which we hold and use any instrument.", "2. In falconry, the foot of a hawk; and in the manege, the fore-foot of a horse.", "3. A measure of four inches; a palm applied chiefly to horses; as a horse 14 hands high.", "4. Side; part; right or left; as on the one hand or the other. This is admitted on all hands, that is, on all sides, or by all parties.", "5. Act; deed; performance; external action; that is, the effect for the cause,the hand being the instrument of action.", "Thou sawest the contradiction between my heart and hand.", "6. Power of performance; skill.", "A friend of mine has a very fine hand on the violin.", "He had a mind to try his hand at a Spectator.", "7. Power of making or producing.", "An intelligent being coming out of the hands of infinite perfection.", "8. Manner of acting or performance; as, he changed his hand.", "9. Agency; part in performing or executing. Punish every man who had a hand in the mischief. We see the hand of God in this event.", "10. Conveyance; agency in transmitting.", "11. Possession; power. The estate is in the hands of the owner. The papers are in my hands.", "12. The cards held at a game; hence, a game.", "13. That which performs the office of the hand or of a finger in pointing; as the hand of a clock; the hour hand, and the minute hand.", "14. A person; an agent; a man employed in agency or service. The mason employs twenty hands.", "15. Form of writing; style of penmanship; as a good hand; a bad hand; a fine hand.", "16. Agency; service; ministry. Ex.4. Lev.8.", "17. In Scripture, the hand of God, is his eternal purpose and executive power. Acts.4.", "18. The providential bounty of God. Ps.104.", "19. The power of God exerted in judgments or mercies, in punishing or defending. Judges. 2. Ps.32.", "20. The spirit of God; divine influence. 1 Kings 18.", "21. The favor of God, or his support. Neh.2. Luke 1.", "At hand, near; either present and within reach, or not far distant.", "Your husband is at hand, I hear his trumpet.", "1. Near in time; not distant.", "The day of Christ is at hand. 2 Thess.2.", "By hand, with the hands,in distinction from the instrumentality of tools, engines or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw or carry by hand.", "In hand, present payment; in respect to the receiver.", "Receiving in hand one year's tribute.", "1. In a state of execution. I have a great work in hand.", "At my hand, at his hand, &c., denote from the person or being.", "Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? Job.2.", "Of hand, in present possession; as,he has a supply of goods on hand.", "1. Under one's care or management.", "Jupiter had a farm on his hands.", "Off hand, without delay, hesitation or difficulty; immediately; dexterously; without previous preparation.", "Out of hand, ready payment; with regard to the payer.", "Let not the wages of any man tarry with thee; but give it him out of hand.", "To his hand, to my hand, &c., in readiness; already prepared; ready to be received.", "The work is made to his hands.", "Under his hand, under her hand, &c., with the proper writing or signature of the name.", "This deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.", "Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. Little used.", "Hand over hand, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another, as to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly, as to come up with a chase hand over hand; ;used by seamen.", "Hand to hand, in close union; close fight.", "But from hand to hand is from one person to another.", "Hand in hand, in union; conjointly; unitedly.", "To join hand in hand, is to unite efforts and act in concert.", "Hand in hand, fit; pat; suitable.", "Hand to mouth. To live from hand to mouth, is to obtain food and other necessaries, as want requires, without making previous provision, or having an abundant previous supply.", "To bear in hand, to keep in expectation; to elude. Not used.", "To bear a hand, to hasten; a seaman's phrase.", "To be hand and glove, to be intimate and familiar, as friends or associates.", "To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake.", "That the Lord thy God may bless thee, in all thou", "settest thine hand to. Dest.23.", "To take in hand, to attempt; to undertake. Luke 1. Also, to seize and deal with.", "To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency in.", "To put the last hand or finishing hand to, to complete; to perfect; to make the last corrections, or give the final polish.", "To change hands, to change sides; to shift.", "Hand, in the sense of rate, price, terms, conditions, as used by Bacon, Taylor, &c., is obsolete; as, \"to buy at a dear hand;\" \"accept the mystery, but at no hand wrest it by pride or ignorance.\" So in the sense of advantage, gain, superiority, as used by Hayward; and in that of competition, content, as used by Shakespeare.", "To get hand, to gain influence, is obsolete.", "A heavy hand, severity or oppression.", "A light hand, gentleness; moderation.", "A strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government.", "Hands off, a vulgar phrase for keep off, forbear.", "pour water on the hands, in the phraseology of the Scriptures, is to serve or minister to. 2 Kings 3.", "To wash the hands, to profess in innocence. Matt.27.", "To kiss the hand, imports adoration. Job.31.", "To lean on the hand, imports familiarity. 2 Kings.5.", "To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. Prov.17.", "Putting the hand under the thigh, was an ancient ceremony used in swearing.", "To give the hand, is to make a covenant with one, or to unite with him in design. 2 Kings.10.", "The stretching out of the hand, denotes an exertion of power. But,", "The stretching out of the hand to God, imports earnest prayer or solemn dedication of one's self to him. Ps.68, and 143.", "The lifting of the hand, was used in affirmation and swearing, and in prayer imported a solemn wishing of blessings from God. Gen.14. Lev.19.", "To lift the hand against a superior, to rebel. 2 Sam.20.", "To put forth the hand against one, to kill him. 1 Sam.24.", "To put one's hand to a neighbor's goods, to steal them. Ex.22.", "To lay hands on in anger, to assault or seize, or to smite. Ex.24. Is.11.", "To lay the hand on the mouth, imports silence. Job.40.", "The laying on of hands, was also a ceremony used in consecrating one to office. Num.27. 1 Tim.4.", "It was also used in blessing persons. Mark 10.", "Hiding the hand in the bosom, denotes idleness; inactivity; sluggishness. Prov.19.", "The clapping of hands, denotes joy and rejoicing. But in some instances, contempt or derision, or joy at the calamities of others. Ps.47. Ezek.25.", "A station at the right hand is honorable, and denotes favor, approbation or honor. A station on the left hand is less honorable. Matt.20.", "'s standing at the right hand of men, imports his regard for them, and his readiness to defend and assist them. Ps.16.", "Satan's standing at the right hand of men, imports his readiness to accuse them, or to hinder or torment them. Zech.3.", "Clean hands, denotes innocence and a blameless and holy life. Ps.24.", "A slack hand, denotes idleness; carelessness; sloth. Prov.10.", "The right hand, denotes power; strength. Ex.15.", "HAND, v.t. To give or transmit with the hand.", "Hand me a book.", "1. To lead, guide and lift with the hand; to conduct.", "2. To manage; as, I hand my oar.", "3. To seize; to lay hands on. Not used.", "4. In seamanship, to furl; to wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and fasten it with gaskets.", "To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor. Fables are handed down from age to age."], "handed": ["HAND'ED, pp. Given or transmitted by the hands; conducted; furled.", "HAND'ED, a. With hands joined.", "1. In composition, as right-handed,most dextrous or strong with the right hand; having the right hand most able and ready.", "Left-handed,having the left hand most strong and convenient for principal use."], "handful": ["HAND'FUL, n. As much as the hand will grasp or contain.", "1. As much as the arms will embrace.", "2. A palm; four inches.", "3. A small quantity or number. A handful of men.", "4. As much as can be done; full employment.", "In America, the phrase is,he has his hands full."], "handbreadth": ["HAND'BREADTH, n. A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex.25."], "handkerchief": ["HAND'KERCHIEF, n. hand and kerchief. See Kerchief.", "1. A piece of cloth, usually silk or linen, carried about the person for the purpose of cleaning the face or hands, as occasion requires.", "2. A piece of cloth to be worn about the neck, and sometimes called a neckerchief."], "handle": ["HAND'LE, v.t. L. manus.", "1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.", "The bodies we daily handle--hinder the approach of the part of our hands that press them.", "2. To manage; to use; to wield.", "That fellow handles a bow like a crow-keeper.", "3. To make familiar by frequent touching.", "The breeders in Flanders--handle their colts six months every year.", "4. To treat; to discourse on; to discuss; to use or manage in writing or speaking. The author handled the subject with address. The speaker handled the arguments to the best advantage.", "5. To use; to deal with; to practice.", "They that handle the law knew me not. Jer.2.", "6. To treat; to use well or ill.", "How wert thou handled?", "7. To manage; to practice on; to transact with.", "You shall see how I will handle her.", "HAND'LE, n. L. ansa.", "1. That part of a vessel or instrument which is held in the hand when used, as the haft of a sword,the bail of a kettle, &c.", "2. That of which use is made; the instrument of effecting a purpose."], "handled": ["HAND'LED, pp. Touched; treated; managed."], "handling": ["HAND'LING, ppr. Touching; feeling; treating; managing."], "handmaiden": ["HAND'MAIDEN, n. A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant."], "handwriting": ["HAND'WRITING, n. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person.", "1. Any writing."], "hang": ["HANG, v.t. pret. and pp. hanged or hung.", "1. To suspend; to fasten to some fixed object above, in such a manner as to swing or move; as, to hang a thief. Pharaoh hanged the chief baker. Hence,", "2. To put to death by suspending by the neck.", "Many men would rebel, rather than be ruined; but they would rather not rebel than be hanged.", "3. To place without any solid support or foundation.", "He hangeth the earth upon nothing. Job.36.", "4. To fix in such a manner as to be movable; as, to hang a door or grate on hooks or by butts.", "5. To cover or furnish by any thing suspended or fastened to the walls; as, to hang an apartment with curtains or with pictures.", "Hung by the heavens with black--", "And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils.", "To hang out, to suspend in open view; to display; to exhibit to notice; as, to hang out false colors.", "1. To hang abroad; to suspend in the open air.", "hang over, to project or cause to project above.", "To hang down, to let fall below the proper situation; to bend down; to decline; as, to hand down the head, and elliptically, to hang the head.", "To hang up, to suspend; to place on something fixed on high.", "1. To suspend; to keep or suffer to remain undecided; as, to hang up a question in debate.", "HANG, v.i. To be suspended; to be sustained by something above, so as to swing or be movable below.", "1. To dangle; to be loose and flowing below.", "2. To bend forward or downward; to lean or incline.", "His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung.", "3. To float; to play.", "And fall those sayings from that gentle tongue,", "Where civil speech and soft persuasion hung.", "4. To be supported by something raised above the ground; as a hanging garden on the top of a house.", "5. To depend; to rest on something for support. This question hangs on a single point.", "6. To rest on by embracing; to cling to; as, to hang on the neck of a person.", "Two infants hanging on her neck.", "7. To hover; to impend; with over.", "View the dangers that hang over the country.", "8. To be delayed; to linger.", "A noble stroke he lifted high,", "Which hung not.", "9. To incline; to have a steep declivity; as hanging grounds.", "10. To be executed by the halter.", "Sir Balaam hangs.", "To hang fire, in the military art, is to be slow in communicating, as fire in the pan of a gun to the charge.", "To hang on, to adhere to, often as something troublesome and unwelcome.", "A cheerful temper dissipates the apprehensions which hang on the timorous.", "1. To adhere obstinately; to be importunate.", "2. To rest; to reside; to continue.", "3. To be dependent on.", "How wretched", "Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors!", "4. In seamen's language, to hold fast without belaying; to pull forcibly.", "To hang in doubt, to be in suspense, or in a state of uncertainty.", "Thy life shall hang in doubt before thee. Deut.28.", "hang together, to be closely united; to cling.", "In the common cause we are all of a piece; we hang together.", "1. To be just united, so as barely to hold together.", "To hang on or upon, to drag; to be incommodiously jointed.", "Life hangs upon me and becomes a burden.", "To hang to, to adhere closely; to cling.", "HANG, n. A sharp declivity."], "hanged": ["HANG'ED, pp. Suspended; put to death by being suspended by the neck."], "hanging": ["HANG'ING, ppr. Suspending to something above.", "1. Being suspended; dangling; swinging.", "2. Foreboding death by the halter.", "What a hanging face!", "3. Requiring punishment by the halter; as a hanging matter.", "HANG'ING, n. Any kind of drapery hung or fastened to the walls or a room, by way of ornament.", "No purple hangings clothe the palace walls.", "1. Death by the halter; as hard words or hanging.", "2. Display; exhibition."], "hap": ["HAP, n. L. capio.", "1. That which comes suddenly or unexpectedly; chance; fortune; accident; casual event. See Chance and Casual.", "Whether art it was or heedless hap.", "Curs'd by good haps,and curs'd be they that build", "Their hopes on haps.", "2. Misfortune. But this word is obsolete or obsolescent, except in compounds and derivatives.", "HAP, v.i. To happen; to befall; to come by chance."], "haply": ["HAP'LY, adv. By chance; perhaps; it may be.", "Lest haply ye be found to fight against God. Acts.5.", "1. By accident; casually."], "happen": ["HAP'PEN, v.i. hap'n.", "1. To come by chance; to come without one's previous expectation; to fall out.", "There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov.12.", "2. To come; to befall.", "They talked together of all those things which had happened. Luke 24.", "3. To light; to fall or come unexpectedly.", "I have happened on some other accounts relating to mortalities."], "happiness": ["HAP'PINESS, n. from happy. The agreeable sensations which spring from the enjoyment of good; that state of a being in which his desires are gratified, by the enjoyment of pleasure without pain; felicity; but happiness usually expresses less than felicity, and felicity less than bliss. Happiness is comparative. To a person distressed with pain, relief from that pain affords happiness; in other cases we give the name happiness to positive pleasure or an excitement of agreeable sensations. Happiness therefore admits of indefinite degrees of increase in enjoyment, or gratification of desires. Perfect happiness, or pleasure unalloyed with pain, is not attainable in this life.", "2. Good luck; good fortune.", "3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace.", "For there's a happiness as well as care."], "happy": ["HAP'PY a. from hap.", "1. Lucky; fortunate; successful.", "Chimists have been more happy in finding experiments, than the causes of them.", "So we say, a happy thought; a happy expedient.", "2. Being in the enjoyment of agreeable sensations from the possession of good; enjoying pleasure from the gratification of appetites or desires. The pleasurable sensations derived from the gratification of sensual appetites render a person temporarily happy; but he only can be esteemed really and permanently happy, who enjoys peace of mind in the favor of God. To be in any degree happy, we must be free from pain both of body and of mind; to be very happy, we must be in the enjoyment of lively sensations of pleasure, either of body or mind.", "Happy am I, for the daughters will call me blessed. Gen.30.", "He found himself happiest, in communicating happiness to others.", "3. Prosperous; having secure possession of good.", "Happy is that people whose God is Jehovah. Ps.144.", "4. That supplies pleasure; that furnishes enjoyment; agreeable; applied to things; as a happy condition.", "5. Dexterous; ready; able.", "One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a rejoinder.", "6. Blessed; enjoying the presence and favor of God, in a future life.", "7. Harmonious; living in concord; enjoying the pleasures of friendship; as a happy family.", "8. Propitious; favorable."], "har": ["HAR, HARE, HERE, in composition, signify an army, Sax. here, G. heer, D. heir. So Harold is a general of an army; Herwin, a victorious army."], "harness": ["H`ARNESS, n.", "1. Armor; the whole accouterments or equipments of a knight or horseman; originally perhaps defensive armor, but in a more modern and enlarged sense, the furniture of a military man,or offensive, as a casque, cuirass,helmet, girdle, sword,buckler, &c.", "2. The furniture of a draught horse, whether for a wagon, coach, gig, chaise, &c., called in some of the American states, tackle or tackling, with which, in its primary sense, it is synonymous.", "H`ARNESS, v.t. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman.", "Harnessed in rugged steel.", "1. To put on the furniture of a horse for draught.", "Harness the horses. Jer.46.", "2. To defend; to equip or furnish for defense. 1 Macc.4."], "harnessed": ["H`ARNESSED, pp. Equipped with armor; furnished with the dress for draught; defended."], "harnessing": ["H`ARNESSING, ppr. Putting on armor or furniture for draught."], "hard": ["H`ARD, a.", "1. Firm; solid; compact; not easily penetrated, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.", "2. Difficult; not easy to the intellect.", "In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Pet.3.", "The hard causes they brought to Moses. Ex. 18.", "3. Difficult of accomplishment; not easy to be done or executed. A hard task; a disease hard to cure.", "Is any thing too hard for the Lord? Gen.18.", "4. Full of difficulties or obstacles; not easy to be traveled; as a hard way.", "5. Painful; difficult; distressing.", "Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor. Gen.35.", "6. Laborious; fatiguing; attended with difficulty or pain, or both; as hard work or labor; hard duty; hard service.", "7. Oppressive; rigorous; severe; cruel; as hard bondage; a hard master. Ex.1. Is. 14.", "8. Unfeeling; insensible; not easily moved by pity; not susceptible of kindness, mercy or other tender affections; as a hard heart.", "9. Severe; harsh; rough; abusive.", "Have you given him any hard words of late?", "10. Unfavorable; unkind; implying blame of another; as hard thoughts.", "11. Severe; rigorous; oppressive. The enemy was compelled to submit to hard terms. So we say, a hard bargain; hard conditions.", "12. Unreasonable; unjust. It is hard to punish a man for speculative opinions. It is a hard case.", "13. Severe; pinching with cold; rigorous; tempestuous; as a hard winter; hard weather.", "14. Powerful; forcible; urging; pressing close on.", "The stag was too hard for the horse.", "The disputant was too hard for his antagonist.", "15. Austere; rough; acid; sour; as liquors.", "The cider is hard.", "16. Harsh; stiff; forced; constrained; unnatural.", "Others--make the figures harder than the marble itself.", "His diction is hard, his figures too bold.", "17. Not plentiful; not prosperous; pressing; distressing; as hard times, when markets are bad, and money of course scarce.", "18. Avaricious; difficult in making bargains; close. Matt.25.", "19. Rough; of coarse features; as a hard face or countenance.", "20. Austere; severe; rigorous.", "21. Rude; unpolished or unintelligible.", "A people of hard language. Ezek.3.", "22. Coarse; unpalatable or scanty; as hard fare.", "H`ARD, adv. Close; near; as in the phrase,hard by. In this phrase,the word retains its original sense of pressed, or pressing.", "L. pressus.", "1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; laboriously; earnestly; vehemently; importunately; as, to work hard for a living.", "And pray'd so hard for mercy from the prince.", "2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.", "3. Uneasily; vexatiously.", "4. Closely; so as to raise difficulties.", "The question is hard set.", "5. Fast; nimbly; rapidly; vehemently; as, to run hard, that is, with pressure or urgency.", "6. Violently; with great force; tempestuously; as, the wind blows hard, or it blows hard.", "7. With violence; with a copious descent of water; as, it rains hard.", "8. With force; as, to press hard.", "Hard-a-lee, in seamen's language, an order to put the helm close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head to the wind; also, that situation of the helm.", "Hard-a-weather, an order to put the helm close to the weather or windward side of the ship; also, that position of the helm.", "Hard-a-port, an order to put the helm close to the larboard side of a ship.", "Hard-a-starboard, an order to put the helm close to the starboard side of a ship."], "hardness": ["H`ARDNESS, n. See Hard. Firmness; close union of the component parts; compactness; solidity; the quality of bodies which resists impression; opposed to softness and fluidity.", "1. Difficulty to be understood.", "2. Difficulty to be executed or accomplished; as the hardness of an enterprise.", "3. Scarcity; penury; difficulty of obtaining money; as the hardness of the times.", "4. Obduracy; impenitence; confirmed state of wickedness; as hardness of heart.", "5. Coarseness of features; harshness of look; as hardness of favor.", "6. Severity of cold; rigor; as the hardness of winter.", "7. Cruelty of temper; savageness; harshness.", "The blame", "May hang upon your hardness.", "8. Stiffness; harshness; roughness; as the hardnesses of sculpture.", "9. Closeness; niggardliness; stinginess.", "10. Hardship; severe labor, trials or sufferings.", "Endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. 2 Tim.2."], "hards": ["H`ARDS, n. The refuse or coarse part of flax; tow."], "harden": ["H`ARDEN, v.t. h`ardn. To make hard or more hard; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden iron or steel; to harden clay.", "1. To confirm in effrontery; to make impudent; as, to harden the face.", "2. To make obstinate, unyielding or refractory; as, to harden the neck. Jer.19.", "3. To confirm in wickedness, opposition or enmity; to make obdurate.", "Why then do ye harden your hearts, as Pharaoh and the Egyptians hardened their hearts? 1 Sam.6.", "So God is said to harden the heart, when he withdraws the influences of his spirit from men, and leaves them to pursue their own corrupt inclinations.", "4. To make insensible or unfeeling; as, to harden one against impressions of pity or tenderness.", "5. To make firm; to endure with constancy.", "I would harden myself in sorrow. Job.6.", "6. To inure; to render firm or less liable to injury, by exposure or use; as, to harden to a climate or to labor.", "H`ARDEN, v.i. h`ardn. To become hard or more hard; to acquire solidity or more compactness. Mortar hardens by drying.", "1. To become unfeeling.", "2. To become inured.", "3. To indurate, as flesh."], "hardened": ["H`ARDENED, pp. Made hard, or more hard or compact; made unfeeling; made obstinate; confirmed in error or vice."], "hardener": ["H`ARDENER, n. He or that which makes hard, or more firm and compact."], "hardening": ["H`ARDENING, ppr. Making hard or more compact; making obdurate or unfeeling; confirming; becoming more hard.", "H`ARDENING, n. The giving a greater degree of hardness to bodies than they had before."], "hardhearted": ["HARDHE`ARTED, a. Cruel; pitiless; merciless; unfeeling; inhuman; inexorable."], "hardly": ["H`ARDLY, adv. See Hard. With difficulty; with great labor.", "Recovering hardly what he lost before.", "1. Scarcely; barely; almost not.", "Hardly shall you find any one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good.", "2. Not quite or wholly. The object is so distant we can hardly see it. The veal is hardly done. The writing is hardly completed.", "3. Grudgingly, as an injury.", "4. Severely; unfavorably; as, to think hardly of public measures.", "5. Rigorously; oppressively. The prisoners were hardly used or treated.", "6. Unwelcomely; harshly.", "Such information comes very hardly and harshly to a grown man.", "7. Coarsely; roughly; not softly.", "Heaven was her canopy, bare earth her bed;", "So hardly lodged."], "hare": ["HARE, n. A quadruped of the genus Lepus, with long ears, a short tail, soft hair, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, often hunted for sport or for its flesh, which is excellent food. It moves by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity.", "1. A constellation.", "HARE, v.t. To fright, or to excite, tease and harass, or worry. Not used. See Harry."], "harlot": ["H`ARLOT, n.", "1. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman.", "2. In Scripture, one who forsakes the true God and worships idols. Is.1.", "3. A servant; a rogue; a cheat.", "H`ARLOT, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base.", "H`ARLOT, v.i. To practice lewdness."], "harm": ["H`ARM, n.", "1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment.", "Do thyself no harm. Acts.16.", "He shall make amends for the harm he hath done in the holy thing. Lev.5.", "2. Moral wrong; evil; mischief; wickedness; a popular sense of the word.", "H`ARM, v.t. To hurt; to injure; to damage; to impair soundness of body, either animal or vegetable."], "harmed": ["H`ARMED, pp. Injured; hurt; damaged."], "harmful": ["H`ARMFUL, a. Hurtful; injurious; noxious; detrimental; mischievous.", "The earth brought forth fruit and food for man, without any mixture of harmful quality."], "harmfulness": ["H`ARMFULNESS, n. Hurtfulness; noxiousness."], "harming": ["H`ARMING, ppr. Hurting; injuring."], "harmless": ["H`ARMLESS, a. Not hurtful or injurious; innoxious. Ceremonies are harmless in themselves.", "1. Unhurt; undamaged; uninjured; as, to give bond to save another harmless.", "2. Innocent; not guilty.", "Who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners. Heb.7."], "harmlessness": ["H`ARMLESSNESS, n. The quality of being innoxious; freedom from a tendency to injure.", "1. Innocence."], "harp": ["H`ARP, n.", "1. An instrument of music of the stringed kind, of a triangular figure, held upright and commonly touched with the fingers.", "2. A constellation.", "H`ARP, v.i. To play on the harp.", "I heard the voice of harpers,harping with their harps. Rev.14.", "1. To dwell on, in speaking or writing; to continue sounding.", "He seems", "Proud and disdainful,harping on what I am--", "Not what he knew I was.", "2. To touch as a passion; to affect."], "harping": ["H`ARPING, ppr. Playing on a harp; dwelling on continually.", "H`ARPING, n. A continual dwelling on.", "Making infinite merriment by harpings upon old themes.", "H`ARPING, n. plu. harpings. In ships, harpings are the fore-parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of the ship,and are fastened to the stem. Their use is to strengthen the ship, in the place where she sustains the greatest shock in plunging into the sea.", "Cat-harpings, are ropes which serve to brace in the shrouds of the lower masts, behind their respective yards."], "harper": ["H`ARPER, n. A player on the harp."], "harrow": ["HAR'ROW, n. An instrument of agriculture, formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other, and set with iron teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, and to cover seed when sown.", "HAR'ROW, v.t. To draw a harrow over, for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed sown; as, to harrow land or ground.", "1. To break or tear with a harrow.", "Will he harrow the valleys after thee? Job.39.", "2. To tear; to lacerate; to torment.", "I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word", "Would harrow up thy soul--", "3. To pillage; to strip; to lay waste by violence. Not used.", "4. To disturb; to agitate."], "harrowed": ["HAR'ROWED, pp. Broken or smoothed by a harrow."], "harrower": ["HAR'ROWER, n. One who harrows.", "1. A hawk."], "harrowing": ["HAR'ROWING, ppr. Breaking or leveling with a harrow."], "hart": ["H`ART, n. A stag or male deer, an animal of the cervine genus."], "harvest": ["H`ARVEST, n. L. acerbus.", "1. The season of reaping and gathering in corn or other crops. It especially refers to the time of collecting corn or grain, which is the chief food of men, as wheat and rye. In Egypt and Syria, the wheat harvest is in April and May; in the south of Europe and of the United States, in June; in the Northern states of America, in July; and in the north of Europe,in August and September. In the United States,the harvest of maiz is mostly in October.", "2. The ripe corn or grain collected and secured in barns or stacks. The harvest this year is abundant.", "3. The product of labor; fruit or fruits.", "Let us the harvest of our labor eat.", "4. Fruit or fruits; effects; consequences.", "He that sows iniquity will reap a harvest of woe.", "5. In Scripture, harvest signifies figuratively the proper season for business.", "He that sleepeth in harvest, is a son that causeth shame. Prov.10.", "Also, a people whose sins have ripened them for judgment. Joel 3.", "Also, the end of the world. Matt.13.", "Also, a seasonable time for instructing men in the gospel. Matt.9.", "H`ARVEST, v.t. To reap or gather ripe corn and other fruits for the use of man and beast."], "hast": ["HAST, the second person singular of have, I have, thou hast, contracted from havest. It is used only in the solemn style."], "haste": ["HASTE, n.", "1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals; never to other bodies. We never say, a ball flies with haste.", "The king's business required haste. l Sam.21.", "2. Sudden excitement of passion; quickness; precipitance; vehemence.", "I said in my haste, all men are liars. Ps.116.", "3. The state of being urged or pressed by business; as, I am in great haste.", "HASTE"], "hastings": ["HASTINGS, n. from hasty. Peas that come early."], "hasten": ["HASTEN, v.t. To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate movement.", "I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps.55."], "hastened": ["HASTENED, pp. Moved rapidly; accelerated; urged with speed."], "hastener": ["HASTENER, n. One that hastens or urges forward."], "hastening": ["HASTENING, ppr. Urging forward; pushing on; proceeding rapidly.", "That state is hastening to ruin, in which no difference is made between good and bad men."], "hastily": ["HASTILY, adv. See Hasty. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.", "Half clothed, half naked, hastily retire.", "1. Rashly; precipitately; without due reflection.", "We hastily engaged in the war.", "2. Passionately; under sudden excitement of passion."], "hastiness": ["HASTINESS, n. Haste; speed; quickness or celerity in motion or action, as of animals.", "1. Rashness; heedless eagerness; precipitation. Our hastiness to engage in the war caused deep regret.", "2. Irritability; susceptibility of anger, warmth or temper."], "hasty": ["HASTY, a. Quick; speedy; opposed to slow.", "Be not hasty to go out of his sight. Eccles.8.", "1. Eager precipitate; rash; opposed to deliberate.", "Seest thou a man that is hasty in his words?", "There is more hope of a fool than of him. Prov.29.", "2. Irritable; easily excited to wrath; passionate.", "He that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly. Prov.14.", "3. Early ripe; forward; as hasty fruit. Is.28."], "hat": ["HAT, n.", "1. A covering for the head; a garment made of different materials, and worn by men or women for defending the head from rain or heat, or for ornament. Hats for men are usually made of fur or wool, and formed with a crown and brim. Hats for females are made of straw or grass braid, and various other materials. Of these the ever varying forms admit of no description that can long be correct.", "2. The dignity of a cardinal."], "hatted": ["HAT'TED, a. from hat. Covered with a hat; wearing a hat."], "hatch": ["HATCH, v.t.", "1. To produce young from eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat. In Egypt, chickens are hatched by artificial heat.", "The partridge sitteth on eggs and hatcheth them not. Jer. 17.", "2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce in silence; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy.", "HATCH, v.t. To shade by lines in drawing and engraving.", "Those hatching strokes of the pencil.", "1. To steep.", "HATCH, v.i. To produce young; to bring the young to maturity. Eggs will not hatch without a due degree and continuance of heat.", "HATCH, n. A brood; as many chickens as are produced at once, or by one incubation.", "1. The act of exclusion from the egg.", "2. Disclosure; discovery.", "HATCH, or HATCHES, n.", "1. Properly, the grate or frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's deck, now called hatch-bars. The lid or cover of a hatchway is also called hatches.", "2. The opening in a ship's deck, or the passage from one deck to another, the name of the grate itself being used for the opening; but this is more properly called the hatchway.", "3. A half-door, or door with an opening over it.", "4. Floodgates.", "5. In Cornwall, Eng. openings into mines, or in search of them.", "6. To be under the hatches, to be confined, or to be in distress, depression or slavery."], "hate": ["HATE, v.t. L. odi, for hodi.", "1. To dislike greatly; to have a great aversion to. It expresses less than abhor, detest, and abominate, unless pronounced with a peculiar emphasis.", "How long will fools hate knowledge? Prov.1.", "Blessed are ye when men shall hate you. Luke 6.", "The Roman tyrant was contented to be hated, if he was but feared.", "2. In Scripture, it signifies to love less.", "If any man come to me, and hate not father and mother, &c. Luke 14.", "He that spareth the rod, hateth his son. Prov. 13.", "HATE, n. Great dislike or aversion; hatred."], "hated": ["HA'TED, pp. Greatly disliked."], "hateful": ["HA'TEFUL, a. Odious; exciting great dislike, aversion or disgust. All sin is hateful in the sight of God and of good men.", "1. That feels hatred; malignant; malevolent.", "And, worse than death, to view with hateful eyes", "His rival's conquest."], "hatefulness": ["HA'TEFULNESS, n. Odiousness; the quality of being hateful, or of exciting aversion or disgust."], "hating": ["HA'TING, ppr. Disliking extremely; entertaining a great aversion for."], "hatefully": ["HA'TEFULLY, adv. Odiously; with great dislike.", "1. Malignantly; maliciously. Ezek. 23."], "hater": ["HA'TER, n. One that hates.", "An enemy to God, and hater of all good."], "hatred": ["HA'TRED, n. Great dislike or aversion; hate; enmity. Hatred is an aversion to evil, and may spring from utter disapprobation, as the hatred of vice or meanness; or it may spring from offenses or injuries done by fellow men, or from envy or jealousy, in which case it is usually accompanied with malevolence or malignity. Extreme hatred is abhorrence or detestation."], "haughtily": ["HAUGHTILY, adv. hau'tily. See Haught and Haughty.", "Proudly; arrogantly; with contempt or disdain; as, to speak or behave haughtily.", "Her heavenly form too haughtily she prized."], "haughtiness": ["HAUGHTINESS, n. hau'tiness. The quality of being haughty; pride mingled with some degree of contempt for others; arrogance.", "I will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible. Is.13."], "haughty": ["HAUGHTY, a. hau'ty. from haught.", "1. Proud and disdainful; having a high opinion of one's self, with some contempt for others; lofty and arrogant; supercilious.", "His wife was a woman of a haughty and imperious nature.", "A haughty spirit goeth before a fall. Prov.16.", "2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride mingled with contempt; manifesting pride and disdain; as a haughty air or walk.", "3. Proud and imperious; as a haughty nation.", "4. Lofty; bold; of high hazard; as a haughty enterprise."], "haunt": ["H`AUNT, v.t.", "1. To frequent; to resort to much or often, or to be much about; to visit customarily.", "Celestial Venus haunts Idalia's groves.", "2. To come to frequently; to intrude on; to trouble with frequent visits; to follow importunately.", "You wrong me, Sir, thus still to haunt my house.", "Those cares that haunt the court and town.", "3. It is particularly applied to specters or apparitions, which are represented by fear and credulity as frequenting or inhabiting old, decayed and deserted houses.", "Foul spirits haunt my resting place.", "H`AUNT, v.i. To be much about; to visit or be present often.", "I've charged thee not to haunt about my door.", "H`AUNT, n. A place to which one frequently resorts. Taverns are often the haunts of tipplers. A den is the haunt of wild beasts.", "1. The habit or custom of resorting to a place. Not used.", "2. Custom; practice."], "haunted": ["H`AUNTED, pp. Frequently visited or resorted to, especially by apparitions.", "1. Troubled by frequent visits."], "haunting": ["H`AUNTING, ppr. Frequenting; visiting often; troubling with frequent visits."], "have": ["HAVE, v.t. hav. pret. and pp. had. Present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they, have. L. habeo.", "1. To possess; to hold in possession or power.", "How many loaves have ye? Matt.15.", "He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex.16.", "I have no Levite to my priest. Judges 17.", "To have and to hold, terms in a deed of conveyance.", "2. To possess, as something that is connected with, or belongs to one.", "Have ye a father? Have ye another brother? Gen.43, and 44.", "--Sheep that have no shepherd. l Kings 22.", "3. To marry; to take for a wife or husband.", "In the resurrection, whose wife shall she be of the seven? for they all had her. Matt.22.", "4. To hold; to regard. Thus, to have in honor, is to hold in esteem; to esteem; to honor.", "To have in derision or contempt, to hold in derision or contempt; to deride; to despise.", "5. To maintain; to hold in opinion.", "Sometimes they will have them to be the natural heat; sometimes they will have them to be the qualities of the tangible parts.", "6. To be urged by necessity or obligation; to be under necessity, or impelled by duty.", "I have to visit twenty patients every day.", "We have to strive against temptations.", "We have to encounter strong prejudices.", "The nation has to pay the interest of an immense debt.", "7. To seize and hold; to catch. The hound has him. The original, but now a vulgar use of the word.", "8. To contain. The work has many beauties and many faults.", "9. To gain; to procure; to receive; to obtain; to purchase. I had this cloth very cheap.", "He has a guinea a month.", "He has high wages for his services.", "Had rather, denotes wish or preference.", "I had rather be a door-keeper in the house of my God, than dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps.84.", "Is not this phrase a corruption of would rather?", "To have after, to pursue. Not much used, nor elegant.", "To have away, to remove; to take away.", "To have at, to encounter; to assail; as, to have at him; to have at you. Legitimate, but vulgar.", "To enter into competition with; to make trial with.", "Dryden uses in a like sense, have with you; but these uses are inelegant.", "To have in, to contain.", "To have on, to wear; to carry; as raiment or weapons.", "He saw a man who had not on a wedding garment. Matt.22.", "To have out, to cause to depart. 2 Sam.13.", "To have a care, to take care; to be on the guard, or to guard.", "To have pleasure,to enjoy.", "To have pain, to suffer.", "To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted.", "With would and should.", "He would have, he desires to have, or he requires.", "He should have, he ought to have.", "But the various uses of have in such phrases,and its uses as an auxiliary verb, are fully explained in grammars. As an auxiliary, it assists in forming the perfect tense, as I have formed, thou hast formed, he hath or has formed, we have formed, and the prior-past tense, as I had seen, thou hadst seen, he had seen."], "having": ["HAV'ING, ppr. from have. Possessing; holding in power or possession; containing; gaining; receiving; taking.", "HAV'ING, n. Possession; goods; estate. Not in use.", "1. The act or state of possessing."], "haven": ["HA'VEN,n. ha'vn.", "1. A harbor; a port; a bay, recess or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river which affords good anchorage and a safe station for ships; any place in which ships can be sheltered by the land from the force of tempests and a violent sea.", "2. A shelter; an asylum; a place of safety."], "havener": ["HA'VENER, n. The overseer of a port; a harbor-master. Not used."], "havock": ["HAV'OCK, n. Waste; devastation; wide and general destruction.", "Ye gods! what havock does ambition make", "Among your works.", "As for Saul, he made havock of the church. Acts.8.", "HAV'OCK, v.t. To waste; to destroy; to lay waste.", "To waste and havock yonder world."], "hawk": ["HAWK, n. A genus of fowls, the Falco, of many species, having a crooked beak, furnished with a cere at the base, a cloven tongue, and the head thick set with feathers. Most of the species are rapacious, feeding on birds or other small animals. Hawks were formerly trained for sport or catching small birds.", "HAWK, v.i. To catch or attempt to catch birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.", "He that hawks at larks and sparrows.", "A falc'ner Henry is, when Emma hawks.", "1. To fly at; to attack on the wing; with at.", "To hawk at flies.", "HAWK, v.i. To make an effort to force up phlegm with noise; as, to hawk and spit.", "To hawk up, transitively; as, to hawk up phlegm.", "HAWK, n. An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.", "HAWK, v.t. L. auctio, auction, a sale by outcry. To cry; to offer for sale by outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets."], "hawked": ["HAWK'ED, pp. Offered for sale by outcry in the street.", "1. Crooked; curving like a hawk's bill."], "hawking": ["HAWK'ING, ppr. Catching wild birds by hawks.", "1. Making an effort to discharge phlegm.", "2. Offering for sale in the street by outcry.", "HAWK'ING, n. The exercise of taking wild fowls by means of hawks."], "hay": ["HAY, n. Grass cut and dried for fodder; grass prepared for preservation.", "Make hay while the sun shines.", "To dance the hay, to dance in a ring.", "HAY, v.t. To dry or cure grass for preservation.", "HAY, n. A hedge.", "1. A net which incloses the haunt of an animal.", "HAY, v.t. To lay snares for rabbits."], "hazard": ["HAZ'ARD, n. L. casus, a fall, and ard, the common termination.", "1. Chance; accident; casualty; a fortuitous event; that which falls or comes suddenly or unexpectedly, the cause of which is unknown, or whose operation is unforeseen or unexpected.", "I will stand the hazard of the die.", "2. Danger; peril; risk. He encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life.", "Men are led on from one stage of life to another, in a condition of the utmost hazard.", "3. A game at dice.", "To run the hazard, to risk; to take the chance; to do or neglect to do something, when the consequences are not foreseen, and not within the powers of calculation.", "HAZ'ARD, v.t. To expose to chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk; as, to hazard life to save a friend; to hazard an estate on the throw of a dice; to hazard salvation for temporal pleasure.", "Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience.", "1. To venture to incur, or bring on; as, to hazard the loss or reputation.", "HAZ'ARD, v.i. To try the chance; to adventure; to run the risk or danger.", "Pause a day or two, before you hazard--"], "hazardable": ["HAZ'ARDABLE, a. That is liable to hazard or chance."], "hazarded": ["HAZ'ARDED, pp. Put at risk or in danger; ventured."], "hazarder": ["HAZ'ARDER, n. One who ventures or puts at stake."], "hazarding": ["HAZ'ARDING, ppr. Exposing to danger or peril; venturing to bring on."], "hazardous": ["HAZ'ARDOUS, a. Dangerous; that exposes to peril or danger of loss or evil; as a hazardous attempt or experiment."], "hazardously": ["HAZ'ARDOUSLY, adv. With danger of loss or evil; with peril."], "hazel": ["HAZEL, n. ha'zl. A shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild farinaceous taste.", "HAZEL, a. ha'zl. Pertaining to the hazel or like it; of a light brown color, like the hazel-nut."], "he": ["HE, pronoun of the third person; nom. he; poss.his; obj. him. L. id, for hid; hic.", "1. A pronoun, a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, representing the man or male person named before.", "Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen.3.", "Thou shalt fear Jehovah thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deut.10.", "2. It often has reference to a person that is named in the subsequent part of the sentence. He is the man.", "3. He is often used without reference to any particular person, and may be referred to any person indefinitely that answers the description. It is then synonymous with any man.", "He that walketh with wise men, shall be wise. Prov.13.", "4. He, when a substitute for man in its general sense, expressing mankind, is of common gender, representing, like its antecedent, the whole human race.", "My Spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh. Gen.6.", "5. Man; a male.", "I stand to answer thee, or any he the proudest of thy sort.", "In this use of he, in the ludicrous style, the word has no variation of case. In the foregoing sentence, he is in the objective case, or position, and the word is to be considered as a noun.", "6. He is sometimes prefixed to the names of animals to designate the male kind, as a he-goat, a he-bear. In such cases, he is to be considered as an adjective, or the two words as forming a compound."], "head": ["HEAD, n. hed.", "1. The uppermost part of the human body, or the foremost part of the body of prone and creeping animals. This part of the human body contains the organs of hearing, seeing, tasting and smelling; it contains also the brain, which is supposed to be the seat of the intellectual powers, and of sensation. Hence the head is the chief or more important part, and is used for the whole person, in the phrase, let the evil fall on my head.", "2. An animal; an individual; as,the tax was raised by a certain rate per head. And we use the singular number to express many. The herd contains twenty head of oxen.", "Thirty thousand head of swine.", "3. A chief; a principal person; a leader; a commander; one who has the first rank or place,and to whom others are subordinate; as the head of an army; the head of a sect or party. Eph.5.", "4. The first place; the place of honor, or of command. The lord mayor sat at the head of the table. The general marched at the head of his troops.", "5. Countenance; presence; in the phrases, to hide the head, to show the head.", "6. Understanding; faculties of the mind; sometimes in a ludicrous sense; as, a man has a good head, or a strong head. These men laid their heads together to form the scheme. Never trouble your head about this affair. So we say, to beat the head; to break the head; that is, to study hard, to exercise the understanding or mental faculties.", "7. Face; front; forepart.", "The ravishers turn head, the fight renews. Unusual.", "8. Resistance; successful opposition; in the phrase, to make head against, that is, to advance, or resist with success.", "9. Spontaneous will or resolution; in the phrases, of his own head, on their own head. But of is more usual than on.", "10. State of a deer's horns by which his age is known. The buck is called, the fifth year, a buck of the first head.", "11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the rest of the thing; as the head of a spear; the head of a cabbage; the head of a nail; the head of a mast.", "12. The forepart of a thing, as the head of a ship, which includes the bows on both sides; also,the ornamental figure or image erected on or before the stem of a ship.", "13. The blade or cutting part of an ax, distinct from the helve.", "14. That which rises on the top; as the head or yeast of beer.", "15. The upper part of a bed, or bed-stead.", "16. The brain.", "They turn their heads to imitate the sun.", "17. The dress of the head; as a laced head. Unusual.", "18. The principal source of a stream; as the head of the Nile.", "19. Altitude of water in ponds, as applicable to the driving of mill-wheels. The mill has a good head of water.", "20. Topic of discourse; chief point or subject; a summary; as the heads of a discourse or treatise.", "21. Crisis; pitch; highth. The disease has grown to such a head as to threaten life.", "22. Influence; force; strength; pitch. The sedition got to such a head as not to be easily quelled.", "23. Body; conflux.", "24. Power; armed force.", "My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head.", "25. Liberty; freedom from restrain; as, to give a horse the head. Hence,", "26. License; freedom from check, control or restraint. Children should not have their heads.", "He has too long given his unruly passions the head.", "27. The hair of the head; as a head of hair.", "28. The top of corn or other plant; the part on which the seed grows.", "29. The end, or the boards that form the end; as the head of a cask.", "30. The part most remote from the mouth or opening into the sea; as the head of a bay, gulf or creek.", "31. The maturated part of an ulcer or boil; hence, to come to a head, is to suppurate.", "Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, especially when referring to immersion. He plunged head and ears into the water. He was head and ears in debt, that is, completely overwhelmed.", "Head and shoulders, by force; violently; as, to drag one head and shoulders.", "They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders.", "Head or tail, or head nor tail, uncertain; not reducible to certainty.", "Head, as an adj. or in composition, chief; principal; as a head workman.", "By the head, in seamen's language, denotes the state of a ship laden too deeply at the fore-end.", "HEAD, v.t. hed. To lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army; to head an expedition; to head a riot.", "1. To behead; to decapitate. Unusual.", "2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail.", "3. To lop; as, to head trees.", "4. To go in front of; to get into the front; as, to head a drove of cattle.", "5. To set on the head; as, to head a cask.", "6. To oppose; to veer round and blow in opposition to the course of a ship;as, the wind heads us.", "HEAD, v.i. hed. To originate; to spring; to have its source, as a river.", "A broad river that heads in the great Blue Ridge of mountains."], "headed": ["HEADED, pp. hed'ed. Led; directed; furnished with a head; having a top. This is used in composition, as clear-headed, long-headed, thick-headed, &c."], "heading": ["HEADING, n. hed'ing. Timber for the heads of casks."], "headband": ["HEADBAND, n. hed'band. A fillet; a band for the head; also, the band at each end of a book. Is.3."], "headiness": ["HEADINESS, n. hed'iness. See Heady. Rashness; precipitation; a disposition to rush forward without due deliberation or prudence.", "1. Stubbornness; obstinacy."], "heady": ["HEADY, a. hed'y. See Head. Rash; hasty; precipitate; violent; disposed to rush forward in an enterprise without thought or deliberation; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable.", "All the talent required,is to be heady, to be violent on one side or the other.", "1. Apt to affect the head; inflaming; intoxicating; strong; as spirituous liquors.", "Champagne is a heady wine.", "2. Violent; ;impetuous; as a heady current. Not usual."], "headlong": ["HEADLONG, adv. hed'long. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong.", "1. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.", "--He hurries headlong to his fate.", "2. Hastily; without delay or respite.", "HEADLONG, a. hed'long. Steep; precipitous.", "1. Rash; precipitate; as headlong folly."], "headstone": ["HEADSTONE, n. hed'stone. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone.", "1. The stone at the head of a grave."], "heal": ["HEAL, v.t. L. celo; Heb. to be whole or entire, all.", "1. To cure of a disease or wound and restore to soundness, or to that state of body in which the natural functions are regularly performed; as, to heal the sick.", "Speak, and my servant shall be healed. Matt.8.", "2. To cure; to remove or subdue; as, to heal a disease.", "3. To cause to cicatrize; as, to heal a sore or wound.", "4. To restore to soundness; as, to heal a wounded limb.", "5. To restore purity to; to remove feculence or foreign matter.", "Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters. 2 Kings.2.", "6. To remove, as differences or dissension; to reconcile, as parties at variance; as, to heal a breach or difference.", "7. In Scripture, to forgive; to cure moral disease and restore soundness.", "I will heal their backsliding. Hos.14.", "8. To purify from corruptions, redress grievances and restore to prosperity. Jer.14.", "9. To cover, as a roof with tiles, slate, lead, &c.", "HEAL, v.i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or the wound heals; sometimes with up or over; it will heal up or over."], "healed": ["HE'ALED, pp. Restored to a sound state."], "healing": ["HE'ALING, ppr. Curing; restoring to a sound state.", "1. Tending to cure; mild; mollifying.", "HE'ALING, n. The act of curing.", "1. The act of covering."], "healer": ["HE'ALER, n. He or that which cures, or restores to soundness."], "health": ["HEALTH, n. helth. from heal. That state of an animal or living body, in which the parts are sound, well organized and disposed, and in which they all perform freely their natural functions. In this state the animal feels no pain. This word is applied also to plants.", "1. Sound state of the mind; natural vigor of faculties.", "2. Sound state of the mind, in a moral sense; purity; goodness.", "There is no health in us.", "3. Salvation or divine favor, or grace which cheers God's people. Ps.43,", "4. Wish of health and happiness; used in drinking. Come, love and health to all; an elliptical phrase, for, I wish health to you."], "healthfulness": ["HEALTH'FULNESS, n. A state of being well; a state in which the parts of a living body are sound, and regularly perform their functions.", "1. Wholesomeness; salubrity; state or qualities that promote health; as the healthfulness of the air, or of climate, or of diet, or of exercises."], "heap": ["HEAP, n.", "1. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation; as a heap of earth or stones.", "Huge heaps of slain around the body rise.", "2. A crowd; a throng; a cluster; applied to living persons. Inelegant and not in use.", "3. A mass of ruins.", "Thou hast made of a city a heap. Is.25.", "HEAP, v.t.", "1. To throw or lay in a heap; to pile; as, to heap stones; often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap on wood or coal.", "2. To amass; to accumulate; to lay up; to collect in great quantity; with up; as, to heap up treasures.", "Though the wicked heap up silver as the dust--Job.27.", "3. To add something else, in large quantities.", "4. To pile; to add till the mass takes a roundish form, or till it rises above the measure;as, to heap any thing in measuring."], "heaped": ["HE'APED, pp. Piled; amassed; accumulated."], "heaping": ["HE'APING, ppr. Piling; collecting into a mass."], "hear": ["HEAR, v.t. pret. and pp. heard, but more correctly heared.", "L. audio; auris.", "1. To perceive by the ear; to feel an impression of sound by the proper organs; as, to hear sound; to hear a voice; to hear words.", "2. To give audience or allowance to speak.", "He sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the faith in Christ. Acts.24.", "3. To attend; to listen; to obey.", "Today, if ye will hear his voice, harden not your heart. Ps.95.", "4. To attend favorably; to regard.", "They think they shall be heard for their much speaking. Matt.6.", "5. To grant an answer to prayer.", "I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice. Ps.116.", "6. To attend to the facts, evidence, and arguments in a cause between parties; to try in a court of law or equity. The cause was heard and determined at the last term; or, it was heard at the last term, and will be determined at the next. So 2.Sam.15.", "7. To acknowledge a title; a Latin phrase.", "Hear'st thou submissive, but a lowly birth.", "8. To be a hearer of; to sit under the preaching of; as, what minister do you hear? A colloquial use of the word.", "9. To learn.", "I speak to the world those things which I have heard of him. John 8.", "10. To approve and embrace.", "They speak of the world, and the world heareth them. l John 4.", "To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication.", "HEAR, v.i. To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. He is deaf, he cannot hear.", "1. To listen; to hearken; to attend.", "He hears with solicitude.", "2. To be told; to receive by report.", "I hear there are divisions among you, and I partly believe it. 1 Cor.11."], "heared": ["HEARED, pp. Perceived by the ear. In pronunciation, this word should not be confounded with herd."], "hearing": ["HE'ARING, ppr. Perceiving by the ear, as sound.", "1. Listening to; attending to; obeying; observing what is commanded.", "2. Attending to witnesses or advocates in a judicial trial; trying.", "HE'ARING, n. The faculty or sense by which sound is perceived.", "1. Audience; attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard. I waited on the minister, but could not obtain a hearing.", "2. Judicial trial; attention to the facts, testimony and arguments in a cause between parties, with a view to a just decision.", "3. The act of perceiving sounds; sensation or perception of sound.", "I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear. Job.42.", "And to the others he said in my hearing. Ezek.9.", "4. Reach of the ear; extent within which sound may be heard. He was not within hearing."], "hearer": ["HE'ARER, n. One who hears; one who attends to what is orally delivered by another; an auditor; one of an audience."], "hearken": ["HE`ARKEN, v.i. h`arken.", "1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered, with eagerness or curiosity.", "The furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl.", "2. To attend; to regard; to give heed to what is uttered; to observe or obey.", "Hearken, O Israel, to the statutes and the judgments which I teach you. Deut.4.", "3. To listen;; to attend; to grant or comply with.", "Hearken thou to the supplication of thy servant.", "l Kings 8.", "HE`ARKEN, v.t. h`arken. To hear by listening. Little used."], "hearkener": ["HE`ARKENER, n. h`arkener. A listener; one who hearkens."], "hearkening": ["HE`ARKENING, ppr. h`arkening. Listening; attending; observing."], "heart": ["HEART, n. L. cor, cordis, and allied to Eng.core, or named from motion, pulsation.", "1. A muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood's motion in an animal body, situated in the thorax. From this organ all the arteries arise, and in it all the veins terminate. By its alternate dilatation and contraction, the blood is received from the veins, and returned through the arteries, by which means the circulation is carried on and life preserved.", "2. The inner part of any thing; the middle part or interior; as the heart of a country, kingdom or empire; the heart of a town; the heart of a tree.", "3. The chief part; the vital part; the vigorous or efficacious part.", "4. The seat of the affections and passions, as of love, joy, grief, enmity, courage, pleasure &c.", "The heart is deceitful above all things. Every imagination of the thoughts of the heart is evil continually. We read of an honest and good heart, and an evil heart of unbelief, a willing heart, a heavy heart, sorrow of heart, a hard heart, a proud heart, a pure heart. The heart faints in adversity, or under discouragement, that is, courage fails; the heart is deceived, enlarged, reproved, lifted up, fixed, established, moved, &c.", "5. By a metonymy, heart is used for an affection or passion, and particularly for love.", "The king's heart was towards Absalom. 2 Sam. 14.", "6. The seat of the understanding; as an understanding heart. We read of men wise in heart, and slow of heart.", "7. The seat of the will; hence, secret purposes, intentions or designs. There are many devices in a man's heart. The heart of kings is unsearchable. The Lord tries and searches the heart. David had it in his heart to build a house of rest for the ark.", "Sometimes heart is used for the will, or determined purpose.", "The heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil. Eccles.8.", "8. Person; character; used with respect to courage or kindess.", "Cheerly, my hearts.", "9. Courage; spirit; as, to take heart; to give heart; to recover heart.", "10. Secret thoughts; recesses of the mind.", "Michal saw king David leaping and dancing before the Lord, and she despised him in her heart. 2 Sam.6.", "11. Disposition of mind.", "He had a heart to do well.", "12. Secret meaning; real intention.", "And then show you the heart of my message.", "13. Conscience, or sense of good or ill.", "Every man's heart and conscience--doth either like or disallow it.", "14. Strength; power of producing; vigor; fertility. Keep the land in heart.", "That the spent earth may gather heart again.", "15. The utmost degree.", "This gay charm--hath beguiled me", "To the very heart of loss.", "To get or learn by heart, to commit to memory; to learn so perfectly as to be able to repeat without a copy.", "To take to heart, to be much affected; also, to be zealous, ardent or solicitous about a thing; to have concern.", "To lay to heart, is used nearly in the sense of the foregoing.", "To set the heart on, to fix the desires on; to be very desirous of obtaining or keeping; to be very fond of.", "To set the heart at rest, to make one's self quiet; to be tranquil or easy in mind.", "To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed.", "I find it in my heart to ask your pardon.", "For my heart, for tenderness or affection.", "I could not for my heart refuse his request.", "Or, this phrase may signify, for my life; if my life was at stake.", "I could not get him for my heart to do it.", "To speak to one's heart,in Scripture, to speak kindly to; to comfort; to encourage.", "To have in the heart, to purpose; to have design or intention.", "A hard heart, cruelty; want of sensibility."], "hearted": ["HE`ARTED, a. Taken to heart. Not used.", "1. Composed of hearts. Not used.", "2. Laid up in the heart.", "This word is chiefly used in composition, as hard-hearted, faint-hearted, stout-hearted, &c."], "hearth": ["HE`ARTH, n. harth. A pavement or floor of brick or stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made to warm a room, and from which there is a passage for the smoke to ascend."], "heartily": ["HE`ARTILY, adv. from hearty. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity; really.", "I heartily forgive them.", "1. With zeal; actively; vigorously. He heartily assisted the prince.", "2. Eagerly; freely; largely; as, to eat heartily."], "heartiness": ["HE`ARTINESS, n. Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnestness.", "1. Eagerness of appetite."], "hearty": ["HE`ARTY, a. Having the heart engaged in any thing; sincere; warm; zealous; as, to be hearty in support of government.", "1. Proceeding from the heart; sincere; warm; as a hearty welcome.", "2. Being full of health; sound; strong; healthy; as a hearty man.", "3. Strong; durable; as hearty timber. Not used in America.", "4. Having a keen appetite; eating much; as a hearty eater.", "5. Strong; nourishing; as hearty food."], "heat": ["HEAT, n. L. aestus, for haestus, or caestus.", "1. Heat, as a cause of sensation, that is, the matter of heat, is considered to be a subtil fluid, contained in a greater or less degree in all bodies. In modern chimistry, it is called caloric. It expands all bodies in different proportions, and is the cause of fluidity and evaporation. A certain degree of it is also essential to animal and vegetable life. Heat is latent, when so combined with other matter as not to be perceptible. It is sensible, when it is evolved and perceptible.", "2. Heat, as a sensation, is the effect produced on the sentient organs of animals, by the passage of caloric, disengaged from surrounding bodies, to the organs. When we touch or approach a hot body, the caloric or heat passes from that body to our organs of feeling, and gives the sensation of heat. On the contrary, when we touch a cold body, the caloric passes from the hand to that body, and causes a sensation of cold.", "Note. This theory of heat seems not to be fully settled.", "3. Hot air; hot weather; as the heat of the tropical climates.", "4. Any accumulation or concentration of the matter of heat or caloric; as the heat of the body; the heat of a furnace; a red heat; a white heat; a welding heat.", "5. The state of being once heated or hot.", "Give the iron another heat.", "6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort.", "Many causes are required for refreshment between the heats.", "7. A single effort in running; a course at a race. Hector won at the first heat.", "8. Redness of the face; flush.", "9. Animal excitement; violent action or agitation of the system. The body is all in a heat.", "10. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as the heat of battle.", "11. Violence; ardor; as the heat of party.", "12. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation; as the heat of passion.", "13. Ardor; fervency; animation in thought or discourse.", "With all the strength and heat of eloquence.", "14. Fermentation.", "HEAT, v.t. L. odi, osus, for hodi, hosus; L aestus, for haestus, heat, tide; Gr. to burn, and the English haste and hoist are probably of the same family.", "1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to be hot; as, to heat an oven or a furnace; to heat iron.", "2. To make feverish; as, to heat the blood.", "3. To warm with passion or desire; to excite; to rouse into action.", "A noble emulation heats your breast.", "4. To agitate the blood and spirits with action; to excite animal action.", "HEAT, v.i. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or extrication of latent heat.", "Green hay heats in a mow, and green corn in a bin.", "1. To grow warm or hot. The iron or the water heats slowly.", "HEAT, for heated, is in popular use and pronounced het; but it is not elegant."], "heated": ["HE'ATED, pp. Made hot; inflamed; exasperated."], "heating": ["HE'ATING, ppr. Making warm or hot; inflaming; rousing the passions; exasperating.", "1. Tending to impart heat to; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as heating medicines or applications."], "heath": ["HEATH, n.", "1. A plant of the genus Erica, of many species. It is a shrub which is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. Its leaves are small and continue green all the year. It is called also ling.", "2. A place overgrown with heath.", "3. A place overgrown with shrubs of any kind."], "heathful": ["HEATH'FUL, a. helth'ful. Being in a sound state, as a living or organized being; having the parts or organs entire,and their functions in a free, active and undisturbed operation; free from disease. We speak of a healthful body, a healthful person, a healthful plant.", "1. Serving to promote health; wholesome; salubrious; as a healthful air or climate; a healthful diet.", "2. Indicating health or soundness; as a healthful condition.", "3. Salutary; promoting spiritual health.", "4. Well disposed; favorable.", "A healthful ear to hear. Unusual."], "heathen": ["HE'ATHEN, n. Gr. from heath, that is, one who lives in the country or woods, as pagan from pagus, a village.", "1. A pagan; a Gentile; one who worships idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. In the Scriptures, the word seems to comprehend all nations except the Jews or Israelites, as they were all strangers to the true religion, and all addicted to idolatry. The word may now be applied perhaps to all nations, except to Christians and Mohammedans.", "Heathen, without the plural termination, is used plurally or collectively, for Gentiles or heathen nations.", "Ask of me, and I will give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Ps.2.", "Heathen, however, has a plural, expressing two or more individuals.", "If men have reason to be heathens in Japan--", "The precepts and examples of the ancient heathens.", "2. A rude, illiterate, barbarous person.", "HE'ATHEN, a. Gentile, pagan; as a heathen author."], "heathenism": ["HE'ATHENISM, n. Gentilism; paganism; ignorance of the true God; idolatry; the rites or system of religion of a pagan nation.", "1. Rudeness; barbarism; ignorance."], "heathenize": ["HE'ATHENIZE, v.t. To render heathen or heathenish."], "heave": ["HEAVE, v.t. heev. pret. heaved, or hove; pp. heaved, hove, formerly hoven. Gr. to breathe.", "1. To lift; to raise; to move upward.", "So stretch'd out huge in length the arch fiend lay,", "Chain'd on the burning lake, nor ever hence", "Had ris'n, or heaved his head.", "2. To cause to swell.", "The glittering finny swarms", "That heave our friths and crowd upon our shores.", "3. To raise or force from the breast; as, to heave a sigh or groan, which is accompanied with a swelling or expansion of the thorax.", "4. To raise; to elevate; with high.", "One heaved on high.", "5. To puff; to elate.", "6. To throw; to cast; to send; as, to heave a stone. This is a common use of the word in popular language, and among seamen; as, to heave the lead.", "7. To raise by turning a windlass; with up; as, to heave up the anchor. Hence,", "8. To turn a windlass or capstern with bars or levers. Hence the order, to heave away.", "To heave ahead, to draw ship forwards.", "To heave astern, to cause to recede; to draw back.", "To heave down, to throw or lay down on one side; to careen.", "To heave out, to throw out. With seamen, to loose or unfurl a sail, particularly the stay-sails.", "To heave in stays, in tacking, to bring a ship's head to the wind.", "To heave short, to draw so much of a cable into the ship, as that she is almost perpendicularly above the anchor.", "To heave a strain, to work at the windlass with unusual exertion.", "To heave taught, to turn a capstern, &c. till the rope becomes straight. See Taught and Tight.", "To heave to, to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion.", "To heave up, to relinquish; so to throw up; as, to heave up a design. Vulgar.", "HEAVE, v.i. heev. To swell, distend or dilate; as, a horse heaves in panting. Hence,", "1. To pant; to breathe with labor or pain; as, he heaves for breath.", "2. To keck; to make an effort to vomit.", "3. To rise in billows, as the sea; to swell.", "4. To rise; to be lifted; as, a ship heaves.", "5. To rise or swell, as the earth at the breaking up of frost.", "To heave in sight, to appear; to make its first appearance; as a ship at sea, or as a distant object approaching or being approached.", "We observe that this verb has often the sense of raising or rising in an arch or circular form, as in throwing and in distention, and from this sense is derived its application to the apparent arch over our heads, heaven.", "HEAVE, n. heev. A rising or swell; an exertion or effort upward.", "None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle or swallow them.", "1. A rising swell, or distention, as of the breast.", "These profound heaves.", "2. An effort to vomit.", "3. An effort to rise."], "heaves": ["HEAVES, n. heevz. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult and laborious respiration."], "heaving": ["HE'AVING, ppr. Lifting; swelling; throwing; panting; making an effort to vomit.", "HE'AVING, n. A rising or swell; a panting."], "heaven": ["HEAVEN, n. hev'n.", "1. The region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which appears above and around us, like an immense arch or vault, in which are seen the sun, moon and stars.", "2. Among christians, the part of space in which the omnipresent Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible manifestations of his glory. Hence this is called the habitation of God, and is represented as the residence of angels and blessed spirits. Deut.26.", "The sanctified heart loves heaven for its purity, and God for his goodness.", "3. Among pagans, the residence of the celestial gods.", "4. The sky or air; the region of the atmosphere; or an elevated place; in a very indefinite sense. Thus we speak of a mountain reaching to heaven; the fowls of heaven; the clouds of heaven; hail or rain from heaven. Jer.9. Job.35.", "Their cities are walled to heaven. Deut.1.", "5. The Hebrews acknowledged three heavens; the air or aerial heavens; the firmament in which the stars are supposed to be placed; and the heaven of heavens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah.", "6. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and around the earth into two parts,the atmosphere or aerial heaven, and the etherial heaven beyond the region of the air, in which there is supposed to be a thin, unresisting medium called ether.", "7. The Supreme Power; the Sovereign of heaven; god; as prophets sent by heaven.", "I have sinned against heaven. Luke 15.", "Shun the impious profaneness which scoffs at the institution of heaven.", "8. The pagan deities; celestials.", "And show the heavens more just.", "9. Elevation; sublimity.", "O! for a muse of fire, that would ascend", "The brightest heaven of invention.", "10. Supreme felicity; great happiness."], "heavenize": ["HEAVENIZE, v.t. hev'nize. To render like heaven. Unauthorized."], "heavenliness": ["HEAV'ENLINESS, n. from heavenly. Supreme excellence."], "heavenly": ["HEAV'ENLY, a. Pertaining to heaven; celestial; as heavenly regions; heavenly bliss.", "1. Resembling heaven; supremely excellent; as a heavenly lyre; a heavenly temper.", "The love of heaven makes one heavenly.", "2. Inhabiting heaven; as a heavenly race; the heavenly throng."], "heavily": ["HEAV'ILY, adv. hev'ily. from heavy. With great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded.", "1. With great weight of grief; grievously; afflictively. When calamities fall heavily on the christian, he finds consolation in Christ.", "2. Sorrowfully; with grief.", "I came hither to transport the tidings,", "Which I have heavily borne.", "3. With an air of sorrow or dejection.", "Why looks your Grace so heavily to day?", "4. With weight; oppressively. Taxes sometimes bear heavily on the people.", "5. Slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; as, to move heavily.", "So they drove them heavily. Ex.14."], "heaviness": ["HEAV'INESS, n. hev'iness. Weight; ponderousness; gravity; the quality of being heavy; as the heaviness of a body.", "1. Sadness; sorrow; dejection of mind; depression of spirits.", "Heaviness in the heart of man maketh it stoop. Prov.12.", "Ye greatly rejoice, though now for a season ye are in heaviness, through manifold temptations. 1 Pet.1.", "2. Sluggishness; torpidness; dullness of spirit; languidness; languor; lassitude.", "What means this heaviness that hangs upon me?", "3. Weight; burden; oppression; as, the heaviness of taxes.", "4. That which it requires great strength to move or overcome; that which creates labor and difficulty; as the heaviness of a draught.", "5. Thickness; moistness; deepness; as the heaviness of ground or soil.", "6. Thickness; moistness; as of air."], "heavy": ["HEAV'Y, a. hev'y.", "1. Weighty; ponderous; having great weight; tending strongly to the center of attraction; contrary to light; applied to material bodies; as a heavy stone; a heavy load.", "2. Sad; sorrowful; dejected; depressed in mind.", "A light wife makes a heavy husband.", "So is he that singeth songs to a heavy heart. Prov.25.", "3. Grievous; afflictive; depressing to the spirits; as heavy news; a heavy calamity.", "4. Burdensome; oppressive; as heavy taxes.", "Make thy father's heavy yoke--lighter. 1 Kings.12.", "5. Wanting life and animation; dull.", "My heavy eyes you say confess", "A heart to love and grief inclined.", "6. Drowsy; dull.", "Their eyes were heavy. Matt.26. Luke.9.", "7. Wanting spirit or animation; destitute of life or rapidity of sentiment; dull; as a heavy writer; a heavy style.", "8. Wanting activity or vivacity; indolent.", "But of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind.", "9. Slow; sluggish.", "He walks with a heavy gait.", "10. Burdensome; tedious; as heavy hours.", "Time lies heavy on him who has no employment.", "11. Loaded; encumbered; burdened.", "He found his men heavy, and laden with booty.", "12. Lying with weight on the stomach; not easily digested; as, oily food is heavy to the stomach.", "13. Moist; deep; soft; miry; as heavy land; a heavy soil. We apply heavy to soft loamy or clayey land, which makes the draught of a plow or wagon difficult and laborious. So we say, a heavy road.", "14. Difficult; laborious; as a heavy draught.", "15. Weary; supported with pain or difficulty.", "And the hands of Moses were heavy. Ex.17.", "16. Inflicting severe evils,punishments or judgments.", "The hand of the Lord was heavy on them of Ashdod.", "l Sam.5.", "17. Burdensome; occasioning great care.", "This thing is too heavy for thee. Ex.18.", "18. Dull; not hearing; inattentive.", "Neither his ears heavy, that he cannot hear. Is.59.", "19. Large, as billows; swelling and rolling with great force; as a heavy sea.", "20. Large in amount; as a heavy expense; a heavy debt.", "21. Thick; dense; black; as a heavy cloud.", "22. Violent; tempestuous; as a heavy wind or gale.", "23. Large; abundant; as a heavy fall of snow or rain.", "24. Great; violent; forcible; as a heavy fire of cannon or small arms.", "25. Not raised by leaven or fermentation; not light; clammy; as heavy bread.", "26. Requiring much labor or much expense; as a heavy undertaking.", "27. Loud; as heavy thunder.", "Heavy metal, in military affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large size, or it is applied to large balls themselves."], "hebrew": ["HE'BREW, n. Heb. Eber, either a proper name, or a name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming from beyond the Euphrates.", "One of the descendants of Eber, or Heber; but particularly, a descendant of Jacob, who was a descendant of Eber; an Israelite; a Jew.", "1. The Hebrew language.", "HE'BREW, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews; as the Hebrew language or rites."], "hebrewess": ["HE'BREWESS, n. An Israelitish woman."], "hedge": ["HEDGE, n. hej. Eng. haw Properly, a thicket of thorn-bushes or other shrubs or small trees; but appropriately, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate the parts of a garden.", "Hedge, prefixed to another word, or in composition, denotes something mean, as a hedge-priest, a hedge-press, a hedge-vicar, that is, born in or belonging to the hedges or woods, low, outlandish. Not used in American.", "HEDGE, v.t. hej. To inclose with a hedge; to fence with a thicket of shrubs or small trees; to separate by a hedge; as, to hedge a field or garden.", "1. To obstruct with a hedge, or to obstruct in any manner.", "I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos.2.", "2. To surround for defense; to fortify.", "England hedged in with the main.", "3. To inclose for preventing escape.", "That is a law to hedge in the cuckow.", "Dryden, Swift and Shakespeare have written hedge, for edge, to edge in, but improperly.", "HEDGE, v.i. hej. To hide, as in a hedge; to hide; to skulk."], "hedging": ["HEDG'ING, ppr. Inclosing with a hedge; obstructing; confining."], "heed": ["HEED, v.t. To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.", "With pleasure Argus the musician heeds.", "HEED, n. Care; attention.", "With wanton heed and giddy cunning.", "1. Caution; care; watch for danger; notice; circumspection; usually preceded by take.", "Take heed of evil company. Take heed to your ways.", "Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. 2 Sam.20.", "2. Notice; observation; regard; attention; often preceded by give.", "The preacher gave good heed. Eccles.12.", "Neither give heed to fables. 1 Tim.1.", "Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed. Heb.2.", "3. Seriousness; a steady look.", "A heed.", "Was in his countenance. Unusual."], "heeded": ["HEE'DED, pp. Noticed; observed; regarded."], "heedfulness": ["HEE'DFULNESS, n. Attention; caution; vigilance; circumspection; care to guard against danger, or to perform duty."], "heel": ["HEEL, n. L. calx; Gr. a tumor.", "1. The hind part of the foot, particularly of man; but it is applied also to the corresponding part of the feet of quadrupeds.", "2. The whole foot.", "The stag recalls his strength, his speed,", "His winged heels--", "3. The hind part of a shoe, either for man or beast.", "4. The part of a stocking intended for the heel.", "To be out at the heels, is to have on stockings that are worn out.", "5. Something shaped like the human heel; a protuberance or knob.", "6. The latter part; as, a bill was introduced into the legislature at the heel of the session.", "7. A spur.", "This horse understands the heel well.", "8. The after end of a ship's keel; the lower end of the stern-post to which it is connected; also,the lower end of a mast.", "To be at the heels, to pursue closely; to follow hard; also, to attend closely.", "Hungry want is at my heels.", "To show the heels, to flee; to run from.", "To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight.", "To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to confine.", "To have the heels of, to outrun.", "Neck and heels, the whole length of the body.", "HEEL, v.i. To dance.", "HEEL, v.t. To arm a cock.", "1. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe.", "HEEL v.i. To incline; to lean; as a ship; as, the ship heels a-port, or a star-board."], "heifer": ["HEIF'ER, n. hef'er. A young cow."], "heinous": ["HEINOUS, a. An incorrect orthography. See Hainous."], "heir": ["HEIR, n. are. L. haeres, haeredis.", "1. The man who succeeds, or is to succeed another in the possession of lands, tenements and hereditaments, by descent; the man on whom the law casts an estate of inheritance by the death of the ancestor or former possessor; or the man in whom the title to an estate of inheritance is vested by the operation of law, on the death of a former owner.", "We give the title to a person who is to inherit after the death of an ancestor, and during his life, as well as to the person who has actually come into possession. A man's children are his heirs. In most monarchies,the king's eldest son is heir to the throne; and a nobleman's eldest son is heir to his title.", "Lo, one born in my house is my heir. Gen.15.", "2. One who inherits, or takes from an ancestor. The son is often heir to the disease, or to the miseries of the father.", "3. One who succeeds to the estate of a former possessor. Jer.49. Mic.1.", "4. One who is entitled to possess. In Scripture, saints are called heirs of the promise, heirs of righteousness, heirs of salvation, &c., by virtue of the death of Christ, or of God's gracious promises.", "Heir-presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be heir, but whose right of inheritance may be defeated by any contingency, as by the birth of a nearer relative.", "HEIR, v.t. are. To inherit; to take possession of an estate of inheritance, after the death of the ancestor."], "held": ["HELD, pret. and pp. of hold. A court was held in Westminster hall. At a council held on the first of January."], "hele": ["HELE, v.t. L. celo. To hide."], "heling": ["HE'LING, n. from hele, obs.; L. celo. The covering of the roof of a building; written also hilling. Not used in the U.States."], "hell": ["HELL, n.", "1. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death. Matt.10. Luke 12.", "Sin is hell begun, as religion is heaven anticipated.", "2. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the lower regions, or the grave; called in Hebrew, sheol, and by the Greeks, hades. Ps. 16. Jon.2.", "3. The pains of hell, temporal death, or agonies that dying persons feel, or which bring to the brink of the grave. Ps.18.", "4. The gates of hell, the power and policy of Satan and his instruments. Matt.16.", "5. The infernal powers.", "While Saul and hell cross'd his strong fate in vain.", "6. The place at a running play to which are carried those who are caught.", "7. A place into which a tailor throws his shreds.", "8. A dungeon or prison."], "helm": ["HELM, a termination, denotes defense; as in Sighelm, victorious defense. See Helmet.", "HELM, n.", "1. The instrument by which a ship is steered, consisting of a rudder, a tiller, and in large vessels, a wheel. See Rudder.", "2. Station of government; the place of direction or management; as, to be at the helm in the administration.", "HELM, v.t. To steer; to guide; to direct. Little used.", "1. To cover with a helmet.", "HELM"], "helmet": ["HELM'ET, n. Defensive armor for the head; a head-piece; a morion. The helmet is worn by horsemen to defend the head against the broad sword.", "1. The part of a coat of arms that bears the crest.", "2. The upper part of a retort.", "3. In botany, the upper lip of a ringent corol."], "helmeted": ["HELM'ETED, a. Furnished with a helmet."], "help": ["HELP, v.t. A regular verb; the old past tense and participle holp and holpen being obsolete.", "1. To aid; to assist; to lend strength or means towards effecting a purpose; as, to help a man in his work; to help another in raising a building; to help one to pay his debts; to help the memory or the understanding.", "2. To assist; to succor; to lend means of deliverance; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison.", "3. To relieve; to cure, or to mitigate pain or disease.", "Help and ease them, but by no means bemoan them.", "The true calamus helps a cough.", "Sometimes with of; as, to help one of blindness.", "4. To remedy; to change for the better.", "Cease to lament for what thou cans't not help.", "5. To prevent; to hinder. The evil approached, and who can help it?", "6. To forbear; to avoid.", "I cannot help remarking the resemblance between him and our author--", "To help forward, to advance by assistance.", "To help on, to forward; to promote by aid.", "To help out, to aid in delivering from difficulty, or to aid in completing a design.", "The god of learning and of light,", "Would want a god himself to help him out.", "To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over a difficulty.", "To help off, to remove by help; as, to help off time. Unusual.", "To help to, to supply with; to furnish with.", "Whom they would help to a kingdom. 1 Maccabees.", "Also, to present to at table; as, to help one to a glass of wine.", "HELP, v.i. To lend aid; to contribute strength or means.", "A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person.", "To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.", "HELP, n. Aid; assistance; strength or means furnished towards promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress.", "Give us help from trouble; for vain is the help of man. Ps.60.", "1. That which gives assistance; he or that which contributes to advance a purpose.", "Virtue is a friend and a help to nature.", "God is a very present help in time of trouble. Ps.46.", "2. Remedy; relief. The evil is done; there is no help for it. There is no help for the man; his disease is incurable.", "3. A hired man or woman; a servant."], "helpful": ["HELP'FUL, a. That gives aid or assistance; that furnishes means of promoting an object; useful.", "1. Wholesome; salutary; as helpful medicines."], "helpfulness": ["HELP'FULNESS, n. Assistance; usefulness."], "helper": ["HELP'ER, n. One that helps, aids or assists; an assistant; an auxiliary.", "1. One that furnishes or administers a remedy.", "Compassion--is oftentimes a helper of evils.", "2. One that supplies with any thing wanted; with to.", "A helper to a husband.", "3. A supernumerary servant."], "helve": ["HELVE, n. helv. The handle of an ax or hatchet.", "HELVE, v.t. helv. To furnish with a helve, as an ax."], "hem": ["HEM, n.", "1. The border of a garment, doubled and sewed to strengthen it and prevent the raveling of the threads.", "2. Edge; border. Matt.9.", "3. A particular sound of the human voice, expressed by the word hem.", "HEM, v.t. To form a hem or border; to fold and sew down the edge of cloth to strengthen it.", "1. To border; to edge.", "All the skirt about", "Was hemm'd with golden fringe.", "To hem in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. The troops were hemmed in by the enemy. Sometimes perhaps to hem about or round, may be used in a like sense.", "HEM, v.i. To make the sound expressed by the word hem."], "hemlock": ["HEM'LOCK, n.", "1. A plant of the genus Conium, whose leaves and root are poisonous. Also, the Cicuta maculata.", "2. A tree of the genus Pinus, an evergreen.", "3. A poison, an infusion or decoction of the poisonous plant.", "Popular liberty might then have escaped the indelible reproach of decreeing to the same citizens the hemlock on one day, and statues on the next."], "hen": ["HEN, n. The female of any kind of fowl; but it is particularly applied to the female of the domestic fowl of the gallinaceous kind, or as sometimes called, the barn-door fowl."], "hence": ["HENCE, adv. hens.", "1. From this place.", "Arise, let us go hence. John 14.", "I will send thee far hence to the Gentiles. Acts.22.", "2. From this time; in the future; as a week hence; a year hence.", "3. From this cause or reason,noting a consequence, inference or deduction from something just before stated.", "Hence perhaps it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord, the beginning of wisdom.", "It sometimes denotes an inference or consequence, resulting from something that follows.", "Whence come wars and fightings among you?", "Come they not hence, even from your lusts--James 4.", "4. From this source or original.", "All other faces borrowed hence--", "Hence signifies from this, and from before hence is not strictly correct. But from hence is so well established by custom, that it may not be practicable to correct the use of the phrase.", "Hence is used elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart hence; away; be gone.", "Hence, with your little ones.", "Hence, as a verb, to send off, as used by Sidney, is improper."], "henceforth": ["HENCEFORTH, adv. hens'forth. From this time forward.", "I never from thy side henceforth will stray."], "henceforward": ["HENCEFORWARD, adv. hensfor'ward. From this time forward; henceforth."], "her": ["HER, pronounced hur, an adjective, or pronominal adjective of the third person. L. suus.", "1. Belonging to a female; as her face; her head.", "2. It is used before neuter nouns in personification.", "Wisdom's ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Prov.3.", "Her is also used as a pronoun or substitute for a female in the objective case, after a verb or preposition.", "She gave also to her husband with her, and he did eat. Gen.3.", "Hers is primarily the objective or genitive case, denoting something that belongs to a female. But it stands as a substitute in the nominative or objective case.", "And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend.", "Here hers stands for her fortune, but it must be considered as the nominative to could mend. I will take back my own book and give you hers. Here hers is the object after give."], "herring": ["HER'RING,n. A fish of the genus Clupea. Herrings, when they migrate, move in vast shoals, and it is said that the name is formed from the Teutonic here,heer, an army or multitude. They come from high northern latitudes in the spring, and visit the shores of Europe and America, where they are taken and salted in great quantities."], "hers": ["HERS, pron. hurz, pron. fem. possessive; as, this house is hers,that is, this is the house of her. But perhaps it would be more correct to consider hers as a substitute for the noun and adjective, in the nominative case. Of the two houses,hers is the best, that is, her house is the best."], "herald": ["HER'ALD, n.", "1. An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war,to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. Hence,", "2. A proclaimer; a publisher; as the herald of another's fame.", "3. A forerunner; a precursor; a harbinger.", "It was the lark, the herald of the morn.", "4. An officer in Great Britain, whose business is to marshal, order and conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations, royal marriages, installations, creations of dukes and other nobles, embassies, funeral processions, declarations of war, proclamations of peace, &c.; also, to record and blazon the arms of the nobility and gentry, and to regulate abuses therein.", "5. Formerly applied by the French to a minstrel.", "HER'ALD, v.t. To introduce, as by a herald."], "heraldic": ["HER'ALDIC, a. Pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as heraldic delineations."], "herb": ["HERB, n. erb. L. herba.", "1. A plant or vegetable with a soft or succulent stalk or stem, which dies to the root every year, and is thus distinguished from a tree and a shrub, which have ligneous or hard woody stems.", "2. In the Linnean botany, that part of a vegetable which springs from the root and is terminated by the fructification, including the stem or stalk, the leaves, the fulcra or props,and the hibernacle.", "The word herb comprehends all the grasses, and numerous plants used for culinary purposes."], "herd": ["HERD, n.", "1. A collection or assemblage; applied to beasts when feeding or driven together. We say, a herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, bucks, harts,and in Scripture, a herd of swine. But we say, a flock of sheep, goats, or birds. A number of cattle going to market is called a drove.", "2. A company of men or people, in contempt or detestation; a crowd; a rabble; as a vulgar herd.", "HERD, n. A keeper of cattle; used by Spenser, and still used in Scotland, but in English now seldom or never used, except in composition, as a shepherd, a goatherd, a swineherd.", "HERD, v.i. To unite or associate, as beasts; to feed or run in collections. Most kinds of beasts manifest a disposition to herd.", "1. To associate; to unite in companies customarily.", "2. To associate; to become one of a number or party.", "HERD, v.t. To form or put into a herd."], "herding": ["HERD'ING, ppr. Associating in companies."], "here": ["HERE, adv.", "1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is present; opposed to there. Behold, here am I. Lodge here this night. Build here seven altars.", "2. In the present life or state.", "Thus shall you be happy here, and more happy hereafter.", "3. It is used in making an offer or attempt.", "Then here's for earnest.", "4. In drinking health.", "Here's to thee, Dick.", "It is neither here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that; neither in one place nor in another.", "Here and there,in one place and another; in a dispersed manner or condition; thinly; or irregularly."], "hereafter": ["HERE`AFTER, adv. In time to come; in some future time.", "1. In a future state.", "HERE`AFTER,n. A future state.", "'Tis heaven itself that points out an hereafter."], "hereby": ["HEREBY', adv. By this.", "Hereby we became acquainted with the nature of things."], "herein": ["HEREIN', adv. In this.", "Herein is my Father glorified,that ye bear much fruit. John 15."], "hereof": ["HEREOF', adv. Of this; from this.", "Hereof comes it that prince Harry is valiant."], "heresy": ["HER'ESY, n. Gr. to take, to hold; L. haeresis.", "1. A fundamental error in religion, or an error of opinion respecting some fundamental doctrine of religion. But in countries where there is an established church, an opinion is deemed heresy, when it differs from that of the church. The Scriptures being the standard of faith, any opinion that is repugnant to its doctrines, is heresy; but as men differ in the interpretation of Scripture, an opinion deemed heretical by one body of christians,may be deemed orthodox by another. In Scripture and primitive usage,heresy meant merely sect, party, or the doctrines of a sect, as we now use denomination or persuasion, implying no reproach.", "2. Heresy, in law, is an offense against christianity, consisting in a denial of some of its essential doctrines, publicly avowed and obstinately maintained.", "3. An untenable or unsound opinion or doctrine in politics."], "heretofore": ["HERETOFO'RE, adv. In times before the present; formerly."], "hereunto": ["HEREUNTO', adv. To this."], "herewith": ["HEREWITH', adv. With this.", "Most of the compounds of here and a preposition, are obsolete or obsolescent, or at least are deemed inelegant. But hereafter and heretofore are in elegant use. Herein and hereby are frequently used in the present version of the Scriptures, and ought not perhaps to be discarded. Indeed some of these words seem to be almost indispensable in technical law language."], "heritage": ["HER'ITAGE, n.", "1. Inheritance; an estate that passes from an ancestor to an heir by descent or course of law; that which is inherited. In Scot's law, it sometimes signifies immovable estate, in distinction from movable.", "2. In Scripture, the saints or people of God are called his heritage, as being claimed by him, and the objects of his special care. 1 Pet.5."], "herodians": ["HERO'DIANS, n. A sect among the Jews,which took this name from Herod; but authors are not agreed as to their peculiar notions."], "heron": ["HER'ON, n. A large fowl of the genus Ardea, a great devourer of fish."], "herself": ["HERSELF', pron. her and self. This denotes a female,the subject of discourse before mentioned, and is either in the nominative or objective case. In the nominative it usually follows she, and is added for the sake of emphasis, or emphatical distinction; as, she herself will bear the blame.", "The daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself. Ex.2.", "1. Having the command of herself; mistress of her rational powers, judgment or temper. The woman was deranged, but she is now herself again. She has come to herself.", "2. In her true character; as, the woman acts like herself."], "hew": ["HEW, v.t. pret. hewed; pp. hewed or hewn.", "1. To cut with an ax, or other like instrument, for the purpose of making an even surface or side; as, to hew timber.", "2. To chop; to cut; to hack; as, to hew in pieces.", "3. To cut with a chisel; to make smooth; as, to hew stone.", "4. To form or shape with an edged instrument; with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher. Is.22.", "5. To form laboriously.", "I now pass my days,not studious nor idle, rather polishing old works than hewing out new ones. Unusual.", "To hew down, to cut down; to fell by cutting.", "To hew off, to cut off; to separate by a cutting instrument."], "hewed": ["HEW'ED, pp. Cut and made smooth or even; chopped; hacked; shaped by cutting or by a chisel."], "hewing": ["HEW'ING, ppr. Cutting and making smooth or even; chopping; hacking; forming by the chisel."], "hewer": ["HEW'ER, n. One who hews wood or stone."], "hewn": ["HEWN, pp. The same as hewed."], "hidden": ["HID'DEN, pp. of hide. Concealed; placed in secrecy.", "1. Secret; unseen.", "2. Mysterious."], "hide": ["HIDE, v.t. pret. hid; pp. hid, hidden.", "1. To conceal; to withhold or withdraw from sight; to place in any state or position in which the view is intercepted from the object. The intervention of the moon between the earth and the sun hides the latter from our sight. The people in Turkey hide their grain in the earth. No human being can hide his crimes or his neglect of duty from his Maker.", "2. To conceal from knowledge; to keep secret.", "Depart to the mountains; hide yourselves there three days. Josh.2.", "Tell me now what thou hast done--hide it not from me. Josh.7.", "3. In Scripture, not to confess or disclose; or to excuse and extenuate.", "I acknowledged my sin to thee, and my iniquity have I not hid. Ps.32.", "4. To protect; to keep in safety.", "In the time of trouble, he shall hide me in his pavilion. Ps.27.", "To hide the face from, to overlook; to pardon.", "Hide thy face from my sins. Ps.51.", "To hide the face, to withdraw spiritual presence, support and consolation.", "Thou didst hide thy face,and I was troubled. Ps.30.", "To hide one's self, to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to secure protection.", "The prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself. Prov.22.", "HIDE, v.i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight.", "Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide.", "Hide and seek, a play of boys, in which some hide themselves and another seeks them.", "HIDE, n. In the ancient laws of England, a certain portion of land, the quantity of which however is not well ascertained. Some authors consider it as the quantity that could be tilled with one plow; others, as much as would maintain a family. Some suppose it to be 60, some 80,and others 100 acres.", "HIDE, n. L. cutis; Gr. either a peel, from stripping, separating, or a cover.", "1. The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; more generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, &c.", "2. The human skin; in contempt."], "hiding": ["HI'DING, ppr. Concealing; covering or withdrawing from view; keeping close or secret.", "HI'DING, n. Concealment. Hab.3.", "1. Withdrawment; a withholding; as the hidings of God's face."], "high": ["HIGH, a. hi.", "1. Extending a great distance above the surface of the earth; elevated; lofty; of great altitude; as a high mountain; a high tower.", "2. Rising, or having risen, or being far above the earth; elevated; lofty; as a high flight; the clouds are high in the atmosphere.", "3. Elevated above the horizon; as, how high is the sun? It is an hour high.", "4. Raised above any object.", "High o'er their heads a moldering rock is placed.", "5. Exalted in nature or dignity.", "The highest faculty of the soul.", "6. Elevated in rank, condition or office. We speak of high and low; of a high office; high rank; high station; a high court.", "7. Possessing or governed by honorable pride; noble; exalted; magnanimous; dignified; as a man of a high mind.", "8. Exalted in excellence or extent.", "Solomon lived at ease, nor aimed beyond", "Higher design than to enjoy his state.", "9. Difficult; abstruse.", "They meet to hear, and answer such high things.", "10. Boastful; ostentatious.", "His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot.", "11. Arrogant; proud; lofty; loud.", "The governor made himself merry with his high and threatening language.", "12. Loud; boisterous; threatening or angry. The parties had very high words.", "13. Violent; severe; oppressive.", "When there appeareth on either side a high hand, violent persecution. &c.", "14. Public; powerful; triumphant; glorious; or under divine protection.", "The children of Israel went out of Egypt with a high hand. Ex.14.", "15. Noble; illustrious; honorable; as a man of high birth.", "16. Expressive of pride and haughtiness; as high looks. Is.10.", "17. Powerful; mighty.", "Strong is thy hand, high is thy right hand. Ps.89.", "18. Possessed of supreme power, dominion or excellence.", "Thou, Lord, art high above all the earth. Ps.97.", "19. Great; important; solemn; held in veneration.", "For that sabbath-day was a high day. John 19.", "20. Violent; rushing with velocity; tempestuous; as a high wind.", "21. Tumultuous; turbulent; inflamed; violent; as high passions.", "22. Full; complete. It is high time to retire.", "It is high time to awake from sleep. Rom.13.", "23. Raised; accompanied by, or proceeding from great excitement of the feelings; as high pleasure of body or mind.", "24. Rich; luxurious; well seasoned; as high fare; high living; high sauces.", "25. Strong; vivid; deep; as a high color.", "26. Dear; of a great price, or greater price than usual; as, to purchase at a high rate; goods are high.", "27. Remote from the equator north or south; as a high latitude.", "28. Remote in past time; early in former time; as high antiquity.", "29. Extreme; intense; as a high heat.", "30. Loud; as a high sound. but more generally,", "31. In music, acute; sharp; as a high note; a high voice; opposed to low or grave.", "32. Much raised; as high relief alto relievo.", "33. Far advanced in art or science; as high attainments.", "34. Great; capital; committed against the king, sovereign or state; as high treason, distinguished from petty treason, which is committed against a master or other superior.", "35. Great; exalted; as a high opinion of one's integrity.", "High church and low church, in Great Britain, a distinction introduced after the revolution. The high church were supposed to favor the papists, or at least to support the high claims to prerogative, which were maintained by the Stuarts. The low church entertained more moderate notions, manifested great enmity to popery, and were inclined to circumscribe the royal prerogatives. This distinction is now less marked, but not wholly obliterated.", "High day, high noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian.", "High Dutch, is the German language, as distinguished from Low Dutch or Belgic, or the cultivated German, as opposed to the vulgar dialects.", "HIGH, n. An elevated place; superior region; as on high; from on high.", "On high, aloud.", "1. Aloft."], "highness": ["HIGHNESS, n. hi'ness. Elevation above the surface; loftiness; altitude; highth.", "1. Dignity; elevation in rank, character or power.", "2. Excellence; value.", "3. Violence; as the highness of wind.", "4. Great amount; as the highness of price.", "5. Acuteness; as the highness of a note or voice.", "6. Intenseness, as of heat.", "7. A title of honor given to princes or other men of rank."], "highly": ["HIGHLY, adv. hi'ly. With elevation in place.", "1. In a great degree.", "We are highly favored.", "Exercise is highly requisite to health.", "2. Proudly; arrogantly; ambitiously.", "3. With elevation of mind or opinion; with great estimation; as, to think highly of one's performances."], "highway": ["HIGHWA'Y, n. A public road; a way open to all passengers; so called, either because it is a great or public road, or because the earth was raised to form a dry path. Highways open a communication from one city or town to another.", "1. Course; road; train of action."], "hill": ["HILL, n. L. collis.", "1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence. A hill is less than a mountain, but of no definite magnitude, and is sometimes applied to a mountain. Jerusalem is seated on two hills. Rome stood on seven hills.", "2. A cluster of plants, and the earth raised about them; as a hill of maiz or potatoes.", "HILL, v.t. To raise earth about plants; to raise a little mass of earth. Farmers in New England hill their maiz in July.", "Hilling is generally the third hoeing.", "1. To cover. L. celo."], "hilled": ["HILL'ED, pp. or a. Having hills."], "hilling": ["HILL'ING, n. A covering.", "1. The act of raising the earth around plants."], "him": ["HIM, pron. The objective case of he, L. eum, anciently em or im.", "Him that is weak in the faith receive. Rom.14.", "Him and his were formerly used for nouns of the neuter gender,but the practice is obsolete."], "himself": ["HIMSELF', pron. In the nominative or objective case. him and self.", "1. He; but himself is more emphatical, or more expressive of distinct personality than he.", "With shame remembers, while himself was one", "Of the same herd, himself the same had done.", "2. When himself is added to he, or to a noun, it expresses discrimination of person with particular emphasis.", "But he himself returned from the quarries. Judges 3.", "But God himself is with us for our captain. 2 Chron.13.", "3. When used as the reciprocal pronoun, it is not usually emphatical.", "David hid himself in the field. 1 Sam.20.", "4. It was formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns; as high as heaven himself. This use is now improper.", "5. It is sometimes separated from he; as, he could not go himself, for he himself could not go.", "6. Himself is used to express the proper character, or natural temper and disposition of a person, after or in opposition to wandering of mind, irregularity, or devious conduct from derangement, passion or extraneous influence. We say, a man has come to himself, after delirious or extravagant behavior. Let the man alone; let him act himself.", "By himself, alone; unaccompanied; sequestered.", "He sits or studies by himself.", "Ahab went one way by himself,and Obadiah went another way by himself. 1 Kings 18."], "hin": ["HIN, n. Heb. A Hebrew measure of capacity containing the sixth part of an ephah, or about five quarts English measure."], "hind": ["HIND, n. The female of the red deer or stag.", "HIND, n. A domestic; a servant.", "1. A peasant; a rustic; or a husbandman's servant.", "HIND, a. Backward; pertaining to the part which follows; in opposition to the fore part; as the hind legs of a quadruped; the hind toes; the hind shoes of a horse; the hind part of an animal."], "hinder": ["HINDER, a. comp. of hind. That is in a position contrary to that of the head or fore part; designating the part which follows; as the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder part of a ship, or the stern. Acts 27."], "hinderance": ["HIN'DERANCE, n. The act of impeding or restraining motion.", "1. Impediment; that which stops progression or advance; obstruction.", "He must remove all these hinderances out of the way."], "hindered": ["HIN'DERED, pp. Stopped; impeded; obstructed; retarded."], "hinderer": ["HIN'DERER, n. One who stops or retards; that which hinders."], "hindering": ["HIN'DERING, ppr. Stopping; impeding; obstructing; retarding."], "hindermost": ["HINDERMOST, a. That which is behind all others; the last. but we now use hindmost."], "hindmost": ["HINDMOST, a. The last; that is in the rear of all others.", "He met thee in the way, and smote the hindmost of thee. Deut.25."], "hinge": ["HINGE, n. hinj. This word appears to be connected with hang,and with angle,the verb.", "1. The hook or joint on which a door or gate turns.", "The gate self-opened wide", "On golden hinges turning.", "2. That on which any thing depends or turns; a governing principle, rule or point. This argument was the hinge on which the question turned.", "3. A cardinal point; as east, west, north or south. Little used.", "To be off the hinges, is to be in a state of disorder or irregularity.", "HINGE, v.t. To furnish with hinges.", "1. To bend. Little used.", "HINGE, v.i. To stand, depend or turn, as on a hinge. The question hinges on this single point."], "hinging": ["HING'ING, ppr. Depending; turning."], "hip": ["HIP, n. The projecting part of an animal formed by the osilium or haunch bone; the haunch, or the flesh that covers the bone and the adjacent parts; the joint of the thigh.", "To have on the hip, to have the advantage over one; a low phrase borrowed probably from wrestlers.", "Hip and thigh, complete overthrow or defeat. Judges 15.", "HIP, v.t. To sprain or dislocate the hip.", "HIP"], "hipped": ["HIP, HIPPED, HIPPISH. See Hyp."], "hire": ["HIRE, v.t.", "1. To procure from another person and for temporary use, at a certain price, or for a stipulated or reasonable equivalent; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire a horse for a day; to hire money at legal interest.", "2. To engage in service for a stipulated reward; to contract with for a compensation; as, to hire a servant for a year; to hire laborers by the day or month.", "3. To bribe; to engage in immoral or illegal service for a reward.", "To hire out one's self, to let; to engage one's service to another for a reward.", "They have hired out themselves for bread. 1 Sam.2.", "To hire, or to hire out, to let; to lease; to grant the temporary use of a thing for a compensation. He has hired out his house or his farm.", "HIRE, n.", "1. The price, reward or compensation paid or contracted to be given for the temporary use of any thing.", "2. Wages; the reward or recompense paid for personal service.", "The laborer is worthy of his hire. Luke 10."], "hired": ["HI'RED, pp. Procured or taken for use, at a stipulated or reasonable price; as a hired farm.", "1. Employed in service for a compensation; as a hired man; a hired servant."], "hiring": ["HI'RING, ppr. Procuring the use of for a compensation."], "hireling": ["HI'RELING, n. One who is hired, or who serves for wages.", "1. A mercenary; a prostitute.", "HI'RELING, a. Serving for wages; venal; mercenary; employed for money or other compensation.", "A tedious crew", "Of hireling mourners."], "his": ["HIS, pron. possessive of he,and pronounced hiz.", "1. Of him. Thus in Alfred's Orosius, \"Sume for his ege ne dorstan.\" Some for fear of his durst not; literally, for his awe, for awe of him. Lib.3.8. In this instance, his does not express what belongs to the antecedent of his, Philip, but the fear which others entertained of him.", "2. The present use of his is as a pronominal adjective, in any case indifferently, corresponding to the L. suus. Thus, tell John his papers are ready. I will deliver his papers to his messenger. He may take his son's books. When the noun is omitted, his stands as its substitute, either in the nominative or objective case. Tell John this book is his. He may take mine and I will take his.", "3. His was formerly used for its, but improperly, and the use has ceased.", "4. It was formerly used as the sign of the possessive. The man his ground, for the man's ground. This use has also ceased.", "5. His is still used as a substitute for a noun, preceded by of; as all ye saints of his; he ministers of his.", "Hisself is no longer used."], "hiss": ["HISS, v.i.", "1. To make a sound by driving the breath between the tongue and the upper teeth; to give a strong aspiration, resembling the noise made by a serpent and some other animals, or that of water thrown on hot iron. Hissing is an expression of contempt.", "The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee. Ezek. 27.", "2. To express contempt or disapprobation by hissing.", "3. To whiz, as an arrow or other thing in rapid flight.", "HISS, v.t. To condemn by hissing; to explode. The spectators hissed him off the stage.", "1. To procure hisses or disgrace.", "--That of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker.", "HISS, n. The sound made by propelling the breath between the tongue and upper teeth; the noise of a serpent, a goose, &c.", "He hiss for hiss returned.", "1. An expression of contempt or disapprobation, used in places of public exhibition."], "hissing": ["HISS'ING, ppr. Making the noise of serpents.", "HISS'ING, n. A hissing sound; an expression of scorn or contempt.", "1. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision.", "I will make this city desolate,and a hissing. Jer.19."], "hissingly": ["HISS'INGLY, adv. With a whistling sound."], "hit": ["HIT, v.t. pret. and pp. hit.", "1. To strike or touch, either with or without force. We hit a thing with the finger, or with the head; a cannon ball hits a mast, or a wall.", "2. To strike or touch, either with or without force. We hit a thing with the finger, or with the head; a cannon ball hits a mast, or a wall.", "The archers hit him. 1 Sam.31.", "3. To reach; to attain to.", "Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right--", "4. To suit; to be conformable.", "--Melancholy,", "Whose saintly visage is too bright", "To hit the sense of human sight.", "5. To strike; to touch properly; to offer the right bait.", "There you hit him--that argument never fails with him.", "To hit off, to strike out; to determine luckily.", "1. To represent or describe exactly.", "To hit out, to perform by good luck. Little used.", "HIT, v.i. To strike; to meet or come in contact; to clash; followed by against or on.", "If bodies be mere extension, how can they move and hit one against another.", "Corpuscles meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them.", "1. To meet or fall on by good luck; to succeed by accident; not to miss.", "And oft it hits", "Where hope is coldest, and despair most fits.", "2. To strike or reach the intended point; to succeed.", "And millions miss for one that hits.", "To hit on or upon, to light on; to come to or fall on by chance; to meet or find, as by accident.", "None of them hit upon the art.", "HIT, n. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke or blow that touches any thing.", "So he the famed Cilician fencer prais'd,", "And at each hit with wonder seems amaz'd.", "1. A chance; a casual event; as a lucky hit.", "2. A lucky chance; a fortunate event.", "3. A term in back-gammon. Three hits are equal to a gammon.", "HIT, v.i.", "1. To move by jerks, or with stops; as, in colloquial language, to hitch along.", "Whoe'er offends, at some unlucky time", "Slides in a verse, or hitches in a rhyme.", "2. To become entangled; to be caught or hooked.", "3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses. Not used in the U. States.", "4. To hop; to spring on one leg. Local.", "5. To move or walk."], "hither": ["HITH'ER, adv.", "1. To this place; used with verbs signifying motion; as, to come hither; to proceed hither; to bring hither.", "2. Hither and thither, to this place and that.", "3. To this point; to this argument or topic; to this end. Little used and not to be encouraged.", "Hither we refer whatever belongs to the highest perfection of man.", "HITH'ER, a. Nearest; towards the person speaking; as on the hither side of a hill; the hither end of the building."], "hitherto": ["HITH'ERTO, adv. To this time; yet.", "The Lord hath blessed me hitherto. Josh.17.", "1. In any time, or every time till now; in time preceding the present.", "2. To this place; to a prescribed limit.", "Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further. Job.38."], "ho": ["HO, exclam. A word used by teamsters, to stop their teams. It has been used as a noun, for stop, moderation, bounds.", "There is no ho with them.word is pronounced also who, or hwo.", "HO"], "hoed": ["HO'ED, pp. Cleared from weeds, or loosened by the hoe."], "hoar": ["HOAR, a.", "1. White; as hoar frost; hoar cliffs.", "2. Gray; white with age; hoary; as a matron grave and hoar.", "HOAR, n. Hoariness; antiquity.", "HOAR, v.i. To become moldy or musty. Little used."], "hoared": ["HOARED, a. Moldy; musty. Not in use."], "hoariness": ["HOARINESS, n. from hoary. The state of being white, whitish or gray; as the hoariness of the hair or head of old men."], "hoary": ["HOARY, n. See Hoar. White or whitish; as the hoary willows.", "1. White or gray with age; as hoary hairs; a hoary head.", "Reverence the hoary head.", "2. Moldy; mossy, or covered with a white pubescence."], "hod": ["HOD, n. A kind of tray for carrying mortar and brick,used in bricklaying. It is fitted with a handle and borne on the shoulder."], "hold": ["HOLD, v.t. pret.held; pp. held. Holden is obsolete in elegant writing. Gr. to hold or restrain; Heb. to hold or contain.", "1. To stop; to confine; to restrain from escape; to keep fast; to retain. It rarely or never signifies the first act of seizing or falling on, but the act of retaining a thing when seized or confined. To grasp, is to seize, or to keep fast in the hand; hold coincides with grasp in the latter sense, but not in the former. We hold a horse by means of a bridle. An anchor holds a ship in her station.", "2. To embrace and confine, with bearing or lifting. We hold an orange in the hand, or a child in the arms.", "3. To connect; to keep from separation.", "The loops held one curtain to another. Ex.36.", "4. To maintain, as an opinion. He holds the doctrine of justification by free grace.", "5. To consider; to regard; to think; to judge, that is, to have in the mind.", "I hold him but a fool.", "The Lord will not hold him guiltless, that taketh his name in vain. Ex.20.", "6. To contain, or to have capacity to receive and contain. Here is an empty basket that holds two bushels. This empty cask holds thirty gallons. The church holds two thousand people.", "7. To retain within itself; to keep from running or flowing out. A vessel with holes in its bottom will not hold fluids.", "They have hewed them out broken cisterns that can hold no water. Jer.2.", "8. To defend; to keep possession; to maintain.", "We mean to hold what anciently we claim", "Of empire.", "9. To have; as, to hold a place, office or title.", "10. To have or possess by title; as,he held his lands of the king. The estate is held by copy of court-roll.", "11. To refrain; to stop; to restrain; to withhold. Hold your laughter. Hold your tongue.", "Death! what do'st? O, hold thy blow.", "12. To keep; as, hold your peace.", "13. To fix; to confine; to compel to observe or fulfill; as, to hold one to his promise.", "14. To confine; to restrain from motion.", "The Most High--held still the flood till they had passed. 2 Esdras.", "15. To confine; to bind; in a legal or moral sense. He is held to perform his covenants.", "16. To maintain; to retain; to continue.", "But still he held his purpose to depart.", "17. To keep in continuance or practice.", "And Night and Chaos, ancestors of nature, hold Eternal anarchy.", "18. To continue; to keep; to prosecute or carry on.", "Seed-time and harvest,heat and hoary-frost,", "Shall hold their course.", "19. To have in session; as, to hold a court or parliament; to hold a council.", "20. To celebrate; to solemnize; as, to hold a feast.", "21. To maintain; to sustain; to have in use or exercise; as, to hold an argument or debate.", "22. To sustain; to support.", "Thy right hand shall hold me. Ps.139.", "23. To carry; to wield.", "They all hold swords, being expert in war. Cant.3.", "24. To maintain; to observe in practice.", "Ye hold the traditions of men. Mark 7.", "25. To last; to endure. The provisions will hold us, till we arrive in port. So we say, the provisions will last us; but the phrase is elliptical for will hold or last for us, the verb being intransitive.", "To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose.", "Observe the connection of ideas in the propositions which books hold forth and pretend to teach.", "1. To reach forth; to put forward to view.", "To hold in, to restrain; to curb; to govern by the bridle.", "1. To restrain in general; to check; to repress.", "To hold off, to keep at a distance.", "To hold on, to continue or proceed in; as, to hold on a course.", "To hold out, to extend; to stretch forth.", "The king held out to Esther the golden scepter.Esther 5.", "1. To propose; to offer.", "Fortune holds out these to you as rewards.", "2. To continue to do or suffer.", "He cannot long hold out these pangs. Not used.", "To hold up, to raise; as, hold up your head.", "1. To sustain; to support.", "He holds himself up in virtue.", "2. To retain; to withhold.", "3. To offer; to exhibit. He held up to view the prospect of gain.", "4. To sustain; to keep from falling.", "To hold one's own, to keep good one's present condition; not to fall off, or to lose ground. In seamen's language, a ship holds her own, when she sails as fast as another ship, or keeps her course.", "To hold, is used by the Irish, for to lay, as a bet, to wager. I hold a crown, or a dollar; but this is a vulgar use of the word.", "HOLD, v.i. To be true; not to fail; to stand, as a fact or truth. This is a sound argument in many cases, but does not hold in the case under consideration.", "The rule holds in lands as well as in other things.", "In this application, we often say, to hold true, to hold good. The argument holds good in both cases. This holds true in most cases.", "1. To continue unbroken or unsubdued.", "Our force by land hath nobly held. Little used.", "2. To last; to endure.", "We now say, to hold out.", "3. To continue.", "While our obedience holds.", "4. To be fast; to be firm; not to give way, or part. The rope is strong; I believe it will hold. The anchor holds well.", "5. To refrain.", "His dauntless heart would fain have held", "From weeping.", "6. To stick or adhere. The plaster will not hold.", "To hold forth, to speak in public; to harangue; to preach; to proclaim.", "To hold in, to restrain one's self. He was tempted to laugh; he could hardly hold in.", "1. To continue in good luck. Unusual.", "To hold off, to keep at a distance; to avoid connection.", "To hold of, to be dependent on; to derive title from.", "My crown is absolute and holds of none.", "To hold on, to continue; not to be interrupted.", "The trade held on many years.", "1. To keep fast hold; to cling to.", "2. To proceed in a course. Job 17.", "To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue.", "A consumptive constitution may hold out a few years. He will accomplish the work, if his strength holds out.", "1. Not to yield; not to surrender; not to be subdued.", "The garrison still held out.", "To hold to, to cling or cleave to; to adhere.", "Else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Matt.6.", "To hold under, or from, to have title from; as petty barons holding under the greater barons.", "To hold with, to adhere to; to side with; to stand up for.hold plow, to direct or steer a plow by the hands, in tillage.", "To hold together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union.", "To hold up, to support one's self; as, to hold up under misfortunes.", "1. To cease raining; to cease, as falling weather; used impersonally. It holds up; it will hold up.", "2. To continue the same speed; to run or move fast.", "But we now say, to keep up.", "To hold a wager, to lay, to stake or to hazard a wager.", "Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop; cease; forbear; be still.", "HOLD, n. A grasp with the hand; an embrace with the arms; any act or exertion of the strength or limbs which keeps a thing fast and prevents escape. Keep your hold; never quit your hold.", "It is much used after the verbs to take, and to lay; to take hold, or to lay hold, is to seize. It is used in a literal sense; as to take hold with the hands, with the arms, or with the teeth; or in a figurative sense.", "Sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestine. Ex.15.", "Take fast hold of instruction. Prov.4.", "My soul took hold on thee.", "1. Something which may be seized for support; that which supports.", "If a man be upon a high place, without a good hold, he is ready to fall.", "2. Power of keeping.", "On your vigor now,", "My hold of this new kingdom all depends.", "3. Power of seizing.", "The law hath yet another hold on you.", "4. A prison; a place of confinement.", "They laid hands on them, and put them in hold till the next day. Acts.4.", "5. Custody; safe keeping.", "King Richard, he is in the mighty hold", "Of Bolingbroke.", "6. Power or influence operating on the mind; advantage that may be employed in directing or persuading another, or in governing his conduct.", "Fear--by which God and his laws take the surest hold of us.", "--Gives fortune no more hold of him than is necessary.", "7. Lurking place; a place of security; as the hold of a wild beast.", "8. A fortified place; a fort; a castle; often called a strong hold. Jer.51.", "9. The whole interior cavity of a ship, between the floor and the lower deck. In a vessel of one deck, the whole interior space from the keel or floor to the deck. That part of the hold which lies abaft the main-mast is called the after-hold; that part immediately before the main-mast, the main-hold; that part about the fore-hatchway, the fore-hold.", "10. In music, a mark directing the performer to rest on the note over which it is placed. It is called also a pause."], "holding": ["HOLDING, ppr. Stopping; confining; restraining; keeping; retaining; adhering; maintaining, &c.", "HOLDING, n. A tenure; a farm held of a superior.", "1. The burden or chorus of a song.", "2. Hold; influence; power over."], "hole": ["HOLE, n.", "1. A hollow place or cavity in any solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or artificial. It may differ from a rent or fissure in being wider. A cell; a den; a cave or cavern in the earth; an excavation in a rock or tree; a pit, &c. Is.11. Ezek.8.", "Nah.2. Matt.8.", "2. A perforation; an aperture; an opening in or through a solid body, left in the work or made by an instrument.", "Jehoida took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid of it. 2 Kings 12.", "3. A mean habitation; a narrow or dark lodging.", "4. An opening or means of escape; a subterfuge; in the vulgar phrase, he has a hole to creep out at.", "Arm-hole, the arm-pit; the cavity under the shoulder of a person.", "1. An opening in a garment for the arm.", "HOLE, v.i. To go into a hole.", "HOLE, v.t. To cut, dig or make a hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for the insertion of rails or bars.", "1. To drive into a bag, as in billiards."], "holily": ["HO'LILY, adv. from holy. Piously; with sanctity.", "1. Sacredly; inviolably; without breach. Little used."], "holiness": ["HO'LINESS, n. from holy. The state of being holy; purity or integrity of moral character; freedom from sin; sanctity. Applied to the Supreme Being, holiness denotes perfect purity or integrity of moral character, one of his essential attributes.", "Who is like thee, glorious in holiness? Ex.15.", "1. Applied to human beings, holiness is purity of heart or dispositions; sanctified affections; piety; moral goodness, but not perfect.", "We see piety and holiness ridiculed as morose singularities.", "2. Sacredness; the state of any thing hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship; applied to churches or temples.", "3. That which is separated to the service of God.", "Israel was holiness unto the Lord. Jer.2.", "4. A title of the pope, and formerly of the Greek emperors."], "holy": ["HO'LY, a.", "1. Properly, whole, entire or perfect, in a moral sense. Hence, pure in heart, temper or dispositions; free from sin and sinful affections. Applied to the Supreme Being, holy signifies perfectly pure, immaculate and complete in moral character; and man is more or less holy, as his heart is more or less sanctified, or purified from evil dispositions. We call a man holy,when his heart is conformed in some degree to the image of God, and his life is regulated by the divine precepts. Hence, holy is used as nearly synonymous with good, pious, godly.", "Be ye holy; for I am holy. 1 pet.1.", "2. Hallowed; consecrated or set apart to a sacred use, or to the service or worship of God; a sense frequent in Scripture; as the holy sabbath; holy oil; holy vessels; a holy nation; the holy temple; a holy priesthood.", "3. Proceeding from pious principles,or directed to pious purposes; as holy zeal.", "4. Perfectly just and good; as the holy law of God.", "5. Sacred; as a holy witness.", "Holy of holies, in Scripture, the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept,and where no person entered, except the high priest, once a year.", "Holy Ghost, or Holy Spirit, the Divine Spirit; the third person in the Trinity; the sanctifier of souls.", "Holy war, a war undertaken to rescue the holy land, the ancient Judea, from the infidels; a crusade; an expedition carried on by christians against the Saracens in the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries; a war carried on in a most unholy manner."], "hollow": ["HOL'LOW, a.", "1. Containing an empty space, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; as a hollow tree; a hollow rock; a hollow sphere.", "Hollow with boards shalt thou make it. Ex.27.", "2. Sunk deep in the orbit; as a hollow eye.", "3. Deep; low; resembling sound reverberated from a cavity, or designating such a sound; as a hollow roar.", "4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as a hollow heart; a hollow friend.", "Hollow spar, the mineral called also chiastolite.", "HOL'LOW, n. A cavity, natural or artificial; any depression of surface in a body; concavity; as the hollow of the hand.", "1. A place excavated; as the hollow of a tree.", "2. A cave or cavern; a den; a hole; a broad open space in any thing.", "3. A pit.", "4. Open space of any thing; a groove; a channel; a canal.", "HOL'LOW, v.t. To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate.", "Trees rudely hollowed did the waves sustain.", "HOL'LOW, v.i. To shout. See Holla and Hollo."], "hollowed": ["HOL'LOWED, pp. Made hollow; excavated."], "hollowing": ["HOL'LOWING, ppr. Making hollow; excavating."], "hollowness": ["HOL'LOWNESS, n. The state of being hollow; cavity; depression of surface; excavation.", "1. Insincerity; deceitfulness; treachery."], "holpen": ["HOLP, HOLPEN, the antiquated pret. and pp. of help."], "holyday": ["HOL'YDAY, n. A day set apart for commemorating some important event in history; a festival intended to celebrate some event deemed auspicious to the welfare of a nation; particularly an anniversary festival, devoted to religious solemnities; as christmas holydays.", "1. A day of joy and gayety.", "2. A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement.", "HOL'YDAY, a. Pertaining to a festival; as a holyday suit of clothes."], "home": ["HOME, n. Gr. a house, a close place, or place or rest.", "1. A dwelling house; the house or place in which one resides. He was not at home.", "Then the disciples went away again to their own home. John 20.", "Home is the sacred refuge of our life.", "2. One's own country. Let affairs at home be well managed by the administration.", "3. The place of constant residence; the seat.", "Flandria, by plenty, made the home of war.", "4. The grave; death; or a future state.", "Man goeth to his long home. Eccles.12.", "5. The present state of existence.", "Whilst we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord. 2 Cor.5.", "HOME, a. Close; severe; poignant; as a home thrust.", "HOME, adv. This is merely elliptical; to being omitted.", "1. To one's own habitation; as in the phrases, go home, come home, bring home, carry home.", "2. To one's own country. Home is opposed to abroad, or in a foreign country. My brother will return home in the first ship from India.", "3. Close; closely; to the point; as, this consideration comes home to our interest, that is, it nearly affects it. Drive the nail home, that is, drive it close.", "To haul home the top-sail sheets, in seamen's language, is to draw the bottom of the top-sail close to the yard-arm by means of the sheets.", "An anchor is said to come home, when it loosens from the ground by the violence of the wind or current, &c."], "homely": ["HO'MELY, a. from home. Of plain features; not handsome; as a homely face. It expresses less than ugly.", "Let time, which makes you homely, make you wise.", "1. Plain, like that which is made for common domestic use; rude; coarse; not fine or elegant; as a homely garment; a homely house; homely are.", "Now Strephon daily entertains", "His Chloe in the homeliest strains.", "HO'MELY, adv. Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as homely dressed. Little used."], "homeborn": ["HO'MEBORN, a. Native; natural.", "1. Domestic; not foreign."], "homeric": ["HOMER'IC, a. Pertaining to Homer,the great poet of Greece, or to his poetry; resembling Homer's verse."], "hone": ["HONE, n. A stone of a fine grit, used for sharpening instruments that require a fine edge, and particularly for setting razors. We never, I believe, call a hone, a whet-stone. The latter is a stone of coarse grit. See the word.", "HONE, v.t. To rub and sharpen on a bone; as, to hone a razor.", "HONE, v.i. To pine; to long."], "honest": ["HON'EST, a. on'est. L. honestus, from honos, honor.", "1. Upright; just; fair in dealing with others; free from trickishness and fraud; acting and having the disposition to act at all times according to justice or correct moral principles; applied to persons.", "An honest man's the noblest work of God.", "An honest physician leaves his patient, when he can contribute no farther to his health.", "2. Fair; just; equitable; free from fraud; as an honest transaction; an honest transfer of property.", "3. Frank; sincere; unreserved; according to truth; as an honest confession.", "4. Sincere; proceeding from pure or just principles, or directed to a good object; as an honest inquiry after truth; an honest endeavor; honest views or motives.", "5. Fair; good; unimpeached.", "Seek seven men of honest report. Acts.6.", "6. Decent; honorable; or suitable.", "Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Rom.12.", "7. Chaste; faithful.", "Wives may be merry, and yet honest too.", "HON'EST, v.t. on'est. To adorn; to grace. Not used."], "honestly": ["HON'ESTLY, adv. on'estly. Uprightly; justly; with integrity and fairness; as a contract honestly made.", "1. With frank sincerity; without fraud or disguise; according to truth; as, to confess honestly one's real design.", "2. By upright means; with upright conduct; as, to live honestly.", "3. Chastely; with conjugal loyalty and fidelity."], "honesty": ["HON'ESTY, n. on'esty. L. honestas.", "1. In principle, an upright disposition; moral rectitude of heart; a disposition to conform to justice and correct moral principles, in all social transactions. In fact, upright conduct; an actual conformity to justice and moral rectitude.", "2. Fairness; candor; truth; as the honesty of a narrative.", "3. Frank sincerity.", "Honesty is chiefly applicable to social transactions, or mutual dealings in the exchange of property."], "honey": ["HON'EY, n. hun'y.", "1. A sweet vegetable juice, collected by bees from the flowers of plants, and deposited in cells of the comb in hives. Honey, when pure, is of a moderate consistence, of a whitish color,tinged with yellow,sweet to the taste, of an agreeable smell, soluble in water, and becoming vinous by fermentation. In medicine, it is useful as a detergent and aperient. It is supposed to consist of sugar, mucilage, and an acid.", "2. Sweetness; lusciousness.", "The king hath found", "Matter against him, that forever mars", "The honey of his language.", "3. A word of tenderness; sweetness; sweet one.", "HON'EY, v.t. To talk fondly. Little used.", "1. To sweeten."], "honeyed": ["HON'EYED, a. Covered with honey.", "1. Sweet; as honeyed words."], "hood": ["HOOD. L. fraternitas.", "HOOD, n.", "1. A covering for the head used by females, and deeper than a bonnet.", "2. A covering for the head and shoulders used by monks; a cowl.", "3. A covering for a hawk's head or eyes; used in falconry.", "4. Any thing to be drawn over the head to cover it.", "5. An ornamental fold that hangs down the back of a graduate to mark his degree.", "6. A low wooden porch over the ladder which leads to the steerage of a ship; the upper part of a galley-chimney; the cover of a pump.", "HOOD, v.t. To dress in a hood or cowl; to put on a hood.", "The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned.", "1. To cover; to blind.", "I'll hood my eyes.", "2. To cover.", "And hood the flames."], "hooded": ["HOOD'ED, pp. Covered with a hood; blinded."], "hoof": ["HOOF, n.", "1. The horny substance that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, sheep, goats, deer, &c.", "2. An animal; a beast.", "He had not a single hoof of any kind to slaughter.", "HOOF, v.i. To walk, as cattle. Little used."], "hoofed": ["HOOF'ED, a. Furnished with of hoofs.", "Of all the hoofed quadrupeds,the horse is the most beautiful."], "hook": ["HOOK, n.", "1. A piece of iron or other metal bent into a curve for catching, holding and sustaining any thing; as a hook for catching fish; a teeter-hook; a chimney-hook; a pot-hook, &c.", "2. A snare; a trap.", "3. A curving instrument for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping.", "4. That part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a post. Whence the phrase, to be off the hooks, to be unhinged, to be disturbed or disordered.", "5. A forked timber in a ship, placed on the keel.", "6. A catch; an advantage. Vulgar.", "7. In husbandry, a field sown two years running. Local.", "By hook and by crook, one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect.", "HOOK, v.t. To catch with a hook; as, to hook a fish.", "1. To seize and draw, as with a hook.", "2. To fasten with a hook.", "3. To entrap; to ensnare.", "4. To draw by force or artifice.", "To hook on, to apply a hook.", "HOOK, v.i. To bend; to be curving."], "hooked": ["HOOK'ED, a. Bent into the form of a hook; curvated. The claws of a beast are hooked.", "1. Bent; curvated; aquiline; as a hooked nose.", "HOOK'ED, pp. Caught with a hook; fastened with a hook."], "hooking": ["HOOK'ING, ppr. Catching with a hook; fastening with a hook."], "hope": ["HOPE, n. L. cupio.", "1. A desire of some good, accompanied with at least a slight expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable. Hope differs from wish and desire in this, that it implies some expectation of obtaining the good desired, or the possibility of possessing it. Hope therefore always gives pleasure or joy; whereas wish and desire may produce or be accompanied with pain and anxiety.", "The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job.8.", "He wish'ed, but not with hope--", "Sweet hope! kind cheat!", "He that lives upon hope, will die fasting.", "2. Confidence in a future event; the highest degree of well founded expectation of good; as a hope founded on God's gracious promises; a scriptural sense.", "A well founded scriptural hope,is, in our religion, the source of ineffable happiness.", "3. That which gives hope; he or that which furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good. The hope of Israel is the Messiah.", "The Lord will be the hope of his people. Joel 3.", "4. An opinion or belief not amounting to certainty, but grounded on substantial evidence. The christian indulges a hope, that his sins are pardoned.", "HOPE, v.i.", "1. To cherish a desire of food, with some expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable.", "Hope for good success.", "Be sober and hope to the end. 1 Pet.1.", "Hope humbly then, with trembling pinions soar.", "2. To place confidence in; to trust in with confident expectation of good.", "Why art thou cast down, O my soul,and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God. Ps.43.", "HOPE, v.t. To desire with expectation of good, or a belief that it may be obtained. But as a transitive verb, it is seldom used,and the phrases in which it is so used are elliptical, for being understood.", "So stands the Thracian herdsman with his spear,", "Full in the gap,and hopes the hunted bear.", "HOPE, n. A sloping plain between ridges of mountains. Not in use."], "hoped": ["HO'PED, pp. Desired with expectation."], "hopeful": ["HO'PEFUL, a. Having qualities which excite hope; promising or giving ground to expect good or success; as a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect.", "1. Full of hope or desire,with expectation.", "I was hopeful the success of your first attempts would encourage you to the trial of more nice and difficult experiments."], "hopefulness": ["HO'PEFULNESS, n. Promise of good; ground to expect what is desirable."], "hoping": ["HO'PING, ppr. Having hope; indulging desire of good with the expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable.", "1. Confiding in."], "hopingly": ["HO'PINGLY, adv. With hope or desire of good, and expectation of obtaining it."], "horn": ["HORN, n. L. cornu", "1. A hard substance growing on the heads of certain animals, and particularly on cloven-footed quadrupeds; usually projecting to some length and terminating in a point. Horns are generally bent or curving, and those of some animals are spiral. They serve for weapons of offense and defense. The substance of horns is gelatinous, and in Papin's digester it may be converted into jelly.", "Horn is an animal substance, chiefly membranous, consisting of coagulated albumen, with a little gelatin and phosphate of lime.", "The horns of deer possess exactly the properties of bone,and are composed of the same constituents, only the proportion of cartilage is greater.", "2. A wind instrument of music, made of horn; a trumpet. Such were used by the Israelites.", "3. In modern times, a wind instrument made of metal.", "4. An extremity of the moon, when it is waxing or waning, and forming a crescent.", "5. The feeler or antenna of an insect.", "6. The feeler of a snail, which may be withdrawn; hence, to pull or draw in the horns, is to repress one's ardor, or to restrain pride.", "7. A drinking cup; horns being used anciently for cups.", "8. A winding stream.", "9. Horns, in the plural, is used to characterize a cuckold. He wears the horns.", "10. In Scripture, horn is a symbol of strength or power.", "The horn of Moab is cut off. Jer.48.", "Horn is also an emblem of glory, honor, dignity.", "My horn is exalted in the Lord. 1 Sam.2.", "In Daniel, horn represents a kingdom or state."], "horned": ["HORN'ED, a. Furnished with horns; as horned cattle.", "1. Shaped like a crescent, or the new moon."], "horning": ["HORN'ING, n. Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent."], "hornet": ["HORN'ET, n. An insect of the genus Vespa or wasp, the Vespa crabro. It is much larger and stronger than the wasp, and its sting gives severe pain. This insect constructs a nest of leaves or other substance which resembles brown paper of a light color. This is attached to the branches of trees,and often of the size of a half-peck measure."], "horrible": ["HOR'RIBLE, a. L. horribilis. See Horror. Exciting or tending to excite horror; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as a horrible figure or sight; a horrible story.", "A dungeon horrible on all sides round."], "horribleness": ["HOR'RIBLENESS, n. The state or qualities that may excite horror; dreadfulness; terribleness; hideousness."], "horribly": ["HOR'RIBLY, adv. In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly; as horribly loud; horribly afraid."], "horror": ["HOR'ROR, n. L. from horreo, to shake or shiver, or to set up the bristles,to be rough.", "1. A shaking, shivering or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever. This ague is usually accompanied with a contraction of the skin into small wrinkles, giving it a kind of roughness.", "2. An excessive degree of fear,or a painful emotion which makes a person tremble; terror; a shuddering with fear; but appropriately, terror or a sensation approaching it, accompanied with hatred or detestation. Horror is often a passion compounded of fear and hatred or disgust. The recital of a bloody deed fills us with horror.", "A horror of great darkness fell on Abram. Gen.15.", "Horror hath taken hold on me, because of the wicked that forsake thy law. Ps.119.", "3. That which may excite horror or dread; gloom; dreariness.", "And breathes a browner horror on the woods.", "4. Dreadful thoughts.", "5. Distressing scenes; as the horrors of war or famine."], "horse": ["HORSE, n. hors.", "1. A species of quadrupeds of the genus Equus, having six erect and parallel fore-teeth in the upper jaw, and six somewhat prominent in the under jaw; the dog teeth are solitary, and the feet consist of an undivided hoof. The horse is a beautiful animal, and of great use for draught or conveyance on his back. Horse, in English, is of common gender, and may comprehend the male and female.", "2. A constellation.", "3. Cavalry; a body of troops serving on horseback. In this sense, it has no plural termination. We say, a thousand horse, a regiment of horse.", "4. A machine by which something is supported; usually a wooden frame with legs. Various machines used in the arts are thus called.", "5. A wooden machine on which soldiers ride by way of punishment; sometimes called a timber-mare.", "6. In seamen's language, a rope extending from the middle of a yard to its extremity, to support the sailors while they loose, reef or furl the sails, also, a thick rope extended near the mast for hoisting a yard or extending a sail on it.", "To take horse to set out to ride on horseback.", "1. To be covered, as a mare.", "HORSE, v.t. To mount on a horse.", "1. To carry on the back.", "The keeper, horsing a deer.", "2. To ride astride; as ridges horsed.", "3. To cover a mare, as the male."], "horseback": ["HORSEBACK, n. hors'back. The state of being on a horse; the posture of riding on a horse.", "I saw them salute on horseback."], "horseman": ["HORSEMAN, n. A rider on horseback.", "1. A man skilled in riding.", "2. A soldier who serves on horseback."], "hosanna": ["HOSAN'NA, n. s as z. Heb. save, I beseech you.", "An exclamation of praise to God, or an invocation of blessings. In the Hebrew ceremonies, it was a prayer rehearsed on the several days of the feast of tabernacles,in which this word was often repeated."], "hospitable": ["HOS'PITABLE, a. L. hospitalis, from hospes, a guest.", "1. Receiving and entertaining strangers,with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; disposed to treat guests with generous kindness; as a hospitable man.", "2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness to guests; manifesting generosity; as a hospitable table; hospitable rites.", "3. Inviting to strangers; offering kind reception; indicating hospitality.", "To where yon taper cheers the vale,", "With hospitable ray."], "hospitably": ["HOS'PITABLY, adv. With kindness to strangers or guests; with generous and liberal entertainment."], "hospital": ["HOS'PITAL, n. L. hospitalis, supra.", "1. A building appropriated for the reception of sick,infirm and helpless paupers,who are supported and nursed by charity; also, a house for the reception of insane persons, whether paupers or not, or for seamen, soldiers, foundlings, &c. who are supported by the public, or by private charity, or for infected persons, &c.", "2. A place for shelter or entertainment.", "HOS'PITAL, a. Hospitable. Not in use."], "hospitality": ["HOSPITAL'ITY, n. L. hospitalitas. The act or practice of receiving and entertaining strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality.", "A bishop--must be given to hospitality. 1 Tim.3.", "Hospitality I have found as universal as the face of man."], "hospitate": ["HOS'PITATE, v.i. L. hospitor. To reside or lodge under the roof of another. Not used.", "HOS'PITATE, v.t. To lodge a person. Not used."], "host": ["HOST, n. L.hostis, a stranger, an enemy, probably of the same family. See Hospitable.", "1. One who entertains another at his own house, without reward.", "Homer never entertained guests or hosts with long speeches.", "2. One who entertains another at his house for reward; an innkeeper; a landlord.", "3. A guest; one who is entertained at the house of another. The innkeeper says of the traveler,he has a good host,and the traveler says of his landlord, he has a kind host. See Guest.", "HOST, n. L. hostis, a stranger, an enemy. The sense is probably transferred from a single foe to an army of foes.", "1. An army; a number of men embodied for war.", "2. Any great number or multitude.", "HOST, n. L. hostia, a victim or sacrifice, from hostis, an enemy.", "In the Romish church, the sacrifice of the mass, or the consecrated wafer, representing the body of Christ, or as the Catholics allege, transubstantiated into his own body.", "HOST, v.i. To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. Little used.", "HOST, v.t. To give entertainment to. Not used."], "hosting": ["HOSTING, n. from host, an army.", "An encounter; a battle. Little used.", "1. A muster or review."], "hostage": ["HOS'TAGE, n. A person delivered to an enemy or hostile power, as a pledge to secure the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, and on the performance of which the person is to be released."], "hot": ["HOT, a.", "1. Having sensible heat; opposed to cold; as a hot stove or fire; a hot cloth; hot liquors. Hot expresses more than warm.", "2. Ardent in temper; easily excited or exasperated; vehement.", "Achilles is impatient, hot and revengeful.", "3. Violent; furious; as a hot engagement or assault.", "4. Eager; animated;; brisk; keen; as a hot pursuit, or a person hot in a pursuit.", "5. Lustful; lewd.", "6. Acrid; biting; stimulating; pungent; as hot as mustard or pepper."], "hotness": ["HOT'NESS, n. Sensible heat beyond a moderate degree or warmth.", "1. Violence; vehemence; fury."], "hotly": ["HOT'LY, adv. from hot. With heat.", "1. Ardently; vehemently; violently; as a stag hotly pursued.", "2. Lustfully."], "hough": ["HOUGH, n. hok.", "1. The lower part of the thigh; the ham; the joint of the hind leg of a beast that connects the thigh with the leg.", "2. An adz; a hoe. Not in use.", "HOUGH, v.t. hok. To hamstring; to disable by cutting the sinews of the ham.", "1. To cut with a hoe."], "hour": ["HOUR, n. our. L. hora; also L. tempestivus, from tempus. See Time. But hour, hora, afterward came to signify a certain portion or division of the day. This has been different in different nations.", "1. A space of time equal to one twenty fourth part of the natural day, or duration of the diurnal revolution of the earth. An hour answers to fifteen degrees of the equator. It consists of 60 minutes, each minute of 60 seconds, &c.", "2. Time; a particular time; as the hour of death.", "Jesus saith, woman,my hour is not yet come. John.2.", "3. The time marked or indicated by a chronometer, clock or watch; the particular time of the day. What is the hour? At what hour shall we meet? I will be with you at an early hour.", "Good hour, signifies early or seasonably.", "You have arrived at a good hour.", "To keep good hours, to be at home in good season; not to be abroad late, or at the usual hours of retiring to rest.", "Hours, in the plural, certain prayers in the Romish church, to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers."], "house": ["HOUSE, n. hous. L. casa; Heb. to put on, to cover.", "1. In a general sense, a building or shed intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but appropriately, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, mansion or abode for any of the human species. It may be of any size and composed of any materials whatever, wood, stone, brick, &c.", "2. An edifice or building appropriated to the worship of God; a temple; a church; as the house of God.", "3. A monastery; a college; as a religious house.", "4. The manner of living; the table.", "He keeps a good house, or a miserable house.", "5. In astrology, the station of a planet in the heavens, or the twelfth part of the heavens.", "6. A family of ancestors; descendants and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe. It particularly denotes a noble family or an illustrious race; as the house of Austria; the house of Hanover. So in Scripture, the house of Israel,or of Judah.", "Two of a house few ages can afford.", "7. One of the estates of a kingdom assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in their legislative capacity, and holding their place by right or by election. Thus we say, the house of lords or peers of Great Britain; the house of commons; the house of representatives. In most of the United States, the legislatures consist of two houses, the senate, and the house of representatives or delegates.", "8. The quorum of a legislative body; the number of representatives assembled who are constitutionally empowered to enact laws. Hence we say, there is a sufficient number of representatives present to form a house.", "9. In Scripture, those who dwell in a house and compose a family; a household.", "Cornelius was a devout man, and feared God with all his house. Acts.10.", "10. Wealth; estate.", "Ye devour widows' houses. Matt.23.", "11. The grave; as the house appointed for all living. Job.30.", "12. Household affairs; domestic concerns.", "Set thy house in order. 2 Kings.20.", "13. The body; the residence of the soul in this world; as our earthly house. 2 Cor.5.", "14. The church among the Jews.", "Moses was faithful in all his house. Heb.3.", "15. A place of residence. Egypt is called the house of bondage. Ex.13.", "16. A square, or division on a chess board.", "HOUSE, v.t. houz. To cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to shelter; to protect by covering; as, to house wood; to house farming utensils; to house cattle.", "1. To admit to residence; to harbor.", "Palladius wished him to house all the Helots.", "2. To deposit and cover, as in the grave.", "3. To drive to a shelter.", "HOUSE, v.i. houz. To take shelter or lodgings; to keep abode; to reside.", "To house with darkness and with death.", "1. To have an astrological station in the heavens.", "Where Saturn houses."], "housed": ["HOUS'ED, pp. s as z. Put under cover; sheltered."], "housing": ["HOUS'ING , n. Among seamen, a small line formed of three strands, smaller than rope-yard, used for seizings, &c."], "household": ["HOUSEHOLD, n. hous'hold. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family; those who belong to a family.", "I baptized also the household of Stephanus. 1 Cor.1.", "1. Family life; domestic management.", "HOUSEHOLD, a. hous'hold. Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as household furniture; household affairs."], "householder": ["HOUSEHOLDER, n. hous'holder. The master or chief of a family; one who keeps house with his family. Matt.13."], "how": ["HOW, adv. In what manner. I know not how to answer.", "How can a man be born when he is old?", "How can these things be? John 3.", "1. To what degree or extent. How long shall we suffer these indignities? How much better is wisdom than gold!", "O how love I thy law! How sweet are thy words to my taste. Ps.119.", "2. For what reason; from what cause.", "How now, my love, why is your cheek so pale?", "3. By what means. How can this effect by produced?", "4. In what state.", "How, and with what reproach shall I return!", "5. It is used in a sense marking proportion; as how much less; how much more.", "Behold, he putteth no trust in his servants--how much less in them that dwell in houses of clay-- Job.4.", "By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility and fountains and rivers of the earth.", "6. It is much used in exclamation.", "How are the mighty fallen! 2 Sam.1.", "7. In some popular phrases, how is superfluous or inelegant.", "Thick clouds put us in some hope of land; knowing how that part of the South Sea was utterly unknown."], "howbeit": ["HOWBE'IT, adv. how, be, and it. Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; but; however."], "howl": ["HOWL, v.i. L. ululo.", "1. To cry as a dog or wolf; to utter a particular kind of loud, protracted and mournful sound. We say, the dog howls; the wolf howls. Hence,", "2. To utter a loud, mournful sound, expressive of distress; to wail.", "Howl lye, for the day of the Lord is at hand. Is.13.", "Ye rich men, weep and howl. James.5.", "3. To roar; as a tempest.", "HOWL, v.t. To utter or speak with outcry.", "Go--howl it out in deserts.", "HOWL, n. The cry of a dog or wolf, or other like sound.", "1. The cry of a human being in horror or anguish."], "howling": ["HOWL'ING, ppr. Uttering the cry of a dog or wolf; uttering a loud cry of distress.", "HOWL'ING, a. Filled with howls, or howling beasts; dreary.", "Innumerable artifices and stratagems are acted in the howling wilderness and in the great deep,that can never come to our knowledge.", "HOWL'ING, n. The act of howling; a loud outcry or mournful sound."], "howsoever": ["HOWSOEV'ER, adv. how, so, and ever.", "1. In what manner soever.", "2. Although.", "For this word, however is generally used."], "huge": ["HUGE, a.", "1. Very large or great; enormous; applied to bulk or size; as a huge mountain; a huge ox.", "2. It is improperly applied to space and distance, in the sense of great, vast, immense; as a hugh space; a hugh difference. This is inelegant, or rather vulgar.", "3. In colloquial language, very great; enormous; as a huge feeder."], "hugely": ["HU'GELY, adv. Very greatly; enormously; immensely.", "Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea?"], "hugeness": ["HU'GENESS, n. Enormous bulk or largeness; as the hugeness of a mountain or of an elephant."], "humble": ["HUM'BLE, a. L. humilis.", "1. Low; opposed to high or lofty.", "Thy humble nest built on the ground.", "2. Low; opposed to lofty or great; mean; not magnificent; as a humble cottage.", "A humble roof, and an obscure retreat.", "3. Lowly; modest; meek; submissive; opposed to proud,haughty, arrogant or assuming. In an evangelical sense, having a low opinion of one's self, and a deep sense of unworthiness in the sight of God.", "God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble. James 4.", "Without a humble imitation of the divine author of our blessed religion, we can never hope to be a happy nation.", "HUM'BLE, v.t. To abase; to reduce to a low state. This victory humbled the pride of Rome. The power of Rome was humbled, but not subdued.", "1. To crush; to break; to subdue. The battle of Waterloo humbled the power of Buonaparte.", "2. To mortify.", "3. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride of; to reduce arrogance and self-dependence; to give a low opinion of one's moral worth; to make meek and submissive to the divine will; the evangelical sense.", "Humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you. 1 Pet.5.", "Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart. 2 Chron. 32.", "4. To make to condescend.", "He humbles himself to speak to them.", "5. To bring down; to lower; to reduce.", "The highest mountains may be humbled into valleys.", "6. To deprive of chastity. Deut. 21.", "To humble one's self, to repent; to afflict one's self for sin; to make contrite."], "humbled": ["HUM'BLED, pp. Made low; abased; rendered meek and submissive; penitent."], "humbleness": ["HUM'BLENESS, n. The state of being humble or low; humility; meekness."], "humbly": ["HUM'BLY, adv. In a humble manner; with modest submissiveness; with humility.", "Hope humbly the, with trembling pinions soar,", "Wait the great teacher, death, and God adore.", "1. In a low state or condition; without elevation."], "humiliate": ["HUMIL'IATE, v.t. L. humilio. To humble; to lower in condition; to depress; as humiliated slaves."], "humiliated": ["HUMIL'IATED, pp. Humbled; depressed; degraded."], "humiliating": ["HUMIL'IATING, ppr. Humbling; depressing.", "1. Abating pride; reducing self-confidence; mortifying."], "humiliation": ["HUMILIA'TION, n. The act of humbling; the state of being humbled.", "1. Descent from an elevated state or rank to one that is low or humble.", "The former was a humiliation of deity; the latter, a humiliation of manhood.", "2. The act of abasing pride; or the state of being reduced to lowliness of mind, meekness, penitence and submission.", "The doctrine he preached was humiliation and repentance.", "3. Abasement of pride; mortification."], "humility": ["HUMIL'ITY, n. L. humilitas.", "1. In ethics, freedom from pride and arrogance; humbleness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth. In theology, humility consists in lowliness of mind; a deep sense of one's own unworthiness in the sight of God, self-abasement, penitence for sin, and submission to the divine will.", "Before honor is humility. Prov.15.", "Serving the Lord with all humility of mind. Acts.20.", "2. Act of submission.", "With these humilities they satisfied the young king."], "hundred": ["HUND'RED, a. L. centum. Denoting the product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; as a hundred men.", "HUND'RED, n. A collection, body or sum, consisting of ten times ten individuals or units; the number 100.", "1. A division or part of a county in England, supposed to have originally contained a hundred families,or a hundred warriors, or a hundred manors. But as the word denotes primarily a circuit or division, it is not certin that Alfred's divisions had any reference to that number."], "hundredth": ["HUND'REDTH, a. The ordinal of a hundred."], "hunger": ["HUN'GER, n.", "1. An uneasy sensation occasioned by the want of food; a craving of food by the stomach; craving appetite. Hunger is not merely want of food, for persons when sick,may abstain long from eating without hunger, or an appetite for food. Hunger therefore is the pain or uneasiness of the stomach of a healthy person, when too long destitute of food.", "2. Any strong or eager desire.", "For hunger of my gold I die.", "HUN'GER, v.i. To feel the pain or uneasiness which is occasioned by long abstinence from food; to crave food.", "1. To desire with great eagerness; to long for.", "Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness. Matt.5.", "HUN'GER, v.t. To famish. Not in use."], "hungering": ["HUN'GERING, ppr. Feeling the uneasiness of want of food; desiring eagerly; longing for; craving."], "hungred": ["HUN'GRED, a. Hungry; pinched by want of food."], "hungry": ["HUN'GRY, a. Having a keen appetite; feeling pain or uneasiness from want of food. Eat only when you are hungry.", "1. Having an eager desire.", "2. Lean; emaciated, as if reduced by hunger.", "Cassius has a lean and hungry look.", "3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; requiring substances to enrich itself; as a hungry soil; a hungry gravel."], "hunt": ["HUNT, v.t.", "1. To chase wild animals, particularly quadrupeds, for the purpose of catching them for food, or for the diversion of sportsmen; to pursue with hounds for taking, as game; as, to hunt stag or a hare.", "2. To go in search of, for the purpose of shooting; as, to hunt wolves, bears, squirrels or partridges. This is the common use of the word in America. It includes fowling by shooting.", "3. To pursue; to follow closely.", "Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Ps.140.", "4. To use, direct or mange hounds in the chase.", "He hunts a pack of dogs.", "To hunt out or after, to seek; to search for.", "To hunt from, to pursue and drive out or away.", "To hunt down, to depress; to bear down by persecution or violence.", "HUNT, v.i. To follow the chase. Gen.27.", "1. To seek wild animals for game, or for killing them by shooting when noxious; with for; as, to hunt for bears or wolves; to hunt for quails, or for ducks.", "2. To seek by close pursuit; to search; with for.", "The adulteress will hunt for the precious life. Prov.6.", "HUNT, n. A chase of wild animals for catching them.", "1. A huntsman. Not in use.", "2. A pack of hounds.", "3. Pursuit; chase.", "4. A seeking of wild animals of any kind for game; as a hunt for squirrels."], "hunted": ["HUNT'ED, pp. Chased; pursued; sought."], "hunting": ["HUNT'ING, ppr. Chasing for seizure; pursuing; seeking; searching.", "HUNT'ING, n. The act or practice of pursuing wild animals, for catching or killing them. Hunting was originally practiced by men for the purpose of procuring food, as it still is by uncivilized nations. But among civilized men, it is practiced mostly for exercise or diversion, or for the destruction of noxious animals,as in America.", "1. A pursuit; a seeking."], "hunter": ["HUNT'ER, n. One who pursues wild animals with a view to take them, either for sport or for food.", "1. A dog that scents game, or is employed in the chase.", "2. A horse used in the chase."], "hurl": ["HURL, v.t.", "1. To throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone.", "And hurl them headlong to their fleet and main.", "2. To utter with vehemence; as, to hurl out vows. Not in use.", "3. To play at a kind of game.", "HURL, n. The act of throwing with violence.", "1. Tumult; riot; commotion."], "hurled": ["HURL'ED, pp. Thrown with violence."], "hurling": ["HURL'ING, ppr. Throwing with force; playing at hurling."], "hurt": ["HURT, v.t. pret. and pp. hurt.", "1. To bruise; to give pain by a contusion, pressure, or any violence to the body. We hurt the body by a severe blow, or by tight clothes, and the feet by fetters. Ps.105.", "2. To wound; to injure or impair the sound state of the body,as by incision or fracture.", "3. To harm; to damage; to injure by occasioning loss. We hurt a man by destroying his property.", "4. To injure by diminution; to impair.", "A man hurts his estate by extravagance.", "5. To injure by reducing in quality; to impair the strength,purity or beauty of.", "Hurt not the wine and the oil--Rev.6.", "6. To harm; to injure; to damage, in general.", "7. To wound; to injure; to give pain to; as, to hurt the feelings.", "HURT, n. A wound; a bruise; any thing that gives pain to the body.", "The pains of sickness and hurts.", "1. Harm; mischief; injury.", "I have slain a man to my wounding, and a young man to my hurt. Gen.4.", "2. Injury; loss.", "Why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings? Ezra.4."], "hurtful": ["HURT'FUL, a. Injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or destruction; tending to impair or destroy. Negligence is hurtful to property; intemperance is hurtful to health."], "hurtfulness": ["HURT'FULNESS, n. Injuriousness; tendency to occasion loss or destruction; mischievousness."], "husband": ["HUS'BAND, n. s as z.", "1. A man contracted or joined to a woman by marriage. A man to whom a woman is betrothed, as well as one actually united by marriage, is called a husband. Lev.19. Deut.22.", "2. In seaman's language, the owner of a ship who manages its concerns in person.", "3. The male of animals of a lower order.", "4. An economist; a good manager; a man who knows and practices the methods of frugality and profit. In this sense, the word is modified by an epithet; as a good husband; a bad husband. But in America, this application of the word is little or not at all used.", "5. A farmer; a cultivator; a tiller of the ground. In this sense, it is not used in America. We always use husbandman.", "HUS'BAND, v.t. To direct and manage with frugality in expending any thing; to use or employ in the manner best suited to produce the greatest effect; to use with economy. We say, a man husbands his estate,his means or his time.", "He is conscious how ill he has husbanded the great deposit of his Creator.", "1. To till; to cultivate with good management.", "2. To supply with a husband. Little used."], "husbandable": ["HUS'BANDABLE, a. Manageable with economy."], "husbanded": ["HUS'BANDED, pp. Used or managed with economy; well managed."], "husbanding": ["HUS'BANDING, ppr. Using or managing with frugality."], "husbandman": ["HUS'BANDMAN, n. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground; one who labors in tillage. In America, where men generally own the land on which they labor,the proprietor of a farm is also a laborer or husbandman; but the word includes the lessee and the owner.", "1. The master of a family. Not in use in America."], "husbandry": ["HUS'BANDRY, n. The business of a farmer, comprehending agriculture or tillage of the ground, the raising, managing and fattening of cattle and other domestic animals, the management of the dairy and whatever the land produces.", "1. Frugality; domestic economy; good management; thrift. But in this sense we generally prefix good; as good husbandry.", "2. Care of domestic affairs."], "husk": ["HUSK, n. The external covering of certain fruits or seeds of plants. It is the calyx of the flower or glume of corn and grasses, formed of valves embracing the seed. The husks of the small grains, when separated, are called chaff; but in America we apply the word chiefly to the covering of the ears or seeds of maiz, which is never denominated chaff. It is sometimes used in England for the rind, skin or hull of seeds.", "HUSK, v.t. To strip off the external integument or covering of the fruits or seeds of plants; as, to husk maiz."], "husked": ["HUSK'ED, pp. Stripped of its husks.", "1. Covered with a husk."], "husking": ["HUSK'ING, ppr. Stripping off husks.", "HUSK'ING, n. The act of stripping off husks. In New England, the practice of farmers it to invite their neighbors to assist them in stripping their maiz, in autumnal evenings, and this is called a husking."], "hymn": ["HYMN, n. hym. L. hymnus; Eng. hum.song or ode in honor of God, and among pagans, in honor of some deity. A hymn among christians is a short poem,composed for religious service, or a song of joy and praise to God. The word primarily expresses the tune,but it is used for the ode or poem.", "And when the had sung a hymn, they went out to the mount of Olives. Matt.26.", "HYMN, v.t. hym. To praise in song; to worship by singing hymns.", "1. To sing; to celebrate in song. They hymn their maker's praise.", "HYMN, v.i. hym. To sing in praise or adoration."], "hymned": ["HYM'NED, pp. Sung; praised; celebrated in song."], "hymning": ["HYM'NING, ppr. Praising in song; singing."], "hypocrisy": ["HYPOC'RISY, n. L. hypocrisis; Gr. simulation; to feign; to separate, discern or judge.", "1. Simulation; a feigning to be what one is not; or dissimulation, a concealment of one's real character or motives. More generally, hypocrisy is simulation, or the assuming of a false appearance of virtue or religion; a deceitful show of a good character, in morals or religion; a counterfeiting of religion.", "Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. Luke 12.", "2. Simulation; deceitful appearance; false pretence.", "Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy."], "hypocrite": ["HYP'OCRITE, n.", "1. One who feigns to be what he is not; one who has the form of godliness without the power, or who assumes an appearance of piety and virtue, when he is destitute of true religion.", "And the hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job.8.", "2. A dissembler; one who assumes a false appearance.", "Fair hypocrite, you seek to cheat in vain."], "hypocritical": ["HYPOCRIT'ICAL, a. Simulating; counterfeiting a religions character; assuming a false and deceitful appearance; applied to persons.", "1. Dissembling; concealing one's real character or motives.", "2. Proceeding from hypocrisy, or marking hypocrisy; as a hypocritical face or look."], "hypocritically": ["HYPOCRIT'ICALLY, adv. With simulation; with a false appearance of what is good; falsely; without sincerity."], "hyssop": ["HYSSOP, n. hy'sop. L. hyssopus; Gr. It would be well to write this word hysop. A plant or genus of plants, one species of which is cultivated for use. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm pungent taste. Hyssop was much used by the Jews in purification."], "i": ["I is the ninth letter,and the third vowel of the English Alphabet. We receive it through the Latin and Greek from the Shemitic jod,je, or ye, in Greek iwra,whence our English word jot. The vowel in French, and in most European languages, has the long fine sound which we express by e in me, or ee in seen, meek. This sound we retain in some foreign words which are naturalized in our language, as in machine, intrigue. But in most English words this long sound is shortened, as in holiness, pity, gift; in which words the sound of i coincides with that of y in hypocrite,cycle,and at the end of words, in unaccented syllables, as in holy, glory. It is this short sound of the French and Italian i, which we hear in the pronunciation of been, which we pronounce bin. After l, this letter has sometimes the liquid sound of y, as in million, pronounced milyon. This sound corresponds with that of the Hebrews, as in Joseph, which in Syria is pronounced Yoseph,and with the sound of the German j, as in ja, jahr, that is ya, yahr.", "The sound of i long, as in fine, kind, arise, is diphthongal; it begins with a sound approaching that of broad a, but it is not exactly the same, as the organs are not opened to the same extent, and therefore the sound begins a little above that of aw. The sound, if continued,closes with one that nearly approaches to that of e long. This sound can be learned only by the ear. This letter enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field,seize, feign, vein, friend; and with o in oil,join, coin,it helps to form a proper diphthong.", "No English word ends with i, but when the sound of the letter occurs at the end of a word,it is expressed by y.", "As a numeral I signifies one, and stands for as many units as it is repeated in times, as II, two, III, three, &c. When it stands before V or X, it subtracts itself,and the numerals denote one less than the V or the X. Thus IV expresses four, one less than V, five; IX stands for nine, one less than X, ten. But when it is placed after V or X, it denotes the addition of an unit, or as many units as the letter is repeated in times. Thus VI is five and one, or six, and XI is ten and one, or eleven; VIII stands for five and three, or eight, &c.", "I, formerly prefixed to some English words, as in ibuilt, is a contraction of the Saxon prefix ge; and more generally this was written y.", "I, pron. L. ego. The pronoun of the first person; the word which expresses one's self, or that by which a speaker or writer denotes himself. It is only the nominative case of the pronoun; in the other cases we use me. I am attached to study; study delights me. We often hear in popular language the phrase it is me, which is now considered to be ungrammatical, for it is I. But the phrase may have come down to us from the use of the Welsh mi, or from the French use of the phrase, c'est moi.", "In the plural, we use we, and us, which appear to be words radically distinct from I.", "Johnson observes that Shakespeare uses I for ay or yes. In this he is not followed, and the use is incorrect."], "ic": ["OL'IGIST,'IC, a. Gr. least. Oligist iron, so called, is a crystallized tritoxyd of iron."], "ice": ["ICE, n.", "1. Water or other fluid congealed, or in a solid state; a solid, transparent, brittle substance, formed by the congelation of a fluid, by means of the abstraction of the heat necessary to preserve its fluidity, or to use language, congealed by cold.", "2. Concreted sugar.", "To break the ice, is to make the first opening to any attempt; to remove the first obstructions or difficulties; to open the way.", "ICE, v.t. To cover with ice; to convert into ice.", "1. To cover with concreted sugar; to frost.", "2. To chill; to freeze."], "icing": ["I'CING, ppr. Covering with concreted sugar."], "idle": ["I'DLE, a.", "1. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing.", "Why stand ye here all the day idle? Matt.20.", "To be idle, is to be vicious.", "2. Slothful; given to rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; as an idle man; an idle fellow.", "3. Affording leisure; vacant; not occupied; as idle time; idle hours.", "4. Remaining unused; unemployed; applied to things; as, my sword or spear is idle.", "5. Useless; vain; ineffectual; as idle rage.", "6. Unfruitful; barren; not productive of good.", "Of antres vast and idle desarts.", "Idle weeds.", "7. Trifling; vain; of no importance; as an idle story; an idle reason; idle arguments.", "8. Unprofitable; not tending to edification.", "Every idle word that men shall speak,they shall give an account thereof in the day of judgment. Matt.12.", "Idle differs from lazy; the latter implying constitutional or habitual aversion or indisposition to labor or action, sluggishness; whereas idle, in its proper sense, denotes merely unemployed. An industrious man may be idle, but he cannot be lazy.", "I'DLE, v.i. To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business.", "To idle away, in a transitive sense, to spend in idleness; as, to idle away time."], "idleness": ["I'DLENESS, n. Abstinence from labor or employment; the state of a person who is unemployed in labor, or unoccupied in business; the state of doing nothing. Idleness is the parent of vice.", "Through the idleness of the hands the house droppeth through. Eccles.10.", "1. Aversion to labor; reluctance to be employed, or to exertion either of body or mind; laziness; sloth; sluggishness. This is properly laziness; but idleness is often the effect of laziness, and sometimes this word may be used for it.", "2. Unimportance; trivialness.", "Apes of idleness.", "3. Inefficacy; uselessness. Little used.", "4. Barrenness; worthlessness. Little used.", "5. Emptiness; foolishness; infatuation; as idleness of brain. Little used."], "idol": ["I'DOL, n. L. idolum; Gr. form or to see.", "1. An image, form or representation, usually of a man or other animal, consecrated as an object of worship; a pagan deity. Idols are usually statues or images, carved out of wood or stone, or formed of metals, particularly silver or gold.", "The gods of the nations are idols. Ps.96.", "2. An image.", "Nor ever idol seemed so much alive.", "3. A person loved and honored to adoration. The prince was the idol of the people.", "4. Any thing on which we set our affections; that to which we indulge an excessive and sinful attachment.", "Little children, keep yourselves from idols. 1 John.5.", "An idol is any thing which usurps the place of God in the hearts of his rational creatures.", "5. A representation. Not in use."], "idolism": ["I'DOLISM, n. The worship of idols. Little used."], "idolize": ["I'DOLIZE, v.t. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold or wealth; to idolize children; to idolize a virtuous magistrate or a hero."], "idolized": ["I'DOLIZED, pp. Loved or reverenced to adoration."], "idolizer": ["I'DOLIZER, n. One who idolizes, or loves to reverence."], "idolizing": ["I'DOLIZING, ppr. Loving or revering to an excess bordering on adoration."], "idolater": ["IDOL'ATER, n. L. idololatra. See Idolatry.", "1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of any thing made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.", "2. An adorer; a great admirer."], "idolatrize": ["IDOL'ATRIZE, v.i. To worship idols.", "IDOL'ATRIZE, v.t. To adore; to worship."], "idolatrous": ["IDOL'ATROUS, a. Pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry, or of the worship of false gods; consisting in the worship of idols; as idolatrous worship.", "1. Consisting in or partaking of an excessive attachment or reverence; as an idolatrous veneration for antiquity."], "idolatrously": ["IDOL'ATROUSLY, adv. In an idolatrous manner; with excessive reverence."], "idolatry": ["IDOL'ATRY, n. L. idololatria. Gr. idol, and to worship or serve.", "1. The worship of idols, images, or any thing made by hands, or which is not God.", "Idolatry is of two kinds; the worship of images, statues, pictures, &c. made by hands; and the worship of the heavenly bodies,the sun, moon and stars, or of demons, angels, men and animals.", "2. Excessive attachment or veneration for any thing, or that which borders on adoration."], "if": ["IF, v.t. It is used as the sign of a condition, or it introduces a conditional sentence. It is a verb, without a specified nominative. In like manner we use grant, admit, suppose. Regularly, if should be followed, as it was formerly, by the substitute or pronoun that, referring to the succeeding sentence or proposition. If that John shall arrive in season, I will send him with a message. But that is now omitted,and the subsequent sentence, proposition or affirmation may be considered as the object of the verb. Give John shall arrive; grant,suppose, admit that he shall arrive, I will send him with a message. The sense of if, or give, in this use, is grant, admit, cause to be, let the fact be,let the thing take place. If then is equivalent to grant, allow, admit. \"If thou wilt, thou canst make me whole,\" that is, thou canst make me whole, give the fact, that thou wilt.", "If thou art the son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt.14.", "1. Whether or not.", "Uncertain if by augury or chance."], "ignominious": ["IGNOMIN'IOUS, a. L. ignominiosus. See Ignominy.", "1. Incurring disgrace; cowardly; of mean character.", "Then with pale fear surprised,", "Fled ignominious.", "2. Very shameful; reproachful; dishonorable; infamous. To be hanged for a crime is ignominious. Whipping, cropping and branding are ignominious punishments.", "3. Despicable; worthy of contempt; as an ignominious projector."], "ignominiously": ["IGNOMIN'IOUSLY, adv. Meanly; disgracefully; shamefully."], "ignominy": ["IG'NOMINY, n. L. ignominia; in and nomen, against name or reputation. Public disgrace; shame; reproach; dishonor; infamy.", "Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest.", "Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy."], "ignorance": ["IG'NORANCE, n. L. ignorantia; ignoro,not to know; ignarus, ignorant; in and gnarus, knowing.", "1. Want, absence or destitution of knowledge; the negative state of the mind which has not been instructed in arts, literature or science, or has not been informed of facts. Ignorance may be general, or it may be limited to particular subjects. Ignorance of the law does not excuse a man for violating it. Ignorance of facts if often venial.", "Ignorance is preferable to error.", "2. Ignorances, in the plural, is used sometimes for omissions or mistakes; but the use is uncommon and not to be encouraged."], "ignorant": ["IG'NORANT, a. L. ignorans. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened. A man may be ignorant of the law, or of any art or science. He may be ignorant of his own rights, or of the rights of others.", "1. Unknown; undiscovered; a poetical use; as ignorant concealment.", "2. Unacquainted with.", "Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame.", "3. Unskillfully made or done. Not legitimate.", "Poor ignorant baubles.", "IG'NORANT, n. A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled.", "Did I for this take pains to teach", "Our zealous ignorants to preach?"], "ignorantly": ["IG'NORANTLY, adv. Without knowledge, instruction or information.", "Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts.17.", "1. Unskillfully; inexpertly. A man may mistake blunders for beauties and ignorantly admire them."], "ignore": ["IGNO'RE, v.t. To be ignorant. Not in use."], "ill": ["ILL, n.", "1. Bad or evil, in a general sense; contrary to good, physical or moral; applied to things; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitous; as, his ways are ill; he sets an ill example.", "2. Producing evil or misfortune; as an ill star or planet.", "3. Bad; evil; unfortunate; as an ill end; an ill fate.", "4. Unhealthy; insalubrious; as an ill air or climate.", "5. Cross; crabbed; surly; peevish; as ill nature; ill temper.", "6. Diseased; disordered; sick or indisposed; applied to persons; as, the man is ill; he has been ill a long time; he is ill of a fever.", "7. Diseased; impaired; as an ill state of health.", "8. Discordant; harsh; disagreeable; as an ill sound.", "9. Homely; ugly; as ill looks, or an ill countenance.", "10. Unfavorable; suspicious; as when we say, this affair bears an ill look or aspect.", "11. Rude; unpolished; as ill breeding; ill manners.", "12. Not proper; not regular or legitimate; as an ill expression in grammar.", "ILL, n. Wickedness; depravity; evil.", "Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still,", "Exerts itself and then throws off the ill.", "1. Misfortune; calamity; evil; disease; pain; whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success.", "Who can all sense of other's ills escape,", "Is but a brute at beat in human shape.", "ILL, adv. Not well; not rightly or perfectly.", "He is ill at ease.", "1. Not easily; with pain or difficulty. He is ill able to sustain the burden.", "Ill bears the sex the youthful lovers' fate,", "When just approaching to the nuptial state.", "ILL, prefixed to participles of the present tense, and denoting evil or wrong, may be considered as a noun governed by the participle, or as making a part of a compound word; as an ill meaning man, an ill designing man, an ill boding hour; that is, a man meaning ill, an hour boding ill. It is more consonant, however, to the genius of our language, to treat these and similar words as compounds. In some cases, as before the participles of intransitive verbs, ill must be considered as a part of the compound, as in ill-looking. When used before the perfect participle, ill is to be considered as an adverb, or modifying word, or to be treated as a part of the compound; as in ill-bred, ill-governed, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill-formed, ill-minded. In these and all similar connections, it might be well to unite the two words in a compound by a hyphen. As ill may be prefixed to almost any participle, it is needless to attempt to collect a list of such words for insertion."], "illness": ["ILL'NESS, n. from ill. Badness; unfavorableness; as the illness of the weather. Not used.", "1. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness. He has recovered from his illness.", "2. Wickedness; iniquity; wrong moral conduct."], "illuminant": ["ILLU'MINANT, n. That which illuminates or affords light."], "illuminate": ["ILLU'MINATE, v.t. See Illume. To enlighten; to throw light on; to supply with light. This word is used in poetry or prose.", "1. To adorn with festal lamps or bonfires.", "2. To enlighten intellectually with knowledge or grace. Heb.10.", "3. To adorn with pictures, portraits and other paintings; as, to illuminate manuscripts or books, according to ancient practice.", "4. To illustrate; to throw light on, as on obscure subjects.", "ILLU'MINATE, a. Enlightened.", "ILLU'MINATE, n. One of a sect of heretics pretending to possess extraordinary light and knowledge."], "illuminated": ["ILLU'MINATED, pp. Enlightened; rendered light or luminous; illustrated; adorned with pictures, as books."], "illuminating": ["ILLU'MINATING, ppr. Enlightening; rendering luminous or bright; illustrating; adorning with pictures.", "ILLU'MINATING, n. The act, practice or art of adorning manuscripts and books by paintings."], "illumination": ["ILLUMINA'TION, n. The act of illuminating or rendering luminous; the act of supplying with light.", "1. The act of rendering a house or a town light, by placing lights at the windows, or in elevated situations, as a manifestation of joy; or the state of being thus rendered light.", "2. That which gives light.", "The sun--is an illumination created.", "3. Brightness; splendor.", "4. Infusion of intellectual light; an enlightening of the understanding by knowledge, or the mind by spiritual light.", "5. The act, art or practice of adorning manuscripts and books with pictures.", "6. Inspiration; the special communication of knowledge to the mind by the Supreme Being.", "Hymns and psalms--are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired."], "illuminative": ["ILLU'MINATIVE, a. Having the power of giving light."], "illuminator": ["ILLU'MINATOR, n. He or that which illuminates or gives light.", "1. One whose occupation is to decorate manuscripts and books with pictures, portraits and drawings of any kind. This practice began among the Romans, and was continued during the middle ages. The manuscripts containing portraits, pictures and emblematic figures, form a valuable part of the riches preserved in the principal libraries in Europe.", "From this word, by contraction, is formed limner."], "illumine": ["ILLU'MINE, v.t. L. illumino; in and lumino, to enlighten, from lumen, light. See Luminous.", "1. To illuminate; to enlighten; to throw or spread light on; to make light or bright.", "These words are used chiefly in poetry.", "2. To enlighten, as the mind; to cause to understand.", "3. To brighten; to adorn.", "The mountain's brow,", "Illum'd with fluid gold--"], "illuminism": ["ILLU'MINISM, n. The principles of the Illuminati."], "illuminize": ["ILLU'MINIZE, v.t. To initiate into the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati."], "image": ["IM'AGE, n. L. imago.", "1. A representation or similitude of any person or thing, formed of a material substance; as an image wrought out of stone, wood or wax.", "Whose is this image and superscription? Matt.22.", "2. A statue.", "3. An idol; the representation of any person or thing, that is an object of worship. The second commandment forbids the worship of images.", "4. The likeness of any thing on canvas; a picture; a resemblance painted.", "5. Any copy, representation or likeness.", "The child is the image of its mother.", "6. Semblance; show; appearance.", "The face of things a frightful image bears.", "7. An idea; a representation of any thing to the mind; a conception; a picture drawn by fancy.", "Can we conceive", "Image of aught delightful, soft or great?", "8. In rhetoric, a lively description of any thing in discourse, which presents a kind of picture to the mind.", "9. In optics, the figure of any object, made by rays of light proceeding from the several points of it. Thus a mirror reflects the image of a person standing before it, as does water in a vessel or stream, when undisturbed.", "IM'AGE, v.t. To imagine; to copy by the imagination; to form a likeness in the mind by the fancy or recollection.", "And image charms he must behold no more."], "imagery": ["IM'AGERY, n. im'ajry. Sensible representations, pictures, statues.", "Rich carvings, portraitures and imagery.", "1. Show; appearance.", "What can thy imagery and sorrow mean?", "2. Forms of the fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms.", "The imagery of a melancholic fancy.", "3. Representations in writing or speaking; lively descriptions which impress the images of things on the mind; figures in discourse.", "I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery.", "4. Form; make."], "imaginable": ["IMAG'INABLE, a. That may be imagined or conceived. This point is proved with all imaginable clearness."], "imaginant": ["IMAG'INANT, a. Imagining; conceiving. Not used."], "imagination": ["IMAGINA'TION, n. L. imaginatio. The power or faculty of the mind by which it conceives and forms ideas of things communicated to it by the organs of sense.", "Imagination I understand to be the representation of an individual thought.", "Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination conception.", "Imagination, in its proper sense,signifies a lively conception of objects of sight. It is distinguished from conception, as a part from a whole.", "The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have also a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones so as to form new wholes of our own creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power. I apprehend this to be the proper sense of the word, if imagination be the power which gives birth to the productions of the poet and the painter.", "We would define imagination to be the will working on the materials of memory; not satisfied with following the order prescribed by nature, or suggested by accident, it selects the parts of different conceptions, or objects of memory, to form a whole more pleasing, more terrible, or more awful,than has ever been presented in the ordinary course of nature.", "The two latter definitions give the true sense of the word, as now understood.", "1. Conception; image in the mind; idea.", "Sometimes despair darkens all her imaginations.", "His imaginations were often as just as they were bold and strong.", "2. Contrivance; scheme formed in the mind; device.", "Thou hast seen all their vengeance, and all their imaginations against me. Lam.3.", "3. Conceit; an unsolid or fanciful opinion.", "We are apt to think that space, in itself, is actually boundless; to which imagination, the idea of space of itself leads us.", "4. First motion or purpose of the mind. Gen.6."], "imaginative": ["IMAG'INATIVE, a. That forms imaginations.", "1. Full of imaginations; fantastic."], "imagine": ["IMAG'INE, v.t. L. imaginor, from imago, image.", "1. To form a notion or idea in the mind; to fancy. We can imagine the figure of a horse's head united to a human body.", "In this sense, fancy is the more proper word.", "2. To form ideas or representations in the mind, by modifying and combining our conceptions.", "3. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise.", "How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? Ps.62.", "IMAG'INE, v.i. To conceive; to have a notion or idea. I cannot imagine how this should have happened."], "imagined": ["IMAG'INED, pp. Formed in the mind; fancied; contrived."], "imaginer": ["IMAG'INER, n. One who forms ideas; one who contrives."], "imagining": ["IMAG'INING, ppr. Forming ideas in the mind; devising."], "immediate": ["IMME'DIATE, a. L. in and medius, middle.", "1. Proximate; acting without a medium, or without the intervention of another cause or means; producing its effect by its own direct agency. An immediate cause is that which is exerted directly in producing its effect, in opposition to a mediate cause, or one more remote.", "2. Not acting by second causes; as the immediate will of God.", "3. Instant; present; without the intervention of time. We must have an immediate supply of bread.", "Immediate are my needs--", "Death--inflicted--by an immediate stroke."], "immediately": ["IMME'DIATELY, adv. Without the intervention of any other cause or event; opposed to mediately.", "The transfer, whether accepted immediately by himself, or mediately by his agent, vests in him the property.", "1. Instantly; at the present time; without delay, or the intervention of time.", "And Jesus put forth his hand, and touched him, saying, I will, be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matt.8."], "immediateness": ["IMME'DIATENESS, n. Presence with regard to time.", "1. Exemption from second or intervening causes."], "immortal": ["IMMOR'TAL, a. L. immortalis. See Mortal.", "1. Having no principle of alteration or corruption; exempt from death; having life or being that shall never end; as an immortal soul.", "To the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honor and glory forever. 1 Tim.1.", "2. Never ending; everlasting; continual.", "I have", "Immortal longings in me.", "3. Perpetual; having unlimited existence.", "A corporation is called an immortal being.", "4. Destined to live in all the ages of this world; imperishable; as immortal fame.", "So Homer is called the immortal bard."], "immortality": ["IMMORTAL'ITY, n. The quality of never ceasing to live or exist; exemption from death and annihilation; life destined to endure without end; as the immortality of the human soul.", "--Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. 2 Tim.1.", "1. Exemption from oblivion.", "2. Perpetuity; existence not limited; as the immortality of a corporation."], "immortalization": ["IMMORTALIZA'TION, n. The act of immortalizing."], "immortalize": ["IMMOR'TALIZE, v.t.", "1. To render immortal; to make perpetual; to cause to live or exist while the world shall endure. The Iliad has immortalized the name of Homer.", "Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his guilty name.", "2. To exempt from oblivion; to make perpetual.", "IMMOR'TALIZE, v.i. To become immortal. Not in use."], "immortalized": ["IMMOR'TALIZED, pp. Rendered immortal or perpetual."], "immortalizing": ["IMMOR'TALIZING, ppr. Making immortal or perpetual."], "immortally": ["IMMOR'TALLY, adv. With endless existence; with exemption from death."], "immutability": ["IMMUTABIL'ITY, n. L. immutabilitas; in and mutabilis, mutable, from muto, to change.", "Unchangeableness; the quality that renders change or alteration impossible; invariableness. Immutability is an attribute of God."], "immutable": ["IMMU'TABLE, a. L.immutabilis; in and mutabilis.invariable; unalterable; not capable or susceptible of change.", "That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have strong consolation. Heb.6."], "immutableness": ["IMMU'TABLENESS, n. Unchangeableness; immutability."], "immutably": ["IMMU'TABLY, adv. Unchangeably; unalterably; invariably; in a manner that admits of no change."], "immutate": ["IMMU'TATE, a. L. immutatus. Unchanged."], "immutation": ["IMMUTA'TION, n. L. immutatio. Change; alteration."], "impart": ["IMP`ART, v.t. L. impertior; in and partio, to divide; from pars, a part.", "1. To give, grant or communicate; to bestow on another a share or portion of something; as, to impart a portion of provisions to the poor.", "2. To grant; to give; to confer; as, to impart honor or favor.", "3. To communicate the knowledge of something; to make known; to show by words or tokens.", "Gentle lady,", "When first I did impart my love to you--"], "impartance": ["IMP`ARTANCE, n. Communication of a share; grant."], "impartation": ["IMPARTA'TION, n. The act of imparting or conferring. Not much used."], "imparted": ["IMP`ARTED, pp. Communicated; granted; conferred."], "impartibility": ["IMPARTIBIL'ITY, n. The quality of not being subject to partition.", "1. The quality of being capable of being communicated."], "impartible": ["IMP`ARTIBLE, a.", "1. Not partible or subject to partition; as an impartible estate.", "2. from impart. That may be imparted, conferred, bestowed or communicated."], "imparting": ["IMP`ARTING, ppr. Communicating; granting; bestowing."], "impartment": ["IMP`ARTMENT, n. The act of imparting; the communication of knowledge; disclosure."], "impediment": ["IMPED'IMENT, n. L. impedimentum. That which hinders progress or motion; hinderance; obstruction; obstacle; applicable to every subject, physical or moral. Bad roads are impediments in marching and travelling. Idleness and dissipation are impediments to improvement. The cares of life are impediments to the progress of vital religion.", "1. That which prevents distinct articulation; as an impediment in speech.", "IMPED'IMENT, v.t. To impede. Not in use."], "impenitency": ["IMPEN'ITENCY, n. L. in and poenitens, from poeniteo, to repent, poena, pain. Want of penitence or repentance; absence of contrition or sorrow for sin; obduracy; hardness of heart. Final impenitence dooms the sinner to inevitable punishment.", "He will advance from one degree of impenitence to another."], "impenitent": ["IMPEN'ITENT, a. Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; obdurate; of a hard heart.", "They died Impenitent.", "IMPEN'ITENT, n. One who does not repent; a hardened sinner."], "impenitently": ["IMPEN'ITENTLY, adv. Without repentance or contrition for sin; obdurately."], "imperial": ["IMPE'RIAL, a. L.imperialis, from impero, to command. See Emperor.", "1. Pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; as an imperial government; an imperial diadem; imperial authority or edict; imperial power or sway.", "2. Royal; belonging to a monarch; as an imperial palace; imperial arts.", "3. Pertaining to royalty; denoting sovereignty.", "4. Commanding; maintaining supremacy; as the imperial democracy of Athens.", "Imperial chamber, the sovereign court of the German empire.", "Imperial city, a city in Germany which has no head but the emperor.", "Imperial diet,an assembly of all the states of the German empire."], "imperiality": ["IMPERIAL'ITY, n. Imperial power.", "1. The right of an emperor to a share of the produce of mines, &c.", "The late empress having by ukases of grace, relinquished her imperialities on the private mines, viz. the tenths of the copper, iron, silver and gold--"], "imperially": ["IMPE'RIALLY, adv. In a royal manner."], "imperious": ["IMPE'RIOUS, a. L. imperiosus.", "1. Commanding; dictatorial; haughty; arrogant; overbearing; domineering; as an imperious tyrant; an imperious dictator; an imperious man; an imperious temper.", "2. Commanding; indicating an imperious temper; authoritative; as imperious words.", "3. Powerful; overbearing; not to be opposed by obstacles; as a man of a vast and imperious mind.", "4. Commanding; urgent; pressing; as imperious love; imperious circumstances; imperious appetite.", "5. Authoritative; commanding with rightful authority.", "The commandment high and imperious in its claims."], "imperiously": ["IMPE'RIOUSLY, adv. With arrogance of command; with a haughty air of authority; in a domineering manner.", "1. With urgency or force not to be opposed."], "imperiousness": ["IMPE'RIOUSNESS, n. Authority; air of command.", "1. Arrogance of command; haughtiness.", "Imperiousness and severity is an ill way of treating men who have reason to guide them."], "implacable": ["IMPLA'CABLE, a. L. implacabilis; in and placabilis, from placo, to appease.", "1. Not to be appeased; that can not be pacified and rendered peaceable; inexorable; stubborn or constant in enmity; as an implacable prince.", "2. Not to be appeased or subdued; as implacable anger; implacable enmity, malice or revenge."], "implacableness": ["IMPLACABLENESS, n. from implacable. The quality of not being appeasable; inexorableness; irreconcilable enmity or anger."], "implacably": ["IMPLA'CABLY, adv. With enmity not to be pacified or subdued; inexorably; as, to hate a person implacably."], "implead": ["IMPLE'AD, v.t. in and plead. To institute and prosecute a suit against one in court; to sue at law. The corporation shall have power to plead and be impleaded.", "Let them implead one another. Acts.19."], "impleaded": ["IMPLE'ADED, pp. Prosecuted; sued; subject to answer to a suit in court."], "impleader": ["IMPLE'ADER, n. One who prosecutes another."], "impleading": ["IMPLE'ADING, ppr. Prosecuting a suit."], "importunate": ["IMPORT'UNATE, a. L. importunus. See Importune.", "1. Bearing on; pressing or urging in request or demand; urgent and pertinacious in solicitation; as an importunate suitor or petitioner.", "2. Pressing; urgent; as an importunate demand.", "3. Inciting urgently for gratification; as importunate passions and appetites."], "importunately": ["IMPORT'UNATELY, adv. With urgent request; with pressing solicitation."], "importunateness": ["IMPORT'UNATENESS, n. Urgent and pressing solicitation."], "importunator": ["IMPORT'UNATOR, n. One that importunes. Not in use."], "importune": ["IMPORTU'NE, v.t. L. importunus; in and porto, to bear on.", "To request with urgency; to press with solicitation; to urge with frequent or unceasing application.", "Their ministers and residents here have perpetually importuned the court with unreasonable demands.", "IMPORTU'NE, a. L. importunus. Formerly accented on the second syllable.", "1. Pressing in request; urgent; troublesome by frequent demands; vexatious; unreasonable.", "2. Unseasonable.", "This word is obsolete; being superseded by importunate, unless perhaps in poetry."], "importunely": ["IMPORTU'NELY, adv. With urgent solicitation; incessantly; continually; troublesomely.", "1. Unseasonably; improperly."], "importunity": ["IMPORTU'NITY, n. L. importunitas.", "Pressing solicitation; urgent request; application for a claim or favor,which is urged with troublesome frequency or pertinacity. Men are sometimes overcome by the importunity of their wives or children."], "imposable": ["IMPOSABLE, a. That may be imposed or laid on."], "impose": ["IMPO'SE, v.t. s as z. L. impositum, from impono; in and pono, to put. Pono, as written, belongs to Class Bn; and posui, positum, to Class Bs. or Bd. The latter coincide with Eng.put.", "1. To lay on; to set on; to lay on, as a burden, tax, toll, duty or penalty. The legislature imposes taxes for the support of government; toll is imposed on passengers to maintain roads, and penalties are imposed on those who violate the laws. God imposes no burdens on men which they are unable to bear.", "On impious realms and barb'rous kings impose", "Thy plagues--", "2. To place over by authority or by force.", "The Romans often imposed rapacious governors on their colonies and conquered countries.", "3. To lay on, as a command; to enjoin, as a duty.", "Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws.", "Impose but your commands--", "4. To fix on; to impute. Little used.", "5. To lay on, as hands in the ceremony of ordination, or of confirmation.", "6. To obtrude fallaciously.", "Our poet thinks not fit", "T' impose upon you what he writes for wit.", "7. Among printers, to put the pages on the stone and fit on the chase, and thus prepare the form for the press.", "To impose on, to deceive; to mislead by a trick or false pretense; vulgarly, to put upon. We are liable to be imposed on by others,and sometimes we impose on ourselves.", "IMPO'SE, n. s as z. Command; injunction. Not used."], "imposed": ["IMPO'SED, pp. Laid on, as a tax,burden, duty or penalty; enjoined.", "Imposes on, deceived."], "imposer": ["IMPO'SER, n. One who lays on; one who enjoins.", "--The imposers of these oaths might repent."], "imposing": ["IMPO'SING, ppr. Laying on; enjoining; deceiving.", "1. Commanding; adapted to impress forcibly; as an imposing air or matter.", "--Large and imposing edifices, embosomed in the groves of some rich valley."], "impossibility": ["IMPOSSIBIL'ITY, n. from impossible.", "1. That which cannot be; the state of being not possible to exist. That a thing should be and not be at the same time, is an impossibility.", "2. Impracticability; the state or quality of being not feasible or possible to be done. That a man by his own strength should lift a ship of the line, is to him an impossibility, as the means are inadequate to the end. See Impossible."], "impossible": ["IMPOSS'IBLE, a. L. impossibilis; in and possibilis, from possum, to be able.", "1. That cannot be. It is impossible that two and two should make five, or that a circle and a square make five, or that a circle and a square should be the same thing, or that a thing should be, and not be at the same time.", "2. Impracticable; not feasible; that cannot be done.", "With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. Matt.19.", "Without faith it is impossible to please God. Heb.11.", "There are two kinds of impossibilities; physical and moral. That is a physical impossibility, which is contrary to the law of nature. A thing is said to be morally impossible, when in itself it is possible,but attended with difficulties or circumstances which give it the appearance of being impossible. See Possible, Practicable and Impracticable."], "impotency": ["IM'POTENCY, n. L. impotentia; in and potentia, from possum. See Power.", "1. Want of strength or power, animal or intellectual; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility; defect of power, natural or adventitious, to perform any thing.", "Some were poor by the impotency of nature; as young fatherless children, old decrepit persons, idiots and cripples.", "The impotence of exercising animal motion attends fevers.", "2. Moral inability; the want of power or inclination to resist", "or overcome habits and natural propensities.", "3. Inability to beget.", "4. Ungovernable passion; a Latin signification. Little used."], "impotent": ["IM'POTENT, a. L. impotens.", "1. Weak; feeble; wanting strength or power; unable by nature, or disabled by disease or accident to perform any act.", "I know thou wast not slow to hear,", "Nor impotent to save.", "2. Wanting the power of propagation, as males.", "3. Wanting the power of restraint; not having the command over; as impotent of tongue.", "IM'POTENT, n. One who is feeble, infirm, or languishing under disease."], "impotently": ["IM'POTENTLY, adv. Weakly; without power over the passions."], "impoverish": ["IMPOV'ERISH, v.t.", "1. To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence. Idleness and vice are sure to impoverish individuals and families.", "2. To exhaust strength, richness or fertility; as, to impoverish land by frequent cropping."], "impoverished": ["IMPOV'ERISHED, pp. Reduced to poverty; exhausted."], "impoverisher": ["IMPOV'ERISHER, n. One who makes others poor.", "1. That which impairs fertility."], "impoverishing": ["IMPOV'ERISHING, ppr. Making poor; exhausting."], "impoverishment": ["IMPOV'ERISHMENT, n. Depauperation; a reducing to indigence; exhaustion; drain of wealth, richness or fertility."], "imprison": ["IMPRIS'ON, v.t. impriz'n.", "1. To put into a prison; to confine in a prison or jail, or to arrest and detain in custody in any place.", "2. To confine; to shut up; to restrain from escape; to deprive of the liberty to move from place to place; as, to be imprisoned in a cell.", "He imprisoned was in chains remediless.", "Try to imprison the resistless winds."], "imprisoned": ["IMPRIS'ONED, pp. Confined in a prison or jail; restrained from escape or from going at large."], "imprisoning": ["IMPRIS'ONING, ppr. Shutting up in prison; confining in a place."], "imprisonment": ["IMPRIS'ONMENT, n. The act of putting and confining in prison;", "the act of arresting and detaining in custody.", "1. Confinement in a place; restraint of liberty to go from place to place at pleasure. Appropriately, the confinement of a criminal or debtor within the walls of a prison, or in the custody of a sheriff, &c.", "False imprisonment is any confinement of the person, or restraint of liberty, without legal or sufficient authority. The arrest or detention of the person by an officer without warrant, or by an illegal warrant, or by a legal warrant executed at an unlawful time, is false imprisonment."], "impudence": ["IM'PUDENCE, n. L. impudens; in and pudens, from pudeo, to be ashamed. Shamelessness; want of modesty; effrontery; assurance accompanied with a disregard of the opinions of others.", "Those clear truths, that either their own evidence forces us to admit, or common experience makes it impudence to deny."], "impudent": ["IM'PUDENT, a. L. impudens. Shameless; wanting modesty; bold with contempt of others; saucy.", "When we behold an angel, not to fear", "Is to be impudent."], "impudently": ["IM'PUDENTLY, adv. Shamelessly; with indecent assurance.", "At once assail", "With open mouths, and impudently rail."], "impudicity": ["IMPUDIC'ITY, n. L. impudicitia. Immodesty."], "imputable": ["IMPU'TABLE, a. See Impute. That may be imputed or charged to a person; chargeable. Thus we say, crimes, sins, errors, trespasses are imputable to those who commit them.", "1. That may be ascribed to; in a good sense.", "This favor is imputable to your goodness, or to a good motive.", "2. Accusable; chargeable with a fault. Not proper.", "3. That may be set to the account of another. It has been a question much agitated, whether Adam's sin is imputable to his posterity."], "imputableness": ["IMPU'TABLENESS, n. The quality of being imputable."], "imputation": ["IMPUTA'TION, n. The act of imputing or charging; attribution; generally in an ill sense; as the imputation of crimes of faults to the true authors of them. We are liable to the imputation or numerous sins and errors, to the imputation of pride, vanity and self-confidence; to the imputation of weakness and irresolution, or of rashness.", "1. Sometimes in a good sense.", "If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the imputation of being near their master.", "2. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach.", "Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless imputations of our enemies, and to rise above them.", "3. Hint; slight notice."], "imputative": ["IMPU'TATIVE, a. That may be imputed."], "imputatively": ["IMPU'TATIVELY, adv. By imputation."], "impute": ["IMPU'TE, v.t. L. imputo; in and puto, to think, to reckon; properly, to set, to put, to throw to or on.", "1. To charge; to attribute; to set to the account of; generally ill, sometimes good. We impute crimes,sins, trespasses, faults, blame, &c., to the guilty persons. We impute wrong actions to bad motives, or to ignorance, or to folly and rashness. We impute misfortunes and miscarriages to imprudence.", "And therefore it was imputed to him for", "righteousness. Rom.4.", "2. To attribute; to ascribe.", "I have read a book imputed to lord Bathurst.", "3. To reckon to one what does not belong to him.", "It has been held that Adam's sin is imputed to all his", "posterity.", "Thy merit", "Imputed shall absolve them who renounce", "Their own both righteous and unrighteous deeds."], "imputed": ["IMPU'TED, pp. Charged to the account of; attributed; ascribed."], "imputer": ["IMPU'TER, n. One that imputes or attributes."], "imputing": ["IMPU'TING, ppr. Charging to the account of; attributing; ascribing."], "in": ["IN, a prefix, L. in, is used in composition as a particle of negation, like the English un, of which it seems to be a dialectical orthography; or it denotes within, into, or among, as in inbred, incase; or it serves only to augment or render emphatical the sense of the word to which it is prefixed, as in inclose, increase.", "In, before l, is changed into il, as in illusion; and before r, into ir, as in irregular; and into im, before a labial, as in imbitter, immaterial, impatient.", "IN, prep. L. in. In denotes present or inclosed, surrounded by limits; as in a house; in a fort; in a city. It denotes a state of being mixed, as sugar in tea; or combined, as carbonic acid in coal, or latent heat in air. It denotes present in any state; as in sickness or health. It denotes present in time; as in that hour or day. The uses of in, however, cannot, in all cases, be defined by equivalent words, except by explaining the phrase in which it is used; as in deed; in fact; in essence; in quality; in reason; in courage; in spirits, &c. A man in spirits or good courage, denotes one who possesses at the time spirits or courage; in reason is equivalent to with reason; one in ten denotes one of that number, and we say also one of ten, and one out of ten.", "In the name, is used in phrases of invoking, swearing, declaring, praying, &c. In prayer, it denotes by virtue of, or for the sake of. In the name of the people, denotes on their behalf or part; in their stead, or for their sake.", "In, in many cases, is equivalent to on. This use of the word is frequent in the Scriptures; as, let fowls multiply in the earth. This use is more frequent in England than in America. We generally use on, in all similar phrases.", "In signifies by or through. In thee shall all nations be blessed. I am glorified in them.", "In that, is sometimes equivalent to because.", "Some things they do in that they are men; some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error.", "In these and similar phrases, that is an antecedent, substitute, or pronoun relating to the subsequent part of the sentence, or the subsequent clause. God commendeth his love towards us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. That is, in the fact stated in the latter clause, for which that is the substitute. Rom.5.", "In as much, seeing; seeing that; this being the fact. I will ride for health, inasmuch as I am infirm.", "In is often used without the noun to which it properly belongs. I care not who is in, or who is out, that is, in office, or out of office. Come in, that is, into the house or other place. Who has or will come in, that is, into office. A vessel has come in, that is, into port, or has arrived.", "To be or keep in with, to be close or near.", "Keep the ship in with the land."], "inning": ["IN'NING, n. The ingathering of grain.", "1. A term in cricket, a turn for using the bat."], "innings": ["INN'INGS, n. Lands recovered from the sea."], "incense": ["IN'CENSE, n. in'cens. L. incensum, burnt, from incendo, to burn.", "1. Perfume exhaled by fire; the odors of spices and gums, burnt in religious rites, or as an offering to some deity.", "A thick cloud of incense went up. Ezek. 8.", "2. The materials burnt for making perfumes. The incense used in the Jewish offerings was a mixture of sweet spices, stacte, onycha, galbanum, and the gum of the frankincense tree.", "Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein and put incense thereon. Lex.10.", "3. Acceptable prayers and praises. Mal.l.", "4. In the Materia Medica, a dry resinous substance known by the name of thus and olibanum.", "IN'CENSE, v.t. in'cens. To perfume with incense. In the Romish church, it is the deacon's office to incense the officiating priest or prelate, and the choir."], "incensed": ["INCENS'ED, pp. Inflamed to violent anger; exasperated."], "incensement": ["INCENSEMENT, n. incens'ment. Violent irritation of the passions; heat; exasperation. It expresses less than rage and fury."], "incensing": ["INCENS'ING, ppr. Inflaming to anger; irritating; exasperation."], "incension": ["INCEN'SION, n. L. incensio, from incendo, to burn.", "The act of kindling; the state of being on fire."], "incensive": ["INCENS'IVE, a. Tending to excite or provoke."], "inclinable": ["INCLI'NABLE, a. L. inclinabilis. See Incline.", "1. Leaning; tending; as a tower inclinable to fall.", "2. Having a propension of will; leaning in disposition; somewhat disposed; as a mind inclinable to truth."], "inclination": ["INCLINA'TION, n. L. inclinatio. See Incline.", "1. A leaning; any deviation of a body or line from an upright position, or from a parallel line, towards another body; as the inclination of the head in bowing.", "2. In geometry, the angle made by two lines or planes that meet; as, the inclination of axis of the earth to the place of the ecliptic is 23 deg.28 feet.", "3. A leaning of the mind or will; propension or propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another. The prince has no inclination to peace. The bachelor has manifested no inclination to marry. Men have a natural inclination to pleasure.", "A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing.", "4. Love; affection; regard; desire; with for. Some men have an inclination for music, others for painting.", "5. Disposition of mind.", "6. The dip of the magnetic needle, or its tendency to incline towards the earth; also, the angle made by the needle with the horizon.", "7. The act of decanting liquors by stooping or inclining the vessel."], "incline": ["INCLI'NE, v.t. L. inclino; in and clino; Eng. to lean.", "1. To lean; to deviate from an erect or parallel line toward any object; to tend. Converging lines incline toward each other. A road inclines to the north or south. Connecticut river runs south, inclining in some part of its course to the west, and below middletown, it inclines to the east.", "2. To lean; in a moral sense; to have a propension; to be disposed; to have some wish or desire.", "Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech. Judges 9.", "3. To have an appetite; to be disposed; as, to be inclined to eat.", "INCLI'NE, v.t. To cause to deviate from an erect, perpendicular or parallel line; to give a leaning to; as, incline the column or post to the east; incline your head to the right.", "1. To give a tendency or propension to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose.", "Incline our hearts to keep this law.", "Incline my heart to thy testimonies. Ps.119.", "2. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility."], "inclined": ["INCLI'NED, pp. Having a leaning or tendency; disposed.", "Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane."], "incliner": ["INCLI'NER, n. An inclined dial."], "inclining": ["INCLI'NING, ppr. Leaning; causing to lean.", "INCLI'NING, a. Leaning."], "inclose": ["INCLO'SE, v.t. s as z. L. inclusus, includo; in and claudo, or cludo.", "1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; as, to inclose a field with a fence; to inclose a fort or an army with troops; to inclose a town with walls.", "2. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands.", "3. To include; to shut or confine; as, to inclose trinkets in a box.", "4. To environ; to encompass.", "5. To cover with a wrapper or envelop; to cover under seal; as, to inclose a letter or a bank note."], "inclosed": ["INCLO'SED, pp. Surrounded; encompassed; confined on all sides; covered and sealed; fenced."], "incloser": ["INCLO'SER, n. He or that which incloses; one who separates land from common grounds by a fence."], "inclosing": ["INCLO'SING, ppr. Surrounding; encompassing; shutting in; covering and confining."], "incontinency": ["INCON'TINENCY, n. L. incontinentia. See Continence.", "1. Want of restraint of the passions or appetites; free or uncontrolled indulgence of the passions or appetites, as of anger.", "2. Want of restraint of the sexual appetite; free or illegal indulgence of lust; lewdness; used of either sex, but appropriately of the male sex. Incontinence in men is the same as unchastity in women.", "3. Among physicians, the inability of any of the animal organs to restrain discharges of their contents, so that the discharges are involuntary; Also, the involuntary discharge itself; as an incontinence of urine in diabetes."], "incontinent": ["INCON'TINENT, a. L. incontinens. Not restraining the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging lust without restraint or in violation of law; unchaste; lewd.", "1. Unable to restrain discharges.", "In the sense of immediate or immediately,obs.", "INCON'TINENT, n. One who is unchaste."], "incontinently": ["INCON'TINENTLY, adv. Without due restraint of the passions or appetites; unchastely.", "1. Immediately."], "incorrupted": ["INCORRUPT'ED, a. L. incorruptus; in and corrumpo, corruptus; con and rumpo, to break. Not corrupt; not marred, impaired or spoiled; not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; applicable to persons, principles or substances."], "incorruptibility": ["INCORRUPTIBIL'ITY, n.from incorruptible.", "The quality of being incapable of decay or corruption."], "incorruptible": ["INCORRUPT'IBLE, a.", "1. That cannot corrupt or decay; not admitting of corruption. Thus gold, glass, mercury, &c., are incorruptible. Spirits are supposed to be incorruptible.", "Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptible and immortal substances.", "2. That cannot be bribed; inflexibly just and upright."], "incorruptibleness": ["INCORRUPT'IBLENESS, n. The quality of being incorruptible, or not liable to decay."], "incorruption": ["INCORRUP'TION, n. in and corruption. Incapacity of being corrupted.", "It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption. 1 Cor.15."], "incorruptive": ["INCORRUPT'IVE, a. Not liable to corruption or decay."], "incorruptness": ["INCORRUPT'NESS, n. Exemption from decay or corruption.", "1. Purity of mind or manners; probity; integrity; honesty."], "increasable": ["INCRE'ASABLE, a. That may be increased."], "increase": ["INCRE'ASE, v.i. L. incresco; in and cresco, to grow.", "1. To become greater in bulk or quantity; to grow; to augment; as plants. Hence, to become more in number; to advance in value, or in any quality good or bad. Animal and vegetable bodies increase by natural growth; wealth increases by industry; heat increases, as the sun advances towards the meridian; a multitude increases by accession of numbers; knowledge increases with age and study; passion and enmity increase by irritation, and misery increases with vice.", "The Lord make you to increase and abound in love one toward another. 1 Thess.3.", "2. To become more violent; as, the fever increases; the pain increases; cold, wind or a storm increases.", "3. To become more bright or vivid; as, the light increases.", "4. To swell; to rise.", "The waters increased and bore up the ark. Gen.7.", "5. To swell; to become louder, as sound.", "6. To become of more esteem and authority.", "He must increase, but I must decrease. John.3.", "7. To enlarge, as the enlightened part of the moon's disk.", "INCRE'ASE, v.t. To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity or amount; as, to increase wealth or treasure; to increase a sum or value.", "1. To advance in quality; to add to any quality or affection; as, to increase the strength of moral habits; to increase love, zeal or passion.", "2. To extend; to lengthen; as, to increase distance.", "3. To extend; to spread;as, to increase fame or renown.", "4. To aggravate; as, to increase guilt or trespass.", "INCRE'ASE, n. Augmentation; a growing larger; extension.", "Of the increase of his government and peace, there shall be no end. Is.9.", "1. Increment; profit; interest; that which is added to the original stock.", "Take thou no interest of him or increase; but fear thy God. Lev.25.", "2. Produce, as of land.", "Then shall the earth yield her increase. Ps.67.", "3. Progeny; issue; offspring.", "All the increase of thy house shall die in the flower of their age. 1 Sam. 2.", "4. Generation.", "5. The waxing of the moon; the augmentation of the luminous part of the moon, presented to the inhabitants of the earth.", "Seeds, hair, nails, hedges and herbs will grow soonest,if set or cut in the increase of the moon.", "6. Augmentation of strength or violence; as increase of heat, love or other passion; increase of force.", "7. Augmentation of degree; as increase of happiness or misery."], "increased": ["INCRE'ASED, pp. Augmented; made or grown larger."], "increaseful": ["INCRE'ASEFUL, a. Abundant of produce."], "increaser": ["INCRE'ASER, n. He or that which increases."], "increasing": ["INCRE'ASING, ppr. Growing; becoming larger; advancing in any quality, good or bad."], "incredibility": ["INCREDIBIL'ITY, n. See Incredible. The quality of surpassing belief, or of being too extraordinary to admit of belief."], "incredible": ["INCRED'IBLE, a. L. incredibilis; in and credibilis, credible.", "That cannot be believed; not to be credited; too extraordinary and improbable to admit of belief.", "Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead? Acts.26."], "incredibleness": ["INCRED'IBLENESS, n. Incredibility, which see."], "incredibly": ["INCRED'IBLY, adv. In a manner to preclude belief."], "incur": ["INCUR', v.t. L. incurro, to run against; in and curro, to run.", "1. Literally, to run against; hence, to become liable to; to become subject to. Thus, a thief incurs the punishment of the law by the act of stealing, before he is convicted, and we have all incurred the penalties of God's law.", "2. To bring on; as, to incur a debt; to incur guilt; to incur the displeasure of God; to incur blame or censure.", "3. To occur; to meet; to press on."], "incurability": ["INCURABIL'ITY, n. The state of being incurable; impossibility of cure; insusceptibility of cure or remedy."], "incurable": ["INCU'RABLE, a.", "1. That cannot be cured; not admitting of cure; beyond the power of skill or medicine; as an incurable disease.", "2. Not admitting remedy or correction; irremediable; remediless; as incurable evils.", "INCU'RABLE, n. A person diseased beyond the reach of cure."], "incurableness": ["INCU'RABLENESS, n. The state of not admitting cure or remedy."], "incurably": ["INCU'RABLY, adv. In a manner or degree that renders cure impracticable."], "incurred": ["INCUR'RED, pp. Brought on."], "incurring": ["INCUR'RING, ppr. Becoming subject or liable to; bringing on."], "indebt": ["INDEBT, a verb, is never used."], "indebted": ["INDEBT'ED, a. indet'ted.", "1. Being in debt; having incurred a debt; held or obliged to pay. A is indebted to B; he is indebted in a large sum, or to a large amount.", "2. Obliged by something received, for which restitution or gratitude is due. We are indebted in our parents for their care of us in infancy and youth. We are indebted to God for life. We are indebted to the christian religion for many of the advantages, and much of the refinement of modern times."], "indebtment": ["INDEBT'MENT, n. indet'ment. The state of being indebted. Little used."], "indeed": ["INDEE'D, adv. in and deed. In reality; in truth; in fact.", "The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. Rom.8.", "Indeed is usually emphatical, but in some cases more so than in others; as,this is true; it is indeed.", "I were a beast indeed to do you wrong.", "Some sons indeed; some very few we see,", "Who keep themselves from this infection free.", "There is indeed no greater pleasure in visiting these magazines of war--", "It is used to note concession or admission; as, ships not so large indeed, but better manned.", "Indeed is used as an expression of surprise, or for the purpose of obtaining confirmation of a fact stated. Indeed! is it possible? is it so in fact?"], "india": ["IN'DIA, n. A country in Asia, so named from the river Indus."], "indign": ["INDIGN, a. indi'ne. L. indignus. Unworthy; disgraceful."], "indignance": ["INDIG'NANCE, n. Indignation. Not in use."], "indignant": ["INDIG'NANT, a. L. indignans, from indignor, to disdain; in and dignor,dignus. Affected at once with anger and disdain; feeling the mingled emotions of wrath and scorn or contempt,as when a person is exasperated at one despised, or by a mean action, or by the charge of a dishonorable act. Goliath was indignant at the challenge of David.", "He strides indignant, and with haughty cries", "To single fight the fairy prince defies."], "indignation": ["INDIGNA'TION, n. L. indignatio.", "1. Anger or extreme anger, mingled with contempt, disgust or abhorrence.", "When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai. Esth.5.", "2. The anger of a superior; extreme anger; particularly, the wrath of God against sinful men for their ingratitude and rebellion. 2 Kings.3.", "3. The effects of anger; the dreadful effects of God's wrath; terrible judgments. Is.26.", "4. Holy displeasure at one's self for sin. 2 Cor. 7."], "indignity": ["INDIG'NITY, n. L. indignitas. Unmerited, contemptuous conduct towards another; any action towards another which manifests contempt for him; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult. Contemptuous words respecting one, or foul language in the presence of persons of character and delicacy, and indecent behavior, are indignities. Christ on the cross was treated with the foulest indignity."], "indite": ["INDI'TE, v.t. L. indico, indictum; in and dico, to speak.", "1. To compose; to write; to commit to words in writing.", "Hear how learn'd Greece her useful rules indites.", "2. To direct or dictate what is to be uttered or written. The late President Dwight indited his sermons.", "My heart is inditing a good matter. Ps.45.", "INDI'TE, v.i. To compose an account of.", "This is from the same original as indict. The different applications of the word have induced authors to express each in a different orthography, but without good reason."], "indited": ["INDI'TED, pp. Composed; written; dictated."], "inditement": ["INDI'TEMENT, n. The act of inditing."], "inditing": ["INDI'TING, ppr. Committing to words in writing; dictating what shall be written."], "industrious": ["INDUS'TRIOUS, a. L. industrius, from industria.", "1. Diligent in business or study; constantly, regularly or habitually occupied in business; assiduous; opposed to slothful and idle.", "Frugal and industrious men are commonly friendly to the established government.", "2. Diligent in a particular pursuit, or to a particular end; opposed to remiss or slack; as industrious to accomplish a journey, or to reconcile contending parties.", "3. Given to industry; characterized by diligence; as an industrious life.", "4. Careful; assiduous; as the industrious application of knowing men."], "industriously": ["INDUS'TRIOUSLY, adv. With habitual diligence; with steady application of the powers of body or of mind.", "1. Diligently; assiduously; with care; applied to a particular purpose. He attempted industriously to make peace. He industriously concealed his name."], "industry": ["IN'DUSTRY, n. L. industria. Habitual diligence in any employment, either bodily or mental; steady attention to business; assiduity; opposed to sloth and idleness. We are directed to take lessons of industry from the bee. Industry pays debts, while idleness or despair will increase them."], "inexcusable": ["INEXCU'SABLE, a. s as z. L. inexcusabilis; in and excusabilis, excuso. See Excuse. Not to be excused or justified; as inexcusable folly."], "inexcusableness": ["INEXCU'SABLENESS, n. The quality of not admitting of excuse or justification; enormity beyond forgiveness or palliation.", "This inexcusableness is stated on the supposition that they knew God, but did not glorify him."], "inexcusably": ["INEXCU'SABLY, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification."], "infallible": ["INFAL'LIBLE, a. L. fallo.", "1. Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; applied to persons. No man is infallible; to be infallible is the prerogative of God only.", "2. Not liable to fail, or to deceive confidence; certain; as infallible evidence; infallible success.", "To whom he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs--"], "infallibleness": ["INFAL'LIBLENESS, n. from infallible. The quality of being incapable of error or mistake; entire exemption from liability to error; inerrability. No human being can justly lay claim to infallibility. This is an attribute of God only."], "infallibly": ["INFAL'LIBLY, adv. Without a possibility of erring or mistaking.", "1. Certainly; without a possibility of failure. Our Savior has directed us to conduct that will infallibly render us happy."], "infame": ["INFA'ME, v.t. To defame. Not used."], "infamous": ["IN'FAMOUS, a. L. infamis; infamo, to defame; in and fama, fame.", "1. Of ill report, emphatically; having a reputation of the worst kind; publicly branded with odium for vice of guilt; base; scandalous; notoriously vile; used of persons; as an infamous liar; an infamous rake or gambler.", "2. Odious; detestable; held in abhorrence; that renders a person infamous rake or gambler.", "3. Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime. An infamous person cannot be a witness."], "infamously": ["IN'FAMOUSLY, adv. In a manner or degree to render infamous; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully.", "1. With open reproach."], "infamy": ["IN'FAMY, n. L. infamia; in and fama, report.", "1. Total loss of reputation; public disgrace. Avoid the crimes and vices which expose men to infamy.", "2. Qualities which are detested and despised; qualities notoriously bad and scandalous; as the infamy of an action.", "3. In law, that loss of character or public disgrace which a convict incurs, and by which a person is rendered incapable of being a witness or juror."], "infant": ["IN'FANT, n. L. infans; in and fans, speaking, fari, to speak.", "1. A child in the first period of life, beginning at his birth; a young babe. In common usage, a child ceases to be called an infant within the first or second year, but at no definite period. In some cases, authors indulge a greater latitude, and extend the term to include children of several years of age.", "2. In law, a person under the age of twenty one years, who is incapable of making valid contracts.", "IN'FANT, a. Pertaining to infancy or the first period of life.", "1. Young; tender; not mature; as infant strength."], "infante": ["INFANT'E, n. In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, except the eldest or heir apparent."], "infantly": ["IN'FANTLY, a. Like a child's."], "inferior": ["INFE'RIOR, a. L. comp. from inferus, low.", "1. Lower in place.", "2. Lower in station, age, or rank in life. Pay due respect to those who are superior in station, and due civility to those who are inferior.", "3. Lower in excellence or value; as a poem of inferior merit; cloth of inferior quality or price.", "4. Subordinate; of less importance. Attend to health and safety; ease and convenience are inferior considerations.", "INFE'RIOR, n. A person who is younger, or of a lower station or rank in society.", "A person gets more by obliging his inferior, than by disdaining him."], "inferiority": ["INFERIOR'ITY, n. A lower state of dignity, age, value or quality. We speak of the inferiority of rank, of office, of talents, of age, of worth."], "infidel": ["IN'FIDEL, a. L. infidelis; in and fidelis; faithful.", "Unbelieving; disbelieving the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the divine institution of christianity.", "The infidel writer is a great enemy to society.", "IN'FIDEL, n. One who disbelieves the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the divine origin of christianity."], "infidelity": ["INFIDEL'ITY, n. L. infidelitas.", "1. In general, want of faith or belief; a withholding of credit.", "2. Disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the divine original of christianity; unbelief.", "There is no doubt that vanity is one principal cause of infidelity.", "3. Unfaithfulness, particularly in married persons; a violation of the marriage covenant by adultery or lewdness.", "4. Breach of trust; treachery; deceit; as the infidelity of a friend or a servant. In this sense, unfaithfulness is most used."], "infinite": ["IN'FINITE, a. L. infinitus; in and finitus, terminated.", "1. Without limits; unbounded; boundless; not circumscribed; applied to time, space and qualities. God is infinite in duration, having neither beginning nor end of existence. He is also infinite in presence, or omnipresent, and his perfections are infinite. We also speak of infinite space.", "2. That will have no end. Thus angels and men, though they have had a beginning, will exist in infinite duration.", "3. That has a beginning in space, but is infinitely extended; as, a line beginning at a point, but extended indefinitely, is an infinite line.", "4. Infinite is used loosely and hyperbolically for indefinitely large, immense, of great size or extent.", "Infinite canon, in music, a perpetual fugue."], "infinitely": ["IN'FINITELY, adv. Without bounds or limits.", "1. Immensely; greatly; to a great extent or degree; as, I am infinitely obliged by your condescension."], "infiniteness": ["IN'FINITENESS, n. Boundless extent of time, space or qualities; infinity.", "1. Immensity; greatness."], "infinitive": ["INFIN'ITIVE, a. L. infinitivus.", "In grammar, the infinitive mode expresses the action of the verb, without limitation of person or number; as, to love."], "infirm": ["INFIRM, a. inferm'. L. infirmus; in and firmus.", "1. Not firm or sound; weak; feeble; as an infirm body; an infirm constitution.", "2. Weak of mind; irresolute; as infirm of purpose.", "3. Not solid or stable.", "He who fixes on false principles, treads on infirm ground.", "INFIRM, v.t. inferm'. To weaken. Not used."], "infirmity": ["INFIRMITY, n. inferm'ity. L. infirmitas.", "1. An unsound or unhealthy state of the body; weakness; feebleness. Old age is subject to infirmities.", "2. Weakness of mind; failing; fault; foible.", "A friend should bear a friend's infirmities.", "3. Weakness of resolution.", "4. Any particular disease; malady; applied rather to chronic, than to violent diseases.", "5. Defect; imperfection; weakness; as the infirmities of a constitution of government."], "infirmness": ["INFIRMNESS, n. inferm'ness. Weakness; feebleness; unsoundness."], "inflame": ["INFLA'ME, v.t. L. inflammo; in and flamma, flame.", "1. To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn; in a literal sense. But more generally,", "2. To excite or increase, as passion or appetite; to enkindle into violent action; as, to inflame love, lust or thirst; to inflame desire or anger.", "3. To exaggerate; to aggravate in description.", "A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy inflames his crimes. Unusual.", "4. To heat; to excite excessive action in the blood; as to inflame the blood or body; to inflame with wine.", "5. To provoke; to irritate; to anger.", "6. To increase; to exasperate; as, to inflame the enmity of parties, or the spirit of sedition.", "7. To increase; to augment; as, to inflame a presumption.", "INFLA'ME, v.i. To grow hot, angry and painful."], "inflamed": ["INFLA'MED, pp. Set on fire; enkindled; heated; provoked; exasperated."], "inflamer": ["INFLA'MER, n. The person or thing that inflames."], "inflaming": ["INFLA'MING, ppr. Kindling; heating; provoking; exasperating."], "inflammability": ["INFLAMMABIL'ITY, n. Susceptibility of taking fire."], "inflammable": ["INFLAM'MABLE, a. That may be set on fire; easily enkindled; susceptible of combustion; as inflammable oils or spirits."], "inflammableness": ["INFLAM'MABLENESS, n. The quality of being susceptible of flame, or capable of taking fire; inflammability."], "inflammation": ["INFLAMMA'TION, n. L. inflammatio.", "1. The act of setting on fire or inflaming.", "2. The state of being in flame.", "3. In medicine and surgery, a redness and swelling of any part of an animal body, attended with heat, pain and febrile symptoms.", "4. Violent excitement; heat; animosity; turbulence; as an inflammation of the body politic, or of parties."], "inflict": ["INFLICT', v.t. L. inflictus, infligo; in and fligo, to strike; Eng. to flog.", "To lay on; to throw or send on; to apply; as, to inflict pain or disgrace; to inflict punishment on an offender.", "To inflict an office, condition, knowledge, tenderness, &c. on one, as used by Chesterfield, is not an authorized use of the word."], "inflicted": ["INFLICT'ED, pp. Laid on; applied; as punishment or judgments."], "inflicter": ["INFLICT'ER, n. He who lays on or applies."], "inflicting": ["INFLICT'ING, ppr. Laying on; applying."], "infliction": ["INFLIC'TION, n. L. inflictio. The act of laying on or applying; as the infliction of torment or of punishment.", "1. The punishment applied.", "His severest inflictions are in themselves acts of justice and righteousness."], "inflictive": ["INFLICT'IVE, a. Tending or able to inflict."], "influence": ["IN'FLUENCE, n. L. influens, influo, to flow in; in and fluo, to flow. Literally, a flowing in, into or on, and referring to substances spiritual or too subtil to be visible, like inspiration. Hence the word was formerly followed by into.", "God hath his influence into the very essence of all things.", "It is not followed by on or with.", "1. In a general sense, influence denotes power whose operation is invisible and known only by its effects, or a power whose cause and operation are unseen.", "2. The power which celestial bodies are supposed to exert on terrestrial; as the influence of the planets on the birth and fortunes of men; an exploded doctrine of astrology.", "3. Moral power; power of truth operating on the mind, rational faculties or will, in persuading or dissuading, as the influence of motives, of arguments,or of prayer. We say, arguments had no influence on the jury. The magistrate is not popular; he has no influence with the people; or he has great influence with the prince.", "4. Physical power; power that affects natural bodies by unseen operation; as, the rays of the sun have an influence in whitening cloth, and in giving a green color to vegetables.", "5. Power acting on sensibility; as the influence of love or pity in sympathy.", "6. Spiritual power, or the immediate power of God on the mind; as divine influence; the influences of the Holy Spirit.", "IN'FLUENCE, v.t. To move by physical power operating by unseen laws or force; to affect.", "These experiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo, as in the open air, and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere.", "1. To move by moral power; to act on and affect, as the mind or will, in persuading or dissuading; to induce. Men are influenced by motives of interest or pleasure. An orator may influence the people to take arms, or to abandon an enterprise.", "2. To move, as the passions, as, to influence one by pity.", "3. To lead or direct. This revelation is sufficient to influence our faith and practice."], "influenced": ["IN'FLUENCED, pp. Moved; excited; affected; persuaded; induced."], "influencing": ["IN'FLUENCING, ppr. Moving; affecting; inducing."], "infold": ["INFOLD, v.i. in and fold. To involve; to wrap up or enwrap; to inclose.", "Infold his limbs in bands.", "1. To clasp with the arms; to embrace.", "Noble Banco, let me infold thee,", "And hold thee to my heart."], "infolded": ["INFOLDED, pp. Involved; enwrapped; inclosed; embraced."], "infolding": ["INFOLDING, ppr. Involving; wrapping up; clasping."], "inform": ["INFORM', v.t. L. informo, to shape; in and formo, forma, form.", "Properly, to give form or shape to, but in this sense not used.", "1. To animate; to give life to; to actuate by vital powers.", "Let others better mold the running mass", "Of metals, and inform the breathing brass.", "Breath informs this fleeting frame.", "--Breathes in our soul, informs our vital part.", "This use is chiefly or wholly poetical.", "2. To instruct; to tell to; to acquaint; to communicate knowledge to; to make known to by word or writing; usually followed by of. Before we judge, we should be well informed of the facts relating to the case. A messenger arrived and informed the commander of the state of the troops. Letters from Europe inform us of the commencement of hostilities between the Persians and Turks.", "3. To communicate a knowledge of facts to one by way of accusation.", "Tertullus informed the governor against Paul. Acts.24.", "In this application the verb is usually intransitive; as, A informed against B.", "INFORM', v.i. To give intelligence.", "He might either teach in the same manner, or inform how he had been taught--", "To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation; to give intelligence of a breach of law. Two persons came to the magistrate, and informed against A.", "INFORM', a. L. informis. Without regular form; shapeless; ugly."], "informal": ["INFORM'AL, a. in and formal. Not in the regular or usual form; as an informal writing; informal proceedings.", "1. Not in the usual manner; not according to custom; as an informal visit.", "2. Not with the official forms; as the secretary made to the envoy an informal communication."], "informality": ["INFORMAL'ITY, n. from informal. Want of regular or customary form. The informality of legal proceedings may render them void."], "informally": ["INFORM'ALLY, adv. In an irregular or informal manner; without the usual forms."], "informant": ["INFORM'ANT, n. One who informs, or gives intelligence.", "1. One who offers an accusation. See Informer, which is generally used."], "informative": ["INFORM'ATIVE, a. Having power to animate."], "informed": ["INFORM'ED, pp. Told; instructed; made acquainted."], "informer": ["INFORM'ER, n. One who animates, informs or gives intelligence.", "1. One who communicates, or whose duty it is to communicate to a magistrate a knowledge of the violations of law, and bring the offenders to trial."], "informing": ["INFORM'ING, ppr. Giving notice or intelligence; telling.", "1. Communicating facts by way of accusation.", "Informing officer, is an officer whose duty it is to inform against persons for breaches of law, as an attorney-general, a sheriff, constable, or grand juror.", "A common informer, is any person who informs against another."], "informity": ["INFORM'ITY, n. L. informis. Want of regular form; shapelessness."], "informous": ["INFORM'OUS, a. L. informis. Of no regular form or figure; shapeless."], "ingathering": ["INGATH'ERING, n. in and gathering. The act or business of collecting and securing the fruits of the earth; harvest; a the feast of ingathering. Ex.23."], "inhabit": ["INHAB'IT, v.t. L. inhabito; in and habito, to dwell.", "To live or dwell in; to occupy as a place of settled residence. Wild beasts inhabit the forest; fishes inhabit the ocean, lakes and rivers; men inhabit cities and houses.", "Thus saith the high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity--Is.57.", "INHAB'IT, v.i. To dwell; to live; to abide.", "They say wild beasts inhabit here."], "inhabitable": ["INHAB'ITABLE, a. from inhabit. Habitable; that may be inhabited; capable of affording habitation to animals. The stars may be inhabitable worlds. Some regions of the earth are not inhabitable by reason of cold or sterility. A building may be too old and decayed to be inhabitable.", "1. Not habitable. L. inhabitabilis. Not in use."], "inhabitance": ["INHAB'ITANCE, n. Residence of dwellers. Little used."], "inhabitancy": ["INHAB'ITANCY, n. Residence; habitancy; permanent or legal residence in a town, city or parish; or the domiciliation which the law required to entitle a pauper to demand support from the town, city or parish in which he lives, otherwise called a legal settlement, which subjects a town to support a person, if a pauper."], "inhabitant": ["INHAB'ITANT, n. A dweller; one who dwells or resides permanently in a place, or who has a fixed residence, as distinguished from an occasional lodger or visitor; as the inhabitant of a house or cottage; the inhabitants of a town, city, county or state. So brute animals are inhabitants of the regions to which their natures are adapted; and we speak of spiritual beings, as inhabitants of heaven.", "1. One who has a legal settlement in a town, city or parish. The conditions or qualifications which constitute a person an inhabitant of a town or parish, so as to subject the town or parish to support him, if a pauper, are defined by the statutes of different governments or states."], "inhabitation": ["INHABITA'TION, n. The act of inhabiting, or state of being inhabited.", "1. Abode; place of dwelling.", "2. Population; whole mass of inhabitants.", "This word is little use."], "inhabited": ["INHAB'ITED, pp. Occupied by inhabitants, human or irrational."], "inhabiter": ["INHAB'ITER, n. One who inhabits; a dweller; an inhabitant."], "inhabiting": ["INHAB'ITING, ppr. Dwelling in; occupying as a settled or permanent inhabitant; residing in."], "inherit": ["INHER'IT, v.t. L. hoeres, an heir. See Heir.", "1. To take by descent from an ancestor; to take by succession, as the representative of the former possessor; to receive, as a right or title descendible by law from an ancestor at his decease. The heir inherits the lands or real estate of his father; the eldest son of the nobleman inherits his father's title, and the eldest son of a king inherits the crown.", "2. To receive by nature from a progenitor. The son inherits the virtues of his father; the daughter inherits the temper of her mother, and children often inherit the constitutional infirmities of their parents.", "3. To possess; to enjoy; to take as a possession, by gift or divine appropriation; as, to inherit everlasting life; to inherit the promises.", "--That thou mayest live, and inherit the land which Jehovah thy God giveth thee. Deut. 16.", "The meek shall inherit the earth. Matt.5.", "INHER'IT, v.i. To take or have possession or property.", "--Thou shall not inherit in our father's house. Judges 11."], "inheritable": ["INHER'ITABLE, a. That may be inherited; transmissible or descendible from the ancestor to the heir by course of law; as an inheritable estate or title.", "1. That may be transmitted from the parent to the child; as inheritable qualities or infirmities.", "2. Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by descent.", "By attainder--the blood of the person attainted is so corrupted as to be rendered no longer inheritable."], "inheritably": ["INHER'ITABLY, adv. By inheritance."], "inheritance": ["INHER'ITANCE, n. An estate derived from an ancestor to an heir by succession or in course of law; or an estate which the law casts on a child or other person, as the representative of the deceased ancestor.", "1. The reception of an estate by hereditary right, or the descent by which an estate or title is cast on the heir; as, the heir received the estate by inheritance.", "2. The estate or possession which may descend to an heir, though it has not descended.", "And Rachel and Leah answered and said, is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? Gen.31.", "3. An estate given or possessed by donation or divine appropriation. Num.26.", "4. That which is possessed or enjoyed.", "Ask of me, and I will give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Ps.2."], "inherited": ["INHER'ITED, pp. Received by descent from an ancestor; possessed."], "inheriting": ["INHER'ITING, ppr. Taking by succession or right of representation; receiving from ancestors; possessing."], "inheritor": ["INHER'ITOR, n. An heir; one who inherits or may inherit."], "iniquity": ["INIQ'UITY, n. L. iniquitas; in and oequitas, equity.", "1. Injustice; unrighteousness; a deviation from rectitude; as the iniquity of war; the iniquity of the slave trade.", "2. Want of rectitude in principle; as a malicious prosecution originating in the iniquity of the author.", "3. A particular deviation from rectitude; a sin or crime; wickedness; any act of injustice.", "Your iniquities have separated between you and your God. Is.59.", "4. Original want of holiness or depravity.", "I was shapen in iniquity. Ps.51."], "injure": ["IN'JURE, v.t. L. injuria, injury.", "1. To hurt or wound, as the person; to impair soundness, as of health.", "2. To damage or lessen the value of, as goods or estate.", "3. To slander, tarnish or impair, as reputation or character.", "4. To impair or diminish; to annoy; as happiness.", "5. To give pain to; to grieve; as sensibility or feelings.", "7. To hurt or weaken; as, to injure a good cause.", "8. To impair; to violate; as, to injure rights.", "9. To make worse; as, great rains injure the roads.", "10. In general, to wrong the person, to damage the property, or to lessen the happiness of ourselves or others. A man injures his person by wounds, his estate by negligence or extravagance, and his happiness by vices. He injures his neighbor by violence to his person, by fraud, by calumny, and by non-fulfillment of his contracts."], "injured": ["IN'JURED, pp. Hurt; wounded; damaged; impaired; weakened; made worse."], "injurer": ["IN'JURER, n. One who injures or wrongs."], "injuring": ["IN'JURING, ppr. Hurting; damaging; impairing; weakening; rendering worse."], "injurious": ["INJU'RIOUS, a. L. injurius.", "1. Wrongful; unjust; hurtful to the rights of another. That which impairs rights or prevents the enjoyment of them, is injurious.", "2. Hurtful to the person or health. Violence is injurious to the person, as intemperance is to the health.", "3. Affecting with damage or loss. Indolence is injurious to property.", "4. Mischievous; hurtful; as the injurious consequences of sin or folly.", "5. Lessening or tarnishing reputation. The very suspicion of cowardice is injurious to a soldier's character.", "6. Detractory; contumelious; hurting reputation; as, obscure hints as well as open detraction, are sometimes injurious to reputation.", "7. In general, whatever gives pain to the body or mind, whatever impairs or destroys property or rights, whatever tarnishes reputation, whatever disturbs happiness, whatever retards prosperity or defeats the success of a good cause, is deemed injurious."], "injuriously": ["INJU'RIOUSLY, adv. Wrongfully; hurtfully; with injustice; mischievously."], "injuriousness": ["INJU'RIOUSNESS, n. The quality of being injurious or hurtful; injury."], "injury": ["IN'JURY, n. L. injuria; in and jus,juris, right.", "1. In general, any wrong or damage done to a man's person, rights, reputation or goods. That which impairs the soundness of the body or health, or gives pain, is an injury. That which impairs the mental faculties, is an injury. These injuries may be received by a fall or by other violence. Trespass, fraud, and non-fulfillment of covenants and contracts are injuries to rights. Slander is an injury to reputation, and so is cowardice and vice. Whatever impairs the quality or diminishes the value of goods or property, is an injury. We may receive injury by misfortune as well as by injustice.", "2. Mischief; detriment.", "Many times we do injury to a cause by dwelling on trifling arguments.", "3. Any diminution of that which is good, valuable or advantageous."], "injustice": ["INJUS'TICE, n. L. injustitia; in and justitia,justice.", "1. Iniquity; wrong; any violation of another's rights, as fraud in contracts, or the withholding of what is due. It has a particular reference to an unequal distribution of rights, property or privileges among persons who have equal claims.", "2. The withholding from another merited praise, or ascribing to him unmerited blame."], "ink": ["INK, n. A black liquor or substance used for writing, generally made of an infusion of galls, copperas and gum-arabic.", "1. Any liquor used for writing or forming letters, as red ink, &c.", "2. A pigment.", "Printing ink is made by boiling lintseed oil, and burning it about a minute, and mixing it with lampblack, with an addition of soap and rosin.", "Ink for the rolling press, is made with lintseed oil burnt as above,and mixed with Frankfort black.", "Indian ink, from China, is composed of lampblack, and size or animal glue.", "Sympathetic ink, a liquor used in writing, which exhibits no color or appearance till some other means are used, such as holding it to the fire, or rubbing something over it.", "INK, v.t. To black or daub with ink."], "inkhorn": ["INK'HORN, n. ink and horn; horns being formerly used for holding ink.", "1. A small vessel used to hold ink on a writing table or desk, or for carrying it about the person. Inkhorns are made of horn, glass or stone.", "2. A portable case for the instruments of writing."], "inn": ["INN, n. Heb. To dwell or to pitch a tent.", "1. A house for the lodging and entertainment of travelers. In America, it is often a tavern, where liquors are furnished for travelers and others.", "There was no room for them in the inn. Luke 2.", "2. In England, a college of municipal or common law professors and students; formerly, the town-house of a nobleman, bishop or other distinguished personage, in which he resided when he attended the court.", "Inns of court, colleges in which students of law reside and are instructed. The principal are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn.", "Inns of chancery, colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies. These are now occupied chiefly by attorneys, solicitors, &c."], "inner": ["IN'NER, a. from in. Interior; farther inward than something else, as an inner chamber; the inner court of a temple or palace.", "1. Interior; internal; not outward; as the inner man. Eph.3."], "innermost": ["IN'NERMOST, a. Farthest inward; most remote from the outward part. Prov. 18."], "innocency": ["IN'NOCENCY, n. L. innocentia; in and noceo, to hurt.", "1. Properly, freedom from any quality that can injure; innoxiousness; harmlessness; as the innocence of a medicine which can do no harm. In this sense, the noun is not obsolete, though less used than the adjective.", "2. In a moral sense, freedom from crime, sin or guilt; untainted purity of heart and life; unimpaired integrity.", "Enjoyment left nothing to ask--innocence left nothing to fear.", "3. Freedom from guilt or evil intentions; simplicity of heart; as the innocence of a child.", "4. Freedom from the guilt of a particular sin or crime. This is the sense in which the word is most generally used, for perfect innocence cannot be predicated of man. A man charged with theft or murder may prove his innocence.", "5. The state of being lawfully conveyed to a belligerent, or of not being contraband; as the innocence of a cargo, or of any merchandize."], "innocent": ["IN'NOCENT, a. L.innocens.", "1. Properly, not noxious; not producing injury; free from qualities that can injure; harmless; innoxious; as an innocent medicine or remedy.", "2. Free from guilt; not having done wrong or violated any law; not tainted with sin; pure; upright. In this general sense, no human being that is a moral agent, can be innocent. It is followed by of.", "3. Free from the guilt of a particular crime or evil action; as, a man is innocent of the crime charged in the indictment.", "4. Lawful; permitted; as an innocent trade.", "5. Not contraband; not subject to forfeiture; as innocent goods carried to a belligerent nation.", "IN'NOCENT, n. One free from guilt or harm.", "1. A natural; an idiot. Unusual."], "innocently": ["IN'NOCENTLY, adv. Without harm; without incurring guilt.", "1. With simplicity; without evil design.", "2. Without incurring a forfeiture or penalty; as goods innocently imported."], "innumerable": ["INNU'MERABLE, a. L. innumerabilis. See Number.", "1. Not to be counted; that cannot be enumerated or numbered for multitude.", "2. In a loose sense, very numerous."], "innumerableness": ["INNU'MERABLENESS, n. State of being innumerable."], "innumerably": ["INNU'MERABLY, adv. Without number."], "innumerous": ["INNU'MEROUS, a. L. innumerus; in and numerus, number.", "Too many to be counted or numbered; innumerable."], "inordinate": ["INOR'DINATE, a. L. inordinatus; in and ordo,order.", "Irregular; disorderly; excessive; immoderate; not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds; as an inordinate love of the world; inordinate desire of fame."], "inordinately": ["INOR'DINATELY, adv. Irregularly; excessively; immoderately."], "inordinateness": ["INOR'DINATENESS, n. Deviation from order; excess; want of moderation; inordinacy; intemperance in desire or other passion."], "inordination": ["INORDINA'TION, n. Irregularity; deviation from rule or right."], "inquirable": ["INQUI'RABLE, a. from inquire. That may be inquired into; subject to inquisition or inquest."], "inquire": ["INQUI'RE, v.i. L. inquiro; in and quoero, to seek.", "1. To ask a question; to seek for truth or information by asking questions.", "We will call the damsel and inquire at her mouth. Gen.24.", "It has of before the person asked. Enquire of them, or of him. It has of, concerning, or after, before the subject of inquiry.", "He sent Hadoram, his son, to king David to inquire of his welfare. 1 Chron.18.", "For thou does not inquire wisely concerning this.", "Eccl. 7.", "When search is to be made for particular knowledge or information, it is followed by into. The coroner by jury inquires into the cause of a sudden death. When a place or person is sought, or something hid or missing, for is commonly used. Inquire for Saul of Tarsus. He was inquiring for the house to which he was directed. Inquire for the cloke that is lost. Inquire for the right road. Sometimes it is followed by after. Inquire after the right way.", "When some general information is sought, this verb is followed by about; sometimes by concerning. His friends inquired about him; they inquired concerning his welfare.", "2. To seek for truth by argument or the discussion of questions, or by investigation.", "To inquire into, to make examination; to seek for particular information. Inquire into the time, manner and place. Inquire into all the circumstances of the case.", "INQUI'RE, v.t. To ask about; to seek by asking; as,he inquired the way; but the phrase is elliptical, for inquire for the way."], "inquirent": ["INQUI'RENT, a. Making inquiry."], "inquirer": ["INQUI'RER, n. One who asks a question; one who interrogates; one who searches or examines; one who seeks for knowledge or information."], "inquiring": ["INQUI'RING, ppr. Seeking for information by asking questions; asking; questioning; interrogating; examining."], "inquiry": ["INQUI'RY, n.", "1. The act of inquiring; a seeking for information by asking questions; interrogation.", "The men who were sent from Cornelius, had made inquiry for Simon's house,and stood before the gate. Acts.10.", "2. Search for truth, information or knowledge; research; examination into facts or principles by proposing and discussing questions, by solving problems, by experiments or other modes; as physical inquiries; inquiries about philosophical knowledge.", "The first inquiry of a rational being should be, who made me? the second, why was I made? who is my Creator, and what is his will?"], "inquisition": ["INQUISI'TION, n. s as z. L. inquisitio,inquiro. See Inquire.", "1. Inquiry; examination; a searching or search. Ps.9.", "2. Judicial inquiry; official examination; inquest.", "The justices in eyre had it formerly in charge to make inquisition concerning them by a jury of the county.", "3. Examination; discussion.", "4. In some catholic countries, a court or tribunal established for the examination and punishment of heretics. This court was established in the twelfth century by father Dominic, who was charged by pope Innocent III. with orders to excite catholic princes and people to extirpate heretics."], "inquisitional": ["INQUISI'TIONAL, a. Making inquiry; busy in inquiry."], "inquisitive": ["INQUIS'ITIVE, a. s as z. Apt to ask questions; addicted to inquiry; inclined to seek information by questions; followed by about or after. He was very inquisitive about or after news. Children are usually inquisitive.", "1. Inclined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation or observation; given to research. He possesses an inquisitive mind or disposition. We live in an inquisitive age.", "INQUIS'ITIVE, n. A person who is inquisitive; one curious in research."], "inquisitively": ["INQUIS'ITIVELY, adv. With curiosity to obtain information; with scrutiny."], "inquisitiveness": ["INQUIS'ITIVENESS, n. The disposition to obtain information by questioning others, or by researches into facts, causes or principles; curiosity to learn what is not known. The works of nature furnish ample matter for the inquisitiveness of the human mind."], "inscription": ["INSCRIP'TION, n.L. inscriptio. See Inscribe.", "1. Something written or engraved to communicate knowledge to after ages; any character, word, line or sentence written or engraved on a solid substance for duration; as inscriptions on monuments, called epitaphs, on pillars, &c. We do not call by this name writings on paper or parchment.", "2. A title.", "3. An address or consignment of a book to a person, as a mark of respect, or an invitation of patronage. It is less formal than a dedication."], "inscriptive": ["INSCRIP'TIVE, a. Bearing inscription."], "inside": ["IN'SIDE, n. in and side. The interior part of a thing; internal part; opposed to outside; as the inside of a church; the inside of a letter."], "insomuch": ["INSOMUCH', adv. in,so, and much. So that; to that degree.", "Simonides was an excellent poet,insomuch that he made his fortune by it.", "This word or combination of words is not deemed elegant, and is obsolescent, at least in classical composition."], "inspirable": ["INSPI'RABLE, a. from inspire. That may be inspired.", "1. That may be drawn into the lungs; inhalable; as air or vapors."], "inspiration": ["INSPIRA'TION, n. L. inspiro.", "1. The act of drawing air into the lungs; the inhaling of air; a branch of respiration, and opposed to expiration.", "2. The act of breathing into any thing.", "3. The infusion of ideas into the mind by the Holy Spirit; the conveying into the minds of men, ideas, notices or monitions by extraordinary or supernatural influence; or the communication of the divine will to the understanding by suggestions or impressions on the mind, which leave no room to doubt the reality of their supernatural origin.", "All Scripture is given by inspiration of God. 2 Tim.3.", "4. The infusion of ideas or directions by the supposed deities of pagans.", "5. The infusion or communication of ideas or poetic spirit, by a superior being or supposed presiding power; as the inspiration of Homer or other poet."], "inspire": ["INSPI'RE, v.i. L. inspiro; in and spiro, to breathe.", "To draw in breath; to inhale air into the lungs; opposed to expire.", "INSPI'RE, v.t. To breathe into.", "Ye nine, descend and sing,", "The breathing instruments inspire.", "1. To infuse by breathing.", "He knew not his Maker, and him that inspired into him an active soul.", "2. To infuse into the mind; as, to inspire with new life.", "3. To infuse or suggest ideas or monitions supernaturally; to communicate divine instructions to the mind. In this manner, we suppose the prophets to have been inspired, and the Scriptures to have been composed under divine influence or direction.", "4. To infuse ideas or poetic spirit.", "5. To draw into the lungs; as, to inspire and expire the air with difficulty."], "inspired": ["INSPI'RED, pp. Breathed in; inhaled; infused.", "1. Informed or directed by the Holy Spirit."], "inspirer": ["INSPI'RER, n. He that inspires."], "inspiring": ["INSPI'RING, ppr. Breathing in; inhaling into the lungs; infusing into the mind supernaturally.", "1. Infusing spirit or courage; animating."], "instant": ["IN'STANT, a. L. instans, insto.", "1. Pressing; urgent; importunate; earnest.", "Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer. Rom.12.", "2. Immediate; without intervening time; present.", "Impending death is thine and instant doom.", "3. Quick; making no delay.", "Instant he flew with hospitable haste.", "4. Present; current. On the tenth of July instant.", "IN'STANT, n. A point in duration; a moment; a part of duration in which we perceive no succession, or a part that occupies the time of a single thought.", "1. A particular time."], "instanter": ["INSTANT'ER, adv. L. In law, immediately; at the present time; without delay.", "The party was compelled to plead instanter."], "instantly": ["IN'STANTLY, adv. Immediately; without any intervening time; at the moment.", "Lightning often kills instantly.", "1. With urgent importunity.", "And when they came to Jesus,they besought him instantly, saying, that he was worthy for whom he should do this. Luke 7.", "2. With diligence and earnestness. Acts.26."], "instead": ["INSTEAD, insted'. a compound of in and stead, place; but stead retains its character of a noun, and is followed by of; instead of, in the same manner as in the stead of.", "In the place or room of.", "Let thistles grow instead of wheat. Job 31.", "Absalom made Amasa captain of the hose instead of Joab. 2 Sam.17.", "This consideration is instead of a thousand arguments. In this use, instead may be equivalent to equal to.", "When instead is used without of following, there is an ellipsis, or some words are understood."], "instruct": ["INSTRUCT', v.t. L. instruo, instructum; in and struo, to set or to put on, to furnish. The L. struo is contracted from struco or strugo. See Destroy.", "1. To teach; to inform the mind; to educate; to impart knowledge to one who was destitute of it. The first duty of parents is to instruct their children in the principles of religion and morality.", "2. To direct; to enjoin; to persuade or admonish.", "She being before instructed by her mother, said, give me here the head of John the Baptist in a charger. Matt.14.", "3. To direct or command; to furnish with orders. The president instructed his envoy to insist on the restitution of the property.", "4. To inform; to advise or give notice to. On this question the court is not instructed.", "5. To model; to form; to prepare. Not used."], "instructed": ["INSTRUCT'ED, pp. Taught; informed; trained up; educated."], "instructible": ["INSTRUCT'IBLE, a. Able to instruct."], "instructing": ["INSTRUCT'ING, ppr. Teaching; informing the mind; directing."], "instruction": ["INSTRUC'TION, n. L. instructio.", "1. The act of teaching or informing the understanding in that of which it was before ignorant; information.", "2. Precepts conveying knowledge.", "Receive my instruction and not silver. Prov.8.", "3. Direction; order; command; mandate. The minister received instructions from his sovereign to demand a categorical answer."], "instructive": ["INSTRUCT'IVE, a. Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform. Affliction furnishes very instructive lessons."], "instructively": ["INSTRUCT'IVELY, adv. So as to afford instruction."], "instructor": ["INSTRUCT'OR, n. A teacher; a person who imparts knowledge to another by precept or information. 1 Cor.4.", "1. The preceptor of a school or seminary of learning; any president, professor or tutor, whose business is to teach languages, literature or the sciences; any professional man who teaches the principles of his profession."], "instrument": ["IN'STRUMENT, n. L. instrumentum, from instruo, to prepare; that which is prepared.", "1. A tool; that by which work is performed or any thing is effected; as a knife, a hammer, a saw, a plow, &c. Swords, muskets and cannon are instruments of destruction. A telescope is an astronomical instrument.", "2. That which is subservient to the execution of a plan or purpose, or to the production of any effect; means used or contributing to an effect; applicable to persons or things. Bad men are often instruments of ruin to others. The distribution of the Scriptures may be the instrument of a vastly extensive reformation in morals and religion.", "3. An artificial machine or body constructed for yielding harmonious sounds; as an organ, a harpsichord, a violin, or flute, &c., which are called musical instruments, or instruments of music.", "4. In law, a writing containing the terms of a contract, as a deed of conveyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, &c.; in general, a writing by which some fact is recorded for evidence, or some right conveyed.", "5. A person who acts for another, or is employed by another for a special purpose, and if the purpose is dishonorable, the term implies degradation or meanness."], "instrumental": ["INSTRUMENT'AL, a. Conducive as an instrument or means to some end; contributing aid; serving to promote or effect an object; helpful. The press has been instrumental in enlarging the bounds of knowledge.", "1. Pertaining to instruments; made by instruments; as instrumental music, distinguished form vocal music, which is made by the human voice."], "instrumentality": ["INSTRUMENTAL'ITY, n. Subordinate or auxiliary agency; agency of any thing as means to an end; as the instrumentality of second causes."], "instrumentally": ["INSTRUMENT'ALLY, adv. By way of an instrument; in the nature of an instrument; as means to an end.", "1. With instruments of music."], "instrumentalness": ["INSTRUMENT'ALNESS, n. Usefulness, as of means to an end; instrumentality."], "insurrection": ["INSURREC'TION, n. L. insurgo; in and surgo, to rise.", "1. A rising against civil or political authority; the open and active opposition of a number of persons to the execution of a law in a city or state. It is equivalent to sedition, except that sedition expresses a less extensive rising of citizens. It differs from rebellion, for the latter expresses a revolt, or an attempt to overthrow the government, to establish a different one or to place the country under another jurisdiction. It differs from mutiny, as it respects the civil or political government; whereas a mutiny is an open opposition to law in the army or navy. Insurrection is however used with such latitude as to comprehend either sedition or rebellion.", "It is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings,and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. Ezra. 4.", "2. A rising in mass to oppose an enemy. Little used."], "insurrectional": ["INSURREC'TIONAL, a. Pertaining to insurrection; consisting in insurrection."], "integral": ["IN'TEGRAL, a. Whole; entire.", "A local motion keepeth bodies integral.", "1. Making part of a whole, or necessary to make a whole.", "2. Not fractional.", "3. Uninjured; complete; not defective.", "IN'TEGRAL, n. A whole; an entire thing."], "integrality": ["INTEGRAL'ITY, n. Entireness. Not used."], "integrally": ["IN'TEGRALLY, adv. Wholly; completely."], "integrant": ["IN'TEGRANT, a. Making part of a whole; necessary to constitute an entire thing.", "Integrant particles of bodies, are those into which bodies are reduced by solution or mechanical division, as distinct from elementary particles."], "integrate": ["IN'TEGRATE, v.t. L. integro. To renew; to restore; to perfect; to make a thing entire."], "integrated": ["IN'TEGRATED, pp. Made entire."], "integration": ["INTEGRA'TION, n. The act of making entire."], "integrity": ["INTEG'RITY, n. L. integritas, from integer.", "1. Wholeness; entireness; unbroken state. The constitution of the U.States guaranties to each state the integrity of its territories. The contracting parties guarantied the integrity of the empire.", "2. The entire, unimpaired state of any thing, particularly of the mind; moral soundness or purity; incorruptness; uprightness; honesty. Integrity comprehends the whole moral character, but has a special reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfers of property,and agencies for others.", "The moral grandeur of independent integrity is the sublimest thing in nature, before which the pomp of eastern magnificence and the splendor of conquest are odious as well as perishable.", "3. Purity; genuine, unadulterated, unimpaired state; as the integrity of language."], "intelligence": ["INTEL'LIGENCE, n. L. intelligentia, from intelligo, to understand. This verb is probably composed of in, inter, or intus, within, and lego to collect. The primary sense of understand is generally to take or hold, as we say, to take one's ideas or meaning.", "1. Understanding; skill.", "2. Notice; information communicated; an account of things distant or before unknown. Intelligence may be transmitted by messengers, by letters, by signals or by telegraphs.", "3. Commerce of acquaintance; terms of intercourse. Good intelligence between men is harmony. So we say, there is a good understanding between persons, when they have the same views, or are free from discord.", "4. A spiritual being; as a created intelligence. It is believed that the universe is peopled with innumerable superior intelligences.", "INTEL'LIGENCE, v.t. To inform; to instruct. Little used."], "intelligent": ["INTEL'LIGENT, a. L. intelligens.", "1. Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason. Man is an intelligent being.", "2. Knowing; understanding; well informed; skilled; as an intelligent officer; an intelligent young man; an intelligent architect; sometimes followed by of; as intelligent of seasons.", "3. Giving information. Not used nor proper."], "intelligible": ["INTEL'LIGIBLE, a. L. intelligibilis. That may be understood or comprehended; as an intelligible account. The rules of human duty are intelligible to minds of the smallest capacity."], "intelligibleness": ["INTEL'LIGIBLENESS, n. from intelligible. The quality of state of being intelligible; the possibility of being understood."], "intelligibly": ["INTEL'LIGIBLY, adv. In a manner to be understood; clearly; plainly; as, to write or speak intelligibly."], "intend": ["INTEND', v.t. L. intendo; in and tendo, to stretch or strain, from teneo; Gr. to stretch.", "1. To stretch; to strain; to extend; to distend.", "By this the lungs are intended or remitted.", "This literal sense is now uncommon.", "2. To mean; to design; to purpose, that is, to stretch or set forward in mind. This is now the usual sense.", "For they intended evil against thee. Ps.21.", "3. To regard; to fix the mind on; to attend; to take care of.", "Having no children, she did with singular care and tenderness intend the education of Phillip.", "This use of the word is now obsolete. We now use tend and superintend or regard.", "4. To enforce; to make intense."], "intendant": ["INTEND'ANT, n. L. intendo.", "1. One who has the charge, oversight, direction or management of some public business; as an intendant of marine; as intendant of finance; a word much used in France, and sometimes in England and America, but we generally use in lieu of it superintendent.", "2. In Charleston, S. Carolina, the mayor or chief municipal officer of the city."], "intended": ["INTEND'ED, pp. Designed; purposed; as, the insult was intended.", "1. Stretched; made intense. Little used."], "intender": ["INTEND'ER, pp. One who intends."], "intending": ["INTEND'ING, ppr. Meaning; designing; purposing.", "1. Stretching; distending. Little used."], "intendment": ["INTEND'MENT, n. Intention; design; in law, the true meaning of a person or of a law, or of any legal instrument. In the construction of statutes or of contracts, the intendment of the same is, if possible, to be ascertained, that is, the true meaning or intention of the legislator or contracting party."], "intent": ["INTENT', a. L. intentus, from intendo. See Intend.", "Literally, having the mind strained or bent on an object; hence, fixed closely; sedulously applied; eager in pursuit of an object; anxiously diligent; formerly with to, but now with on; as intent on business or pleasure; intent on the acquisition of science.", "Be intent and solicitous to take up the meaning of the speaker--", "INTENT', n. Literally, the stretching of the mind towards an object; hence, a design; a purpose; intention; meaning; drift; aim; applied to persons or things.", "The principal intent of Scripture is to deliver the laws of duties supernatural.", "I ask therefore, for what intent ye have sent for me? Acts 10.", "To all intents, in all senses; whatever may be designed.", "He was miserable to all intents and purposes."], "intention": ["INTEN'TION, n. L. intentio. See Intend.", "1. Primarily, a stretching or bending of the mind towards an object; hence, uncommon exertion of the intellectual faculties; closeness of application; fixedness of attention; earnestness.", "Intention is when the mind, with great earnestness and of choice, fixes its view on any idea, considers it on every side, and will not be called off by the ordinary solicitation of other ideas.", "2. Design; purpose; the fixed direction of the mind to a particular object, or a determination to act in a particular manner. It is my intention to proceed to Paris.", "3. End or aim; the object to be accomplished.", "In chronical distempers,the principal intention is to restore the tone of the solid parts.", "4. The state of being strained. See Intension."], "intentional": ["INTEN'TIONAL, a. Intended; designed; done with design or purpose. The act was intentional, not accidental."], "intentioned": ["INTEN'TIONED, in composition; as well-intentioned, having good designs, honest in purpose; ill-intentioned, having ill designs."], "intentive": ["INTENT'IVE, a. Attentive; having the mind close applied.", "This word is nearly superseded by attentive."], "intentively": ["INTENT'IVELY, adv. Closely; with close application."], "intentiveness": ["INTENT'IVENESS, n. Closeness of attention or application of mind."], "intently": ["INTENT'LY, adv. With close attention or application; with eagerness or earnestness; as the mind intently directed to an object; the eyes intently fixed; the man is intently employed in the study of geology."], "intentness": ["INTENT'NESS, n. The state of being intent; close application; constant employment of the mind."], "intercession": ["INTERCES'SION, n. L. intercessio, from intercedo. See Intercede.", "The act of interceding; mediation; interposition between parties at variance, with a view to reconciliation; prayer or solicitation to one party in favor of another, sometimes against another.", "Your intercession now is needless grown;", "Retire and let me speak with her alone.", "He bore the sin of many, and made intercession", "for the transgressors. Is. 53."], "intercessor": ["INTERCES'SOR, n. L. See intercede.", "1. A mediator; one who interposes between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them; one who pleads in behalf of another.", "2. A bishop who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishopric till a successor is elected."], "intermeddle": ["INTERMED'DLE, v.i. inter and meddle. To meddle in the affairs of others, in which one has no concern; to meddle officiously; to interpose or interfere improperly.", "The practice of Spain has been, by war and by conditions of treaty, to intermeddle with foreign states."], "intermeddler": ["INTERMED'DLER, n. One that interposes officiously; one who meddles, or intrudes into business to which he has no right."], "intermeddling": ["INTERMED'DLING, ppr. Interposing officiously; intruding.", "INTERMED'DLING, n. Officious interposition."], "intermission": ["INTERMIS'SION, n. L. intermissio. See Intermit.", "1. Cessation for a time; pause; intermediate stop; as, to labor without intermission; service or business will begin after an intermission of one hour.", "2. Intervenient time.", "3. The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever; the space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermission is an entire cessation, as distinguished from remission or abatement of fever.", "4. The state of being neglected; disuse; as of words. Little used."], "intermissive": ["INTERMIS'SIVE, a. Coming by fits or after temporary cessations; not continual."], "interpret": ["INTER'PRET, v.t. L. interpretor, from interpres.", "1. To explain the meaning or words to a person who does not understand them; to expound; to translate unintelligible words into intelligible ones; as, to interpret the Hebrew language to an Englishman.", "--Immanuel, which being interpreted, signified, God with us. Matt.1.", "2. To explain or unfold the meaning of predictions, vision, dreams or enigmas; to expound and lay open what is concealed from the understanding; as, Joseph interpreted the dream of Pharaoh.", "3. To decipher.", "4. To explain something not understood; as, to interpret looks or signs.", "5. To define; to explain words by other words in the same language."], "interpretable": ["INTER'PRETABLE, a. That may be interpreted or explained."], "interpretation": ["INTERPRETA'TION, n. L. interpretatio.", "1. The act of interpreting; explanation of unintelligible words in language that is intelligible. Interpretation is the design of translation.", "2. The act of expounding or unfolding what is not understood or not obvious; as the interpretation of dreams and prophecy.", "Look how we can, or sad or merrily,", "Interpretation will misquote our looks.", "3. The sense given by an interpreter; exposition. We sometimes find various interpretations of the same passage of Scripture and other ancient writings.", "4. The power of explaining."], "interpretative": ["INTER'PRETATIVE, a. Collected or known by interpretation.", "An interpretative siding with heretics.", "1. Containing explanation."], "interpretatively": ["INTER'PRETATIVELY, adv. As may be collected by interpretation."], "interpreted": ["INTER'PRETED, pp. Explained; expounded."], "interpreter": ["INTER'PRETER, n. One that explains or expounds; an expositor; as an interpreter of the Scriptures.", "1. A translator; one who renders the words of one language in words of corresponding signification in another."], "interpreting": ["INTER'PRETING, ppr. Explaining; expounding; translating."], "into": ["IN'TO, prep. in and to. Noting entrance or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts. It follows verbs expressing motion. Come into the house; go into the church; one stream falls or runs into another. Water enters into the fine vessels of plants.", "1. Noting penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to it. Look into a letter or book; look into an apartment.", "2. Noting insertion. Infuse more spirit or animation into the composition.", "3. Noting mixture. Put other ingredients into the compound.", "4. Noting inclusion. Put these ideas into other words.", "5. Noting the passing of a thing from one form or state to another. Compound substances may be resolved into others which are more simple; ice is convertible into water, and water into vapor. Men are more easily drawn than forced into compliance. We reduce many distinct substances into one mass. We are led by evidence into belief of truth. Men are often enticed into the commission of crimes. Children are sometimes frightened into fits, and we are all liable to be seduced into error and folly."], "intreatful": ["INTRE'ATFUL, a. Full of entreaty."], "intrude": ["INTRU'DE, v.i. L. intrudo; in and trudo, to thrust. See Thrust.", "1. To thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation or welcome; to enter, as into company, against the will of the company or the host; as, to intrude on families at unseasonable hours. Never intrude where your company is not desired.", "2. To encroach; to enter or force one's self in without permission; as, to intrude on the lands of another.", "3. To enter uncalled or uninvited, or without just right. Col.2.", "INTRU'DE, v.t. To thrust one's self in, or to enter into some place without right or welcome.", "1. To force or cast in."], "intruded": ["INTRU'DED, pp. Thrust in."], "intruder": ["INTRU'DER, n. One who intrudes; one who thrusts himself in, or enters where he has no right or is not welcome.", "They were but intruders on the possession, during the minority of the heir.", "They were all strangers and intruders."], "intruding": ["INTRUDING, ppr. Entering without invitation, right or welcome."], "invade": ["INVA'DE, v.t. L. invado; in and vado, to go.", "1. To enter a country, as an army with hostile intentions; to enter as an enemy, with a view to conquest or plunder; to attack. The French armies invaded Holland in 1795. They invaded Russia and perished.", "2. To attack; to assail; to assault.", "There shall be seditions among men and invading one another. 2 Esdras.", "3. To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate. The king invaded the rights and privileges of the people, and the people invaded the prerogatives of the king.", "4. To go into; a Latinism. Not used.", "5. To fall on; to attack; to seize; as a disease."], "invaded": ["INVA'DED, pp. Entered by an army with a hostile design; attacked; assaulted; infringed; violated."], "invader": ["INVA'DER, n. One who enters the territory of another with a view to war, conquest or plunder.", "1. An assailant.", "2. An encroacher; an intruder; one who infringes the rights of another."], "invading": ["INVA'DING, ppr. Entering on the possessions of another with a view to war, conquest or plunder; assaulting; infringing; attacking."], "invasion": ["INVA'SION, n. s as z. L. invasio, from invado. See Invade.", "1. A hostile entrance into the possessions of another; particularly, the entrance of a hostile army into a country for the purpose of conquest or plunder, or the attack of a military force. The north of England and south of Scotland were for centuries subject to invasion, each from the other. The invasion of England by William the Norman, was in 1066.", "2. An attack on the rights of another; infringement or violation.", "3. Attack of a disease; as the invasion of the plague, in Egypt."], "invasive": ["INVA'SIVE, a. from invade. Entering on another's possessions with hostile designs; aggressive."], "invent": ["INVENT', v.t. L. invenio, inventum; in and venio, to come; literally, to come to, to fall on, to meet, Eng. to find.", "1. To find out something new; to devise something not before known; to contrive and produce something that did not before exist; as, to invent a new instrument of music; to invent a machine for spinning; to invent gunpowder. See Invention.", "2. To forge; to fabricate; to contrive falsely; as, to invent falsehoods.", "3. To feign; to frame by the imagination; as, to invent the machinery of a poem.", "4. To light on; to meet with. This is the literal sense, but not now used."], "invented": ["INVENT'ED, pp. Found out; devised; contrived; forged; fabricated."], "inventer": ["INVENT'ER, n. See Inventor."], "inventing": ["INVENT'ING, ppr. Finding out what was before unknown; devising or contriving something new; fabricating."], "invention": ["INVEN'TION, n. L. inventio.", "1. The action or operation of finding out something new; the contrivance of that which did not before exist; as the invention of logarithms; the invention of the art of printing; the invention of the orrery. Invention differs from discovery. Invention is applied to the contrivance and production of something that did not before exist. Discovery brings to light that which existed before, but which was not know. We are indebted to invention for the thermometer and barometer. We are indebted to discovery for the knowledge of the isles in the Pacific ocean, and for the knowledge of galvanism, and many species of earth not formerly known. This distinction is important, though not always observed.", "2. That which is invented. The cotton gin is the invention of Whitney; the steam boat is the invention of Fulton. The Doric,Ionic and Corinthian orders are said to be inventions of the Greeks; the Tuscan and Composite are inventions of the Latins.", "3. Forgery; fiction. Fables are the inventions of ingenious men.", "4. In painting, the finding or choice of the objects which are to enter into the composition of the piece.", "5. In poetry, it is applied to whatever the poet adds to the history of the subject.", "6. In rhetoric, the finding and selecting of arguments to prove and illustrate the point in view.", "7. The power of inventing; that skill or ingenuity which is or may be employed in contriving any thing new. Thus we say, a man of invention.", "8. Discovery; the finding of things hidden or before unknown. Less proper."], "inventive": ["INVENT'IVE, a. Able to invent; quick at contrivance; ready at expedients; as an inventive head or genius."], "inventor": ["INVENT'OR, n. One who finds out something new; one who contrives and produces any thing not before existing; a contriver. The inventors of many of the most useful arts are not known."], "invisible": ["INVIS'IBLE, a. s as z. L. invisibilis; in and visibilis, viso, to see. That cannot be seen; imperceptible by the sight. Millions of stars, invisible to the naked eye, may be seen by the telescope.", "He endured, as seeing him who is invisible. Heb.11."], "invisibleness": ["INVIS'IBLENESS, n. The state of being invisible; imperceptibleness to the sight."], "invisibly": ["INVIS'IBLY, adv. In a manner to escape the sight; imperceptibly to the eye."], "invision": ["INVIS'ION, n. s as z. in and vision. Want of vision, or the power of seeing. Little used."], "invitation": ["INVITA'TION, n. L. invitatio. See Invite. The act of inviting; solicitation; the calling or requesting of a person's company to visit, to dine, or to accompany him to any place."], "invite": ["INVI'TE, v.t. L. invito.", "1. To ask to do some act or to go to some place; to request the company of a person; as, to invite one to dine or sup; to invite friends to a wedding; to invite company to an entertainment; to invite one to an excursion into the country.", "2. To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope.", "--Shady groves, that easy sleep invite.", "3. To present should be in a situation not to invite hostilities."], "invited": ["INVI'TED, pp. Solicited; requested to come or go in person; allured."], "inviter": ["INVI'TER, n. One who invites."], "inviting": ["INVI'TING, ppr. Soliciting the company of; asking to attend.", "1. Alluring; tempting; drawing to; as an inviting amusement or prospect.", "Nothing is so easy and inviting as the retort of abuse and sarcasm.", "INVI'TING, n. Invitation."], "invitingly": ["INVI'TINGLY, adv. In such a manner as to invite or allure."], "inward": ["IN'WARD, a.", "1. Internal; interior; placed or being within; as the inward structure of the body.", "2. Intimate; domestic; familiar.", "3. Seated in the mind or soul.", "IN'WARD"], "inwardness": ["IN'WARDNESS, n. Intimacy; familiarity. Not used.", "1. Internal state. Unusual."], "inwards": ["IN'WARDS, adv. Toward the inside. Turn the attention inward.", "1. Toward the center or interior; as, to bend a thing inward.", "2. Into the mind or thoughts.", "Celestial light shine inward."], "inwardly": ["IN'WARDLY, adv. In the inner parts; internally.", "Let Benedict, like covered fire,", "Consume away in sighs, waste inwardly.", "1. In the heart; privately; secretly. He inwardly repines. It is not easy to treat with respect a person whom we inwardly despise.", "2. Towards the center."], "ire": ["IRE, n. L. ira, wrath. See Eng. Wrath. Anger; wrath; keen resentment; a word chiefly used in poetry.", "Thus will persist, relentless in his ire."], "ireful": ["I'REFUL, a. ire and full. Angry; wrath; furious with anger.", "The ireful bastard Orleans."], "iris": ["I'RIS, n. plu. irises. L. iris, iridis, the rainbow.", "1. The rainbow.", "2. An appearance resembling the rainbow.", "3. The colored circle which surrounds the pupil of the eye, by means of which that opening is enlarged and diminished.", "4. The changeable colors which sometimes appear in the glasses of telescopes, microscopes, &c.", "5. A colored spectrum which a triangular glass prism casts on a wall, when placed at a due angle in the sun-beams.", "6. The flower-de-lis, or flag-=flower, a genus of many species."], "iron": ["IRON, n. i'urn, or i'rn. L. ferrum, for herrum. The radical elements of this word are not easily ascertained.", "1. A metal, the hardest, most common and most useful of all the metals; of a livid whitish color inclined to gray, internally composed, to appearance, of small facets, and susceptible of a fine polish. It is so hard and elastic as to be capable of destroying the aggregation of any other metal. Next to tin, it is the lightest of all metallic substances, and next to gold, the most tenacious. It may be hammered into plates,but not into leaves. Its ductility is more considerable. It has the property of magnetism; it is attracted by the lodestone, and will acquire its properties. It is found rarely in native masses, but in ores, mineralized by different substances, it abounds in every part of the earth. Its medicinal qualities are valuable.", "2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; as a flat-iron, a smoothing-iron.", "Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons? Job.41.", "3. Figuratively, strength; power; as a rod of iron. Dan.2.", "4. Irons, plu. fetters; chains; manacles; handcuffs. Ps.105."], "ironed": ["I'RONED, pp. Smoothed with an iron; shackled; armed with iron."], "ironical": ["IRON'ICAL, a. Expressing one thing and meaning another. An ironical expression is often accompanied with a manner of utterance which indicates that the speaker intends to be understood in a sense directly contrary to that which the words convey."], "ironically": ["IRON'ICALLY, adv. By way of irony; by the use of irony. A commendation may be ironically severe."], "is": ["IS, v.i. iz. L. est. The third person singular of the substantive verb, which is composed of three or four distinct roots, which appear in the words am, be, are, and is. Is and was coincide with the Latin esse, and Goth.wesan. In the indicative, present tense, it is thus varied; I am, thou art, he, she, or it, is; we, ye or you, they, are. In writing and speaking, the vowel is often dropped; as, he's gone; there's none left."], "island": ["ISLAND, n. i'land. This is an absurd compound of isle and land, that is, land-in-water land, or ieland-land. There is no such legitimate word in English, and it is found only in books. The genuine word always used in discourse is our native word, Sax.ealong, D.G. eiland.", "1. A tract of land surrounded by water.", "2. A large mass of floating ice, is called an island of ice."], "islander": ["I'SLANDER, n. i'lander. An inhabitant of an ieland."], "israelite": ["IS'RAELITE, n. A descendant of Israel or Jacob; a Jew."], "israelitish": ["ISRAELI'TISH, a. Pertaining to Israel."], "issue": ["ISSUE, n. ish'u.", "1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out of any inclosed place; egress; applied to water or other fluid, to smoke, to a body of men, &c. We say, an issue of water from a pipe, from a spring, or from a river; an issue of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows; an issue of people from a door or house.", "2. A sending out; as the issue of an order from a commanding officer or from a court; the issue of money from a treasury.", "3. Event; consequence; end or ultimate result. Our present condition will be best for us in the issue.", "4. Passage out; outlet.", "To God the Lord belong the issues from death. Ps.68.", "5. Progeny; a child or children; offspring; as, he had issue,a son; and we speak of issue of the whole blood or half blood. A man dies without issue.", "6. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements or other property. A conveyed to B all his right to a term for years, with all the issues, rents and profits.", "7. In surgery, a fontanel; a little ulcer made in some part of an animal body, to promote discharges.", "8. Evacuation; discharge; a flux or running. Lev.12. Matt.9.", "9. In law, the close or result of pleadings; the point of matter depending in suit, on which the parties join, and put the case to trial by a jury.", "10. A giving out from a repository; delivery; as an issue of rations or provisions from a store, or of powder from a magazine."], "issued": ["IS'SUED, pp. Descended; sent out."], "issuing": ["IS'SUING, ppr. Flowing or passing out; proceeding from, sending out.", "IS'SUING, n. A flowing or passing out.", "1. Emission; a sending out, as of bills or notes."], "it": ["IT, pron. L. id.", "1. A substitute or pronoun of the neuter gender, sometimes called demonstrative, and standing for any thing except males and females, \"Keep thy heart with all diligence,for out of it are the issues of life.\" Prov. 9. Here it is the substitute for heart.", "2. It is much used as the nominative case or word to verbs called impersonal; as it rains; it snows. In this case,there is no determinate thing to which it can be referred.", "In other cases, it may be referred to matter, affair, or some other word. Is it come to this?", "3. Very often, it is used to introduce a sentence, preceding a verb as a nominative, but referring to a clause or distinct member of the sentence. \"It is well ascertained, that the figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid.\" What is well ascertained?", "The answer will show: the figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid; it that is well ascertained. Here it represents the clause of the sentence,\"the figure of the earth,\" &c. If the order of the sentence is inverted, the use of it is superseded. The figure of the earth is an oblate spheroid; that is well ascertained.", "It, like that, is often a substitute for a sentence or clause of a sentence.", "4. It often begins a sentence, when a personal pronoun, or the name of a person, or a masculine noun follows. It is I: be not afraid. It was Judas who betrayed Christ. When a question is asked, it follows the verb; as, who was it that betrayed Christ?", "5. It is used also for the state of a person or affair.", "How is it with our general?", "6. It is used after intransitive verbs very indefinitely and sometimes ludicrously, but rarely in an elevated style.", "If Abraham brought all with him, it is not probable he meant to walk it back for his pleasure.", "The Lacedemonians, at the straits of Thermopylae, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth.", "Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it."], "italian": ["ITAL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Italy.", "ITAL'IAN, n. A native of Italy.", "1. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians."], "italianate": ["ITAL'IANATE, v.t. To render Italian,or conformable to Italian customs."], "italianize": ["ITAL'IANIZE, v.i. To play the Italian; to speak Italian."], "itch": ["ITCH, n.", "1. A cutaneous disease of the human race, appearing in small watery pustules on the skin, accompanied with an uneasiness or irritation that inclines the patient to use friction. This disease is supposed by some authors to be occasioned by a small insect, a species of Acarus, as the microscope detects these insects in the vesicles. Others suppose the pustules only form a nidus for the insects. This disease is taken only by contact or contagion.", "2. The sensation in the skin occasioned by the disease.", "3. A constant teasing desire; as an itch for praise; an itch for scribbling.", "ITCH, v.i.", "1. To feel a particular uneasiness in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part.", "2. To have a constant desire or teasing inclination; as itching ears. 2 Tim.4."], "itching": ["ITCH'ING, ppr. Having a sensation that calls for scratching.", "1. Having a constant desire."], "itself": ["ITSELF', pron. it and self. The neutral reciprocal pronoun, or substitute applied to things. The thing is good in itself; it stands by itself.", "Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor."], "ivory": ["I'VORY, n. L. ebur. The tusk of an elephant, a hard, solid substance, of a fine white color. This tooth is sometimes six or seven feet in length, hollow from the base to a certain highth, and filled with a compact medullary substance, seeming to contain a great number of glands. The ivory of Ceylon and Achem does not become yellow in wearing, and hence is preferred to that of Guinea.", "I'VORY, a. Consisting of ivory; as an ivory comb."], "jacinth": ["JA'CINTH, n. a different orthography of Hyacinth.", "1. A genus of plants. See Hyacinth.", "2. A species of pellucid gems. See Hyacinth. Rev.21."], "jah": ["JAH, n. Jehovah."], "jangle": ["JAN'GLE, v.i. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to bicker; to wrangle.", "JAN'GLE, v.t. To cause to sound untunably or discordantly.", "--E'er monkish rhymes", "Had jangl'd their fantastic chimes."], "jangling": ["JAN'GLING, ppr. Wrangling; quarreling; sounding discordantly.", "JAN'GLING, n. A noisy dispute; a wrangling."], "jasper": ["J`ASPER, n. L. iaspis. A mineral of the siliceous kind, and of several varieties. It is less hard than flint or even than common quartz, but gives fire with steel. It is entirely opake, or sometimes feebly translucent at the edges, and it presents almost every variety of color. Its varieties are common jasper, striped jasper, Egyptian jasper, &c. It admits of an elegant polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff-boxes, &c.", "Jasper is a subspecies of rhomboidal quartz, of five kinds, Egyptian, striped, porcelain, common, and agate jasper."], "jasperated": ["J`ASPERATED, a. Mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as a jasperated agate."], "javelin": ["JAV'ELIN, , n. A sort of spear about five feet and a half long, the shaft of which was of wood, but pointed with steel; used by horse or foot. Every Roman soldier carried seven javelins."], "jaw": ["JAW, n.", "1. The bones of the mouth in which the teeth are fixed. They resemble a horse shoe. In most animals, the under jaw only is movable.", "2. The mouth.", "3. In vulgar language, scolding, wrangling, abusive clamor.", "JAW, v.i. To scold; to clamor. Vulgar.", "JAW, v.t. To abuse by scolding. Vulgar."], "jawed": ["JAW'ED, a. Denoting the appearance of the jaws."], "jealous": ["JEALOUS, a. jel'us.", "1. Suspicious; apprehensive of rivalship; uneasy through fear that another has withdrawn or may withdraw from one the affections of a person he loves, or enjoy some good which he desires to obtain; followed by of, and applied both to the object of love and to the rival. We say, a young man is jealous of the woman he loves, or jealous of his rival. A man is jealous of his wife,and the wife of her husband.", "2. Suspicious that we do not enjoy the affection or respect of others, or that another is more loved and respected than ourselves.", "3. Emulous; full of competition.", "4. Solicitous to defend the honor of; concerned for the character of.", "I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts.", "1 Kings 19.", "5. Suspiciously vigilant; anxiously careful and concerned for.", "I am jealous over you with a godly jealousy. 2 Cor.11.", "6. Suspiciously fearful.", "'Tis doing wrong creates such doubts as these,", "Renders us jealous and destroys our peace."], "jealously": ["JEALOUSLY, adv. jel'usly. With jealousy or suspicion; emulously; with suspicious fear, vigilance or caution."], "jealousness": ["JEALOUSNESS, n. jel'usness. The state of being jealous; suspicion; suspicious vigilance."], "jealousy": ["JEALOUSY, n. jel'usy.", "1. That passion of peculiar uneasiness which arises from the fear that a rival may rob us of the affection of one whom we love, or the suspicion that he has already done it; or it is the uneasiness which arises from the fear that another does or will enjoy some advantage which we desire for ourselves. A man's jealousy is excited by the attentions of a rival to his favorite lady. A woman's jealousy is roused by her husband's attentions to another woman. The candidate for office manifests a jealousy of others who seek the same office. The jealousy of a student is awakened by the apprehension that his fellow will bear away the palm of praise. In short,jealousy is awakened by whatever may exalt others, or give them pleasures and advantages which we desire for ourselves. Jealousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, before a good is lost by ourselves, is converted into envy, after it is obtained by others.", "Jealousy is the apprehension of superiority.", "Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness.", "2. Suspicious fear or apprehension.", "3. Suspicious caution or vigilance, an earnest concern or solicitude for the welfare or honor of others. Such was Paul's godly jealousy for the Corinthians.", "4. Indignation. God's jealousy signifies his concern for his own character and government, with a holy indignation against those who violate his laws, and offend against his majesty. Ps.79."], "jehovah": ["JEHO'VAH, n. The Scripture name of the Supreme Being. If, as is supposed, this name is from the Hebrew substantive verb, the word denotes the Permanent Being, as the primary sense of the substantive verb in all languages, is to be fixed, to stand, to remain or abide. This is a name peculiarly appropriate to the eternal Spirit, the unchangeable God, who describes himself thus, I am that I am. Ex.3."], "jeopard": ["JEOPARD, v.t. jep'ard. See Jeopardy. To hazard; to put in danger; to expose to loss or injury.", "Zebulon and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives to the death in the high places of the field. Judges.5."], "jeoparder": ["JEOPARDER, n. jep'arder. One who puts to hazard."], "jeopardize": ["JEOPARDIZE, v.t. jep'ardize. To expose to loss or injury; to jeopard. This is a modern word, used by respectable writers in America, but synonymous with jeopard and therefore useless."], "jeopardous": ["JEOPARDOUS, a jep'ardous. Exposed to danger; perilous; hazardous."], "jeopardously": ["JEOPARDOUSLY, adv. jep'ardously. With risk or danger."], "jeopardy": ["JEOPARDY, n. jep'ardy. Exposure to death, loss or injury; hazard; danger; peril.", "They were filled with water and were in jeopardy.", "Luke 8."], "jess": ["JESS, n. Short straps of leather tied round the legs of a hawk, by which she is held on the fist.", "1. A ribbon that hangs down from a garland or crown in falconry."], "jesse": ["JES'SE, n. A large brass candlestick branched into many sconces, hanging down in the middle of a church or choir."], "jessed": ["JESS'ED, a. Having jesses on; a term in heraldry."], "jest": ["JEST, n. L. gestio.", "1. A joke; something ludicrous uttered and meant only to excite laughter. Religion should never be the subject of jest.", "2. The object of laughter or sport; a laughing stock.", "Then let me be your jest, I deserve it.", "In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest.", "--And given in earnest what I begged in jest.", "3. A mask.", "4. A deed; an action."], "jesting": ["JEST'ING, ppr. Joking; talking for diversion or merriment.", "JEST'ING, n. A joking; concise wit; wit that consists in a trope or verbal figure, in a metaphorical sense of words, or in a double sense of the same word, or in similitude of sound in different words."], "jestingly": ["JEST'INGLY, adv. In a jocose manner; not in earnest."], "jesuit": ["JES'UIT, n. s as z. One of the society of Jesus, so called, founded by Ignatius Loyola; a society remarkable for their cunning in propagating their principles."], "jesuited": ["JES'UITED, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits."], "jesuitical": ["JESUIT'ICAL, a. Pertaining to the Jesuits or their principles and arts.", "1. Designing; cunning; deceitful; prevaricating."], "jesuitically": ["JESUIT'ICALLY, adv. Craftily."], "jesuitism": ["JES'UITISM, n. The arts, principles and practices of the Jesuits.", "1. Cunning, deceit; hypocrisy; prevarication; deceptive practices to effect a purpose."], "jew": ["JEW, n. a contraction of Judas of Judah. A Hebrew or Israelite."], "jewel": ["JEW'EL, n. Low L. jocale.", "1. An ornament worn by ladies,usually consisting of a precious stone, or set with one or more; a pendant worn in the ear.", "2. A precious stone.", "3. A name expressive of fondness. A mother calls her child, her jewel.", "JEW'EL, v.t. To dress or adorn with jewels."], "jeweled": ["JEW'ELED, pp. Adorned with jewels."], "jeweler": ["JEW'ELER, n. One who makes or deals in jewels and other ornaments."], "jeweling": ["JEW'ELING, ppr. Adorning with jewels."], "jewess": ["JEW'ESS, n. A Hebrew woman. Acts.24."], "jewish": ["JEW'ISH, a. Pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews. Tit.1."], "jewishness": ["JEW'ISHNESS, n. The rites of the Jews."], "jewry": ["JEW'RY, n. Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews, whence the name of a street in London."], "jezebel": ["JEZ'EBEL, n. An impudent, daring, vitious woman."], "job": ["JOB, n. of unknown origin, but perhaps allied to chop, primarily to strike or drive.", "1. A piece of work; any thing to be done, whether of more or less importance. The carpenter or mason undertakes to build a house by the job. The erection of Westminster bridge was a heavy job; and it was a great job to erect Central wharf, in Boston. The mechanic has many small jobs on hand.", "2. A lucrative business; an undertaking with a view to profit.", "No cheek is known to blush nor heart to throb,", "Save when they lose a question or a job.", "3. A sudden stab with a pointed instrument. This seems to be nearly the original sense.", "To do the job for one, to kill him.", "JOB, v.t. To strike or stab with a sharp instrument.", "1. To drive in a sharp pointed instrument.", "JOB, v.i. To deal in the public stocks; to buy and sell as a broker.", "The judge shall job, the bishop bite the town,", "and mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown."], "join": ["JOIN, v.t. L. jungo, jungere; jungo for jugo, jugum; Eng. yoke;", "Gr. a yoke, and a pair, to join.", "1. To set or bring one thing in contiguity with another.", "Woe to them that join house to house, that lay field to field. Is.5.", "2. To couple; to connect; to combine; as, to join ideas.", "3. To unite in league or marriage.", "Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in abundance, and joined affinity with Ahab. 2 Ch.18.", "What God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. Matt.19.", "4. To associate.", "Go near and join thyself to this chariot. Acts.8.", "5. To unite in any act.", "Thy tuneful voice with numbers join.", "6. To unite in concord.", "But that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind, and in the same judgment. 1 Cor.1.", "The phrase, to join battle, is probably elliptical, for join in battle; or it is borrowed from the Latin, committere proelium, to send together the battle.", "In general, join signifies to unite two entire things without breach or intermixture, by contact or contiguity, either temporary or permanent. It differs from connect, which signifies properly, to unite by an intermediate substance. But join, unite, and connect are often used synonymously.", "JOIN, v.i. To grow to; to adhere. The place where two bones of the body join, is called a joint or articulation.", "1. To be contiguous, close or in contact; as when two houses join.", "2. To unite with in marriage, league, confederacy, partnership or society. Russia and Austria joined in opposition to Buonaparte's ambitious views. Men join in great undertakings, and in companies for trade or manufacture. They join in entertainments and amusements. They join in benevolent associations. It is often followed by with.", "Any other may join with him that is injured, and assist him in recovering satisfaction.", "Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations? Ezra 9."], "joined": ["JOIN'ED, pp. Added; united; set or fastened together; associated; confederated."], "joining": ["JOIN'ING, ppr. Adding; making contiguous; uniting; confederating."], "joint": ["JOINT, n. L. junctura. See Join.", "1. The joining of two or more things.", "2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more bones; an articulation; as the elbow, the knee, or the knuckle.", "3. A knot; the union of two parts of a plant; or the space between two joints; an internode; as the joint of a cane, or of a stalk of maiz.", "4. A hinge; a juncture of parts which admits of motion.", "5. The place where two pieces of timber are united.", "6. In joinery, straight lines are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are planed.", "7. One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the butcher.", "Out of joint, luxated; dislocated; as when the head of a bone is displaced from its socket. Hence figuratively, confused; disordered; misplaced.", "JOINT, a. Shared by two or more; as joint property.", "1. United in the same profession; having an interest in the same thing; as a joint-heir or heiress.", "2. United; combined; acting in concert; as a joint force; joint efforts; joint vigor.", "Joint stock, the capital or fund of a company or partnership in business.", "JOINT, v.t. To form with joints or articulations; used mostly in the participle; as the fingers are jointed; a cane has a jointed stalk.", "1. To form many parts into one; as jointed wood.", "2. To cut or divide into joints or quarters."], "jointed": ["JOINT'ED, pp. Formed with articulations, as the stem of a plant.", "1. Separated into joints or quarters."], "joint-heir": ["JOINT'-HEIR, n. joint and heir. A heir having a joint interest with another. Rom.8."], "jot": ["JOT, n. Heb. yod. An iota; a point; a tittle; the least quantity assignable.", "Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one title shall in no wise pass from the law till all shall be fulfilled. Matt.5.", "A man may read much, and acquire not a jot of knowledge, or be a jot the wiser.", "JOT, v.t. To set down; to make a memorandum of."], "jotting": ["JOT'TING, n. A memorandum."], "journey": ["JOURNEY, n. jur'ny. L. diurnus, dies.", "1. The travel of a day.", "2. Travel by land to any distance and for any time, indefinitely; as a journey from London to Paris, or to Rome; a journey to visit a brother; a week's journey; we made two journeys to Philadelphia.", "3. Passage form one place to another; as a long journey from the upper regions.", "4. It may sometimes include a passing by water.", "JOURNEY, v.i. jur'ny. To travel form place to place; to pass from home to a distance.", "Abram journeyed, going on still towards the south. Gen.12."], "journeying": ["JOUR'NEYING, ppr. Traveling; passing from place to place.", "JOUR'NEYING, n. A traveling or passing from one place to another; as the journeyings of the children of Israel."], "joy": ["JOY, n.", "1. The passion or emotion excited by the acquisition or expectation of good; that excitement of pleasurable feelings which is caused by success, good fortune,the gratification of desire or some good possessed, or by a rational prospect of possessing what we love or desire; gladness; exultation; exhilaration of spirits.", "Joy is a delight of the mind, from the consideration of the present or assured approaching possession of a good.", "Bring heavenly balm to heal my country's wounds,", "Joy to my soul and transport to my lay.", "2. Gayety; mirth; festivity.", "The roofs with joy resound.", "3. Happiness; felicity.", "Her heavenly form beheld, all wished her joy.", "4. A glorious and triumphant state.", "--Who for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross. Heb.12.", "5. The cause of joy or happiness.", "For ye are our glory and joy. 1 Thess 2.", "6. A term of fondness; the cause of you.", "JOY, v.i. To rejoice; to be glad; to exult.", "I will joy in the God of my salvation. Hab.3.", "JOY, v.t. To give joy to; to congratulate; to entertain kindly.", "1. To gladden; to exhilarate.", "My soul was joyed in vain.", "2. To enjoy; to have or possess with pleasure, or to have pleasure in the possession of. Little used. See Enjoy."], "joyed": ["JOY'ED, pp. Gladdened; enjoyed."], "joyful": ["JOY'FUL, a. Full of joy; very glad; exulting.", "My soul shall be joyful in my God. Is.61.", "Rarely, it has of before the cause of joy.", "Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life."], "joyfulness": ["JOY'FULNESS, n. Great gladness; joy. Deut.28."], "joyfully": ["JOY'FULLY, adv. With joy; gladly.", "Never did men more joyfully obey."], "joyous": ["JOY'OUS, a. Glad; gay; merry; joyful.", "Joyous the birds; fresh gales and gentle airs", "Whispered it.", "1. Giving joy.", "They, all as glad as birds of joyous prime--", "It has of, before the cause of joy.", "And joyous of our conquest early won."], "joyously": ["JOY'OUSLY, adv. With joy or gladness."], "joyousness": ["JOY'OUSNESS, n. The state of being joyous."], "jubilant": ["JU'BILANT, a. L. jubilans. See Jubilee. Uttering songs of", "triumph; rejoicing; shouting with joy.", "While the bright pomp ascended jubilant."], "jubilation": ["JUBILA'TION, n. L. jubilatio. See Jubilee.", "The act of declaring triumph."], "judge": ["JUDGE, n. L. judex, supposed to be compounded of jus, law or right, and dico, to pronounce.", "1. A civil officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine causes, civil or criminal, between parties, according to his commission; as the judges of the king's bench, or of the common pleas; judges of the supreme court, of district courts, or of a county court. The judge of a court of equity is called a chancellor.", "2. The Supreme Being.", "Shall not the judge of all the earth do right? Gen.18.", "3. One who presides in a court of judicature.", "4. One who has skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the value of any thing; one who can discern truth and propriety.", "A man who is no judge of law, may be a good judge of poetry or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting.", "5. In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, with civil and military powers. The Israelites were governed by judges more than three hundred years, and the history of their transactions is called the book of Judges.", "6. A juryman or juror. In criminal suits, the jurors are judges of the law as well as of the fact.", "JUDGE, v.i. L. judico.", "1. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to distinguish truth from falsehood.", "Judge not according to the appearance John 7.", "2. To form an opinion; to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the mind.", "If I did not know the originals, I should not be able to judge, by the copies, which was Virgil and which Ovid.", "3. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to pass sentence. He was present on the bench, but could not judge in the case.", "The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen.16.", "4. To discern; to distinguish; to consider accurately for the purpose of forming an opinion or conclusion.", "Judge in yourselves; is it comely that a woman pray unto God uncovered? 1 Cor.11.", "JUDGE, v.t. To hear and determine a case; to examine and decide.", "Chaos shall judge the strife.", "1. To try; to examine and pass sentence on.", "Take ye him and judge him according to your law.", "John 18.", "God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccles.3.", "2. Rightly to understand and discern.", "He that is spiritual, judgeth all things. 1 Cor.2.", "3. To censure rashly; to pass severe sentence.", "Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt.7.", "4. To esteem; to think; to reckon.", "If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord--", "Acts.16.", "5. To rule or govern.", "The Lord shall judge his people. Heb.10.", "6. To doom to punishment; to punish.", "I will judge thee according to thy ways. Ezek. 7."], "judged": ["JUDG'ED, pp. Heard and determined; tried judicially; sentenced; censured; doomed."], "judging": ["JUDG'ING, ppr. Hearing and determining; forming an opinion; dooming."], "judgment": ["JUDG'MENT, n. The act of judging; the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to find their agreement or disagreement, and to ascertain truth; or the process of examining facts and arguments, to ascertain propriety and justice; or the process of examining the relations between one proposition and another.", "1. The faculty of the mind by which man is enabled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms and propositions; as a man of clear judgment or sound judgment. The judgment may be biased by prejudice. Judgment supplies the want of certain knowledge.", "2. The determination of the mind, formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or the comparison of facts and arguments. In the formation of our judgments, we should be careful to weigh and compare all the facts connected with the subject.", "3. In law, the sentence of doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by the judge or court by which it is tried. Judgment may be rendered on demurrer, on a verdict, on a confession or default, or on a non-suit. Judgment, though pronounced by the judge or court, is properly the determination or sentence of the law. A pardon may be pleaded in arrest of judgment.", "4. The right or power of passing sentence.", "5. Determination; decision.", "Let reason govern us in the formation of our judgment of things proposed to our inquiry.", "6. Opinion; notion.", "She, in my judgment, was as fair as you.", "7. In Scripture, the spirit of wisdom and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and wrong, good and evil.", "Give the king thy judgments, O God. Ps.72.", "8. A remarkable punishment; an extraordinary calamity inflicted by God on sinners.", "Judgments are prepared for scorners. Prov.19. Is.26.", "9. The spiritual government of the world.", "The Father hath committed all judgment to the Son.", "John 5.", "10. The righteous statutes and commandments of God are called his judgments. Ps.119.", "11. The doctrines of the gospel, or God's word. Matt.12.", "12. Justice and equity. Luke 11. Is.1.", "13. The decrees and purposes of God concerning nations. Rom.11.", "14. A court or tribunal. Matt.5.", "15. Controversies, or decisions of controversies. 1 Cor.6.", "16. The gospel, or kingdom of grace. Matt.12.", "17. The final trial of the human race,when God will decide the fate of every individual, and award sentence according to justice.", "For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. Eccles.12.", "Judgment of God. Formerly this term was applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, or hot plowshares, &c.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence."], "jump": ["JUMP, v.i.", "1. To leap; to skip; to spring. Applied to men, it signifies to spring upwards or forwards with both feet, in distinction from hop, which signifies to spring with one foot. A man jumps over a ditch; a beast jumps over a fence. A man jumps upon a horse; a goat jumps from rock to rock.", "2. To spring over any thing; to pass to at a leap.", "Here, upon this bank and shelve of time,", "We'd jump the life to come.", "We see a little, presume a great deal, and so jump to the conclusion.", "3. To bound; to pass from object to object; to jolt.", "The noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the prancing horses, and of the jumping chariots. Nahum 3.", "4. To agree; to tally; to coincide.", "In some sort it jumps with my humor.", "This use of the word is now vulgar, and in America, I think, is confined to the single phrase, to jump in judgment.", "JUMP, v.t. To pass by a leap; to pass over eagerly or hastily; as, to jump a stream. But over is understood.", "JUMP, n. The act of jumping; a leap; a spring; a bound.", "1. A lucky chance.", "JUMP, n. A kind of loose or limber stays or waistcoat, worn by females.", "JUMP, adv. Exactly; nicely."], "jumping": ["JUMP'ING, ppr. Leaping; springing; bounding."], "juniper": ["JU'NIPER, n. L. juniperus. A tree or shrub bearing berries of a bluish color, of a warm, pungent, sweet taste, yielding when fresh, by expression, a rich, sweet, aromatic juice. They are useful carminatives and stomachics. The wood of the tree is of a reddish color, hard and durable, and is used in cabinet work and veneering. The oil of juniper mixed with that of nuts makes an excellent varnish; and the resin powdered is used under the name of pounce."], "jupiter": ["JU'PITER, n. L. the air or heavens; Jovis pater.", "1. The supreme deity among the Greeks and Romans.", "2. One of the superior planets, remarkable for its brightness. Its diameter is about eighty-nine thousand miles; its distance from the sun, four hundred and ninety millions of miles, and its revolution round the sun a little less than twelve years."], "jurisdiction": ["JURISDIC'TION, n. L. jurisdictio; jus, juris, law, and dictio, from dico, to pronounce.", "1. The legal power of authority of doing justice in cases of complaint; the power of executing the laws and distributing justice. Thus we speak of certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes being within the jurisdiction of a court, that is, within the limits of their authority or commission. Inferior courts have jurisdiction of debt and trespass, or of smaller offenses; the supreme courts have jurisdiction of treason, murder, and other high crimes. Jurisdiction is secular or ecclesiastical.", "2. Power of governing or legislating. The legislature of one state can exercise no jurisdiction in another.", "3. The power or right of exercising authority. Nations claim exclusive jurisdiction on the sea, to the extent of a marine league from the main land or shore.", "4. The limit within which power may be exercised.", "Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare or apply the law; when confined to the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the judicial power,the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction, is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects."], "jurisdictional": ["JURISDIC'TIONAL, a. Pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional rights."], "jurisdictive": ["JURISDIC'TIVE, a. Having jurisdiction."], "just": ["JUST, a. L. justus. The primary sense is probably straight or close, from the sense of setting, erecting, or extending.", "1. Regular; orderly; due; suitable.", "When all", "The war shall stand ranged in its just array.", "2. Exactly proportioned; proper.", "Pleaseth your lordship", "To meet his grace,just distance 'tween our armies?", "3. Full; complete to the common standard.", "He was a comely personage, a little above just stature.", "4. Full; true; a sense allied to the preceding, or the same.", "--So that once the skirmish was like to have come to a just battle.", "5. In a moral sense, upright; honest; having principles of rectitude; or conforming exactly to the laws, and to principles of rectitude in social conduct; equitable in the distribution of justice; as a just judge.", "6. In an evangelical sense, righteous; religious; influenced by a regard to the laws of God; or living in exact conformity to the divine will.", "There is not a just man on earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Eccles.7.", "7. Conformed to rules of justice; doing equal justice.", "Just balances, just weights, a just ephah and a just him shall ye have. Lev.19.", "8. Conformed to truth; exact; proper; accurate; as just thoughts; just expressions; just images or representations; a just description; a just inference.", "9. True; founded in truth and fact; as a just charge or accusation.", "10. Innocent; blameless; without guilt.", "How should man be just with God? Job.9.", "11. Equitable; due; merited; as a just recompense or reward.", "--Whose damnation is just. Rom.3.", "12. True to promises; faithful; as just to one's word or engagements.", "13. Impartial; allowing what is due; giving fair representation of character, merit or demerit."], "justness": ["JUST'NESS, n. Accuracy; exactness; as the justness of proportions.", "1. Conformity to truth; as the justness of a description or representation.", "2. Justice; reasonableness; equity; as the justness of a cause or of a demand. Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to persons; but the distinction is not always observed."], "justice": ["JUST'ICE, n. L. justitia, from justus, just.", "1. The virtue which consists in giving to every one what is his due; practical conformity to the laws and to principles of rectitude in the dealings of men with each other; honesty; integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. Justice is distributive or commutative. Distributive justice belongs to magistrates or rulers, and consists in distributing to every man that right or equity which the laws and the principles of equity require; or in deciding controversies according to the laws and to principles of equity. Commutative justice consists in fair dealing in trade and mutual intercourse between man and man.", "2. Impartiality; equal distribution of right in expressing opinions; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit. In criticisms, narrations, history or discourse, it is a duty to do justice to every man, whether friend or foe.", "3. Equity; agreeableness to right; as, he proved the justice of his claim. This should, in strictness, be justness.", "4. Vindictive retribution; merited punishment. Sooner or later, justice overtakes the criminal.", "5. Right; application of equity. His arm will do him justice.", "6. Low L. justiciarius. A person commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice to individuals; as the Chief Justice of the king's bench, or of the common pleas, in England; the Chief Justice of the supreme court in the United States, &c. and justices of the peace.", "JUST'ICE, v.t. To administer justice. Little used."], "justiceable": ["JUST'ICEABLE, a. Liable to account in a court of justice. Little used."], "justicer": ["JUST'ICER, n. An administrator of justice. Little used."], "justifiable": ["JUST'IFIABLE, a. from justify. That may be proved to be just; that may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude or propriety; defensible; vindicable. No breach of law or moral obligation is justifiable. The execution of a malefactor in pursuance of a sentence of court, is justifiable homicide."], "justifiableness": ["JUST'IFIABLENESS, n. The quality of being justifiable; rectitude; possibility of being defended or vindicated."], "justifiably": ["JUST'IFIABLY, adv. In a manner that admits of vindication or justification; rightly."], "justifier": ["JUST'IFIER, n. One who justifies; one who vindicates,supports or defends.", "1. He who pardons and absolves from guilt and punishment.", "That he might be just, and the justifier of him who believeth in Jesus. Rom.3."], "justify": ["JUST'IFY, v.t. L. justus, just,and facio, to make.", "1. To prove or show to be just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety or duty; to defend or maintain; to vindicate as right. We cannot justify disobedience or ingratitude to our Maker. We cannot justify insult or incivility to our fellow men. Intemperance, lewdness, profaneness and dueling are in no case to be justified.", "2. In theology, to pardon and clear form guilt; to absolve or acquit from guilt and merited punishment, and to accept as righteous on account of the merits of the Savior, or by the application of Christ's atonement to the offender.", "3. To cause another to appear comparatively righteous, or less guilty than one's self. Ezek. 16.", "4. To judge rightly of.", "Wisdom is justified by her children. Matt.11.", "5. To accept as just and treat with favor. James 2.", "JUST'IFY, v.i. In printing, to agree; to suit; to conform exactly; to form an even surface or true line with something else. Types of different sizes will not justify with each other."], "justification": ["JUSTIFICA'TION, n.", "1. The act of justifying; a showing to be just or conformable to law, rectitude or propriety; vindication; defense. The court listened to the evidence and arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct. Our disobedience to God's commands admits no justification.", "2. Absolution.", "I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay of my virtue.", "3. In law, the showing of a sufficient reason in court why a defendant did what he is called to answer. Pleas in justification must set forth some special matter.", "4. In theology, remission of sin and absolution from guilt and punishment; or an act of free grace by which God pardons the sinner and accepts him as righteous, on account of the atonement of Christ."], "justificative": ["JUSTIF'ICATIVE, a. Justifying; that has power to justify."], "justificator": ["JUSTIFICA'TOR, n. One who justifies. Little used."], "justle": ["JUS'TLE, v.i. jus'l. See Jostle and Just. To run against; to encounter; to strike against; to clash.", "The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall justle one against another in the broad ways. Nah.2.", "JUS'TLE, v.t. jus'l. To push; to drive; to force by rushing against; commonly followed by off or out; as, to justle a thing off the table, or out of its place."], "justly": ["JUST'LY, adv. from just. In conformity to law, justice or propriety; by right. The offender is justly condemned. The hero is justly rewarded, applauded or honored.", "1. According to truth and facts. His character is justly described.", "2. Honestly; fairly; with integrity; as, to do justly. Mic.6.", "3. Properly; accurately; exactly.", "Their feet assist their hands, and justly beat the ground."], "k": ["K, the eleventh letter of the English Alphabet,is borrowed from the Greeks, being the same character as the Greek kappa, answering to the oriental kaph. It represents a close articulation, formed by pressing the root of the tongue against the upper part of the mouth, with a depression of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. It is usually denominated a guttural, but is more properly a palatal. Before all the vowels,it has one invariable sound, corresponding with that of c, before a, o, and u, as in keel,ken. In monosyllables, it is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking, for without it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s.", "Formerly, k was added to c, in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick, publick, republick. But in modern practice, k is very properly omitted, being entirely superfluous, and the more properly, as it is never written in the derivatives, musical, publication, republican. It is retained in traffick, as in monosyllables, on account of the pronunciation of the derivatives, trafficked, trafficking.", "K is silent before n, as in know, knife, knee. As a numeral, K stands for 250; and with a stroke over it, for 250,000. This character was not used by the ancient Romans, and rarely in the later ages of their empire. In the place of k, they used c, as in clino, for Greek. In the Teutonic dialects, this Greek letter is sometimes represented by h. See H."], "kingly": ["KING'LY, a. Belonging to a king; suitable to a king; as a kingly couch.", "1. Royal; sovereign; monarchical; as a kingly government.", "2. Noble; august; splendid; becoming a king; as kingly magnificence.", "KING'LY, adv. With an air of royalty; with a superior dignity.", "Low bow'd the rest; he, kingly, did but nod."], "keep": ["KEEP, v.t. pret. and pp. kept. L. habeo, and capio.", "1. To hold; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose or part with; as, to keep a house or a farm; to keep any thing in the memory, mind or heart.", "2. To have in custody for security or preservation.", "The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary,was always kept in the castle of Vicegrade.", "3. To preserve; to retain.", "The Lord God, merciful and gracious, keeping mercy for thousands--Ex.34.", "4. To preserve from falling or from danger; to protect; to guard or sustain.", "And behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen.28. Luke 4.", "5. To hold or restrain from departure; to detain.", "--That I may know what keeps me here with you.", "6. To tend; to have the care of.", "And the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. Gen.2.", "7. To tend; to feed; to pasture; as, to keep a flock of sheep or a herd of cattle in a yard or in a field. He keeps his horses on oats or on hay.", "8. To preserve in any tenor or state. Keep a stiff rein.", "Keep the constitution sound.", "9. To regard; to attend to.", "While the stars and course of heaven I keep--", "10. To hold in any state; as, to keep in order.", "11. To continue any state, course or action; as, to keep silence; to keep the same road or the same pace; to keep reading or talking; to keep a given distance.", "12. To practice; to do or perform; to obey; to observe in practice; not to neglect or violate; as, to keep the laws, statutes or commandments of God.", "13. To fulfill; to perform; as, to keep one's word,promise or covenant.", "14. To practice; to use habitually; as, to keep bad hours.", "15. To copy carefully.", "Her servant's eyes were fix'd upon her face,", "And as she moved or turned,her motions viewed,", "Her measures kept, and step by step pursued.", "16. To observe or solemnize.", "17. To board; to maintain; to supply with necessaries of life. The men are kept at a moderate price per week.", "18. To have in the house; to entertain; as, to keep lodgers.", "19. To maintain; not to intermit; as, to keep watch or guard.", "20. To hold in one's own bosom; to confine to one's own knowledge; not to disclose or communicate to others; not to betray; as, to keep a secret; to keep one's own counsel.", "21. To have in pay; as, to keep a servant.", "To keep back, to reserve; to withhold; not to disclose or communicate.", "I will keep nothing back from you. Jer.42.", "1. To restrain;; to prevent from advancing.", "Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins. Ps.19.", "2. To reserve; to withhold; not to deliver. Acts.5.", "To keep company with, to frequent the society of; to associate with. Let youth keep company with the wise and good.", "To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with one on a journey or voyage.", "To keep down, to prevent from rising; not to lift or suffer to be raised.", "To keep in, to prevent from escape; to hold in confinement.", "1. To conceal; not to tell or disclose.", "2. To restrain; to curb.", "To keep off, to hinder from approach or attack; as, to keep off an enemy or an evil.", "To keep under, to restrain; to hold in subjection; as, to keep under an antagonist or a conquered country; to keep under the appetites and passions.", "To keep up, to maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution; as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's credit.", "1. To maintain; to continue; to hinder from ceasing.", "In joy, that which keeps up the action is the desire to continue it.keep out, to hinder from entering or taking possession.", "To keep bed, to remain in bed without rising; to be confined to one's bed.", "To keep house, to maintain a family state.", "His income enables him to keep house.", "1. To remain in the house; to be confined.", "His feeble health obliges him to keep house.", "To keep from, to restrain; to prevent approach.", "To keep a school, to maintain or support it; as, the town or its inhabitants keep ten schools; more properly, to govern and instruct or teach a school, as a preceptor.", "KEEP, v.i. To remain in any state; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out of reach.", "1. To last; to endure; not to perish or be impaired. Seek for winter's use apples that will keep.", "If the malt is not thoroughly dried,the ale it makes will not keep.", "2. To lodge; to dwell; to reside for a time.", "Knock at the study, where, they say, he keeps.", "To keep to, to adhere strictly; not to neglect or deviate from; as, to keep to old customs; to keep to a rule; to keep to one's word or promise.", "To keep on, to go forward; to proceed; to continue to advance.", "To keep up, to remain unsubdued; or not to be confined to one's bed.", "In popular language, this word signifies to continue; to repeat continually; not to cease.", "KEEP, n. Custody; guard. Little used.", "1. Colloquially, case; condition; as in good keep.", "2. Guardianship; restraint. Little used.", "3. A place of confinement; in old castles,the dungeon."], "keeping": ["KEE'PING, ppr. Holding; restraining; preserving; guarding; protecting; performing.", "KEE'PING, n. A holding; restraint; custody; guard; preservation.", "1. Feed; fodder. The cattle have good keeping.", "2. In painting, a representation of objects in the manner they appear to the eye at different distance from it."], "keeper": ["KEE'PER, n. One who keeps; one that holds or has possession of any thing.", "1. One who retains in custody; one who has the care of a prison and the custody of prisoners.", "2. One who has the care of a park or other inclosure,or the custody of beasts; as the keeper of a park, a pound, or of sheep.", "3. One who has the care, custody or superintendence of any thing.", "In Great Britain, the keeper of the great seal, is a lord by his office,and one of the privy council. All royal grants, commissions and charters pass through his hands. He is constituted lord-keeper by the delivery of the great seal. The keeper of the privy seal is also a lord by his office,and a member of the privy council."], "kept": ["KEPT, pret. and pp. of keep."], "kerchief": ["KER'CHIEF, n. contracted from coverchief.", "1. A head dress; a cloth to cover the head.", "2. A cloth used in dress.", "The word is now seldom used, except in its compound, handkerchief, and sometimes neckerchief."], "kernel": ["KERN'EL, n.", "1. The edible substance contained in the shell of a nut.", "2. Any thing included in a shell, husk or integument; a grain or corn; as a kernel of wheat or oats.", "3. The seed of pulpy fruit; as the kernel of an apple.", "4. The central part of any thing; a small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus.", "5. A hard concretion in the flesh.", "KERN'EL, v.i. To harden or ripen into kernels; as the seeds of plants."], "kettle": ["KET'TLE, n. A vessel of iron or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually without a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other liquor.", "Among the Tartars, a kettle represents a family, or as many as feed from one kettle.", "Among the Dutch, a battery of mortars sunk in the earth, is called a kettle."], "key": ["KEY, n. ke. In a general sense, a fastener; that which fastens; as a piece of wood in the frame of a building, or in a chain, &c.", "1. An instrument for shutting or opening a lock, by pushing the bolt one way or the other. Keys are of various forms, and fitted to the wards of the locks to which they belong.", "2. An instrument by which something is screwed or turned; as the key of a watch or other chronometer.", "3. The stone which binds an arch. See Key-stone.", "4. In an organ or harpsichord, the key, or finger key is a little lever or piece in the fore part by which the instrument is played on by the fingers.", "5. In music, the key, or key note, is the fundamental note or tone, to which the whole piece is accommodated, and with which it usually begins and always ends. There are two keys, one of the major, and one of the minor mode. Key sometimes signifies a scale or system of intervals.", "6. An index, or that which serves to explain a cypher. Hence,", "7. That which serves to explain any thing difficult to be understood.", "8. In the Romish church, ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or the power of the pope, or the power of excommunicating or absolving.", "9. A ledge or lay of ricks near the surface of the water.", "10. The husk containing the seed of an ash.", "KEY, n. A bank or wharf built on the side of a river or harbor, for the convenience of loading and unloading ships, and securing them in their stations. Hence keys are furnished with posts, rings, cranes, capstans, &c. It is sometimes written quay."], "keyed": ["KE'YED, a. Furnished with keys; as a keyed instrument.", "1. Set to a key, as a tune."], "kick": ["KICK, v.t. To strike with the foot; as, a horse kicks a servant; a man kicks a dog.", "KICK, v.i. To practice striking with the foot or feet; as a horse accustomed to kick.", "1. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence, either in wantonness, resistance, anger or contempt; to manifest opposition.", "Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice? 1 Sam.2.", "Jeshurun waxed fat and kicked. Deut.32.", "It is hard for thee to kick against the goads. Acts.9.", "KICK, n. A blow with the foot or feet; a striking or thrust of the foot."], "kicked": ["KICK'ED, pp. Struck with the foot or feet."], "kicking": ["KICK'ING, ppr. Striking with the foot; thrusting out the foot with violence.", "KICK'ING, n. The act of striking with the foot, or of yerking the foot with violence. What cannot be effected by kicking, may sometimes be done by coaxing."], "kid": ["KID, n. L. hoedus; vulgar.", "1. A young goat.", "2. A faggot; a bundle of heath and furze.", "KID, v.t. or i. To bring forth a young goat.", "1. To make into a bundle, as faggots.", "KID, v.t. To show, discover or make known."], "kidney": ["KID'NEY, n. I have not found this word in any other language.", "1. The kidneys are two oblong flattened bodies, extending from the eleventh and twelfth ribs to the fourth lumbar vertebra, behind the intestines. Their use is to separate the urine from the blood.", "2. Sort; kind. A ludicrous use of the word.", "3. A cant term for a waiting servant."], "kill": ["KILL, v.t.", "1. To deprive of life, animal or vegetable, in any manner or by any means. To kill an animal or a plant, is to put an end to the vital functions, either by destroying or essentially injuring the organs necessary to life, or by causing them to cease from action. An animal may be killed by the sword or by poison, by disease or by suffocation. A strong solution of salt will kill plants.", "2. To butcher; to slaughter for food; as, to kill an ox.", "3. To quell; to appease; to calm; to still; as, in seamen's language, a shower of rain kills the wind."], "killed": ["KILL'ED, pp. Deprived of life; quelled; calmed."], "killing": ["KILL'ING, ppr. Depriving of life; quelling."], "kin": ["KIN, n. L. genus; Gr. connected with L. gigno, geno.", "1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or blood,but perhaps sometimes used for relation by affinity or marriage.", "This man is of kin to me.", "2. Relatives; kindred; persons of the same race.", "--The father, mother and the kin beside.", "3. A relation; a relative.", "4. The same generical class; a thing related.", "And the ear-deafening voice of th' oracle,", "Kin to Jove's thunder.", "5. As a termination, kin is used as a diminutive, denoting small, from the sense of child; as in manikin, a little man.", "KIN, a. Of the same nature; kindred; congenial."], "kind": ["KIND, n.", "1. Race; genus; generic class; as in mankind or humankind. In technical language, kind answers to genus.", "2. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus; as, there are several kinds of eloquence and of style, many kinds of music, many kinds of government, various kinds of architecture or of painting, various kinds of soil, &c.", "3. Particular nature; as laws most perfect in their kind.", "4. Natural state; produce or commodity, as distinguished from money; as taxes paid in kind.", "5. Nature; natural propensity or determination.", "Some of you, on pure instinct of nature,", "Are led by kind t' admire your fellow creature.", "6. Manner; way. Little used.", "7. Sort. He spoke with a kind of scorn or contempt.", "KIND, a.", "1. Disposed to do good to others, and to make them happy by granting their requests, supplying their wants or assisting them in distress; having tenderness or goodness of nature; benevolent; benignant.", "God is kind to the unthankful, and to the evil. Luke 6.", "Be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted. Eph.4.", "2. Proceeding from tenderness or goodness of heart; benevolent; as a kind act; a kind return of favors."], "kinded": ["KIND'ED, a. Begotten."], "kindness": ["KINDNESS, n. from kind, the adjective.", "1. Good will; benevolence; that temper or disposition which delights in contributing to the happiness of others, which is exercised cheerfully in gratifying their wishes, supplying their wants or alleviating their distresses; benignity of nature. Kindness ever accompanies love.", "There is no man whose kindness we may not sometime want, or by whose malice we may not sometime suffer.", "2. Act of good will; beneficence; any act of benevolence which promotes the happiness or welfare of others. Charity, hospitality, attentions to the wants of others, &c., are deemed acts of kindness, or kindnesses. Acts.28."], "kindle": ["KIN'DLE, v.t. L. accendo; from the root of candeo, caneo, to be light or white, to shine.", "1. To set on fire; to cause to burn with flame; to light; as, to kindle a fire.", "2. To inflame, as the passions; to exasperate; to rouse; to provoke; to excite to action; to heat; to fire; to animate; as, to kindle anger or wrath; to kindle resentment; to kindle the flame of love, or love into a flame.", "So is a contentious woman to kindle strife. Prov.26.", "3. To bring forth.", "KIN'DLE, v.i. To take fire; to begin to burn with flame. Fuel and fire well laid, will kindle without a bellows.", "1. To begin to rage, or be violently excited; to be roused or exasperated.", "It shall kindle in the thickets of the forest. Is.9."], "kindled": ["KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire; inflamed; excited into action."], "kindling": ["KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire; causing to burn with flame; exciting into action."], "kindliness": ["KINDLINESS, n. Affection; affectionate disposition; benignity.", "1. Natural disposition."], "kindly": ["KINDLY, a. See Kind, the noun. Homogeneal; congenial; kindred; of the same nature. This Johnson supposes to be the original sense; but it is also used as a derivative of the adjective, in the sense of", "1. Mild; bland; softening; as kindly showers.", "KINDLY, adv. With good will; with a disposition to make others happy or to oblige; benevolently; favorably. Let the poor be treated kindly.", "Be kindly affectioned one to another, with brotherly love--Rom.12.", "And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them.", "Gen.1."], "kindred": ["KIN'DRED, n. from kin, kind.", "1. Relation by birth; consanguinity.", "Like her, of equal kindred to the throne.", "2. Relation by marriage; affinity.", "3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the former.", "Thou shalt go unto my country and to my kindred. Gen.26.", "4. Relation; suit; connection in kind.", "KIN'DRED, a. Related; congenial; of the like nature or properties; as kindred souls; kindred skies."], "kine": ["KINE, plu. of cow. But cows, the regular plural, is now in general use."], "king": ["KING, n.", "1. The chief or sovereign of a nation; a man invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country; a monarch. Kings are absolute monarchs, when they possess the powers of government without control, or the entire sovereignty over a nation; they are limited monarchs, when their power is restrained by fixed laws; and they are absolute, when they possess the whole legislative, judicial, and executive power, or when the legislative or judicial powers, or both, are vested in other bodies of men. Kings are hereditary sovereigns, when they hold the powers of government by right of birth or inheritance, and elective, when raised to the throne by choice.", "Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle.", "2. A sovereign; a prince; a ruler. Christ is called the king of his church. Ps.2", "3. A card having the picture of a king; as the king of diamonds.", "4. The chief piece in the game of chess.", "King at arms, an officer in England of great antiquity, and formerly of great authority, whose business is to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the jurisdiction of armory. There are three kings at arms, vix.garter, clarencieux, and norroy. The latter northroy officiates north of the Trent.", "KING, v.t. In ludicrous language, to supply with a king, or to make royal; to raise to royalty."], "kingdom": ["KING'DOM, n. king and dom, jurisdiction.", "1. The territory or country subject to a king; an undivided territory under the dominion of a king or monarch. The foreign possessions of a king are not usually included in the term kingdom. Thus we speak of the kingdom of England, of France or of Spain, without including the East or West Indies.", "2. The inhabitants or population subject to a king. The whole kingdom was alarmed.", "3. In natural history, a division; as the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms.", "4. A region; a tract; the place where any thing prevails and holds sway; as the watery kingdom.", "5. In Scripture, the government or universal dominion of God. 1 Chron.29. Ps.145.", "6. The power of supreme administration. 1 Sam.18.", "7. A princely nation or state.", "Ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests. Ex.19.", "8. Heaven. Matt.26.", "9. State of glory in heaven. Matt.5.", "10. The reign of the Messiah. Matt.3.", "11. Government; rule; supreme administration."], "kingdomed": ["KING'DOMED, a. Proud of royalty."], "kinsfolk": ["KINS'FOLK, n. kin and folk. Relations; kindred; persons of the same family."], "kinsman": ["KINS'MAN, n. kin and man. A man of the same race or family; one related by blood."], "kinswoman": ["KINS'WOMAN, n. A female relation."], "kiss": ["KISS, v.t.", "1. To salute with the lips.", "2. To treat with fondness; to caress.", "The hearts of princes kiss obedience.", "3. To touch gently.", "When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees.", "KISS, n. A salute given with the lips; a common token of affection."], "kissed": ["KISS'ED, pp. Saluted with a kiss."], "kissing": ["KISS'ING, ppr. Saluting with the lips."], "kite": ["KITE, n. A rapacious fowl of the genus Falco or hawk, remarkable for gliding through the air without frequently moving its wings; hence called glide.", "1. A name of reproach, denoting rapacity.", "2. A light frame of wood and paper constructed for flying in the air for the amusement of boys.", "KITE, n. In the north of England, the belly."], "knead": ["KNEAD, v.t. nead. To work and press ingredients into a mass, usually with the hands; particularly, to work into a well mixed mass the materials of bread, cake or paste; as, to knead dough.", "The cake she kneaded was the savory meat."], "kneaded": ["KNE'ADED, pp. ne'aded. Worked and pressed together."], "kneading": ["KNE'ADING, ppr. ne'ading. Working and mixing into a well mixed mass."], "knee": ["KNEE, n. nee. L. genu.", "1. In anatomy, the articulation of the thigh and leg bones.", "2. In ship-building, a piece of timber somewhat in the shape of the human knee when bent, having two branches or arms, and used to connect the beams of a ship with her sides or timbers.", "KNEE, v.t. nee. To supplicate by kneeling. Not used."], "kneel": ["KNEEL, v.i. neel. To bend the knee; to fall on the knees; sometimes with down.", "As soon as you are dressed,kneel down and say the Lord's prayer."], "kneeling": ["KNEE'LING, ppr. nee'ling. Falling on the knees."], "knew": ["KNEW, pret. of know."], "knife": ["KNIFE,n. nife; plu. knives; nives.", "1. A cutting instrument with a sharp edge. Knives are of various shapes and sizes, adapted to their respective uses; as table knives; carving knives or carvers; penknives, &c.", "2. A sword or dagger."], "knit": ["KNIT, v.t. nit. pret. and pp. knit or knitted. L. nodo,whence nodus, Eng. knot.", "1. To unite, as threads by needles; to connect in a kind of net-work; as, to knit a stocking.", "2. To unite closely; as, let our hearts be knit together in love.", "3. To join or cause to grow together.", "Nature cannot knit the bones, while the parts are under a discharge.", "4. To tie; to fasten.", "And he saw heaven opened,and a certain vessel descending to him, as it were a great sheet knit at the four corners. Acts.10.", "5. To draw together; to contract; as, to knit the brows.", "KNIT, v.i. nit. To unite or interweave by needles.", "1. To unite closely; to grow together. Broken bones will in time knit and become sound.", "KNIT, n. nit. Union by knitting; texture. Little used."], "knitting": ["KNIT'TING, ppr. nit'ting. Uniting by needles; forming texture; uniting in growth.", "KNIT'TING, n. Junction."], "knock": ["KNOCK, v.i. nok.", "1. To strike or beat with something thick or heavy; as, to knock with a club or with the fist; to knock at the door. We never use this word to express beating with a small stick or whip.", "2. To drive or be driven against; to strike against; to clash; as when one heavy body knocks against another.", "To knock under, to yield; to submit; to acknowledge to be conquered; an expression borrowed from the practice of knocking under the table, when conquered.", "KNOCK, v.t. nok. To strike; to drive against; as, to knock the head against a post.", "1. To strike a door for admittance; to rap.", "To knock down, to strike down; to fell; to prostrate by a blow or by blows; as, to knock down an ox.", "To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows; as, to knock out the brains.", "To knock up, to arouse by knocking. In popular use, to beat out; to fatigue till unable to do more.", "To knock off, to force off by beating. At auctions, to assign to a bidder by a blow on the counter.", "To knock on the head, to kill by a blow or by blows.", "KNOCK, n. nok. A blow; a stroke with something thick or heavy.", "1. A stroke on a door, intended as a request for admittance; a rap."], "knocking": ["KNOCK'ING, ppr. nok'ing. Beating; striking.", "KNOCK'ING, n. nok'ing. A beating; a rap."], "knop": ["KNOP, n. nop. a different spelling of knap or nob.", "A knob; a tufted top; a bud; a bunch; a button."], "knopped": ["KNOP'PED, a. nop'ped. Having knops or knobs; fastened as with buttons."], "know": ["KNOW, v.t. no. pret. knew; pp. known. L. nosco, cognosco, Gr. although much varied in orthography. Nosco makes novi, which, with g or c prefixed, gnovi or cnovi, would coincide with know, knew. So L. cresco, crevi, coincides with grow, grew. The radical sense of knowing is generally to take, receive, or hold.", "1. To perceive with certainty; to understand clearly; to have a clear and certain perception of truth, fact, or any thing that actually exists. To know a thing pre", "includes all doubt or uncertainty of its existence. We know what we see with our eyes, or perceive by other senses. We know that fire and water are different substances. We know that truth and falsehood express ideas incompatible with each other. We know that a circle is not a square. We do not know the truth of reports, nor can we always know what to believe.", "2. To be informed of; to be taught. It is not unusual for us to say we know things from information, when we rely on the veracity of the informer.", "3. To distinguish; as, to know one man from another. We know a fixed star from a planet by its twinkling.", "4. To recognize by recollection, remembrance, representation or description. We do not always know a person after a long absence. We sometimes know a man by having seen his portrait, or having heard him described.", "5. To be no stranger to; to be familiar. This man is well known to us.", "6. In scripture, to have sexual commerce with. Gen 4.", "7. To approve.", "The Lord knoweth the way of the righteous. Ps. 1.", "8. To learn. Prov. 1.", "9. To acknowledge with due respect. 1Thess. 5.", "10. To choose; to favor or take an interest in. Amos 3.", "11. To commit; to have.", "He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2Cor.", "12. To have full assurance of; to have satisfactory evidence of any thing, though short of certainty."], "knowing": ["KNOWING, ppr. no'ing.", "1. Having clear and certain perception of.", "2. a. Skillful; well informed; well instructed; as a knowing man.", "The knowing and intelligent part of the world.", "3. Conscious; intelligent.", "A knowing prudent cause.", "KNOWING, n. no'ing. Knowledge."], "knowingly": ["KNOWINGLY, adv. no'ingly. With knowledge. He would not knowingly offend."], "knowledge": ["KNOWL'EDGE, n. nol'lej.", "1. A clear and certain perception of that which exists, or of truth and fact; the perception of the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy of our ideas.", "We can have no knowledge of that which does not exist. God has a perfect knowledge of all his works. Human knowledge is very limited, and is mostly gained by observation and experience.", "2. Learning; illumination of mind.", "Ignorance is the curse of God, knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.", "3. Skill; as a knowledge of seamanship.", "4. Acquaintance with any fact or person. I have no knowledge of the man or thing.", "5. Cognizance; notice. Ruth 2.", "6. Information; power of knowing.", "7. Sexual intercourse. But it is usual to prefix carnal; as carnal knowledge."], "lace": ["LACE, n. L. laqueus.", "1. A work composed of threads interwoven into a net, and worked on a pillow with spindles or pins. Fine laces are manufactured in France, Italy and England.", "2. A string; a cord.", "3. A snare; a gin.", "4. A plaited string with which females fasten their clothes.", "Doll ne'er was called to cut her lace.", "LACE, v.t.", "1. To fasten with a string through eyelet holes.", "When Jenny's stays are newly laced -", "2. To adorn with lace; as cloth laced with silver.", "3. To embellish with variegations or stripes.", "Look, love, what envious streaks.", "Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east.", "4. To beat; to lash; probably to make stripes on.", "I'll lace your coat for ye."], "laced": ["LA'CED, pp. Fastened with lace or a string; also, tricked off with lace.", "Laced coffee, coffee with spirits in it."], "lacing": ["LAC'ING, ppr. Fastening with a string; adorned or trimmed with lace."], "lack": ["LACK, v.t. L. deliquium, which seems to be connected with linquo, to leave, to faint, and with liquo, to melt, liquid, &c.", "1. To want; to be destitute of; not to have or possess.", "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask it of God - James 1.", "2. To blame. Not in use.", "LACK, v.i.", "1. To be in want.", "The young lions do lack and suffer hunger. Ps. 34.", "2. To be wanting.", "Perhaps there shall lack five of the fifty righteous.", "Gen. 18.", "LACK, n. Want; destitution; need; failure.", "He that gathered little, had no lack. Ex. 14.", "Lack of rupees is one hundred thousand rupees, which at 55 cents each, amount to fifty five thousand dollars, or at 2s. 6d. sterling, to 12,500 pounds."], "lad": ["LAD, n. Heb. to procreate or bear young. A young man or boy; a stripling."], "ladder": ["LAD'DER, n.", "1. A frame of wood, consisting of two side pieces, connected by rounds inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus forming steps, by which persons may ascend a building, &c.", "2. That by which a person ascends or rises; means of ascending; as a ladder made of cords.", "Lowliness is young ambition's ladder.", "3. Gradual rise; elevation.", "Mounting fast towards the top of the ladder ecclesiastical."], "lade": ["LADE, v.t. pret. laded; pp. laded, laden.", "1. To load; to put on or in, as a burden or freight. We lade a ship with cotton. We lade a horse or other beast with corn.", "And they laded their asses with the corn and departed thence. Gen. 42.", "2. To dip; to throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle or dipper; as, to lade water out of a tub or into a cistern.", "3. To draw water. Not in use.", "LADE, n. The mouth of a river. Obs."], "lading": ["LA'DING, ppr. Loading; charging with a burden or freight; throwing or dipping out.", "LA'DING, n. That which constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden; as the lading of a ship. Acts. 27."], "laden": ["LA'DEN, pp.", "1. Loaded; charged with a burden or freight.", "2. a. Oppressed; burdened."], "lady": ["LA'DY, n.", "1. A woman of distinction. Originally, the title of lady was given to the daughters of earls and others in high rank, but by custom, the title belongs to any woman of genteel education.", "2. A word of complaisance; used of women.", "3. Mistress; the female who presides or has authority over a manor or a family."], "laid": ["LAID, pret. and pp. of lay; so written for layed."], "lain": ["LAIN, pp. of lie. Lien would be a more regular orthography, but lain is generally used."], "lake": ["LAKE, v.i.", "To play; to sport. North of England. This is play, without a prefix.", "LAKE, n. L. lacus. A lake is a stand of water, from the root of lay. Hence L. lagena, Eng. flagon.", "1. A large and extensive collection of water contained in a cavity or hollow of the earth. It differs from a pond in size, the latter being a collection of small extent; but sometimes a collection of water is called a pond or a lake indifferently. North America contains some of the largest lakes on the globe, particularly the lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior.", "2. A middle color between ultramarine and vermilion, made of cochineal."], "lama": ["LAMA, n.", "1. The sovereign pontiff, or rather the god of the Asiatic Tartars.", "2. A small species of camel, the Camelus lama of South America."], "lamb": ["LAMB, n. lam.", "1. The young of the sheep kind.", "2. The Lamb of God, in Scripture, the Savior Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal lamb.", "Behold the lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world. John 1.", "LAMB, v.t. To bring forth young, as sheep."], "lambative": ["LAM'BATIVE, a. L. lambo, to lick.", "Taken by licking. Little used.", "LAM'BATIVE, n. A medicine taken by licking with the tongue."], "lame": ["LAME, a.", "1. Crippled or disabled in a limb, or otherwise injured so as to be unsound and impaired in strength; as a lame arm or leg, or a person lame in one leg.", "2. Imperfect; not satisfactory; as a lame excuse.", "3. Hobbling; not smooth; as numbers in verse.", "LAME, v.t. To make lame; to cripple or disable; to render imperfect and unsound; as, to lame an arm or a leg."], "lamely": ["LA'MELY, adv. See Lame.", "1. Like a cripple; with impaired strength; in a halting manner; as, to walk lamely.", "2. Imperfectly; without a complete exhibition of parts; as a figure lamely drawn; a scene lamely described.", "3. Weakly; poorly; unsteadily; feebly."], "lameness": ["LA'MENESS, n.", "1. An impaired state of the body or limbs; loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by disease; particularly applied to the limbs, and implying a total or partial inability; as the lameness of the leg or arm.", "2. Imperfection; weakness; as the lameness of an argument or of a description."], "lament": ["LAMENT', v.i. L. lamentor.", "1. To mourn; to grieve; to weep or wail; to express sorrow.", "Jeremiah lamented for Josiah. 2Chron. 35.", "2. To regret deeply; to feel sorrow.", "LAMENT', v.t. To bewail; to mourn for; to bemoan; to deplore.", "One laughed at follies, one lamented crimes.", "LAMENT', n. L. lamentum. Grief or sorrow expressed in complaints or cries; lamentation; a weeping.", "Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.", "This noun is used chiefly or solely in poetry."], "lamentable": ["LAM'ENTABLE, a. L. lamentabilis.", "1. To be lamented; deserving sorrow; as a lamentable declension of morals.", "2. Mournful; adapted to awaken grief; as a lamentable tune.", "3. Expressing sorrow; as lamentable cries.", "4. Miserable; pitiful; low; poor; in a sense rather ludicrous. Little used."], "lamentably": ["LAM'ENTABLY, adv.", "1. Mournfully; with expressions or tokens of sorrow.", "2. So as to cause sorrow.", "3. Pitifully; despicably."], "lamentation": ["LAMENTA'TION, n. L. lamentatio.", "1. Expression of sorrow; cries of grief; the act of bewailing.", "In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation and weeping. Matt. 2.", "2. In the plural, a book of Scripture, containing the lamentations of Jeremiah."], "lamented": ["LAMENT'ED, pp. Bewailed; mourned for."], "lamenter": ["LAMENT'ER, n. One who mourns, or cries out with sorrow."], "lamenting": ["LAMENT'ING, ppr. Bewailing; mourning; weeping.", "LAMENT'ING, n. A mourning; lamentation."], "lamp": ["LAMP, n. L. lampas; Gr. to shine; Heb.", "1. A vessel for containing oil to be burned by means of a wick; or a light, a burning wick inserted in a vessel of oil. Hence,", "2. Figuratively, a light of any kind. The moon is called the lamp of heaven.", "Thy gentle eyes send forth a quickening spirit, to feed the dying lamp of life within me.", "Lamp of safety, or safety lamp, a lamp for lighting coal mines, without exposing workmen to the explosion of inflammable air."], "lamping": ["LAMP'ING, a. Shining; sparkling. Not used."], "lance": ["LANCE, n. l'ans. L. lancea; Gr.", "A spear, an offensive weapon in form of a half pike, used by the ancients and thrown by the hand. It consisted of the shaft or handle, the wings and the dart.", "LANCE, v.t.", "1. To pierce with a lance or with a sharp pointed instrument.", "- Seized the due victim, and with fury lanc'd her back.", "2. To pierce or cut; to open with a lancet; as, to lance a vein or an abscess."], "lancely": ["LANCELY, a. l'ansly. Suitable to a lance."], "lancet": ["L'ANCET, n.", "1. A surgical instrument, sharp-pointed and two-edged; used in venesection, and in opening tumors, abscesses, &c.", "2. A pointed window."], "land": ["LAND, n.", "1. Earth, or the solid matter which constitutes the fixed part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the sea or other waters, which constitute the fluid or movable part. Hence we say, the globe is terraqueous, consisting of land and water. The seaman in a long voyage longs to see land.", "2. Any portion of the solid, superficial part of the globe, whether a kingdom or country, or a particular region. The United States is denominated the land of freedom.", "Go, view the land, even Jericho. Josh. 2.", "3. Any small portion of the superficial part of the earth or ground. We speak of the quantity of land in a manor. Five hundred acres of land is a large farm.", "4. Ground; soil, or the superficial part of the earth in respect to its nature or quality; as good land; poor land; moist or dry land.", "5. Real Estate. A traitor forfeits all his lands and tenements.", "6. The inhabitants of a country or region; a nation or people.", "These answers in the silent night received, the king himself divulged, the land believed.", "7. The ground left unplowed between furrows, is by some of our farmers called a land.", "To make the land,", "To make land, In seaman's language, is to discover land from sea, as the ship approaches it.", "To shut in the land, to lose sight of the land left, by the intervention of a point or promontory.", "To set the land, to see by the compass how it bears from the ship.", "LAND, n. Urine; whence the old expression, land dam, to kill. Obs.", "LAND, v.t. to set on shore; to disembark; to debark; as, to land troops from a ship or boat; to land goods.", "LAND, v.i. To go on shore from a ship or boat; to disembark."], "landed": ["LAND'ED, pp.", "1. Disembarked; set on shore from a ship or boat.", "2. a. Having an estate in land; as a landed gentleman.", "The house of commons must consist, for the most part, of landed men.", "3. Consisting in real estate or land; as landed security; landed property. The landed interest of a nation is the interest consisting in land; but the word is used also for the owners of that interest, the proprietors of land."], "landing": ["LAND'ING, ppr. Setting on shore; coming on shore.", "LAND'ING,"], "landmark": ["LAND'MARK, n. land and mark.", "1. A mark to designate the boundary of land; any mark or fixed object; as a marked tree, a stone, a ditch, or a heap of stones, by which the limits of a farm, a town or other portion of territory may be known and preserved.", "Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark. Deut. 19.", "2. In navigation, any elevated object on land that serves as a guide to seamen."], "lane": ["LANE, n.", "1. A narrow way or passage, or a private passage, as distinguished from a public road or highway. A lane may be open to all passengers, or it may be inclosed and appropriated to a man's private use. In the United States, the word is used chiefly in the country, and answers in a degree, to an alley in a city. It has sometimes been used for alley. In London, the word lane is added to the names of streets; as chancery lane.", "2. A passage between lines of men, or people standing on each side."], "language": ["LAN'GUAGE, n. L. lingua, the tongue, and speech.", "1. Human speech; the expression of ideas by words or significant articulate sounds, for the communication of thoughts. Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds, which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented by letters, marks or characters which form words. Hence language consists also in", "2. Words duly arranged in sentences, written, printed or engraved, and exhibited to the eye.", "3. The speech or expression of ideas peculiar to a particular nation. Men had originally one and the same language, but the tribes or families of men, since their dispersion, have distinct languages.", "4. Style; manner of expression.", "Others for language all their care express.", "5. The inarticulate sounds by which irrational animals express their feelings and wants. Each species of animals has peculiar sounds, which are uttered instinctively, and are understood by its own species, and its own species only.", "6. Any manner of expressing thoughts. Thus we speak of the language of the eye, a language very expressive and intelligible.", "7. A nation, as distinguished by their speech. Dan. 3."], "languaged": ["LAN'GUAGED, a. Having a language; as many languaged nations."], "languish": ["LAN'GUISH, v.i. L. langueo, lachinisso; Gr. to flag, to lag. L. laxo, laxus, flacceo.", "1. To lose strength or animation; to be or become dull, feeble or spiritless; to pine; to be or to grow heavy. We languish under disease or after excessive exertion.", "She that hath borne seven languisheth. Jer. 15.", "2. To wither; to fade; to lose the vegetating power.", "For the fields of Heshbon languisheth. Jer. 15.", "3. To grow dull; to be no longer active and vigorous. The war languished for want of supplies. Commerce, agriculture, manufactures languish, not for want of money, but for want of good markets.", "4. To pine or sink under sorrow or any continued passion; as, a woman languishes for the loss of her lover.", "Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish. Hosea 4.", "5. To look with softness or tenderness, as with the head reclined and a peculiar cast of the eye.", "LAN'GUISH, v.t. To cause to droop or pine. Little used.", "LAN'GUISH, n. Act of pining; also, a soft and tender look or appearance.", "And the blue languish of soft Allia's eye."], "languisher": ["LAN'GUISHER, n. One who languishes or pines."], "languishing": ["LAN'GUISHING, ppr.", "1. Becoming or being feeble; losing strength; pining; withering; fading.", "2. a. Having a languid appearance; as a languishing eye."], "languishingly": ["LAN'GUISHINGLY, adv.", "1. Weakly; feebly; dully; slowly.", "2. With tender softness."], "languishment": ["LAN'GUISHMENT, n.", "1. The state of pining.", "2. Softness of look or mien, with the head reclined."], "lantern": ["LAN'TERN, n. L. laterna.", "1. A case or vessel made of tin perforated with many holes, or of some transparent substance, as glass, horn, or oiled paper; used for carrying a candle or other light in the open air, or into stables, &c.", "A dark lantern is one with a single opening, which may be closed so as to conceal the light.", "2. A light-house or light to direct the course of ships.", "3. In architecture, a little dome raised over the roof of a building to give light, and to serve as a crowning to the fabric.", "4. A square cage of carpentry placed over the ridge of a corridor or gallery, between two rows of shops, to illuminate them.", "Magic lantern, an optical machine by which painted images are represented so much magnified as to appear like the effect of magic."], "laodicean": ["LAODICE'AN, a. Like the christians of Laodicea: lukewarm in religion."], "laodiceanism": ["LAODICE'ANISM, n. Lukewarmness in religion."], "lap": ["LAP, n.", "1. The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely.", "2. The part of clothes that lies on the knees when a person sits down; hence, the knees in this position.", "Men expect that happiness should drop into their laps.", "LAP, v.t.", "1. To fold; to bend and lay over or on; as, to lap a piece of cloth.", "To lap boards, is to lay one partly over another.", "2. To wrap or twist round.", "I lapped a slender thread about the paper.", "3. To infold; to involve.", "Her garment spreads, and laps him in the folds.", "LAP, v.i. To be spread or laid; to be turned over.", "The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends where they lap over, transparent like the wing of a fly.", "LAP, v.i. Gr. If m is casual in L. lambo, as it probably is, this is the same word.", "To take up liquor or food with the tongue; to feed or drink by licking.", "The dogs by the river Nilus' side being thirsty, lap hastily as they run along the shore.", "And the number of them that lapped were three hundred men. Judges 7.", "LAP, v.t. To take into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up; as, a cat laps milk."], "lapped": ["LAP'PED, pp. See Lap. Turned or folded over."], "lapping": ["LAP'PING, ppr.", "1. Wrapping; folding; laying on.", "2. Licking; taking into the mouth with the tongue."], "lapwing": ["LAP'WING, n. A bird of the genus Tringa; the tewit."], "large": ["L'ARGE, a larj. L. largus; Gr. wide, copious, and perhaps with floor.", "1. Big; of great size; bulky; as a large body; a large horse or ox; a large mountain; a large tree; a large ship.", "2. Wide; extensive; as a large field or plain; a large extent of territory.", "3. Extensive or populous; containing many inhabitants; as a large city or town.", "4. Abundant; plentiful; ample; as a large supply of provisions.", "5. Copious; diffusive.", "I might be very large on the importance and advantages of education.", "6. In seamen's language, the wind is large when it crosses the line of a ship's course in a favorable direction, particularly on the beam or quarter.", "7. Wide; consisting of much water; as a large river.", "8. Liberal; of a great amount; as a large donation.", "1. At large, without restraint or confinement; as, to go at large; to be left at large.", "2. Diffusely; fully; in the full extent; as, to discourse on a subject at large.", "L'ARGE, n. Formerly, a musical note equal to four breves."], "largely": ["L'ARGELY, adv.", "1. Widely; extensively.", "2. Copiously; diffusely; amply. The subject was largely discussed.", "3. Liberally; bountifully.", "- How he lives and eats; how largely gives.", "4. Abundantly.", "They their fill of love and love's disport took largely."], "largeness": ["L'ARGENESS, n.", "1. Bigness; bulk; magnitude; as the largeness of an animal.", "2. Greatness; comprehension; as the largeness of mind or of capacity.", "3. Extent; extensiveness; as largeness of views.", "4. Extension; amplitude; liberality; as the largeness of an offer; largeness of heart.", "5. Wideness; extent; as the largeness of a river."], "lasciviency": ["LASCIVIENCY, LASCIVIENT. Not used. See the next words."], "lascivient": ["LASCIVIENCY, LASCIVIENT. Not used. See the next words."], "lascivious": ["LASCIV'IOUS, a. L. lascivus, from laxus, laxo, to relax, to loosen.", "1. Loose; wanton; lewd; lustful; as lascivious men; lascivious desires; lascivious eyes.", "2. Soft; wanton; luxurious.", "He capers numbly in a lady's chamber, to the lascivious pleasing of a lute."], "lasciviously": ["LASCIV'IOUSLY, adv. Loosely; wantonly; lewdly."], "lasciviousness": ["LASCIV'IOUSNESS, n.", "1. Looseness; irregular indulgence of animal desires; wantonness; lustfulness.", "Who, being past feeling, have given themselves over to lasciviousness. Eph. 4.", "2. Tendency to excite lust, and promote irregular indulgences.", "The reason pretended by Augustus was, the lasciviousness of his Elegies and his Art of Love."], "last": ["L'AST, a. See Late and Let.", "1. That comes after all the others; the latest; applied to time; as the last hour of the day; the last day of the year.", "2. That follows all the others; that is behind all the others in place; hindmost; as, this was the last man that entered the church.", "3. Beyond which there is no more.", "Here, last of Britons, let your names be read.", "4. Next before the present; as the last week; the last year.", "5. Utmost.", "Their last endeavors bend, T' outshine each other.", "It is an object of the last importance.", "6. Lowest; meanest.", "Antilochus takes the lst prize.", "At last, at the last, at the end; in the conclusion.", "Gad, a troop shall overcome him; but he shall overcome at the last. Gen. 49.", "To the last, to the end; till the conclusion.", "And blunder on in business to the last.", "In the phrases, \"you are the last man I should consult\" \"this is the last place in which I should expect to find you,\" the word last implies improbability; this is the most improbable place, and therefore I should resort to it last.", "L'AST, adv.", "1. The last time; the time before the present. I saw him last at New York.", "2. In conclusion; finally.", "Pleased with his idol, he commends, admires, adores; and last, the thing adored desires.", "L'AST, v.i. See Let.", "1. To continue in time; to endure; to remain in existence. Our government cannot last long unless administered by honest men.", "2. To continue unimpaired; not to decay or perish. Select for winter the best apples to last. This color will last.", "3. To hold out; to continue unconsumed. The captain knew he had not water on board to last a week.", "L'AST, n. See Load.", "A load; hence, a certain weight or measure. A last of codfish, white herrings, meal, and ashes, is twelve barrels; a last of corn is ten quarters or eighty bushels; of gun powder, twenty four barrels; of red herrings, twenty cades; of hides, twelve dozen; of leather, twenty dickers; of pitch and tar, fourteen barrels; of wool, twelve sacks; of flax or feathers, 1700 pounds.", "L'AST, n.", "A mold or form of the human foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed.", "The cobbler is not to go beyond his last."], "lasting": ["L'ASTING, ppr.", "1. Continuing in time; enduring; remaining.", "2. a. Durable; of long continuance; that may continue or endure; as a lasting good or evil; a lasting color."], "lastingly": ["L'ASTINGLY, adv. Durably; with continuance."], "latchet": ["LATCH'ET, n. from latch. The string that fastens a shoe. Mark 1."], "late": ["LATE, a. This word is from the root of let, the sense of which is to draw out, extend or prolong, hence to be slow or late. See Let. This adjective has regular terminations of the comparative and superlative degrees, later, latest, but it has also latter, and latest is often contracted into last.", "1. Coming after the usual time; slow; tardy; long delayed; as a late spring; a late summer. The crops or harvest will be late.", "2. Far advanced towards the end or close; as a late hour of the day. He began at a late period of his life.", "3. Last, or recently in any place, office or character; as the late ministry; the late administration.", "4. Existing not long ago, but now decayed or departed; as the late bishop of London.", "5. Not long past; happening not long ago; recent; as the late rains. We have received late intelligence.", "LATE, adv.", "1. After the usual time, or the time appointed; after delay; as, he arrived late.", "2. After the proper or usual season. This year the fruits ripen late.", "3. Not long ago; lately.", "And round them throng with leaps and bounds the late imprison'd young.", "4. Far in the night, day, week, or other particular period; as, to lie a-bed late; to sit up late at night.", "Of late, lately, in time not long past, or near the present. The practice is of late uncommon.", "Too late, after the proper time; not in due time. We arrived too late to see the procession."], "lated": ["LA'TED, a. Belated; being too late. Not used."], "lately": ["LA'TELY, adv. Not long ago; recently. We called on a gentleman who has lately arrived from Italy."], "lateness": ["LA'TENESS, n.", "1. The state of being tardy, or of coming after the usual time; as the lateness of spring or of harvest.", "2. Time far advanced in any particular period; as lateness of the day or night; lateness in the season; lateness in life.", "3. The state of being out of time, or after the appointed time; as the lateness of one's arrival."], "latin": ["LAT'IN, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a people of Latium, in Italy; Roman; as the Latin language.", "Latin church, the western church; the christian church in Italy, France, Spain and other countries where the Latin language was introduced, as distinct from the Greek or eastern church.", "LAT'IN, n.", "1. The language of the ancient Romans.", "2. An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into Latin."], "latinism": ["LAT'INISM, n. A Latin idiom; a mode of speech peculiar to the Latins."], "latinity": ["LATIN'ITY, n. Purity of the Latin style or idiom; the Latin tongue."], "latinize": ["LAT'INIZE, v.t. To give to foreign words Latin terminations and make them Latin.", "LAT'INIZE, v.i. To use words or phrases borrowed from the Latin."], "latter": ["LAT'TER, a. an irregular comparative of late.", "1. Coming or happening after something else; opposed to former; as the former and latter rain; former or latter harvest.", "2. Mentioned the last of two.", "The difference between reason and revelation - and in what sense the latter is superior.", "3. Modern; lately done or past; as in these latter ages."], "lattice": ["LAT'TICE, n.", "Any work of wood or iron, made by crossing laths, rods or bars, and forming open squares like net-work; as the lattice of a window.", "The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice. Judges 5.", "LAT'TICE, a.", "1. Consisting of cross pieces; as lattice work.", "2. Furnished with lattice work; as a lattice window.", "LAT'TICE, v.t.", "1. To form with cross bars, and open work.", "2. To furnish with a lattice."], "latticed": ["LAT'TICED, pp. Furnished with a lattice."], "laud": ["LAUD, n. L. laus, laudis; Gr. ; Eng. loud. See Loud.", "1. Praise; commendation; an extolling in words; honorable mention. Little used.", "2. That part of divine worship which consists in praise.", "3. Music or singing in honor of any one.", "LAUD, v.t. L. laudo. To praise in words alone, or with words and singing; to celebrate."], "laudative": ["LAUD'ATIVE, n. L. laudativus. A panegyric; an eulogy. Little used."], "laugh": ["LAUGH, v.i. l'aff. Heb.", "1. To make the noise and exhibit the features which are characteristic of mirth in the human species. Violent laughter is accompanied with a shaking of the sides, and all laughter expels breath from the lungs.", "2. In poetry, to be gay; to appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, lively or brilliant.", "Then laughs the childish year with flow'rets crown'd.", "And o'er the foaming bowl, the laughing wine.", "To laugh at, to ridicule; to treat with some degree of contempt.", "No fool to laugh at, which he valued more.", "To laugh to scorn, to deride; to treat with mockery, contempt and scorn. Neh. 2.", "LAUGH, n. l'aff. An expression of mirth peculiar to the human species.", "But feigns a laugh, to see me search around, and by that laugh the willing fair is found."], "laughing": ["LAUGHING, ppr. l'affing. Expressing mirth in a particular manner."], "laughingly": ["LAUGHINGLY, adv. l'affingly. In a merry way; with laughter."], "laughter": ["LAUGHTER, n. l'affter. Convulsive merriment; an expression of mirth peculiar to man, consisting in a peculiar noise and configuration of features, with a shaking of the sides and expulsion of breath.", "I said of laughter, it is mad. Eccles. 2."], "launch": ["LAUNCH, See Lanch, the more correct orthography."], "laver": ["LA'VER, n. A vessel for washing; a large basin; in scripture history, a basin placed in the court of the Jewish tabernacle, where the officiating priests washed their hands and feet and the entrails of victims."], "lavish": ["LAV'ISH, a. I know not from what source we have received this word. It coincides in elements with L. liber, free, liberal, and lavo, to wash.", "1. Prodigal; expending or bestowing with profusion; profuse. He was lavish of expense; lavish of praise; lavish of encomiums; lavish of censure; lavish of blood and treasure.", "2. Wasteful; expending without necessity; liberal to a fault.", "3. Wild; unrestrained.", "Curbing his lavish spirit.", "LAV'ISH, v.t.", "1. To expend or bestow with profusion; as, to lavish praise or encomiums.", "2. To waste; to expend without necessity or use; to squander; as, to lavish money on vices and amusements."], "lavished": ["LAV'ISHED, pp. Expended profusely; wasted."], "lavisher": ["LAV'ISHER, n. A prodigal; a profuse person."], "lavishing": ["LAV'ISHING, ppr. Expending or laying out with profusion; wasting."], "lavishness": ["LAV'ISHNESS, n. Profusion; prodigality."], "law": ["LAW, n. L. lex; from the root of lay. See lay. A law is that which is laid, set or fixed, like statute, constitution, from L. statuo.", "1. A rule, particularly an established or permanent rule, prescribed by the supreme power of a state to its subjects, for regulating their actions, particularly their social actions. Laws are imperative or mandatory, commanding what shall be done; prohibitory, restraining from what is to be forborn; or permissive, declaring what may be done without incurring a penalty. The laws which enjoin the duties of piety and morality, are prescribed by God and found in the Scriptures.", "Law is beneficence acting by rule.", "2. Municipal law, is a rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power of a state, commanding what its subjects are to do, and prohibiting what they are to forbear; a statute.", "Municipal or civil laws are established by the decrees, edicts or ordinances of absolute princes, as emperors and kings, or by the formal acts of the legislatures of free states. Law therefore is sometimes equivalent to decree, edict, or ordinance.", "3. Law of nature, is a rule of conduct arising out of the natural relations of human beings established by the Creator, and existing prior to any positive precept. Thus it is a law of nature, that one man should not injure another, and murder and fraud would be crimes, independent of any prohibition from a supreme power.", "4. Laws of animal nature, the inherent principles by which the economy and functions of animal bodies are performed, such as respiration, the circulation of the blood, digestion, nutrition, various secretions, &c.", "5. Laws of vegetation, the principles by which plats are produced, and their growth carried on till they arrive to perfection.", "6. Physical laws, or laws of nature. The invariable tendency or determination of any species of matter to a particular form with definite properties, and the determination of a body to certain motions, changes, and relations, which uniformly take place in the same circumstances, is called a physical law. These tendencies or determinations, whether called laws or affections of matter, have been established by the Creator, and are, with a peculiar felicity of expression, denominated in Scripture, ordinances of heaven.", "7. Laws of nations, the rules that regulate the mutual intercourse of nations or states. These rules depend on natural law, or the principles of justice which spring from the social state; or they are founded on customs, compacts, treaties, leagues and agreements between independent communities.", "By the law of nations, we are to understand that code of public instruction, which defines the rights and prescribes the duties of nations, in their intercourse with each other.", "8. Moral law, a law which prescribes to men their religious and social duties, in other words, their duties to God and to each other. The moral law is summarily contained in the decalogue or ten commandments, written by the finger of God on two tables of stone, and delivered to Moses on mount Sinai.", "Ex. 20.", "9. Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action prescribed for the government of a church; otherwise called canon law.", "10. Written law, a law or rule of action prescribed or enacted by a sovereign, and promulgated and recorded in writing; a written statute, ordinance, edict or decree.", "11. Unwritten or common law, a rule of action which derives its authority from long usage, or established custom, which has been immemorially received and recognized by judicial tribunals. As this law can be traced to no positive statutes, its rules or principles are to be found only in the records of courts, and in the reports of judicial decisions.", "12. By-law, a law of a city, town or private corporation. See By.", "13. Mosaic law, the institutions of Moses, or the code of laws prescribed to the Jews, as distinguished from the gospel.", "14. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institutions which prescribe the external rites and ceremonies to be observed by the Jews, as distinct from the moral precepts, which are of perpetual obligation.", "15. A rule of direction; a directory; as reason and natural conscience.", "These, having not the law, as a law to themselves. Rom. 2.", "16. That which governs or has a tendency to rule; that which has the power of controlling.", "But I see another law in my members warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. Romans 7.", "17. The word of God; the doctrines and precepts of God, or his revealed will.", "But his delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law doth he meditate day and night. Ps. 1.", "18. The Old Testament.", "Is it not written in your law, I said, ye are gods? John 10.", "19. The institutions of Moses, as distinct from the other parts of the Old Testament; as the law and the prophets.", "20. A rule or axiom of science or art; settled principle; as the laws of versification or poetry.", "21. Law martial, or martial law, the rules ordained for the government of an army or military force.", "22. Marine laws, rules for the regulation of navigation, and the commercial intercourse of nations.", "23. Commercial law, law-merchant, the system of rules by which trade and commercial intercourse are regulated between merchants.", "24. Judicial process; prosecution of right in courts of law.", "Tom Touchy is a fellow famous for taking the law of every body.", "Hence the phrase, to go to law, to prosecute; to seek redress in a legal tribunal.", "25. Jurisprudence; as in the title, Doctor of Laws.", "26. In general, law is a rule of action prescribed for the government of rational beings or moral agents, to which rule they are bound to yield obedience, in default of which they are exposed to punishment; or law is a settled mode or course of action or operation in irrational beings and in inanimate bodies.", "Civil law, criminal law. See Civil and Criminal.", "Laws of honor. See Honor.", "Law language, the language used in legal writings and forms, particularly the Norman dialect or Old French, which was used in judicial proceedings from the days of William the conqueror to the 36th year of Edward III.", "Wager of law, a species of trial formerly used in England, in which the defendant gave security that he would, on a certain day, make his law, that is, he would make oath that he owed nothing to the plaintiff, and would produce eleven of his neighbors as compurgators, who should swear that they believed in their consciences that he had sworn the truth."], "lawful": ["LAW'FUL, a.", "1. Agreeable to law; conformable to law; allowed by law; legal; legitimate. That is deemed lawful which no law forbids, but many things are lawful which are not expedient.", "2. Constituted by law; rightful; as the lawful owner of lands."], "lawfulness": ["LAW'FULNESS, n. The quality of being conformable to law; legality. The lawfulness of an action does not always prove its propriety or expedience."], "lawing": ["LAW'ING, n. Expeditation; the act of cutting off the claws and balls of the fore feet of mastiffs to prevent them from running after deer."], "lawfully": ["LAW'FULLY, adv. Legally; in accordance with law; without violating law. We may lawfully do what the laws do not forbid."], "lawgiver": ["LAW'GIVER, n. law and give. One who makes or enacts a law; a legislator."], "lawgiving": ["LAW'GIVING, a. Making or enacting laws; legislative."], "lawless": ["LAW'LESS, a.", "1. Not subject to law; unrestrained by law; as a lawless tyrant; lawless men.", "2. Contrary to law; illegal; unauthorized; as a lawless claim.", "He needs no indirect nor lawless course.", "3. Not subject to the ordinary laws of nature; uncontrolled.", "He, meteor-like, flames lawless through the void."], "lawlessness": ["LAW'LESSNESS, n. The quality or state of being unrestrained by law; disorder."], "lawyer": ["LAW'YER, n. that is lawer, contracted from law-wer, law-man.", "One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of law; one whose profession is to institute suits in courts of law, and to prosecute or defend the cause of clients. this is a general term, comprehending attorneys, counselors, solicitors, barristers, serjeants and advocates."], "lay": ["LAY, pret. of lie. The estate lay in the county of Hartford.", "When Ahab heard these words, he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his head, and fasted and lay in sackcloth.", "1Kings 21.", "LAY, v.t. pret. and pp. laid. L. loco, whence locus, Eng. ley or lea. The primary sense is to send or throw; hence this word is the L. lego, legare, differently applied; Gr. to lie down.", "1. Literally, to throw down; hence, to put or place; applied to things broad or long, and in this respect differing from set. We lay a book on the table, when we place it on its side, but we set it on the end. We lay the foundation of a house, but we set a building on its foundation.", "He laid his robe from him. Jonah 3.", "Soft on the flowery herb I found me laid.", "A stone was brought and laid on the mouth of the den.", "Dan. 6.", "2. To beat down; to prostrate. Violent winds with rain lay corn and grass.", "3. To settle; to fix and keep from rising. A shower lays the dust.", "4. To place in order; to dispose with regularity in building; as, to lay bricks or stones in constructing walls.", "5. To spread on a surface; as, to lay plaster or paint.", "6. To spread or set; as, to lay snares.", "7. To calm; to appease; to still; to allay.", "After a tempest, when the winds are laid.", "8. To quiet; to still; to restrain from walking; as, to lay the devil.", "9. To spread and set in order; to prepare; as, to lay a table for dinner.", "10. To place in the earth for growth.", "The chief time of laying gilliflowers, is in July.", "11. To place at hazard; to wage; to stake; as, to lay a crown or an eagle; to lay a wager.", "12. To bring forth; to exclude; as, to lay eggs.", "13. To add; to join.", "Woe to them that join house to house, that lay field to field. Is. 5.", "14. To put; to apply.", "She layeth her hand to the spindle. Prov. 31.", "15. To asses; to charge; to impose; as, to lay a tax on land; to lay a duty on salt.", "16. To charge; to impute; as, to lay blame on one; to lay want of prudence to one's charge.", "17. To impose, as evil, burden, or punishment.", "The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. Is. 53.", "18. To enjoin as a duty; as, to lay commands on one.", "19. To exhibit; to present or offer; as, to lay an indictment in a particular county.", "20. To prostrate; to slay.", "The leaders first he laid along.", "21. To depress and lose sight of, by sailing or departing from; as, to lay the land; a seaman's phrase.", "22. To station; to set; as, to lay an ambush.", "23. To contrive; to scheme; to plan.", "To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands.", "To lay apart, to put away; to reject.", "Lay apart all filthiness. James 1.", "1. To lay aside, to put off or away; not to retain.", "Let us lay aside every weight, and the sin that doth so easily beset us. Heb. 41.", "2. To discontinue; as, to lay aside the use of any thing.", "To lay away, to reposit in store; to put aside for preservation.", "To lay before, to exhibit; to show; to present to view. The papers are laid before Congress.", "1. To lay by, to reserve for future use.", "Let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him. 1Cor. 16.", "2. To put away; to dismiss.", "Let brave spirits not be laid by, as persons unnecessary for the time.", "3. To put off.", "And she arose and went away, and laid by her veil. Gen. 38.", "1. To lay down, to deposit, as a pledge, equivalent or satisfaction; to resign.", "I lay down my life for the sheep. John 10.", "2. To give up; to resign; to quit or relinquish; as, to lay down an office or commission.", "3. To quit; to surrender the use of; as, to lay down one's arms.", "4. To offer or advance; as, to lay down a proposition or principle.", "To lay one's self down, to commit to repose.", "I will both lay me down in peace and sleep - Ps. 4.", "To lay hold of, to seize; to catch. To lay hold on, is used in a like sense.", "To lay in, to store; to treasure; to provide previously.", "To lay on, to apply with force; to inflict; as, to lay on blows.", "To lay open, to open; to make bare; to uncover; also, to show; to expose; to reveal; as, to lay open the designs of an enemy.", "To lay over, to spread over; to incrust; to cover the surface; as, to lay over with gold or silver.", "1. To lay out, to expend; as, to lay out money, or sums of money.", "2. To display; to discover.", "He takes occasion to lay out bigotry and false confidence in all its colors. Obs.", "3. To plan; to dispose in order the several parts; as, to lay out a garden.", "4. To dress in grave clothes and place in a decent posture; as, to lay out a corpse. Shakespeare uses to lay, forth.", "5. To exert; as, to lay out all one's strength. So with the reciprocal pronoun, to lay one's self out, is to exert strength.", "1. To lay to, to charge upon; to impute.", "2. To apply with vigor.", "3. To attack or harass. Obs.", "4. To check the motion of a ship, and cause her to be stationary.", "To lay together, to collect; to bring to one place; also, to bring into one view.", "To lay to heart, to permit to affect greatly.", "To lay under, to subject to; as, to lay one under restraint or obligation.", "1. To lay up, to store; to treasure; to reposit for future use.", "Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven. Matt. 6.", "2. To confine to the bed or chamber. He is laid up with the gout.", "To lay siege, to besiege; to encompass with an army.", "To lay wait, to station for private attack; to lay in ambush for.", "To lay the course, in sailing, is to sail towards the port intended, without gibing.", "To lay waste, to destroy; to desolate; to deprive of inhabitants, improvements and productions.", "To lay the land, in seamen's language, is to cause the land apparently to sink or appear lower, by sailing from it; the distance diminishing the elevation.", "LAY, v.i.", "1. To bring or produce eggs.", "Hens will greedily eat the herb that will make them lay the better.", "2. To contrive; to form a scheme. Unusual.", "To lay about, to strike or throw the arms on all sides; to act with vigor.", "To lay at, to strike or to endeavor to strike.", "The sword of him that layeth at him cannot hold. Job. 41.", "1. To lay out, to purpose; to intend. he lays out to make a journey.", "2. To take measures.", "I made strict inquiry wherever I came, and laid out for intelligence of all places.", "To lay upon, to importune. Obs.", "LAY, n.", "1. That which lies or is laid; a row; a stratum; a layer; one rank in a series reckoned upward; as a lay of wood.", "A viol should have a lay of wire-strings below.", "2. A bet; a wager. Little used.", "3. Station; rank. Not used.", "LAY, n. L. locus. See Lay, the verb. The words which signify place, are from verbs which express setting or laying. It is written also ley, and lea, but less properly.", "A meadow; a plain or plat of grass land.", "A tuft of daisies on a flowery lay.", "The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea.", "LAY, n. Gr. to sound. L. laudo, plaudo.", "A song; as a loud or soft lay; immortal lays.", "It is used chiefly in poetry.", "LAY, a. L. laicus, Gr. from people.", "Pertaining to the laity or people, as distinct from the clergy; not clerical; as a lay person; a lay preacher; a lay brother."], "laying": ["LA'YING, ppr. Putting; placing; applying; imputing; wagering."], "lead": ["LEAD, n. led.", "1. A metal of a dull white color, with a cast of blue. It is the least elastic and sonorous of all the metals, and at the same time it is soft and easily fusible. It is found native in small masses, but generally mineralized by sulphur, and sometimes by other substances. Lead fused in a strong heat, throws off vapors which are unwholesome.", "2. A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea.", "3. Leads, a flat roof covered with lead.", "White lead, the oxyd of lead, ground with one third part of chalk.", "LEAD, v.t. led. To cover with lead; to fit with lead.", "LEAD, v.t. pret. and pp. led.", "1. To guide by the hand; as, to lead a child. It often includes the sense of drawing as well as of directing.", "2. To guide or conduct by showing the way; to direct; as, the Israelites were led by a pillar of a cloud by day, and by a pillar of fire by night.", "3. To conduct to any place.", "He leadeth me beside the still waters. Ps. 23.", "4. To conduct, as a chief or commander, implying authority; to direct and govern; as, a general leads his troops to battle and to victory.", "Christ took not on him flesh and blood, that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies.", "5. To precede; to introduce by going first.", "As Hesperus that leads the sun his way.", "6. To guide; to show the method of attaining an object. Self-examination may lead us to a knowledge of ourselves.", "7. To draw; to entice; to allure. The love of pleasure leads men into vices which degrade and impoverish them.", "8. To induce; to prevail on; to influence.", "He was driven by the necessities of the times more than led by his own disposition to any rigor of actions.", "9. To pass; to spend, that is, to draw out; as, to lead a life of gayety, or a solitary life.", "That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. 1Tim. 2.", "To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way or into error; to seduce from truth or rectitude.", "To lead captive, to carry into captivity.", "LEAD, v.i.", "1. To go before and show the way.", "I will lead on softly. Gen. 33.", "2. To conduct, as a chief or commander. Let the troops follow, where their general leads.", "3. To draw; to have a tendency to. Gaming leads to other vices.", "4. To exercise dominion.", "To lead off or out, to go first; to begin.", "LEAD, n. Precedence; a going before; guidance. Let the general take the lead. A colloquial word in reputable use."], "leading": ["LE'ADING, ppr.", "1. Guiding; conducting; preceding; drawing; alluring; passing life.", "2. a. Chief; principal; capital; most influential; as a leading motive; a leading man in a party.", "3. showing the way by going first.", "He left his mother a countess by patent, which was a new leading example.", "LE'ADING, n. Guidance; the act of conducting; direction."], "leader": ["LE'ADER, n.", "1. One that leads or conducts; a guide; a conductor.", "2. A chief; a commander; a captain.", "3. One who goes first.", "4. The chief of a party or faction; as the leader of the whigs or of the tories; a leader of the Jacobins.", "5. a performer who leads a band or choir in music."], "leaf": ["LEAF, n. plu. leaves.", "1. In botany, leaves are organs of perspiration and inhalation in plants. They usually shoot from the sides of the stems and branches, but sometimes from the root; sometimes they are sessile; more generally supported by petioles. They are of various forms, flat, extended, linear, cylindric, &c.", "2. The thin, extended part of a flower; a petal.", "3. A part of a book containing two pages.", "4. The side of a double door. 1Kings 6.", "5. Something resembling a leaf in thinness and extension; a very thin plate; as gold leaf.", "6. The movable side of a table.", "LEAF, v.i. To shoot out leaves; to produce leaves. The trees leaf in May."], "leafed": ["LE'AFED, pp. Having leaves."], "league": ["LEAGUE, n. leeg. L. ligo, to bind.", "1. An alliance or confederacy between princes or states for their mutual aid or defense; a national contract or compact. A league may be offensive or defensive, or both. It is offensive, when the contracting parties agree to unite in attacking a common enemy; defensive, when the parties agree to act in concert in defending each other against an enemy.", "2. A combination or union of two or more parties for the purpose of maintaining friendship and promoting their mutual interest, or for executing any design in concert.", "And let there be 'twixt us and them no league, nor amity.", "LEAGUE, v.i. leeg.", "1. To unite, as princes or states in a contract of amity for mutual aid or defense; to confederate. Russia and Austria leagued to oppose the ambition of Buonaparte.", "2. To unite or confederate, as private persons for mutual aid.", "LEAGUE, n. leeg. Low L. leuca.", "1. Originally, a stone erected on the public roads, at certain distances, in the manner of the modern mile-stones. Hence,", "2. The distance between two stones. With the English and Americans, a league is the length of three miles; but this measure is chiefly at sea. The league on the continent of Europe, is very different among different nations. The Dutch and German league contains four geographical miles."], "leagued": ["LE'AGUED, pp. lee'ged. United in mutual compact; confederated."], "lean": ["LEAN, v.i. Gr., L. clino.", "1. To deviate or move from a straight or perpendicular line; or to be in a position thus deviating. We say, a column leans to the north or to the east; it leans to the right or left.", "2. To incline or propend; to tend toward.", "They delight rather to lean to their old customs -", "3. To bend or incline so as to rest on something; as, to lean against a wall or a pillar; to lean on the arm of another.", "4. To bend; to be in a bending posture.", "LEAN, v.t.", "1. To incline; to cause to lean.", "2. To conceal. Not in use.", "LEAN, a. L. lenis, and Eng. slender.", "1. Wanting flesh; meager; not fat; as a lean body; a lean man or animal.", "2. Not rich; destitute of good qualities; bare; barren; as lean earth.", "3. Low; poor; in opposition to rich or great; as a lean action. Unusual.", "4. Barren of thought; destitute of that which improves or entertains; jejune; as a lean discourse or dissertation.", "LEAN, n. That part of flesh which consists of muscle without the fat."], "leanness": ["LE'ANNESS, n.", "1. Destitution of fat; want of flesh; thinness of body; meagerness; applied to animals.", "2. Want of matter; poverty; emptiness; as the leanness of a purse.", "3. In Scripture, want of grace and spiritual comfort.", "He sent leanness into their soul. Ps. 106."], "leap": ["LEAP, v.i. L. labor, perhaps. Heb.", "1. To spring or rise from the ground with both feet, as man, or with all the feet, as other animals; to jump; to vault; as, a man leaps over a fence, or leaps upon a horse.", "A man leapeth better with weights in his hands than without.", "2. To spring or move suddenly; as, to leap from a horse.", "3. To rush with violence.", "And the man in whom the evil spirit was, leaped on them and overcame them - Acts 19.", "4. To spring; to bound; to skip; as, to leap for joy.", "5. To fly; to start. Job. 41.", "He parted frowning from me, as if ruin leaped from his eyes.", "Our common people retain the Saxon aspirate of this word in the phrase, to clip it, to run fast.", "LEAP, v.t.", "1. To pass over by leaping; to spring or bound from one side to the other; as, to leap a wall, a gate or a gulf; to leap a stream. But the phrase is elliptical, and over is understood.", "2. To compress; as the male of certain beasts.", "LEAP, n.", "1. A jump; a spring; a bound; act of leaping.", "2. Space passed by leaping.", "3. A sudden transition of passing.", "4. The space that may be passed at a bound.", "'Tis the convenient leap I mean to try.", "5. Embrace of animals.", "6. Hazard, or effect of leaping.", "7. A basket; a weel for fish. Not in use."], "leaping": ["LE'APING, ppr. Jumping; springing; bounding; skipping."], "leapingly": ["LE'APINGLY, adv. By leaps."], "learn": ["LEARN, v.t. lern.", "1. To gain knowledge of; to acquire knowledge or ideas of something before unknown. We learn the use of letters, the meaning of words and the principles of science. We learn things by instruction, by study, and by experience and observation. It is much easier to learn what is right, than to unlearn what is wrong.", "Now learn a parable of the fig tree. Matt. 24.", "2. To acquire skill in any thing; to gain by practice a faculty of performing; as, to learn to play on a flute or an organ.", "The chief art of learning is to attempt but little at a time.", "3. To teach; to communicate the knowledge of something before unknown.", "Hast thou not learned me how to make perfumes?", "This use of learn, is found in respectable writers, but is now deemed inelegant as well as improper.", "LEARN, v.i. lern.", "1. To gain or receive knowledge; to receive instruction; to take pattern; with of.", "Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly - Matt. 11.", "2. To receive information or intelligence."], "learned": ["LEARNED, lern'ed,"], "learning": ["LEARNING, ppr. lern'ing. Gaining knowledge by instruction or reading, by study, by experience or observation; acquiring skill by practice.", "LEARNING, n. lern'ing.", "1. The knowledge of principles or facts received by instruction or study; acquired knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition; literature; science. The Scaligers were men of great learning.", "This is the proper sense of the word.", "2. Knowledge acquired by experience, experiment or observation.", "3. Skill in anything good or bad."], "lease": ["LEASE, n. See the Verb.", "1. A demise or letting of lands, tenements or hereditaments to another for life, for a term of years, or at will, for a rent or compensation reserved; also, the contract for such letting.", "2. Any tenure by grant or permission.", "Our high placed Macbeth shall live the lease of nature.", "LEASE, v.t. Eng. let. See Let.", "To let; to demise; to grant the temporary possession of lands, tenements or hereditaments to another for a rent reserved. A leased to B his land in Dale for the annual rent of a pepper corn.", "LEASE, v.i. leez. L. lego.", "To glean; to gather what harvest men have left. Obs."], "leased": ["LE'ASED, pp. Demised or let, as lands or tenements."], "leasing": ["LE'ASING, n. s as z.", "Falsehood; lies. Obsolete or nearly so."], "least": ["LEAST, a.", "Smallest; little beyond others, either in size or degree; as the least insect; the least mercy.", "Least is often used without the noun to which it refers. \"I am the least of the apostles,\" that is, the least apostle of all the apostles. 1Cor. 15.", "LEAST, adv.", "1. In the smallest or lowest degree; in a degree below all others; as, to reward those who least deserve it.", "At least,", "At the least, To say no more; not to demand or affirm more than is barely sufficient; at the lowest degree. If he has not incurred a penalty, he at least deserves censure.", "He who tempts, though vain, at least asperses the tempted with dishonor.", "2. To say no more. Let useful observations be at least a part of your conversation.", "The least, in the smallest degree. His faculties are not in the least impaired.", "At leastwise, in the sense of at least, is obsolete."], "leave": ["LEAVE, n.", "1. Permission; allowance; license; liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is removed.", "No friend has leave to bear away the dead.", "David earnestly asked leave of me. 1Sam. 20.", "2. Farewell; adieu; ceremony of departure; a formal parting of friends; used chiefly in the phrase to take leave. Acts 18."], "leaved": ["LE'AVED, a. from leaf; but leafed would be preferable.", "1. Furnished with foliage or leaves.", "2. Having a leaf, or made with leaves or folds; as a two-leaved gate."], "leaves": ["LEAVES, n. plu. of leaf."], "leaving": ["LE'AVING, ppr. Quitting; withdrawing from; relinquishing; suffering to remain; ceasing; desisting from."], "leavings": ["LE'AVINGS, n. plu.", "1. Things left; remnant; relics.", "The leavings of Pharsalia.", "2. Refuse; offal."], "leaven": ["LEAVEN, n. lev'n. L. levo, Eng. to lift.", "1. A mass of sour dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough or paste, produces fermentation in it and renders it light. During the seven days of the passover, no leaven was permitted to be in the houses of the Jews. Ex. 12.", "2. Any thing which makes a general change in the mass. It generally means something which corrupts or depraves that with which it is mixed.", "Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees.", "Matt. 16.", "LEAVEN, v.t. lev'n.", "1. To excite fermentation in; to raise and make light, as dough or paste.", "A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. 1Cor. 5.", "2. to taint; to imbue."], "leavened": ["LEAVENED, pp. lev'ened. Taised and made light by fermentation."], "leavening": ["LEAVENING, ppr. lev'ening. Making light by fermentation.", "LEAVENING, n. lev'ening. that which leavens or makes light."], "leavenous": ["LEAVENOUS, a. lev'enous. containing leaven; tainted."], "led": ["LED, pret. and pp. of lead."], "ledge": ["LEDGE, n.", "1. A stratum, layer or row.", "The lowest ledge or row should be merely of stone.", "2. A ridge; a prominent row; as a ledge of rocks.", "3. A prominent part; a regular part rising or projecting beyond the rest.", "4. A small molding.", "5. A small piece of timber placed athwart ships, under the deck between the beams.", "6. A long ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea."], "lee": ["LEE, n. plu. less. Dregs; sediment. See Lees.", "LEE, n.", "Literally, a calm or sheltered place, a place defended from the wind; hence, that part of the hemisphers towards which the wind blows, as opposed to that from which it proceeds.", "Under the lee, denotes properly, in the part defended from the wind.", "Under the lee of the land, is properly, near the shore which breaks the force of the wind.", "Under the lee of a ship, on the side opposite to that on which the wind blows.", "LEE, v.i. To lie. Not used. See Lie."], "lees": ["LEES, n.", "The grosser parts of any liquor which have settled on the bottom of a vessel; dregs; sediment; as the lees of wine."], "leek": ["LEEK, n.", "A plant of the genus Allium, with a bulbous root. Numb. 11."], "left": ["LEFT, pret. and pp. of leave.", "LEFT, a. L. lavus; Gr. probably from the root of leave, Gr. and properly weak, deficient. Applied to the hand or arm, it denotes the weak arm, as opposed to the right, the strong or dextrous. Hence the ancient idea of sinister, unfortunate, attached to the left arm or side.", "1. Denoting the part opposed to the right of the body; as the left hand, arm or side. Hence, the noun being omitted, we say, on the left, that is, on the left side or wing, as of an army.", "2. The left bank of a river, is that which is on the left hand of a person whose face is towards the mouth of the river."], "leg": ["LEG, n.", "1. The limb of an animal, used in supporting the body and in walking and running; properly, that part of the limb from the knee to the foot, but in a more general sense, the whole limb, including the thigh, the leg and the foot.", "2. The long or slender support of any thing; as the leg of a table.", "To make a leg, to bow; a phrase introduced probably by the practice of drawing the right leg backward. Little used.", "To stand on one's own legs, to support one's self; to trust to one's own strength or efforts without aid."], "legged": ["LEG'GED, a. from leg. Having legs; used in composition; as a two-legged animal."], "legion": ["LE'GION, n. L. legio, from lego, to collect.", "1. In Roman antiquity, a body of infantry consisting of different numbers of men at different periods, from three to five thousand. Each legion was divided into ten cohorts, each cohort into ten companies, and each company into two centuries.", "2. A military force; military bands.", "3. A great number.", "Where one sin has entered, legions will force their way through the same breach.", "My name is legion, for we are many. Mark 5."], "leisurable": ["LEIS'URABLE, a. s as z. See Leisure. Vacant of employment; not occupied; as leisurable hours. Little used."], "leisurably": ["LEIS'URABLY, adv. At leisure; without hurry. Little used."], "leisure": ["LEISURE, n. lezh'ur or lee'zhur.", "1. Freedom from occupation or business; vacant time; time free from employment.", "The desire of leisure is much more natural than of business and care.", "I shall leave with him that rebuke to be considered at his leisure.", "2. Convenience of time.", "He sigh'd, and had no leisure more to say. Not used."], "leisurely": ["LEIS'URELY, a. Done at leisure; not hasty; deliberate; slow; as a leisurely walk or march; a leisurely survey of life.", "LEIS'URELY, adv. Not in haste or hurry; slowly; at leisure; deliberately.", "We descended very leisurely, by friend being careful to count the steps."], "lend": ["LEND, v.t. pret. and pp. lent.", "1. To grant to another for temporary use, on the express or implied condition that the thing shall be returned; as, to lend a book; or", "2. To grant a thing to be used, on the condition that its equivalent in kind shall be returned; as, to lend a sum of money, or a loaf of bread.", "3. To afford; to grant; to furnish, in general; as, to lend assistance; to lend an ear to a discourse.", "Cato, lend me for a while they patience.", "4. To grant for temporary use, on condition of receiving a compensation at certain periods for the use of the thing, and an ultimate return of the thing, or its full value. Thus money is lent on condition of receiving interest for the use, and of having the principal sum returned at the stipulated time. Lend is correlative to borrow.", "5. To permit to use for another's benefit. A lent his name to obtain money from the bank.", "6. To let for hire or compensation; as, to lend a horse or gig. This sense is used by Paley, and probably may be common in England. But in the United States, I believe, the word is never thus used, except in reference to money. We lend money upon interest, but never lend a coach or horse for a compensation. We use let."], "lending": ["LEND'ING, ppr. Granting for temporary use. See Lend.", "LEND'ING, n.", "1. The act of loaning.", "2. That which is lent or furnished."], "lends": ["LENDS, n. Loins. Not in use."], "lender": ["LEND'ER, n.", "1. One who lends.", "The borrower is servant to the lender. Prov. 22.", "2. One who makes a trade of putting money to interest."], "length": ["LENGTH, n.", "1. The extent of anything material from end to end; the longest line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its sides; as the length of a church or of a ship; the length of a rope or line.", "2. Extent; extension.", "Stretch'd at his length he spurns the swarthy ground.", "3. A certain extent; a portion of space; with a plural.", "Large lengths of seas and shores -", "4. Space of time; duration, indefinitely; as a great length of time. What length of time will this enterprise require for its accomplishment?", "5. Long duration.", "May heaven, great monarch, still augment your bliss, with length of days, and every day like this.", "6. Reach or extent; as, to pursue a subject to a great length.", "7. Extent; as the length of a discourse, essay, or argument.", "8. Distance.", "He had marched to the length of Exeter.", "Unusual and inelegant.", "1. At length, at or in the full extent. Let the name be inserted at length.", "2. At last; at the end or conclusion.", "LENGTH, v.t. To extend. Not used."], "lengthful": ["LENGTH'FUL, a. Of great length in measure."], "lengthen": ["LENGTH'EN, v.t. length'n.", "1. To extend in length; to make longer; to elongate; as, to lengthen a line.", "2. To draw out or extend in time; to protract; to continue in duration; as, to lengthen life. The days lengthen from December to June.", "3. To extend; as, to lengthen a discourse or a dissertation.", "4. To draw out in pronunciation; as, to lengthen a sound or a syllable. This verb is often followed by out, which may be sometimes emphatical, but in general is useless.", "What if I please to lengthen out his date?", "LENGTH'EN, v.i. To grow longer; to extend in length. A hempen rope contracts when wet, and lengthens when dry."], "lengthened": ["LENGTH'ENED, pp. Made longer; drawn out in length; continued in duration."], "lengthening": ["LENGTH'ENING, ppr. Making longer; extending in length or in duration.", "LENGTH'ENING, n. Continuation; protraction. Dan 4."], "lent": ["LENT, pp. of lend.", "LENT, n.", "The quadragesimal fast, or fast of forty days observed by the christian church before Easter, the festival of our Savior's resurrection. It begins at Ash Wednesday, and continues till Easter."], "lentil": ["LEN'TIL, n. L. lens. A plant of the genus Ervum. It is an annual plant, rising with weak stalks about 18 inches. The seeds, which are contained in a pod, are round, flat, and a little convex in the middle. It is cultivated for fodder, and for its seeds."], "leopard": ["LEOPARD, n. lep'ard. L. leo, lion, and pardus, pard. Gr. from Heb. to separate, that is, spotted, broken into spots.", "A rapacious quadruped of the genus Felis. It differs from the panther and the once in the beauty of its color, which is of a lively yellow, with smaller spots than those of the two latter, and disposed in groups. It is larger than the once and less than the panther. This animal is found in Africa and Asia, and so rapacious as to spare neither man nor beast."], "leper": ["LEP'ER, n. L. lepra, leprosy. Gr. A person affected with leprosy."], "leprosy": ["LEP'ROSY, n. See Leper. A foul cutaneous disease, appearing in dry, white, thin, scurfy scabs, attended with violent itching. It sometimes covers the whole body, rarely the face. One species of it is called elephantiasis.", "The term leprosy is applied to two very distinct diseases, the scaly and the tuberculated, or the proper leprosy and the elephantiasis. The former is characterized by smooth laminated scales, sometimes livid, but usually whitish; in the latter, the skin is thickened, livid and tuberculated. It is called the black leprosy, but this term is also applied to the livid variety of the scaly leprosy."], "leprous": ["LEP'ROUS, a. See Leper. Infected with leprosy; covered with white scales.", "His hand was leprous as snow. Ex. 4."], "leprously": ["LEP'ROUSLY, adv. In an infectious degree."], "less": ["LESS, for unless. Not in use.", "LESS, A terminating syllable of many nouns and some adjectives. Hence it is a privative word, denoting destitution; as a witless man, a man destitute of wit; childless, without children; fatherless; faithless; penniless; lawless, &c.", "LESS, a. Smaller; not so large or great; as a less quantity or number; a horse of less size or value. We are all destined to suffer affliction in a greater or less degree.", "LESS, adv. Not so much; in a smaller or lower degree; as less bright or loud; less beautiful; less obliging; less careful. The less a man praises himself, the more disposed are others to praise him.", "LESS, n.", "1. Not so much.", "They gathered some more, some less. Ex. 16.", "2. An inferior.", "The less is blessed by the better. Heb. 7.", "LESS, v.t. To make less. Not in use."], "lesser": ["LESS'ER, a. This word is a corruption; but too well established to be discarded.", "Less; smaller. Authors always write the Lesser Asia.", "By the same reason, may a man in a state of nature, punish the lesser breaches of that law.", "God made the lesser light to rule the night. Gen. 1."], "lest": ["LEST, con. That not; for fear that.", "Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. Gen. 3.", "The phrase may be thus explained. Ye shall not touch it; that separated or dismissed, ye die. That here refers to the preceding command or sentence; that being removed or not observed, the fact being not so, ye will die.", "Sin no more, lest a worse thing come to thee. John 5.", "Sin no more; that fact not taking place, a worse thing will happen to thee."], "let": ["LET, v.t. pret. and pp. let. Letted is obsolete. To let out, like L. elocare, is to lease.", "1. To permit; to allow; to suffer; to give leave or power by a positive act, or negatively, to withhold restraint; not to prevent. A leaky ship lets water enter into the hold. Let is followed by the infinitive without the sign to.", "Pharaoh said, I will let you go. Ex. 8.", "When the ship was caught and could not bear up into the wind, we let her drive. Acts 27.", "2. To lease; to grant possession and use for a compensation; as, to let to farm; to let an estate for a year; to let a room to lodgers; often followed by out, as, to let out a farm; but the use of out is unnecessary.", "3. To suffer; to permit; with the usual sign of the infinitive.", "There's a letter for you, Sir, if your name be Horatio, as I am let to know it is. Not used.", "4. In the imperative mode, let has the following uses. Followed by the first and third persons, it expresses desire or wish; hence it is used in prayer and entreaty to superiors, and to those who have us in their power; as, let me not wander from thy commandments. Ps. 119.", "Followed by the first person plural, let expresses exhortation or entreaty; as, rise, let us go.", "Followed by the third person, it implies permission or command addressed to an inferior. Let him go, let them remain, are commands addressed to the second person. Let thou, or let ye, that is, do thou or you permit him to go.", "Sometimes let is used to express a command or injunction to a third person. When the signal is given to engage, let every man do his duty.", "When applied to things not rational, it implies allowance or concession.", "O'er golden sands let rich Pactolus flow.", "5. To retard; to hinder; to impede; to interpose obstructions. 2Thess. 2.", "This sense is now obsolete, or nearly so.", "To let alone, to leave; to suffer to remain without intermeddling; as, let alone this idle project; let me alone.", "To let down, to permit to sink or fall; to lower.", "She let them down by a cord through the window. Josh. 2.", "To let loose, to free from restraint; to permit to wander at large.", "To let in or into, to permit or suffer to enter; to admit. Open the door, let in my friend. We are not let into the secrets of the cabinet.", "To let blood, to open a vein and suffer the blood to flow out.", "To let out, to suffer to escape; also, to lease or let to hire.", "To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as an arrow; or cause to explode, as a gun.", "LET, v.i. To forbear. Obs.", "LET, n. A retarding; hinderance; obstacle; impediment; delay. Obsolete, unless in some technical phrases.", "LET, a termination of diminutives; as hamlet, a little house; rivulet, a small stream. See Little."], "letter": ["LET'TER, n. from let.", "1. One who permits.", "2. One who retards or hinders.", "3. One who gives vent; as a blood-letter.", "LET'TER, n. L. litera.", "1. A mark or character, written, printed, engraved or painted; used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech. By sounds, and articulations or closures of the organs, are formed syllables and words. Hence a letter is the first element of written language, as a simple sound is the first element of spoken language or speech. As sounds are audible and communicate ideas to others by the ear, so letters are visible representatives of sounds, and communicate the thoughts of others by means of the eye.", "2. A written or printed message; an epistle; a communication made by visible characters from one person to another at a distance.", "The style of letters ought to be free, easy and natural.", "3. The verbal expression; the literal meaning.", "We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law, and the intentions of the lawgiver.", "4. Type; a charter formed of metal or wood, usually of metal, and used in printing books.", "5. Letters, in the plural, learning; erudition; as a man of letters.", "Dead letter, a writing or precept, which is without authority or force. The best law may become a dead letter.", "Letter of attorney, a writing by which one person authorizes another to act in his stead.", "Letter of marque, a private ship commissioned or authorized by a government to make reprisals on the ships of another state. See Marque.", "Letters patent, or overt, open, a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as letters patent under the seal of England.", "LET'TER, v.t. To impress or form letters on; as, to letter a book; a book gilt and lettered."], "lettered": ["LET'TERED, pp. Stamped with letters.", "LET'TERED, a.", "1. Literate; educated; versed in literature or science."], "lettering": ["LET'TERING, ppr. Impressing or forming letters on; as lettering a book on the cover."], "leviathan": ["LEVI'ATHAN, n. Heb.", "1. An aquatic animal, described in Job 41, and mentioned in other passages of Scripture. In Isaiah, it is called the crooked serpent. It is not agreed what animal is intended by the writers, whether the crocodile, the whale, or a species of serpent.", "2. The whale, or a great whale."], "levitation": ["LEVITA'TION, n. L. levis, levitas. Lightness; buoyancy; act of making light."], "levite": ["LE'VITE, n. from Levi, one the sons of Jacob.", "One of the tribe or family of Levi; a descendant of Levi; more particularly, an officer in the Jewish church, who was employed in manual service, as in bringing wood and other necessaries for the sacrifices. The Levites also sung and played on instruments of music. They were subordinate to the priests, the descendants of Aaron, who was also of the family of Levi."], "levitical": ["LEVIT'ICAL, a.", "1. Belong to the Levites, or descendants of Levi; as the levitical law, the law given by Moses, which prescribed the duties and rights of the priests and Levites, and regulated the civil and religious concerns of the Jews.", "2. Priestly."], "levitically": ["LEVIT'ICALLY, adv. After the manner of the Levites."], "levy": ["LEV'Y, v.t. L. levo; Eng. to lift.", "1. To raise; to collect. To levy troops, is to enlist or to order men into public service. To levy an army, is to collect troops and form an army by enrollment, conscription or other means.", "2. To raise; to collect by assessment; as, to levy taxes, toll tribute, or contributions.", "To levy war, is to raise or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack.", "To levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring the title to lands or tenements.", "LEV'Y, n.", "1. The act of collecting men for military, or other public service, as by enlistment, enrollment or other means. 1Kings 9.", "2. Troops collected; an army raised. 1Kings 5.", "3. The act of collecting money for public use by tax or other imposition.", "4. War raised. Not in use."], "lewd": ["LEWD, a. Heb.", "1. Given to the unlawful indulgence of lust; addicted to fornication or adultery; dissolute; lustful; libidinous.", "Ezek. 23.", "2. Proceeding from unlawful lust; as lewd actions.", "3. Wicked; vile; profligate; licentious. Acts 27.", "LEWD, a. L. gnes, from geno. Lay; laical; not clerical. Obs."], "lewdness": ["LEWD'NESS, n.", "1. The unlawful indulgence of lust; fornication, or adultery.", "2. In Scripture, it generally denotes idolatry.", "3. Licentiousness; shamelessness."], "lewdly": ["LEWD'LY, adv.", "1. With the unlawful indulgence of lust; lustfully.", "2. Wickedly; wantonly."], "liar": ["LIA'R, n. from lie.", "1. A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who declares to another as a fact what he knows to be not true, and with an intention to deceive him. The uttering of falsehood by mistake, and without an intention to deceive, does not constitute one a liar.", "2. One who denies Christ. 1John 2."], "liberal": ["LIB'ERAL, a. L. liberalis, from liber, free. See Libe.", "1. Of a free heart; free to give or bestow; not close or contracted; munificent; bountiful; generous; giving largely; as a liberal donor; the liberal founders of a college or hospital. It expresses less than profuse or extravagant.", "2. Generous; ample; large; as a liberal donation; a liberal allowance.", "3. Not selfish, narrow on contracted; catholic; enlarged; embracing other interests than one's own; as liberal sentiments or views; a liberal mind; liberal policy.", "4. General; extensive; embracing literature and the sciences generally; as a liberal education. This phrase is often but not necessarily synonymous with collegiate; as a collegiate education.", "5. Free; open; candid; as a liberal communication of thoughts.", "6. Large; profuse; as a liberal discharge of matter by secretions or excretions.", "7. Free; not literal or strict; as a liberal construction of law.", "8. Not mean; not low in birth or mind.", "9. Licentious; free to excess.", "Liberal arts, as distinguished from mechanical arts, are such as depend more on the exertion of the mind than on the labor of the hands, and regard amusement, curiosity or intellectual improvement, rather than the necessity of subsistence, or manual skill. Such are grammar, rhetoric, painting, sculpture, architecture, music. &c.", "Liberal has of before the thing bestowed, and to before the person or object on which any thing is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure; liberal to the poor."], "liberality": ["LIBERAL'ITY, n. L. liberalitas. See Liberal.", "1. Munificence; bounty.", "That liberality is but cast away, which makes us borrow what we cannot pay.", "2. A particular act of generosity; a donation; a gratuity. In this sense, it has the plural number. A prudent man is not impoverished by his liberalities.", "3. Largeness of mind; catholicism; that comprehensiveness of mind which includes other interests beside its own, and duly estimates in its decisions the value or importance of each. It is evidence of a noble mind to judge of men and things with liberality.", "Many treat the gospel with indifference under the name of liberality.", "4. Candor; impartiality."], "liberalize": ["LIB'ERALIZE, v.t. To render liberal or catholic; to enlarge; to free from narrow views or prejudices; as, to liberalize the mind."], "liberalized": ["LIB'ERALIZED, pp. Freed from narrow views and prejudices; made liberal."], "liberalizing": ["LIB'ERALIZING, ppr. Rendering liberal; divesting of narrow views and prejudices."], "liberally": ["LIB'ERALLY, adv.", "1. Bountifully; freely; largely; with munificence.", "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not. James 1.", "2. With generous and impartial regard to other interests than our own; with enlarged views; without selfishness or meanness; as, to think or judge liberally of men and their actions.", "3. Freely; not strictly; not literally."], "liberate": ["LIB'ERATE, v.t. L. libero, from liber, free.", "1. To free; to release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; as, to liberate one from duress or imprisonment; to liberate the mind from the shackles of prejudice.", "2. To manumit; as, to liberate a slave."], "liberated": ["LIB'ERATED, pp. Freed; released from confinement, restraint or slavery; manumitted."], "liberating": ["LIB'ERATING, ppr. Delivering from restraint or slavery."], "liberation": ["LIBERA'TION, n. L. liberatio. The act of delivering from restraint, confinement or slavery."], "liberator": ["LIB'ERATOR, n. One who liberates or delivers."], "libertine": ["LIB'ERTINE, n. L. libertinus, from liber, free.", "1. Among the Romans, a freedman; a person manumitted or set free from legal servitude.", "2. One unconfined; one free from restraint.", "3. A man who lives without restraint of the animal passion; one who indulges his lust without restraint; one who leads a dissolute, licentious life; a rake; a debauchee.", "LIB'ERTINE, a. Licentious; dissolute; not under the restraint of law or religion; as libertine principles; a libertine life."], "libertinism": ["LIB'ERTINISM, n.", "1. State of a freedman. Little used.", "2. Licentiousness of opinion and practice; an unrestrained indulgence of lust; debauchery; lewdness."], "liberty": ["LIB'ERTY, n. L. libertas, from liber, free.", "1. Freedom from restraint, in a general sense, and applicable to the body, or to the will or mind. The body is at liberty, when not confined; the will or mind is at liberty, when not checked or controlled. A man enjoys liberty, when no physical force operates to restrain his actions or volitions.", "2. Natural liberty, consists in the power of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or control, except from the laws of nature. It is a state of exemption from the control of others, and from positive laws and the institutions of social life. This liberty is abridged by the establishment of government.", "3. Civil liberty, is the liberty of men in a state of society, or natural liberty, so far only abridged and restrained, as is necessary and expedient for the safety and interest of the society, state or nation. A restraint of natural liberty, not necessary or expedient for the public, is tyranny or oppression. civil liberty is an exemption from the arbitrary will of others, which exemption is secured by established laws, which restrain every man from injuring or controlling another. Hence the restraints of law are essential to civil liberty.", "The liberty of one depends not so much on the removal of all restraint from him, as on the due restraint upon the liberty of others.", "In this sentence, the latter word liberty denotes natural liberty.", "4. Political liberty, is sometimes used as synonymous with civil liberty. But it more properly designates the liberty of a nation, the freedom of a nation or state from all unjust abridgment of its rights and independence by another nation. Hence we often speak of the political liberties of Europe, or the nations of Europe.", "5. Religious liberty, is the free right of adopting and enjoying opinions on religious subjects, and of worshiping the Supreme Being according to the dictates of conscience, without external control.", "6. Liberty, in metaphysics, as opposed to necessity, is the power of an agent to do or forbear any particular action, according to the determination or thought of the mind, by which either is preferred to the other.", "Freedom of the will; exemption from compulsion or restraint in willing or volition.", "7. Privilege; exemption; immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant; with a plural. Thus we speak of the liberties of the commercial cities of Europe.", "8. Leave; permission granted. The witness obtained liberty to leave the court.", "9. A space in which one is permitted to pass without restraint, and beyond which he may not lawfully pass; with a plural; as the liberties of a prison.", "10. Freedom of action or speech beyond the ordinary bounds of civility or decorum. Females should repel all improper liberties.", "To take the liberty to do or say any thing, to use freedom not specially granted.", "To set at liberty, to deliver from confinement; to release from restraint.", "To be at liberty, to be free from restraint.", "Liberty of the press, is freedom from any restriction on the power to publish books; the free power of publishing what one pleases, subject only to punishment for abusing the privilege, or publishing what is mischievous to the public or injurious to individuals."], "lice": ["LICE, plu of louse."], "lick": ["LICK, v.t. L. lingo; Gr. See Like and Sleek.", "1. To pass or draw the tongue over the surface; as, a dog licks a wound.", "2. To lap; to take in by the tongue; as, a dog or cat licks milk. 1Kings 21.", "To lick up, to devour; to consume entirely.", "Now shall this company lick up all that are round about us, as an ox licketh up the grass of the field. Numbers 22.", "To lick the dust, to be slain; to perish in battle.", "His enemies shall lick the dust. Ps. 72.", "LICK, n. In America, a place where beasts of the forest lick for salt, at salt springs.", "LICK, n.", "1. A blow; a stroke. Not an elegant word.", "2. A wash; something rubbed on. Not in use.", "LICK, v.t. To strike repeatedly for punishment; to flog; to chastise with blows. Not an elegant word; but probably flog, L. fligo, is from the root of this word."], "lid": ["LID. n. L. claudo, cludo; Gr.; Heb.", "A cover; that which shuts the opening of a vessel or box; as the lid of a chest or trunk; also, the cover of the eye, the membrane which is drawn over the eyeball of an animal at pleasure, and which is intended for its protection; the eyelid."], "lie": ["LIE, water impregnated with alkaline salt, is written lye, to distinguish it from lie, a falsehood.", "LIE, n.", "1. A criminal falsehood; a falsehood uttered for the purpose of deception; an intentional violation of truth. Fiction, or a false statement or representation, not intended to deceive, mislead or injure, as in fables, parables and the like, is not a lie.", "It is willful deceit that makes a lie. A man may act a lie, as by pointing his finger in a wrong direction, when a traveler inquires of him his road.", "2. A fiction; in a ludicrous sense.", "3. False doctrine. 1John 2.", "4. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false god. Romans 1.", "5. That which deceives and disappoints confidence.", "Micah 1.", "To give the lie, to charge with falsehood. A man's actions may give the lie to his words.", "LIE, v.i.", "1. To utter falsehood with an intention to deceive, or with an immoral design.", "Thou hast not lied to men, but to God. Acts 5.", "2. To exhibit a false representation; to say or do that which deceives another, when he has a right to know the truth, or when morality requires a just representation.", "LIE, v.i. pret. lay; pp. lain, lien, obs. The Gr. word usually signifies to speak, which is to utter or throw out sounds. Hence to lie down is to throw one's self down, and probably lie and lay are of one family, as are jacio and jacceo, in Latin.", "1. To be in a horizontal position, or nearly so, and to rest on any thing lengthwise, and not on the end. Thus a person lies on a bed, and a fallen tree on the ground. A cask stands on its end, but lies on its side.", "2. To rest in an inclining posture; to lean; as, to lie on or against a column.", "3. To rest; to press on.", "4. To be reposited in the grave.", "All the kings of the earth, even all of them, lie in glory.", "Is. 14.", "5. To rest on a bed or couch; to be prostrate; as, to lie sick.", "My little daughter lieth at the point of death. Mark 5.", "6. To be situated. New Haven lies in the forty second degree of north latitude. Ireland lies west of England.", "Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances.", "7. To be; to rest; to abide; to remain; often followed by some word denoting a particular condition; as, to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hid; to lie pining or grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of a creditor, or at the mercy of the waves.", "8. To consist.", "He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labor, forgets the early rising of the huntsman.", "9. To be sustainable in law; to be capable of being maintained. An action lies against the tenant for waste.", "An appeal lies in this case.", "To lie at, to tease or importune. Little used.", "To lie at the heart, to be fixed as an object of affection or anxious desire.", "1. To lie by, to be reposited, or remaining with. He has the manuscript lying by him.", "2. To rest; to intermit labor. We lay by during the heat of the day.", "To lie in the way, to be an obstacle or impediment. Remove the objections that lie in the way of an amicable adjustment.", "To lie hard or heavy, to press; to oppress; to burden.", "To lie on hand, to be or remain in possession; to remain unsold or undisposed of.", "Great quantities of wine lie on hand, or have lain long on hand.", "To lie on the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed; to be tedious. Men are sometimes at a loss to know how to employ the time that lies on their hands.", "To lie on the head, to be imputed.", "What he gets more of her than sharp words, let it lie on my head.", "To lie in wait, to wait for in concealment; to lie in ambush; to watch for an opportunity to attack or seize.", "To lie in one, to be in the power of; to belong to.", "As much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.", "Romans 41.", "To lie down, to lay the body on the ground or other level place; also, to go to rest.", "To lie in, to be in childbed; to bring forth young.", "To lie under, to be subject to; to suffer; to be oppressed by.", "To lie on or upon, to be a matter of obligation or duty. It lies on the plaintiff to maintain his action.", "1. To lie with, to lodge or sleep with; also, to have carnal knowledge of.", "2. To belong to. It lies with you to make amends.", "To lie over, to remain unpaid, after the time when payment is due; as a note in bank.", "To lie to, to be stationary, as a ship."], "lien": ["LIEN, the obsolete participle of lie. See Lain.", "LIEN, n. supra. A legal claim; as a lien upon land."], "lier": ["LIER, n. from lie. One who lies down; one who rests or remains; as a lier in wait or in ambush. Josh. 8."], "lieutenancy": ["LIEUTENANCY, n. luten'ancy. See Lieutenant.", "1. The office or commission of a lieutenant.", "2. The body of lieutenants."], "lieutenant": ["LIEUTENANT, n. luten'ant. L. tenens, holding.", "1. An officer who supplies the place of a superior in his absence. Officers of this kind are civil, as the lord-lieutenant of a kingdom or county; or military, as a lieutenant general, a lieutenant colonel.", "2. In military affairs, the second commissioned officer in a company of infantry cavalry or artillery.", "3. In ships of war, the officer next in rank to the captain."], "life": ["LIFE, n. plu lives. See Live.", "1. In a general sense, that state of animals and plants, or of an organized being, in which its natural functions and motions are performed, or in which its organs are capable of performing their functions. A tree is not destitute of life in winter, when the functions of its organs are suspended; nor man during a swoon or syncope; nor strictly birds, quadrupeds or serpents during their torpitude in winter. They are not strictly dead, till the functions of their organs are incapable of being renewed.", "2. In animals, animation; vitality; and in man, that state of being in which the soul and body are united.", "He entreated me not to take his life.", "3. In plants, the state in which they grow or are capable of growth, by means of the circulation of the sap. The life of an oak may be two, three, or four hundred years.", "4. The present state of existence; the time from birth to death. The life of man seldom exceeds seventy years.", "If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable. 1Cor. 15.", "5. Manner of living; conduct; deportment, in regard to morals.", "I will teach my family to lead good lives.", "6. Condition; course of living, in regard to happiness and misery. We say, a man's life has been a series of prosperity, or misfortune.", "7. Blood, the supposed vehicle of animation.", "And the warm life came issuing through the wound.", "8. Animals in general; animal being.", "Full nature swarms with life.", "9. System of animal nature.", "Lives through all life.", "10. Spirit; animation; briskness; vivacity; resolution.", "They have no notion of life and fire in fancy and words.", "11. The living form; real person or state; in opposition to a copy; as, a picture is taken from the life; a description from the life.", "12. Exact resemblance; with to, before life.", "His portrait is draw to the life.", "13. General state of man, or of social manners; as the studies and arts that polish life.", "14. Condition; rank in society; as high life and low life.", "15.Common occurrences; course of things; human affairs.", "But to know that which before us lies in daily life, is the prime wisdom.", "16. A person; a living being; usually or always, a human being. How many lives were sacrificed during the revolution?", "17. Narrative of a past life; history of the events of life; biographical narration. Johnson wrote the life of Milton, and the lives of other poets.", "18. In Scripture, nourishment; support of life.", "For the tree of the field is man's life. Deut. 20.", "19. The stomach or appetite.", "His life abhorreth bread. Job. 33.", "20. The enjoyments or blessings of the present life.", "Having the promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come. 1Tim. 4.", "21. Supreme felicity.", "To be spiritually minded is life and peace. Romans 8.", "22. Eternal happiness in heaven. Romans 5.", "23. Restoration to life. Romans 5.", "24. The author and giver of supreme felicity.", "I am the way, the truth, and the life. John 14.", "25. A quickening, animating and strengthening principle, in a moral sense. John 6.", "26. The state of being in force, or the term for which an instrument has legal operation; as the life of an execution."], "lifetime": ["LI'FETIME, n. The time that life continues; duration of life."], "lift": ["LIFT, v.t. We retain this sense in shoplifter. L. levo, elevo.", "1. To raise; to elevate; as, to lift the foot or the hand; to lift the head.", "2. To raise; to elevate mentally.", "To thee, O Lord, do I lift up my soul. Ps. 25.", "3. To raise in fortune.", "The eye of the Lord lifted up his head from misery.", "4. To raise in estimation, dignity or rank. His fortune has lifted him into notice, or into office.", "The Roman virtues lift up mortal man.", "5. To elate; to cause to swell, as with pride. Up is often used after lift, as a qualifying word; sometimes with effect or emphasis; very often, however, it is useless.", "6. To bear; to support.", "7. To steal, that is, to take and carry away. Hence we retain the use of shoplifter, although the verb in this sense is obsolete.", "8. In Scripture, to crucify.", "When ye have lifted up the Son of man. John 8.", "1. To lift up the eyes, to look; to fix the eyes on.", "Lot lifted up his eyes and beheld Jordan. Gen. 13.", "2. To direct the desires to God in prayer. Ps. 121.", "1. To lift up the head, to raise from a low condition; to exalt. Gen. 40.", "2. To rejoice. Luke 21.", "1. To lift up the hand, to swear, or to confirm by oath. Gen. 14.", "2. To raise the hands in prayer. Ps. 28.", "3. To rise in opposition to; to rebel; to assault.", "2Sam. 18.", "4. To injure or oppress. Job. 31.", "5. To shake off sloth and engage in duty. Heb. 41.", "To lift up the face, to look to with confidence, cheerfulness and comfort. Job. 22.", "To lift up the face, to look to with confidence, cheerfulness and comfort. Job. 22.", "To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence and contempt.", "To lift up the horn, to behave arrogantly or scornfully. Ps. 75.", "To lift up the feet, to come speedily to one's relief.", "Ps. 74.", "To lift up the voice, to cry aloud; to call out, either in grief or joy. Gen. 21. Is. 24.", "LIFT, v.i.", "1. To try to raise; to exert the strength for the purpose of raising or bearing.", "The body strained by lifting at a weight too heavy -", "2. To practice theft. Obs.", "LIFT, n.", "1. The act of raising; a lifting; as the lift of the feet in walking or running.", "The goat gives the fox a lift.", "2. An effort to raise; as, give us a lift. Popular use.", "3. That which is to be raised.", "4. A dead lift, an ineffectual effort to raise; or the thing which the strength is not sufficient to raise.", "5. Any thing to be done which exceeds the strength; or a state of inability; as, to help one at a dead lift.", "6. A rise; a degree of elevation; as the lift of a lock in canals.", "7. In Scottish, the sky; the atmosphere; the firmament.", "8. In seamen's language, a rope descending from the cap and mast-head to the extremity of a yard. Its use is to support the yard, keep it in equilibrio, and raise the end, when occasion requires."], "lifted": ["LIFT'ED, pp. Raised; elevated; swelled with pride."], "lifting": ["LIFT'ING, ppr. Raising; swelling with pride.", "LIFT'ING, n. The act of lifting; assistance."], "lifter": ["LIFT'ER, n. One that lifts or raises."], "light": ["LIGHT, n. lite. L. lux, light and luceo, to shine. Eng. luck, both in elements and radical sense.", "1. That ethereal agent or matter which makes objects perceptible to the sense of seeing, but the particles of which are separately invisible. It is now generally believed that light is a fluid, or real matter, existing independent of other substances, with properties peculiar to itself. Its velocity is astonishing, as it passes through a space of nearly twelve millions of miles in a minute. Light, when decomposed, is found to consist of rays differently colored; as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The sun is the principal source of light in the solar system; but light is also emitted from bodies ignited, or in combustion, and is reflected from enlightened bodies, as the moon. Light is also emitted from certain putrefying substances. It is usually united with heat, but it exists also independent of it.", "2. That flood of luminous rays which flows from the sun and constitutes day.", "God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. Gen. 1.", "3. Day; the dawn of day.", "The murderer rising with the light, killeth the poor and needy. Job. 24.", "4. Life.", "O, spring to light, auspicious babe, be born!", "5. Any thing that gives light; as a lamp, candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c.", "Then he called for a light, and sprang in - Act. 16.", "I have set thee to be a light to the Gentiles. Acts 13.", "And God made two great lights. Gen. 1.", "6. The illuminated part of a picture; the part which lies open to the luminary by which the piece is supposed to be enlightened, and is painted in vivid colors; opposed to shade.", "7. Illumination of mind; instruction; knowledge.", "I opened Ariosto in Italian, and the very first two lines gave me light to all I could desire.", "Light, understanding and wisdom - was found in him. Dan. 5.", "8. Means of knowing. By using such lights as we have, we may arrive at probability, if not at certainty.", "9. Open view; a visible state; a state of being seen by the eye, or perceived, understood or known. Further researches will doubtless bring to light many isles yet undiscovered; further experiments will bring to light properties of matter yet unknown.", "10. Public view or notice.", "Why am I ask'd what next shall see the light?", "11. Explanation; illustration; means of understanding. One part of Scripture throws light on another.", "12. Point of view; situation to be seen or viewed; a use of the word taken from painting. It is useful to exhibit a subject in a variety of lights. Let every thought be presented in a strong light. In whatever light we view this event, it must be considered an evil.", "13. A window; a place that admits light to enter.", "1Kings 7.", "14. A pane of glass; as a window with twelve lights.", "15. In Scripture, God, the source of knowledge.", "God is light. 1John 1.", "16. Christ.", "That was the true light, that lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John 1.", "17. Joy; comfort; felicity.", "Light is sown for the righteous. Ps. 97.", "18. Saving knowledge.", "It is because there is no light in them. Is. 8.", "19. Prosperity; happiness.", "Then shall thy light break forth as the morning. Is.58.", "20. Support; comfort; deliverance. Mic. 7.", "21. The gospel. Matt. 4.", "22. The understanding or judgment. Matt. 6.", "23. The gifts and graces of christians. Matt. 5.", "24. A moral instructor, as John the Baptist. John 5.", "25. A true christian, a person enlightened. Eph. 5.", "26. A good king, the guide of his people. Sam. 21.", "The light of the countenance, favor; smiles. Ps. 4.", "To stand in one's own light, to be the means of preventing good, or frustrating one's own purposes.", "To come to light, to be detected; to be discovered or found.", "LIGHT, a. lite.", "1. Bright; clear; not dark or obscure; as, the morning is light; the apartment is light.", "2. In colors, white or whitish; as a light color; a light brown; a light complexion.", "LIGHT, a. lite.", "1. Having little weight; not tending to the center of gravity with force; not heavy. A feather is light, compared with lead or silver; but a thing is light only comparatively. That which is light to a man, may be heavy to a child. A light burden for a camel, may be insupportable to a horse.", "2. Not burdensome; easy to be lifted, borne or carried by physical strength; as a light burden, weight or load.", "3. Not oppressive; easy to be suffered or endured; as a light affliction. 2Cor. 4.", "4. Easy to be performed; not difficult; not requiring great strength or exertion. The task is light; the work is light.", "5. Easy to be digested; not oppressive to the stomach; as light food. It may signify also, contained little nutriment.", "6. Not heavily armed, or armed with light weapons; as light troops; a troop of light horse.", "7. Active; swift; nimble.", "Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. Sam. 2.", "8. Not encumbered; unembarrassed; clear of impediments.", "Unmarried men are best masters, but not best subjects; for they are light to run away.", "9. Not laden; not deeply laden; not sufficiently ballasted. The ship returned light.", "10. Slight; trifling; not important; as a light error.", "11. Not dense; not gross; as light vapors; light fumes.", "12. Small; inconsiderable; not copious or vehement; as a light rain; a light snow.", "13. Not strong; not violent; moderate; as a light wind.", "14. Easy to admit influence; inconsiderate; easily influenced by trifling considerations; unsteady; unsettled; volatile; as a light, vain person; a light mind.", "There is no greater argument of a light and inconsiderate person, than profanely to scoff at religion.", "15. Gay; airy; indulging levity; wanting dignity or solidity; trifling.", "Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light.", "We may neither be light in prayer, now wrathful in debate.", "16. Wanton; unchaste; as a woman of light carriage.", "A light wife doth make a heavy husband.", "17. Not of legal weight; clipped; diminished; as light coin.", "To set light by, to undervalue; to slight; to treat as of no importance; to despise.", "To make light of, to treat as of little consequence; to slight; to disregard.", "LIGHT, v.t. lite.", "1. To kindle; to inflame; to set fire to; as, to light a candle or lamp; sometimes with up; as, to light up an inextinguishable flame. We often hear lit used for lighted as, he lit a candle; but this is inelegant.", "2. To give light to.", "Ah hopeless, lasting flames! like those that burn to light the dead -", "3. To illuminate; to fill or spread over with light; as, to light a room; to light the streets of a city.", "4. To lighten; to ease of a burden. Not in use. See Lighten.", "LIGHT, v.i. lite.", "1. To fall on; to come to by chance; to happen to find; with on.", "A weaker man may sometimes light on notions which had escaped a wiser.", "2. To fall on; to strike.", "They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; neither shall the sun light on them, nor any heat. Rev. 7.", "3. To descend, as from a horse or carriage; with down, off, or from.", "He lighten down from his chariot. 2Kings 5.", "She lighted off the camel. Gen. 24.", "To settle; to rest; to stoop from flight. The bee lights on this flower and that."], "lighted": ["LIGHTED, pp. li'ted. Kindled; set on fire; caused to burn. Lit, for lighted, is inelegant."], "lightness": ["LIGHTNESS, n. li'teness.", "1. Want of weight; levity; the contrary to heaviness; as the lightness of air, compared with water.", "2. Inconstancy; unsteadiness; the quality of mind which disposes it to be influenced by trifling considerations.", "- Such is the lightness of you common men.", "3. Levity; wantonness; lewdness; unchastity.", "4. Agility; nimbleness."], "lights": ["LIGHTS, n. lites. plu. so called from their lightness.", "The lungs; the organs of breathing in animals. These organs in man we call lungs; in other animals, lights."], "lighten": ["LIGHTEN, v.i. li'tn. from light, the fluid.", "1. To flash; to burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with an instantaneous illumination.", "This dreadful night that thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars as doth the lion.", "2. To shine like lightning.", "3. To fall; to light. Obs.", "LIGHTEN, v.t. li'tn.", "1. To dissipate darkness; to fill with light; to spread over with light; to illuminate; to enlighten; as, to lighten an apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets.", "A key of fire ran all along the shore, and lightened all the river with a blaze.", "2. To illuminate with knowledge; in a moral sense.", "A light to lighten the Gentiles. Luke 2.", "3. To free from trouble and fill with joy.", "They looked to him and were lightened. Ps. 34.", "LIGHTEN, v.t. li'tn. from light, not heavy.", "1. To make lighter; to reduce in weight; to make less heavy; as, to lighten a ship by unloading; to lighten a load or burden.", "2. To alleviate; to make less burdensome or afflictive; as, to lighten the cares of life; to lighten the burden of grief.", "3. To cheer; to exhilarate.", "He lightens my humor with his merry jest."], "lighter": ["LIGHTER, n. li'ter.", "1. One that lights; as a lighter of lamps.", "2. A large open flat-bottomed boat, used in loading and unloading ships."], "lightly": ["LIGHTLY, adv. li'tely.", "1. With little weight; as, to tread lightly; to press lightly.", "2. Without deep impression.", "The soft ideas of the cheerful note, lightly received, were easily forgot.", "3. Easily; readily; without difficulty; of course.", "4. Without reason, or for reasons of little weight.", "Flatter not the rich, neither do thou willingly or lightly appear before great personages.", "5. Without dejection; cheerfully.", "Bid that welcome which comes to punish us, and we punish it, seeming to bear it lightly.", "6. Not chastely; wantonly.", "7. Nimbly; with agility; not heavily or tardily.", "He led me lightly o'er the stream.", "8. Gaily; airily; with levity; without heed or care."], "lightning": ["LIGHTNING, n. li'tening. that is, lightening, the participle present of lighten.", "1. A sudden discharge of electricity from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a cloud, or from one cloud to another, that is, from a body positively charged to one negatively charged, producing a vivid flash of light, and usually a loud report, called thunder. Sometimes lightning is a mere instantaneous flash of light without thunder, as heat-lightning, lightning seen by reflection, the flash being beyond the limits of our horizon.", "2. from lighten, to diminish weight. Abatement; alleviation; mitigation."], "ligure": ["LIG'URE, n. A kind of precious stone."], "like": ["LIKE, a. L., Heb., Gr. See Lick and Lickerish.", "1. Equal in quantity, quality or degree; as a territory of like extent with another; men of like excellence.", "More clergymen were impoverished by the late war, than ever in the like space before.", "2. Similar; resembling; having resemblance.", "Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are.", "James 5.", "Why might not other planets have been created for like uses with the earth, each for its own inhabitants?", "Like is usually followed by to or unto, but it is often omitted.", "What city is like unto this great city? Rev. 18.", "I saw three unclean spirits like frogs. Rev. 16.", "Among them all was found none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Dan. 1.", "3. Probably; likely, that is, having the resemblance or appearance of an event; giving reason to expect or believe.", "He is like to die of hunger in the place where he is, for there is no more bread. Jer. 38.", "Many were not easy to be governed, not like to conform themselves to strict rules.", "LIKE, n. elliptically, for like thing, like event, like person.", "1. some person or thing resembling another; an equal. The like lmay never happen again.", "He was a man, take him for all and all, I shall not look upon his like again.", "2. had like, in the phrase, \"he had like to be defeated,\" seems to be a corruption; but perhaps like here is used for resemblance or probability, and has the character of a noun. At any rate, as a phrase, it is authorized by good usage."], "likely": ["LI'KELY, a. that is, like-like.", "1. Probable; that may be rationally though or believed to have taken place in time past, or to be true now or hereafter; such as is more reasonable than the contrary. A likely story, is one which evidence, or the circumstances of the case render probable, and therefore credible.", "2. Such as may be liked; pleasing; as a likely man or woman.", "This use of likely is not obsolete, as Johnson affirms, nor is it vulgar. But the English and their descendants in America differ in the application. The English apply the word to external appearance, and with them, likely is equivalent to handsome, well formed; as a likely man, a likely horse. In America, the word is usually applied to the endowments of the mind, or to pleasing accomplishments. With us, a likely man, is a man of good character and talents, or of good dispositions or accomplishments, that render him pleasing or respectable.", "LI'KELY, adv. Probably.", "While man was innocent, he was likely ignorant of nothing important for him to know."], "likeness": ["LI'KENESS, n.", "1. Resemblance in form; similitude. The picture is a good likeness of the original.", "2. Resemblance; form; external appearance. Guard against an enemy in the likeness of a friend.", "3. One that resembles another; a copy; a counterpart.", "I took you for your likeness, Chloe.", "4. An image, picture or statue, resembling a person or thing. Ex. 20."], "liking": ["LI'KING, ppr. of like.", "1. Approving; being pleased with.", "2. a. Plump; full; of a good appearance. Dan. 1. Obs.", "LI'KING, n.", "1. A good state of body; healthful appearance; plumpness.", "Their young ones are in good liking - Job. 39.", "2. State of trial. Not used.", "3. Inclination; pleasure; as, this is an amusement to your liking.", "4. Delight in; pleasure in; with to.", "He who has no liking to the whole, ought not to censure the parts."], "liken": ["LIKEN, v.t. li'kn.", "To compare; to represent as resembling or similar.", "Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, that built his house on a rock. Matt. 6."], "likened": ["LI'KENED, pp. Compared."], "likening": ["LI'KENING, ppr. Comparing; representing as similar."], "likewise": ["LI'KEWISE, adv. like and wise. In like manner; also; moreover; too.", "For he seeth that wise men die, likewise the fool and the brutish person perish, and leave their wealth to others. Ps. 49."], "lilied": ["LIL'IED, a. Embellished with lilies.", "By sandy Ladon's lilied banks."], "lily": ["LIL'Y, n. L. lilium; Gr. A genus of plants of many species, which are all bulbous-rooted, herbaceous perennials, producing bell-shaped, hexapetalous flowers of great beauty and variety of colors.", "Lily of the valley, a plant of the genus convallaria, with a monopetalous, bell-shaped corol, divided at the top into six segments."], "lime": ["LIME, n. L. limus; Gr. and allied to clammy. On this word is formed slime.", "1. A viscous substance, sometimes laid on twigs for catching birds.", "2. Calcarious earth, oxyd of calcium, procured from chalk and certain stones and shells, by expelling from them the carbonic acid, by means of a strong heat in a furnace. The best lime for mortar or cement is obtained from limestone, or carbonate of lime, of which marble is a fine species.", "3. The linden tree.", "4. See Lemon. A species of acid fruit, smaller than the lemon.", "LIME, v.t.", "1. To smear with a viscous substance.", "2. To entangle; to ensnare.", "3. To manure with lime.", "Land may be improved by draining, marling and liming.", "4. To cement."], "limed": ["LI'MED, pp. Smeared with lime; entangled; manured with lime."], "liming": ["LI'MING, ppr. Daubing with viscous matter; entangling; manuring with lime."], "limit": ["LIM'IT, n. L. limes. See Limb.", "1. Bound; border; utmost extent; the part that terminates a thing; as the limit of a town, city or empire; the limits of human knowledge.", "2. The thing which bounds; restraint.", "3. Limits, plu., the extent of the liberties of a prison.", "LIM'IT, v.t.", "1. To bound; to set bounds to.", "2. To confine within certain bounds; to circumscribe; to restrain. The government of England is a limited monarchy.", "They tempted God and limited the Holy One of Israel. Ps.78.", "3. To restrain from a lax or general signification. World sometimes signifies the universe, and sometimes its signification is limited to this earth."], "limitable": ["LIM'ITABLE, a. That may be limited, circumscribed, bounded or restrained."], "limitation": ["LIMITA'TION, n. L. limitatio.", "1. The act of bounding or circumscribing.", "2. Restriction; restraint; circumscription. The king consented to a limitation of his prerogatives. Government by the limitation of natural rights secures civil liberty.", "3. Restriction; confinement from a lax indeterminate import. Words of general import are often to be understood with limitations.", "4. A certain precinct within which friars were allowed to beg or exercise their functions."], "limited": ["LIM'ITED, pp.", "1. Bounded; circumscribed; restrained.", "2. a. Narrow; circumscribed. Our views of nature are very limited."], "limiter": ["LIM'ITER, n.", "1. He or that which limits or confines.", "2. A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose duty was limited to a certain district."], "line": ["LINE, n. L. linea, linum; Gr. flax.", "1. In geometry, a quantity extended in length, without breadth or thickness; or a limit terminating a surface.", "2. A slender string; a small cord or rope. The angler uses a line and hook. The seaman uses a hand line, a hauling line, spilling lines, &c.", "3. A thread, string or cord extended to direct any operation.", "We as by line upon the ocean go.", "4. Lineament; a mark in the hand or face.", "He tipples palmistry, and dines on all her fortune-telling lines.", "5. Delineation; sketch; as the lines of a building.", "6. Contour; outline; exterior limit of a figure.", "Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line.", "7. In writing, printing and engraving, the words and letters which stand on a level in one row, between one margin and another; as a page of thirty lines.", "8. In poetry, a verse, or the words which form a certain number of feet, according to the measure.", "9. A short letter; a note. I received a line from my friend by the last mail.", "10. A rank or row of soldiers, or the disposition of an army drawn up with an extended front; or the like disposition of a fleet prepared for engagement.", "11. A trench or rampart; an extended work in fortification.", "Unite thy forces and attack their lines.", "12. Method; disposition; as line of order.", "13. Extension; limit; border.", "Eden stretched her line from Auran eastward to the royal towers of great Seleucia.", "14. Equator; equinoctial circle.", "When the sun below the line descends -", "15. A series or succession of progeny or relations, descending from a common progenitor. We speak of the ascending or descending line; the line of descent; the male line; a line of kings.", "16. The twelfth part of an inch.", "17. A straight extended mark.", "18. A straight or parallel direction. The houses must all stand in a line. Every new building must be set in a line with other on the same street.", "19. Occupation; employment; department or course of business. We speak of men in the same line of business.", "20. Course; direction.", "What general line of conduct ought to be pursued?", "21. Lint or flax. Seldom used.", "22. In heraldry, lines are the figures used in armories to divide the shield into different parts, and to compose different figures.", "23. In Scripture, line signifies a cord for measuring; also, instruction, doctrine. Ps. 19. Is. 28.", "A right line, a straight or direct line; the shortest line that can be drawn between two points.", "Horizontal line, a line drawn parallel to the horizon.", "Equinoctial line, in geography, a great circle on the earth's surface, at 90 degrees distance from each pole, and bisecting the earth at that part. In astronomy, the circle which the sun seems to describe, in March and September, when the days and nights are of equal length.", "Meridian line, an imaginary circle drawn through the two poles of the earth, and any part of its surface.", "A ship of the line, a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of battle. All ships carrying seventy four or more large guns, are ships of the line. Smaller ships may sometimes be so called.", "LINE, v.t. supposed to be from L. linum, flax, whence linen, which is often used for linings.", "1. To cover on the inside; as a garment lined with linen, fur or silk; a box lined with paper or tin.", "2. To put in the inside.", "- What if I do line one of their hands?", "3. To place along by the side of any thing for guarding; as, to line a hedge with riflemen; to line works with soldiers.", "4. To strengthen by additional works or men.", "Line and new repair your towns of war with men of courage.", "5. To cover; to add a covering; as, to line a crutch.", "6. To strengthen with any thing added.", "Who lined himself with hope.", "7. To impregnate; applied to irrational animals."], "lined": ["LI'NED, pp. Covered on the inside."], "lining": ["LI'NING, ppr. See Line. Covering on the inside, as a garment.", "LI'NING, n.", "1. The inner covering of any thing, as of a garment or a box. The pleura is called the lining of the thorax.", "2. That which is within."], "lineage": ["LIN'EAGE, n.", "Race; progeny; descendants in a line from a common progenitor."], "linen": ["LIN'EN, n. L. linun, flax, Gr. The sense is probably long, extended or smooth. In the latter sense, it would accord with L. linio, lenio.", "1. Cloth made of flax or hemp.", "2. An under garment.", "LIN'EN, a. L. lineus.", "1. Made of flax or hemp; as linen cloth; a linen stocking.", "2. Resembling linen cloth; white; pale.", "Fossil-linen, a kind of amianth, with soft, parallel, flexible fibers."], "linger": ["LIN'GER, v.i.", "1. To delay; to loiter; to remain or wait long; to be slow.", "Nor cast one longing, lingering look behind.", "Whose judgment now of a long time lingereth not. 2Peter 2.", "2. To hesitate; to be slow in deciding; to be in suspense.", "Perhaps thou lingerest, in deep thought detained.", "3. To remain long in any state. The patient lingers on a bed of sickness.", "LIN'GER, v.t. To protract."], "lingerer": ["LIN'GERER, n. One who lingers."], "lingering": ["LIN'GERING, ppr.", "1. Delaying; loitering.", "2. a. Drawing out in time; remaining long; protracted; as a lingering disease.", "To die is the fate of man; but to die with lingering anguish is generally his folly.", "LIN'GERING, n. A delaying; a remaining long; tardiness; protraction.", "The lingerings of holyday customs."], "lingeringly": ["LIN'GERINGLY, adv. With delay; slowly; tediously."], "lintel": ["LINT'EL, n.", "The head-piece of a door-frame or window-frame; the part of the frame that lies on the side-pieces. Ex. 41."], "lion": ["LI'ON, n. L. leo, leonis, Gr.", "1. A quadruped of the genus Felis, very strong, fierce and rapacious. The largest lions are eight or nine feet in length. The male has a thick head, beset with long bushy hair of a yellowish color. The lion is a native of Africa and the warm climates of Asia. His aspect is noble, his gait stately, and his roar tremendous.", "2. A sign in the zodiac."], "lioness": ["LI'ONESS, n. The female of the lion kind."], "lionlike": ["LI'ONLIKE, a. Like a lion; fierce."], "lip": ["LIP, n. L. labium, labrum.", "1. The edge or border of the mouth. The lips are two fleshy or muscular parts, composing the exterior of the mouth in man and many other animals. In man, the lips, which may be opened or closed at pleasure, form the covering of the teeth, and are organs of speech essential to certain articulations. Hence the lips, by a figure, denote the mouth, or all the organs of speech, and sometimes speech itself. Job. 2.", "2. The edge of any thing; as the lip of a vessel.", "3. In botany, one of the two opposite divisions of a labiate corol. The upper is called the helmet, and the lower the beard. Also, an appendage to the flowers of the orchises, considered by Linne as a nectary.", "To make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness or contempt.", "LIP, v.t. To kiss."], "lipped": ["LIP'PED, a.", "1. Having lips.", "2. In botany, labiate."], "liquor": ["LIQ'UOR, n. lik'or L. liquor.", "A liquid or fluid substance. See Liquid. Liquor is a word of general signification, extending to water, milk, blood, say, juice, &c.; but its most common application is to spirituous fluids, whether distilled or fermented, to decoctions, solutions, tinctures.", "LIQ'UOR, v.t. To moisten; to drench. Little used."], "list": ["LIST, n. L. licium.", "1. In commerce, the border, edge or selvage of cloth; a strip of cloth forming the border, particularly of broadcloth, and serving to strengthen it.", "2. A line inclosing or forming the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat; hence, the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. Hence, to enter the lists, is to accept a challenge or engage in contest. Hence,", "3. A limit or boundary; a border.", "4. In architecture, a little square molding; a fillet; called also a listel.", "5. A roll or catalogue, that is, a row or line; as a list of names; a list of books; a list of articles; a list of ratable estate.", "6. A strip of cloth; a fillet.", "Civil list, in Great Britain and the United States, the civil officers of government, as judges, embassadors, secretaries, &c. Hence it is used for the revenues or appropriations of public money for the support of the civil officers.", "LIST, v.t. from list, a roll.", "1. To enroll; to register in a list or catalogue; to enlist. The latter is the more elegant word. Hence,", "2. To engage in the public service, as soldiers.", "They in my name are listed.", "3. To inclose for combat; as, to list a field.", "4. To sew together, as strips of cloth; or to form a border.", "5. To cover with a list, or with strips of cloth; as, to list a door.", "6. To hearken; to attend; a contraction of listen, which see.", "LIST, v.i. To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist. The latter is the more elegant word. See Enlist.", "LIST, v.i. See the noun.", "Properly, to lean or incline; to be propense; hence, to desire or choose.", "Let other men think of your devices as they list.", "The wind bloweth where it listeth. John 3.", "LIST, n. In the language of seamen, an inclination to one side. The ship has a list to port."], "listed": ["LIST'ED, pp.", "1. Striped; particolored in stripes.", "2. Covered with list.", "3. Inclosed for combat.", "4. Engaged in public service; enrolled."], "listful": ["LIST'FUL, a. Attentive. Obs."], "listing": ["LIST'ING, ppr. Inclosing for combat; covering with list; enlisting."], "listen": ["LIST'EN, v.i. lis'n.", "1. To hearken; to give ear; to attend closely with a view to hear.", "On the green bank I sat, and listened long.", "2. To obey; to yield to advice; to follow admonition."], "listener": ["LIST'ENER, n. One who listens; a hearkener."], "litter": ["LIT'TER, n. L. lectus, from the root of lego, Eng. lay.", "1. A vehicle formed with shafts supporting a bed between them, in which a person may be borne by men or by a horse. If by the latter, it is called a horse-litter. A similar vehicle in India is called a palanquin.", "2. Straw, hay or other soft substance, used as a bed for horses and for other purposes.", "3. A brood of young pigs, kittens, puppies or other quadrupeds. The word is applied only to certain quadrupeds of the smaller kinds.", "4. A birth of pigs or other small animals.", "5. Waste matters, shreds, fragments and the like, scattered on a floor or other clean place.", "LIT'TER, v.t.", "1. To bring forth young, as swine and other small quadrupeds. It is sometimes applied to human beings in contempt.", "2. To scatter over carelessly with shreds, fragments and the like; as, to litter a room or a carpet.", "3. To cover with straw or hay; as, to litter a stable.", "4. To supply with litter; as to litter cattle."], "littered": ["LIT'TERED, pp.", "1. Furnished with straw.", "2. a. Covered or overspread with litter, pieces, shreds, &c."], "little": ["LIT'TLE, a.", "1. Small in size or extent; not great or large; as a little body; a little animal; a little piece of ground; a little table; a little book; a little hill; a little distance; a little child.", "2. Short in duration; as a little time or season; a little sleep.", "3. Small in quantity or amount; as a little hay or grass; a little food; a little sum; a little light; a little air or water.", "4. Of small dignity, power or importance.", "When thou wast little in thy own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes? 1Sam. 15.", "5. Of small force or effect; slight; inconsiderable; as little attention or exertions; little effort; little care or diligence, little weight.", "LIT'TLE, n.", "1. A small quantity or amount. He demanded much and obtained little. He had little of his father's liberality.", "2. A small space.", "Much was in little writ -", "3. Any thing small, slight or of inconsiderable importance.", "I view with anger and disdain.", "How little gives thee joy and pain.", "4. Not much.", "These they are fitted for, and little else.", "LIT'TLE, adv.", "1. In a small degree; slightly; as, he is little changed. It is a little discolored.", "2. Not much; in a small quantity or space of time. He sleeps little.", "3. In some degree; slightly; sometimes preceded by a. The liquor is a little sour or astringent."], "littleness": ["LIT'TLENESS, n.", "1. Smallness of size or bulk; as the littleness of the body or of an animal.", "2. Meanness; want of grandeur; as littleness of conception.", "3. Want of dignity. Contemplations on the majesty of God displayed in his works, may awaken in us a sense of our own littleness.", "4. Meanness; penuriousness."], "live": ["LIVE, v.i. liv.", "1. To abide; to dwell; to have settled residence in any place. Where do you live? I live in London. He lives in Philadelphia. He lives in a large house on Second street. The Swiss live on mountains. The Bedouin Arabs live in the dessert.", "2. To continue; to be permanent; not to perish.", "Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues we write in water.", "3. To be animated; to have the vital principle; to have the bodily functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate, as respiration, circulation of blood, secretions, &c.; applied to animals.", "I am Joseph; doth my father yet live? Gen. 45.", "4. To have the principles of vegetable life; to be in a state in which the organs do or may perform their functions in the circulation of sap and in growth; applied to plants. This tree will not live, unless watered; it will not live through the winter.", "5. To pass life or time in a particular manner, with regard to habits or condition. In what manner does your son live? Does he live according to the dictates of reason and the precepts of religion?", "If we act by several broken views, we shall live and die in misery.", "6. To continue in life. The way to live long is to be temperate.", "7. To live, emphatically; to enjoy life; to be in a state of happiness.", "What greater curse could envious fortune give, than just to die, when I began to live?", "8. To feed; to subsist; to be nourished and supported in life; as, horses live on grass or grain; fowls live on seeds or insects; some kinds of fish live on others; carnivorous animals live on flesh.", "9. To subsist; to be maintained in life; to be supported. Many of the clergy are obliged to live on small salaries. All men in health may live by industry with economy, yet some men live by robbery.", "10. To remain undestroyed; to float; not to sink or founder. It must be a good ship that lives at sea in a hurricane.", "Nor can our shaken vessels live at sea.", "11. To exist; to have being.", "As I live, saith the Lord - Ezek. 18.", "12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death, temporal or spiritual.", "Ye shall therefore keep my statutes and judgments, which if a man do, he shall live in them. Lev. 18.", "13. To recover from sickness; to have life prolonged.", "Thy son liveth. John 4.", "14. To be inwardly quickened, nourished and actuated by divine influence or faith. Gal. 2.", "15. To be greatly refreshed, comforted and animated.", "For now we live, if ye stand fast in the Lord. 1Thess. 3.", "16. To appear as in life or reality; to be manifest in real character.", "And all the writer lives in every line.", "1. To live with, to dwell or to be a lodger with.", "2. To cohabit; to have intercourse, as male and female.", "LIVE, v.t. liv.", "1. To continue in constantly or habitually; as, to live a life of ease.", "2. To act habitually in conformity to.", "It is not enough to say prayers, unless they live them too.", "LIVE, a.", "1. Having life; having respiration and other organic functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate; not dead; as a live ox.", "2. Having vegetable life; as a live plant.", "3. Containing fire; ignited; not extinct; as a live coal.", "4. Vivid, as color."], "lively": ["LI'VELY, a.", "1. Brisk; vigorous; vivacious; active; as a lively youth.", "2. Gay; airy.", "From grave to gay, from lively to severe.", "3. Representing life; as a lively imitation of nature.", "4. Animated; spirited; as a lively strain of eloquence; a lively description.", "5. Strong; energetic; as a lively faith or hope; a lively persuasion.", "Lively stones, in scripture. Saints are called lively stones, as being quickened by the Spirit and active in holiness.", "LI'VELY, adv.", "1. Briskly; vigorously. Little used.", "2. With strong resemblance of life.", "That part of poetry must needs be best, which describes most lively our actions and passions. Little used."], "lives": ["LIVES, n. plu. of life."], "living": ["LIV'ING, ppr. from live.", "1. Dwelling; residing; existing; subsisting; having life or the vital functions in operation; not dead.", "2. a. Issuing continually from the earth; running; flowing; as a living spring or fountain; opposed to stagnant.", "3. a. Producing action, animation and vigor; quickening; as a living principle; a living faith.", "LIV'ING, n. He or those who are alive; usually with a plural signification; as in the land of the living.", "The living will lay it to his heart. Eccles. 7.", "LIV'ING, n.", "1. Means of subsistence; estate.", "He divided to them his living. Luke 15.", "She of her want, did cast in all that she had, even all her living. Mark 41.", "2. Power of continuing life. There is no living with a scold.", "There is no living without trusting some body or other in some cases.", "3. Livelihood. He made a living by his occupation. The woman spins for a living.", "4. The benefice of a clergyman. He lost his living by non-conformity."], "livingly": ["LIV'INGLY, adv. In a living state.", "Livonica terra, a species of fine bole found in Livonia, brought to market in little cakes."], "liver": ["LIV'ER, n. One who lives.", "And try if life be worth the liver's care.", "It is often used with a word of qualification; as a high liver; a loose liver, &c.", "LIV'ER, n.", "A viscus or intestine of considerable size and of a reddish color, convex on the anterior and superior side, and of an unequal surface on the inferior and posterior side. It is situated under the false ribs, in the right hypochondrium. It consists of two lobes, of a glandular substance, and destined for the secretion of the bile."], "livered": ["LIV'ERED, a. Having a liver; as white-livered."], "lizard": ["LIZ'ARD, n. L. lacertus, lacerta, there has been a change of c into z or s, which may be the fact.", "In zoology, a genus of amphibious animals, called Lacerta, and comprehending the crocodile, alligator, chameleon, salamander, &c. But the name, in common life, is applied to the smaller species of this genus, and of these there is a great variety. These animals are ranked in the order of reptiles. The body is naked, with four feet and a tail. The body is thicker and more tapering than that of the serpent."], "lo": ["LO, exclam.", "Look; see; behold; observe. This word is used to excite particular attention in a hearer to some object of sight, or subject of discourse.", "Lo, here is Christ. Matt 24.", "Lo, we turn to the Gentiles. Acts 13."], "load": ["LOAD, n. See lade.", "1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in any thing for conveyance. Thus we lay a load on a beat or on a man's shoulders, or on a cart or wagon; and we say, a light load, heavy load. A load then is indefinite in quantity or weight. But by usage, in some cases, the word has a more definite signification, and expresses a certain quantity or weight, or as much as is usually carried, or as can be well sustained. Load is never used for the cargo of a ship; this is called loading, lading, freight, or cargo.", "2. Any heavy burden; a large quantity borne or sustained. a tree may be said to have a load of fruit upon it.", "3. That which is borne with pain or difficulty; a grievous weight; encumbrance; in a literal sense.", "Jove lightened of its load th' enormous mass -", "In a figurative sense, we say, a load of care or grief; a load of guilt or crimes.", "4. Weight or violence of blows.", "5. A quantity of food or drink that oppresses, or as much as can be borne.", "6. Among miners, the quantity of nine dishes of ore, each dish being about half a hundred weight.", "LOAD, v.t. pret. and pp. loaded. loaden, formerly used, is obsolete and laden belongs to lade. Load, from the noun, is a regular verb.", "1. To lay on a burden; to put on or in something to be carried, or as much as can be carried; as, to load a camel or a horse; to load a cart or wagon. To load a gun, is to charge, or to put in a sufficient quantity of powder, or powder and ball or shot.", "2. To encumber; to lay on or put in that which is borne with pain or difficulty; in a literal sense, as to load the stomach with meat; or in a figurative sense, as to load the mind or memory.", "3. To make heavy by something added or appended.", "Thy dreadful vow, loaden with death -", "So in a literal sense, to load a whip.", "4. To bestow or confer on in great abundance; as, to load one with honors; to load with reproaches."], "loaded": ["LOADED, pp.", "1. Charged with a load or cargo; having a burden; freighted, as a ship; having a charge of powder, or powder and shot, as a gun.", "2. Burdened with any thing oppressive; as loaded with cares, with guilt or shame."], "loading": ["LOADING, ppr. Charging with a load; burdening; encumbering; charging, as a gun.", "LOADING, n. A cargo; a burden; also, any thing that makes part of a load."], "loaf": ["LOAF, n. plu. loaves.", "1. A mass of bread when baked. It is larger than a cake. The size and price of a loaf, in large cities, are regulated by law.", "2. A mass or lump, as of sugar.", "3. Any thick mass."], "loan": ["LOAN, n.", "1. The act of lending; a lending.", "2. That which is lent; any thing furnished for temporary use to a person at his request, on the express or implied condition that the specific thing shall be returned, or its equivalent in kind, but without compensation for the use; as a loan of a book or of bread.", "3. Something furnished for temporary use, on the condition that it shall be returned or its equivalent, but with a compensation for the use. In this sense, loan is generally applied to money. See Lend.", "4. A furnishing; permission to use; grant of the use; as a loan of credit.", "LOAN, v.t.", "To lend; to deliver to another for temporary use, on condition that the thing shall be returned, as a book; or to deliver for use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be returned, as bread; or to deliver for temporary use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be returned, with a compensation for the use, as in the case of money at interest. Bills of credit were issued, to be loaned on interest."], "loathful": ["LOATHFUL, a.", "1. Hating; abhorring through disgust.", "2. Abhorred; hated."], "loathing": ["LOATHING, ppr. Hating from disgust; abhorring."], "loathingly": ["LOATHINGLY, adv. In a fastidious manner."], "loathness": ["LOATHNESS, n. Unwillingness; reluctance. See Lothness."], "loathsome": ["LOATHSOME, a.", "1. Disgusting; exciting disgust.", "2. Hateful; abhorred; detestable.", "3. Causing fastidiousness. See Lothesome."], "loathsomeness": ["LOATHSOMENESS, n. The quality which excites disgust, hatred or abhorrence."], "loaves": ["LOAVES, plu of loaf."], "lock": ["LOCK, n. L. floccus, Eng. lock.", "1. Lock, in its primary sense, is any thing that fastens; but we now appropriate the word to an instrument composed of a spring, wards, and a bolt of iron or steel, used to fasten doors, chests and the like. The bolt is moved by a key.", "2. The part of a musket or fowling-piece or other fire-arm, which contains the pan, trigger, &c.", "3. The barrier or works of a canal, which confine the water, consisting of a dam, banks or walls, with two gates or pairs of gates, which may be opened or shut at pleasure.", "4. A grapple in wrestling.", "5. Any inclosure.", "6. A tuft of hair; a plexus of wool, hay or other like substance; a flock; a ringlet of hair.", "A lock of hair will draw more than a cable rope.", "Lock of water, is the measure equal to the contents of the chamber of the locks by which the consumption of water on a canal is estimated."], "locked": ["LOCK'ED, pp. Made fast by a lock; furnished with a lock or locks; closely embraced."], "locust": ["LO'CUST, n. L. locusta. An insect of the genus Gryllus. These insects are at times so numerous in Africa and the S. of Asia as to devour every green thing, and when they migrate, they fly in an immense cloud.", "LO'CUST, n. A name of several plants and trees; as a species of Melianthus, and of Ceratonia."], "lodge": ["LODGE, v.t.", "1. To set, lay or deposit for keeping or preservation, for a longer or shorter time. The men lodged their arms in the arsenal.", "2. To place; to plant; to infix.", "He lodged an arrow in a tender breast.", "3. To fix; to settle in the heart, mind or memory.", "I can give no reason more than a lodged hate -", "4. To furnish with a temporary habitation, or with an accommodation for a night. He lodged the prince a month, a week, or a night. The word usually denotes a short residence, but for no definite time.", "5. To harbor; to cover. The deer is lodged.", "6. To afford place to; to contain for keeping.", "The memory can lodge a greater store of images, than the senses can present at one time.", "7. To throw in or on; as, to lodge a ball or a bomb in a fort.", "8. To throw down; to lay flat.", "Our sighs, and they shall lodge the summer corn.", "LODGE, v.i.", "1. To reside; to dwell; to rest in a place.", "And lodge such daring souls in little men.", "2. To rest or dwell for a time, as for a night, a week, a month. We lodged a night at the Golden Ball. We lodged a week at the City Hotel. Soldiers lodge in tents in summer, and in huts in winter. Fowls lodge on trees or rocks.", "3. To fall flat, as grain. Wheat and oats on strong land are apt to lodge.", "LODGE, n.", "1. A small house in a park or forest, for a temporary place of rest at night; a temporary habitation; a hut.", "2. A small house or tenement appended to a larger; as a porter's lodge.", "3. A den; a cave; any place where a wild beast dwells."], "lodged": ["LODG'ED, pp. Placed at rest; deposited; infixed; furnished with accommodations for a night or other short time; laid flat."], "lodging": ["LODG'ING, ppr.", "1. Placing at rest; depositing; furnishing lodgings.", "2. Resting for a night; residing for a time.", "LODG'ING, n.", "1. A place of rest for a night, or of residence for a time; temporary habitation; apartment.", "Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow.", "2. Place of residence.", "Fair bosom - the lodging of delight.", "3. Harbor; cover; place of rest.", "4. Convenience for repose at night."], "loft": ["LOFT, n.", "1. Properly, an elevation; hence, in a building, the elevation of one story or floor above another; hence, a floor above another; as the second loft; third loft; fourth loft. Spenser seems to have used the word for the highest floor or top, and this may have been its original signification.", "2. A high room or place."], "loftily": ["LOFT'ILY, adv. from lofty.", "1. On high; in an elevated place.", "2. Proudly; haughtily.", "They are corrupt and speak wickedly concerning oppression; they speak loftily. Ps. 73.", "3. With elevation of language, diction or sentiment; sublimely.", "My lowly verse may loftily arise.", "4. In an elevated attitude. A horse carries his head loftily."], "loftiness": ["LOFT'INESS, n.", "1. Height; elevation in place or position; altitude; as the loftiness of a mountain.", "2. Pride; haughtiness.", "Augustus and Tiberius had loftiness enough in their tempers -", "3. Elevation of attitude or mien; as loftiness of carriage.", "4. Sublimity; elevation of diction or sentiment.", "Three poets in three distant ages born; the first in loftiness of thought surpass'd; the next in majesty; in both the last."], "lofty": ["LOFTY, a.", "1. Elevated in place; high; as a lofty tower; a lofty mountain. But it expresses more than high, or at least is more emphatical, poetical and elegant.", "See lofty Lebanon his head advance.", "2. Elevated in condition or character.", "Thus saith the high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy - Is. 57.", "3. Proud; haughty; as lofty looks. Is. 2.", "4. Elevated in sentiment or diction; sublime; as lofty strains; lofty rhyme.", "5. Stately; dignified; as lofty steps."], "log": ["LOG, n.", "1. A bulky piece or stick of timer unhewed. Pine logs are floated down rivers in America, and stopped at saw-mills. A piece of timber when hewed or squared, is not called a log, unless perhaps in constructing log-huts.", "2. In navigation, a machine for measuring the rate of a ship's velocity through the water. The common log is a piece of board, forming the quadrant of a circle of about six inches radius, balanced by a small plate of lead nailed on the circular part, so as to swim perpendicular.", "3. Heb. A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing, according to some authors, three quarters of a pint; according to others, five sixths of a pint. According to Arbuthnot, it was the seventy second part of the bath or ephab, and the twelfth part of a hin.", "LOG, v.i. To move to and fro. Not used."], "loin": ["LOIN, n. L. clumis.", "The loins are the space on each side of the vertebrae, between the lowest of the false ribs and the upper portion of the os ilium or haunch bone, or the lateral portions of the lumbar region; called also the reins."], "long": ["LONG, a. L. longus.", "1. Extended; drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length; opposed to short, and contradistinguished from broad or wide. Long is a relative term; for a thing may be long in respect to one thing, and short with respect to another. We apply long to things greatly extended, and to things which exceed the common measure. we say, a long way, a long distance, a long line, and long hair, long arms. By the latter terms, we mean hair and arms exceeding the usual length.", "2. Drawn out or extended in time; as a long time; a long period of time; a long while; a long series of events; a long sickness or confinement; a long session; a long debate.", "3. Extended to any certain measure expressed; as a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that is, extended to the measure of a mile, &c.", "4. Dilatory; continuing for an extended time.", "5. Tedious; continued to a great length.", "A tale should never be too long.", "6. Continued in a series to a great extent; as a long succession of princes; a long line of ancestors.", "7. Continued in sound; protracted; as a long note; a long syllable.", "8. Continued; lingering or longing.", "Praying for him, and casting a long look that way, he saw the galley leave the pursuit.", "9. Extensive; extending far in prospect or into futurity.", "The perennial existence of bodies corporate and their fortunes, are things particularly suited to a man who has long views.", "Long home, the grave or death. Eccles. 41.", "LONG, n. Formerly, a musical note equal to two breves. Obs.", "LONG, adv.", "1. To a great extent in space; as a long extended line.", "2. To a great extent in time; as, they that tarry long at the wine. Prov. 23.", "When the trumpet soundeth long. Ex. 19.", "So in composition we say, long-expected, long-forgot.", "3. At a point of duration far distant, either prior or posterior; as not long before; not long after; long before the foundation of Rome; long after the conquest of Gaul by Julius Cesar.", "4. Through the whole extent or duration of.", "The God who fed me all my life long to this day. Gen. 48.", "The bird of dawning singeth all night long.", "LONG, adv.", "By means of; by the fault of; owing to. Obs.", "Mistress, all this evil is long of you.", "LONG, v.t. To belong. Not used.", "LONG, v.i.", "1. To desire earnestly or eagerly.", "I long to see you. Romans 1.", "I have longed after thy precepts. Ps. 119.", "I have longed for thy salvation. Ps. 119.", "2. To have a preternatural craving appetite; as a longing woman.", "3. To have an eager appetite; as, to long for fruit."], "longest": ["LON'GEST, a. Of the greatest extent; as the longest line.", "LON'GEST, adv. For the greatest continuance of time. They who live longest, are most convinced of the vanity of life."], "longing": ["LONG'ING, ppr. Earnestly desiring; having a craving or preternatural appetite.", "LONG'ING, n. An eager desire; a craving or preternatural appetite."], "longingly": ["LONG'INGLY, adv. With eager wishes or appetite."], "longness": ["LONG'NESS, n. Length. Little used."], "longer": ["LON'GER, a. comp. of long. More long; of greater length; as a longer course.", "LON'GER, adv. For a greater duration. This evil can be endured no longer."], "longsuffering": ["LONG'SUF'FERING, a. Bearing injuries or provocation for a long time; patient; not easily provoked.", "The Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abundant in goodness. Ex. 34."], "look": ["LOOK, v.i. See Light. The primary sense is to stretch, to extend, to shoot, hence to direct the eye. We observe its primary sense is nearly the same as that of seek. Hence, to look for is to seek.", "1. To direct the eye towards an object, with the intention of seeing it.", "When the object is within sight, look is usually followed by on or at. We look on or at a picture; we look on or at the moon; we cannot look on or at the unclouded sun, without pain.", "At, after look, is not used in our version of the Scriptures. In common usage, at or on is now used indifferently in many cases, and yet in other cases, usage has established a preference. In general, on is used in the more solemn forms of expression. Moses was afraid to look on God. The Lord look on you and judge. In these and similar phrases, the use of at would be condemned, as expressing too little solemnity.", "In some cases, at seems to be more properly used before very distant objects; but the cases can hardly be defined.", "The particular direction of the eye is expressed by various modifying words; as, to look down, to look up, to look back to look forward, to look from, to look round, to look out, to look under. When the object is not in sight, look is followed by after, or for. Hence, to look after, or look for, is equivalent to seek or search, or to expect.", "2. To see; to have the sight or view of.", "Fate sees thy life lodged in a brittle glass, and looks it through, but to it cannot pass.", "3. To direct the intellectual eye; to apply the mind or understanding; to consider; to examine. Look at the conduct of this man; view it in all its aspects. Let every man look into the state of his own heart. Let us look beyond the received notions of men on this subject.", "4. To expect.", "He must look to fight another battle, before he could reach Oxford. Little used.", "5. To take care; to watch.", "Look that ye bind them fast.", "6. To be directed.", "Let thine eyes look right on. Prov. 4.", "7. To seem; to appear; to have a particular appearance. The patient looks better than he did. The clouds look rainy.", "I am afraid it would look more like vanity than gratitude.", "Observe how such a practice looks in another person.", "So we say, to look stout or big; to look peevish; to look pleasant or graceful.", "8. To have a particular direction or situation; to face; to front.", "The gate that looketh toward the north. Ezek. 8.", "The east gate of the Lord's house, that looketh eastward. Ezek. 11.", "To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions.", "To look about one, to be on the watch; to be vigilant; to be circumspect or guarded.", "1. To look after, to attend; to take care of; as, to look after children.", "2. To expect; to be in a state of expectation.", "Men's hearts falling them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth. Luke 21.", "3. To seek; to search.", "My subject does not oblige me to look after the water, or point forth the place whereunto it has now retreated.", "1. To look for, to expect; as, to look for news by the arrival of a ship.", "Look now for no enchanting voice.", "2. To seek; to search; as, to look for lost money, or lost cattle.", "To look into, to inspect closely; to observe narrowly; to examine; as, to look into the works of nature; to look into the conduct of another; to look into one's affairs.", "Which things the angels desire to look into. 1Peter 1.", "1. To look on, to regard; to esteem.", "Her friends would look on her the worse.", "2. To consider; to view; to conceive of; to think.", "I looked on Virgil as a succinct, majestic writer.", "3. To be a mere spectator.", "I'll be a candle-holder and look on.", "To look over, to examine one by one; as, to look over a catalogue of books; to look over accounts.", "To overlook, has a different sense, to pass over without seeing.", "To look out, to be on the watch. The seaman looks out for breakers.", "1. To look to, or unto, to watch; to take care of.", "Look well to thy herds. Prov. 27.", "2. To resort to with confidence or expectation of receiving something; to expect to receive from. The creditor may look to the surety for payment.", "Look to me and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth. Is. 45.", "To look through, to penetrate with the eye, or with the understanding; to see or understand perfectly.", "LOOK, v.t.", "1. To seek; to search for.", "Looking my love, I go from place to place. Obs.", "2. To influence by looks or presence; as, to look down opposition.", "A spirit fit to start into an empire, and look the world to law.", "To look out, to search for and discover. Look out associates of good reputation.", "To look one another in the face, to meet for combat.", "2Kings 14.", "LOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite attention or notice. Look ye, look you; that is see, behold, observe, take notice.", "LOOK, n.", "1. Cast of countenance; air of the face; aspect; as, a high look is an index of pride; a downcast look is an index of pride; a downcast look indicates modesty, bashfulness, or depression of mind.", "Pain, disgrace and poverty have frightful looks.", "2. The act of looking or seeing. Every look filled him with anguish.", "3. View; watch."], "loop": ["LOOP, n.", "1. A folding or doubling of a string or a noose, through which a lace or cord may be run for fastening.", "That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop to hang a doubt on.", "2. In iron-works, the part of a row or block of cast iron, melted off for the forge or hammer."], "looped": ["LOOP'ED, a. Full of holes."], "looping": ["LOOP'ING, n. In metallurgy, the running together of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore is only heated for calcination."], "loose": ["LOOSE, v.t. loos. Gr.; Heb.", "1. To untie or unbind; to free from any fastening.", "Canst thou loose the bands of Orion? Job 38.", "Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; loose them, and bring them to me. Matt. 21.", "2. To relax.", "The joints of his loins were loosed. Dan. 5.", "3. To release from imprisonment; to liberate; to set at liberty.", "The captive exile hasteneth that he may be loosed. Is. 51.", "4. To free from obligation.", "Art thou loosed from a wife? see not a wife. 1Cor. 7.", "5. To free from any thing that binds or shackles; as a man loosed from lust and pelf.", "6. To relieve; to free from any thing burdensome or afflictive.", "Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity. Luke 42.", "7. To disengage; to detach; as, to loose one's hold.", "8. To put off.", "Loose thy shoe from off thy foot. Josh. 5.", "9. To open.", "Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof? Rev. 5.", "10. To remit; to absolve.", "Whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, shall be loosed in heaven. Matt. 16.", "LOOSE, v.i. To set sail; to leave a port or harbor.", "Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga, in Pamphylia. Acts 42.", "LOOSE, a.", "1. Unbound; untied; unsewed; not fastened or confined; as the loose sheets of a book.", "2. Not tight or close; as a loose garment.", "3. Not crowded; not close or compact.", "With horse and chariots rank'd in loose array.", "4. Not dense, close or compact; as a cloth or fossil of loose texture.", "5. Not close; not concise; lax; as a loose and diffuse style.", "6. Not precise or exact; vague; indeterminate; as a loose way of reasoning.", "7. Not strict or rigid; as a loose observance of rites.", "8. Unconnected; rambling; as a loose indigested play.", "Vario spends whole mornings in running over loose and unconnected pages.", "9. Of lax bowels.", "10. Unengaged; not attached or enslaved.", "Their prevailing principle is, to sit as loose from pleasures, and be as moderate in the use of them as they can.", "11. Disengaged; free from obligation; with from or of.", "Now I stand loose of my vow; but who knows Cato's thought? Little used.", "12. Wanton; unrestrained in behavior; dissolute; unchaste; as a loose man or woman.", "13. Containing unchaste language; as a loose epistle.", "To break loose, to escape from confinement; to gain liberty by violence.", "To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement; to set at liberty.", "LOOSE, n. Freedom from restraint; liberty.", "Come, give thy soul a loose.", "Vent all its griefs, and give a loose to sorrow.", "We use this word only in the phrase, give a loose. The following use of it, \"he runs with an unbounded loose,\" is obsolete."], "loosed": ["LOOS'ED, pp. Untied; unbound; freed from restraint."], "loosely": ["LOOSELY, adv. loos'ly.", "1. Not fast; not firmly; that may be easily disengaged; as things loosely tied or connected.", "2. Without confinement.", "Her golden locks for haste were loosely shed about her ears.", "3. Without union or connection.", "Part loosely wing the region.", "4. Irregularly; not with the usual restraints.", "A bishop living loosely, was charged that his conversation was not according to the apostle's lives.", "5. Negligently; carelessly; heedlessly; as a mind loosely employed.", "6. Meanly; slightly.", "A prince should not be so loosely studied, as to remember so weak a composition.", "7. Wantonly; dissolutely; unchastely."], "looseness": ["LOOSENESS, n. loos'ness.", "1. The state of being loose or relaxed; a state opposite to that of being tight, fast, fixed or compact; as the looseness of a cord; the looseness of a robe; the looseness of the skin; the looseness of earth, or of the texture of cloth.", "2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness; laxity; levity; as looseness of morals or of principles.", "3. Irregularity; habitual deviation from strict rules; as looseness of life.", "4. Habitual lewdness; unchastity.", "5. Flux from the bowels; diarrhaea."], "loosing": ["LOOS'ING, ppr. Setting free from confinement."], "lop": ["LOP, v.t. Eng. flap. The primary sense is evidently to fall or fell, or to strike down, and I think it connected with flap.", "1. To cut off, as the top or extreme part of any thing; to shorten by cutting off the extremities; as, to lop a tree or its branches.", "With branches lopp'd in wood, or mountain fell'd.", "2. To cut off, as exuberances; to separate, as superfluous parts.", "Expunge the whole, or lop the excrescent parts.", "3. to cut partly off and bend down; as, to lop the trees or saplings of a hedge.", "4. To let fall; to flap; as, a horse lops his ears.", "LOP, n. that which is cut from trees.", "Else both body and lop will be of little value.", "LOP, n. a flea. Local."], "lopped": ["LOP'PED, pp. cut off; shortened by cutting off the top or end; bent down."], "lopping": ["LOP'PING, ppr. Cutting off; shortening by cutting off the extremity; letting fall.", "LOP'PING, n. that which is cut off."], "lord": ["LORD, n.", "1. A master; a person possessing supreme power and authority; a ruler; a governor.", "Man over man he made not lord.", "But now I was the lord of this fair mansion.", "2. A tyrant; an oppressive ruler.", "3. A husband.", "I oft in bitterness of soul deplores my absent daughter, and my dearer lord.", "My lord also being old. Gen. 18.", "4. A baron; the proprietor of a manor; as the lord of the manor.", "5. A nobleman; a title of honor in Great Britain given to those who are noble by birth or creation; a peer of the realm, including dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts and barons. Archbishops and bishops also, as members of the house of lords, are lords of parliament. Thus we say, lords temporal and spiritual. By courtesy also the title is given to the sons of dukes and marquises, and to the eldest sons of earls.", "6. An honorary title bestowed on certain official characters; as lord advocate, lord chamberlain, lord chancellor, lord chief justice, &c.", "7. In scripture, the Supreme Being; Jehovah. When Lord, in the Old Testament, is prints in capitals, it is the translation of JEHOVAH, and so might, with more propriety, be rendered. The word is applied to Christ, Ps. 110. Col. 3. and to the Holy Spirit, 2Thess. 3. As a title of respect, it is applied to kings, Gen. 40. 2Sam. 19. to princes and nobles, Gen 42. Dan. 4. to a husband, Gen. 18. to a prophet, 1Kings 18. 2Kings 2. and to a respectable person, Gen. 24. Christ is called the Lord of glory, 1Cor. 2. and Lord of lords, Rev. 19.", "LORD, v.t. To invest with the dignity and privileges of a lord.", "LORD, v.i. To domineer; to rule with arbitrary or despotic sway; sometimes followed by over, and sometimes by it, in the manner of a transitive verb.", "The whiles she lordeth in licentious bliss.", "I see them lording it in London streets.", "They lorded over them whom now they serve."], "lording": ["LORD'ING, n. A little lord; a lord, in contempt or ridicule. Little used."], "lordliness": ["LORD'LINESS, n. from lordly.", "1. Dignity; high station.", "2. Pride; haughtiness."], "lordly": ["LORD'LY, a. lord and like.", "1. Becoming a lord; pertaining to a lord.", "Lordly sins require lordly estates to support them.", "2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent.", "Every rich and lordly swain, with pride would drag about her chain.", "LORD'LY, adv. Proudly; imperiously; despotically.", "A famished lion, issuing from the wood, roars lordly fierce."], "lordship": ["LORD'SHIP, n.", "1. The state of quality of being a lord; hence, a title of honor given to noblemen, except to dukes, who have the title of grace.", "2. A titulary compellation of judges and certain other persons in authority and office.", "3. Dominion; power; authority.", "They who are accounted to rule over the Gentiles, exercise lordship over them. Mark 10.", "4. Seigniory; domain; the territory of a lord over which he holds jurisdiction; a manor.", "What lands and lordships for their owner know my quondam barber."], "lose": ["LOSE, v.t. looz. pret. and pp. lost.", "1. To mislay; to part or be separated from a thing, so as to have no knowledge of the place where it is; as, to lose a book or a paper; to lose a record; to lose a dollar or a ducat.", "2. To forfeit by unsuccessful contest; as, to lose money in gaming.", "3. Not to gain or win; as, to lose a battle, that is, to be defeated.", "4. To be deprived of; as, to lose men in battle; to lose an arm or leg by a shot or by amputation; to lose one's life or honor.", "5. To forfeit, as a penalty. Our first parents lost the favor of God by their apostasy.", "6. To suffer diminution or waste of.", "If the salt hath lost its savor, wherewith shall it be salted? Matt. 5.", "7. To ruin; to destroy.", "The woman that deliberates is lost.", "8. To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to find; as, to lose the way.", "9. To bewilder.", "Lost in the maze of words.", "10. To possess no longer; to be deprived of; contrary to keep; as, to lose a valuable trade.", "11. Not to employ or enjoy; to waste. Titus sighed to lose a day.", "Th' unhappy have but hours, but these they lose.", "12. To waste; to squander; to throw away; as, to lose a fortune by gaming, or by dissipation.", "13. To suffer to vanish from view or perception. We lost sight of the land at noon. I lost my companion in the crowd.", "Like following life in creatures we dissect, we lost it in the moment we detect.", "14. To ruin; to destroy by shipwreck, &c. the albion was lost on the coast of Ireland, april 22, 1822. the admiral lost three ships in a tempest.", "15. To cause to perish; as, to be lost at sea.", "16. to employ ineffectually; to throw away; to waste. Instruction is often lost on the dull; admonition is lost on the profligate. It is often the fate of projectors to lose their labor.", "17. to be freed from.", "His scaly back the bunch has got which Edwin lost before.", "18. to fail to obtain.", "He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matt. 5.", "to lose one's self, to be bewildered; also, to slumber; to have the memory and reason suspended.", "LOSE, v.i. looz.", "1. To forfeit any thing in contest; not to win.", "We'll talk with them too, who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out.", "2. To decline; to fail.", "Wisdom in discourse with her loses discountenanced, and like folly shows."], "losing": ["LOS'ING, ppr. looz'ing. Parting from; missing; forfeiting; wasting; employing to no good purpose."], "loss": ["LOSS, n.", "1. privation, as the loss of property; loss of money by gaming; loss of health or reputation. every loss is not a detriment. we cannot regret the loss of bad company or of evil habits.", "2. Destruction; ruin; as the loss of a ship at sea; the loss of an army.", "3. Defeat; as the loss of a battle.", "4. Waste; useless application; as a loss of time or labor.", "5. Waste by leakage or escape; as a loss of liquors in transportation.", "To bear a loss, to make good; also, to sustain a loss without sinking under it.", "To be at a loss, to be puzzled; to be unable to determine; to be in a state of uncertainty."], "lossful": ["LOSS'FUL, a. Detrimental. Not used."], "lost": ["LOST, pp. from lose.", "1. Mislaid or left in a place unknown or forgotten; that cannot be found; as a lost book.", "2. Ruined; destroyed; wasted or squandered; employed to no good purpose; as lost money; lost time.", "3. Forfeited; as a lost estate.", "4. Not able to find the right way, or the place intended. A stranger is lost in London or Paris.", "5. Bewildered; perplexed; being in a maze; as, a speaker may be lost in his argument.", "6. Alienated; insensible; hardened beyond sensibility or recovery; as a profligate lost to shame; lost to all sense of honor.", "7. Not perceptible to the senses; not visible; as an isle lost in fog; a person lost in a crowd.", "8. Shipwrecked or foundered; sunk or destroyed; as a ship lost at sea, or on the rocks."], "lot": ["LOT, n.", "1. That which, in human speech, is called chance, hazard, fortune; but in strictness of language, is the determination of Providence; as, the land shall be divided by lot. Num. 26.", "2. That by which the fate or portion of one is determined; that by which an event is committed to chance, that is, to the determination of Providence; as, to cast lots; to draw lots.", "The lot is cast into the lap, but the whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Prov. 16.", "3. The part, division or fate which falls to one by chance, that is, by divine determination.", "The second lot came forth to Simeon. Josh. 19.", "He was but born to try the lot of man, to suffer and to die.", "4. A distinct portion or parcel; as a lot of goods; a lot of boards.", "5. Proportion or share of taxes; as, to pay scot and lot.", "6. In the United States, a piece or division of land; perhaps originally assigned by drawing lots, but now any portion, piece or division. So we say, a man has a lot of land in Broadway, or in the meadow; he has a lot in the plain, or on the mountain; he has a home-lot, a house-lot, a wood-lot.", "The defendants leased a house and lot in the city of New York.", "To cast lots, is to use or throw a die, or some other instrument, by the unforseen turn or position of which, an event is by previous agreement determined.", "To draw lots, to determine an event by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are concealed from the drawer, and thus determining an event.", "LOT, v.t. To allot; to assign; to distribute; to sort; to catalogue; to portion."], "loth": ["LOTH, a. In America, the primitive pronunciation of lath, that is, lawth, is retained in the adjective, which is written loth. The verb would be better written lothe, in analogy with cloth, clothe. See Loth.", "Disliking; unwilling; reluctant. He was loth to leave the company. See Loth."], "lothe": ["LOTHE, v.t. To hate; to look on with hatred or abhorrence; particularly, to feel disgust at food or drink, either from natural antipathy, or a sickly appetite, or from satiety, or from its ill taste. See Lothe."], "lothed": ["LO'THED, pp. Hatred; abhorred; turned from with disgust."], "lothful": ["LO'THFUL, a.", "1. Hating; abhorring.", "Which he did with lothful eyes behold.", "2. Disgusting; hated; exciting abhorrence.", "Above the reach of lothful sinful lust."], "lothing": ["LO'THING, ppr.", "1. Feeling disgust at; having extreme aversion to; as lothing food.", "2. Hating; abhorring; as lothing sin.", "LO'THING, n. Extreme disgust; abhorrence. Ezek. 14."], "lothingly": ["LO'THINGLY, adv. With extreme disgust or abhorrence; in a fastidious manner."], "lothness": ["LOTH'NESS, n. Unwillingness; reluctance.", "There grew among them a general silence and lothness to speak."], "loud": ["LOUD, a. L. laudo, to praise, and with a prefix, plaudo. Heb.", "1. Having a great sound; high sounding; noisy; striking the ear with great force; as a loud voice; a loud cry; loud thunder.", "2. Uttering or making a great noise; as loud instruments. 2Chron. 30.", "3. Clamorous; noisy.", "She is loud and stubborn. Prov. 7.", "4. Emphatical; impressive; as a loud call to avoid danger."], "loudness": ["LOUD'NESS, n.", "1. Great sound or noise; as the loudness of a voice or of thunder.", "2. Clamor; clamorousness; turbulence; uproar."], "love": ["LOVE, v.t. luv. L. libeo, lubeo. See Lief. The sense is probably to be prompt, free, willing, from leaning, advancing, or drawing forward.", "1. In a general sense to be pleased with; to regard with affection, on account of some qualities which excite pleasing sensations or desire of gratification. We love a friend, on account of some qualities which give us pleasure in his society. We love a man who has done us a favor; in which case, gratitude enters into the composition of our affection. We love our parents and our children, on account of their connection with us, and on account of many qualities which please us. We love to retire to a cool shade in summer. We love a warm room in winter. we love to hear an eloquent advocate. The christian loves his Bible. In short, we love whatever gives us pleasure and delight, whether animal or intellectual; and if our hearts are right, we love God above all things, as the sum of all excellence and all the attributes which can communicate happiness to intelligent beings. In other words, the christian loves God with the love of complacency in his attributes, the love of benevolence towards the interest of his kingdom, and the love of gratitude for favors received.", "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind -", "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Matt. 22.", "2. To have benevolence or good will for. John 3.", "LOVE, n.", "1. An affection of the mind excited by beauty and worth of any kind, or by the qualities of an object which communicate pleasure, sensual or intellectual. It is opposed to hatred. Love between the sexes, is a compound affection, consisting of esteem, benevolence, and animal desire. Love is excited by pleasing qualities of any kind, as by kindness, benevolence, charity, and by the qualities which render social intercourse agreeable. In the latter case, love is ardent friendship, or a strong attachment springing from good will and esteem, and the pleasure derived from the company, civilities and kindness of others.", "Between certain natural relatives, love seems to be in some cases instinctive. Such is the love of a mother for her child, which manifests itself toward an infant, before any particular qualities in the child are unfolded. This affection is apparently as strong in irrational animals as in human beings.", "We speak of the love of amusements, the love of books, the love of money, and the love of whatever contributes to our pleasure or supposed profit.", "The love of God is the first duty of man, and this springs from just views of his attributes or excellencies of character, which afford the highest delight to the sanctified heart. Esteem and reverence constitute ingredients in this affection, and a fear of offending him is its inseparable effect.", "2. Courtship; chiefly in the phrase, to make love, that is, to court; to woo; to solicit union in marriage.", "3. Patriotism; the attachment one has to his native land; as the love of country.", "4. Benevolence; good will.", "God is love. 1John 4.", "5. The object beloved.", "The lover and the love of human kind.", "6. A word of endearment.", "Trust me, love.", "7. Picturesque representation of love.", "Such was his form as painters, when they show their utmost art, on naked loves bestow.", "8. Lewdness.", "He is not lolling on a lewd love-bed.", "9. A thin silk stuff. Obs.", "Love in idleness, a kind of violet.", "Free of love, a plant of the genus Cercis."], "loved": ["LOVED, pp. Having the affection of any one."], "lovely": ["LOVELY, a. luv'ly. Amiable; that may excite love; possessing qualities which may invite affection.", "Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives - 2Sam. 1."], "loving": ["LOVING, ppr.", "1. Entertaining a strong affection for; having tender regard for.", "2. a. Fond; affectionate; as a loving friend.", "3. Expressing love or kindness; as loving words."], "lovingly": ["LOVINGLY, adv. With love; with affection; affectionately.", "It is no great matter to live lovingly with meek persons."], "lover": ["LOV'ER, n.", "1. One who loves; one who has a tender affection, particularly for a female.", "Love is blind, and lovers cannot see -", "2. A friend; one who regards with kindness.", "Your brother and his lover have embraced.", "3. One who likes or is pleased with any thing; as a lover of books or of science; a lover of wine; a lover of religion.", "Lover and loover. See Louver."], "low": ["LOW, a.", "1. Not high or elevated; depressed below any given surface or place. Low ground or land, is land below the common level. Low is opposed to high, and both are relative terms. That which is low with respect to one thing, may be high with respect to another. A low house would be a high fence. A low flight for an eagle, would be a high flight for a partridge.", "2. Not rising to the usual height; as a man of low stature.", "3. Declining near the horizon. The sun is low at four o'clock in winter, and at six in summer.", "4. Deep; descending far below the adjacent ground; as a low valley.", "The lowest bottom shook of Erebus.", "5. Sunk to the natural level of the ocean by the retiring of the tide; as low water.", "6. Below the usual rate or amount, or below the ordinary value; as a low price of corn; low wages.", "7. Not high or loud; as a low voice.", "8. Grave; depressed in the scale of sounds; as a low note.", "9. Near or not very distant from the equator; as a low latitude. We say, the low southern latitudes; the high northern latitudes.", "10. Late in time; modern as the lower empire.", "11. Dejected; depressed in vigor; wanting strength or animation; as low spirits; low in spirits. His courage is low.", "12. Depressed in condition; in a humble state.", "Why but to keep you low and ignorant?", "13. Humble in rank; in a mean condition; as men of high and low condition; the lower walks of life; a low class of people.", "14. Mean; abject; groveling; base; as a person of low mind.", "15. Dishonorable; mean; as a low trick or stratagem.", "16. Not elevated or sublime; not exalted in thought or diction; as a low comparison; a low metaphor; low language.", "In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are low and dull.", "17. Vulgar; common; as a low education.", "18. Submissive; humble; reverent.", "And pay their fealty with low subjection.", "But first low reverence done.", "19. Weak; exhausted of vital energy. His disease has brought him very low.", "20. Feeble; weak; without force; as a low pulse.", "21. Moderate; not inflammatory; as a low fever.", "22. Moderate; not intense; as a low heat; a low temperature.", "23. Impoverished; in reduced circumstances. The rich are often reduced to a low condition.", "24. Moderate; as a low calculation or estimate.", "25. Plain; simple; not rich, high seasoned or nourishing; as a low diet.", "LOW, adv.", "1. Not aloft; not on high; often in composition; as low-brow'd rocks.", "2. Under the usual price; at a moderate price. He sold his wheat low.", "3. Near the ground; as, the bird flies very low.", "4. In a mean condition; in composition; as a low-born fellow; a low-born lass.", "5. In time approaching our own.", "In the part of the world which was first inhabited, even as low down as Abraham's time, they wandered with their flocks and herds.", "6. With a depressed voice; not loudly; as, speak low.", "7. In a state of subjection, poverty or disgrace; as, to be brought low by oppression, by want or by vice.", "LOW, v.t. To sink; to depress. Not used.", "LOW, v.i. L. lugeo, to weep, the sense of which is, to cry out.", "To bellow, as an ox or cow.", "The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea."], "lowe": ["LOWE, A termination of names, as in Bed-low."], "lowest": ["LOWEST, a. superl. of low. Most low; deepest; most depressed or degraded, &c."], "lowing": ["LOWING, ppr. Bellowing, as an ox.", "LOWING, n. the bellowing or cry of cattle."], "lowness": ["LOWNESS, n.", "1. The state of being low or depressed; the state of being less elevated than something else; as the lowness of the ground, or of the water after the ebb-tide.", "2. Meanness of condition. Men are not to be despised or oppressed on account of the lowness of their birth or condition.", "3. Meanness of mind or character; want of dignity. haughtiness usually springs from lowness of mind; real dignity is distinguished by modesty.", "4. Want of sublimity in style or sentiment; the contrary to loftiness.", "5. Submissiveness; as the lowness of obedience.", "6. Depression of mind; want of courage or fortitude; dejection; as lowness of spirits.", "7. Depression in fortune; a state of poverty; as the lowness of circumstances.", "8. Depression in strength or intensity; as the lowness of heat or temperature; lowness of zeal.", "9. Depression in price or worth; as the lowness of price or value; the lowness of the funds or of the markets.", "10. Graveness of sound; as the lowness of notes.", "11. Softness of sound; as the lowness of the voice."], "lower": ["LOWER, v.t. from low.", "1. To cause to descend; to let down; to take or bring down; as, to lower the main-sail of a sloop.", "2. To suffer to sink downwards.", "3. To bring down; to reduce or humble; as, to lower the pride of man.", "4. To lessen; to diminish; to reduce, as value or amount; as, to lower the price or value of goods, or the rate of interest.", "LOWER, v.i. To fall; to sink; to grow less."], "loweringly": ["LOW'ERINGLY, adv. with cloudiness or threatening gloom."], "lowliness": ["LOWLINESS, n. from lowly.", "1. Freedom from pride; humility; humbleness of mind.", "Walk - with all lowliness and meekness. Eph. 4. Phil. 2.", "2. Meanness; want of dignity; abject state. In this sense little used."], "lowly": ["LOWLY, a. low and like.", "1. Having a low esteem of one's own worth; humble; meek; free from pride.", "Take my yoke upon you and learn of me, for I am meek and lovly in heart. Matt. 11.", "He scorneth the scorners; but he giveth grace to the lowly. Prov. 3.", "2. Mean; low; wanting dignity or rank.", "One common right the great and lowly claim.", "3. Not lofty or sublime; humble.", "these rural poems, and their lowly strain.", "4. Not high; not elevated in place.", "LOWLY, adv.", "1. Humbly; meekly; modestly.", "Belowly wise.", "2. Meanly; in a low condition; without grandeur or dignity.", "I will show myself highly fed and lowly taught."], "lucifer": ["LU'CIFER, n. L. lux, lucis, light, and fero, to bring.", "1. The planet Venus, so called from its brightness.", "2. Satan.", "And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer, never to hope again."], "lucific": ["LUCIF'IC, a. L. lux, light, and facio, to make.", "Producing light."], "lucrative": ["LU'CRATIVE, a. L. lucrativus, from lucror, to gain profit.", "Gainful; profitable; making increase of money or goods; as a lucrative trade; lucrative business or office."], "lucre": ["LU'CRE, n. lu'ker. L. lucrum. Gain in money or goods; profit; usually in an ill sense, or with the sense of something base or unworthy.", "The lust of lucre, and the dread of death.", "A bishop must be blameless - not given to filthy lucre. Titus 1."], "lukewarm": ["LU'KEWARM, a.", "1. Moderately warm; tepid; as lukewarm water; lukewarm heat.", "2. Not ardent; not zealous; cool; indifferent; as lukewarm obedience; lukewarm patriots. Rev. 3."], "lukewarmness": ["LU'KEWARMNESS, n.", "1. A mild or moderate heat.", "2. Indifference; want of zeal or ardor; coldness.", "The defect of zeal is lukewarmness, or coldness in religion."], "lump": ["LUMP, n.", "1. A small mass of matter of no definite shape; as a lump of earth; a lump of butter; a lump of sugar.", "2. A mass of things blended or thrown together without order or distinction; as copper, iron, gold, silver, lead, tin, promiscuously in one lump.", "3. A cluster; as a lump of figs. 2Kings. 20.", "In the lump, the whole together; in gross.", "They may buy my papers in the lump.", "LUMP, v.t.", "1. To throw into a mass; to unite in a body or sum without distinction of particulars.", "The expenses ought to be lumped.", "2. To take in the gross."], "lumping": ["LUMP'ING, ppr.", "1. Throwing into a mass or sum.", "2. a. Bulky; heavy. A low word."], "lurk": ["LURK, v.i.", "1. To lie hid; to lie in wait.", "Let us lay wait for blood; let us lurk privily for the innocent. Prov. 1.", "2. To lie concealed or unperceived. See that no selfish motive lurks in the heart.", "See the lurking gold upon the fatal tree.", "3. To retire from public observation; to keep out of sight.", "The defendant lurks and wanders about in Berks."], "lurking": ["LURK'ING, ppr. Lying concealed; keeping out of sight."], "lust": ["LUST, n.", "1. Longing desire; eagerness to possess or enjoy; as the lust of gain.", "My lust shall be satisfied upon them. Ex. 15.", "2. Concupiscence; carnal appetite; unlawful desire of carnal pleasure. Romans 1. 2Peter 2.", "3. Evil propensity; depraved affections and desires. James 1. Ps. 81.", "4. Vigor; active power. Not used.", "LUST, v.i.", "1. To desire eagerly; to long; with after.", "Thou mayest kill and eat flesh in all thy gates, whatsoever thy soul lusteth after. Deut. 12.", "2. To have carnal desire; to desire eagerly the gratification of carnal appetite.", "Lust not after her beauty in thy heart. Prov. 6.", "Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her,hath committed adultery with her already in his heart. Matt. 5.", "3. To have irregular or inordinate desires.", "The spirit that dwelleth in us lusteth to envy. James 4.", "Lust not after evil things as they also lusted. 1Cor. 10.", "4. To list; to like."], "lustful": ["LUST'FUL, a.", "1. Having lust, or eager desire of carnal gratification; libidinous; as an intemperate and lustful man.", "2. Provoking to sensuality; inciting to lust or exciting carnal desire.", "Thence his lustful orgies he enlarged.", "3. Vigorous; robust; stout."], "lustfulness": ["LUST'FULNESS, n. The state of having carnal desires; libidinousness."], "lusting": ["LUST'ING, ppr. Having eager desire; having carnal appetite.", "LUST'ING, n. Eager desire; inordinate desire; desire of carnal gratification."], "lustiness": ["LUST'INESS, n. Vigor of body; stoutness; strength; robustness; sturdiness.", "Cappadocian slaves were famous for their lustiness."], "lusty": ["LUST'Y, a. from lust.", "1. Stout; vigorous; robust; healthful; able of body. this is the correct sense of the word, comprehending full health and strength; as a lusty youth. But it is now used in the sense of,", "2. Bulky; large; of great size. This sense does not always include that of vigor.", "3. Handsome; pleasant; saucy. Obs.", "4. Copious; plentiful; as a lusty draught.", "5. Pregnant; a colloquial use."], "ly": ["LY, a termination of adjectives, is a contraction of Sax.lie, G.lich, D.lyk, Dan.lige, Sw.lik, Eng.like; as in lovely,manly, that is,love-like, man-like. As the termination of names, ly signifies field or plain, Sax. leag, Eng. lay, lea or ley, L. locus."], "lying": ["LY'ING, ppr. of lie. Being prostrate. See Lie.", "LY'ING, ppr. of lie. Telling falsehood.", "Lying in, being in childbirth.", "1. n. The act of bearing a child."], "lys": ["LYS, n. A chinese measure of length, equal to 533 yards."], "lydian": ["LYD'IAN, a. from Lydia.", "Noting a kind of soft slow music anciently in vogue.", "Lydian stone, flinty slate."], "mad": ["MAD, a.", "1. Disordered in intellect; distracted; furious.", "We must bind our passions in chains, lest like mad folks, they break their locks and bolts.", "2. Proceeding from disordered intellect or expressing it; as a mad demeanor.", "3. Enraged; furious; as a mad bull.", "And being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them, even to strange cities. Acts.26.", "4. Inflamed to excess with desire; excited with violent and unreasonable passion or appetite; infatuated; followed properly by after.", "The world is running made after farce, the extremity of bad poetry.", "\"Mad upon their idols,\" would be better rendered, \"Mad after their idols.\" Jer.1.", "5. Distracted with anxiety or trouble; extremely perplexed.", "Thou shalt be mad for the sight of thine eyes--", "Deut.28.", "6. Infatuated with folly.", "The spiritual man is mad. Hos.9.", "7. Inflamed with anger; very angry. This is a common and perhaps the most general sense of the word in America. It is thus used by Arbuthnot, and is perfectly proper.", "8. Proceeding from folly or infatuation.", "Mad wars destroy in one year the works of many years of peace.", "MAD, v.t. To make mad, furious or angry.", "MAD, v.i. To be mad, furious or wild.", "MAD"], "madding": ["MAD'DING, ppr. of mad. Raging; furious."], "madness": ["MAD'NESS, n. from mad. Distraction; a state of disordered reason or intellect, in which the patient raves or is furious.", "There are degrees of madness as of folly.", "1. Extreme folly; headstrong passion and rashness that act in opposition to reason; as the madness of a mob.", "2. Wildness of passion; fury; rage; as the madness of despair."], "made": ["MADE, n. An earthworm. But this is the Eng.moth."], "magician": ["MAGI'CIAN, n. One skilled in magic; one that practices the black art; an enchanter; a necromancer; a sorcerer or sorceress."], "magistral": ["MAG'ISTRAL, a. Suiting a magistrate; authoritative.", "MAG'ISTRAL, n. A sovereign medicine or remedy."], "magistrality": ["MAGISTRAL'ITY, n. Despotic authority in opinion."], "magistrally": ["MAG'ISTRALLY, adv. Authoritatively; with imperiousness."], "magistrate": ["MAG'ISTRATE, n. L. magistratus, from magister, master; magis, major, and ster, Teutonic steora, a director; steoran, to steer; the principal director. A public civil officer, invested with the executive government of some branch of it. In this sense, a king is the highest or first magistrate, as is the President of the United States. But the word is more particularly applied to subordinate officers, as governors, intendants, prefects, mayors, justices of the peace, and the like.", "The magistrate must have his reverence; the laws their authority."], "magnifiable": ["MAG'NIFIABLE, a. See Magnify. That may be magnified; worthy of being magnified or extolled."], "magnifier": ["MAG'NIFIER, n. from magnify. One who magnifies; one who extols or exalts in praises.", "1. A glass that magnifies; a convex lens which increases the apparent magnitude of bodies."], "magnify": ["MAGNIFY, v.t. L. magnifico; magnus, great, and facio, to make.", "1. To make great or greater; to increase the apparent dimensions of a body. A convex lens magnifies the bulk of a body to the eye.", "2. To make great in representation; to extol; to exalt in description or praise. The embassador magnified the king and queen.", "3. To extol; to exalt; to elevate; to raise in estimation.", "Thee that day", "Thy thunders magnified.", "The Lord magnified Solomon exceedingly. 1 Chron. 29.", "To magnify one's self, to raise in pride and pretensions.", "He shall magnify in his heart. Dan.8."], "magnifying": ["MAG'NIFYING, ppr. Enlarging apparent bulk or dimensions; extolling; exalting."], "magnifical": ["MAGNIF'ICAL, a. L. magnificus. Grand; splendid; illustrious."], "magnifically": ["MAGNIFICALLY, adv. In a magnificent manner."], "magnificate": ["MAGNIF'ICATE, v.t. To magnify or extol. Not used."], "magnificence": ["MAGNIFICENCE, n. L.magnificentia. Grandeur of appearance; greatness and splendor of show or state; as the magnificence of a palace or of a procession; the magnificence of a Roman triumph."], "magnificent": ["MAGNIF'ICENT, a. Grand in appearance; splendid; pompous.", "Man he made, and for him built", "Magnificent this world.", "1. Exhibiting grandeur."], "magnificently": ["MAGNIF'ICENTLY, adv. With splendor of appearance, or pomp of show. The minister was magnificently entertained at court.", "1. With exalted sentiments. We can never conceive too magnificently of the Creator and his works."], "maid": ["MAID, n. A species of skate fish."], "maiden": ["MA'IDEN, n.", "1. An unmarried woman, or a young unmarried woman; a virgin.", "2. A female servant.", "3. It is used in composition, to express the feminine gender, as in maid-servant.", "MA'IDEN, n. A maid; also, an instrument for beheading criminals, and another for washing linen.", "MA'IDEN, a. Pertaining to a young woman or virgin; as maiden charms.", "1. Consisting of young women or virgins.", "Amid the maiden throng.", "2. Fresh; new; unused.", "He fleshed his maiden sword.", "MA'IDEN, v.i. To speak and act demurely or modestly."], "mail": ["MAIL, n. L.macula.", "1. A coat of steel net-work, formerly worn for defending the body against swords, poniards, &c. The mail was of two sorts, chain and plate mail; the former consisting of iron rings, each having four others inserted into it; the latter consisting of a number of small lamins of metal, laid over one another like the scales of a fish, and sewed down to a strong linen or leathern jacket.", "2. Armor; that which defends the body.", "We strip the lobster of his scarlet mail.", "We read also of shirts of mail, and gloves of mail.", "3. In ships, a square machine composed of rings interwoven, like net-work, used for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines and white cordage.", "4. A rent. Also, a spot.", "MAIL, n. A bag for the conveyance of letters and papers, particularly letters conveyed from one post office to another, under public authority.", "MAIL, v.t. To put on a coat of mail or armor; to arm defensively.", "1. To inclose in a wrapper and direct to a post office. We say, letters were mailed for Philadelphia."], "mailed": ["MA'ILED, pp. Covered with a mail or with armor; inclosed and directed, as letters in a bundle.", "1. a. Spotted; speckled."], "mailing": ["MA'ILING, ppr. Investing with a coat of mail; inclosing in a wrapper and directing to a post office."], "maim": ["MAIM, v.t.", "1. To deprive of the use of a limb, so as to render a person less able to defend himself in fighting, or to annoy his adversary.", "2. To deprive of a necessary part; to cripple; to disable.", "You maim'd the jurisdiction of all bishops.", "MAIM, n. written in law-language, mayhem.", "1. The privation of the use of a limb or member of the body, so as to render the sufferer less able to defend himself or to annoy his adversary.", "2. The privation of any necessary part; a crippling.", "Surely there is more cause to fear lest the want thereof be a maim, than the use of it a blemish.", "3. Injury; mischief.", "4. Essential defect.", "A noble author esteems it to be a maim in history. Not used."], "maimed": ["MA'IMED, pp. Crippled; disabled in limbs; lame."], "maiming": ["MA'IMING, ppr. Disabling by depriving of the use of a limb; crippling; rendering lame or defective."], "maintain": ["MAINTA'IN, v.t. L. manus and teneo.", "1. To hold, preserve or keep in any particular state or condition; to support; to sustain; not to suffer to fail or decline; as, to maintain a certain degree of heat in a furnace; to maintain the digestive process or powers of the stomach; to maintain the fertility of soil; to maintain present character or reputation.", "2. To hold; to keep; not to lose or surrender; as, to maintain a place or post.", "3. To continue; not to suffer to cease; as, to maintain a conversation.", "4. To keep up; to uphold; to support the expense of; as, to maintain state or equipage.", "What maintains one vice would bring up two children.", "5. To support with food, clothing and other conveniences; as, to maintain a family by trade or labor.", "6. To support by intellectual powers, or by force of reason; as, to maintain an argument.", "7. To support; to defend; to vindicate; to justify; to prove to be just; as, to maintain one's right or cause.", "8. To support by assertion or argument; to affirm.", "In tragedy and satire, I maintain that this age and the last have excelled the ancients."], "maintainable": ["MAINTA'INABLE, a. That may be maintained, supported, preserved or sustained.", "1. That may be defended or kept by force or resistance; as, a military post is not maintainable.", "2. That may be defended by argument or just claim; vindicable; defensible."], "maintained": ["MAINTA'INED, pp. Kept in any state; preserved; upheld; supported; defended; vindicated."], "maintainer": ["MAINTA'INER, n. One who supports, preserves, sustains or vindicates."], "maintaining": ["MAINTA'INING, ppr. Supporting; preserving; upholding; defending; vindicating."], "maintenance": ["MA'INTENANCE, n. Sustenance; sustentation; support by means of supplies of food, clothing and other conveniences; as, his labor contributed little to the maintenance of his family.", "1. Means of support; that which supplies conveniences.", "Those of better fortune not making learning their maintenance.", "2. Support; protection; defense; vindication; as the maintenance of right or just claims.", "3. Continuance; security from failure or decline.", "Whatever is granted to the church for God's honor and the maintenance of his service, is granted to God.", "4. In law, an officious intermeddling in a suit in which the person has no interest, by assisting either party with money or means to prosecute or defend it. This is a punishable offense. But to assist a poor kinsman from compassion, is not maintenance."], "majesty": ["MAJ'ESTY, n. L. majestas, from the root of magis, major, more, greater.", "1. Greatness of appearance; dignity; grandeur; dignity of aspect or manner; the quality or state of a person or thing which inspires awe or reverence in the beholder; applied with peculiar propriety to God and his works.", "Jehovah reigneth; he is clothed with majesty. Ps.93.", "The voice of Jehovah is full of majesty. Ps.29.", "It is applied to the dignity, pomp and splendor of earthly princes.", "When he showed the riches of his glorious kingdom--the honor of his excellent majesty many days-- Esth.1.", "2. Dignity; elevation of manner.", "The first in loftiness of thought surpass'd,", "The next in majesty--", "3. A title of emperors, kings and queens; as most royal majesty; may it please your majesty. In this sense, it admits of the plural; as, their majesties attended the concert."], "make": ["MAKE, v.t. pret. and pp. made.", "1. To compel; to constrain.", "They should be made to rise at an early hour.", "2. To form of materials; to fashion; to mold into shape; to cause to exist in a different form, or as a distinct thing.", "He fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf. Ex.32.", "God not only made, but created; not only made the work, but the materials.", "3. To create; to cause to exist; to form from nothing. God made the materials of the earth and of all worlds.", "4. To compose; to constitute as parts, materials or ingredients united in a whole. These several sums make the whole amount.", "The heaven, the air, the earth, and boundless sea,", "Make but one temple for the deity.", "5. To form by art.", "And art with her contending, doth aspire", "T'excel the natural with made delights.", "6. To produce or effect, as the agent.", "Call for Sampson, that he may make us sport. Judges.16.", "7. To produce, as the cause; to procure; to obtain. Good tillage is necessary to make good crops.", "Wealth maketh many friends. Prov.19.", "8. To do; to perform; to execute; as, to make a journey; to make a long voyage.", "9. To cause to have any quality, as by change or alteration. Wealth may make a man proud; beauty may make a woman vain; a due sense of human weakness should make us humble.", "10. To bring into any state or condition; to constitute.", "See I have made thee a god to Pharaoh. Ex.7.", "Who made thee a prince and a judge over us? Ex.2.", "11. To contract; to establish; as, to make friendship.", "12. To keep; as, to make abode.", "13. To raise to good fortune; to secure in riches or happiness; as when it is said, he is made for this world.", "Who makes or ruins with a smile or frown.", "14. To suffer.", "He accuses Neptune unjustly, who makes shipwreck a second time.", "15. To incur; as, to make a loss. Improper.", "16. To commit; to do.", "I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of the faults which I made. Little used.", "17. To intend or to do; to purpose to do.", "Gomez, what mak'st thou here, with a whole brotherhood of city bailiffs? Not used.", "We now say, what doest thou here?", "18. To raise, as, profit; to gain; to collect; as, to make money in trade or by husbandry; to make an estate by steady industry.", "19. To discover; to arrive in sight of; a seaman's phrase, They made the land at nine o'clock on the larboard bow,distant five leagues.", "20. To reach; to arrive at; as, to make a port or harbor; a seaman's phrase.", "21. To gain by advance; as, to make little way with a head wind; we made our way to the next village. This phrase often implies difficulty.", "22. To provide; as, to make a dinner or entertainment.", "23. To put or place; as, to make a difference between strict right and expedience.", "24. To turn; to convert, as to use.", "Whate'er they catch,", "Their fury makes an instrument of war.", "25. To represent. He is not the fool you make him, that is, as your representation exhibits him.", "26. To constitute; to form. It is melancholy to think that sensual pleasure makes the happiness of a great part of mankind.", "27. To induce; to cause. Self-confidence makes a man rely too much on his own strength and resources.", "28. To put into a suitable or regular form for use; as, to make a bed.", "29. To fabricate; to forge. He made the story himself.", "30. To compose; to form and write; as, to make verses or an oration.", "31. To cure; to dry and prepare for preservation; as, to make hay.", "To make amends, to make good; to give adequate compensation; to replace the value or amount of loss.", "To make account of, to esteem; to regard.", "To make away, to kill; to destroy.", "1. To make free with, to treat with freedom; to treat without ceremony.make good, to maintain, to defend.", "I'll either die, or I'll make good the place.", "1. To fulfill; to accomplish; as, to make good one's word, promise or engagement.", "2. To make compensation for; to supply an equivalent; as, to make good a loss or damage.", "To make light of, to consider as of no consequence; to treat with indifference or contempt.", "They made light of it, and went their way. Matt.22.", "To make love,", "To make suit, to court; to attempt to gain the favor or affection.", "To make merry, to feast; to be joyful or jovial.", "To make much of, to treat with fondness or esteem; to consider as of great value, or as giving great pleasure.", "To make of, to understand. He knows not what to make of the news, that is, he does not well understand it; he knows not how to consider or view it.", "1. To produce from; to effect.", "I am astonished that those who have appeared against this paper, have made so very little of it.", "2. To consider; to account; to esteem.", "Makes she no more of me than of a slave?", "To make over, to transfer the title of; to convey; to alienate. He made over his estate in trust or in fee.", "To make out, to learn; to discover; to obtain a clear understanding of. I cannot make out the meaning or sense of this difficult passage. Antiquaries are not able to make out the inscription on this medal.", "1. To prove; to evince; to establish by evidence or argument. The plaintiff, not being able to make out his case, withdrew the suit.", "In the passages from divines, most of the reasonings which make out both my propositions are already suggested.", "2. To furnish; to find or supply. He promised to pay, but was not able to make out the money or the whole sum.", "To make sure of, to consider as certain.", "1. To secure to one's possession; as, to make sure of the game.", "To make up, to collect into a sum or mass; as, to make up the amount of rent; to make up a bundle or package.", "1. To reconcile; to compose; as, to make up a difference or quarrel.", "2. To repair; as, to make up a hedge. Ezek. 13.", "3. To supply what is wanting. A dollar is wanted to make up the stipulated sum.", "4. To compose, as ingredients or parts.", "Oh, he was all made up of love and charms!", "The parties among us are made up of moderate whigs and presbyterians.", "5. To shape; as, to make up a mass into pills.", "6. To assume a particular form of features; as, to make up a face; whence, to make up a lip, is to pout.", "7. To compensate; to make good; as, to make up a loss.", "8. To settle; to adjust, or to arrange for settlement; as, to make up accounts.", "9. To determine; to bring to a definite conclusion; as, to make up one's mind.", "In seamen's language, to make sail, to increase the quantity of sail already extended.", "To make sternway, to move with the stern foremost.", "To make water, to leak.", "To make words, to multiply words.", "MAKE, v.i. To tend; to proceed; to move. He made towards home. The tiger made at the sportsman. Formerly authors used to make way, to make on, to make forth, to make about; but these phrases are obsolete. We now say, to make at, to make towards.", "1. To contribute; to have effect. This argument makes nothing in his favor. He believes wrong to be right, and right to be wrong, when it makes for his advantage.", "2. To rise; to flow toward land; as, the tide makes fast.", "To make as if, to show; to appear; to carry appearance.", "Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled. Josh.8.", "To make away with, to kill; to destroy.", "To make for, to move towards; to direct a course towards; as, we apprehended a tempest approaching, and made for a harbor.", "1. To tend to advantage; to favor. A war between commercial nations makes for the interest of neutrals.", "To make against, to tend to injury. This argument makes against his cause.", "To make out, to succeed; to have success at last. He made out to reconcile the contending parties.", "To make up, to approach. He made up to us with boldness.", "To make up for, to compensate; to supply by an equivalent.", "Have you a supply of friends to make up for those who are gone?", "To make up with, to settle differences; to become friends.", "To make with, to concur.", "MAKE, n. Structure; texture; constitution of parts in a body. It may sometimes be synonymous with shape or form, but more properly, the word signifies the manner in which the parts of a body are united; as a man of slender make, or feeble make,", "Is our perfection of so frail a make", "As every plot can undermine and shake?", "MAKE, n. Eng. match; L. par. A companion; a mate."], "making": ["MA'KING, ppr. Forming; causing; compelling; creating; constituting.", "MA'KING, n. The act of forming, causing or constituting.", "1. Workmanship. This is cloth of your own making.", "2. Composition; structure.", "3. A poem."], "maker": ["MA'KER, n. The Creator.", "The universal Maker we may praise.", "1. One that makes, forms, shapes, or molds; a manufacturer; as a maker of watches, or of jewelry; a maker of cloth.", "2. A poet."], "male": ["MALE, a. L. masculus, from mas,maris.", "1. Pertaining to the sex that procreates young, and applied to animals of all kinds; as a male child; a male beast, fish, or fowl.", "2. Denoting the sex of a plant which produces the fecundating dust, or a flower or plant that bears the stamens only, without pistils.", "3. Denoting the screw whose threads enter the grooves or channels of the corresponding or female screw.", "MALE, n. Among animals, one of the sex whose office is to beget young; a he-animal.", "1. In botany, a plant of flower which produces stamens only, without pistils.", "2. In mechanics, the screw whose threads enter the grooves or channels of the corresponding part or female screw."], "malefactor": ["MALEFAC'TOR, n. supra. One who commits a crime; one guilty of violating the laws, in such a manner as to subject him to public prosecution and punishment, particularly to capital punishment; a criminal."], "malic": ["MA'LIC, a. L.malum, an apple. Pertaining to apples; drawn from the juice of apples; as malic acid."], "malice": ["MAL'ICE, n. L.malitia, from malus, evil. Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence; a disposition to injure others without cause, from mere personal gratification or from a spirit of revenge; unprovoked malignity or spite.", "--Nor set down aught in malice.", "MAL'ICE, v.t. To regard with extreme ill will. Not used."], "malicious": ["MALI'CIOUS, a. Harboring ill will or enmity without provocation; malevolent in the extreme; malignant in heart.", "I grant him bloody,", "Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin", "That has a name.", "1. Proceeding from extreme hatred or ill will; dictated by malice; as a malicious report."], "maliciously": ["MALI'CIOUSLY, adv. With malice; with extreme enmity or ill will; with deliberate intention to injure."], "maliciousness": ["MALI'CIOUSNESS, n. The quality of being malicious; extreme enmity or disposition to injure; malignity."], "malign": ["MALIGN, a. mali'ne. L. malignus, from malus, evil. See Malady.", "1. Having a very evil disposition towards others; harboring violent hatred or enmity; malicious; as malign spirits.", "2. Unfavorable; pernicious; tending to injure; as a malign aspect of planets.", "3. Malignant; pernicious; as a malign ulcer.", "MALIGN, v.t. To regard with envy or malice; to treat with extreme enmity; to injure maliciously.", "The people practice mischief against private men, whom they malign by stealing their goods and murdering them.", "1. To traduce; to defame.", "MALIGN, v.i. To entertain malice."], "malignancy": ["MALIG'NANCY, n. See Malignant. Extreme malevolence; bitter enmity; malice; as malignancy of heart.", "1. Unfavorableness; unpropitiousness; as the malignancy of the aspect of planets.", "The malignancy of my fate might distemper yours.", "2. Virulence; tendency to mortification or to a fatal issue; as the malignancy of an ulcer or of a fever."], "malignant": ["MALIG'NANT, a. L. malignus,maligno, from malus, evil.", "1. Malicious; having extreme malevolence or enmity; as a malignant heart.", "2. Unpropitious; exerting pernicious influence; as malignant start.", "3. Virulent; as a malignant ulcer.", "4. Dangerous to life; as a malignant fever.", "5. Extremely heinous; as the malignant nature of sin.", "MALIG'NANT, n. A man of extreme enmity or evil intentions. Not used."], "malignantly": ["MALIG'NANTLY, adv. Maliciously; with extreme malevolence.", "1. With pernicious influence."], "maligner": ["MALIGNER, n. One who regards or treats another with enmity; a traducer; a defamer."], "malignity": ["MALIG'NITY, n. L. malignitas. Extreme enmity, or evil dispositions of heart towards another; malice without provocation, or malevolence with baseness of heart; deep rooted spite.", "1. Virulence; destructive tendency; as the malignity of an ulcer or disease.", "2. Extreme evilness of nature; as the malignity of fraud.", "3. Extreme sinfulness; enormity or heinousness; as the malignity of sin."], "mallow": ["MALLOW, n. L. malva; Gr. soft; Eng. mellow.", "A plant of the genus Malva; so called form its emollient qualities.", "Marsh-mallows, a plant of the genus Althaea."], "mammon": ["MAM'MON, n. Riches; wealth; or the god or riches.", "Ye cannot serve God and mammon. Matt.6."], "man": ["MAN, n. plu. men. Heb.species, kind, image, similitude.", "1. Mankind; the human race; the whole species of human beings; beings distinguished from all other animals by the powers of reason and speech, as well as by their shape and dignified aspect. \"Os homini sublime dedit.\"", "And God said, Let us make man in our image, , after our likeness, and let them have dominion--Gen.1.", "Man that is born of a woman, is of few days and full of trouble. Job.14.", "My spirit shall not always strive with man. Gen.6.", "I will destroy man whom I have created. Gen.6.", "There hath no temptation taken you, but such as is common to man. 1 Cor.10.", "It is written,man shall not live by bread alone. Matt.4.", "There must be somewhere such a rank as man.", "Respecting man, whatever wrong we call--", "But vindicate the ways of God to man.", "The proper study of mankind is man.", "In the System of Nature, man is ranked as a distinct genus.", "When opposed to woman, man sometimes denotes the male sex in general.", "Woman has, in general, much stronger propensity than man to the discharge of parental duties.", "2. A male individual of the human race, of adult growth or years.", "The king is but a man as I am.", "And the man dreams but what the boy believed.", "3. A male of the human race; used often in compound words, or in the nature of an adjective; as a man-child; men-cooks; men-servants.", "4. A servant, or an attendant of the male sex.", "I and my man will presently go ride.", "5. A word of familiar address.", "We speak no treason, man.", "6. It sometimes bears the sense of a male adult of some uncommon qualifications; particularly,the sense of strength, vigor, bravery, virile powers, or magnanimity, as distinguished from the weakness, timidity or impotence of a boy, or from the narrow mindedness of low bred men.", "I dare do all that may become a man.", "Will reckons he should not have been the man he is, had he not broke windows--", "So in popular language, it is said, he is no man. Play your part like a man. He has not the spirit of a man.", "Thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth. 1 Sam.17.", "7. An individual of the human species.", "In matters of equity between man and man--", "Under this phraseology, females may be comprehended. So a law restraining man, or every man from a particular act, comprehends women and children, if of competent age to be the subjects of law.", "8. Man is sometimes opposed to boy or child, and sometimes to beast.", "9. One who is master of his mental powers, or who conducts himself with his usual judgment. When a person has lost his senses, or acts without his usual judgment, we say, he is not his own man.", "10. It is sometimes used indefinitely, without reference to a particular individual; any person; one. This is as much as a man can desire.", "A man, in an instant,may discover the assertion to be impossible.", "This word however is always used in the singular number, referring to an individual. In this respect it does not answer to the French on, nor to the use of man by our Saxon ancestors. In Saxon, man ofsloh, signifies,they slew; man sette ut, they set or fitted out. So in German, man sagt,may be rendered, one ways, it is said, they say, or people say. So in Danish, man siger, one says, it is said, they say.", "11. In popular usage, a husband.", "Every wife ought to answer for her man.", "12. A movable piece at chess or draughts.", "13. In feudal law, a vassal, a liege subject or tenant.", "The vassal or tenant, kneeling, ungirt,uncovered and holding up his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his man, from that day forth, of life, limb, and earthly honor.", "Man of war, a ship or war; an armed ship."], "manful": ["MAN'FUL, a. man and full. Having the spirit of a man; bold; brave; courageous.", "1. Noble; honorable."], "manfulness": ["MAN'FULNESS, n. Boldness; courageousness."], "mandrake": ["MAN'DRAKE, n. L. mandragoras. A plant of the genus Atropa, growing naturally in Spain, Italy and the Levant. It is a narcotic,and its fresh roots are a violent cathartic. Its effect in rendering barren women prolific is supposed to be imaginary."], "manger": ["MANGER, n. L. mando.", "1. A trough or box in which fodder is laid for cattle, or the place in which horses and cattle are fed.", "2. In ships of war, a space across the deck, within the hawse-holes, separated from the after part of the deck, to prevent the water which enters the hawse-holes from running over the deck."], "manifest": ["MAN'IFEST, a. L. manifestus.", "1. Plain, open, clearly visible to the eye or obvious to the understanding; apparent; not obscure or difficult to be seen or understood. From the testimony, the truth we conceive to be manifest.", "Thus manifest to sight the god appeared.", "That which may be known of God is manifest in them. Rom.1.", "2. Detected; with of.", "Calistho there stood manifest of shame. Unusual.", "MAN'IFEST, n. An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported or laden for export, to be exhibited at the custom-house by the master of the vessel, or the owner or shipper.", "MAN'IFEST"], "manifestation": ["MANIFESTA'TION, n. The act of disclosing what is secret, unseen or obscure; discovery to the eye or to the understanding; the exhibition of any thing by clear evidence; display; as the manifestation of God's power in creation, or of his benevolence in redemption.", "The secret manner in which acts of mercy ought to be performed, requires this public manifestation of them at the great day."], "manifested": ["MAN'IFESTED, pp. Made clear; disclosed; made apparent, obvious or evident."], "manifestible": ["MANIFEST'IBLE, a. That may be made evident."], "manifesting": ["MAN'IFESTING, ppr. Showing clearly; making evident; disclosing, displaying."], "manifestness": ["MAN'IFESTNESS, n. Clearness to the sight or mind; obviousness."], "manifestly": ["MAN'IFESTLY, adv. Clearly; evidently; plainly; in a manner to be clearly seen or understood."], "manifold": ["MAN'IFOLD, a. many and fold. Of divers kinds; many in number; numerous; multiplied.", "O Lord, how manifold are thy works! Ps.104.", "I know your manifold transgressions. Amos.5.", "1. Exhibited or appearing at divers times or in various ways; applied to words in the singular number; as the manifold wisdom of God, or his manifold grace. Eph.3. 1 Pet.4."], "manifolded": ["MAN'IFOLDED, a. Having many doublings or complications; as a manifolded shield. Not used."], "manifoldness": ["MAN'IFOLDNESS, n. Multiplicity."], "mankind": ["MANKIND, n. man and kind. This word admits the accent either on the first or second syllable; the distinction of accent being inconsiderable.", "1. The race or species of human beings.", "The proper study of mankind is man.", "2. A male, or the males of the human race.", "Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with womankind. Lev.18.", "MANKIND, a. Resembling man in form, not woman."], "manna": ["MAN'NA, n.", "1. A substance miraculously furnished as food for the Israelites in their journey through the wilderness of Arabia. Ex.16.", "Josephus, Ant.B.3.1. considers the Hebrew word man, to signify what. In conformity with this idea, the seventy translate the passage, Ex.16.15. what is this? which rendering seems to accord with the following words, for they knew not what it was. And in the Encyclopedia, the translators are charged with making Moses fall into a plain contradiction. Art. Manna. But Christ and his apostles confirm the common version: \"Not as your fathers ate manna, and are dead.\" John 6.58. Heb.9.4. And we have other evidence, that the present version is correct; for in the same chapter, Moses directed Aaron to \"take a pot and put a homer full of manna therein.\" Now it would be strange language to say, put an homer full of what, or what is it. So also verse 35. \"The children of Israel ate manna forty years, &c.\" In both verses, the Hebrew word is the same as in verse 15.", "2. In the materia medica, the juice of a certain tree of the ash-kind, the Fraxinus ornus, or flowering ash a native of Sicily, Calabria,and other parts of the south of Europe. It is either naturally concreted, or exsiccated and purified by art. The best manna is in oblong pieces or flakes of a whitish or pale yellow color, light, friable, and somewhat transparent. It is a mild laxative."], "manner": ["MAN'NER, n. L. manus, the hand.", "1. Form; method; way of performing or executing.", "Find thou the manner, and the means prepare.", "2. Custom; habitual practice.", "Show them the manner of the king that shall reign over them. This will be the manner of the king. 1 Sam.8.", "Paul, as his manner was--Acts 17.", "3. Sort; kind.", "Ye tithe mint and rue, and all manner of herbs. Luke 11.", "They shall say all manner of evil against you falsely--Matt.5.", "In this application, manner has the sense of a plural word; all sorts or kinds.", "4. Certain degree or measure. It is in a manner done already.", "The bread is in a manner common. 1 Sam.21.", "This use may also be sometimes defined by sort or fashion; as we say, a thing is done after a sort or fashion, that is, not well, fully or perfectly.", "Augustinus does in a manner confess the charge.", "5. Mien; cast of look; mode.", "Air and manner are more expressive than words.", "6. Peculiar way or carriage; distinct mode.", "It can hardly be imagined how great a difference was in the humor, disposition and manner of the army under Essex and that under Waller.", "A man's company may be known by his manner of expressing himself.", "7. Way; mode; of things.", "The temptations of prosperity insinuate themselves after a gentle, but very powerful manner.", "8. Way of service or worship.", "The nations which thou hast removed and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the manner of the god of the land--2 Kings 7.", "9. In painting, the particular habit of a painter in managing colors, lights and shades.", "MAN'NER, v.t. To instruct in manners."], "mannerism": ["MAN'NERISM, n. Adherence to the same manner; uniformity of manner."], "manners": ["MAN'NERS, n. plu. Deportment; carriage; behavior; conduct; course of life; in a moral sense.", "Evil communications corrupt good manners. 1 Cor.15.", "1. Ceremonious behavior; civility; decent and respectful deportment.", "Shall we, in our applications to the great God, take that to be religion, which the common reason of mankind will not allow to be manners?", "2. A bow or courtesy; as, make your manners; a popular use of the word."], "manservant": ["MAN'SERVANT, n. A male servant."], "mansion": ["MAN'SION, n. L. mansio, from maneo, to dwell.", "1. Any place of residence; a house; a habitation.", "Thy mansion wants thee, Adam, rise.", "In my Father's house are many mansions. John 14.", "2. The house of the lord of a manor.", "3. Residence; above.", "These poets near our princes sleep,", "And in one grave their mansions keep.", "MAN'SION, v.i. To dwell; to reside."], "manslayer": ["MAN'SLAYER, n. One that has slain a human being. The Israelites had cities of refuge for manslayers."], "mantle": ["MAN'TLE, n. Gr. a cloke.", "1. A kind of cloke or loose garment to be worn over other garments.", "The herald and children are clothed with mantles of satin.", "2. A cover.", "Well covered with the night's black mantle.", "3. A cover; that which conceals; as the mantle of charity.", "MAN'TLE, v.t. To cloke; to cover; to disguise.", "So the rising senses", "Begin to chase th'ignorant fumes, that mantle", "Their clearer reason.", "MAN'TLE, v.i. To expand; to spread.", "The swan with arched neck", "Between her white wings mantling, rows", "Her state with oary feet.", "1. To joy; to revel.", "My frail fancy, fed with full delights,", "Doth bathe in bliss, and mantleth most at ease.", "2. To be expanded; to be spread or extended.", "He gave the mantling vine to grow,", "A trophy to his love.", "3. To gather over and form a cover; to collect on the surface, as a covering.", "There is a sort of men, whose visages", "Do cream and mantle like a standing pond.", "And the brain dances to the mantling bowl.", "4. To rush to the face and cover it with a crimson color.", "When mantling blood", "Flow'd in his lovely cheeks.", "Fermentation cannot be deduced from mangling, otherwise than as a secondary sense.", "MAN'TLE,"], "mantling": ["MANT'LING, n. In heraldry,the representation of a mantle, or the drapery of a coat of arms."], "many": ["MANY, a. men'ny.", "1. Numerous; comprising a great number of individuals.", "Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Gen.17.", "Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Cor.1.", "Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Ps.34.", "It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number.", "As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account.", "So many laws argue so many sins.", "It is followed by as.", "As many as were willing-hearted brought bracelets. Ex.34.", "It precedes an or a, before a noun in the singular number.", "Full many a gem of purest ray serene.", "2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes powerful or much; as, they are too many for us.", "MANY, n. men'ny. A multitude; a great number of individuals; the people.", "O thou fond many.", "The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven.", "MANY, n. men'ny. A retinue of servants; household."], "mar": ["M`AR, v.t. L. marceo.", "1. To injure by cutting off a part, or by wounding and making defective; as, to mar a tree by incision.", "I pray you, mar no more trees by writing songs in their barks.", "Neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard. Lev.19.", "2. To injure; to hurt; to impair the strength or purity of.", "When brewers mar their malt with water.", "3. To injure; to diminish; to interrupt.", "But mirth is marred, and the good cheer is lost.", "4. To injure; to deform; to disfigure.", "Ire, envy and despair", "Marr'd all his borrow'd visage.", "His visage was so marred more than any man. Is.52.", "Moral evil alone mars the intellectual works of God.", "This word is not obsolete in America."], "mars": ["M`ARS, n. In mythology, the god of war; in modern usage, a planet; and in the old chimistry, a term for iron."], "maranatha": ["MARANA'THA, n. The Lord comes or has come; a word used by the apostle Paul in expressing a curse. This word was used in anathematizing persons for great crimes; as much as to say, \"may the Lord come quickly to take vengeance on thee for thy crimes.\""], "marble": ["M`ARBLE, n. L. marmor; Gr. white.", "1. The popular name of any species of calcarious stone or mineral, of a compact texture, and of a beautiful appearance, susceptible of a good polish. The varieties are numerous, and greatly diversified in color. Marble is limestone, or a stone which may be calcined to lime, a carbonate of lime; but limestone is a more general name, comprehending the calcarious stones of an inferior texture, as well as those which admit a fine polish. Marble is much used for statues, busts, pillars, chimney pieces, monuments, &c.", "2. A little ball of marble or other stone,used by children in play.", "3. A stone remarkable for some inscription or sculpture.", "Arundel marbles,", "Arundelian marbles, marble pieces with a chronicle of the city of Athens inscribed on them; presented to the university of Oxford, by Thomas, earl of Arundel.", "M`ARBLE, a. Made of marble; as a marble pillar."], "marbled": ["M`ARBLED, pp. Diversified in color; veined like marble."], "marbling": ["M`ARBLING, ppr. Variegating in colors; clouding or veining like marble.", "M`ARBLING, n. The art or practice of variegating in color, in imitation of marble."], "march": ["M`ARCH, n. L. Mars, the god of war.", "The third month of the year.", "M`ARCH, v.i. To border on; to be contiguous to.", "M`ARCH, v.i. L. marceo", "1. To move by steps and in order, as soldiers; to move in a military manner. We say, the army marched, or the troops marched.", "2. To walk in a grave, deliberate or stately manner.", "Like thee, great son of Jove, like thee,", "When clad in rising majesty,", "Thou marchest down o'er Delos' hills.", "M`ARCH, v.t. To cause to move, as an army. Buonaparte marched an immense army to Moscow, but he did not march them back to France.", "1. To cause to move in order or regular procession.", "M`ARCH, n.", "1. The walk or movement of soldiers in order, whether infantry or cavalry. The troops were fatigued with a long march.", "2. A grave, deliberate or solemn walk.", "The long majestic march.", "3. A slow or laborious march.", "4. A signal to move; a particular beat of the drum.", "5. Movement; progression; advance, as the march of reason; the march of mind."], "marches": ["M`ARCHES, n. plu. Borders; limits; confines; as lord of the marches."], "marching": ["M`ARCHING, ppr. Moving or walking in order or in a stately manner.", "M`ARCHING, n. Military movement; passage of troops."], "marinate": ["MAR'INATE, v.t. To salt or pickle fish, and then preserve them in oil or vinegar. Little used."], "marine": ["MARINE, a. L. marinus, from mare,the sea.", "1. Pertaining to the sea; as marine productions or bodies; marine shells.", "2. Transacted at sea; done on the ocean; as a marine engagement.", "3. Doing duty on the sea; as a marine officer; marine forces.", "MARINE, n. A soldier that serves on board of a ship in naval engagements. In the plural, marines, a body of troops trained to do military service on board of ships.", "1. The whole navy of a kingdom or state.", "2. The whole economy of naval affairs, comprehending the building, rigging, equipping,navigating and management of ships of war in engagements."], "mariner": ["MAR'INER, n. L. mare,the sea. A seaman or sailor; one whose occupation is to assist in navigating ships."], "marish": ["MAR'ISH, n. L. mare. Low ground, wet or covered with water and coarse grass; a fen; a bog; a moor. It is now written marsh, which see.", "MAR'ISH, a. Morry; fenny; boggy."], "mark": ["M`ARK, n. L. mercor, the primary sense of which is to go, to pass; Gr. to pass; Eng. fair, and fare.", "1. A visible line made by drawing one substance on another; as a mark made by chalk or charcoal, or a pen.", "2. A line, groove or depression made by stamping or cutting; an incision; a channel or impression; as the mark of a chisel, of a stamp, of a rod or whip; the mark of the finger or foot.", "3. Any note or sign of distinction.", "The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen.4.", "4. Any visible effect of force or agency.", "There are scarce any marks left of a subterraneous fire.", "5. Any apparent or intelligible effect; proof, evidence.", "The confusion of tongues was a mark of separation.", "6. Notice taken.", "The laws", "Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop,", "As much for mock as mark.", "7. Any thing to which a missile weapon may be directed.", "France was a fairer mark to shoot at than Ireland.", "8. Any object used as a guide, or to which the mind may be directed. The dome of the State house in Boston is a good mark for seamen.", "9. Any thing visible by which knowledge of something may be obtained; indication; as the marks of age in a horse. Civility is a mark of politeness or respect. Levity is a mark of weakness.", "10. A character made by a person who cannot write his name, and intended as a substitute for it.", "11. A weight of certain commodities, but particularly of gold and silver, used in several states of Europe; in Great Britain, a money of account, equal to thirteen shillings and four pence. In some countries, it is a coin.", "12. A license of reprisals. See Marque.", "M`ARK, v.t.", "1. To draw or make a visible line or character with any substance; as, to mark with chalk or with compasses.", "2. To stamp; to impress; to make a visible impression, figure or indenture; as, to mark a sheep with a brand.", "3. To make an incision; to lop off a part; to make any sign of distinction; as, to mark sheep or cattle by cuts in their ears.", "4. To form a name or the initials of a name for distinction; as, to mark cloth; to mark a handkerchief.", "5. To notice; to take particular observation of.", "Mark them who cause divisions and offenses. Rom.16.", "Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace. Ps.37.", "6. To heed; to regard.", "To mark out, to notify, as by a mark; to point out; to designate. The ringleaders were marked out for seizure and punishment.", "M`ARK, v.i. To note; to observe critically; to take particular notice; to remark.", "Mark, I pray you,and see how this man seeketh mischief. l Kings 20."], "marked": ["M`ARKED, pp. Impressed with any note or figure of distinction; noted; distinguished by some character."], "market": ["M`ARKET, n. L. mercatus, from mercor,to buy.", "1. A public place in a city or town, where provisions or cattle are exposed to sale; an appointed place for selling and buying at private sale, a distinguished from an auction.", "2. A public building in which provisions are exposed to sale; a market-house.", "3. Sale; the exchange of provisions or goods for money; purchase or rate of purchase and sale. The seller says he comes to a bad market, when the buyer says he comes to a good market. We say, the markets are low or high; by which we understand the price or rate of purchase. We say that commodities find a quick or ready market; markets are dull. We are not able to find a market for our goods or provisions.", "4. Place of sale; as the British market; the American market.", "5. The privilege of keeping a public market.", "M`ARKET, v.i. To deal in market; to buy or sell; to make bargains for provisions or goods."], "marketable": ["M`ARKETABLE, n. That may be sold; salable.", "1. Current in market; as marketable value."], "marriage": ["MAR'RIAGE, n. L.mas, maris. The act of uniting a man and woman for life; wedlock; the legal union of a man and woman for life. Marriage is a contract both civil and religious, by which the parties engage to live together in mutual affection and fidelity, till death shall separate them. Marriage was instituted by God himself for the purpose of preventing the promiscuous intercourse of the sexes, for promoting domestic felicity,and for securing the maintenance and education of children.", "Marriage is honorable in all and the bed undefiled. Heb.13.", "1. A feast made on the occasion of a marriage.", "The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king, who made a marriage for his son. Matt.22.", "2. In a scriptural sense, the union between Christ and his church by the covenant of grace. Rev.19."], "marriageable": ["MAR'RIAGEABLE, a. Of an age suitable for marriage; fit to be married. Young persons are marriageable at an earlier age in warm climates than in cold.", "1. Capable of union."], "married": ["MAR'RIED, pp. from marry. United in wedlock.", "1. a. Conjugal; connubial; as the married state."], "marry": ["MAR'RY, v.t. L. mas, maris, a male; L. vir, a husband, a lord or master.", "1. To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to join a man and woman for life, and constitute them man and wife according to the laws or customs of a nation. By the laws, ordained clergymen have a right to marry persons within certain limits prescribed.", "Tell him he shall marry the couple himself.", "2. To dispose of in wedlock.", "Mecaenas told Augustus he must either marry his daughter Julia to Agrippa, or take away his life.", "In this sense, it is properly applicable to females only.", "3. To take for husband or wife. We say, a man marries a woman; or a woman marries a man. The first was the original sense,but both are now well authorized.", "4. In Scripture, to unite in covenant, or in the closest connection.", "Turn, O backsliding children, saith Jehovah, for I am married to you. Jer.3.", "MAR'RY, v.i. To enter into the conjugal state; to unite as husband and wife; to take a husband or a wife.", "If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry. Matt.19.", "I will therefore that the younger women marry. 1 Tim.5.", "MAR'RY, a term of asseveration, is said to have been derived from the practice of swearing by the virgin Mary. It is obsolete."], "marrow": ["MAR'ROW, n.", "1. A soft oleaginous substance contained in the cavities of animal bones.", "2. The essence; the best part.", "3. In the Scottish dialect, a companion; fellow; associate; match.", "MAR'ROW, v.t. To fill with marrow or with fat; to glut."], "mart": ["M`ART, n. from market. A place of sale or traffick. It was formerly applied chiefly to markets and fairs in cities and towns, but it has now a more extensive application. We say, the United States are a principal mart for English goods; England and France are the marts of American cotton.", "1. Bargain; purchase and sale. Not used.", "M`ART, v.t. To buy and sell; to traffick. Not used."], "martyr": ["M`ARTYR, n. Gr. a witness. One who, by his death, bears witness to the truth of the gospel. Stephen was the first christian martyr.", "To be a martyr signifies only to witness the truth of Christ.", "1. One who suffers death in defense of any cause. We say, a man dies a martyr to his political principles or to the cause of liberty.", "M`ARTYR, v.t. To put to death for adhering to what one believes to be the truth; to sacrifice one on account of his faith or profession.", "1. To murder; to destroy."], "martyrize": ["M`ARTYRIZE, v.t. To offer as a martyr. Little used."], "marvel": ["M`ARVEL, n. L. mirabilis, wonderful, from miror; demiror, mora, delay, and perhaps morior; Eng. demur, &c.", "1. A wonder; that which arrests the attention and causes a person to stand or gaze, or to pause. This word is nearly obsolete, or at least little used in elegant writings.", "2. Wonder; admiration.", "Marvel of Peru, a plant of the genus Mirabilis.", "M`ARVEL, v.i. To wonder. It expresses less than astonish or amaze. Nearly obsolete."], "marveling": ["M`ARVELING, ppr. Wondering."], "marvelous": ["M`ARVELOUS, a.", "1. Wonderful; strange; exciting wonder or some degree of surprise.", "This is the Lord's doing; it is marvelous in our eyes. Ps.118.", "2. Surpassing credit; incredible.", "3. The marvelous, in writings, is that which exceeds natural power, or is preternatural; opposed to probable.", "4. Formerly used adverbially for wonderfully, exceedingly."], "marvelously": ["M`ARVELOUSLY, adv. Wonderfully; strangely; in a manner to excite wonder or surprise."], "marvelousness": ["M`ARVELOUSNESS, n. Wonderfulness; strangeness."], "mash": ["MASH, n. L. mastico.", "1. A mixture or mass of ingredients, beaten or blended together in a promiscuous manner.", "2. A mixture for a horse.", "3. A mesh. See Mesh, the more common orthography.", "MASH, v.t. To beat into a confused mass.", "1. To bruise; to crush by beating or pressure; as, to mash apples in a mill.", "2. To mix malt and water together in brewing."], "mashed": ["MASH'ED, pp. Beat into a mass; bruised; crushed; mixed into a mash."], "mashing": ["MASH'ING, ppr. Beating into a mass; bruising; crushing."], "mason": ["MA'SON, n. ma'sn.", "1. A man whose occupation is to lay bricks and stones, or to construct the walls of buildings, chimneys and the like, which consist of bricks or stones.", "2. A member of the fraternity of free masons."], "masonic": ["MASON'IC, a. Pertaining to the craft or mysteries of free masons."], "mast": ["M`AST, n. A long, round piece of timber, elevated or designed to be raised perpendicularly or nearly so, on the keel of a ship or other vessel, to which the yards,sails and rigging are attached, and by which they are supported. A mast is a single stick, formed from the trunk of a tree, or it consists of many pieces of timber united by iron bands. Masts are of several kinds, as the main-mast, fore-mast, mizzen-mast, top-mast, top-gallant-mast, &c.", "M`AST, n. The fruit of the oak and beech, or other forest trees; nuts; acorns. It has no plural."], "masted": ["M`ASTED, a. Furnished with a mast or masts."], "mastful": ["M`ASTFUL, a. from mast. Abounding with mast, or fruit of oak, beech and other forest trees; as the mastful chestnut."], "master": ["M`ASTER, n. L. magister, compounded of the root of magis, major, greater.", "1. A man who rules, governs or directs either men or business. A man who owns slaves is their master; he who has servants is their master; he who has apprentices is their master, as he has the government and direction of them. The man who superintends and directs any business, is master, or master workman.", "O thou my friend, my genius, come along,", "Thou master of the poet and the song.", "Nations that want protectors, will have masters.", "2. A director, head, or chief manager; as the master of a feast.", "3. The owner; proprietor; with the idea of governing. The master of a house may be the owner, or the occupant, who has a temporary right of governing it.", "It would be believed that he rather took the horse for his subject, than his master.", "4. A lord; a ruler; one who has supreme dominion.", "Caesar, the world's great master and his own.", "5. A chief; a principal; as the master root of a plant.", "One master passion swallows up the rest.", "6. One who has possession, and the power of controlling or using at pleasure.", "When I have made myself master of a hundred thousand drachmas--", "7. The commander of a merchant ship.", "8. In ships of war, an officer who takes rank immediately after the lieutenants,and navigates the ship under the direction of the captain.", "9. The director of a school; a teacher; an instructor.", "In this sense the word is giving place to the more appropriate words teacher, instructor and preceptor; at least it is so in the United States.", "10. One uncontrolled.", "Let every man be master of his time.", "11. An appellation of respect.", "Master doctor, you have brought those drugs.", "12. An appellation given to young men.", "Where there are little masters and misses in a house--", "13. A man eminently or perfectly skilled in any occupation, art or science. We say, a man is master of his business; a great master of music, of the flute or violin; a master of his subject, &c.", "14. A title of dignity in colleges and universities; as Master of Arts.", "15. The chief of a society; as the Grand Master of Malta, of free-masons, &c.", "16. The director of ceremonies at public places, or on public occasions.", "17. The president of a college.", "Master in chancery, an assistant of the lord chancellor, chosen from among the barristers to sit in chancery, or at the rolls.", "To be master of one's self, to have the command or control of one's own passions.", "The word master has numerous applications, in all of which it has the sense of director, chief or superintendent.", "As a title of respect given to adult persons, it is pronounced mister; a pronunciation which seems to have been derived from some of the northern dialects. supra.", "M`ASTER, v.i. To conquer; to overpower; to subdue; to bring under control.", "Obstinacy and willful neglect must be mastered, even though it costs blows.", "Evil customs must be mastered by degrees.", "1. To execute with skill.", "I will not offer that which I cannot master.", "2. To rule; to govern.", "--And rather father thee than master thee. Not used.", "M`ASTER, v.i. To be skillful; to excel."], "masterful": ["M`ASTERFUL, a. Having the skill of a master; also, imperious; arbitrary."], "mastery": ["M`ASTERY, n. Dominion; power of governing or commanding.", "If divided by mountains, they will fight for the mastery of the passages of the tops--", "1. Superiority in competition; preeminence.", "Every man that striveth for the mystery, is temperate in all things. 1 Cor.9.", "2. Victory in war.", "It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery. Ex.32.", "3. Eminent skill; superior dexterity.", "He could attain to a mastery in all languages.", "4. Attainment of eminent skill or power.", "The learning and mastery of a tongue being unpleasant in itself, should not be cumbered with other difficulties."], "mate": ["MATE, n.", "1. A companion; an associate; one who customarily associates with another. Young persons nearly of an age, and frequently associating, are called mates or playmates.", "2. A husband or wife.", "3. The male or female of animals which associate for propagation and the care of their young.", "4. One that eats at the same table.", "5. One that attends the same school; a school-mate.", "6. An officer in a merchant ship or ship of war, whose duty is to assist the master or commander. In a merchant ship, the mate,in the absence of the master, takes command of the ship. Large ships have a first, second, and third mate.", "In general, mate, in compound words, denotes an assistant, and ranks next in subordination to the principal; as master's mate; surgeon's mate, &c.", "MATE, n. In chess, the state of the king so situated that he cannot escape.", "MATE, v.t. To match; to marry.", "1. To equal; to be equal to.", "For thus the mastful chestnut mates the skies.", "2. To oppose; to equal.", "--I i' th' way of loyalty and truth,", "Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be.", "MATE, v.t. To enervate; to subdue; to crush.", "Audacity doth almost bind and mate the weaker sort of minds. Not used."], "matrix": ["MA'TRIX, n. L. matrix, from mater, mother.", "1. The womb; the cavity in which the fetus of an animal is formed and nourished till its birth.", "2. A mold; the cavity in which any thing is formed, and which gives it shape; as the matrix of a type.", "3. The place where any thing is formed or produced; as the matrix of metals; gang.", "4. In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, white, blue, red and yellow, of which all the rest are composed."], "matter": ["MAT'TER, n. L. materia; Heb. to measure; L. metior.", "1. Substance excreted from living animal bodies; that which is thrown our of discharged in a tumor,boil or abscess; pus; purulent substance collected in an abscess, the effect of suppuration more or less perfect; as digested matter; sanious matter.", "2. Body; substance extended; that which is visible or tangible; as earth, wood, stone, air, vapor, water.", "3. In a more general and philosophic sense, the substance of which all bodies are composed; the substratum of sensible qualities, though the parts composing the substratum may not be visible or tangible.", "Matter is usually divided by philosophical writers into four kinds or classes; solid, liquid; aeriform, and imponderable. Solid substances are those whose parts firmly cohere and resist impression, as wood or stone; liquids have free motion among their parts, and easily yield to impression, as water and wine. Aeriform substances are elastic fluids, called vapors and gases, as air and oxygen gas. The imponderable substances are destitute of weight, as light, caloric, electricity, and magnetism.", "4. Subject; thing treated; that about which we write or speak; that which employs thought or excites emotion; as, this is matter of praise, of gratitude, or of astonishment.", "Son of God, Savior of men, thy name", "Shall be the copious matter of my song.", "5. The very thing supposed or intended.", "He grants the deluge to have come so very near the matter, that few escaped.", "6. Affair; business; event; thing; course of things. Matters have succeeded well thus far; observe how matters stand; thus the matter rests at present; thus the matter ended.", "To help the matter,the alchimists call in many vanities from astrology.", "Some young female seems to have carried matters so far, that she is ripe for asking advice.", "7. Cause of any event, as of any disturbance, of a disease, or of a difficulty. When a moving machine stops suddenly, we ask, what is the matter? When a person is ill, we ask, what is the matter? When a tumult or quarrel takes place, we ask, what is the matter?", "8. Subject of complaint; suit; demand.", "If the matter should be tried by duel between two champions--", "Every great matter they shall bring to thee, but every small matter they shall judge-- Ex.18.", "9. Import; consequence; importance; moment.", "A prophet some, and some a poet cry,", "No matter which, so neither of them lie.", "10. Space of time; a portion of distance.", "I have thoughts to tarry a small matter.", "Away he goes, a matter of seven miles--", "In these last senses,the use of matter is now vulgar.", "Upon the matter, considering the whole; taking all things into view. This phrase is now obsolete; but in lieu of it, we sometimes use, upon the whole matter.", "Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horse, but were, upon the whole matter, equal in foot.", "Matter of record, that which is recorded, or which may be proved by record.", "MAT'TER, v.i. To be of importance; to import; used with it, this, that, or what. This matters not; that matters not; chiefly used in negative phrases; as, what matters it?", "It matters not how they are called, so we know who they are.", "1. To maturate; to form pus; to collect, as matter in an abscess.", "Each slight sore mattereth. Little used.", "We now use maturate.", "MAT'TER, v.t. To regard. Not used."], "mattock": ["MAT'TOCK, n. A tool to grub up weeds or roots; a grubbing hoe."], "maul": ["MAUL, n. L. malleus. See Mall.", "A heavy wooden hammer; written also mall.", "MAUL, v.t. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or cudgel; to wound in a coarse manner.", "Meek modern faith to murder, hack and maul."], "maw": ["MAW, n.", "1. The stomach of brutes; applied to the stomach of human beings in contempt only.", "2. The craw of fowls."], "may": ["MAY, n. L. Maius.", "1. The fifth month of the year, beginning with January, but the third, beginning with March, as was the ancient practice of the Romans.", "2. A young woman.", "3. The early part of life.", "His May of youth and bloom of lustihood.", "MAY, v.i. To gather flowers in May-morning.", "MAY, verb aux; pret.might.", "1. To be possible. We say, a thing may be, or may not be; an event may happen; a thing may be done, if means are not wanting.", "2. To have physical power; to be able.", "Make the most of life you may.", "3. To have moral power; to have liberty, leave, license or permission; to be permitted; to be allowed. A man may do what the laws permit. He may do what is not against decency, propriety or good manners. We may not violate the laws, or the rules of good breeding. I told the servant he might be absent.", "Thou mayest be no longer steward. Luke 16.", "4. It is used in prayer and petitions to express desire. O may we never experience the evils we dread. So also in expressions of good will. May you live happily, and be a blessing to your country. It was formerly used for can, and its radical sense is the same.", "May be, it may be, are expressions equivalent to perhaps, by chance, peradventure, that is, it is possible to be."], "maying": ["MA'YING, n. The gathering of flowers on May-day."], "me": ["ME, pron. pers.; the objective case of I, answering to the oblique cases of ego, in Latin. L. mihi. Follow me; give to me; go with me. The phrase \"I followed me close,\" is not in use. Before think, as in methinks, me is properly in the dative case,and the verb is impersonal; the construction is, it appears to me."], "meadow": ["MEADOW, n. med'o. A tract of low land. In America, the word is applied particularly to the low ground on the banks of rivers, consisting of a rich mold or an alluvial soil, whether grass land, pasture, tillage or wood land; as the meadows on the banks of the Connecticut. The word with us does not necessarily imply wet land. This species of land is called, in the western states, bottoms, or bottom land. The word is also used for other low or flat lands, particularly lands appropriated to the culture of grass.", "The word is said to be applied in Great Britain to land somewhat watery, but covered with grass.", "Meadow means pasture or grass land, annually mown for hay; but more particularly, land too moist for cattle to graze on in winter, without spoiling the sward.", "Mead is used chiefly in poetry."], "meal": ["MEAL, n.", "1. A portion of food taken at one time; a repast. It is customary in the U. States to eat three meals in a day. The principal meal of our ancestors was dinner, at noon.", "2. A part; a fragment; in the word piece-meal.", "MEAL, n. L. mola, mollis; Eng.mellow.", "1. The substance of edible grain ground to fine particles, and not bolted or sifted. Meal primarily includes the bran as well as the flour. Since bolting has been generally practiced, the word meal is not generally applied to the finer part, or flour, at least in the United States, though I believe it is sometimes so used. In New England, meal is now usually applied to ground maiz, whether bolted or unbolted, called Indian meal, or corn-meal. The words wheat-meal,and rye-meal are rarely used,though not wholly extinct; and meal occurs also in oatmeal.", "2. Flour; the finer part of pulverized grain.", "This sense is now uncommon.", "MEAL, v.t. To sprinkle with meal, or to mix meal with. Little used."], "mean": ["MEAN, a. L. communis, vulgus, minor and minuo.", "1. Wanting dignity; low in rank or birth; as a man of mean parentage,mean birth or origin.", "2. Wanting dignity of mind; low minded; base; destitute of honor; spiritless.", "Can you imagine I so mean could prove,", "To save my life by changing of my love?", "3. Contemptible; despicable.", "The Roman legions and great Caesar found", "Our fathers no mean foes.", "4. Of little value; low in worth or estimation; worthy of little or no regard.", "We fast, not to please men, nor to promote any mean worldly interest.", "5. Of little value; humble; poor; as a mean abode; a mean dress.", "MEAN, a. L. medium, medius.", "1. Middle; at an equal distance from the extremes; as the means distance; the mean proportion between quantities; the mean ratio.", "According to the fittest style of lofty, mean, or lowly.", "2. Intervening; intermediate; coming between; as in the mean time or while.", "MEAN, n. The middle point or place; the middle rate or degree; mediocrity; medium. Observe the golden mean.", "There is a mean in all things.", "But no authority of gods or men", "Allow of any mean in poesy.", "1. Intervening time; interval of time; interim; meantime.", "And in the mean, vouchsafe her honorable tomb.", "Here is an omission of time or while.", "2. Measure; regulation. Not in use.", "3. Instrument; that which is used to effect an object; the medium through which something is done.", "The virtuous conversation of christians was a mean to work the conversion of the heathen to Christ.", "In this sense, means, in the plural,is generally used, and often with a definitive and verb in the singular.", "By this means he had them more at vantage.", "A good character,when established, should not be rested on as an end, but employed as a means of doing good.", "4. Means, in the plural, income, revenue, resources, substance or estate, considered as the instrument of effecting any purpose. He would have built a house, but he wanted means.", "Your means are slender.", "5. Instrument of action or performance.", "By all means, without fail. Go, by all means.", "By no means, not at all; certainly not; not in any degree.", "The wine on this side of the lake is by no means so good as that on the other.", "By no manner of means, by no means; not the least.", "By any means, possibly; at all.", "If by any means I might attain to the resurrection of the dead. Phil.3.", "Meantime", "Meanwhile, in the intervening time. In this use of these words there is an omission of in or in the; in the meantime.", "MEAN, v.t. pret. and pp. meant; pronounced ment. L. mens; Eng.mind; L. intendo, propono.", "1. To have in the mind, view or contemplation; to intend.", "What mean you by this service? Ex.12.", "2. To intend; to purpose; to design, with reference to a future act.", "Ye thought evil against me, but God meant it for good. Gen.1.", "3. To signify; to indicate.", "What mean these seven ewe lambs? Gen.21.", "What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? 1 Sam.4.", "Go ye, and learn what that meaneth-- Matt.9.", "MEAN, v.i. To have thought or ideas; or to have meaning."], "meaning": ["ME'ANING, ppr. Having in mind; intending; signifying.", "ME'ANING, n. That which exists in the mind, view or contemplation as a settled aim or purpose, though not directly expressed. We say, this or that is not his meaning.", "1. Intention; purpose; aim; with reference to a future act.", "I am no honest man, if there by any good meaning towards you.", "2. Signification. What is the meaning of all this parade? The meaning of a hieroglyphic is not always obvious.", "3. The sense of words or expressions; that which is to be understood; signification; that which the writer or speaker intends to express or communicate. Words have a literal meaning, or a metaphorical meaning, and it is not always easy to ascertain the real meaning.", "4. Sense; power of thinking. Little used."], "meanness": ["ME'ANNESS, n. Want of dignity or rank; low state; as meanness of birth or condition. Poverty is not always meanness; it may be connected with it, but men of dignified minds and manners are often poor.", "1. Want of excellence of any kind; poorness; rudeness.", "This figure is of a later date, by the meanness of the workmanship.", "2. Lowness of mind; want of dignity and elevation; want of honor. Meanness in men incurs contempt. All dishonesty is meanness.", "3. Sordidness; niggardliness; opposed to liberality or charitableness. Meanness is very different from frugality.", "4. Want of richness; poorness; as the meanness of dress or equipage."], "meant": ["MEANT, pret. and pp. of mean."], "measurable": ["MEASURABLE, a. mezh'urable. See Measure.", "1. That may be measured; susceptible of mensuration or computation.", "2. Moderate; in small quantity or extent."], "measurableness": ["MEASURABLENESS, n. mezh'urableness.", "The quality of admitting mensuration."], "measurably": ["MEASURABLY, adv. mezh'urably. Moderately; in a limited degree."], "measure": ["MEASURE, n. mezh'ur. L. mensura, from mensus, with a casual n, the participle of metior, to measure; Eng. to mete.", "1. The whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length, breadth and thickness.", "The measure thereof is longer than the earth and broader than the sea. Job.11.", "It is applied also to length or to breadth separately.", "2. That by which extent or dimension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness, capacity, or amount; as, a rod or pole is a measure of five yards and a half; an inch, a foot, a yard, are measures of length; a gallon is a measure of capacity. Weights and measures should be uniform. Silver and gold are the common measure of value.", "3. A limited or definite quantity; as a measure of wine or beer.", "4. Determined extent or length; limit.", "Lord, make me to know my end, and the measure of my days. Ps.39.", "5. A rule by which any thing is adjusted or proportioned.", "God's goodness is the measure of his providence.", "6. Proportion; quantity settled.", "I enter not into the particulars of the law of nature, or its measures of punishment; yet there is such a law.", "7. Full or sufficient quantity.", "I'll never pause again,", "Till either death hath clos'd these eyes of mine,", "Or fortune given me measure of revenge.", "8. Extent of power or office.", "We will not boast of things without our measure.", "2 Cor.10.", "9. Portion allotted; extent of ability.", "If else thou seekest", "Aught not surpassing human measure, say.", "10. Degree; quantity indefinite.", "I have laid down, in some measure,the description of the old world.", "A great measure of discretion is to be used in the performance of confession.", "11. In music, that division by which the motion of music is regulated; or the interval or space of time between the rising and falling of the hand or foot of him who beats time. This measure regulates the time of dwelling on each note. The ordinary or common measure is one second.", "12. In poetry, the measure or meter is the manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or the long and short syllables. Thus,hexameter, pentameter, Iambic, Sapphic verses, &c. consist of different measure.", "13. In dancing, the interval between steps, corresponding to the interval between notes in the music.", "My legs can keep no measure in delight.", "14. In geometry, any quantity assumed as one or unity, to which the ratio of other homogeneous or similar quantities is expressed.", "15. Means to an end; an act, step or proceeding towards the accomplishment of an object; an extensive signification of the word, applicable to almost every act preparatory to a final end, and by which it is to be attained. Thus we speak of legislative measures, political measures, public measures, prudent measures, a rash measure, effectual measures, inefficient measures.", "In measure, with moderation; with excess.", "Without measure, without limits; very largely or copiously.", "To have hard measure, to be harshly or oppressively treated.", "Lineal or long measure, measure of length; the measure of lines or distances.", "Liquid measure, the measure of liquors.", "MEASURE, v.t. mezh'ur. To compute or ascertain extent, quantity, dimensions or capacity by a certain rule; as, to measure land; to measure distance; to measure the altitude of a mountain; to measure the capacity of a ship or of a cask.", "1. To ascertain the degree of any thing; as, to measure the degrees of heat, or of moisture.", "2. To pass through or over.", "We must measure twenty miles to day.", "The vessel plows the sea,", "And measures back with speed her former way.", "3. To judge of distance, extent or quantity; as, to measure any thing by the eye.", "Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite", "Thy power; what thought can measure thee?", "4. To adjust; to proportion.", "To secure a contended spirit, measure your desires by your fortunes, not your fortunes by your desires.", "5. To allot or distribute by measure.", "With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. Matt.7."], "measured": ["MEASURED, pp. mezh'ured. Computed or ascertained by a rule; adjusted; proportioned; passed over.", "1. a. Equal; uniform; steady. He walked with measured steps."], "measurement": ["MEASUREMENT, n. mezh'urment. The act of measuring; mensuration."], "measurer": ["MEASURER, n. mezh'urer. One who measures; one whose occupation or duty is to measure commodities in market."], "measuring": ["MEASURING, ppr. mezh'uring. Computing or ascertaining length, dimensions, capacity or amount.", "1. a. A measuring cast, a throw or cast that requires to be measured, or not to be distinguished from another but by measuring."], "meat": ["MEAT, n.", "1. Food in general; any thing eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast.", "And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb--to you it shall be for meat. Gen.1.", "Every moving thing that liveth, shall be meat for you.", "Gen.9.", "Thy carcass shall be meat to all fowls of the air.", "Deut.28.", "2. The flesh of animals used as food. This is now the more usual sense of the word. The meat of carnivorous animals is tough, coarse and ill flavored. The meat of herbivorous animals is generally palatable.", "3. In Scripture, spiritual food; that which sustains and nourishes spiritual life or holiness.", "My flesh is meat indeed. John.6.", "4. Spiritual comfort; that which delights the soul.", "My meat is to do the will of him that sent me. John.4.", "5. Products of the earth proper for food. Hab.3.", "6. The more abstruse doctrines of the gospel, or mysteries of religion. Heb.5.", "7. Ceremonial ordinances. Heb.13.", "To sit at meat, to sit or recline at the table."], "meated": ["ME'ATED, a. Fed; fattened. Not used."], "meddle": ["MED'DLE, v.i.", "1. To have to do; to take part; to interpose and act in the concerns of others, or in affairs in which one's interposition is not necessary; often with the sense of intrusion or officiousness.", "I have thus far been an upright judge, not meddling with the design nor disposition.", "What hast thou to do to meddle with the affairs of my family?", "Why should'st thou meddle to thy hurt? 2 Kings 14.", "2. To have to do; to touch; to handle. Meddle not with edge-tools, is an admonition to children. When the object is specified, meddle is properly followed by with or in; usually by the former.", "The civil lawyers--have meddled in a matter that belongs not to them.", "MED'DLE, v.t. To mix, to mingle.", "He meddled his talk with many a tear."], "meddling": ["MED'DLING, ppr. Having to do; touching; handling; officiously interposing in other men's concerns.", "1. a. Officious; busy in other men's affairs; as a meddling neighbor."], "mediate": ["ME'DIATE, a. L. medius, middle. Middle; being between the two extremes.", "Anxious we hover in a mediate state.", "1. Interposed; intervening; being between two objects.", "Soon the mediate clouds shall be dispelled.", "2. Acting by means, or by an intervening cause or instrument. Thus we speak of mediate and immediate cause of its motion; the oar with which a man rows a boat is the immediate cause of its motion; but the rower is the mediate cause, acting by means of the oar.", "ME'DIATE, v.i. To interpose between parties, as the equal friend of each; to act indifferently between contending parties, with a view to reconciliation; to intercede. The prince that mediates between nations and prevents a war, is the benefactor of both parties.", "1. To be between two. Little used.", "ME'DIATE, v.t. To effect by mediation or interposition between parties; as, to mediate a peace.", "1. To limit by something in the middle. Not used."], "mediately": ["ME'DIATELY, adv. By means or by a secondary cause,acting between the first cause and the effect.", "God worketh all things amongst us mediately,by secondary means.", "The king grants a manor to A,and A grants a portion of it to B. In this case, B holds his lands immediately of A,but mediately of the king."], "mediation": ["MEDIA'TION, n. L. medius, middle.", "1. Interposition; intervention; agency between parties at variance, with a view to reconcile them. The contentions of individuals and families are often terminated by the mediation of friends. The controversies of nations are sometimes adjusted by mediation. The reconciliation of sinners to God by the mediation of Christ, is a glorious display of divine benevolence.", "2. Agency interposed; intervenient power.", "The soul,during its residence in the body, does all things by the mediation of the passions.", "3. Intercession; entreaty for another."], "mediator": ["MEDIA'TOR, n. One that interposes between parties at variance for the purpose of reconciling them.", "1. By way of eminence, Christ is the mediator, the divine intercessor through whom sinners may be reconciled to an offended God. Tim.2.", "Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking of both natures divine and human; and mediator by office, as transacting matters between God and man."], "medicinable": ["MEDIC'INABLE, a. Having the properties of medicine; medicinal. The latter is the word now used."], "medicinal": ["MEDIC'INAL, . L. medicinalis. Having the property of healing or of mitigating disease; adapted to the cure or alleviation of bodily disorders; as medicinal plants, medicinal virtues of minerals; medicinal springs. The waters of Saratoga and Ballston are remarkably medicinal.", "1. Pertaining to medicine; as medicinal days or hours."], "medicinally": ["MEDIC'INALLY, adv. In the manner of medicine; with medicinal qualities.", "1. With a view to healing; as, to use a mineral medicinally."], "medicine": ["MED'ICINE, n. L. medicina, from medeor, to cure; vulgarly and improperly pronounced med'sn.", "1. Any substance, liquid or solid, that has the property of curing or mitigating disease in animals, or that is used for that purpose. Simples, plants and minerals furnish most of our medicines. Even poisons used with judgment and in moderation, are safe and efficacious medicines. Medicines are internal or external, simple or compound.", "2. The art of preventing, curing or alleviating the diseases of the human body. Hence we say, the study of medicine, or a student of medicine.", "3. In the French sense, a physician. Not in use.", "MED'ICINE, v.t. To affect or operate on as medicine. Not used."], "meditate": ["MED'ITATE, v.i. L. meditor.", "1. To dwell on any thing in thought; to contemplate; to study; to turn or revolve any subject in the mind; appropriately but not exclusively used of pious contemplation, or a consideration of the great truths of religion.", "His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law doth he meditate day and night. Ps.1.", "2. To intend; to have in contemplation.", "I meditate to pass the remainder of life in a state of undisturbed repose.", "MED'ITATE, v.t. To plan by revolving in the mind; to contrive; to intend.", "Some affirmed that I meditated a war.", "1. To think on; to revolve in the mind.", "Blessed is the man that doth meditate good things."], "meditated": ["MED'ITATED, pp. Planned; contrived."], "meditating": ["MED'ITATING, ppr. Revolving in the mind; contemplating; contriving."], "meditation": ["MEDITA'TION, n. L.meditatio. Close or continued thought; the turning or revolving of a subject in the mind; serious contemplation.", "Let the words of my mouth and the meditations of my heart be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my strength and my Redeemer. Ps.19."], "meditative": ["MED'ITATIVE, a. Addicted to meditation.", "1. Expressing meditation or design."], "meek": ["MEEK, a. L. mucus; Eng. mucilage; Heb. to melt.", "1. Mild of temper; soft; gentle; not easily provoked or irritated; yielding; given to forbearance under injuries.", "Now the man Moses was very meek, above all men. Num.12.", "2. Appropriately,humble, in an evangelical sense; submissive to the divine will; not proud, self-sufficient or refractory; not peevish and apt to complain of divine dispensations. Christ says, \"Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart, and ye shall find rest to your souls.\" Matt.11.", "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Matt.5."], "meekness": ["MEE'KNESS, n. Softness of temper; mildness; gentleness; forbearance under injuries and provocations.", "1. In an evangelical sense, humility; resignation; submission to the divine will, without murmuring or peevishness; opposed to pride, arrogance and refractoriness. Gal.5.", "I beseech you by the meekness of Christ. 1 Cor.10.", "Meekness is a grace which Jesus alone inculcated, and which no ancient philosopher seems to have understood or recommended."], "meet": ["MEET, a. L. convenio. Fit; suitable; proper; qualified; convenient; adapted, as to a use or purpose.", "Ye shall pass over armed before your brethren, the children of Israel, all that are meet for the war. Deut.3.", "It was meet that we should make merry--Luke 15.", "Bring forth fruits meet for repentance. Matt.3.", "MEET, v.t. pret. and pp. met. Gr. with.", "1. To come together, approaching in opposite or different directions; to come face to face; as, to meet a man in the road.", "His daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances. Judges 11.", "2. To come together in any place; as, we met many strangers at the levee.", "3. To come together in hostility; to encounter. The armies met on the plains of Pharsalia.", "4. To encounter unexpectedly.", "5. To come together in extension; to come in contact; to join. The line A meets the line B and forms an angle.", "6. To come to; to find; to light on; to receive. The good man meets his reward; the criminal in due time meets the punishment he deserves.", "Of vice or virtue, whether blest or curst,", "Which meets contempt, or which compassion first.", "MEET, v.i. To come together or to approach near, or into company with. How pleasant it is for friends to meet on the road; still more pleasant to meet in a foreign country.", "1. To come together in hostility; to encounter. The armies met at Waterloo, and decided the fate of Buonaparte.", "2. To assemble; to congregate. The council met at 10 o'clock. The legislature will meet on the first Wednesday in the month.", "3. To come together by being extended; to come in contact; to join. Two converging lines will meet in a point.", "To meet with; to light on; to find; to come to; often with the sense of an unexpected event.", "We met with many things worthy of observation.", "1. To join; to unite in company.", "Falstaff at that oak shall meet with us.", "2. To suffer unexpectedly; as, to meet with a fall; to meet with a loss.", "3. To encounter; to engage in opposition.", "Royal mistress,", "Prepare to meet with more than brutal fury", "From the fierce prince.", "4. To obviate; a Latinism.", "To meet half way, to approach from an equal distance and meet; metaphorically, to make mutual and equal concessions, each party renouncing some pretensions."], "meeting": ["MEE'TING, ppr. Coming together; encountering; joining; assembling.", "MEE'TING, n. A coming together; an interview; as a happy meeting of friends.", "1. An assembly; a congregation; a collection of people; a convention. The meeting was numerous; the meeting was clamorous; the meeting was dissolved at sunset.", "2. A conflux, as of rivers; a joining, as of lines."], "meetness": ["MEE'TNESS, n. from meet. Fitness; suitableness; propriety."], "melodious": ["MELO'DIOUS, a. See Melody. Containing melody; musical; agreeable to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds; as a melodious voice; melodious strains.", "And music more melodious than the spheres."], "melodiously": ["MELO'DIOUSLY, adv. In a melodious manner; musically."], "melodiousness": ["MELO'DIOUSNESS, n. The quality of being agreeable to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds; musicalness."], "melody": ["MEL'ODY, n. Gr. a limb, or a song, an ode; L. melos.", "An agreeable succession of sounds; a succession of sounds so regulated and modulated as to please the ear. To constitute melody, the sounds must be arranged according to the laws of rhythms, measure, or the due proportion of the movements to each other. Melody differs from harmony, as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation of sounds by a single voice; whereas harmony consists in the accordance of different voices or sounds. Melody is vocal or instrumental.", "To make melody in the heart, to praise God with a joyful and thankful disposition, ascribing to him the honor due to his name. Eph.5."], "melon": ["MEL'ON, n. L. melo; Gr. an apple; L. mollis. The name of certain plants and their fruit, as the water-melon, the musk-melon."], "melt": ["MELT, v.t. Eng.smelt,smalt. We have in these words decisive evidence that s, in smelten, &c. is a prefix. Melt, in English, is regular, forming melted for its past tense and passive participle. The old participle molten, is used only as an adjective.", "1. To dissolve; to make liquid; to liquefy; to reduce from a solid to a liquid or flowing state by heat; as, to melt wax, tallow or lead; to melt ice or snow.", "2. To dissolve; to reduce to first principles.", "3. To soften to love or tenderness.", "For pity melts the mind to love.", "4. To waste away; to dissipate.", "In general riot melted down thy youth.", "5. To dishearten. Josh.14.", "MELT, v.i. To become liquid; to dissolve; to be changed from a fixed or solid to a flowing state.", "And whiter snow in minutes melts away.", "1. To be softened to love, pity, tenderness or sympathy; to become tender, mild or gentle.", "Melting with tenderness and mild compassion.", "2. To be dissolved; to lose substance.", "--And what seem'd corporal,", "Melted as breath into the wind.", "3. To be subdued by affliction; to sink into weakness.", "My soul melteth for heaviness--strengthen thou me. Ps.119.", "4. To faint; to be discouraged or disheartened.", "As soon as we heard these things, our heart melted. Josh.2."], "melted": ["MELT'ED, pp. Dissolved; made liquid; softened; discouraged."], "melting": ["MELT'ING, ppr. Dissolving; liquefying; softening; discouraging.", "1. a. Tending to soften; softening into tenderness; as melting eloquence.", "MELT'ING, n. The act of softening; the act of rendering tender."], "meltingly": ["MELT'INGLY, adv. In a manner to melt of soften.", "1. Like something melting."], "member": ["MEM'BER, n. L. membrum.", "1. A limb of animal bodies, as a leg, an arm, an ear, a finger, that is, a subordinate part of the main body.", "2. A part of a discourse, or of a period or sentence; a clause; a part of a verse. Harmony in poetry is produced by a proportion between the members of the same verse, or between the members of different verses.", "3. In architecture, a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze or cornice; sometimes a molding.", "4. An individual of a community or society. Every citizen is a member of the state or body politic. So the individuals of a club, a corporation or confederacy, are called its members. Students of an academy or college are its members. Professed christians are called members of the church.", "5. The appetites and passions, considered as tempting to sin. Rom.7. Col.3."], "membered": ["MEM'BERED, a. Having limbs."], "memorial": ["MEMO'RIAL, a. L.memorialis. See Memory.", "1. Preservative of memory.", "There high in air memorial of my name,", "Fix the smooth oar, and bid me live to fame.", "2. Contained in memory; as memorial possession.", "MEMO'RIAL, n. That which preserves the memory of something; any thing that serves to keep in memory. A monument is a memorial of a deceased person, or of an event. The Lord's supper is a memorial of the death and sufferings of Christ.", "Churches have names; some as memorials of peace, some of wisdom, some of the Trinity.", "1. Any note or hint to assist the memory.", "Memorials written with king Edward's hand shall be the ground of this history.", "2. A written representation of facts, made to a legislative or other body as the ground of a petition, or a representation of facts accompanied with a petition."], "memorialize": ["MEMO'RIALIZE, v.t. To present a memorial to; to petition by memorial."], "memory": ["MEM'ORY, n. L. memoria; Gr. to remember, from mind, or the same root. See Mind.", "1. The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of past events, or ideas which are past. A distinction is made between memory and recollection. Memory retains past ideas without any, or with little effort; recollection implies an effort to recall ideas that are past.", "Memory is the purveyor of reason.", "2. A retaining of past ideas in the mind; remembrance. Events that excite little attention are apt to escape from memory.", "3. Exemption from oblivion.", "That ever-living man of memory,", "Henry the fifth.", "4. The time within which past events can be remembered or recollected, or the time within which a person may have knowledge of what is past. The revolution in England was before my memory; the revolution in America was within the author's memory.", "5. Memorial; monumental record; that which calls to remembrance. A monument in London was erected in memory of the conflagration in 1666.", "6. Reflection; attention.", "MEM'ORY, v.t. To lay up in the mind or memory. Not used."], "men": ["MEN, plu. of man. Two or more males, individuals of the human race.", "1. Males of bravery. We will live in honor, or die like men.", "2. Persons; people; mankind; in an indefinite sense. Men are apt to forget the benefactor, while they riot on the benefit."], "mend": ["MEND, v.t. L. emendo, menda, a fault, spot or blemish.", "1. To repair, as a breach; to supply a part broken or defective; as, to mend a garment, a road, a mill-dam, a fence, &c.", "2. To correct; to set right; to alter for the better; as, to mend the life or manners.", "3. To repair; to restore to a sound state; as, to mend a feeble or broken constitution.", "4. To help; to advance; to make better.", "This plausible apology does not mend the matter.", "Though in some lands the grass is but short, yet it mends garden herbs and fruit.", "5. To improve; to hasten.", "He saw the monster mend his pace."], "mended": ["MEND'ED, pp. Repaired; made better; improved."], "mends": ["MENDS, for amends, not used."], "menpleaser": ["MEN'PLEASER, n. One who is solicitous to please men, rather than to please God, by obedience to him commands."], "menstruous": ["MEN'STRUOUS, a. L. menstruus, from mensis, a month.", "1. Having the monthly flow or discharge; as a female.", "2. Pertaining to the monthly flow of females."], "mention": ["MEN'TION, n. L. mentio, from Gr. to put in mind; L. moneo and mind. A hint; a suggestion; a brief notice or remark expressed in words or writing; used chiefly after make.", "Make no mention of other gods. Josh.23.", "I will make mention of thy righteousness. Ps.71.", "Without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers. Rom.1.", "MEN'TION, v.t. To speak; to name; to utter a brief remark; to state a particular fact, or to express it in writing. It is applied to something thrown in or added incidentally in a discourse or writing, and thus differs from the sense of relate, recite, and narrate. I mentioned to him a fact that fell under my own observation. In the course of conversation, that circumstance was mentioned.", "I will mention the loving-kindness of the Lord. Is.63."], "mentioned": ["MEN'TIONED, pp. Named; stated."], "mentioning": ["MEN'TIONING, ppr. Naming; uttering."], "merchandise": ["MER'CHANDISE, n.", "1. The objects of commerce; wares, goods, commodities, whatever is usually bought or sold in trade. But provisions daily sold in market, horses, cattle, and fuel are not usually included in the term,and real estate never.", "2. Trade; traffick; commerce.", "MER'CHANDISE, v.i. To trade; to carry on commerce."], "merchant": ["MER'CHANT, n. L.mercor,to buy.", "1. A man who trafficks or carries on trade with foreign countries,or who exports and imports goods and sells them by wholesale.", "2. In popular usage, any trader, or one who deals in the purchase and sale of goods.", "3. A ship in trade. Not used.", "MER'CHANT, v.i. To trade. Not in use."], "merchantable": ["MER'CHANTABLE, a. Fit for market; such as is usually sold in market or such as will bring the ordinary price; as merchantable wheat or timber."], "merciful": ["MER'CIFUL, a. from mercy. Having or exercising mercy; compassionate; tender; disposed to pity offenders and to forgive their offenses; unwilling to punish for injuries; applied appropriately to the Supreme being.", "The Lord passed before him and proclaimed, the Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering and abundant in goodness and truth. Ex.34.", "1. Compassionate; tender; unwilling to give pain; not cruel. A merciful man will be merciful to his beast."], "mercifulness": ["MER'CIFULNESS, n. Tenderness towards offenders; willingness to forbear punishment; readiness to forgive."], "mercy": ["MER'CY, n. L. misericordia.", "1. That benevolence, mildness or tenderness of heart which disposes a person to overlook injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves; the disposition that tempers justice, and induces an injured person to forgive trespasses and injuries, and to forbear punishment, or inflict less than law or justice will warrant. In this sense, there is perhaps no word in our language precisely synonymous with mercy. That which comes nearest to it is grace. It implies benevolence, tenderness, mildness, pity or compassion, and clemency, but exercised only towards offenders. Mercy is a distinguishing attribute of the Supreme Being.", "The Lord is long-suffering and of great mercy, forgiving iniquity and transgression, and by no means clearing the guilty. Num.14.", "2. An act or exercise of mercy or favor. It is a mercy that they escaped.", "I am not worthy of the least of all thy mercies. Gen.32.", "3. Pity; compassion manifested towards a person in distress.", "And he said, he that showed mercy on him. Luke.10.", "4. Clemency and bounty.", "Mercy and truth preserve the king; and his throne is upheld by mercy. Prov.28.", "5. Charity, or the duties of charity and benevolence.", "I will have mercy and not sacrifice. Matt.9.", "6. Grace; favor. 1 Cor.7. Jude 2.", "7. Eternal life, the fruit of mercy. 2 Tim.1.", "8. Pardon.", "I cry thee mercy with all my heart.", "9. The act of sparing, or the forbearance of a violent act expected. The prisoner cried for mercy.", "To be or to lie at the mercy of, to have no means of self-defense, but to be dependent for safety on the mercy or compassion of another, or in the power of that which is irresistible; as, to be at the mercy of a foe, or of the waves."], "mere": ["MERE, a. L. merus. This or that only; distinct from any thing else.", "From mere success nothing can be concluded in favor of a nation.", "What if the head,the eye or ear repin'd", "To serve mere engines to the ruling mind?", "1. Absolute; entire.", "MERE, n. L. mare. See Moor. A pool or lake.", "MERE, n. Gr. to divide. A boundary; used chiefly in the compound, mere-stone.", "MERE, v.t. To divide, limit or bound."], "merely": ["ME'RELY, adv. Purely; only; solely; thus and no other way; for this and no other purpose.", "Price not your life for other ends", "Than merely to oblige your friends."], "merrily": ["MER'RILY, adv. from merry. With mirth; with gayety and laughter; jovially. See Mirth and Merry.", "Merrily sing and sport and play."], "merriness": ["MER'RINESS, n. Mirth; gayety with laughter."], "merry": ["MER'RY, a.", "1. Gay and noisy; jovial; exhilarated to laughter.", "Man is the merriest species of the creation.", "They drank and were merry with him. Gen.43.", "2. Causing laughter or mirth; as a merry jest.", "3. Brisk; as a merry gale. This is the primary sense of the word.", "4. Pleasant; agreeable; delightful.", "To make merry, to be jovial; to indulge in hilarity; to feast with mirth. Judges 9."], "mess": ["MESS, n. L. mensa.", "1. A dish or a quantity of food prepared or set on a table at one time; as a mess of pottage; a mess of herbs; a mess of broth.", "2. A medley; a mixed mass; a quantity.", "3. As much provender or grain as is given to a beast at once.", "4. A number of persons who eat together; among seamen and soldiers.", "MESS, v.i. To eat; to feed.", "1. To associate at the same table; to eat in company, as seamen.", "MESS, v.t. To supply with a mess."], "message": ["MES'SAGE, n. L. missus, mitto, to send.", "1. Any notice, word or communication, written or verbal, sent from one person to another. We send a servant with a verbal or written message.", "The welcome message made, was soon received.", "2. An official written communication of facts or opinions sent by a chief magistrate to the two houses of a legislature or other deliberative body. Congress receives a message from the President of the United States at the opening of the session. The Governors of some of the states communicate to the legislature by message, others by address.", "3. An official verbal communication from one branch of a legislature to the other."], "messenger": ["MES'SENGER, n.", "1. One who bears a message or an errand; the bearer of a verbal or written communication, notice or invitation from one person to another, or to a public body; one who conveys dispatches from one prince or court to another.", "2. A harbinger; a forerunner; he or that which foreshows.", "You gray lines", "That fret the clouds, are messengers of day."], "messiah": ["MESSI'AH, a. Heb. anointed. Christ, the anointed; the Savior of the world.", "I know that when Messiah cometh, who is called Christ, he will tell us all things. Jesus answered her, I that speak to thee am he. John 4."], "met": ["MET, pret. and pp. of meet."], "mete": ["METE, v.t. L. metior; Heb. to measure. To measure; to ascertain quantity, dimensions or capacity by any rule or standard. Obsolescent.", "METE, n. Measure; limit; boundary; used chiefly in the plural, in the phrase, metes and bounds."], "meteyard": ["ME'TEYARD, n. A yard, staff or rod, used as a measure. We now use yard."], "mice": ["MICE, plu. of mouse."], "middle": ["MIDDLE, a. mid'l. L. medius.", "1. Equally distant from the extremes; as the middle point of a line or circle; the middle station of life. The middle path or course is most safe.", "2. Intermediate; intervening.", "Will, seeking good, finds many middle ends.", "Middle ages, the ages or period of time about equally distant from the decline of the Roman empire and the revival of letters in Europe, or from the eighth to the fifteenth century of the christian era."], "middling": ["MID'DLING, a. Of middle rank, state, size or quality; about equally distant from the extremes; moderate. Thus we speak of people of the middling class or sort, neither high nor low; of a man of middling capacity or understanding; a man of middling size; fruit of a middling quality."], "middlemost": ["MID'DLEMOST, a. Being in the middle, or nearest the middle of a number of things that are near the middle. If a thing is in the middle, it cannot be more so, and in this sense the word is improper. But when two or more things are near the middle, one may be nearer than another."], "midnight": ["MID'NIGHT, n. The middle of the night; twelve o'clock at night.", "MID'NIGHT, a. Being in the middle of the night; as midnight studies.", "1. Dark as midnight; very dark; as midnight gloom."], "midst": ["MIDST, n. contracted from middest, the superlative of mid.", "The middle.", "There is nothing said or done in the midst of the play, which might not have been placed in the beginning.", "The phrase, in the midst, often signifies involved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by, or in the thickest part, or in the depths of; as in the midst of afflictions, troubles or cares; in the midst of our contemplations; in the midst of the battle; in the midst of pagan darkness and error; in the midst of gospel light; in the midst of the ocean; in the midst of civil dissensions.", "From the midst, from the middle, or from among. Deut.18.", "MIDST, adv. In the middle.", "On earth,join all ye creatures to extol", "Him first, Him last, Him midst, and without end."], "midwife": ["MID'WIFE, n. supposed by Junius and Skinner to be meedwife, a woman that has a reward. This is probably a mistake. The word is a compound of mid, with, and wif,a woman; in analogy with the L. obstetrix, from obsto, obstiti, to stand before. L. cum, with, and madre, mother, which is precisely analogous to midwife.", "A woman that assists other women in childbirth.", "MID'WIFE, v.i. To perform the office of midwife.", "MID'WIFE, v.t. To assist in childbirth."], "might": ["MIGHT, n. pret. of may. Had power or liberty. He might go, or might have gone.", "1. It sometimes denotes was possible, implying ignorance of the fact in the speaker. Orders might have been given for the purpose.", "MIGHT, n.", "1. Strength; force; power; primarily and chiefly, bodily strength or physical power; as, to work or strive with all one's might.", "There small be no might in thy hand. Deut.28.", "2. Political power or great achievements.", "The acts of David--with all his reign and his might.", "1 Chron.29. l Kings 15.", "3. National strength; physical power or military force.", "We have no might against this great company that cometh against us. 2 Chron.20.", "4. Valor with bodily strength; military prowess; as men of might. 1 Chron.12.", "5. Ability; strength or application of means.", "I have prepared with all my might for the house of my God--1 Chron.29.", "6. Strength or force of purpose.", "Like him was no king that turned to the Lord with all his might. 2 Kings 23.", "7. Strength of affection.", "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul,and with all thy might. Deut.6.", "8. Strength of light; splendor; effulgence.", "Let them that love him be as the sun when he goeth forth in his might. Judges 5.", "Shakespeare applied the word to an oath. \"An oath of mickle might.\" This application is obsolete. We now use strength or force; as the strength or force of an oath or covenant.", "With might and main, with the utmost strength or bodily exertion; a tautological phrase, as both words are from the same root, and mean the same thing."], "mightily": ["MI'GHTILY, adv. from mighty. With great power, force of strength; vigorously; as, to strive mightily.", "1. Vehemently; with great earnestness.", "Cry mightily to God. Jonah 3.", "2. Powerfully; with great energy.", "Whereto I also labor, striving according to his working, which worketh in me mightily. Col.1.", "3. With great strength of argument.", "He mightily convinced the Jews. Acts.18.", "4. With great or irresistible force; greatly; extensively.", "So mightily grew the word of God and prevailed. Acts.19.", "5. With strong means of defense.", "Fortify the power mightily. Nah.2.", "6. Greatly; to a great degree; very much.", "I was mightily pleased with a story applicable to this piece of philosophy.", "Admissible in colloquial and familiar language."], "mightiness": ["MI'GHTINESS, n. Power; greatness; highth of dignity.", "How soon this mightiness meets misery!", "1. A title of dignity; as their High Mightinesses."], "mighty": ["MI'GHTY, a. Having great bodily strength or physical power; very strong or vigorous; as a mighty arm.", "1. Very strong; valiant; bold; as a mighty man of valor. Judges 6.", "2. Very powerful; having great command.", "Cush begat Nimrod; he began to be a mighty one on the earth. Gen.10.", "3. Very strong in numbers; as a mighty nation. Gen.18.", "4. Very strong or great in corporeal power; very able.", "Wo to them that are mighty to drink wine. Is.5.", "5. Violent; very loud; as mighty thunderings. Ex.9. Ps.68.", "6. Vehement; rushing with violence; as a mighty wind or tempest. Ex.10. Rev.6.", "7. Very great; vast; as mighty waters. Neh.9.", "8. Very great or strong; as mighty power. 2 Chron.26.", "9. Very forcible; efficacious; as, great is truth and mighty.", "10. Very great or eminent in intellect or acquirements; as the mighty Scaliger and Selden.", "11. Great; wonderful; performed with great power; as mighty works. Matt.11.", "12. Very severe and distressing; as a mighty famine. Luke.15.", "13. Very great, large or populous; as a mighty city. Rev.18.", "14. Important; momentous.", "I'll sing of heroes and of kings,", "In mighty numbers mighty things.", "MI'GHTY, adv. In a great degree; very; as might wise; mighty thoughtful. Colloquial."], "milch": ["MILCH, a. Giving milk; as a milch cow. It is now applied only to beasts."], "mildew": ["MIL'DEW, n. L. melligo, from mel, honey.", "1. Honey dew; a thick, clammy, sweet juice, found on the leaves of plants, which is said to injure the plants by corroding them, or otherwise preventing them from coming to perfection.", "2. Spots on cloth or paper caused by moisture.", "MIL'DEW, v.t. To taint with mildew."], "mildewed": ["MIL'DEWED, pp. Tainted or injured by mildew."], "mildewing": ["MIL'DEWING, ppr. Tainting with mildew."], "mile": ["MILE, n. L. mille passus, a thousand paces; passus being dropped in common usage. A measure of length or distance, containing eight furlongs, 320 rods, poles or perches, 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. The Roman mile was a thousand paces, equal to 1600 yards English measure."], "milk": ["MILK, n.", "1. A white fluid or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female animals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of their young.", "2. The white juice of certain plants.", "3. Emulsion made by bruising seeds.", "MILK, v.t. L. mulgeo.", "1. To draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand, as, to milk a cow.", "2. To suck. Not used."], "mill": ["MILL, n. L. mille, a thousand. A money of account of the United States, value the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a dollar.", "MILL, n. L. mola, molo, mel, honey, mollis; Eng. mellow, mild, mold, meal.", "1. A complicated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine particles, grain, fruit or other substance, or for performing other operations by means of wheels and a circular motion; as a grist-mill for grain; a coffee-mill; a cider-mill; a bark-mill. The original purpose of mills was to comminute grain for food, but the word mill is now extended to engines or machines moved by water, wind or steam, for carrying on many other operations. We have oil-mills, saw-mills, slitting-mills, bark-mills, fulling-mills,&c.", "2. The house or building that contains the machinery for grinding, &c.", "MILL, v.t. To grind; to comminute; to reduce to fine particles or to small pieces.", "1. To beat up chocolate.", "2. To stamp coin.", "3. To full, as cloth."], "millet": ["MIL'LET, n. L. milium. A plant of the genus Milium, of several species, one of which is cultivated as an esculent grain.", "The Indian millet is of the genus Holcus."], "million": ["MILLION, n. mil'yun. L. mille, a thousand.", "1. The number of ten hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand. It is used as a noun or an adjective; as a million of men, or a million men. As a noun, it has a regular plural, millions.", "2. In common usage, a very great number, indefinitely.", "There are millions of truths that men are not concerned to know."], "millioned": ["MILL'IONED, a. Multiplied by millions. Not used."], "millstone": ["MILL'STONE, n. A stone used for grinding grain."], "mince": ["MINCE, v.t. mins. L. minuo, to diminish; L. minor, smaller; minuo, to diminish; Gr. small, slender; to diminish; L. minutus, minute.", "1. To cut or chop into very small pieces; as, to mince meat.", "2. To diminish in speaking; to retrench, cut off or omit a part for the purpose of suppressing the truth; to extenuate in representation.", "I know no way to mince it in love, but to say directly, I love you.", "Siren, now mince the sin,", "And mollify damnation with a phrase--", "If, to mince his meaning, I had either omitted some part of what he said, or taken from the strength of his expression, I certainly had wronged him.", "These--were forced to mince the matter.", "3. To speak with affected softness; to clip words; not to utter the full sound.", "4. To walk with short or diminished steps.", "MINCE, v.i. To walk with short steps; to walk with affected nicety; to affect delicacy in manner.", "I'll turn two mincing steps", "Into a manly stride.", "Because the daughters of Zion are haughty--", "walking and mincing as they go. Is.3.", "1. To speak softly, or with affected nicety."], "minced": ["MIN'CED, pp. Cut or chopped into very small pieces."], "mincing": ["MIN'CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces; speaking or walking affectedly."], "mincingly": ["MIN'CINGLY, adv. In small parts; not fully."], "mind": ["MIND, n. L. reminiscor; L. mens; Gr. memory, mention, to remember, mind, ardor of mind, vehemence; anger. Mind signifies properly intention, a reaching or inclining forward to an object, from the primary sense of extending, stretching or inclining, or advancing eagerly, pushing or setting forward, whence the Greek sense of the word, in analogy with the Teutonic mod, moed, muth, mind, courage, spirit, mettle. So L. animus, animosus.", "1. Intention; purpose; design.", "The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination; how much more, when he bringeth it with a wicked mind. Prov.21.", "2. Inclination; will; desire; a sense much used, but expressing less than settled purpose; as in the common phrases, \"I wish to know your mind;\" \"let me know your mind;\" \"he had a mind to go;\" \"he has a partner to his mind.\"", "3. Opinion; as, to express one's mind. We are of one mind.", "4. Memory; remembrance; as, to put one in mind; to call to mind; the fact is out of my mind; time out of mind. From the operations of the intellect in man,this word came to signify.", "5. The intellectual or intelligent power in man; the understanding; the power that conceives, judges or reasons.", "I fear I am not in my perfect mind.", "So we speak of a sound mind, a disordered mind, a weak mind, a strong mind, with reference to the active powers of the understanding; and in a passive sense, it denotes capacity, as when we say, the mind cannot comprehend a subject.", "6. The heart or seat of affection.", "Which were a grief of mind to Isaac and Rebekah. Gen.26.", "7. The will and affection; as readiness of mind. Acts.17.", "8. The implanted principle of grace. Rom.7.", "MIND, v.t. To attend to; to fix the thoughts on; to regard with attention.", "Cease to request me; let us mind our way.", "Mind not high things. Rom.12.", "1. To attend to or regard with submission; to obey. His father told him to desist, but he would not mind him.", "2. To put in mind; to remind.", "3. To intend; to mean.", "MIND, v.i. To be inclined or disposed to incline.", "When one of them mindeth to go into rebellion."], "minded": ["MINDED, a. Disposed; inclined.", "If men were minded to live virtuously.", "Joseph was minded to put her away privily. Matt.1.", "Minded is much used in composition; as high-minded; low-minded; feeble-minded; sober-minded; double-minded."], "mindful": ["MINDFUL, a. Attentive; regarding with care; bearing in mind; heedful; observant.", "I promise to be mindful of your admonitions.", "What is man, that thou art mindful of him? Ps.7."], "mindfulness": ["MINDFULNESS, n. Attention; regard; heedfulness."], "minding": ["MINDING, ppr. Regarding; heeding.", "MINDING, n. Regard."], "mine": ["MINE, a. called sometimes a pronominal adj. L. meus.", "My; belonging to me. It was formerly used before nouns beginning with vowels. \"I kept myself from mine iniquity.\" Ps.18. But this use is no longer retained. We now use my before a vowel as well as before an articulation; as my iniquity. In present usage, my always precedes the noun, and mine follows the noun, and usually the verb; as, this is my book; this book is mine; it is called my book; the book is called mine: it is acknowledged to be mine.", "Mine sometimes supplies the place of a noun. Your sword and mine are different in construction.", "MINE, n.", "1. A pit or excavation in the earth, from which metallic ores, mineral substances and other fossil bodies are taken by digging. The pits from which stones only are taken, are called quarries.", "2. In the military art, a subterraneous canal or passage dug under the wall or rampart of a fortification, where a quantity of power may be lodged for blowing up the works.", "3. A rich source of wealth or other good.", "MINE, v.i. To dig a mine or pit in the earth.", "1. To form a subterraneous canal or hole by scratching; to form a burrow or lodge in the earth, as animals; as the mining coney.", "2. To practice secret means in injury.", "MINE, v.t. To sap; to undermine; to dig away or otherwise remove the substratum or foundation; hence, to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret means.", "They mined the walls.", "In a metaphorical sense, undermine is generally used."], "mining": ["MI'NING, ppr. Digging into the earth, as for fossils and minerals; sapping.", "1. a. Designating the business of digging mines; as the mining districts of Siberia."], "mingle": ["MIN'GLE, v.t.", "1. To mix; to blend; to unite in one body; as, to mingle liquors of different kinds.", "2. To mix or blend without order or promiscuously.", "There was fire mingled with hail. Ex.9.", "3. To compound; to unite in a mass, as solid substances; as, to mingle flour, sugar and eggs in cookery.", "4. To join in mutual intercourse or in society.", "The holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands. Ezra.9. Ps.106.", "5. To contaminate; to render impure; to debase by mixture.", "The best of us appear contented with a mingled imperfect virtue.", "6. To confuse.", "There mingle broils.", "MIN'GLE, v.i. To be mixed; to be united with.", "She, when she saw her sister nymphs, suppressed", "Her rising fears, and mingled with the rest.", "MIN'GLE, n. Mixture; medley; promiscuous mass. Not used."], "mingled": ["MIN'GLED, pp. Mixed; united promiscuously."], "mingling": ["MIN'GLING, ppr. Mixing; uniting without order."], "minish": ["MIN'ISH, v.t. L. minuo, to lessen.", "To lessen; to diminish. See Diminish."], "minister": ["MIN'ISTER, n. L.", "1. Properly, a chief servant; hence, an agent appointed to transact or manage business under the authority of another; in which sense, it is a word of very extensive application.", "Moses rose up and his minister Joshua. Ex.24.", "2. One to whom a king or prince entrusts the direction of affairs of state; as minister of state; the prime minister. In modern governments, the secretaries or heads of the several departments or branches of government are the ministers of the chief magistrate.", "3. A magistrate; an executive officer.", "For he is the minister of God to thee for good. Rom.13.", "4. A delegate; an embassador; the representative of a sovereign at a foreign court; usually such as is resident at a foreign court, but not restricted to such.", "5. One who serves at the altar; one who performs sacerdotal duties; the pastor of a church, duly authorized or licensed to preach the gospel and administer the sacraments. Eph.3.", "6. Christ is called a minister of the sanctuary. Heb.8.", "7. An angel; a messenger of God.", "Who maketh his angels spirits, his ministers a flaming fire. Ps.104.", "MIN'ISTER, v.t. L. ministro. To give; to afford; to supply.", "He that ministereth seed to the sower--2 Cor.9.", "That it may minister grace to the hearers. Eph.4.", "MIN'ISTER, v.i. To attend and serve; to perform service in any office, sacred or secular.", "I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to me in the priest's office. Ex.29.", "1. To afford supplies; to give things needful; to supply the means of relief; to relieve.", "When saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee?", "Matt.25.", "2. To give medicines.", "Canst thou not minister to a mind diseased?", "In this sense, we commonly use administer."], "ministered": ["MIN'ISTERED, pp. Served; afforded; supplied."], "ministering": ["MIN'ISTERING, ppr. Attending and serving as a subordinate agent; serving under superior authority. Heb.1.", "1. Affording aid or supplies; administering things needful."], "ministral": ["MIN'ISTRAL, a. Pertaining to a minister. Little used."], "ministrant": ["MIN'ISTRANT, a. Performing service as a minister; attendant on service; acting under command.", "Princedoms and dominations ministrant."], "ministration": ["MINISTRA'TION, n. L. ministratio. The act of performing service as a subordinate agent; agency; intervention for aid or service.", "--Because their widows were neglected in the daily ministrations. Acts.6.", "1. Office of a minister; service; ecclesiastical function.", "As soon as the days of his ministration were ended.", "Luke 1."], "ministry": ["MIN'ISTRY, n. L. ministerium. The office, duties or functions of a subordinate agent of any kind.", "1. Agency; service; aid; interposition; instrumentality.", "He directs the affairs of this world by the ordinary ministry of second causes.", "2. Ecclesiastical function; agency or service of a minister of the gospel or clergyman in the modern church, or of priests, apostles and evangelists in the ancient. Acts 1. Rom.12. 2 Tim.4. Num.4.", "3. Time of ministration; duration of the office of a minister, civil or ecclesiastical.", "The war with France was during the ministry of Pitt.", "4. Persons who compose the executive government or the council of a supreme magistrate; the body of ministers of state.", "5. Business; employment.", "He abhorred the wicked ministry of arms."], "minstrel": ["MIN'STREL, n. A singer and musical performer on instruments. Minstrels were formerly poets as well as musicians, and held in high repute by our rude ancestors. Their attendance was sought and their performances lavishly rewarded by princes. It was in the character of a minstrel that king Alfred entered the camp of the Danes his enemies, and explored their situation."], "mint": ["MINT, n. L. moneta.", "1. The place where money is coined by public authority. In Great Britain, formerly, there was a mint in almost every county; but the privilege of coining is now considered as a royal prerogative in that country, and as the prerogative of the sovereign power in other countries. The only mint now in Great Britain is in the Tower of London. The mint in the United States is in Philadelphia.", "2. A place of invention or fabrication; as a mint of phrases; a mint of calumny.", "3. A source of abundant supply.", "MINT, v.t. To coin; to make and stamp money.", "1. To invent; to forge; to fabricate.", "MINT, n. L.mentha. A plant of the genus Mentha."], "miracle": ["MIR'ACLE, n. L. miraculum, from miror, to wonder.", "1. Literally, a wonder or wonderful thing; but appropriately,", "2. In theology, an event or effect contrary to the established constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature; a supernatural event. Miracles can be wrought only by Almighty power, as when Christ healed lepers, saying, \"I will, be thou clean,\" or calmed the tempest, \"Peace, be still.\"", "They considered not the miracle of the loaves. Mark 6.", "A man approved of God by miracles and signs. Acts.2.", "3. Anciently, a spectacle or dramatic representation exhibiting the lives of the saints.", "MIR'ACLE, v.t. To make wonderful. Not used."], "mire": ["MIRE, n. Deep mud; earth so wet and soft as to yield to the feet and to wheels.", "MIRE, v.t. To plunge and fix in mire; to set or stall in mud. We say, a horse, an ox or a carriage is mired, when it has sunk deep into mud and its progress is stopped.", "1. To soil or daub with mud or foul matter.", "MIRE, v.i. To sink in mud, or to sink so deep as to be unable to move forward.", "MIRE, n. An ant. See Pismire."], "miriness": ["MI'RINESS, n. from miry. The state of consisting of deep mud."], "miry": ["MI'RY, a. from mire. Abounding with deep mud; full of mire; as a miry road; a miry lane.", "1. Consisting of mire."], "mirth": ["MIRTH, n. merth. Social merriment; hilarity; high excitement of pleasurable feelings in company; noisy gayety; jollity. Mirth differs from joy and cheerfulness, as always implying noise.", "With genial joy to warm the soul,", "Bright Helen mixed a mirth-inspiring bowl.", "I will cause to cease the voice of mirth from Judah and Jerusalem. Jer.7."], "mirthful": ["MIRTH'FUL, a. Merry; jovial; festive.", "The feast was served, the bowl was crown'd,", "To the king's pleasure went the mirthful round."], "miscarry": ["MISCAR'RY, v.i. To fail of the intended effect; not to succeed; to be unsuccessful; to suffer defeat; applied to persons or undertakings, and to things. We say, a project, scheme, design, enterprise, attempt, has miscarried.", "Have you not heart of Frederick, the great soldier, who miscarried at sea?", "My ships have all miscarried.", "1. To bring forth young before the proper time; to suffer abortion."], "miscarrying": ["MISCAR'RYING, ppr. Failing of the intended effect; suffering abortion. Hos.9."], "mischief": ["MIS'CHIEF, n.", "1. Harm; hurt; injury; damage; evil, whether intended or not. A new law is made to remedy the mischief.", "2. Intentional injury; harm or damage done by design.", "Thy tongue deviseth mischief. Ps.52.", "3. Ill consequence; evil; vexatious affair.", "The mischief was, these allies would never allow that the common enemy was subdued.", "MIS'CHIEF, v.t. To hurt; to harm; to injure."], "mischievous": ["MIS'CHIEVOUS, a. Harmful; hurtful; injurious; making mischief; of persons; as a mischievous man or disposition.", "1. Hurtful; noxious; as a mischievous thing.", "2. Inclined to do harm; as a mischievous boy."], "mischievously": ["MIS'CHIEVOUSLY, adv. With injury, hurt, loss or damage. We say, the law operates mischievously.", "1. With evil intention or disposition. The injury was done mischievously."], "mischievousness": ["MIS'CHIEVOUSNESS, n. Hurtfulness; noxiousness.", "1. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or annoy; as the mischievousness of youth.", "Mischief denotes injury, harm or damage of less malignity and magnitude than what are usually called crimes. We never give the name of mischief to theft, robbery or murder. And it so commonly implies intention in committing petty offenses, that it shocks us to hear the word applied to the calamities inflicted by Providence. We say, a tempest has done great damage,but not mischief. In like manner, the adjective mischievous is not applied to thieves, pirates and other felons,but to persons committing petty trespasses and offenses."], "miser": ["MI'SER, n. s as z. L. miser, miserable. A miserable person; one wretched or afflicted.", "1. A wretch; a mean fellow.", "2. An extremely covetous person; a sordid wretch; a niggard; one who in wealth makes himself miserable by the fear of poverty. This is the only sense in which it is now used.", "No silver saints by dying misers given."], "miserableness": ["MIS'ERABLENESS, n. State of misery; poorness."], "miserably": ["MIS'ERABLY, adv. Unhappily; calamitously.", "The fifth was miserably stabbed to death.", "1. Very poorly or meanly; wretchedly. They were miserably entertained.", "2. In misery or unhappiness."], "misery": ["MIS'ERY, n. s as z. L. miseria.", "1. Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind. A man suffers misery from the gout, or from great afflictions, distress, calamity,and other evils. Misery expresses somewhat less than wretchedness.", "Misery is as really the fruit of vice reigning in the heart, as tares are the produce of tares sown in the field.", "2. Calamity; misfortune; natural evils which are the cause of misery.", "And mourn the miseries of human life.", "3. Covetousness. Not used."], "miss": ["MISS, n.", "1. The title of a young woman or girl; as little masters and misses.", "2. A kept mistress; a prostitute retained; a concubine.", "MISS, v.t. L. mitto, misi; omitto, omisi.", "1. To fail in aim; to fail of reaching the object; not to hit; as, to miss the mark; to miss the object intended.", "2. To fail of finding the right way; to err in attempting to find; as, to miss the way or the road.", "3. To fail of obtaining.", "Orgalus feared nothing but to miss Parthenia.", "4. To learn or discover that something is wanting, or not where it was supposed to be; as, to miss one's snuff-box; I missed the first volume of Livy.", "Neither missed we any thing--. Nothing was missed of all that pertained to him. 1 Sam.25.", "5. To be without; as, we cannot miss him.", "6. To omit; to pass by; to go without; to fail to have; as, to miss a meal of victuals.", "She would never miss one day", "A walk so fine, a sight so gay.", "7. To perceive the want of.", "What by me thou hast lost, thou least shalt miss,", "He who has a firm sincere friend, may want all the rest without missing them.", "8. To fail of seeing or finding.", "MISS, v.i. To fail to hit; to fly wide; to deviate from the true direction.", "Flying bullets now,", "To execute his rage, appear too slow;", "They miss, or sweep but common souls away.", "1. Not to succeed; to fail.", "Men observe when things hit, and not when they miss--", "2. To fail; to miscarry, as by accident.", "The invention all admired, and each, how he", "To be the inventor missed.", "3. To fail to obtain, learn or find; with of.", "On the least reflection, we can miss of them.", "4. To fail; to mistake.", "MISS, n. Loss; want.", "There will be no great miss of those which are lost.", "1. Mistake; error.", "He did without any great miss in the hardest points of grammar. Little used.", "2. Harm from mistake."], "missing": ["MISS'ING, ppr. from miss. Failing to hit, to reach or to find; discovering to be wanting.", "1. a. Lost; absent from the place where it was expected to be found; wanting. My horse is missing; my pen or my book is missing.", "For a time caught up to God, as once", "Moses was in the mount, and missing long."], "mist": ["MIST, n. L. mixtus, mistus, from misceo, to mix.", "1. Water falling in very numerous, but fine and almost imperceptible drops.", "A mist is a multitude of small but solid globules, which therefore descend.", "2. That which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts vision.", "His passion cast a mist before his sense.", "MIST, v.t. To cloud; to cover with vapor."], "mistful": ["MIST'FUL, a. Clouded with mist."], "mistress": ["MIS'TRESS, n. L. magistra.", "1. A woman who governs; correlative to servant, slave, or subject.", "My mistress here lies murdered in her bed.", "2. The female head of a family.", "3. That which governs; a sovereign. Rome was mistress of the world.", "4. One that commands, or has possession and sovereignty. The queen is mistress of the Indies.", "5. A female who is well skilled in any thing; as, she is mistress of arithmetic.", "6. A woman teacher; an instructress of a school.", "7. A woman beloved and courted.", "8. A woman in keeping for lewd purposes.", "9. A term of contemptuous address.", "MIS'TRESS, v.t. To wait upon a mistress; to be courting."], "misuse": ["MISUSE, v.t. misyu'ze."], "misused": ["MISUSED, pp. misyu'zed. Improperly used or applied; misapplied; misemployed; abused."], "misusing": ["MISUSING, ppr. misyu'zing. Using improperly; abusing; misapplying."], "mite": ["MITE, n. Heb. small.", "1. A very small insect of the genus Acarus.", "2. In Scripture, a small piece of money, the quarter of a denarius, or about seven English farthings.", "3. Any thing proverbially very small; a very little particle or quantity.", "4. The twentieth part of a grain."], "mix": ["MIX, v.t. pret. and pp. mixed or mixt. L. misceo, mixtum; Heb. to mix.", "1. To unite or blend promiscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or compound; applied both to solids and liquids; as, to mix flour and salt; to mix wines.", "2. To join; to associate; to unite with in company.", "Ephraim, he hath mixed himself among the people. Hos.7.", "3. To join; to mingle.", "You mix your sadness with some fear.", "4. To unite with a crowd or multitude.", "MIX, v.i. To become united or blended promiscuously in a mass or compound. Oil and water will not mix without the intervention of a third substance.", "1. To be joined or associated; as, to mix with the multitude, or to mix in society."], "mixed": ["MIX'ED, pp. United in a promiscuous mass or compound; blended; joined; mingled; associated.", "1. a. Promiscuous; consisting of various kinds or different things; as a mixed multitude."], "mixing": ["MIX'ING, ppr. Uniting or blending in a mass or compound; joining in company; associating."], "mixture": ["MIX'TURE, n. L. mixtura. The act of mixing, or state of being mixed. Compounds are made by the mixture of different substances.", "1. A mass or compound, consisting of different ingredients blended without order. In this life there is a mixture of good and evil. Most wines in market are base mixtures.", "2. The ingredient added and mixed. Cicero doubted whether it is possible for a community to exist without a prevailing mixture of piety in its constitution.", "3. In pharmacy, a liquid medicine which receives into its composition not only extracts, salts and other substances dissolvable in water, but earths, powders and other substances not dissolvable.", "4. In chimistry, mixture differs from combination. In mixture, the several ingredients are blended without an alteration of the substances, each of which still retains its own nature and properties. In combination, the substances unite by chimical attraction, and losing their distinct properties, they form a compound differing in its properties from either of the ingredients."], "mock": ["MOCK, v.t.", "1. Properly, to imitate; to mimick; hence, to imitate in contempt or derision; to mimick for the sake of derision; to deride by mimicry.", "2. To deride; to laugh at; to ridicule; to treat with scorn or contempt.", "As he was going up by the way, there came forth little children out of the city, and mocked him, saying, go up, thou bald head. 2 Kings 2. Mark 10.", "3. To defeat; to illude; to disappoint; to deceive; as, to mock expectation.", "Thou hast mocked me and told me lies. Judg.16.", "4. To fool; to tantalize; to play on in contempt.", "He will not", "Mock us with his blest sight, then snatch him hence.", "MOCK, v.i. To make sport in contempt or in jest, or to speak jestingly.", "When thou mockest, shall no man make thee ashamed? Job.11.", "MOCK, n. Ridicule; derision; sneer; an act manifesting contempt.", "Fools make a mock at sin. Prov.14.", "What shall be the portion of those who make a mock at every thing sacred?", "1. Imitation; mimicry. Little used.", "MOCK, a. False, counterfeit; assumed; imitating reality, but not real.", "That superior greatness and mock majesty--"], "mocked": ["MOCK'ED, pp. Imitated or mimicked in derision; laughed at; ridiculed; defeated; illuded."], "mocking": ["MOCK'ING, ppr. Imitating in contempt; mimicking; ridiculing by mimicry; treating with sneers and scorn; defeating; deluding.", "MOCK'ING, n. Derision; insult."], "mockingly": ["MOCK'INGLY, adv. By way of derision; in contempt."], "mocker": ["MOCK'ER, n. One that mocks; a scorner; a scoffer; a derider."], "mode": ["MODE, n. L. modus, metior. The primary sense of mode is measure hence form. Measure is from extending, the extent, hence a limit, and hence the derivative sense of restraining. See Meet and Measure.", "1. Manner of existing or being; manner; method; form; fashion; custom; way; as the mode of speaking; the mode of dressing; modes of receiving or entertaining company.", "The duty of itself being resolved on, the mode of doing it may be easily found.", "It is applicable to particular acts, or to a series of acts, or to the common usage of a city of nation. One man has a particular mode of walking; another has a singular mode of dressing his hair. We find it necessary to conform in some measure to the usual modes of dress.", "2. Gradation; degree.", "What modes of sight between each wide extreme!", "3. State; quality.", "4. In metaphysics, the dependence or affection of a substance. Such complex ideas as contain not in them the supposition of subsisting by themselves, but are considered as dependencies or affections of substances, Locke calls modes. Of these he makes two kinds; simple modes, which are only variations or different combinations of the same idea, as a dozen, which consists of so many units added together; and mixed modes, which are compounded of simple ideas of several kinds, as beauty, which is compounded of color and figure.", "A mode is that which cannot subsist in and of itself, but is esteemed as belonging to and subsisting by the help of some substance, which for that reason is called its subject.", "5. In music, a regular disposition of the air and accompaniments relative to certain principal sounds, on which a piece of music is formed, and which are called the essential sounds of the mode.", "6. In grammar, a particular manner of conjugating verbs to express manner of action or being, as affirmation, command, condition and the like; usually and not very properly written mood. Mood is a word of different signification. See Mood.", "7. A kind of silk."], "modest": ["MOD'EST, a. L. modestus, from modus, a limit.", "1. Properly, restrained by a sense of propriety; hence, not forward or bold; not presumptuous or arrogant; not boastful; as a modest youth; a modest man.", "2. Not bold or forward; as a modest maid. The word may be thus used without reference to chastity.", "The blushing beauties of a modest maid.", "3. Not loose; not lewd.", "Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest wife.", "4. Moderate; not excessive or extreme; not extravagant; as a modest request; modest joy; a modest computation."], "moderate": ["MOD'ERATE, a. L. moderatus, from moderor, to limit, from modus, a limit.", "1. Literally, limited; restrained; hence, temperate; observing reasonable bounds in indulgence; as moderate in eating or drinking, or in other gratifications.", "2. Limited in quantity; not excessive or expensive. He keeps a moderate table.", "3. Restrained in passion, ardor or temper; not violent; as moderate men of both parties.", "4. Not extreme in opinion; as a moderate Calvinist or Lutheran.", "5. Placed between extremes; holding the mean or middle place; as reformation of a moderate kind.", "6. Temperate; not extreme, violent or rigorous; as moderate weather; a moderate winter; moderate heat; a moderate breeze of wind.", "7. Of a middle rate; as men of moderate abilities.", "8. Not swift; as a moderate walk.", "MOD'ERATE, v.t. To restrain from excess of any kind; to reduce from a state of violence; to lessen; to allay; to repress; as, to moderate rage, action, desires, &c.; to moderate heat or wind.", "1. To temper; to make temperate; to qualify.", "By its astringent quality, it moderates the relaxing quality of warm water.", "MOD'ERATE, v.i. To become less violent, severe, rigorous or intense. The cold or winter usually moderates in March; the heat of summer moderates in September."], "moderated": ["MOD'ERATED, pp. Reduced in violence, rigor or intensity; allayed; lessened; tempered; qualified."], "moderately": ["MOD'ERATELY, adv. Temperately; mildly; without violence.", "1. In a middle degree;; not excessively; as water moderately warm.", "Each nymph but moderately fair."], "moderateness": ["MOD'ERATENESS, n. State of being moderate; temperateness; a middle state between extremes; as the moderateness of the weather; used commonly of things, as moderation is of persons."], "moderating": ["MOD'ERATING, ppr. Reducing in violence or excess; allaying; tempering; becoming more mild."], "moderation": ["MODERA'TION, n. L. moderatio. The state of being moderate, or of keeping a due mean between extremes or excess of violence. The General's moderation after victory was more honorable than the victory itself.", "In moderation placing all my glory,", "While tories call me whig, and whigs a tory.", "1. Restraint of violent passions or indulgence of appetite. Eat and drink with moderation; indulge with moderation in pleasures and exercise.", "2. Calmness of mind; equanimity; as, to bear prosperity or adversity with moderation.", "3. Frugality in expenses."], "moderator": ["MODERA'TOR, n. He or that which moderates or restrains. Contemplation is an excellent moderator of the passions.", "1. The person who presides over a meeting or assembly of people to preserve order, propose questions, regulate the proceedings and declare the vote; as the moderator of a town meeting or of a society."], "moist": ["MOIST, a. L. madeo.", "1. Moderately wet; damp; as a moist atmosphere or air.", "Exhalation dusk and moist.", "2. Containing water or other liquid in a perceptible degree."], "moistful": ["MOIST'FUL, a. Full of moisture."], "moistness": ["MOIST'NESS, n. Dampness; a small degree of wetness."], "moisten": ["MOISTEN, v.t. mois'n. To make damp; to wet in a small degree.", "A pipe a little moistened on the inside.", "His bones are moistened with marrow. Job 21."], "moistened": ["MOISTENED, pp. mois'nd. Made wet in a small degree."], "moistener": ["MOISTENER, n. mois'ner. He or that which moistens."], "moistening": ["MOISTENING, ppr. mois'ning. Wetting moderately."], "moisture": ["MOIST'URE, n. A moderate degree of wetness.", "Set such plants as require much moisture, on sandy, dry grounds.", "1. A small quantity of any liquid; as the moisture of the body."], "mole": ["MOLE, n.", "1. A spot, mark or small permanent protuberance on the human body, from which usually issue one or more hairs.", "2. L.mola. A mass of fleshy matter of a spherical figure, generated in the uterus.", "MOLE, n. L. moles.", "1. A mound or massive work formed of large stones laid in the sea by means of coffer dams, extended either in a right line or an arch of a circle before a port, which it serves to defend from the violent impulse of the waves; thus protecting ships in a harbor. The word is sometimes used for the harbor itself.", "2. Among the Romans, a kind of mausoleum, built like a round tower on a square base, insulated, encompassed with columns and covered with a dome.", "MOLE, n. A small animal of the genus Talpa, which in search of worms or other insects, forms a road just under the surface of the ground, raising the soil into a little ridge; from which circumstance it is called a mold-warp, or mold-turner. The mole has very small eyes.", "Learn of the mole to plow, the worm to weave.", "MOLE, v.t. To clear of mole-hills. Local."], "molest": ["MOLEST', v.t. L. molestus, troublesome, molo. See Mill.", "To trouble; to disturb; to render uneasy.", "They have molested the church with needless opposition."], "mollifiable": ["MOL'LIFIABLE, a. from mollify. That may be softened."], "mollified": ["MOL'LIFIED, pp. Softened; appeased."], "mollifier": ["MOL'LIFIER, n. That which softens, appeases or mitigates.", "1. He that softens, mitigates or pacifies."], "mollify": ["MOL'LIFY, v.t. L. mollio. To soften; to make soft or tender. Is.1.", "1. To assuage, as pain or irritation.", "2. To appease; to pacify; to calm or quiet.", "3. To qualify; to reduce in harshness or asperity."], "molten": ["MOLTEN, pp. of melt. Melted.", "1. a. Made of melted metal; as a molten image."], "moment": ["MO'MENT, n. L. momentum. This word is contracted from motamentum, or some other word,the radical verb of which signified to move, rush, drive or fall suddenly, which sense gives that of force. The sense of an instant of time is from falling or rushing, which accords well with that of meet.", "1. The most minute and indivisible part of time; an instant.", "In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye. 1 Cor.15.", "2. Force; impulsive power.", "--Touch with lightest moment of impulse,", "His free will.", "Little used; but hence,", "3. Importance in influence or effect; consequence; weight or value.", "It is an abstruse speculation, but also of far less moment to us than the others."], "momental": ["MOMENT'AL, a. Important. Not in use."], "momentally": ["MOMENT'ALLY, adv. For a moment."], "momently": ["MO'MENTLY, adv. For a moment.", "1. In a moment; every moment. We momently expect the arrival of the mail."], "momentous": ["MOMENT'OUS, a. Important; weighty; of consequence. Let no false step be made in the momentous concerns of the soul."], "money": ["MONEY, n. plu. moneys.", "1. Coin; stamped metal; any piece of metal, usually gold, silver or copper, stamped by public authority, and used as the medium of commerce. We sometimes give the name of money to other coined metals,and to any other material which rude nations use a medium of trade. But among modern commercial nations, gold, silver and copper are the only metals used for this purpose. Gold and silver, containing great value in small compass, and being therefore of easy conveyance, and being also durable and little liable to diminution by use, are the most convenient metals for coin or money, which is the representative of commodities of all kinds, of lands, and of every thing that is capable of being transferred in commerce.", "2. Bank notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchangeable for coin or redeemable, are also called money; as such notes in modern times represent coin, and are used as a substitute for it. If a man pays in hand for goods in bank notes which are current, he is said to pay in ready money.", "3. Wealth; affluence.", "Money can neither open new avenues to pleasure, nor block up the passages of anguish."], "moneyed": ["MONEYED, a. Rich in money; having money; able to command money; used often in opposition to such as have their wealth in real estate.", "Invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants.", "1. Consisting in money; as moneyed capital."], "monster": ["MON'STER, n. L. monstrum, from monstro,to show. So we say in English, a sight. See Muster.", "1. An animal produced with a shape or with parts that are not natural, as when the body is ill formed or distorted, or the limbs too few or too many, or when any part is extravagantly out of proportion, either through defect or excess.", "2. Any unnatural production; something greatly deformed. Monsters are common in the vegetable kingdom.", "3. A person so wicked as to appear horrible; one unnaturally wicked or mischievous. So a parricide is called a monster.", "MON'STER, v.t. To make monstrous. Not used."], "month": ["MONTH, n. L. mensis; Gr. a month, from the moon. A space or period of time constituting a division of the year. Month originally signified the time of one revolution of the moon, a lunation, or the period from one change or conjunction of the moon with the sun to another, a period of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 5 seconds. This is the periodical month, or as we generally call it, the lunar month. In this sense we still use the word month. But we also apply the term to the space of time in which the sun passes through one sign, or a twelfth part of the zodiac. This period contains 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 5 seconds, and it called a solar month. In the year, there are twelve solar months, and thirteen lunar months.", "In popular language, four weeks are called a month, being nearly the length of the lunar month. A calendar month differs in some degree from a solar month; consisting of twenty eight, twenty nine, thirty or thirty one days, as the months stand in calendars or almanacs."], "monthly": ["MONTHLY, a. Continued a month or performed in a month; as the monthly revolution of the moon.", "1. Done or happening once a month, or every month; as the monthly concert of prayer; a monthly visit.", "MONTHLY, adv. Once a month; in every month. The moon changes monthly.", "1. As if under the influence of the moon; in the manner of a lunatic. Not used."], "monument": ["MON'UMENT, n. L. monumentum, from moneo, to admonish or remind.", "1. Any thing by which the memory of a person or an event is preserved or perpetuated; a building, stone or other thing placed or erected to remind men of the person who raised it, or of a person deceased, or of any remarkable event; as a mausoleum, a pillar, a pyramid, a triumphal arch, a tombstone and the like. A pillar of 200 feet in highth, composed of Portland stone, was erected in London as a monument to preserve the memory of the great conflagration in 1666. A monument is erected on Bunker Hill to commemorate the battle of June 17, 1775.", "2. A stone or a heap of stones or other durable thing, intended to mark the bounds of states, towns or distinct possessions, and preserve the memory of divisional lines.", "3. A thing that reminds or gives notice."], "monumental": ["MONUMENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a monument; as a monumental inscription.", "1. Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory.", "Of pine or monumental oak.", "A work outlasting monumental brass.", "2. Belonging to a tomb; as a monumental rest."], "monumentally": ["MONUMENT'ALLY, adv. By way of memorial."], "moon": ["MOON, n.", "1. The heavenly orb which revolves round the earth; a secondary planet or satellite of the earth, whose borrowed light is reflected to the earth and serves to dispel the darkness of night. Its mean distance from the earth is 60 1/2 semidiameters of the earth, or 240,000 miles. Its revolution round the earth in 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, constitutes the lunar month.", "2. A month. This is the sense in which rude nations use the name of the moon; as seven moons.", "Half-moon, in fortification, a figure resembling a crescent."], "mooned": ["MOON'ED, a. Taken for the moon."], "more": ["MORE, a. L. magis; mare for mager; but this is conjecture.", "1. Greater in quality, degree or amount; in a general sense; as more land; more water; more courage; more virtue; more power or wisdom; more love; more praise; more light. It is applicable to every thing, material or immaterial.", "2. Greater in number; exceeding in numbers; as more men; more virtues; more years.", "The children of Israel are more than we. Ex.1.", "3. Greater.", "The more part knew not why they had come together. Acts.19.", "4. Added to some former number; additional.", "But Montague demands one labor more.", "MORE, adv. To a greater degree.", "Israel loved Joseph more than all his children. Gen.37.", "1. It is used with the.", "They hated him yet the more. Gen.37.", "2. It is used to modify an adjective and form the comparative degree, having the same force and effect as the termination er, in monosyllables; as more wise; more illustrious; more contemptible; more durable. It may be used before all adjectives which admit of comparison, and must be used before polysyllables.", "3. A second or another time; again. I expected to hear of him mo more.", "The dove returned not to him again any more. Gen.8.", "No more, not continuing; existing no longer; gone; deceased or destroyed. Cassius is no more. Troy is no more.", "No more is used in commands, in an elliptical form of address. No more! that is, say no more; let me hear no more. In this use however, more, when the sentence is complete, is a noun or substitute for a noun.", "Much more, in a greater degree or with more readiness; more abundantly.", "More and more, with continual increase.", "Amon trespassed more and more. 2 Chron. 33.", "MORE, a noun or substitute for a noun. A greater quantity, amount or number.", "They gathered some more, some less. Ex.16.", "They were more who died by hail-stones, than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. Josh.10.", "God do so to thee and more also. 1 Sam.3.", "There were more than forty who had made this conspiracy. Acts.23.", "1. Greater thing; other thing; something further. Here we rest; we can do no more. He conquered his enemies; he did more, he conquered himself.", "MORE, v.t. To make more."], "moreness": ["MO'RENESS, n. Greatness."], "moreover": ["MOREO'VER, adv. more and over. Beyond what has been said; further; besides; also; likewise.", "Moreover,by them is thy servant warned. Ps.19."], "morn": ["MORN, n. The first part of the day; the morning; a word used chiefly in poetry.", "And blooming peach shall ever bless thy morn."], "morning": ["MORN'ING, n.", "1. The first part of the day, beginning at twelve o'clock at night and extending to twelve at noon. Thus we say, a star rises at one o'clock in the morning. In a more limited sense, morning is the time beginning an hour or two before sunrise, or at break of day, and extending to the hour of breakfast and of beginning the labors of the day. Among men of business in large cities, the morning extends to the hour of dining.", "2. The first or early part.", "In the morning of life, devote yourself to the service of the Most High.", "MORN'ING, a. Pertaining to the first part or early part of the day; being in the early part of the day; as morning dew; morning light; morning service.", "She looks as clear", "As morning roses newly washed with dew."], "morrow": ["MOR'ROW, n.", "1. The day next after the present.", "Till this stormy night is gone,", "And th' eternal morrow dawn.", "This word is often preceded by on or to.", "The Lord did that thing on the morrow. Ex.9.", "To morrow shall this sign be. Ex.8.", "So we say, to night, to day. To morrow is equivalent to on the morrow.", "2. The next day subsequent to any day specified.", "But if the sacrifice of his offering shall be a vow or a voluntary offering, it shall be eaten the same day that he offereth his sacrifice; and on the morrow also the remainder of it shall be eaten. Lev.7.", "Good morrow, a term of salutation; good morning."], "morsel": ["MOR'SEL, n. from L. morsus, a bite, form mordeo.", "1. A bite; a mouthful; a small piece of food.", "Every morsel to a satisfied hunger is only a new labor to a tired digestion.", "2. A piece; a meal; something to be eaten.", "On these herbs and fruits and flowers", "Feed first, on each beast next and fish and fowl,", "No homely morsels.", "3. A small quantity of something not eatable. Improper."], "mortal": ["MOR'TAL, a. L. mortalis, from mors, death, or morior, to die, that is, to fall.", "1. Subject to death; destined to die. Man is mortal.", "2. Deadly; destructive to life; causing death, or that must cause death; as a mortal wound; mortal poison.", "The fruit", "Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste", "Brought death into the world, and all our woe--", "3. Bringing death; terminating life.", "Safe in the hand of one disposing power,", "Or in the natal or the mortal hour.", "4. Deadly in malice or purpose; as a mortal foe. In colloquial language, a mortal foe is an inveterate foe.", "5. Exposing to certain death; incurring the penalty of death; condemned to be punished with death; not venial; as a mortal sin.", "6. Human; belonging to man who is mortal; as mortal wit or knowledge; mortal power.", "The voice of God", "To mortal ear is dreadful.", "7. Extreme; violent. Not elegant.", "The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal fright--", "MOR'TAL, n. Man; a being subject to death; a human being.", "Warn poor mortals left behind.", "It is often used in ludicrous and colloquial language.", "I can behold no mortal now."], "mortality": ["MORTAL'ITY, n. L. mortalitas. Subjection to death or the necessity of dying.", "When I saw her die,", "I then did think on your mortality.", "1. Death.", "Gladly would I meet", "Mortality, my sentence.", "2. Frequency of death; actual death of great numbers of men or beasts; as a time of great mortality.", "3. Human nature.", "Take these tears, mortality's relief.", "4. Power of destruction.", "Mortality and mercy in Vienna,", "Live in thy tongue and heart."], "mortalize": ["MOR'TALIZE, v.t. To make mortal."], "mortally": ["MOR'TALLY, adv. Irrecoverably; in a manner that must cause death; as mortally wounded.", "1. Extremely.", "Adrian mortally envied poets, painters and artificers, in works wherein he had a vein to excel."], "mortar": ["MOR'TAR, n. L. mortarium.", "1. A vessel of wood or metal in form of an inverted bell, in which substances are pounded or bruised with a pestle.", "2. A short piece of ordnance, thick and wide, used for throwing bombs, carcasses,shells, &c.; so named from its resemblance in shape to the utensil above described.", "MOR'TAR, n. A mixture of lime and sand with water, used as a cement for uniting stones and bricks in walls. If the lime is slaked and the materials mixed with lime water, the cement will be much stronger.", "Mort d'ancestor. In law, a writ of assize, by which a demandant recovers possession of an estate from which he has been ousted, on the death of his ancestor."], "morter": ["MOR'TER, n. A lamp or light."], "mortgage": ["MORTGAGE, n. mor'gage.", "1. Literally, a dead pledge; the grant of an estate in fee as security for the payment of money, and on the condition that if the money shall be paid according to the contract, the grant shall be void, and the mortgagee shall re-convey the estate to the mortgager. Formerly the condition was,that if the mortgager should repay the money at the day specified, he might then re-enter on the estate granted in pledge; but the modern practice is for the mortgagee, on receiving payment, to reconvey the land to the mortgager. Before the time specified for payment, that is, between the time of contract and the time limited for payment, the estate is conditional, and the mortgagee is called tenant in mortgage; but on failure of payment at the time limited, the estate becomes absolute in the mortgagee. But in this case, courts of equity interpose,and if the estate is of more value than the debt, they will on application grant a reasonable time for the mortgager to redeem the estate. This is called the equity of redemption.", "2. The state of being pledged; as lands given in mortgage.", "3. A pledge of goods or chattels by a debtor to a creditor, as security for the debt.", "MORTGAGE, v.t. mor'gage. To grant an estate in fee as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a certain time, on condition that if the debt shall be discharged according to the contract, the grant shall be void, otherwise to remain in full force. It is customary to give a mortgage for securing the repayment of money lent, or the payment of the purchase money of an estate, or for any other debt.", "1. To pledge; to make liable to the payment of any debt or expenditure.", "Already a portion of the entire capital of the nation is mortgaged for the support of drunkards."], "mortgaged": ["MORTGAGED, pp. mor'gaged. Conveyed in fee as security for the payment of money."], "mortgager": ["MORTGAGER, n. mor'gager. from mortgage. Mortgagor is an orthography that should have no countenance.", "The person who grants an estate as security for a debt, as above specified."], "mortified": ["MOR'TIFIED, pp. Affected by sphacelus or gangrene.", "1. Humbled; subdued; abased."], "mortifier": ["MOR'TIFIER, n. He or that which mortifies."], "mortify": ["MOR'TIFY, v.t. L. mors, death, and facio, to make.", "1. To destroy the organic texture and vital functions of some part of a living animal; to change to sphacelus or gangrene. Extreme inflammation speedily mortifies flesh.", "2. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the bodily appetites by abstinence or rigorous severities.", "We mortify ourselves with fish.", "With fasting mortified, worn out with tears.", "3. To subdue; to abase; to humble; to reduce; to restrain; as inordinate passions.", "Mortify thy learned lust.", "Mortify therefore your members which are upon the earth. Col.3.", "4. To humble; to depress; to affect with slight vexation.", "How often is the ambitious man mortified with the very praises he receives, if they do not rise so high as he thinks they ought.", "He is controlled by a nod, mortified by a frown, and transported with a smile.", "5. To destroy active powers or essential qualities.", "He mortified pearls in vinegar--", "Quicksilver--mortified with turpentine.", "I believe this application is not now in use.", "MOR'TIFY, v.i. To lose vital heat and action and suffer the dissolution of organic texture, as flesh; to corrupt or gangrene.", "1. To be subdued.", "2. To practice severities and penance from religious motives.", "This makes him give alms of all that he hath, watch, fast and mortify."], "mortifying": ["MOR'TIFYING, ppr. Changing from soundness to gangrene or sphacelus.", "1. Subduing; humbling; restraining.", "2. a. Humiliating; tending to humble or abase.", "He met with a mortifying repulse."], "most": ["MOST, a. superl. of more.", "1. Consisting of the greatest number. That scheme of life is to be preferred, which presents a prospect of the most advantages with the fewest inconveniences.", "Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness. Prov.20.", "2. consisting of the greatest quantity; greatest; as the most part of the land or the mountain.", "MOST, adv. In the greatest or highest degree. Pursue that course of life which will most tend to produce private happiness and public usefulness. Contemplations on the works of God expand the mind and tend to produce most sublime views of his power and wisdom.", "As most is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before any adjective; as most vile, most wicked, most illustrious.", "MOST, n. used as a substitute for a noun, when the noun is omitted or understood.", "1. The greatest number or part.", "Then he began to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done. Matt.11.", "This use seems to have resulted form the omission of part, or some similar word,and most in this case signifies greatest, that is, the greatest part.", "2. The most, the greatest value, amount or advantage, or the utmost in extent, degree or effect.", "A covetous man makes the most of what he has, and can get.", "At the most, the greatest degree or quantity; the utmost extent. Stock brings six per cent. interest at the most, often less."], "mote": ["MOTE, in folkmote, &c. signifies a meeting.", "MOTE, n. A small particle; any thing proverbially small; a spot.", "Why beholdest thou the mote in thy brother's eye? Matt.7.", "The little motes in the sun do ever stir, though there is no wind.", "MOTE, for mought, might or must, obsolete."], "moth": ["MOTH, n.", "1. An animal of the genus Phalaena, which breeds in yard and garments, and often does injury by eating the substance and destroying the texture. Matt.6.", "The name is also applied to the whole genus.", "2. Figuratively, that which gradually and silently eats, consumes or wastes any thing. Idle persons are a moth to the community."], "motheaten": ["MOTH'EATEN, a. Eaten by moths. Job.13."], "mother": ["MOTHER, n. L. mater, mother; matrix, the womb; materia, matter, stuff, materials of which any thing is made. We observe that in some other languages, as well as in English, the same word signifies a female parent, and the thick slime formed in vinegar; and in all the languages of Europe here cited, the orthography is nearly the same as that of mud and matter. The question then occurs whether the name of a female parent originated in a word expressing matter, mold; either the soil of the earth, as the producer, or the like substance, when shaped and fitted as a mold for castings; or whether the name is connected with the opinion that the earth is the mother of all productions; whence the word mother-earth. We are informed by a fragment of Sanchoniathon, that the ancient Phenicians considered mud to be the substance from which all things were formed. See Mud. The word matter is evidently from the Ar. madda, to secrete, eject or discharge a purulent substance; and I think cannot have any direct connection with mud. But in the Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, the same word madre signified mother, and a mold for castings; and the northern languages, particularly the German and Danish, seem to establish the fact that the proper sense of mother is matrix. Hence mother of pearl, the matrix of pearl. If this word had its origin in the name of the earth used for the forms of castings, it would not be a singular fact; for our word mold, in this sense, I suppose to be so named from mold, fine earth. The question remains sub judice.", "1. A female parent; especially, one of the human race; a woman who has borne a child; correlative to son or daughter.", "2. That which has produced any thing.", "Alas, poor country! it cannot", "Be called our mother, but our grave.", "So our native land is called mother country, and a plant from which a slip or cion is taken, is called the mother plant. In this use, mother may be considered as an adjective.", "3. That which has preceded in time; the oldest or chief of any thing; as a mother-church.", "4. Hysterical passion. Not used.", "5. A familiar term of address or appellation of an old woman or matron.", "6. An appellation given to a woman who exercises care and tenderness towards another, or gives parental advice; as when one says,\" a woman has been a mother to me.\"", "7. A thick slimy substance concreted in liquors, particularly in vinegar, very different from scum or common lees.", "MOTHER of pearl, n. The matrix of pearl; the shell in which pearls are generated; a species of Mytilus or Mussel.", "MOTHER of thyme, n. A plant of the genus Thymus.", "MOTHER, a. Native; natural; received by birth; as mother-wit.", "1. Native; vernacular; received from parents or ancestors; as mother-tongue.", "MOTHER, v.i. To concrete, as the thick matter of liquors.", "MOTHER, v.t. To adopt as a son or daughter."], "motion": ["MO'TION, n. L. motio. See Move. The act or process of changing place; change of local position; the passing of a body from one place to another; change of distance between bodies; opposed to rest.", "Animal motion is that which is performed by animals in consequence of volition or an act of the will; but how the will operates on the body in producing motion, we cannot explain.", "Mechanical motion is effected by the force or power of one body acting on another.", "Perpetual motion is that which is effected or supplied by itself, without the impulse or intervention of any external cause. Hitherto it has been found impossible to invent a machine that has this principle.", "1. Animal life and action.", "Devoid of sense and motion.", "2. Manner of moving the body; port; gait; air.", "Each member move and every motion guide.", "3. Change of posture; action.", "Watching the motion of her patron's eye.", "4. Military march or movement.", "5. Agitation; as the motions of the sea.", "6. Internal action; excitement; as the motions of the breast.", "7. Direction; tendency.", "In our proper motion we ascend.", "8. The effect of impulse; action proceeding from any cause, external or internal. In the growth of plants and animals, there must be a motion of the component parts, though invisible. Attraction or chimical affinity produces sensible motion of the parts of bodies. Motions of the mind ascribed to the invisible agency of the Supreme Being, are called good motions.", "Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God.", "9. Proposal made; proposition offered; particularly, a proposition made in a deliberative assembly. A motion is made for a committee; a motion for introducing a bill; a motion to adjourn.", "10. A puppet-show or puppet. Not used.", "MO'TION, v.t. To propose. Little used. See Move."], "motioner": ["MO'TIONER, n. A mover. Not used."], "mount": ["MOUNT, n. L. mons, literally a heap or an elevation.", "1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising considerably above the common surface of the surrounding land. Mount is used for an eminence or elevation of earth, indefinite in highth or size, and may be a hillock, hill or mountain. We apply it to Mount Blanc, in Switzerland, to Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke, in Massachusetts, and it is applied in Scripture to the small hillocks on which sacrifice was offered as well as to Mount Sinai. Jacob offered sacrifice on the mount or heap of stones raised for a witness between him and Laban. Gen.31.", "2. A mound; a bulwark for offense or defense.", "Hew ye down trees and cast a mount against Jerusalem. Jer.6.", "3. Formerly, a bank or fund of money.", "MOUNT, v.i.", "1. To rise on high; to ascend; with or without up.", "Doth the eagle mount up at thy command? Job 39.", "The fire of trees and houses mounts on high.", "2. To rise; to ascend; to tower; to be built to a great altitude.", "Though Babylon should mount up to heaven. Jer.51.", "3. To get on horseback.", "4. To leap upon any animal.", "5. To amount; to rise in value.", "Bring then these blessings to a strict account,", "Make fair deductions, see to what they mount.", "MOUNT, v.t. To raise aloft; to lift on high.", "What power is it which mounts my love so high?", "1. To ascend; to climb; to get upon an elevated place; as, to mount a throne.", "2. To place one's self on horseback; as, to mount a horse.", "3. To furnish with horses; as, to mount a troop. The dragoons were well mounted.", "4. To put on or cover with something; to embellish with ornaments; as, to mount a sword.", "5. To carry; to be furnished with; as, a ship of the line mounts seventy four guns; a fort mounts a hundred cannon.", "6. To raise and place on a carriage; as, to mount a cannon.", "To mount guard, to take the station and do the duty of a sentinel."], "mounted": ["MOUNT'ED, pp. Raised; seated on horseback; placed on a carriage; covered or embellished; furnished with guns."], "mounting": ["MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising; soaring; placing on horseback; ascending an eminence; embellishing."], "mountingly": ["MOUNT'INGLY, adv. By rising or ascending."], "mountain": ["MOUNT'AIN, n. L. adjective, montanus. A large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or adjacent land, but of no definite altitude. We apply mountain to the largest eminences on the globe; but sometimes the word is used for a large hill. In general, mountain denotes an elevation higher and larger than a hill; as the Altaic mountains in Asia, the Alps in Switzerland, the Andes in South America,the Allegheny mountains in Virginia, the Catskill in New York, the White mountains in New Hampshire, and the Green mountains in Vermont. The word is applied to a single elevation, or to an extended range.", "MOUNT'AIN, a. Pertaining to a mountain; found on mountains; growing or dwelling on a mountain; as mountain air; mountain pines; mountain goats."], "mountainer": ["MOUNT'AINER, a. An inhabitant of a mountain.", "1. A rustic; a freebooter; a savage."], "mountainous": ["MOUNT'AINOUS, a. Full of mountains; as the mountainous country of the Swiss.", "1. Large as a mountain; huge; as a mountainous heap.", "2. Inhabiting mountains. Not used."], "mountainousness": ["MOUNT'AINOUSNESS, n. The state of being full of mountains."], "mourn": ["MOURN, v.i. L. maereo.", "1. To express grief or sorrow; to grieve; to be sorrowful. Mourning may be expressed by weeping or audible sounds, or by sobs, sighs or inward silent grief.", "Abraham came to mourn for Sarah and to weep. Gen.23.", "Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted. Matt.5.", "2. To wear the customary habit of sorrow.", "We mourn in black.", "Grieve for an hour perhaps, then mourn a year.", "MOURN, v.t. To grieve for; to lament. But there is an ellipsis of for, the verb not being transitive. When we say, we mourn a friend or a child, the real sense and complete phrase is, we mourn for a friend, or mourn for the loss of a friend. \"He mourn'd his rival's ill success,\" that is,he mourned for his rival's ill success.", "1. To utter in a sorrowful manner.", "The love lorn nightingale", "Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well."], "mourne": ["MOURNE, n. morn. The round end of a staff; the part of a lance to which the steel is fixed, or the ferrel. Not used."], "mournful": ["MOURNFUL, a. Intended to express sorrow, or exhibiting the appearance of grief, as a mournful bell; mournful music.", "No funeral rites nor man in mournful weeds.", "1. Causing sorrow; sad; calamitous; as a mournful death.", "2. Sorrowful; feeling grief.", "The mournful fair--", "Shall visit her distinguished urn."], "mournfulness": ["MOURNFULNESS, n. Sorrow; grief; state of mourning.", "1. Appearance or expression of grief."], "mourning": ["MOURNING, ppr. Grieving; lamenting; sorrowing; wearing the appearance of sorrow.", "MOURNING, n. The act of sorrowing or expressing grief; lamentation; sorrow.", "1. The dress or customary habit worn by mourners.", "And ev'n the pavements were with mourning hid."], "mourningly": ["MOURNINGLY, adv. With the appearance of sorrow."], "mourner": ["MOURNER,n. One that mourns or is grieved at any loss or misfortune.", "1. One that follows a funeral in the habit of mourning.", "2. Something used at funerals.", "The mourner eugh and builder oak were there."], "mournfully": ["MOURNFULLY, adv. In a manner expressive of sorrow; with sorrow. Mal.3."], "mouse": ["MOUSE, n. plu.mice. L. mus; The L. mus forms muris in the genitive, and the root is not obvious.", "1. A small animal of the genus Mus, inhabiting houses. The name is also applied to many other species of the genus, as the field mouse, meadow mouse, rock mouse, &c.", "2. Among seamen, a knob formed on a rope by spun yarn or parceling.", "MOUSE, v.i.. mouz. To catch mice.", "MOUSE, v.t. mouz. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse.", "To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a small line across the upper part to prevent unhooking."], "mouth": ["MOUTH, n.", "1. The aperture in the head of an animal, between the lips, by which he utters his voice and receives food. In a more general sense, the mouth consists of the lips, the gums, the insides of the cheeks, the palate, the salival glands, the uvula and tonsils.", "2. The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied; as the mouth of a jar or pitcher.", "3. The part or channel of a river by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into a lake. The Mississippi and the Nile discharge their waters by several mouths.", "4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the end, by which the charge issues.", "5. The aperture of a vessel in animal bodies, by which fluids or other matter is received or discharged; as the mouth of the lacteals.", "6. The opening or entrance of a cave, pit, well or den. Dan.8.", "7. The instrument of speaking; as, the story is in every body's mouth.", "8. A principal speaker; one that utters the common opinion.", "Every coffee house has some statesman belonging to it, who is the mouth of the street where he lives.", "9. Cry; voice.", "The fearful dogs divide,", "All spend their mouth aloft, but none abide.", "10. In Scripture, words uttered. Job.19. Is.49. Ps.73.", "11. Desires; necessities. Ps.103.", "12. Freedom and boldness of speech; force of argument.", "Luke 21.", "13. Boasting; vaunting. Judges 9.", "14. Testimony. Deut.17.", "15. Reproaches; calumnies. Job.5.", "To make a mouth, to distort the mouth;", "To make mouths, to make a wry face; hence, to deride or treat with scorn.", "1. To pout; to treat disdainfully.", "Down in the mouth, dejected; mortified.", "To have God's law in the mouth, to converse much on it and delight in it. Ex.13.", "To draw near to God with the mouth, to make an external appearance of devotion and worship, while there is no regard to him in the heart. Is.29.", "A froward mouth, contradictions and disobedience. Prov.9.", "A smooth mouth, soft and flattering language. Prov.5.", "To stop the mouth, to silence or to be silent; to put to shame; to confound. Rom.3.lay the hand on the mouth, to be struck silent with shame. Mic.7.", "To set the mouth against the heavens, to speak arrogantly and blasphemously. Ps.73.", "MOUTH, v.t. To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling; as, to mouth words or language.", "Twitch'd by the sleeve, he mouths it more and more.", "1. To take into the mouth; to seize with the mouth.", "2. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat; to devour.", "3. To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub. Not used.", "4. To reproach; to insult.", "MOUTH, v.i. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate; to rant; as a mouthing actor.", "I'll bellow out for Rome and for my country,", "And mouth at Caesar, till I shake the senate."], "mouthed": ["MOUTH'ED,pp. Uttered with a full, swelling, affected voice.", "1. Taken into the mouth; chewed.", "2. a. Furnished with a mouth; used chiefly in composition; as well-mouthed; foul-mouthed, contumelious, reproachful or obscene; mealy-mouthed, bashful, reserved in speaking the plain truth; hard-mouthed, as a horse, not obedient to the bit, difficult to be restrained or governed by the bridle.", "3. Borne down or overpowered by clamor."], "mouthful": ["MOUTH'FUL, n. As much as the mouth contains at once.", "1. A quantity proverbially small; a small quantity."], "mouthing": ["MOUTH'ING, ppr. Uttering with an affected swelling voice."], "move": ["MOVE, v.t. moov. L. moveo.", "1. To impel; to carry, convey or draw from one place to another; to cause to change place or posture in any manner or by any means. The wind moves a ship; the cartman moves goods; the horse moves a cart or carriage. Mere matter cannot move itself. Machines are moved by springs, weights, or force applied.", "2. To excite into action; to affect; to agitate; to rouse; as, to move the passions.", "3. To cause to act or determine; as, to move the will.", "4. To persuade; to prevail on; to excite from a state of rest or indifference.", "Minds desirous of revenge were not moved with gold.", "But when no female arts his mind could move,", "She turn'd to furious hate her impious love.", "5. To excite tenderness, pity or grief in the heart; to affect; to touch pathetically; to excite feeling in.", "The use of images in orations and poetry is to move pity or terror.", "When he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them--Matt.9.", "6. To make angry; to provoke; to irritate.", "7. To excite tumult or commotion.", "When they had come to Bethlehem, all the city was moved about them. Ruth 1. Matt.21.", "8. To influence or incite by secret agency.", "God moved them to depart from him. 2 Chron.18. 2 Pet.1.", "9. To shake; to agitate.", "The kingdoms were moved. Ps.46. Jer.49.", "10. To propose; to offer for consideration and determination; as, to move a resolution in a deliberative assembly.", "11. To propose; to recommend.", "They are to be blamed alike who move and who decline war upon particular respects.", "12. To prompt; to incite; to instigate. Acts. 17.", "MOVE, v.i. To change place or posture; to stir; to pass or go in any manner or direction from one place or part of space to another. The planets move in their orbits; the earth moves on its axis; a ship moves at a certain rate an hour. We move by walking, running or turning; animals move by creeping, swimming or flying.", "On the green bank I sat and listened long,", "Nor till her lay was ended could I move.", "1. To have action.", "In him we live, and move, and have our being. Acts.17.", "2. To have the power of action.", "Every moving thing that liveth, shall be meat for you.", "Gen.9.", "3. To walk.", "He moves with manly grace.", "4. To march. The army moved and took a position behind a wood.", "5. To tremble; to shake.", "The foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. Ps.18.", "6. To change residence. Men move with their families from one house, town or state to another.", "MOVE, n. The act of moving; the act of transferring from place to place, as in chess."], "moved": ["MOVED, pp. Stirred; excited."], "moving": ["MOVING, ppr. Causing to move or act; impelling; instigating; persuading; influencing.", "1. a. Exciting the passions or affections; touching; pathetic; affecting; adapted to excite or affect the passions; as a moving address or discourse.", "MOVING, n. Motive; impulse."], "movingly": ["MOVINGLY, adv. In a manner to excite the passions or affect sensibility; pathetically.", "His air, his voice, his looks and honest soul,", "Speak all so movingly in his behalf."], "mover": ["MOVER, n. The person or thing that gives motion or impels to action.", "1. He or that which moves.", "2. A proposer; one that offers a proposition, or recommends any thing for consideration or adoption; as the mover of a resolution in a legislative body."], "mow": ["MOW, n. A heap, mass or pile of hay deposited in a barn.", "We never give this name to hay piled in the field or open air. The latter is called a stack or rick.", "MOW, v.t. To lay hay in a heap or mass in a barn, or to lay it in a suitable manner.", "MOW, v.t. pret. mower; pp. mowed or mown. The L. has meto, and the Gr. to mow or reap. The last radical letter is not ascertained.", "1. To cut down with a scythe, as grass or other plants. We say, to mow grass.", "2. To cut the grass from; as, to mow a meadow.", "3. To cut down with speed; to cut down indiscriminately, or in great numbers or quantity. We say, a discharge of grape shot mows down whole ranks of men. Hence Saturn or Time is represented with a scythe, an emblem of the general and indiscriminate destruction of the human race by death.", "MOW, v.i. To cut grass; to practice mowing; to use the scythe. Does the man mow well?", "1. To perform the business of mowing; to cut and make grass into hay; to gather the crop of grass, or other crop.", "In America, mow is not applied to the cutting of wheat or rye. When these are cut with a scythe, they are said to be cradled. Oats and barley are sometimes mowed.", "MOW, n. from mouth. A wry face.", "MOW, v.i. To make mouths."], "mowe": ["MOWE, v.i. To be able; must; may."], "mowing": ["MOW'ING, ppr. Putting into a mow."], "mower": ["MOWER, n. One who mows; a man dexterous in the use of the scythe."], "mown": ["MOWN, pp. Cut with a scythe.", "1. Cleared of grass with a scythe, as land."], "much": ["MUCH, a.", "1. Great in quantity or amount.", "Thou shalt carry much seed into the field, and gather but little in. Deut.28.", "Manasseh wrought much wickedness in the sight of the Lord to provoke him to anger. 2 Kings 21.", "Return with much riches to your tents. Jost. 22.", "2. Long in duration. How much time is spent in trifling amusements!", "3. Many in number.", "Edom came out against him with much people. Num.20.", "This application of much is no longer used.", "MUCH, adv. In a great degree; by far; qualifying adjectives of the comparative degree; as much more, much stronger, much heavier, much more splendid, much higher. So we say, much less, much smaller, much less distinguished, much weaker, much finer.", "1. To a great degree or extent; qualifying verbs and participles.", "Jonathan, Saul's son, delighted much in David. 1 Sam.19.", "It is a night to be much observed. Ex.12.", "The soul of the people was much discouraged because of the way. Num.21.", "A much afflicted, much enduring man.", "2. Often or long.", "Think much, speak little.", "3. Nearly.", "All left the world much as they found it.", "MUCH, n. A great quantity; a great deal.", "He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex.16.", "To whom much is given, of him much shall be required. Luke 12.", "They have much of the poetry of Maecenas, but little of his liberality.", "1. More than enough; a heavy service or burden.", "He thought not much to clothe his enemies.", "Who thought it much a man should die of love.", "2. An uncommon thing; something strange.", "It was much that one who was so great a lover of peace should be happy in war.", "As much, an equal quantity; used as an adjective or noun. Return as much bread as you borrowed. If you borrow money, return as much as you receive. So we say, twice as much, five times as much, that is, twice or five times the quantity.", "1. A certain or suitable quantity.", "Then take as much as thy soul desireth. 1 Sam.2.", "2. To an equal degree; adverbially. One man loves power as much as another loves gold.", "So much, an equal quantity or a certain quantity, as a noun; to an equal degree, or to a certain degree, as an adverb.", "Of sweet cinnamon half so much. Ex.30.", "In all Israel, there was none to be so much praised as Absalom. 2 Sam.14.", "Too much, an excessive quantity, as a noun; to an excessive degree, as an adverb.", "To make much of, to value highly; to prize or to treat with great kindness and attention.", "1. To fondle.", "Much at one, nearly of equal value, effect or influence."], "muffler": ["MUF'FLER, n. A cover for the face; a part of female dress."], "mulberry": ["MUL'BERRY, n. The berry or fruit of a true of the genus Morus."], "mule": ["MULE, n. L. mulus.", "1. A quadruped of a mongrel breed,usually generated between an ass and a mare, sometimes between a horse and a she-ass. But the name is applied to any animal produced by a mixture of different species.", "2. A plant or vegetable produced by impregnating the pistil of one species of plant with the farin or fecundating dust of another. This is called also a hybrid."], "multipliable": ["MUL'TIPLIABLE, a. That may be multiplied."], "multipliableness": ["MUL'TIPLIABLENESS, n. Capacity of being multiplied."], "multiplied": ["MUL'TIPLIED, pp. Increased in numbers.", "1. Numerous; often repeated; as multiplied aggressions."], "multiplier": ["MUL'TIPLIER, n. One who multiplies, or increases number.", "1. The number in arithmetic by which another is multiplied; the multiplicator."], "multiply": ["MUL'TIPLY, v.t. L. multiplico; multus, many, and plico, to fold or double.", "1. To increase in number; to make more by natural generation or production, or by addition; as, to multiply men, horses or other animals; to multiply evils.", "I will multiply my signs and wonders in Egypt. Ex.7.", "Impunity will multiply motives to disobedience.", "2. In arithmetic, to increase any given number as many times as there are units in any other given number. Thus 7x8=56, that is, 7 multiplied by 8 produces the number 56.", "MUL'TIPLY, v.i. To grow or increase in number.", "Be fruitful and multiply. Gen.1.", "When men began to multiply on the face of the earth. Gen.6.", "1. To increase in extent; to extend; to spread.", "The word of God grew and multiplied. Acts 12."], "multiplying": ["MUL'TIPLYING, ppr. Increasing in number.", "1. Growing or becoming numerous."], "multitude": ["MUL'TITUDE, n. L. multitudo, form multus, many.", "1. The state of being many; a great number.", "2. A number collectively; the sum of many.", "3. A great number, indefinitely.", "It is a fault in a multitude of preachers, that they utterly neglect method in their harangues.", "4. A crowd or throng; the populace; applied to the populace when assembled in great numbers, and to the mass of men without reference to an assemblage.", "He the vast hissing multitude admires.", "The multitude have always been credulous, and the few artful."], "munite": ["MU'NITE,v.t. To fortify. Not in use."], "munition": ["MUNI'TION, n. L. munitio, from munio, to fortify.", "1. Fortification.", "2. Ammunition; whatever materials are used in war for defense, or for annoying an enemy. The word includes guns of all kinds, mortars, &c. and their loading.", "3. Provisions of a garrison or fortress, or for ships of war,and in general for an army; stores of all kinds for a fort, an army or navy.", "Munition-ships, ships which convey military and naval stores of any kind, and attend or follow a fleet to supply ships of war."], "murder": ["MUR'DER, n. L. mors.", "1. The act of unlawfully killing a human being with premeditated malice, by a person of sound mind. To constitute murder in law, the person killing another must be of sound mind or in possession of his reason, and the act must be done with malice prepense, aforethought or premeditated; but malice may be implied, as well as express.", "2. An outcry, when life is in danger.", "MUR'DER, v.t.", "1. To kill a human being with premeditated malice. See the Noun.", "2. To destroy; to put an end to.", "Canst thou murder thy breath in middle of a word?"], "murdered": ["MUR'DERED, pp. Slain with malice prepense."], "murderer": ["MUR'DERER, n. A person who in possession of his reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice.", "1. A small piece of ordnance."], "murdering": ["MUR'DERING, ppr. Killing a human being with malice premeditated."], "murderous": ["MUR'DEROUS, a. Guilty of murder; as the murderous king.", "1. Consisting in murder; done with murder; bloody; cruel; as murderous rapine.", "2. Bloody; sanguinary; committing murder; as murderous tyranny.", "3. Premeditating murder; as murderous intent or design."], "murderously": ["MUR'DEROUSLY, adv. In a murderous or cruel manner."], "murmur": ["MUR'MUR, n. L. See the Verb. A low sound continued or continually repeated, as that of a stream running in a stony channel, or that of flame.", "Black melancholy sits,", "Deepens the murmur of the falling floods,", "And breathes a browner horror on the woods.", "1. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low,muttering voice.", "Some discontents there are, some idle murmurs.", "MUR'MUR, v.i. L. murmuro.", "1. To make a low continued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest; as the murmuring surge.", "The forests murmur and the surges roar.", "2. To grumble; to complain; to utter complaints in a low,half articulated voice; to utter sullen discontent; with at, before the thing which is the cause of discontent; as, murmur not at sickness; or with at or against, before the active agent which produces the evil.", "The Jews murmured at him. John 6.", "The people murmured against Moses. Ex.13."], "murmurer": ["MUR'MURER, n. One who murmurs; one who complains sullenly; a grumbler."], "murmuring": ["MUR'MURING, ppr. Uttering complaints in a low voice or sullen manner; grumbling; complaining."], "murmuringly": ["MUR'MURINGLY, adv. With a low sound; with complaints."], "murmurous": ["MUR'MUROUS, a. Exciting murmur or complaint."], "murrain": ["MURRAIN, n. mur'rin. L. morior, to die.", "An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. Ex.9."], "muse": ["MUSE, n. s as z. L. musa.", "1. Properly, song; but in usage, the deity or power of poetry. Hence poets in modern times, as in ancient, invoke the aid of the Muse or Muses, or in other words,the genius of poetry.", "Granville commands; your aid, O Muses, bring,", "What Muse for Granville can refuse to sing?", "2. Deep thought; close attention or contemplation which abstracts the minds from passing scenes; hence sometimes, absence of mind.", "As in great muse, no word to creature spake.", "He was fill'd", "With admiration and deep muse to hear", "Of things so high and strange.", "MUSE, v.i. s as z. L. musso and mussito, to mutter or murmur, to demur, to be silent. The Greek signifies to press, or utter sound with the lips compressed. The latter verb belongs to a sound uttered through the nose or with close lips, or of the same family, L. mussitatio. The word then primarily denotes what we call humming, to hum, as persons do when idle, or alone and steadily occupied.", "1. To ponder; to think closely; to study in silence.", "He mused upon some dangerous plot.", "I muse on the works of thy hands. Ps.143.", "2. To be absent in mind; to be so occupied in study or contemplation, as not to observe passing scenes or things present.", "3. To wonder.", "Do not muse of me.", "MUSE, v.t. To think on; to meditate on."], "museful": ["MU'SEFUL, a. Thinking deeply or closely; silently thoughtful.", "Full of museful mopings."], "musing": ["MU'SING, ppr. Meditating in silence.", "MU'SING, n. Meditation; contemplation."], "music": ["MU'SIC, n. s as z. L. musica.", "1. Melody or harmony; any succession of sounds so modulated as to please the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in accordance or harmony. Music is vocal or instrumental. Vocal music is the melody of a single voice, or the harmony of two or more voices in concert. Instrumental music is that produced by one or more instruments.", "By music minds an equal temper know.", "2. Any entertainment consisting in melody or harmony.", "What music and dancing and diversions and songs are to many in the world, that prayers and devotions and psalms are to you.", "3. The science of harmonical sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependencies and relations of sounds to each other. This may be called speculative or theoretical music.", "4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to please the ear. This is practical music or composition.", "5. Order; harmony in revolutions; as the music of the spheres."], "musical": ["MU'SICAL, a. Belonging to music; as musical proportion; a musical instrument.", "1. Producing music or agreeable sounds; as a musical voice.", "2. Melodious; harmonious; pleasing to the ear; as musical sounds or numbers."], "musically": ["MU'SICALLY, adv. In a melodious or harmonious manner; with sweet sounds."], "musicalness": ["MU'SICALNESS, n. The quality of being melodious or harmonious."], "musician": ["MUSI'CIAN, n. A person skilled in the science of music, or one that sings or performs on instruments of music according to the rules of the art."], "must": ["MUST, v.i.", "1. To be obliged; to be necessitated. It expresses both physical and moral necessity. A man must eat for nourishment, and he must sleep for refreshment. We must submit to the laws or be exposed to punishment. A bill in a legislative body must have three readings before it can pass to be enacted.", "2. It expresses moral fitness or propriety, as necessary or essential to the character or end proposed. \"Deacons must be grave,\" \"a bishop must have a good report of them that are without.\" 1 Tim.3.", "MUST, n. L. mustum; Heb. to ferment.", "New wine; wine pressed from the grape but not fermented.", "MUST, v.t. To make moldy and sour.", "MUST, v.i. To grow moldy and sour; to contract a fetid smell."], "mustard": ["MUS'TARD, n. A plant of the genus Sinapis,and its seed, which has a pungent taste and is a powerful stimulant. It is used externally in cataplasms, and internally as a diuretic and stimulant."], "muster": ["MUS'TER, v.t. L. monstro, to show. Properly, to collect troops for review, parade and exercise; but in general, to collect or assemble troops, persons or things. The officers muster their soldiers regularly; they muster all their forces. The philosopher musters all the wise sayings of the ancients.", "MUS'TER, v.i. To assemble; to meet in one place.", "MUS'TER, n. L. monstrum, a show or prodigy.", "1. An assembling of troops for review, or a review of troops under arms.", "2. A register or roll of troops mustered.", "Ye publish the musters of your own bands.", "3. A collection, or the act of collecting.", "To pass muster, to be approved or allowed."], "mutter": ["MUT'TER, v.i. L. mutio, muttio, and musso,mussito; allied perhaps to muse, which see.", "1. To utter words with a low voice and compressed lips, with sullenness or in complaint; to grumble; to murmur.", "Meantime your filthy foreigner will stare,", "And mutter to himself.", "2. To sound with a low rumbling noise.", "Thick lightnings flash, the muttering thunder rolls.", "MUT'TER, v.t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low murmuring voice.", "Your lips have spoken lies,your tongue hath muttered perverseness. Is.59.", "They in sleep will mutter their affairs.", "MUT'TER, n. Murmur; obscure utterance."], "muttered": ["MUT'TERED, pp. Uttered in a low murmuring voice."], "mutterer": ["MUT'TERER, n. A grumbler; one that mutters."], "muttering": ["MUT'TERING, ppr. Uttering with a low murmuring voice; grumbling; murmuring."], "mutteringly": ["MUT'TERINGLY, adv. With a low voice; without distinct articulation."], "mutual": ["MU'TUAL, a. L. mutuus, from muto, to change.", "Reciprocal; interchanged , each acting in return or correspondence to the other; given and received. Mutual love is that which is entertained by two persons each for the other; mutual advantage is that which is conferred by one person or another,and received by him in return. So we say, mutual assistance, mutual aversion.", "And, what should most excite a mutual flame,", "Your rural cares and pleasures are the same."], "mutuality": ["MUTUAL'ITY, n. Reciprocation; interchange."], "mutually": ["MU'TUALLY, adv. Reciprocally, in the manner of giving and receiving.", "The tongue and the pen mutually assist one another.", "Note-Mutual and mutually properly refer to two persons or their intercourse; but they may be and often are applied to numbers acting together or in concert."], "muzzle": ["MUZ'ZLE, n.", "1. The mouth of a thing; the extreme or end for entrance or discharge; applied chiefly to the end of a tube, as the open end of a common fusee or pistol,or of a bellows.", "2. A fastening for the mouth which hinders from biting.", "With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound.", "MUZ'ZLE, v.t. To bind the mouth; to fasten the mouth to prevent biting or eating.", "Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn. Deut.25.", "1. To fondle with the mouth close. Low.", "2. To restrain from hurt.", "My dagger muzzled--", "MUZ'ZLE, v.i. To bring the mouth near.", "The bear muzzles and smells to him."], "my": ["MY, pronoun. adj. contracted from migen, mine. Me was originally mig, and the adjective migen. So in L. meus. See Mine.", "Belonging to me; as, this is my book. Formerly, mine was used before a vowel, and my before a consonant; my is now used before both. We say, my book; my own book; my old friend. Mine is still used after a verb; as, this book is mine."], "myrrh": ["MYRRH, n. mer. L. myrrha. A gum-resin that comes in the form of drops or globules of various colors and sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a bitter taste. It is imported from Egypt, but chiefly from the southern or eastern parts of Arabia; from what species of tree or plant it is procured, is unknown. As a medicine, it is a good stomachic, antispasmodic and cordial."], "myrtle": ["MYR'TLE, n. L. myrtus. A plant of the genus Myrtus, of several species. The common myrtle rises with a shrubby upright stem, eight or ten feet high. Its branches form a close full head, closely garnished with oval lanceolate leaves. It has numerous small, pale flowers from the axillas, singly on each footstalk."], "myself": ["MYSELF', pron. A compound of my and self, used after I, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinction between the speaker and another person; as, I myself will do it; I have done it myself.", "1. In the objective case, the reciprocal of I. I will defend myself.", "2. It is sometimes used without I, particularly in poetry.", "Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favor."], "mysterial": ["MYSTE'RIAL, a. Containing a mystery or enigma."], "mysterious": ["MYSTE'RIOUS, a. See Mystery. Obscure; hid from the understanding; not clearly understood. The birth and connections of the man with the iron mask in France are mysterious, and have never been explained.", "1. In religion, obscure; secret; not revealed or explained; hidden from human understanding, or unintelligible; beyond human comprehension. Applied to the divine counsels and government, the word often implies something awfully obscure; as, the ways of God are often mysterious."], "mysteriously": ["MYSTE'RIOUSLY, adv. Obscurely; enigmatically.", "1. In a manner wonderfully obscure and unintelligible."], "mysteriousness": ["MYSTE'RIOUSNESS, n. Obscurity; the quality of being hid from the understanding, and calculated to excite curiosity or wonder.", "1. Artful perplexity."], "mystery": ["MYS'TERY, n. L. mysterium; Gr. a secret. This word in Greek is rendered also murium latibulum; but probably both senses are from that of hiding or shutting; Gr. to shut, to conceal.", "1. A profound secret; something wholly unknown or something kept cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or wonder; such as the mystery of the man with the iron mask in France.", "2. In religion, any thing in the character or attributes of", "God, or in the economy of divine providence, which is not revealed to man.", "3. That which is beyond human comprehension until explained. In this sense, mystery often conveys the idea of something awfully sublime or important; something that excites wonder.", "Great is the mystery of godliness. 1 Tim.3.", "Having made known to us the mystery of his will. Eph.1.", "We speak the wisdom of God in a mystery. 1 Cor.2.", "4. An enigma; any thing artfully made difficult.", "5. A kind of ancient dramatic representation.", "6. A trade; a calling; any mechanical occupation which supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to those who carry it on, and therefore a secret to others.", "The word in the latter sense has been supposed to have a different origin from the foregoing, viz."], "nail": ["NAIL, n. If the word was originally applied to a claw or talon, the primary sense may be to catch, or it may be a shoot.", "1. The claw or talon of a fowl or other animal.", "2. The horny substance growing at the end of the human fingers and toes.", "3. A small pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, to be driven into a board or other piece of timber, and serving to fasten it to other timber. The larger kinds of instruments of this sort are called spikes; and a long thin kind with a flattish head, is called a brad.", "4. A stud or boss; a short nail with a large broad head.", "5. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the 16th of a yard.", "6. On the nail, in hand; immediately; without delay or time of credit; as, to pay money on the nail.", "7. To hit the nail on the head, to hit or touch the exact point.", "NAIL, v.t.", "1. To fasten with nails; to unite, close or make compact with nails.", "2. To stud with nails.", "3. To stop the vent of a cannon; to spike."], "nailed": ["NAILED, pp. Fastened with nails; studded."], "nailing": ["NAILING,ppr. Fastening with nails; studding."], "naked": ["NAKED, a. Open, discovered, to strip.", "1. Not covered; bare; having no clothes on; as a naked body or a naked limb.", "2. Unarmed; defenseless; open; exposed; having no means of defense or protection against an enemys attack, or against other injury.", "Behold my bosom naked to your swords.", "3. Open to view; not concealed; manifest. Hebrews 4.", "4. Destitute of worldly goods. Job 1.", "5. Exposed to shame and disgrace. Exodus 32.", "6. Guilty and exposed to divine wrath. Revelations 3.", "7. Plain; evident; undisguised; as the naked truth.", "8. Mere; bare; simple; wanting the necessary additions. God requires of man something besides the naked belief of his being and his word.", "9. Not inclosed in a pod or case; as naked seeds of a plant.", "10. Without leaves, fulcres or arms; as a naked stem or trunk.", "11. Not assisted by glasses; as the naked eye."], "nakedness": ["NAKEDNESS, n.", "1. Want of covering or clothing; nudity; bareness.", "2. Want of means of defense.", "Ye are spies; to see the nakedness of the land are ye come. Gen 42.", "3. Plainness; openness to view.", "To uncover nakedness, in Scripture, is to have incestuous or unlawful commerce with a female."], "name": ["NAME, n.", "1. That by which a thing is called; the sound or combination of sounds used to express an idea, or any material substance, quality or act; an appellation attached to a thing by customary use, by which it may be vocally distinguished from other things. A name may be attached to an individual only, and is then proper or appropriate, as John, Thomas, London, Paris; or it may be attached to a species, genus, or class of things, as sheep, goat, horse, tree, animal, which are called common names, specific or generic.", "2. The letters or characters written or engraved, expressing the sounds by which a person or thing is known and distinguished.", "3. A person.", "They list with women each degenerate name.", "4. Reputation; character; that which is commonly said of a person; as a good name; a bad name.", "5. Renown; fame; honor; celebrity; eminence; praise; distinction.", "What men of name resort to him?", "6. Remembrance; memory.", "The Lord shall blot out his name from under heaven. Deut. 29.", "7. Appearance only; sound only; not reality; as a friend in name. Rev. 3.", "8. Authority; behalf; part; as in the name of the people. When a man speaks or acts in the name of another, he does it by their authority or in their behalf, as their representative.", "9. Assumed character of another.", "Had forged a treason in my patrons name.", "10. In Scripture, the name of God signifies his titles, his attributes, his will or purpose,, his honor and glory, his word, his grace, his wisdom, power and goodness, his worship or service, or God himself.", "11. Issue; posterity that preserves the name. Deut. 25.", "12. In grammar, a noun.", "To call names, to apply opprobrious names; to call by reproachful appellations.", "To take the name of God in vain, to swear falsely or profanely,, or to use the name of God with levity or contempt. Exodus 20.", "To know by name, to honor by a particular friendship or familiarity. Exodus 33.", "Christian name, the name a person receives by baptism, as distinguished from surname.", "NAME, v.t. to call, to name, to invoke.", "1. To set or give to any person or thing a sound or combination of sounds by which it may be known and distinguished ; to call; to give an appellation to.", "She named the child Ichabod. 1 Samuel 4.", "Thus was the building left Ridiculous, and the work confusion named.", "2. To mention by name; to utter or pronounce the sound or sounds by which a person or thing is known and distinguished.", "Neither use thyself to the naming of the Holy One.", "3. To nominate; to designate for any purpose by name.", "Thou shalt anoint to me him whom I name to thee. I Samuel 16.", "4. To entitle.", "To the name of Christ, to make profession of faith in him. 2 Timothy 4."], "named": ["NAMED, pp. Called; denominated; designated by name."], "namely": ["NAMELY, adv. To mention by name; particularly.", "For the excellency of the soul, namely, its power of divining in dreams; that several such divinations have been made, none can question."], "naming": ["NAMING, ppr. Calling; nominating; mentioning."], "napkin": ["NAPKIN, n. nape, cloth; of which napkin is a diminutive.", "1. A cloth used for wiping the hands; a towel.", "2. A handkerchief."], "narcissus": ["NARCISSUS, n. In botany, the daffodil, a genus of plants of several species. They are of the bulbous rooted tribe, perennial in root, but with annual leaves and flower stalks."], "narrow": ["NARROW, a. I suspect this word and near to be contracted by the loss of g, nig, narrow, strait; nigiaw, to narrow; for the D. has naauw, narrow, close, G. with a prefix. In this case, the word belongs to the root of nigh; to approach.", "1. Of little breadth; not wide or broad; having little distance from side to side; as a narrow board; a narrow street; a narrow sea; a narrow hem or border. It is only or chiefly applied to the surface of flat or level bodies.", "2. Of little extent; very limited; as a narrow space or compass.", "3. Covetous; not liberal or bountiful; as a narrow heart.", "4. Contracted; of confined views or sentiments; very limited.", "The greatest understanding is narrow.", "In this sense and the former, it is often prefixed to mind or soul, & c. ; as narrow-minded; narrow-souled; narrow-hearted.", "5. Near; within a small distance.", "6. Close; near; accurate; scrutinizing; as a narrow search; narrow inspection.", "7. Near; barely sufficient to avoid evil; as a narrow escape.", "NARROW, n. A strait; a narrow passage through a mountain, or a narrow channel of water between one sea or lake and another; a sound. It is usually in the plural, but sometimes in the singular."], "narrowed": ["NARROWED, pp. Contracted; made less wide."], "narrowing": ["NARROWING,ppr. Contracting; making less broad."], "narrowings": ["NARROWINGS, n. The part of a stocking which is narrowed."], "narrowness": ["NARROWNESS, n.", "1. Smallness of breadth or distance from side to side; as the narrowness of cloth, of a street or highway, of a stream or sea.", "2. Smallness of extent; contractedness; as the narrowness of capacity or comprehension; narrowness of knowledge or attainments.", "3. Smallness of estate or means of living; poverty; as the narrowness of fortune or of circumstances.", "4. Contractedness; penuriousness; covetousness; as narrowness of heart.", "5. Illiberality; want of generous, enlarged or charitable views or sentiments; as narrowness of mind or views."], "narrows": ["NARROWS, n. A strait; a narrow passage through a mountain, or a narrow channel of water between one sea or lake and another; a sound. It is usually in the plural, but sometimes in the singular."], "narrowly": ["NARROWLY, adv.", "1. With little breadth.", "2. Contractedly; without much extent.", "3. Closely; accurately; with minute scrutiny; as, to look or watch narrowly; to search narrowly.", "4. Nearly; within a little; by a small distance; as, he narrowly escaped.", "5. Sparingly."], "nation": ["NATION, n. to be born", "1. A body of people inhabiting the same country, or united under the same sovereign or government; as the English nation; the French nation. It often happens that many nations are subject to one government; in which case, the word nation usually denotes a body of people speaking the same language, or a body that has formerly been under a distinct government, but has been conquered, or incorporated with a larger nation. Thus the empire of Russia comprehends many nations, as did formerly the Roman and Persian empires. Nation, as its etymology imports, originally denoted a family or race of men descended from a common progenitor, like tribe, but by emigration, conquest and intermixture of men of different families, this distinction is in most countries lost.", "2. A great number, by way of emphasis."], "national": ["NATIONAL, a.", "1. Pertaining to a nation; as national customs, dress or language.", "2. Public; general; common to a nation; as a national calamity.", "3. Attached or unduly attached to ones own country. The writer manifested much national prejudice. He was too national to be impartial."], "nationality": ["NATIONALITY, n. National character; also, the quality of being national, or strongly attached to ones own nation."], "nationalize": ["NATIONALIZE, v.t. To make national; to give to one the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar attachments which belong to citizens of the same nation."], "nationally": ["NATIONALLY, adv. In regard to the nation; as a whole nation.", "The jews-bing nationally espoused to God by covenant."], "native": ["NATIVE, a.", "1. Produced by nature; original; born with the being; natural; not acquired; as native genius; native affections; a native talent or disposition; native cheerfulness; native simplicity.", "2. Produced by nature; not factitious or artificial; as native ore; native color.", "3. Conferred by birth; as native rights and privileges.", "4. Pertaining to the place of birth; as native soil; native country; native graves.", "5. Original; that of which any thing is made; as mans native dust.", "6. Born with; congenial.", "NATIVE, n.", "1. One born in any place is said to be a native of that place, whether country, city or town.", "2. Offspring."], "natively": ["NATIVELY, adv. By birth, naturally; originally."], "nativeness": ["NATIVENESS, n. State of being produced by nature."], "nativity": ["NATIVITY, n.", "1. Birth; the coming into life or the world. The feast of Christmas is observed in memory of Christs nativity.", "2. Time, place and manner of birth; as, to calculate ones nativity.", "3. State or place of being produced.", "These, in their dark nativity, the deep Shall yield us pregnant with infernal flame."], "natural": ["NATURAL, a. to be born or produced", "1. Pertaining to nature; produced or effected by nature, or by the laws of growth, formation or motion impressed on bodies or beings by divine power. Thus we speak of the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color; natural beauty. In this sense, natural is opposed to artificial or acquired.", "2. According to the stated course of things. Poverty and shame are the natural consequences of certain vices.", "3. Not forced; not far fetched; such as is dictated by nature. The gestures of the orator are natural.", "4. According to the life; as a natural representation of the face.", "5. Consonant to nature.", "Fire and warmth go together, and so seem to carry with them as natural an evidence as self-evident truths themselves.", "6. Derived from nature, as opposed to habitual. The love of pleasure is natural ; the love of study is usually habitual or acquired.", "7. Discoverable by reason; not revealed; as natural religion.", "8. Produced or coming in the ordinary course of things, or the progress or animals and vegetables; as a natural death; opposed to violent or premature.", "9. Tender; affectionate by nature.", "10. Unaffected; unassumed; according to truth and reality.", "What can be more natural than the circumstances of the behavior of those women who had lost heir husbands on this fatal day?", "11. Illegitimate; born out of wedlock; as a natural son.", "12. Native; vernacular; as ones natural language.", "13. Derived from the study of the works or nature; as natural knowledge.", "14. A natural note, in music, is that which is according to the usual order of the scale; opposed to flat and sharp notes, which are called artificial.", "Natural history, in its most extensive sense, is the description of whatever is created, or of the whole universe, including the heavens and the earth, and all the productions of the earth. But more generally, natural history is limited to a description of the earth and its productions, including zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, meteorology, & c.", "Natural philosophy, the science of material natural bodies, of their properties, powers and motions. It is distinguished from intellectual and moral philosophy, which respect the mind or understanding of man and the qualities of actions. Natural philosophy comprehends mechanics, hydrostatics, optics, astronomy, chimistry, magnetism, eletricity, galvanism, & c."], "naturalism": ["NATURALISM, n. Mere state of nature."], "naturalization": ["NATURALIZATION, n. See Naturalize The act of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen. Naturalization in Great Britain is only by act of parliament. In the United States, it is by act of Congress, vesting certain tribunals with the power."], "naturalize": ["NATURALIZE, v.t. from natural, nature.", "1. To confer on an alien the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen; to adopt foreigners into a nation or state, and place them in the condition of natural born subjects.", "2. To make natural; to render easy and familiar by custom and habit; as, custom naturalizes labor or study.", "3. To adapt; to make suitable; to acclimate; as, to naturalize one to a climate.", "4. To receive or adopt as native, natural or vernacular; to make our own; as, to naturalize foreign words.", "5. To accustom; to habituate; as, to naturalize the vine to a cold climate."], "naturalized": ["NATURALIZED, pp. Invested with the privileges of natives; rendered easy and familiar; adapted to a climate; acclimated; received as native."], "naturalizing": ["NATURALIZING, ppr. Vesting with the rights of native subjects; making easy; acclimating; adopting."], "naturally": ["NATURALLY, adv.", "1. According to nature; by the force or impulse of nature; not by art or habit. We are naturally prone to evil.", "2. According to nature; without affectation; with just representation; according to life.", "3. According to the usual course of things; as, the effect or consequence naturally follows.", "4. Spontaneously; without art or cultivation. Every plant must have grown naturally in some place or other."], "naturalness": ["NATURALNESS, n.", "1. The state of being given or produced by nature; as the naturalness of desire.", "2. Conformity to nature, or to truth and reality; not affectation ; as the naturalness of the eyebrows."], "naturals": ["NATURALS, n. plu. Among physicians, whatever belongs naturally to an animal; opposed to non-naturals. It may perhaps be sometimes used in the singular."], "nature": ["NATURE, n. L. from nature, born, produced,", "1. In a general sense, whatever is made or produced; a word that comprehends all the works of God; the universe. Of a phoenix we say, there is no such thing in nature.", "And look through nature up to natures God.", "2. By a metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for the powers that produce them. By the expression, trees and fossils are produced by nature, we mean, they are formed or produced by certain inherent powers in matter, or we mean that they are produced by God, the Creator, the Author of whatever is made or produced. The opinion that things are produced by inherent powers of matter, independent of a supreme intelligent author, is atheism. But generally men mean by nature, thus used, the Author of created things, or the operation of his power.", "3. The essence, essential qualities or attributes of a thing, which constitute it what it is; as the nature of the soul; the nature of blood; the nature of a fluid; the nature of plants, or of a metal; the nature of a circle or an angle. When we speak of the nature of man, we understand the peculiar constitution of his body or mind, or the qualities of the species which distinguish him from other animals. When we speak of the nature of a man, or an individual of the race, we mean his particular qualities or constitution; either the peculiar temperament of his body, or the affections of his mind, his natural appetites, passions, disposition or temper. So of irrational animals.", "4. The established or regular course of things; as when we say, an event is not according to nature, or it is out of the order of nature.", "5. A law or principle of action or motion in a natural body. A stone by nature falls, or inclines to fall.", "6. Constitution aggregate powers of a body, especially a living one. We say, nature is strong or weak; nature is almost exhausted.", "7. The constitution and appearances of things.", "The works, whether of poets, painters, moralists or historians, which are built upon general nature, live forever.", "8. Natural affection or reverence.", "Have we not seen, the murdering son ascend his parents bed through violated nature force his way?", "9. System of created things.", "He binding nature fast in fate, Left conscience free and will.", "10. Sort; species; kind; particular character.", "A dispute of this nature caused mischief to a king and an archbishop.", "11. Sentiments r images conformed to nature, or to truth and reality.", "Only nature can please those tastes which are unprejudiced and refined.", "12. Birth. No man is noble by nature.", "NATURE, v.t. To endow with natural qualities. Not in use"], "naturity": ["NATURITY, n. The quality or state of being produced by nature. A very bad word and not used."], "naught": ["NAUGHT, n. Nothing.", "Doth Job serve God for naught? Job 1.", "Thou sellest thy people for naught. Psalm 44.", "To set at naught, to slight, to disregard or despise.", "Ye have set at naught all my counsel. Proverbs 1.", "NAUGHT, adv. In no degree", "To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied.", "NAUGHT, a. Bad; worthless; of no value or account.", "Things naught and things indifferent.", "It is naught, it is naught, says the buyer. Proverbs 20."], "naughtiness": ["NAUGHTINESS, n. Nautiness.", "1. Badness; wickedness; evil principle or purpose.", "I know thy pride and the naughtiness of thy heart. 1 Samuel 17.", "2. Slight wickedness of children; perverseness; mischievousness.", ", a. Nauty.", "1. Wicked; corrupt.", "A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a froward mouth. Proverbs 6.", "2. Bad; worthless.", "The other basket had very naughty figs. Jeremiah 24.", "3. Mischievous; perverse; froward; as a naughty child. It is now seldom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children."], "nave": ["NAVE, n.", "1. The thick piece of timber in the center of a wheel, in which the spokes are inserted; called also the hob.", "2. The middle or body of a church extending from the balluster or rail of the door, to the chief choir."], "navel": ["NAVEL, n. The center of the lower part of the abdomen, or the point where the umbilical cord passes out of the fetus. The umbilical cord is a collection of vessels by which the fetus of an animal communicates with the parent by means of the placenta, to which it is attached."], "navy": ["NAVY, n. Gr. From to swim. To swim then is to move up and down.", "1. A fleet of ships; an assemblage of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company.", "The navy of Hiram brought gold from Ophir. 1 Kings 10.", "2. The whole of the ships of war belonging to a nation or king. The navy of Great Britain is the defense of the kingdom and its commerce. This is the usual acceptation of the word."], "nay": ["NAY, adv. a contracted word, to deny", "1. No; a word that expresses negation.", "I tell you nay, but except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Luke 13.", "2. It expresses also refusal.", "He that will not when he may, When he would he shall have nay.", "In these senses it is now rarely used; no being substituted.", "3. Not only so; not this alone; intimating that something is to be added y way of amplification. He requested an answer; nay, he urged it.", "NAY, n. Denial, refusal.", "NAY, v.t. To refuse. Not in use"], "nazarite": ["NAZARITE, n. A jew who professed extraordinary purity of life and devotion."], "nazaritism": ["NAZARITISM, n. The doctrines of practice of the Nazarites."], "near": ["NEAR, a. This seems to be a contracted word, from nigher, the comparative of neh, nih or nieh; strait, narrow; to narrow", "1. Nigh; not far distant in place, time or degree. Regularly, near should be followed by to, but this is often omitted. We say, a house stands near a river; a friend sits near me; the man fell and was near destruction.", "And Jacob went near to Isaac his father. Genesis 27.", "Now is our salvation nearer than when we believed. Romans 13.", "2. Closely related by blood.", "She is thy fathers near kinswoman. Leviticus 18.", "3. Not distant in affection, support or assistance; present; ready; willing to aid.", "Call upon the Lord, while he is near. Isaiah 55.", "4. Intimate; united in close ties of affection or confidence; as a near friend.", "5. Dear; affecting ones interest or feelings; as a near concern.", "My nearest life.", "6. Close; parsimonious.", "7. Close; not loose, free or rambling; as a version near the original.", "8. Next to one; opposed to off; as the near horse or ox in a team."], "nearest": ["NEAREST, a. Shortest; most direct; as the nearest way to London. So we use nearer for shorter. The use of these words is not correct, but very common."], "nearness": ["NEARNESS, n.", "1. Closeness; small distance. The nearness of a place to a market enhances the value of lands.", "2. Close alliance by blood; propinquity; as the nearness of brothers and sisters, parents and children.", "3. Close union by affection; intimacy of friendship.", "4. Parsimony; closeness in expenses."], "necessaries": ["NECESSARIES, n. plu. from necessary Things necessary for some purpose; as the necessaries of life."], "necessariness": ["NECESSARINESS, n. The state of being necessary."], "necessary": ["NECESSARY, a.", "1. That must be; that cannot be otherwise; indispensably requisite. It is necessary that every effect should have a cause.", "2. Indispensable; requisite; essential; that cannot be otherwise without preventing the purpose intended. Air is necessary to support animal life; food is necessary to nourish the body; holiness is a necessary qualification for happiness; health is necessary to the enjoyment of pleasure; subjection to law is necessary to the safety of persons and property.", "3. Unavoidable; as a necessary inference or consequence from facts or arguments.", "4. Acting from necessity or compulsion; opposed to free. Whether man is a necessary or a free agent is a question much discussed.", "NECESSARY, n. A privy."], "necessitied": ["NECESSITIED, a. In a state of want. Not in use."], "necessity": ["NECESSITY, n.", "1. That which must be and cannot be otherwise, or the cause of that which cannot be otherwise. It is of necessity that a thing cannot be and not be at the same time. It is of necessity that two contradictory propositions cannot both be true.", "2. Irresistible power; compulsive force, physical or moral. If mans actions are determined by causes beyond his control, he acts from necessity, and is not a free agent. Necessity compelled the general to act on the defensive.", "3. Indispensableness; the state of being requisite. The necessity of funds to support public credit, no man questions. The necessity of economy in domestic concerns is admitted. No man can plead necessity in excuse for crimes.", "4. Extreme indigence; pinching poverty; pressing need.", "The cause of all the distractions in his court or army proceeded from the extreme poverty and necessity his majesty was in.", "5. Unavoidableness; inevitableness; as the necessity of a consequence from certain premises.", "6. In the plural, things requisite for a purpose.", "These should be hors for necessities, Not for delights."], "neck": ["NECK, n. G. This word is properly the nape or vertebrae of the neck behind, and is so rendered in other languages, L. that is a knob or mass.", "1. The part of an animals body which is between the head and the trunk, and connects them. In man and many other animals, this part is more slender than the trunk; hence,", "2. A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts; as the neck of land between Boston and Roxbury.", "3. The long slender part of a vessel,, as a retort; or of a plant, as a gourd; or of any instrument, as a guitar.", "A stiff neck, in Scripture, denotes obstinacy in sin.", "On the neck , immediately after; following closely.", "First by committing one sin on the neck of another.", "This phrase is not much used. We more frequently say, on the heels.", "To break the neck of an affair, to hinder, or to do the principal thing to prevent.", "To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. Nehemiah 9."], "necked": ["NECKED, a. Having a neck ; as in stiff-necked."], "necromancer": ["NECROMANCER, n. See Necromancy. One who pretends to foretell future events by holding converse with departed spirits; a conjurer."], "need": ["NEED, n. to be in want. The primary sense is to press.", "1. Want; occasion for something; necessity; a state that requires supply or relief. It sometimes expresses urgent want; pressing exigency.", "What further need have we of witnesses? Matthew 26.", "2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence.", "I know how to abound and to suffer need. Philippians 4.", "NEED, v.t. to compel To want; to lack; to require, as supply or relief.", "They that be whole need not a physician, but they that are sick. Matthew 9.", "NEED,v.i. To be wanted; to be necessary.", "When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs. Not used.", "Need is often used as an auxiliary, or at least without the personal termination.", "And the lender need not fear he shall be injured."], "needed": ["NEEDED, pp. Wanted."], "needful": ["NEEDFUL, a. Necessary, as supply or relief; requisite.", "All things needful for defense abound."], "needing": ["NEEDING, ppr. Wanting; requiring, as supply or relief."], "needs": ["NEEDS, adv. Necessarily; indispensably; generally used with must."], "neediness": ["NEEDINESS, n. from needy Want; poverty; indigence."], "needy": ["NEEDY, a. Necessitous; indigent; very poor; distressed by want of the means of living.", "To relieve the needy and comfort the afflicted, are duties that fall in our way every day.", "Spare the blushes of needy merit."], "needle": ["NEEDLE, n. G. something sharp or pointed. It may be allied to nettle.", "1. A small instrument of steel pointed at one end, with an eye at the other to receive a thread; used in sewing and embroidery. Needles are also used by surgeons in sewing up wounds.", "2. A small pointed piece of steel used in the mariners compass, which by its magnetic quality is attracted and directed to the pole, and thus enables navigators to steer their ships the course intended.", "3. Any crystalized substance in the form of a needle.", "Dipping needle, a magnetic needle that dips or inclines downwards.", "NEEDLE, v.t. To form crystals in the shape of a needle.", "NEEDLE, v.i. To shoot in crystalization into the form of needles; as needled prisms."], "needleful": ["NEEDLEFUL, n. As much thread as is put at once in a needle."], "needlework": ["NEEDLEWORK, n. Work executed with a needle; or the business of a seamstress. It is used particularly for embroidery."], "neese": ["NEESE, v.i. To sneeze See sneeze, which is formed on this word."], "neesing": ["NEESING, n. A sneezing."], "neglect": ["NEGLECT, v.t. G. To let, to leave, to suffer to pass. The sense of the latter words then is to leave behind, or permit to remain; I suspect the L. To be composed of the same prefix, as n is not radical in the latter. But of this I am not confident.", "1. To omit by carelessness or design; to forbear to do, use, employ, promote or attend to; as, to neglect duty or business; to neglect to pay honest debts; to neglect our interest or policy; to neglect the means in our power.", "2. To omit to receive or embrace; to slight.", "How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation? Hebrews 2.", "3. To slight; not to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect. Among people of good breeding, strangers seldom complain of being neglected.", "4. To postpone. Not in use.", "NEGLECT, n.", "1. Omission; forbearance to do any thing that can be done or that requires to be done. Neglect may be from carelessness or intention. The neglect of business is the cause of many failures, but neglect of economy is more frequent and more injurious.", "2. Slight; omission of attention or civilities. Neglect of due notice and attention to strangers is characteristic of ill breeding.", "3. Negligence; habitual want of regard.", "Age breeds neglect in all.", "4. State of being disregarded.", "Rescue my poor remains from vile neglect."], "neglected": ["NEGLECTED, pp. Omitted to be done; slighted; disregarded."], "neglecter": ["NEGLECTER, n. One that neglects."], "neglectful": ["NEGLECTFUL, a.", "1. Heedless; careless; inattentive.", "2. Accustomed or apt to omit what may or ought to be done.", "3. Treating with neglect or slight.", "4. Indicating neglect, slight or indifference; as a neglectful countenance."], "neglecting": ["NEGLECTING, ppr. Omitting; passing by; forbearing to do; slighting; treating with indifference."], "neglectingly": ["NEGLECTINGLY, adv. Carelessly; heedlessly."], "neglection": ["NEGLECTION, n. The state of being negligent. Not used."], "neglective": ["NEGLECTIVE, a. Inattentive; regardless of. Little used."], "negligence": ["NEGLIGENCE, n.", "1. Neglect; omission to do; more generally,", "2. Habitual omission of that which ought to be done, or a habit of omitting to do things, either from carelessness or design. Negligence is usually the child of sloth or laziness, and the parent of disorders in business, often of poverty."], "negligent": ["NEGLIGENT, a.", "1. Careless; heedless; apt or accustomed to omit what ought to be done; inattentive to business or necessary concerns. It is applied to a particular instance of neglect, or it denotes habitually careless or inattentive. 2 Chronicles 29. 2 Peter 1.", "He that thinks he can afford to be negligent, is not far from being poor.", "2. Regardless.", "Be thou negligent of fame."], "negligently": ["NEGLIGENTLY, adv.", "1. Carelessly; heedlessly; without exactness; as a person negligently dressed; a piece negligently written; a farm negligently cultivated.", "2. With slight, disregard or inattention."], "neigh": ["NEIGH, v.i. signifies to jar or quarrel; a sharp noise. To utter the voice of a horse, expressive of want or desire; to whinny.", "NEIGH, n. na. The voice of a horse; a whinnying."], "neither": ["NEITHER, n. Compound pronoun, pronominal adjective, or a substitute, and not either, or not other. Not either; not the one nor the other.", "1. It refers to individual things or persons; as, which road shall I take? Neither, take neither road. The upright judge inclines to neither party. It is used as a substitute; as, the upright judge inclines to neither of the parties.", "He neither loves Nor either cares for him.", "2. It refers to a sentence; as, ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it. That is, ye shall not eat, not either or other shall ye touch it; ye shall not eat, nor shall ye do the other thing here mentioned, that is, touch it. Genesis 3.", "Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king; that is, fight not, either with small or great. 1 Kings 22.", "Neither, in the first part of a negative sentence, is followed by nor, in the subsequent part. It is neither the one nor the other. But or would be most proper, for the negative in neither, applies to both parts of the sentence. It is often used in the last member of a negative sentence instead of nor, as in the passage above cited. Ye shall not eat it , neither shall ye touch it. Here neither is improperly used for nor, for not in the first clause refers only to that clause, and the second negative refers only to the second clause. Ye shall not eat it, nor shall ye touch it. In the sentences above, neither is considered to be a conjunction or connecting word, though in fact it is a pronoun or representative of a clause of a sentence.", "3. Neither primarily refers to two; not either of two. But by usage it is applicable to any number, referring to individuals separately considered. Five or ten persons being charged with a misdemeanor or riot, each may say, neither of us was present.", "4. Neither sometimes closes a sentence in a peculiar manner, thus, men come not to the knowledge of ideas thought to be innate, till they come to the use of reason; not then neither. That is not either when they come to the use of reason, or before. Formerly, in English, as in Greek and French, two negatives were used for one negation. But in such phrases as that above, good speakers now use either; nor then either."], "nephew": ["NEPHEW, n.", "1. The son of a brother or sister.", "2. A grandson; also a descendant. Not much used."], "nest": ["NEST, n.", "1. The place or bed formed or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her young, until they are able to fly. The word is used also for the bed in which certain insects deposit their eggs.", "2. Any place where irrational animals are produced.", "3. An abode; a place of residence; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection itself; usually in an ill sense; as a nest of rogues.", "4. A warm close place of abode; generally in contempt.", "5. A number of boxes, cases or the like, inserted in each other.", "NEST, v.i. To build and occupy a nest.", "The king of birds nested with its leaves."], "net": ["NET, n.", "1. An instrument for catching fish and fowls, or wild beasts, formed with twine or thread interwoven with meshes.", "2. A cunning device; a snare. Mich 7.", "3. Inextricable difficulty. Job 18.", "4. Severe afflictions. Job 19.", "NET, v.t. To make a net or net-work; to knot.", "NET, a. See Neat", "1. Neat; pure; unadulterated.", "2. Being without flaw or spot.", "3. Being beyond all charges or outlay; as net profits.", "4. Being clear of all tare and tret, or all deductions; as net weight. It is sometimes written nett, but improperly. Net is properly a mercantile appropriation of neat.", "NET, v.t. To produce clear profit."], "netting": ["NETTING, n.", "1. A piece of network.", "2. A complication of ropes fastened across each other, to be stretched along the upper part of a ships quarter to contain hammocks. Netting is also employed to hammocks. Netting is also employed to hold the fore and main-top-mast sails when stowed. Netting is also extended along a ships gunwale in engagements, to prevent the enemy from boarding."], "nether": ["NETHER, a. This word is of the comparative degree; the positive occurs only in composition, as in beneath. It is used only in implied comparison, as in the nether part, the nether millstone; but we never say, one part is nether than another. It is not much used.", "1. Lower; lying or being beneath or in the lower part; opposed to upper; as the nether millstone.", "Distorted all my nether shape thus grew transformd.", "2. In a lower place.", "Twixt upper, nether and surrounding fires.", "3. Belonging to the regions below."], "nethermost": ["NETHERMOST, a. Lowest; as the nethermost hell; the nethermost abyss."], "nettle": ["NETTLE, n. A plant of the genus Urtica, whose prickles fret the skin and occasion very painful sensations.", "And near the noisome nettle blooms the rose.", "NETTLE, v.t. To fret or sting; to irritate or vex; to excite sensations of displeasure or uneasiness, not amounting to wrath or violent anger.", "The princes were nettled at the scandal of this affront."], "nettled": ["NETTLED, pp. Fretted; irritated."], "nettling": ["NETTLING, ppr. Irritating; vexing."], "never": ["NEVER, adv.", "1. Not ever; not at any time; at no time. It refers to the past or the future. This man was never at Calcutta; he will never be there.", "2. It has a particular use in the following sentences.", "Ask me never so much dower and gift. Genesis 34.", "Which will not hearken to the voice of charmers, charming never so wisely. Psalm 58.", "A fear of battery-though never so well grounded, is no duress.", "This is a genuine English use of never, found in our Saxon authors, and it ought to be retained. Ask me so much dower as never was done; that is, dower to any extent. The practice of using ever in such phrases, is corrupt. It not only destroys the force but the propriety of the phrase.", "3. In no degree; not.", "Whoever has a friend to guide him, may carry his eyes in another mans head and yet see never the worse.", "4. It is used for not. He answered him never a word; that is, not ever. This use is not common.", "5. It is much used in composition; as in never-ending, never-failing, never-dying, never-ceasing, never-fading; but in all such compounds, never retains its true meaning."], "nevertheless": ["NEVERTHELESS, adv. Not the less; notwithstanding; that is, in opposition to any thing, or without regarding it. It rained, nevertheless, we proceeded on our journey; we did not the less proceed on our journey; we proceeded in opposition to the rain, without regarding it, or without being prevented."], "new": ["NEW, a.", "1. Lately made, invented, produced or come into being; that has existed a short time only; recent in origin; novel; opposed to old, and used of things; as a new coat; a new house; a new book; a new fashion; a new theory; the new chimistry; a new discovery.", "2. Lately introduced to our knowledge; not before known; recently discovered; as a new metal; a new species of animals or plants found in foreign countries; the new continent.", "3. Modern; not ancient.", "4. Recently produced by change; as a new life.", "Put on the new man. Ephesians 4.", "5. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed.", "Heretics and such as instill their poison into new minds.", "New to the plough, unpracticed in the trace.", "6. Renovated; repaired so as to recover the first state.", "Men, after long emaciating diets, wax plump, fat and almost new.", "7. Fresh after any event.", "New from her sickness to that northern air.", "8. Not of ancient extraction or a family of ancient distinction.", "By superior capacity and extensive knowledge, a new man often mounts to favor.", "9. Not before used; strange; unknown.", "They shall speak with new tongues. Mark 16.", "10. Recently commenced; as the new year.", "11. Having passed the change or conjunction with the sun; as the new moon.", "12. Not cleared and cultivated, or lately cleared; as new land.", "13. That has lately appeared for the first time; as a new star.", "New is much used in composition to qualify other words, and always bears its true sense of late, recent, novel, fresh; as in new-born, new-made, new-grown, new-formed, new-found. In this use, new may be considered as adverbial, or as a part of the compound.", "NEW, v.t. To make new. Not used."], "newing": ["NEWING, n. Yeast or barm."], "newness": ["NEWNESS, n.", "1. Lateness of origin; recentness; state of being lately invented or produced; as the newness of a dress; the newness of a system.", "2. Novelty; the state of being first known or introduced. The newness of the scene was very gratifying.", "3. Innovation; recent change.", "And happy newness that intends old right.", "4. Want of practice or familiarity.", "His newness shamed most of the others long exercise.", "5. Different state or qualities introduced by change or regeneration.", "Even so we also should walk in newness of life. Romans 6."], "news": ["NEWS, n. From new; This word has a plural form, but is almost always united with a verb in the singular.", "1. Recent account; fresh information of something that has lately taken place at a distance, or of something before unknown; tidings. We have news from Constantinople. News has just arrived. This news is favorable.", "Evil news rides fast, while good news baits.", "It is no news for the weak and poor to be a prey to the strong and rich.", "2. A newspaper."], "newly": ["NEWLY, adv.", "1. Lately; freshly; recently.", "He rubbd it oer with newly gathered mint.", "2. With a new form, different from the former.", "And the refined mind doth newly fashion Into a fairer form.", "3. In a manner not existing before."], "next": ["NEXT, a.", "1. Nearest in place; that has no object intervening between it and some other; immediately preceding, or preceding in order. We say, the next person before or after another.", "Her princely guest was next her side, in order sat the rest.", "2. Nearest in time; as the next day or hour; the next day before or after Easter.", "3. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right or relation; as, one man is next to another in excellence; one is next in kindred; one is next in rank or dignity. Assign the property to nim who has the next claim.", "NEXT, adv. At the time or turn nearest or immediately succeeding. It is not material who follows next."], "nicolaitan": ["NICOLAITAN, n. One of a sect in the ancient Christian church, so named from Nicolas, a deacon of the church of Jerusalem. They held that all married women should be common to prevent jealousy. They are not charged with erroneous opinions respecting God, but with licentious practices. Revelations 2."], "nigh": ["NIGH, a. G. A preposition signifying to, on or after, that is, approaching, pressing on, making towards; strait, narrow.", "1. Near; not distant or remote in place or time.", "The loud tumult shows the battle nigh.", "When the fig-tree putteth forth leaves, ye know that summer is nigh.", "2. Closely allied by blood; as a nigh kinsman.", "3. Easy to be obtained or learnt; of easy access.", "The word is very nigh unto thee. Deuteronomy 30.", "4. Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid and defend.", "The Lord is nigh unto them who are of a broken heart. Psalm 34.", "5. Close in fellowship; intimate in relation.", "Ye are made nigh by the blood of Christ. Ephesians 2.", "6. Near in progress or condition. Hebrews 6.", "NIGH, adv. ni.", "1. Near; at a small distance in place or time, or in the course of events.", "He was sick, nigh to death. Philippians 2.", "2. Near to a place.", "He drew nigh.", "3. Almost; near. He was nigh dead.", "Nigh is never a preposition. In the phrase, nigh this recess, with terror they survey, there is an ellipsis of to. They, nigh to this recess, survey, &c.", "NIGH, v.i. ni. To approach; to advance or draw near. Not used."], "nighness": ["NIGHNESS, n. Nearness; proximity in place, time or degree."], "night": ["NIGHT, n. The sense may be dark, black, or it may be the decline of the day, from declining, departing.", "1. That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise.", "2. The time after the close of life; death. John 9.", "She closed her eyes in everlasting night.", "3. A state of ignorance; intellectual and moral darkness; heathenish ignorance. Romans 13.", "4. Adversity; a state of affliction and distress. Isaiah 21.", "5. Obscurity; a state of concealment from the eye or the mind; unintelligibleness.", "Nature and natures works lay hid in night.", "In the night, suddenly; unexpectedly. Luke 12.", "To-night, in this night. To-night the moon will be eclipsed."], "nighted": ["NIGHTED, a. Darkened; clouded; black. Little used."], "nine": ["NINE, a. Denoting the number composed of eight and one; as nine men; nine days.", "NINE, n. The number composed of eight and one; or the number less by a unit than ten; three times three."], "nineteen": ["NI'NETEEN, a. Noting the number of nine and ten united; as nineteen years."], "nineteenth": ["NI'NETEENTH, a. The ordinal of nineteen; designating nineteen."], "ninetieth": ["NI'NETIETH, a. The ordinal of ninety."], "ninety": ["NI'NETY, a. Nine times ten; as ninety years."], "ninth": ["NINTH, a. The ordinal of nine; designating the number nine, the next preceding ten; as the ninth day or month.", "NINTH, n. In music, an interval containing an octave and a tone."], "nisan": ["NIS'AN, n. A month of the Jewish calendar, the first month of the sacred year and seventh of the civil year, answering nearly to our March. It was originally called Abibi, but began to be called Nisan after the captivity."], "no": ["NO. an abbreviation of number."], "noble": ["NO'BLE, a.", "1. Great; elevated; dignified; being above every thing that can dishonor reputation; as a nobel mind; a noble courage; noble deeds of valor.", "2. Exalted; elevated; sublime.", "Statues, with winding ivy crown'd, belong to nobler poets for a nobler song.", "3. Magnificent; stately; splendid; as a noble parade; a noble edifice.", "4. Of an ancient and splendid family; as nobel by descent.", "5. Distinguished from commoners by rank and title; as a noble personage.", "6. Free; generous; liberal; as a noble heart.", "7. Principal; capital; as the noble parts of the body.", "8. Ingenuous; candid; of an excellent disposition; ready to receive truth. Acts 17.", "9. Of the best kind; choice; excellent; as a noble vine. Jeremiah 2.", "NO'BLE, n.", "1. A person of rank above a commoner; a nobleman; a peer; as a duke, marquis, earl, viscount or baron.", "2. In Scripture, a person of honorable family or distinguished by station. Exodus 24. Nehemiah 6.", "3. Originally, a gold coin, but now a money of account, value 6s. 8d. sterling, or  48cts."], "nobleness": ["NO'BLENESS, n.", "1. Greatness; dignity; ingenuousness; magnanimity; elevation of mind or of condition, particularly of the mind.", "His purposes are full of honesty, nobleness and integrity.", "Greatness of mind and nobleness their seat build in her loveliest. The nobleness of life is to do this--", "2. Distinction by birth; honor derived from a noble ancestry."], "nod": ["NOD, v.i. Gr. contracted; a nod; to nod, to beckon, a leap a spring; to leap, to throb or beat, as the pulse", "1. To incline the head with a quick motion, either forward or sidewise, as persons nod in sleep.", "2. To bend or incline with a quick motion; as nodding plumes.", "The nodding verdure of its brow.", "3. To be drowsy.", "Your predecessors, contrary to other authors, never pleased their readers more than when they were nodding.", "4. To make a slight bow; also, to beckon with a nod.", "NOD, v.t. To incline or bend; to shake.", "NOD, n.", "1. A quick declination of the head.", "A look or a nod only ought to correct them when they do amiss.", "2. A quick declination or inclination.", "Like a drunken sailor on a mast, ready with every nod to tumble down.", "3. A quick inclination of the head in drowsiness or sleep.", "4. A slight obeisance.", "5. A command; as in L. numen, for nutamen."], "nodding": ["NODDING, ppr. Inclining the head with a short quick motion."], "noise": ["NOISE, n.", "1. Sound of any kind, or proceeding from any cause, as the sound made by the organs of speech, by the wings of an insect, the rushing of the wind, or the roaring of the sea, of cannon or thunder, a low sound, a high sound, &c.; a word of general signification.", "2. Outcry; clamor; loud, importunate or continued talk expressive of boasting, complaint or quarreling. In quarreling, it expresses less than uproar.", "What noise have we about transplantation of diseases and transfusion of blood?", "3. Frequent talk; much public conversation.", "Socrates lived in Athens during the great plague which has made so much noise in all ages, and never caught the least infection.", "NOISE, v.i. To sound loud.", "Harm those terrors did me none, though noising loud.", "NOISE, v.t.", "1. To spread by rumor or report.", "All these sayings were noised abroad-- Luke 1.", "2. To disturb with noise. Not authorized."], "noised": ["NOISED, pp. Spread by report; much talked of."], "noiseful": ["NOISEFUL, a. Loud; clamorous; making much noise or talk."], "noising": ["NOISING, ppr. Spreading by report."], "noisome": ["NOISOME, a.", "1. Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as noisome winds; noisome effluvia or miasmata; noisome pestilence.", "2. Noxious; injurious.", "3. Offensive to the smell or other senses; disgusting; fetid.", "Foul breath is noisome."], "noisomely": ["NOISOMELY, adv. With a fetid stench; with an infectious steam."], "noisomeness": ["NOISOMENESS, n. Offensiveness to the smell; quality that disgusts."], "non": ["NON, adv. L. Not. This word is used in the English language as a prefix only, for giving a negative sense to words; as in non-residence, non-performance, non-existence, non-payment, non-concurrence, non-admission, non-appearance, non-attendance, non-conformity, non-compliance, non-communion, and the like."], "none": ["NONE, a.", "1. Not one; used of persons or things.", "There is none that doeth good; no, not one. Psalm 14.", "2. Not any; not a part; not the least portion.", "Six days shall ye gather it, but on the seventh day, which is the sabbath, in it there shall be none. Exodus 16.", "3. It was formerly used before nouns; as, thou shalt have none assurance of thy life. This use is obsolete; we now use no; thou shalt have no assurance. This is none other but the house of God; we now say, no other.", "4. It is used as a substitute, the noun being omitted. He walketh through dry places, seeking rest and finding none; that is, no rest. Matthew 7.", "5. In the following phrase, it is used for nothing, or no concern. Israel would none of me, that is, Israel would not listen to me at all; they would have no concern with me; they utterly rejected my counsels.", "6. As a substitute, none has a plural signification.", "Terms of peace were none vouchsafed."], "nones": ["NONES, n.", "1. In the Roman calendar, the fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, August, September, November and December, and the seventh day of March, May July and October. The nones were nine days from the ides.", "2. Prayers, formerly so called."], "noon": ["NOON, n. said to be from naw, that is up or ultimate, that limits, also nine. I has been supposed that the ninth hour, among the Romans, was the time of eating the chief meal; this hour was three o'clock, P.M. In Danish, none is an afternooning, a collation.", "1. The middle of the day; the time when the sun is in the meridian; twelve o'clock.", "2. Dryden used the word for midnight. \"At the noon of night.\"", "NOON, a. Meridional.", "How of the noon bell."], "nooning": ["NOON'ING, n. Repose at noon; sometimes, repast at noon."], "noonday": ["NOON'DAY, n. Mid-day; twelve o'clock in the day.", "NOON'DAY, a. Pertaining to mid-day; meridional; as the noonday heat."], "noontide": ["NOON'TIDE, n. See Tide, which signifies time. The time of noon; mid-day.", "NOON'TIDE, a. Pertaining to noon; meridional."], "nor": ["NOR, connective. ne and or.", "1. A word that denies ro renders negative the second or subsequent part of a proposition, or a proposition following another negative proposition; correlative to neither or not.", "I neither love no fear thee.", "Fight neither with small nor great. 1 Kings 22.", "2. Nor sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case a negative proposition has preceded it in the foregoing sentence.", "3. In some cases, usually in poetry, neither is omitted, and the negation which it would express is included in nor.", "Simois nor Xanthus shall be wanting there. That is, neither Simois nor Xanthus.", "4. Sometimes in poetry, nor is used for neither, in the first part of the proposition.", "I whom nor avarice nor pleasures move."], "north": ["NORTH, n. I know not the origin of this word, nor its primary sense. It may have been applied first to the pole star, or to the wind, like Boreas. One of the cardinal points, being that point of the horizon which is directly opposite to the sun in the meridian, on the left hand when we stand with the face to the east; or it is that point of intersection of the horizon and meridian which is nearest our pole.", "NORTH, a. Being in the north; as the north polar star."], "northing": ["NORTH'ING, n.", "1. The motion or distance of a planet from the equator northward.", "As the tides of the sea obey the southing and northing of the sea--", "2. Course or distance northward of the equator."], "northern": ["NORTH'ERN, a.", "1. Being in the north, or nearer to that point than to the east or west.", "2. In a direction towards the north, or a point near it; as, to steer a northern course."], "northward": ["NORTH'WARD, a. Being towards the north, or nearer to the north than to the east and west points.", "NORTH'WARD, adv. Towards the north, or towards a point nearer to the north than the east and west points."], "nose": ["NOSE, n.", "1. The prominent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consisting of two similar cavities called nostrils. The nose serves also to modulate the voice in speaking, and to discharge the tears which flow through the lachrymal ducts. Through this organ also the air usually passes in respiration, and it constitutes no small part of the beauty of the face. In man, the nose is situated near the middle of the face; but in quadrupeds, the nose is at or near the lower extremity of the head.", "2. The end of any thing; as the nose of a bellows.", "3. Scent; sagacity.", "We are not offended with a dog for a better nose than his master.", "To lead by the nose, to lead blindly.", "To be led by the nose, to follow another obsequiously, or to be led without resistance or enquiring the reason.", "To thrust one's nose into the affairs of others, to meddle officiously in other people's matters; to be a busy-body.", "To put one's nose out of joint, to alienate the affections from another.", "NOSE, v.t.", "1. To small; to scent.", "2. To face; to oppose to the face.", "NOSE, v.i. To look big; to bluster. Not used."], "nosed": ["NO'SED, a.", "1. Having a nose; as in long-nosed.", "2. Having sagacity."], "nostril": ["NOS'TRIL, n. Thyrl or thirel is an opening or perforation; thirlian, thyrlian, to bore, to perforate, to thrill, to drill. See Drill. An aperture or passage through the nose. The nostrils are the passages through which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiration."], "not": ["NOT, adv. See Naught.", "1. A word that expreses negation, denial or refusal; as, he will no go; will you remain? I will not. In the first member of a sentence, it may be followed by nor or neither; as not for a price nor reward; I was not in sfety, neither had I rest.", "2. With the substantive verb in the following phrase, it denies being, or denotes extinction of existence.", "Thine eyes are open upon me, and I am not. Job 7."], "notable": ["NOT'ABLE, a. L. known; to know.", "1. Remarkable; worthy of notice; memorable; observable; distinguished or noted.", "They bore two or three charges from the horse with notable courage.", "Two young men of notable strength. 2 Maccabees.", "2. Active; industrious; careful; as a notable woman.", "In both senses, this word is obsolete in elegant style, or used only in irony. The second sense is in colloquial use in New England.", "3. In Scripture, conspicuous; sightly; as a notable horn. Daniel 8.", "4. Notorious. Matthew 27.", "5. Terrible. Acts 2.", "6. Known or apparent. Acts 4.", "NOT'ABLE, n.", "1. In France, the nobles or persons of rank and distinction were formerly called notables.", "2. A thing worthy of observation."], "notableness": ["NOT'ABLENESS, n.", "1. Activity; industriousness; care. Little used.", "2. Remarkableness."], "notably": ["NOT'ABLY, adv.", "1. Memorably; remarkably; eminently.", "2. With show of consequence or importance."], "note": ["NOTE, for ne wote, knew not or could not.", "NOTE, n. L. to know.", "1. A mark or token; something by which a thing may be known; a visible sign.", "They who appertain to the visible church have all the notes of external profession.", "2. A mark made in a book, indicating something worthy of a particular notice.", "3. A short remark; a passage or explanation in the margin of a book.", "4. A minute, memorandum or short writing intended to assist the memory.", "5. Notice; heed.", "Give order to my servants that they take no note at all of our being absent hence.", "6. Reputation; consequence; distinction; as men of note. Acts 16.", "7. State of being observed.", "Small matters, continually in use and note. Little used.", "8. In music, a character which marks a sound, or the sound itself; as a semibreve, a minim, &c. Notes are marks of sounds in relation to elevation or depresion, or to the time of continuing sounds.", "9. Tune; voice; harmonious or melocious sounds.", "The wakeful bird tunes her nocturnal note.", "One common note on either lyre did strike.", "10. Abbreviation; symbol.", "11. A short letter; a billet.", "12. Annotation; commentary; as the notes in Scott's Bible; to write notes on Homer.", "13. A written or printed paper acknowledging a debt and promising payment; as a promissory note; a bank-note; a note of hand; a negotiable note.", "14. Notes, plu. a writing; a written discourse; applied equally to minutes or heads of a discourse or argument, or to a discourse fully written. The advocate often has notes to assist his memory, and clergymen preach with notes or without them.", "15. A diplomatic communication in writing; an official paper sent from one minister or envoy to another.", "My note of January 10th still remains unanswered.", "NOTE, v.t.", "1. To observe; to notice with particular care; to heed; to attend to.", "No more of that; I have noted it well.", "Their manners noted and their states survey'd.", "2. To set down in writing.", "Note it in a book. Isaiah 30.", "3. To charge, as with a crime; with of or for.", "They were both noted of incontinency.", "NOTE, v.t. To butt; to push with the horns. Not used."], "noted": ["NO'TED, pp.", "1. Set down in writing.", "2. Observed; noticed.", "3. Remarkable; much known by reputation or reprot; eminent; celebrated; as a noted author; a noted commander; a noted traveler."], "nothing": ["NOTH'ING, n. no and thing.", "1. Not any thing; not any being or existence; a word that denies the existence of any thing; non-entity; opposed to something. The world was created from nothing.", "2. Non-existnce; a state of annihilation.", "3. Not any thing; not any particular thing, deed or event. Nothing was done to redeem our character. He thought nothing done, while any thing remained to be done.", "A determination to choose nothing is a determination not to choose the truth.", "4. No other thing.", "Nothing but this will entitle you to God's acceptance.", "5. No part, portion, quantity or degree. The troops manifested nothing of irresolution in the attack.", "Yet had his aspect nothing of severe.", "6. No importance; no value; no use.", "Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of naught. Isaiah 41.", "7. No possession of estate; a low condition.", "A man that from very nothing is grown to an unspeakable estate.", "8. A thing of no proportion to something, or of trifling value or advantage.", "The charge of making the ground, and otherwise, is great, but nothing to the profit.", "9. A trifle; a thing of no consideration or importance.", "Tis nothing, says the fool; but says the friend, this nothing, sir, will bring you to your end.", "To make nothing of, to make no difficulty or to consider as trifling, light or unimportant.", "We are industrious to presere our bodies from slavery, but we make nothing of suffering our souls to be slaves to our lusts.", "NOTH'ING, adv. In no degree; not at all.", "Adam, with such counsel nothing sway'd--", "In the phrase, nothing worth, the words are transposed; the natural order being, worth nothing."], "notice": ["NO'TICE, n.", "1. Observation by the eye or by the other senses. We take notice of objects passing or standing before us; we take notice of the owrds of a speaker; we take notice of a peculiar taste of food, or of the smeel of an orange, and of our peculiar sensations. Notice then is the act by which we gain knowledge of something within the reach of the senses, or the effect of an impression on some of the senses.", "2. Observation by the mind or intellectual power; as, to take notice of a distinction between truth and veracity.", "3. Information; intelligence by whatever means communicated; knowledge given or received; as, I received notice by a messenger or by letter. He gave notice of his arrival. The bell gives notice of the hour of the day. The merchant gives notice that a bill of exchange is not accepted.", "4. A paper that communicates information.", "5. Attention; respectful treatment; civility.", "6. Remark; observation.", "NO'TICE, v.t.", "1. To observe; to see. We noticed the conduct of the speaker; we notcied no improper conduct.", "2. To heed; to regard. His conduct was rude, but I did not notice it.", "3. To remark; to mention or make observations on.", "This plant deserves to be noticed in this place.", "Another circumstance was noticed in connection with the suggestion last discussed.", "4. To treat with attention and civilities; as, to notice strangers.", "5. To observe intellectually."], "noticeable": ["NO'TICEABLE, a. That may be observed; worthy of observation."], "noticed": ["NO'TICED, pp. Observed; seen; remarked; treated with attention."], "noticing": ["NO'TICING, ppr. Observing; seeing; regarding; remarking on; treating with attention."], "notwithstanding": ["NOTWITHSTAND'ING, the participle of withstand, with not prefixed, and signifying not opposing; nevertheless. It retains in all cases its participial signification. For example, \"I will surely rend the knigdom from thee, and will give it to thy servant; notwithstanding, in thy days I will not do it, for david thy father's sake.\" 1 Kings 11. In this passage there is an ellipsis of that, after notwithstanding. That refers to the former part of the sentence, I will rend the kingdom from thee; notwithstanding that (declaration or determination,) in thy days I will not do it. in this and in all cases, notwithstanding, either with or without that or this, constitutes the case absolute or independent.", "\"It is a rainy day, but notwithstanding that, the troops must be reviewed; \" that is, the rainy day not opposing or preventing. That, in this case, is a substitute for the whole first clause of the sentence. It is to that clause what a relative is to an antecedent noun, and which may be used in the place of it; notwithstanding which, that is, the rainy day.", "\"Christ enjoined on his followers not to publish the cures he wrought; but notwithstanding his injunctions, they proclaimed them.\" Here, notwithstanding his injunctions, is the case independent or absolute; the injunctions of Christ not opposing or preventing.", "This word answers precisely to the latin non obstante, and both are used with nouns or with substitutes for nouns, for sentences or for clauses of sentences. So in the Latin phrase, hoc non obstante, hoc may refer to a single word, to a sentence or to a series of sentences."], "nought": ["NOUGHT. See Naught."], "nourish": ["NOURISH, v.t. G. to nourish, cannot be the same word unless they have lost a dental, which may perhaps be the fact.", "1. To feed and cause to grow; to supply a living or organized body, animal or vegetable, with matter which increases its bulk or supplies the waste occasioned by any of its functions; to supply with nutriment.", "2. To support; to maintain by feeding. Genesis 47.", "Whilst I in Ireland nourish a mighty band, I will stir up in England some black storm.", "3. To supply the means of support and increase; to encourage; as, to nourish rebellion; to nourish the virtues.", "What madness was ti, with such proofs, to nourish their contentions!", "4. To cherish; to comfort. James 5.", "5. To educate; to instruct; to promote growth in attainments. 1 Timothy 4.", "NOURISH, v.i.", "1. To promote growth.", "Grains and roots nourish more then leaves. Elliptical.", "2. To gain nourishment. Unusual."], "nourishable": ["NOURISHABLE, a. Susceptible of nourishment; as the nourishable parts of the body."], "nourished": ["NOURISHED, pp. Fed; supplied with nutriment; caused to grow."], "nourisher": ["NOURISHER, n. The person or thing that nourishes."], "nourishing": ["NOURISHING, ppr.", "1. Feeding; supplying with aliment; supporting with food.", "2. Promoting growth; nutritious; as a nourishing diet."], "nourishment": ["NOURISHMENT, n.", "1. That which serves to promote the growth of animals or plants, or to repair the waste of animal bodies; food; sustenance; nutriment.", "2. Nutrition; support of animal or vegetable bodies.", "3. Instruction, or that which promotes growth in attainments; as nourishment and growth in grace.", "So they may learn to seek the nourishment of their souls."], "novice": ["NOV'ICE, n. L. from new.", "1. One who is new in any business; one unacquainted or unskilled; one in the rudiments; a beginner.", "I am young, a novice in the trade.", "2. One that has entered a religious house but has not taken the vow; a probationer.", "3. One newly planted in the church, or one newly converted to the Christian faith. 1 Timothy 3."], "now": ["NOW, adv.", "1. At the present time.", "I have a patient now living at an advanced age, who discharged blood from his lungs thirty years ago.", "2. A little while ago; very lately.", "They that but now for honor and for plate, made the sea blush with blood, resign their hate.", "3. At one time; at another time.", "Now high, now low, now master up, now miss.", "4. Now sometimes expresses or implies a connection between the subsequent and preceding proposition; often it introduces an inference or an explanation of what precedes.", "Not this man, but barabbas; now Barabbas was a robber. John 18.", "Then said Mich, now I know that the Lord will do me good, seeing I have a Levite for my priest. Judges 17.", "The other great mischief which befalls men, is by their being misrepresented. Now by calling evil good, a man is misrepresented to others in the way of slander--", "5. After this; things being so.", "How shall any man distinguish now betwixt a parasite and a man of honor?", "6. In supplication, it appears to be somewhat emphatical.", "I beseech thee, O Lord, remember now how I have walked before thee in truth and with a perfect heart. 2 Kings 20.", "7. Now sometimes refers to a particular time past specified or understood, and may be defined, at that time. He was now sensible of his mistake.", "Now and then, at one time and another, indefinitely; occasionally; not often; at intervals.", "They now and then appear in offices of religion.", "If there were any such thing as spontaneous generation, a new species would now and then appear.", "2. Applied to places which appear at intervals or in succession.", "A mead here, ther a heath, and now and then a wood.", "Now, now, repeated, is used to excite attention to something immediately to happen.", "NOW, n. The present time or moment.", "Nothing is there to come, and nothing past, but an eternal now does ever last.", "Now a days, adv. In this age.", "What men of spirit now a days, come to give sober judgment a new plays?", "This is a common colloquial phrase, but not elegant in writing, unless of the more familiar kinds."], "nowed": ["NOW'ED, a. Knotted; tied in a knot; used in heraldry."], "nowes": ["NOWES, n. The marriage knot."], "number": ["NUM'BER, n. Probably the radical sense is to speak, name or tell, as our word tell, in the other dialects, is to number. Number may be allied to name, as the Spaniards use nombre for name, and the French word written with the same letters, is number.", "1. The designation of a unit reference to other units, or in reckoning, counting, enumerating; as, one is the first number; a simple number.", "2. An assemblage of two or more units. Two is a number composed of one and one added. Five and three added make the number eight. Number may be applied to any collection or multitude of units or individuals, and therefore is indefinite, unless defined by other words or by figures or signs of definite signification. Hence,", "3. More than one; many.", "Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numbers.", "4. Multitude.", "Number itself importeth not much in armies, where the men are of weak courage.", "5. In poetry, measure; the order and quantity of syllables constituting feet, which render verse musical to the ear. The harmony of verse consists in the proper distribution of the long and short syllables, with suitable pauses. In oratory, a judicious disposition of words, syllables and cadences constitutes a kind of measure resembling poetic numbers.", "6. Poetry; verse.", "I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came.", "Here the first word numbers may be taken for poetry or verse, and the second for measure.", "Yet shoud the Muses bid my numbers roll.", "7. In grammar, the difference of termination or form of a word, to express unity or plurality. The termination which denotes one or an individual, is the singular number; the termination that denotes two or more individuals or units, constitues the plural number. Hence we say, a noun, an adjective, a pronoun or a verb is in the singular or the plural number.", "8. In mathematics, number is variously distinguished. cardinal numbers are those which express the amount of units; as 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. Ordinal numbers are those which express order; as first, second, third, fourth, &c.", "Determinate number, is that referred to a given unit, as a ternary or three; an indeterminate number, is referred to unity in general, and called quantity.", "Homogeneal numbers, are those referred to the same units; those referred to different units are termed heterogeneal.", "Whole numbers, are called integers.", "A rational number, is one commensurable with unity. A number incommensurable with unity, is termed irrational or surd.", "A prime or primitive number, is divisible only by unity; as three, five, seven, &c.", "A perfect number, is that whose aliquot parts added together, make the whole number, as 28, whose aliquot parts, 14. 7. 4. 2. 1. make the number 28.", "An imperfect number, is that whose aliquot parts added together, make more or less than the number. This is abundant or defedtive; abundant, as 12, whose aliquot parts, 6. 4. 3. 2. 1. make 16; or defective, as 16 whose aliquot parts, 8. 4. 2. 1. make 15 only.", "A square number, is the product of a number multiplied by itself; as, 16 is the square number of four.", "A cubic number, is the product of a square number by its root; as, 27 is the product of the square number 9 by its root 3.", "Golden number, the cycle of the moon, or revolution of 19 years, in which time the conjunctions, oppositions and other aspects of the moon are nearly the same as they were on the same days of the month 19 years before.", "NUM'BER, v.t.", "1. To count; to reckon; to ascertain the units of any sum, collection or multitude.", "If a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy seed also be numbered. Genesis 8.", "2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude.", "He was numbered with the transgressors. Isaiah 53."], "numbered": ["NUM'BERED, pp. Counted; enumerated."], "numberer": ["NUMBERER, n. One that counts numbers."], "numbering": ["NUM'BERING, ppr. Counting; ascertaining the units of a multitutde or collection."], "numbers": ["NUM'BERS, n. The title of the fourth book of the Pentateuch."], "nun": ["NUN, n. A woman devoted to a religious life, and who lives in a cloister or nunnery, secluded from the world, under a vow of perpetual chastity.", "NUN, n.", "1. A web-footed fowl of the size of a duck, with a white head and neck.", "2. The blue titmouse."], "nurse": ["NURSE, n.", "1. A woman that has the care of infants, or a woman employed to tend the children of others.", "2. A woman who suckles infants.", "3. A woman that has the care of a sick person.", "4. A man who has the care of the sick.", "5. A person that breeds, educates or protects; hence, that which breeds, brings up or causes to grow; as Greece, the nurse of the liberal arts.", "6. An old woman; in contempt.", "7. The state of being nursed; as, to put a child to nurse.", "8. In composition, that which supplies food; as a nurse-pond.", "NURSE, v.t.", "1. To tend, as infants; as, to nurse a child.", "2. To suckle; to nourish at the breast.", "3. To attend and take care of in child-bed; as, to nurse a woman in her illness.", "4. To tend the sick; applied to males and females.", "5. To ffed; to maintain; to bring up. Isaiah 60.", "6. To cherish; to foster; to encourage; to promote growth in. We say, to nurse a feeble animal or plant.", "By what hands has vice been nursed into so uncontrolled a dominion?", "7. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase; as, to nurse our national resources."], "nursed": ["NURS'ED, pp. Tended in infancy or sickness; nourished from the breast maintained; cherished."], "nursing": ["NURS'ING, ppr. Tending; nourishing at the breast; education; maintaining."], "nurture": ["NUR'TURE, n.", "1. That which nourishes; food; diet.", "2. That which promotes growth; education; instruction. Ephesians 6.", "NUR'TURE, v.t.", "1. To feed; to nourish.", "2. To educate; to bring or train up.", "He was nurtured where he was born."], "nut": ["NUT, n. It seems to be allied to knot, a bunch or hard lump.", "1. The fruit of certain trees and shrubs, consisting of a hard shell inclosing a kernel. A nut is properly the pericarp of the fruit. Various kinds of nuts are distinguished; as walnut, chestnut, hazlenut, butternut.", "2. In mechanics, a small cylinder or other body, with teeth or projections corresponding with the teeth or grooves of a wheel.", "3. The projection near the eye of an anchor.", "NUT, v.t. To gather nuts."], "nympha": ["NYMPH'A, n. Another name of the pupa, chrysalis, or aurelia; the second state of an insect, passing to its perfect form."], "o": ["O is the fifteenth letter, and the fourth vowel in the English Alphabet. The shape of this letter seems to have been taken from the circular configuration of the lips in uttering the sound. It corresponds in figure with the Coptic O, and nearly with the Syriac initial and final vau, and the Ethiopic ain. In words derived from the oriental languages, it often represents the vau of those languages, and sometimes the ain; the original sound of the latter being formed deep in the throat, and with a greater aperture of the mouth.", "In English, O has a long sound, as in tone, hone, groan, cloke, roll, droll; a short sound, as in lot plod, rod, song, lodge. The sound of oo is shortened in words ending in a close articulation, as in book and foot.", "The long sound of O, is usually denoted by e, at the end of a word or syllable, as in bone, lonely; or by a servile a, as in moan, foal. It is generally long before ll, as in roll; but it is short in doll, loll, and in words of more syllables than one, as in folly, volley.", "As a numeral, O was sometimes used by the ancients for 11, and with a dash over it for 11,000.", "Among the ancients, O was a mark of tripe time, from the notion that the ternary or number 3, is the most perfect of numbers, and properly expressed by a circle, the most perfect figure.", "O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a wish.", "O, were he present.", "It sometimes expresses surprise. Shakespeare uses O for a circle or oval.", "Within this wooden O."], "oak": ["OAK, n. It is probably that the first syllable, oak, was originally an adjective expressing some quality, as hard or strong, and by the disuse of tree, oak became the name of the tree.", "A tree of the genus Quercus, or rather the popular name of the genus itself, of which there are several species. The white oak grows to a great size, and furnishes a most valuable timber; but the live oak of the United States is the most durable timber for ships. In Hartford still stands the venerable oak, in the hollow stem of which was concealed and preserved the colonial charter of Connecticut, when Sir E. Andros, by authority of a writ of quo warranto from the British crown, attempted to obtain possession of it, in 1687. As it was then a large tree, it must now be nearly three hundred years old."], "oar": ["OAR, n. An instrument for rowing boats, being a piece of timber round or square at one end, and flat at the other. The round end is the handle, and the flat end the blade.", "To boat the oars, in seamanship, to cease rowing and lay the oars in the boat.", "To ship the oars, to place them in the row-locks.", "OAR, v.i. To row.", "OAR, v.t. To impel by rowing."], "oath": ["OATH, n.", "A solemn affirmation or declaration, made with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed. The appeal to God in an oath, implies that the person imprecates his vengeance and renounces his favor if the declaration is false, or if the declaration is a promise, the person invokes the vengeance of God if he should fail to fulfill it. A false oath is called perjury."], "ob": ["OB, a Latin preposition, signifies primarily, in front, before, and hence against, towards; as in objicio, to object, that is, to throw against. It has also the force of in or on; as in obtrude. In composition, the letter b is often changed into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed; as in occasion, offer, oppose."], "obedience": ["OBE'DIENCE, n. L. obedientia. See Obey.", "Compliance with a command, prohibition or known law and rule of duty prescribed; the performance of what is required or enjoined by authority, or the abstaining from what is prohibited, in compliance with the command or prohibition. To constitute obedience, the act or forbearance to act must be in submission to authority; the command must be known to the person, and his compliance must be in consequence of it, or it is not obedience. Obedience is not synonymous with obsequiousness; the latter often implying meanness or servility, and obedience being merely a proper submission to authority. That which duty requires implies dignity of conduct rather than servility. Obedience may be voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary obedience alone can be acceptable to God.", "Government must compel the obedience of individuals; otherwise who will seek its protection or fear its vengeance?"], "obedient": ["OBE'DIENT, a. L. obediens. Submissive to authority; yielding compliance with commands, orders or injunctions; performing what is required, or abstaining from what is forbid.", "The chief his orders gives; the obedient band, with due observance, wait the chief's command."], "obediently": ["OBE'DIENTLY, adv. With obedience; with due submission to commands; with submission or compliance with orders."], "obeisance": ["OBE'ISANCE, n. L. obedio.", "A bow or courtesy; an act of reverence made by an inclination of the body or the knee. Gen. 37."], "obey": ["OBEY, v.t. L. obedio; Gr.", "1. To comply with the commands, orders or instructions of a superior, or with the requirements of law, moral, political or municipal; to do that which is commanded or required, or to forbear doing that which is prohibited.", "Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. 6.", "Servants, obey in all things your masters. Col. 3.", "He who has learned to obey, will know how to command.", "2. To submit to the government of; to be ruled by.", "All Israel obeyed Solomon. 1Chron. 29. Dan. 7.", "3. To submit to the direction or control of. Seamen say, the ship will not obey the helm.", "Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, that ye should obey it in the lusts thereof. Rom. 6. James 3.", "4. To yield to the impulse, power or operation of; as, to obey stimulus.", "Relentless time, destroying power, whom stone and brass obey."], "obeyed": ["OBEYED, pp. Complied with; performed; as a command; yielded to."], "obeying": ["OBEYING, ppr. Complying with commands; submitting to."], "object": ["OB'JECT, n. L. objectum, objectus. See the Verb.", "1. That about which any power or faculty is employed, or something apprehended or presented to the mind by sensation or imagination. Thus that quality of a rose which is perceived by the sense of smell, is an object of perception. When the object is not in contact with the organ of sense, there must be some medium through which we obtain the perception of it. The impression which objects make on the senses, must be by the immediate application of them to the organs of sense, or by means of the medium that intervenes between the organs and the objects.", "2. That to which the mind is directed for accomplishment or attainment; end; ultimate purpose. Happiness is the object of every man's desires; we all strive to attain that object. Wealth and honor are pursued with eagerness as desirable objects.", "3. Something presented to the senses or the mind, to excite emotion, affection or passion.", "This passenger felt some degree of concern at the sight of so moving an object.", "In this sense, the word uttered with a particular emphasis, signifies something that may strongly move our pity, abhorrence or disgust. What an object!", "4. In grammar, that which is produced, influenced or acted on by something else; that which follows a transitive verb. When we say, \"God created the world,\" world denotes the thing produced, and is the object after the verb created. When we say, \"the light affects the eye,\" eye denotes that which is affected or acted on. When we say, \"instruction directs the mind or opinions,\" mind and opinions,\" mind and opinions are the objects influenced."], "objectable": ["OBJECT'ABLE, a. That may be opposed."], "objection": ["OBJEC'TION, n. L. objectio.", "1. The act of objecting.", "2. That which is presented in opposition; adverse reason or argument. The defendant urged several objections to the plaintiff's claims. The plaintiff has removed or overthrown those objections.", "3. That which may be offered in opposition; reason existing, though not offered, against a measure or an opinion. We often have objections in our minds which we never offer or present in opposition.", "4. Criminal charge; fault found."], "objective": ["OBJECT'IVE, a.", "1. Belonging to the object; contained in the object.", "Objective certainty, is when the proposition is certainly true in itself; and subjective, when we are certain of the truth of it. The one is in things, the other in our minds.", "2. In grammar, the objective case is that which follows a transitive verb or a preposition; that case in which the object of the verb is placed, when produced or affected by the act expressed by the verb. This case in English answers to the oblique cases of the Latin."], "objectively": ["OBJECT'IVELY, adv.", "1. In the manner of an object; as a determinate idea objectively in the mind.", "2. In the state of an object."], "objectiveness": ["OBJECT'IVENESS, n. The state of being an object.", "Is there such a motion or objectiveness of external bodies, which produceth light?"], "oblate": ["OBLA'TE, a. L. oblatur, offero; ob and fero, to bear.", "Flattened or depressed at the poles; as an oblate spheroid, which is the figure of the earth."], "oblateness": ["OBLA'TENESS, n. The quality or state of being oblate."], "oblation": ["OBLA'TION, n. L. oblatio, from offero; ob and fero, to bear or bring.", "Any thing offered or presented in worship or sacred service; an offering; a sacrifice.", "Bring no more vain oblations. Is. 1."], "obscuration": ["OBSCURA'TION, n. L. obscuratio.", "1. The act of darkening.", "2. The state of being darkened or obscured; as the obscuration of the moon in an eclipse."], "obscure": ["OBSCU'RE, a. L. obscurus.", "1. Dark; destitute of light.", "Whoso curseth his father or mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness. Prov. 20.", "2. Living in darkness; as the obscure bird.", "3. Not easily understood; not obviously intelligible; abstruse; as an obscure passage in a writing.", "4. Not much known or observed; retired; remote from observation; as an obscure retreat.", "5. Not noted; unknown; unnoticed; humble; mean; as an obscure person; a person of obscure birth.", "6. Not easily legible; as an obscure inscription.", "7. Not clear, full or distinct; imperfect; as an obscure view of remote objects.", "OBSCU'RE, v.t. L. obscuro.", "1. To darken; to make dark. The shadow of the earth obscures the moon, and the body of the moon obscures the sun, in an eclipse.", "2. To cloud; to make partially dark. Thick clouds obscure the day.", "3. To hide from the view; as, clouds obscure the sun.", "4. To make less visible.", "Why, 'tis an office of discovery, love, and I should be obscured.", "5. To make less legible; as, time has obscured the writing.", "6. To make less intelligible.", "There is scarce any duty which has been so obscured by the writings of the learned as this.", "7. To make less glorious, beautiful or illustrious.", "- And see'st not sin obscures thy godlike frame?", "8. To conceal; to make unknown.", "9. To tarnish; as, to obscure brightness."], "obscurely": ["OBSCU'RELY, adv.", "1. Darkly; not clearly; imperfectly; as an object obscurely seen; obscurely visible.", "2. Out of sight; in a state not to be noticed; privately; in retirement; not conspicuously.", "There live retired, content thyself to be obscurely good.", "3. Not clearly; not plainly to the mind; darkly; as future events obscurely revealed.", "4. Not plainly; indirectly; by hints or allusion."], "obscurity": ["OBSCU'RITY, n. L. obscuritas.", "1. Darkness; want of light.", "We wait for light, but behold obscurity. Is. 59.", "2. A state of retirement from the world; a state of being unnoticed; privacy.", "You are not for obscurity designed.", "3. Darkness of meaning; unintelligibleness; as the obscurity of writings or of a particular passage.", "4. Illegibleness; as the obscurity of letters or of an inscription.", "5. A state of being unknown to fame; humble condition; as the obscurity of birth or parentage."], "observable": ["OBSERV'ABLE, a. s as z. See Observe.", "1. That may be observed or noticed.", "2. Worthy of observation or of particular notice; remarkable.", "I took a just account of every observable circumstance of the earth, stone, metal or other matter."], "observably": ["OBSERV'ABLY, adv. s as z. In a manner worthy of note."], "observance": ["OBSERV'ANCE, n. s as z.", "1. The act of observing; the act of keeping or adhering to in practice; performance; as the observance of rules, rites, ceremonies or laws.", "Love rigid honesty, and strict observance of impartial laws.", "2. Respect; ceremonial reverence in practice.", "To do observance on the morn of May.", "3. Performance of rites, religious ceremonies or external service.", "Some represent to themselves the whole of religion as consisting in a few easy observances.", "4. Rule of practice; thing to be observed.", "5. Observation; attention. Little used.", "6. Obedient regard or attention.", "Having had experience of his fidelity and observance abroad. Not used."], "observant": ["OBSERV'ANT, a. s as z.", "1. Taking notice; attentively viewing or noticing; as an observant spectator or traveler.", "2. Obedient; adhering to in practice; with of. He is very observant of the rules of his order.", "We are told how observant Alexander was of his master Aristotle.", "3. Carefully attentive; submissive.", "OBSERV'ANT, n. s as z.", "1. A slavish attendant. Not in use.", "2. A diligent observer."], "observation": ["OBSERVA'TION, n. s as z. L. observatio. See Observe.", "1. The act of observing or taking notice; the act of seeing or of fixing the mind on any thing. We apply the word to simple vision, as when one says, a spot on the sun's disk did not fall under his observation; or to the notice or cognizance of the mind, as when one says, the distinction made by the orator escaped his observation. When however it expresses vision, it often represents a more fixed or particular view than a mere transient sight; as an astronomical observation.", "2. Notion gained by observing; the effect or result of seeing or taking cognizance in the mind, and either retained in the mind or expressed in words; inference or something arising out of the act of seeing or noticing, or that which is produced by thinking and reflecting on a subject; note; remark; animadversion. We often say, I made the observation in my own mind; but properly an observation is that which is expressed as the result of viewing or of thinking.", "In matters of human prudence, we shall find the greatest advantage by making wise observations on our conduct.", "3. Observance; adherence to in practice; performance of what is prescribed.", "He freed the christian church from the external observation and obedience of legal precepts not formally moral.", "4. In navigation, the taking of the altitude of the sun or a star in order to find the latitude."], "observator": ["OBSERVA'TOR, n. s as z.", "1. One that observes or takes notice.", "2. A remarker."], "observe": ["OBSERVE, v.t. obzerv'. L. observo; ob and servo, to keep or hold. The sense is to hold in view, or to keep the eyes on.", "1. To see or behold with some attention; to notice; as, to observe a halo round the moon; I observed a singular phenomenon; we observe strangers or their dress. I saw the figure, but observed nothing peculiar in it.", "2. To take notice or cognizance of by the intellect. We observe nice distinctions in arguments, or a peculiar delicacy of thought.", "3. To utter or express, as a remark, opinion or sentiment; to remark. He observed that no man appears great to his domestics.", "4. To keep religiously; to celebrate.", "A night to be much observed to the Lord. Ex. 12.", "Ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Ex. 12.", "Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years. Gal. 4.", "5. To keep or adhere to in practice; to comply with; to obey; as, to observe the laws of the state; to observe the rules and regulations of a society.", "Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. Matt. 28.", "6. To practice.", "In the days of Enoch, the people observed not circumcision or the sabbath.", "OBSERVE, v.i. observ'.", "1. To remark. I have heard the gentleman's arguments, and shall hereafter observe upon them.", "2. To be attentive."], "observed": ["OBSERV'ED, pp. s as z.", "1. Noticed by the eye or the mind.", "2. Kept religiously; celebrated; practiced."], "observer": ["OBSERV'ER, n. s as z.", "1. One who observes; one that takes notice; particularly, one who looks to with care, attention or vigilance.", "Careful observers may foretell the hour, by sure prognostic, when to dread a shower.", "Creditors are great observers of set days and times.", "2. A beholder; a looker on; a spectator.", "3. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation or rite; one who adheres to any thing in practice; one who performs; as a great observer of forms; an observer of old customs.", "4. One who fulfills or performs; as, he is a strict observer of his word or promise.", "5. One who keeps religiously; as an observer of the sabbath."], "observing": ["OBSERV'ING, ppr. s as z.", "1. Taking notice by the eye or the intellect.", "2. Remarking.", "3. Keeping; adhering to in practice; fulfilling.", "4. a. Giving particular attention; habitually taking notice; attentive to what passes. He is an observing man."], "observingly": ["OBSERV'INGLY, adv. s as z. Attentively; carefully; with close observation."], "obstinate": ["OB'STINATE, a. L. obstinatus.", "1. Stubborn; pertinaciously adhering to an opinion or purpose; fixed firmly in resolution; not yielding to reason, arguments or other means.", "I have known great cures done by obstinate resolutions of drinking no wine.", "No ass so meek, no ass os obstinate.", "2. Not yielding or not easily subdued or removed; as an obstinate fever; obstinate obstructions; an obstinate cough."], "obstinately": ["OB'STINATELY, adv. Stubbornly; pertinaciously; with fixedness of purpose not to be shaken, or not without difficulty; as a sinner obstinately bent on his own destruction.", "Inflexible to ill and obstinately just."], "obstinateness": ["OB'STINATENESS, n. Stubbornness; pertinacity in opinion or purpose; fixed determination."], "obtain": ["OBTA'IN, v.t. L. obtineo; ob and teneo, to hold.", "1. To get; to gain; to procure; in a general sense, to gain possession of a thing, whether temporary or permanent; to acquiare. this word usually implies exertion to get possession, and in this it differs from receive, which may or may not imply exertion. it differs from acquire, as genus from species; acquire being properly applied only to things permanently possessed; but obtain is applied both to things of temporary and of permanent possession. We obtain loans of money on application; we obtain answers to letters; we obtain spirit from liquors by distillation and salts by evaporation. We obtain by seeking; we often receive without seeking. We acquire or obtain a good title to lands by deed, or by a judgment of court; but we do not acquire spirit by distillation; nor do we acquire an answer to a letter or an application.", "He shall obtain the kingdom by flatteries. Dan. 11.", "In whom we have obtained an inheritance. Eph. 1.", "2. To keep; to hold.", "OBTA'IN, v.i.", "1. To be received in customary or common use; to continue in use; to be established in practice.", "The Theodosian code, several hundred years after Justinian's time, obtained in the western parts of the empire.", "2. To be established; to subsist in nature.", "The general laws of fluidity, elasticity and gravity, obtain in animal and inanimate tubes.", "3. To prevail; to succeed. Little used."], "obtainable": ["OBTA'INABLE, a. That may be obtained; that may be procured or gained."], "obtained": ["OBTA'INED, pp. Gained; procured; acquired."], "obtainer": ["OBTA'INER, n. One who obtains."], "obtaining": ["OBTA'INING, ppr. Gaining; procuring; acquiring."], "obtainment": ["OBTA'INMENT, n. The act of obtaining."], "occasion": ["OCCA'SION, n. s as z. L. occasio, from oceido, to fall; ob and cado.", "1. Properly, a falling, happening or coming to; an occurrence, casualty, incident; something distinct from the ordinary course or regular orders of things.", "2. Opportunity; convenience; favorable time, season or circumstances.", "I'll take th' occasion which he give to bring him to his death.", "Use not liberty for an occasion to the flesh. Gal. 5.", "Sin taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me.", "Rom. 7.", "3. Accidental cause; incident, event or fact giving rise to something else. What was the occasion of this custom?", "Her beauty was the occasion of the war.", "4. Incidental need; casual exigency; opportunity accompanied with need or demand. So we say, we have occasion for all our resources. We have frequent occasions for assisting each other.", "The ancient canons were well fitted for the occasion of the church in its purer ages.", "My occasions have found time to use them toward a supply of money.", "OCCA'SION, v.t.", "1. To cause incidentally; to cause; to produce. The expectation of war occasions a depression in the price of stocks. Consumptions are often occasioned by colds. Indigestion occasions pain in the head. Heat occasions lassitude.", "2. To influence; to cause.", "If we inquire what it is that occasions men to make several combinations of simple ideas into distinct modes -"], "occasioned": ["OCCA'SIONED, pp. s as z. Caused incidentally; caused; produced."], "occasioning": ["OCCA'SIONING, ppr. s as z. Causing incidentally or otherwise."], "occasive": ["OCCA'SIVE, a. Falling; descending; western; pertaining to the setting sun.", "Amplitude is ortive or occasive."], "occupancy": ["OC'CUPANCY, n. L. occupo, to take or seize; ob and capio, to seize.", "1. The act of taking possession.", "2. In law, the taking possession of a thing not belonging to any person. the person who first takes possession of land is said to have or hold it by right of occupancy.", "Occupancy gave the original right to the property in the substance of the earth itself."], "occupant": ["OC'CUPANT, n.", "1. He that occupies or takes possession; he that has possession.", "2. In law, one that first takes possession of that which has no legal owner. The right of property, either in wild beasts and fowls, or in land belonging to no person, vests in the first occupant. The property in these cases follows the possession."], "occupate": ["OC'CUPATE, v.t. L. occupo. To hold; to possess; to take up. Not used."], "occupation": ["OCCUPA'TION, n. L. occupatio.", "1. The act of taking possession.", "2. Possession; a holding or keeping; tenure; use; as lands in the occupation of AB.", "3. That which engages the time and attention; employment; business. He devotes to study all the time that his other occupations will permit.", "4. The principal business of one's life; vocation; calling; trade; the business which a man follows to procure a living or obtain wealth. Agriculture, manufactures and commerce furnish the most general occupations of life. Painting, statuary, music, are agreeable occupations. Men not engaged in some useful occupation commonly fall into vicious courses."], "occupier": ["OC'CUPIER, n.", "1. One that occupies or takes possession.", "2. One who holds possession.", "3. One who follows an employment. Ezek. 27."], "occupy": ["OC'CUPY, v.t. L. occupo; ob and capio, to seize or take.", "1. To take possession. The person who first occupies land which has no owner, has the right of property.", "2. To keep in possession; to possess; to hold or keep for use. The tenant occupies a farm under a lease of twenty one years. A lodger occupies an apartment; a man occupies the chair in which he sits.", "3. To take up; to possess; to cover or fill. The camp occupies five acres of ground. Air may be so rarefied as to occupy a vast space. The writing occupies a sheet of paper, or it occupies five lines only.", "4. To employ; to use.", "The archbishop may have occasion to occupy more chaplains than six.", "5. To employ; to busy one's self. Every man should be occupied, or should occupy himself, in some useful labor.", "6. To follow, as business.", "All the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise. Ezek. 27.", "7. To use; to expend.", "All the gold that was occupied for the work - Ex. 38. Not now in use.", "OC'CUPY, v.i. To follow business; to negotiate.", "Occupy till I come. Luke 19."], "occupying": ["OC'CUPYING, ppr. Taking or keeping possession; employing."], "occurrence": ["OCCUR'RENCE, n.", "1. Literally, a coming or happening; hence, any incident or accidental event; that which happens without being designed or expected; any single event. We speak of an unusual occurrence, or of the ordinary occurrences of life.", "2. Occasional presentation.", "Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual occurrence and expectation of something new."], "occurrent": ["OCCUR'RENT, n. Incident; any thing that happens. Obs."], "odd": ["ODD, a.", "1. Not even; not divisible into equal numbers; as one, three, five, seven, &c.", "Good luck lies in odd numbers.", "2. Left or remaining after the union, estimate or use of even numbers; or remaining after round numbers or any number specified; as the odd number; the odd man.", "Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made, it was destroyed by a deluge.", "3. Singular; extraordinary; differing from what is usual; strange; as an odd phenomenon.", "It sometimes implies dislike or contempt; as an odd fellow.", "4. Not noted; unheeded; not taken into the common account.", "There are yet missing some few odd lads that you remember not.", "5. Uncommon; particular.", "The odd man to perform all three perfectly is Joannes Sturmis.", "6. Uncommon; in appearance improper or not likely to answer the purpose. This is an odd way of doing things.", "Locke's Essay would be an odd book for a man to make himself master of, who would get a reputation by his critical writings.", "7. Separate from that which is regularly occupied; remaining unemployed. I will take some odd time to do this business. He may do it at odd times."], "oddness": ["ODD'NESS, n.", "1. The state of being not even.", "2. Singularity; strangeness; particularity; irregularity; uncouthness; as the oddness of dress or shape; the oddness of an event or accident."], "odds": ["ODDS, n. s as z. It is used both in the singular and plural.", "1. Inequality; excess of either compared with the other; difference in favor of one and against another.", "Preeminent by so much odds.", "In this example, much marks the singular number, and many cannot be used.", "Cromwell, with odds of number and of fate -", "All the odds between them has been the different scope given to their understandings to range in.", "Judging is balancing an account and determining on which side the odds lie.", "There appeared at least four to one odds against them.", "2. Advantage; superiority.", "3. Quarrel; dispute; debate.", "It is odds, more likely than the contrary. It is odds that he will find a shrewd temptation.", "At odds, in dispute; at variance; in controversy or quarrel.", "That sets us all at odds.", "Or they must always be at odds."], "ode": ["ODE, n. L. ode; Gr. A short poem or song; a poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem. The ode is of the greater or less kind; the less is characterized by sweetness and ease; the greater by sublimity, rapture and quickness of transition.", "Pindar has left Olympic odes, Pythian odes, Nemean odes, and Isthmian odes.", "The ode consists of unequal verses in stanzas or strophes."], "odious": ["O'DIOUS, a. L. odiosus, from odi, I hated, Eng. hate.", "1. Hateful; deserving hatred. It expresses something less than detestable and abominable; as an odious name; odious vice.", "All wickedness is odious.", "2. Offensive to the senses; disgusting; as an odious sight; an odious smell.", "3. Causing hate; invidious; as, to utter odious truth.", "4. Exposed to hatred.", "He rendered himself odious to the parliament."], "odiously": ["O'DIOUSLY, adv.", "1. Hatefully; in a manner to deserve or excite hatred.", "2. Invidiously; so as to cause hate."], "odiousness": ["O'DIOUSNESS, n.", "1. Hatefulness; the quality that deserves or may excite hatred; as the odiousness of sin.", "2. The state of being hated. Not usual."], "of": ["OF, prep. ov. Gr.", "1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.", "I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1Cor. 11.", "For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Josh. 11.", "It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.", "Lam. 3.", "The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Prov. 16.", "Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2Chron. 34.", "That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1.", "Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. \"Part of these were slain;\" that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, \"some of these were slain;\" that is, some from or out of others. \"I have known him of old, or of a child;\" that is, from old times, from a child. \"He is of the race of kings;\" that is, descended from kings. \"He is of noble blood or birth, or of ignoble origin.\" \"No particle of matter, or no body can move of itself;\" that is, by force or strength proceeding from itself, derived from itself.", "\"The quarrel is not now of fame and tribute, or of wrongs done;\" that is, from fame or wrongs, as the cause, and we may render it concerning, about, relating to.", "\"Of this little he had some to spare;\" that is, some from the whole. It may be rendered out of.", "\"Of all our heroes thou canst boast alone;\" that is, thou alone from the number of heroes. This may be rendered among.", "\"The best of men, the most renowned of all;\" that is, the best from the number of men, the most renowned from the whole; denoting primarily separation, like part.", "\"I was well entertained of the English Consul;\" that is, entertained from the Consul; my entertainment was from the Consul. This use is obsolete, and we use by in lieu of it.", "\"This does of right belong to us;\" that is, from right, de jure; our title proceeds from right.", "\"The chariot was all of cedar;\" that is, made from cedar. So we say, made of gold, made of clay; an application corresponding with our modern use of from; manufactured from wool, or from raw materials. Hence we say, cloth consisting of wool. \"This is a scheme of his own devising;\" that is, from his own devising or device. \"If any man minister, let him do it as of the ability which God giveth;\" that is, as from the ability, as the source of action.", "\"Of happy, he is become miserable;\" that is, from happy; from being happy, he has passed to being miserable. \"Of necessity this must prove ruinous;\" that is, from necessity, as the cause or source. \"Of a hundred take fifty;\" that is, from a hundred, or out of a hundred, from among a hundred.", "Of sometimes implies a part or share.", "It is a duty to communicate of those blessings we have received.", "From is then the primary sense of this preposition; a sense retained in off, the same word differently written for distinction. But this sense is appropriately lost in many of its applications; as a man of genius, a man of courage, a man of rare endowments, a fossil of a red color, or of a hexagonal figure. he lost all hope of relief. This is an affair of the cabinet. He is a man of decayed fortune. What is the price of corn? We say that of, in these and similar phrases, denotes property or possession, making of the sign of the genitive or possessive case. These applications, however, all proceeded from the same primary sense. That which proceeds from or is produced by a person, is naturally the property or possession of that person, as the son of John; and this idea of property in the course of time would pass to things not thus produced, but still bearing a relation to another thing. Thus we say, the father of a son, as well as the son of a father. In both senses, other languages also use the same word, as in the French de, de la, and Italian di, dell. Of then has one primary sense, from, departing, issuing, proceeding from or out of, and a derivative sense denoting possession or property."], "offing": ["OFF'ING, n. from off. That part of the sea which is at a good distance from the shore, or at a competent distance, where there is deep water and no need of a pilot. We saw a ship in the offing."], "off": ["OFF, a. auf. Most distant; as the off horse in a team."], "offend": ["OFFEND', v.t. L. offendo; of and fendo, obs. to strike, hit, meet, or thrust against. We use the simple verb in fend, to fend off, to fence.", "1. To attack; to assail. Not used.", "2. To displease; to make angry; to affront. It expresses rather less than make angry, and without any modifying word, it is nearly synonymous with displease. We are offended by rudeness, incivility and harsh language. Children offend their parents by disobedience, and parents offend their children by unreasonable austerity or restraint.", "The emperor was grievously offended with them who had kept such negligent watch.", "A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city. Prov. 18.", "3. To shock; to wound; as, to offend the conscience.", "4. To pain; to annoy; to injure; as, a strong light offends weak eyes.", "5. To transgress; to violate; as, to offend the laws. But we generally use the intransitive verb in this sense, with against; to offend against the law.", "6. To disturb, annoy, or cause to fall or stumble.", "Great peace have they that love thy law, and nothing shall offend them. Ps. 119.", "7. To draw to evil, or hinder in obedience; to cause to sin or neglect duty.", "If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out - if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off. Matt. 5.", "OFFEND', v.i.", "1. To transgress the moral or divine law; to sin; to commit a crime.", "Whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, is guilty of all. James 2.", "In many things we offend all. James 3.", "2. To cause dislike or anger.", "I shall offend, either to detain or to give it.", "But this phrase is really elliptical, some person being understood.", "3. To be scandalized; to be stumbled.", "If meat make my brother to offend - 1Cor. 8.", "1. To offend against, to act injuriously or unjustly.", "Nor yet against Caesar have I offended any thing at all. Acts 25.", "2. To transgress; to violate; as, to offend against the laws of society, the laws of God, or the rules of civility or propriety.", "We have offended against the Lord already. 2Chron. 28."], "offended": ["OFFEND'ED, pp. Displeased."], "offender": ["OFFEND'ER, n. One that offends; one that violates any law, divine or human; a criminal; a trespasser; a transgressor; one that does an injury. The man who robs, steals, or commits an assault, is an offender."], "offending": ["OFFEND'ING, ppr. Displeasing; making angry; causing to stumble; committing sin."], "offer": ["OF'FER, v.t. L. offero; ob and fero, to bring.", "1. Literally, to bring to or before; hence, to present for acceptance or rejection; to exhibit something that may be taken or received or not. He offered me a sum of money. He offered me his umbrella to defend me from the rain.", "The heathen women under the Mogul, offer themselves to the flames at the death of their husbands.", "2. To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal to.", "I offer thee three things. 2Sam. 24.", "3. To present, as an act of worship; to immolate; to sacrifice; often with up.", "Thou shalt offer every day a bullock as a sin-offering for atonement. Ex. 29.", "The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning.", "A holy priesthood to offer up spiritual sacrifices.", "1Peter 2.", "4. To present in prayer or devotion.", "Offer to God thanksgiving. Ps. 1.", "5. To bid, as a price, reward or wages; as, to offer ten eagles for a ring; to offer a hundred dollars a year for a laborer; to offer a salary.", "6. To present to the view or to the mind; as ideas which sense or reflection offers to the mind.", "To offer violence, to assault; to attack or commence attack.", "OF'FER, v.i.", "1. To present itself; to be at hand.", "Th' occasion offers and the youth complies.", "2. To present verbally; to declare a willingness. He offered to accompany his brother.", "3. To make an attempt.", "We came close to the shore and offered to land.", "Formerly with at.", "I will not offer at that I cannot master. Obs.", "OF'FER, n.", "1. A proposal to be accepted or rejected; presentation to choice. The prince made liberal offers, but they were rejected.", "When offers are disdained, and love deny'd.", "2. First advance.", "Force compels this offer.", "3. The act of bidding a price, or the sum bid. By an offer we manifest a desire to buy. When the seller declines accepting, he manifests that he thinks the offer not sufficient.", "4. Attempt; endeavor; essay.", "It is the power of every one to make some essay, some offer and attempt. Nearly obsolete."], "offerable": ["OF'FERABLE, a. That may be offered."], "offered": ["OF'FERED, pp. Presented for acceptance or rejection; presented in worship or devotion; immolated; bid; presented to the eye or the mind."], "offerer": ["OF'FERER, n. One that offers; one that sacrifices or dedicates in worship."], "offering": ["OF'FERING, ppr. Presenting; proposing; sacrificing; bidding; presenting to the eye or mind.", "OF'FERING, n. That which is presented in divine service; an animal or a portion of bread or corn, or of gold and silver, or other valuable articles, presented to God as an atonement for sin, or as a return of thanks for his favors, or for other religious purpose; a sacrifice; an oblation. In the Mosaic economy, there were burnt-offerings, sin-offerings, peace-offerings, trespass-offerings, thank-offerings, wave-offerings, and wood-offerings. Pagan nations also present offerings to their deities. Christ by the offering of himself has superseded the use of all other offerings, having made atonement for all men.", "When thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed - Is. 53."], "office": ["OF'FICE, n. L. officium; ob and facio, to make or do.", "1. A particular duty, charge or trust conferred by public authority and for a public purpose; an employment undertaken by commission or authority from government or those who administer it. Thus we speak of the office of secretary of state, of treasurer, of a judge, of a sheriff, of a justice of the peace, &c. Offices are civil, judicial, ministerial, executive, legislative, political, municipal, diplomatic, military, ecclesiastical, &c.", "2. A duty, charge or trust of a sacred nature, conferred by God himself; as the office of priest, in the Old Testament; and that of the apostles, in the New Testament.", "Insomuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify my office. Rom. 11.", "3. Duty or employment of a private nature; as the office of a midwife. Ex. 1.", "4. That which is performed, intended or assigned to be done by a particular thing, or that which any thing is fitted to perform; answering to duty in intelligent beings. We enjoy health when the several organs of the body perform their respective offices.", "In this experiment, the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms.", "5. Business; particular employment.", "Hesperus, whose office is to bring twilight upon the earth.", "6. Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered; usually in a good sense; as kind offices; offices of pity; pious offices.", "7. Act of worship.", "8. Formulary of devotion.", "The Lord's prayer, the ten commandments and the creed, is a very good office for children if they are not fitted for more regular offices.", "9. A house or apartment in which public officers and others transact business; as the register's office; a lawyer's office.", "10. In architecture, an apartment appropriated for the necessary business or occasions of a palace or nobleman's house. The word is used also for a building pertaining to a farm.", "11. In the canon law, a benefice which has no jurisdiction annexed to it.", "12. The person or persons entrusted with particular duties of a public nature.", "- This office of quarter-master-general not to have the disposal of public money, except small occasional sums.", "OF'FICE, v.t. To perform; to do; to discharge. Not used."], "officer": ["OF'FICER, n. A person commissioned or authorized to perform any public duty. Officers are civil, military or ecclesiastical. There are great officers of state, and subordinate officers. Military and naval officers of the same grade usually take rank according to the dates of their commissions. Non-commissioned officers are nominated by their captains, and appointed by the commanding officers of regiments.", "OF'FICER, v.t. To furnish with officers; to appoint officers over.", "Count Pulaski raised a legionary corps, which he officered principally with foreigners."], "officered": ["OF'FICERED, pp. Furnished with officers."], "offscouring": ["OFF'SCOURING, n. off and scour. That which is scoured off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile or despised. Lam. 3. 1Cor. 4."], "offspring": ["OFF'SPRING, n. off and spring.", "1. A child or children; a descendant or descendants, however remote from the stock. Act. 17. Rev. 22.", "2. Propagation; generation.", "3. Production of any kind."], "oft": ["OFT, adv. Often; frequently; not rarely. It was formerly used in prose and may be so used still; but is more generally used in poetry.", "Oft she rejects, but never one offends."], "often": ["OFTEN, adv. of'n. comp. oftener; superl. oftenset. Frequently; many times; not seldom.", "OFTEN, a. of'n. Frequent. Improper."], "oftenness": ["OFTENNESS, n. of'nness. Frequency. Not used."], "oftentimes": ["OFTENTIMES, adv. of'ntimes. often and times. Frequently; often; many times."], "ofttimes": ["OFT'TIMES, adv. oft and times. Frequently; often."], "og": ["OG. See Ogee."], "oh": ["OH, exclam. Denoting surprise, pain, sorrow or anxiety."], "oil": ["OIL, n. It seems to be named from its inflammability, for aelan, is to kindle, and to oil; hence anaelan, to anneal; aeled, fire. L. oleum; Gr.", "An unctuous substance expressed or drawn from several animal and vegetable substances. The distinctive characters of oil are inflammability, fluidity, and insolubility in water. Oils are fixed or fat, and volatile or essential. They have a smooth feel, and most of them have little taste or smell. Animal oil is found in all animal substances. Vegetable oils are produced by expression, infusion or distillation.", "OIL, v.t. To smear or rub over with oil; to lubricate with oil; to anoint with oil."], "oiled": ["OIL'ED, pp. Smeared or anointed with oil."], "oiling": ["OIL'ING, ppr. Smearing or anointing with oil."], "ointment": ["OINT'MENT, n. Unguent; any soft, unctuous substance or compound, used for smearing, particularly the body or a diseased part."], "old": ["OLD, a.", "1. Advanced far in years or life; having lived beyond the middle period, or rather towards the end of life, or towards the end of the ordinary term of living; applied to animals or plants; as an old man; an old age; an old camel or horse; an old tree. This adjective is placed after the noun that designates the time lived.", "Abraham was seventy five years old when he departed from Haran. Gen. 12.", "2. Having been long made or used; decayed by time; as an old garment; an old house.", "3. Being of long continuance; begun long ago; as an old acquaintance.", "4. Having been long made; not new or fresh; as old wine.", "5. Being of a former year's growth; not of the last crop; as old wheat; old hay.", "6. Ancient; that existed in former ages; as the old inhabitants of Britain; the old Romans.", "7. Of any duration whatever; as a year old; seven years old. How old art thou?", "8. subsisting before something else. He built a new house on the site of the old one. The old law is repealed by the new.", "9. Long practiced. he is grown old in vice. He is an old offender.", "10. That has been long cultivated; as old land; an old farm; opposed to new land, land lately cleared and cultivated.", "11. More than enough; great.", "If a man were porter of hellgate, he should have old turning the key.", "12. In vulgar language, crafty; cunning.", "Of old, long ago; from ancient times; as in days of old.", "We apply old chiefly to things subject to decay. We never say, the old sun, or an old mountain."], "oldness": ["OLDNESS, n.", "1. Old age; an advanced state of life or existence; as the oldness of a man, of an elephant or a tree.", "2. The state of being old, or of a long continuance; as the oldness of a building or a garment.", "3. Antiquity; as the oldness of monuments."], "olive": ["OL'IVE, n. L. oliva, from olea, an olive tree; Gr. See Oil", "A plant or tree of the genus Olea. The common olive tree grows in warm climates and rises to the height of twenty or thirty feet, having an upright stem with numerous branches. This tree is much cultivated in the south of Europe for its fruit, from which is expressed the olive oil, and which is used also for pickles."], "olived": ["OL'IVED, a. Decorated with olive trees."], "omega": ["OME'GA, n. Gr. great O. The name of the last letter of the Greek alphabet, as Alpha, A, is the first. Hence in Scripture, Alpha and Omega denotes the first and last, the beginning and the ending. Rev."], "omit": ["OMIT', v.t. L. omitto; ob and mitto, to send.", "1. To leave, pass by or neglect; to fail or forbear to do or to use; as, to omit an opportunity of writing a letter. To omit known duty is criminal.", "2. To leave out; not to insert or mention; as, to omit an important word in a deed; to omit invidious comparisons; to omit a passage in reading or transcribing."], "omitted": ["OMIT'TED, pp. Neglected; passed by; left out."], "omitting": ["OMIT'TING, ppr. Neglecting or failing to do or use; passing by; leaving out."], "omnipotence": ["OMNIP'OTENCE,'OTENCY, n. L. omnipotens; omnis, all, and potens, powerful.", "1. Almighty power; unlimited or infinite power; a word in strictness applicable only to God. Hence it is sometimes used for God. The works of creation demonstrate the omnipotence of God.", "Will Omnipotence neglect to save the suffering virtue of the wise and brave?", "2. Unlimited power over particular things; as the omnipotence of love."], "omnipotent": ["OMNIP'OTENT, a. supra.", "1. Almighty; possessing unlimited power; all powerful. The being that can create worlds must be omnipotent.", "2. Having unlimited power of a particular kind; as omnipotent love."], "omnipotently": ["OMNIP'OTENTLY, adv. With almighty power."], "on": ["ON, pre. L. in; Gr. Hence they denote nearness, closeness or contiguity, and from meeting the Latin in and the English un have their power of negation or opposing.", "1. Being in contact with the surface or upper part of a thing and supported by it; placed or lying in contact with the surface; as, my book is on the table; the table stands on the floor; the house rests on its foundation; we lie on a bed, or stand on the earth.", "2. Coming or falling to the surface of any thing; as, rain falls on the earth.", "Whosoever shall fall on this stone, shall be broken.", "Matt. 21.", "3. Performing or acting by contact with the surface, upper part or outside of anything; as, to play on a harp, a violin, or a drum.", "4. Noting addition; as heaps on heaps; mischief on mischief; loss on loss.", "5. At or near. When we say, a vessel is on shore, we mean that she is aground; but when we say, a fleet on a ship is on the American coast, or an isle is situated on the coast of England, we mean only that it is near the coast. So we say, on each side stands an armed man, that is, at or near each side.", "So we say, Philadelphia is situated on the Delaware; Middlebury is on the Otter Creek; Guilford stands on the Sound; that is, near the river or Sound, instead of on the bank, side or shore.", "6. It denotes resting for support; as, to depend on, to rely on; hence, the ground of any thing; as, he will covenant on certain considerations or conditions; the considerations being the support of the covenant.", "7. At or in the time of; as, on the sabbath we abstain from labor. We usually say, at the hour, on or in the day, in or on the week, month or year.", "8. At the time of, with some reference to cause or motive. On public occasions, the officers appear in full dress or uniform.", "9. It is put before the object of some passion, with the sense of towards or for. Have pity or compassion on him.", "10. At the peril of, or for the safety of. Hence, on thy life.", "11. Denoting a pledge or engagement, or put before the thing pledged. He affirmed or promised on his word, or on his honor.", "12. Noting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling or resting on. On us be all the blame.", "His blood be on us, and on our children. Matt. 27.", "13. In consequence of, or immediately after. On the ratification of the treaty, the armies were disbanded.", "14. Noting part, distinction or opposition; as on one side and on the other. On our part, expect punctuality.", "On the way, on the road, denote proceeding, traveling, journeying, or making progress.", "On the alert, in a state of vigilance or activity.", "On high, in an elevated place; sublimely.", "On fire, in a state of burning or inflammation, and metaphorically, in a rage or passion.", "On a sudden, suddenly.", "On the wing, in flight; flying; metaphorically, departing.", "On it, on't, is used for of it. I heard nothing on't. the gamester has a poor trade on't. This use is now vulgar.", "Upon is used in the same sense with on, often with elegance, and frequently without necessity or advantage.", "ON, adv.", "1. Forward, in progression; as, move on; go on.", "2. Forward, in succession. From father to son, from the son to the grandson, and so on.", "3. In continuance; without interruption or ceasing; as, sleep on, take your ease; say on; sing on; write on.", "4. Adhering; not off; as in the phrase, \"he is neither on nor off,\" that is, he is not steady; he is irresolute.", "5. Attached to the body; as, his clothes are not on.", "To put on, to attach to the body, as clothes or arms.", "On, when it expresses contact with the surface of a thing, is opposed to under, off, or within, and when it expresses contact with the side of a thing, is opposed to off.", "On is sometimes used as an exclamation, or rather as a command to move or proceed, some verb being understood; as, cheerily on, courageous friends; that is, go on, move on."], "one": ["ONE, a. wun. L. unus; Gr.", "1. Single in number; individual; as one man; one book. There is one sun only in our system of planets.", "2. Indefinitely, some or any. You will one day repent of your folly. But in this phrase, one day is equivalent to some future time.", "3. It follows any.", "When any one heareth the word of the kingdom. Matt. 13.", "4. Different; diverse; opposed to another. It is one thing to promise, and another to fulfill.", "5. It is used with another, to denote mutuality or reciprocation. Be kind and assist one another.", "6. It is used with another, to denote average or mean proportion. The coins one with another, weigh seven penny weight each.", "7. One of two; opposed to other.", "Ask from one side of heaven to the other. Deut. 4.", "8. Single by union; undivided; the same.", "The church is therefore one, though the members may be many.", "9. Single in kind; the same.", "One plague was on you all and on your lords. 1Sam. 4.", "1. One day, on a certain or particular day, referring to time past.", "One day when Phoebe fair with all her band was following the chase.", "2. Referring to future time; at a future time, indefinitely. See One, No. 2.", "At one, in union; in agreement or concord.", "The king resolved to keep Ferdinand and Philip at one with themselves.", "In one, in union; in one united body.", "One, like many other adjectives is used without a noun, and is to be considered as a substitute for some noun understood. Let the men depart one by one; count them one by one; every one has his peculiar habits; we learn of one another, that is, we learn, one of us learns of another.", "In this use, as a substitute, one may be plural; as the great ones of the earth; they came with their little ones.", "It also denotes union, a united body.", "Ye are all one in Christ Jesus. Gal 3.", "One o'clock, one hour of the clock that is, as signified or represented by the clock.", "One is used indefinitely for any person; as, one sees; one knows; after the French manner, on voit. Our ancestors used man in this manner; man sees; man knows; \"man brohte,\" man brought, that is, they brought.", "This word we have received from the Latin through the Italian and French. The same word from our Saxon ancestors we write an."], "oneness": ["ONENESS, n. wun'ness. from one. Singleness in number; individuality; unity; the quality of being one.", "Our God is one, or rather very oneness."], "onanism": ["O'NANISM, n. from Onan, in Scripture. The crime of self-pollution."], "once": ["ONCE, adv. wuns. from one.", "1. One time.", "Trees that bear mast are fruitful but once in two years.", "2. One time, though no more. The mind once tainted with vice is prone to grow worse and worse.", "3. At one former time; formerly.", "My soul had once some foolish fondness for thee, but hence 'tis gone.", "4. At the same point of time; not gradually.", "At once the winds arise, the thunders roll.", "At once, at the same time; as, they all moved at once; hence, when it refers to two or more, the sense is together, as one.", "This hath all its force at once, on the first impression.", "Once is used as a noun, when preceded by this or that; as this once, that once.", "ONCE, n. ons. A quadruped of the genus Felis, less than the panther, of a whitish gray color. It is found in Africa and Asia, is easily tamed and is employed like a dog in hunting."], "onion": ["ONION, n. un'yun.", "A plant of the genus Allium; and particularly, its bulbous root, much used as an article of food."], "only": ["ONLY, a.", "1. Single; one along; as, John was the only man present.", "2. This and no other. This is an only child.", "3. This above all others. He is the only man for music."], "onward": ["ON'WARD, adv. L. versus.", "1. Toward the point before or in front; forward; progressively; in advance; as, to move onward.", "Not one looks backward, onward still he goes.", "2. In a state of advanced progression.", "3. A little further or forward.", "ON'WARD, a.", "1. Advanced or advancing; as an onward course.", "2. Increased; improved.", "3. Conducting; leading forward to perfection."], "onycha": ["ON'YCHA, n. from Gr. Supposed to be the odoriferous shell of the onyxfish, or the onyx. Ex. 30."], "onyx": ["ON'YX, n. Gr. a nail. L. onyx. A semi-pellucid gem with variously colored zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony."], "open": ["OPEN, a o'pn.", "1. Unclosed; not shut; as, the gate is open; an open door or window; an open book; open eyes.", "2. Spread; expanded. He received his son with open arms.", "3. Unsealed; as an open letter.", "4. Not shut or fast; as an open hand.", "5. Not covered; as the open air; an open vessel.", "6. Not covered with trees; clear; as an open country or field.", "7. Not stopped; as an open bottle.", "8. Not fenced or obstructed; as an open road.", "9. Not frosty; warmer than usual; not freezing severely; as an open winter.", "An open and warm winter portendeth a hot and dry summer.", "Johnson interprets open, in this passage, by not cloudy, not gloomy. I think the definition wrong. In America, an open winter is one in which the earth is not bound with frost and covered with snow.", "10. Public; before a court and its suitors. His testimony was given in open court.", "11. Admitting all persons without restraint; free to all comers. He keeps open house at the election.", "12. Clear of ice; as, the river or the harbor is open.", "13. Plain; apparent; evident; public; not secret or concealed; as an open declaration; open avowal; open shame; open defiance. The nations contend to open war or in open arms.", "14. Not wearing disguise; frank; sincere; unreserved; candid; artless.", "He was held a man open and of good faith.", "His generous, open undesigning heart.", "15. Not clouded; not contracted or frowning; having an air of frankness and sincerity; as an open look.", "With aspect open shall erect his head.", "16. Not hidden; exposed to view.", "We are to exercise our thoughts and lay open the treasures of divine truth.", "17. Ready to hear or receive what is offered.", "His ears are open to their cry. Ps. 34.", "18. Free to be employed for redress; not restrained or denied; not precluding any person.", "The law is open. Acts 19.", "19. Exposed; not protected; without defense. The country is open to the invaders.", "- Hath left me open to all injuries.", "20. Attentive; employed in inspection.", "Thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men - Jer. 32.", "21. Clear; unobstructed; as an open view.", "22. Unsettled; not balanced or closed; as an open account.", "Open accounts between merchants.", "23. Not closed; free to be debated; as a question open for discussion.", "24. In music, an open note is that which a string is tuned to produce.", "OPEN, v.t. o'pn.", "1. To unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or cover and set open; as, to open a door or gate; to open a desk.", "2. To break the seal of a letter and unfold it.", "3. To separate parts that are close; as, to open the lips; to open the mouth or eyes or eyelids; to open a book.", "4. To remove a covering from; as, to open a pit.", "5. To cut through; to perforate; to lance; as, to open the skin; to open an abscess.", "6. To break; to divide; to split or rend; as, the earth was opened in many places by an earthquake; a rock is opened by blasting.", "7. To clear; to make by removing obstructions; as, to open a road; to open a passage; the heat of spring opens rivers bound with ice.", "8. To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand.", "9. To unstop; as, to open a bottle.", "10. To begin; to make the first exhibition. The attorney general opens the cause on the part of the king or the state. Homer opens his poem with the utmost simplicity and modesty.", "11. To show; to bring to view or knowledge.", "The English did adventure far to open the north parts of America.", "12. To interpret; to explain.", "- While he opened to us the Scriptures. Luke. 24.", "13. To reveal; to disclose. He opened his mind very freely.", "14. To make liberal; as, to open the heart.", "15. To make the first discharge of artillery; as, to open a heavy fire on the enemy.", "16. To enter on or begin; as to open a negotiation or correspondence; to open a trade with the Indies.", "17. To begin to see by the removal of something intercepted the view; as, we sailed round the point and opened the harbor.", "OPEN, v.i. o'pn.", "1. To unclose itself; to be unclosed; to be parted.", "The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram. Ps. 106.", "2. To begin to appear. As we sailed round the point, the harbor opened to our view.", "3. To commence; to begin. sales of stock open at par.", "4. To bark; a term in hunting."], "opened": ["OPENED, pp. o'pned. Unclosed; unbarred; unsealed; uncovered; revealed; disclosed; made plain; freed from obstruction."], "opener": ["OPENER, n. o'pner.", "1. One that opens or removed any fastening or covering.", "2. One that explains; an interpreter.", "3. That which separates; that which rends.", "4. An aperient in medicine."], "opening": ["OPENING, ppr. o'pning. Unclosing; unsealing; uncovering; revealing; interpreting.", "OPENING, n. o'pning.", "1. A breach; an aperture; a hole or perforation.", "2. A place admitting entrance; as a bay or creek.", "3. Dawn; first appearance or visibleness; beginning of exhibition or discovery.", "The opening of your glory was like that of light."], "openness": ["OPENNESS, n. o'pnness.", "1. Freedom from covering or obstruction; as the openness of a country.", "2. Plainness; clearness; freedom from obscurity or ambiguity; as, deliver your answers with more openness.", "3. Freedom from disguise; unreservedness; plainness.", "4. Expression of frankness or candor; as openness of countenance.", "5. Unusual mildness; freedom from snow and frost; as the openness of a winter."], "openly": ["OPENLY, adv. o'pnly.", "1. Publicly; not in private; without secrecy; as, to avow our sins and follies openly.", "How grossly and openly do many of us contradict the precepts of the gospel by our ungodliness and worldly lusts!", "2. Plainly; evidently; without reserve or disguise."], "operable": ["OP'ERABLE, a. Practicable. Not used."], "operant": ["OP'ERANT, a. See Operate. Having power to produce an effect. Not used. We now use operative."], "operate": ["OP'ERATE, v.i. L. operor; Heb. signifies to be strong, to prevail.", "1. To act; to exert power or strength, physical or mechanical. External bodies operate on animals by means of perception. Sound operates upon the auditory nerves through the medium of air. Medicines operate on the body by increasing or diminishing organic action.", "2. To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert moral power or influence. Motives operate on the mind in determining the judgment. Examples operate in producing imitation.", "The virtues of private persons operate but on a few -", "A plain convincing reason operates on the mind both of a learned and an ignorant hearer as long as he lives.", "3. In surgery, to perform some manual act in a methodical manner upon a human body, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health; as in amputation, lithotomy and the like.", "4. To act; to have agency; to produce any effect.", "OP'ERATE, v.t. To effect; to produce by agency.", "The same cause would operate a diminution of the value of stock -", "This use is not frequent, and can hardly be said to be well authorized."], "operating": ["OP'ERATING, ppr. Acting; exerting agency or power; performing some manual act in surgery."], "operation": ["OPERA'TION, n. L. operatio.", "1. The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical or moral.", "Speculative painting without the assistance of manual operation, can never attain to perfection.", "The pain and sickness caused by manna are the effects of its operation on the stomach.", "So we speak of the operation of motives, reasons or arguments on the mind, the operation of causes, &c.", "2. Action; effect.", "Many medicinal drugs of rare operation.", "3. Process; manipulation; series of acts in experiments; as in chimistry or metallurgy.", "4. In surgery, any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with instruments, on the human body, with a view to heal a part diseased, fractured or dislocated, as in amputation, &c.", "5. Action or movements of an army or fleet; as military or naval operations.", "6. Movements of machinery.", "7. Movements of any physical body."], "operative": ["OP'ERATIVE, a.", "1. Having the power of acting; exerting force, physical or moral; having or exerting agency; active in the production of effects.", "In actions of religion we should be zealous, active and operative, so far as prudence will permit.", "It holds in all operative principles, especially in morality.", "2. Efficacious; producing the effect."], "operator": ["OP'ERATOR, n.", "1. He or that which operates; he or that which produces an effect.", "2. In surgery, the person who performs some act upon the human body by means of the hand, or with instruments; as a skillful operator."], "opinion": ["OPINION, n. opin'yon. L. opinio, from opinor, to thing, Gr., L. suppono.", "1. The judgment which the mind forms of any proposition, statement, theory or event, the truth or falsehood of which is supported by a degree of evidence that renders it probably, but does not produce absolute knowledge or certainty. It has been a received opinion that all matter is comprised in four elements. This opinion is proved by many discoveries to be false. From circumstances we form opinions respecting future events.", "Opinion is when the assent of the understanding is so far gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to one persuasion than to another, yet not without a mixture of uncertainty or doubting.", "2. The judgment or sentiments which the mind forms of persons or their qualities. We speak of a good opinion, a favorable opinion, a bad opinion, a private opinion, and public or general opinion, &c.", "Friendship gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the good opinion of his friend.", "3. Settled judgment or persuasion; as religious opinions; political opinion.", "4. Favorable judgment; estimation.", "In actions of arms, small matters are of great moment, especially when they serve to raise an opinion of commanders.", "However, I have no opinion of these things -"], "opinionated": ["OPIN'IONATED, a. Stiff in opinion; firmly or unduly adhering to one's own opinion; obstinate in opinion."], "opinionately": ["OPIN'IONATELY, adv. Obstinately; conceitedly."], "opinionative": ["OPIN'IONATIVE, a. Fond of preconceived notions; unduly attached to one's own opinions."], "opinionatively": ["OPIN'IONATIVELY, adv. With undue fondness for one's own opinions; stubbornly."], "opinionativeness": ["OPIN'IONATIVENESS, n. Excessive attachment to one's own opinions; obstinacy in opinion."], "opinioned": ["OPIN'IONED, a. Attached to particular opinions; conceited."], "opportune": ["OPPORTU'NE, a. L. opportunus; ob and porto, to bear or bring; probably from the root of fero or porto, to bear. The sense of the verb opporto, would be to bring to or upon. See Impart, Importune. In this and all words of like signification, the primary sense is to fall, come or bring to. See Luck, Fortune, Season.", "Properly, having come or being present at a proper time; hence, seasonable; timely; well timed. It agrees with seasonable rather than with convenient, though the sense of the latter may be included in it.", "Perhaps in view of those bright confines, whence with neighboring arms, and opportune excursion, we may chance re-enter heaven."], "opportunely": ["OPPORTU'NELY, adv. Seasonably; at a time favorable for the purpose. It has been applied to place, as well as to time, but its proper application is to time, and hence it accords with seasonably, rather than with conveniently."], "opportunity": ["OPPORTU'NITY, n. L. opportunitas.", "1. Fit or convenient time; a time favorable for the purpose; suitable time combined with other favorable circumstances. Suitableness of time is the predominant signification, but it includes generally circumstances of place and other conveniences adapted to the end desired.", "A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.", "I had an opportunity to see the cloud descent.", "Neglect no opportunity of doing good.", "2. Convenient means. I had an opportunity of sending the letter, or no opportunity to send it. Opportunities rarely occur on frequently offer."], "opposal": ["OPPO'SAL, n. s as z. Opposition. Not used."], "oppose": ["OPPO'SE, v.t. s as z. L. oppono, opposui. The change of n into s is unusual. Two different verbs may be used, as in L. fero, tuli. See Pose.", "1. To set; against; to put in opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail, and thus to hinder defeat, destroy or prevent effect; as, to oppose one argument to another.", "I may without presumption oppose my single opinion to his.", "2. To act against; to resist, either by physical means, by arguments or other means. The army opposed the progress of the enemy, but without success. Several members of the house strenuously opposed the bill, but it passed.", "3. To check; to resist effectually. The army was not able to oppose the progress of the enemy.", "4. To place in front; to set opposite.", "5. To act against, as a competitor."], "opposed": ["OPPO'SED, pp. s as z.", "1. To act adversely; with against; as, a servant opposed against the act. Not used.", "2. To object or act against in controversy.", "OPPO'SED, pp.", "1. Set in opposition; resisted.", "2. a. Being in opposition in principle or in act; adverse.", "Certain characters were formerly opposed to it."], "opposer": ["OPPO'SER, n.", "1. One that opposes; an opponent in party, in principle, in controversy or argument. We speak of the opposers of public measures; the opposers of ecclesiastical discipline; an opposer of christianity or of orthodoxy.", "2. One who acts in opposition; one who resists; as an opposer of law or of the execution of law.", "3. An antagonist; an adversary; an enemy; a rival."], "opposite": ["OP'POSITE, a. L. oppositus.", "1. Standing or situated in front; facing; as an edifice opposite to the Exchange. Brooklyn lies opposite to New York, or on the opposite side of the river.", "2. Adverse; repugnant.", "- Novels, by which the reader is misled into another sort of pleasure opposite to that designed in an epic poem.", "3. Contrary; as words of opposite significations; opposite terms. The medicine had an effect opposite to what was expected.", "4. In botany, growing in pairs, each pair decussated or crossing that above and below it; as opposite leaves or branches.", "OP'POSITE, n.", "1. An opponent; an adversary; an enemy; an antagonist.", "2. That which is opposed or contrary."], "oppositely": ["OP'POSITELY, adv.", "1. In front; in a situation to face each other.", "2. Adversely; against each other.", "Winds from all quarters oppositely blow."], "oppositeness": ["OP'POSITENESS, n. The state of being opposite or contrary."], "opposition": ["OPPOSI'TION, n. L. oppositio.", "1. Situation so as to front something else; a standing over against; as the opposition of two mountains or buildings.", "2. The act of opposing; attempt to check, restrain or defeat. he makes opposition to the measure; the bill passed without opposition. Will any opposition be made to the suit, to the claim or demand?", "3. Obstacle. the river meets with no opposition in its course to the ocean.", "4. Resistance; as the opposition of enemies. Virtue will break through all opposition.", "5. Contrariety; repugnance in principle; as the opposition of the heart to the laws of God.", "6. Contrariety of interests, measures on designs. The two parties are in opposition to each other.", "7. Contrariety or diversity of meaning; as one term used in opposition to another.", "8. Contradiction; inconsistency.", "9. The collective body of opposers; in England, the party in Parliament which opposed the ministry; in America, the party that opposed the existing administration.", "10. In astronomy, the situation of two heavenly bodies, when distant from each other 180 degrees."], "oppositive": ["OPPOS'ITIVE, a. that may be put in opposition."], "oppress": ["OPPRESS', v.t. L. appressus, from opprimo; ob and premo, to press.", "1. To load or burden with unreasonable impositions; to treat with unjust severity, rigor or hardship; as, to oppress a nation with taxes or contributions; to oppress one by compelling him to perform unreasonable service.", "2. To overpower; to overburden; as, to be oppressed with grief.", "3. to sit or lie heavy on; as, excess of good oppresses the stomach."], "oppressed": ["OPPRESS'ED, pp. burdened with unreasonable impositions; overpowered; overburdened; depressed."], "oppressing": ["OPPRESS'ING, ppr. Overburdening."], "oppression": ["OPPRES'SION, n.", "1. The act of oppressing; the imposition of unreasonable burdens, either in taxes or services; cruelty; severity.", "2. The state of being oppressed or overburdened; misery.", "the Lord - saw the oppression of Israel. 2Kings. 8.", "3. Hardship; calamity.", "4. Depression; dullness of spirits; lassitude of body.", "5. A sense of heaviness or weight in the breast, &c."], "oppressive": ["OPPRESS'IVE, a.", "1. Unreasonably burdensome; unjustly severe; as oppressive taxes; oppressive exactions of service.", "2. Tyrannical; as an oppressive government.", "3. Heavy; overpowering; overwhelming; as oppressive grief or woe."], "oppressively": ["OPPRESS'IVELY, adv. In a manner to oppress; with unreasonable severity."], "oppressiveness": ["OPPRESS'IVENESS, n. The quality of being oppressive."], "oppressor": ["OPPRESS'OR, n. One that oppresses; one that imposes unjust burdens on others; one that harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity.", "Power when employed to relieve the oppressed and to punish the oppressor, becomes a great blessing."], "or": ["OR, a termination of Latin nouns, is a contraction of vir, a man, or from the same radix. The same word vir, is in our mother tongue, wer, and from this we have the English termination er.", "It denotes an agent, as in actor, creditor. We annex it to many words of English origin, as in lessor, as we do er to words of Latin and Greek origin, as in astronomer, laborer. In general, or is annexed to words of Latin, and er to those of English origin.", "OR, conj. It seems that or is a mere contraction of other.", "A connective that marks an alternative. \"You may read or may write;\" that is, you may do one of the things at your pleasure, but not both. It corresponds to either. You may either ride to London, or to Windsor. It often connects a series of words or propositions, presenting a choice of either. He may study law or medicine or divinity, or he may enter into trade.", "Or sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case it expresses an alternative with the foregoing sentence. Matt. 7 and 9.", "In poetry, or is sometimes used for either.", "For thy vast bounties are so numberless, that them or to conceal or else to tell is equally impossible.", "Or is often used to express an alternative of terms, definitions or explanations of the same thing in different words. Thus we say, a thing is a square, or a figure under four equal sides and angles.", "Or ever. In this phrase, or is supposed to be a corruption of ere.", "OR, in heraldry, gold. L. aurum."], "ore": ["ORE, n. L. as, aris, brass.", "1. The compound of a metal and some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur or carbon, called its mineralizer, by which its properties are disguised or lost. Metals found free from such combination and exhibiting naturally their appropriate character, are not called ores, but native metals.", "2. Metal; as the liquid ore."], "oracle": ["OR'ACLE, n. L. oraculum, from oro, to utter.", "1. Among pagans, the answer of a god or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry made respecting some affair of importance, usually respecting some future event, as the success of an enterprise or battle.", "2. The deity who gave or was supposed to give answers to inquiries; as the Delphic oracle.", "3. The place where the answers were given.", "4. Among christians, oracles, in the plural, denotes the communications, revelations or messages delivered by God to prophets. In this sense it is rarely used in the singular; but we say, the oracles of God, divine oracles, meaning the Scriptures.", "5. The sanctuary or most holy place in the temple, in which was deposited the ark of the covenant. 1Kings 6.", "6. Any person or place where certain decisions are obtained.", "7. Any person reputed uncommonly wise, whose determinations are not disputed, or whose opinions are of great authority.", "8. A wise sentence or decision of great authority.", "OR'ACLE, v.i. To utter oracles."], "oration": ["ORA'TION, n. L. oratio, from oro, to pray, to utter.", "1. A speech or discourse composed according to the rules of oratory, and spoken in public. Orations may be reduced to three kinds; demonstrative, deliberative, and judicial.", "2. In modern usage, an oration differs from a sermon, from an argument at the bar, and from a speech before a deliberative assembly. The word is now applied chiefly to discourses pronounced on special occasions, as a funeral oration, an oration on some anniversary, &c. and to academic declamations.", "3. A harangue; a public speech or address."], "orator": ["OR'ATOR, n. L.", "1. A public speaker. In ancient Rome, orators were advocates for clients in the forum and before the senate and people. They were employed in causes of importance instead of the common patron.", "2. In modern usage, a person who pronounces a discourse publicly on some special occasion, as on the celebration of some memorable event.", "3. An eloquent public speaker; a speaker, by way of eminence. We say, a man writes and reasons well, but is no orator. Lord Chatham was an orator.", "4. In France, a speaker in debate in a legislative body.", "5. In chancery, a petitioner.", "6. An officer in the universities in England."], "orchard": ["OR'CHARD, n. See Yard.", "An inclosure for fruit trees. In Great Britain, a department of the garden appropriated to fruit trees of all kinds, but chiefly to apple trees. In America, any piece of land set with apple trees, is called an orchard; and orchards are usually cultivated land, being either grounds for mowing or tillage. In some parts of the country, a piece of ground planted with peach trees is called a peach orchard. But in most cases, I believe the orchard in both countries is distinct from the garden."], "orcharding": ["OR'CHARDING, n.", "1. The cultivation of orchards.", "2. Orchards in general."], "ordain": ["ORDA'IN, v.t. L. ordino, from ordo, order.", "1. Properly, to set; to establish in a particular office or order; hence, to invest with a ministerial function or sacerdotal power; to introduce and establish or settle in the pastoral office with the customary forms and solemnities; as, to ordain a minister of the gospel. In America, men are ordained over a particular church and congregation, or as evangelists without the charge of a particular church, or as deacons in the episcopal church.", "2. To appoint; to decree.", "Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month. 1Kings 12.", "As many as were ordained to eternal life, believed.", "Acts 13.", "3. To set; to establish; to institute; to constitute.", "Mulmutius ordained our laws.", "4. To set apart for an office; to appoint.", "Jesus ordained twelve that they should be with him. Mark 3.", "5. To appoint; to prepare.", "For Tophet is ordained of old. Is. 30."], "ordained": ["ORDA'INED, pp. Appointed; instituted; established; invested with ministerial or pastoral functions; settled."], "ordainer": ["ORDA'INER, n. One who ordains, appoints or invests with sacerdotal powers."], "ordaining": ["ORDA'INING, ppr. Appointing; establishing; investing with sacerdotal or pastoral functions."], "order": ["OR'DER, n. L. ordo.", "1. Regular disposition or methodical arrangement of things; a word of extensive application; as the order of troops or parade; the order of books in a library; the order of proceedings in a legislative assembly. Order is the life of business.", "Good order is the foundation of all good things.", "2. Proper state; as the muskets are all in good order. When the bodily organs are in order, a person is in health; when they are out of order, he is indisposed.", "3. Adherence to the point in discussion, according to established rules of debate; as, the member is not in order, that is, he wanders from the question.", "4. Established mode of proceeding. The motion is not in order.", "5. Regularity; settled mode of operation.", "This fact could not occur in the order of nature; it is against the natural order of things.", "6. Mandate; precept; command; authoritative direction. I have received an order from the commander in chief. The general gave orders to march. There is an order of council to issue letters of marque.", "7. Rule; regulation; as the rules and orders of a legislative house.", "8. Regular government or discipline. It is necessary for society that good order should be observed. The meeting was turbulent; it was impossible to keep order.", "9. Rank; class; division of men; as the order of nobles; the order of priests; the higher orders of society; men of the lowest order; order of knights; military orders, &c.", "10. A religious fraternity; as the order of Benedictines.", "11. A division of natural objects, generally intermediate between class and genus. The classes, in the Linnean artificial system, are divided into orders, which include one or more genera. Linne also arranged vegetables, in his natural system, into groups of genera, called order. In the natural system of Jussieu, orders are subdivisions of classes.", "12. Measures; care. Take some order for the safety and support of the soldiers.", "Provide me soldiers whilst I take order for my own affairs.", "13. In rhetoric, the placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty of expression, or to the clear illustration of the subject.", "14. The title of certain ancient books containing the divine office and manner of its performance.", "15. In architecture, a system of several members, ornaments and proportions of columns and pilasters; or a regular arrangement of the projecting parts of a building, especially of the columns, so as to form one beautiful whole. The orders are five, the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. The order consists of two principal members, the column, and the entablature, each of which is composed of three principal parts. Those of the column are the base, the shaft, and the capital; those of the entablature are the architrave, the frize, and the cornice. The height of the Tuscan column is 14 modules or semidiameters of the shaft at the bottom, and that os the entablature 3 1/2. The height of the Doric order is 16 modules and that of the entablature 4; that of the Ionic is 18 modules, and that of the entablature 4 1/2, that of the Corinthian order is 20 modules, and that of the entablature 5. The height of the Composite order agrees with that of the Corinthian.", "In orders, set apart for the performance divine service; ordained to the work of the gospel ministry.", "In order, for the purpose; to the end; as means to an end. The best knowledge is that which is of the greatest use in order to our eternal happiness.", "General orders, the commands or notices which a military commander in chief issues to the troops under his command.", "OR'DER, v.t.", "1. To regulate; to methodize; to systemize; to adjust; to subject to system in management and execution; as, to order domestic affairs with prudence.", "2. To lead; to conduct; to subject to rules or laws.", "To him that ordereth his conversation aright, will I show the salvation of God. Ps. 50.", "3. to direct; to command. the general ordered his troops to advance.", "4. To manage; to treat.", "How shall we order the child? Judges 13.", "5. To ordain. Not used.", "6. To direct; to dispose in any particular manner.", "Order my steps in thy word. Ps. 119.", "OR'DER, v.i. to give command or direction."], "ordered": ["OR'DERED, pp. Regulated; methodized; disposed; commanded; managed."], "orderer": ["OR'DERER, n.", "1. One that gives orders.", "2. One that methodizes or regulates."], "ordering": ["OR'DERING, ppr. Regulating; systemizing; commanding; disposing.", "OR'DERING, n. Disposition; distribution. 2Chron. 24."], "orderliness": ["OR'DERLINESS, n. from orderly.", "1. Regularity; a state of being methodical.", "2. The state of being orderly."], "orderly": ["OR'DERLY, a.", "1. Methodical; regular", "2. Observant of order or method.", "3. Well regulated; performed in good order; not tumultuous; as an orderly march.", "4. According to established method.", "5. Not unruly; not inclined to break from inclosures; peaceable. We say, cattle are orderly.", "Orderly book, in military affairs, a book for every company, in which the sergeants write general and regimental orders.", "Orderly sergeant, a military officer who attends on a superior officer.", "OR'DERLY, adv. Methodically; according to due order; regularly; according to rule."], "ordinability": ["ORDINABIL'ITY, n. Capability of being appointed. Not used."], "ordinable": ["OR'DINABLE, a. Such as may be appointed. Not used."], "ordinal": ["OR'DINAL, a. L. ordinalis. Noting order; as the ordinal numbers, first, second, third, &c.", "OR'DINAL, n.", "1. A number noting order.", "2. A book containing the order of divine service; a ritual."], "ordinance": ["OR'DINANCE, n.", "1. A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action. An ordinance may be a law or statute of sovereign power. In this sense it is often used in the Scriptures. Ex. 15. Num. 10. Ezra 3. It may also signify a decree, edict or rescript, and the word has sometimes been applied to the statutes of Parliament, but these are usually called acts or laws. In the United States, it is never applied to the acts of Congress, or of a state legislature.", "2. Observance commanded.", "3. Appointment.", "4. Established rite or ceremony. Heb. 9. In this sense, baptism and the Lord's supper are denominated ordinances."], "ordinant": ["OR'DINANT, a. L. ordinans. Ordaining; decreeing. Not used."], "ordinate": ["OR'DINATE, v.t. To appoint. Not used.", "OR'DINATE, a. L. ordinatus. Regular; methodical. An ordinate figure is one whose sides and angles are equal.", "OR'DINATE, n. In geometry and conic sections, a line drawn from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis or other conic section, perpendicularly across the axis to the other side.", "An ordinate is a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of a curve and terminating the curvilinear space.", "Ordinates of a curve, right lines parallel to one another, terminated by the curve, and bisected by a right line called the diameter."], "ordinately": ["OR'DINATELY, adv. In a regular methodical manner."], "ordination": ["ORDINA'TION, n. L. ordinatio.", "1. The state of being ordained or appointed; established order or tendency consequent on a decree.", "Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively.", "2. The act of conferring holy orders or sacerdotal power; called also consecration.", "3. In the presbyterian and congregational churches, the act of settling or establishing a licensed cleryman over a church and congregation with pastoral charge and authority; also, the act of conferring on a clergyman the powers of a settled minister of the gospel, without the charge or oversight of a particular church, but with the general powers of an evangelist, who is authorized to form churches and administer the sacraments of baptism and the Lord's supper, wherever he may be called to officiate."], "ordinative": ["OR'DINATIVE, a. Directing; giving order."], "ordinary": ["OR'DINARY, a. L. ordinarius.", "1. According to established order; methodical; regular; customary; as the ordinary forms of law or justice.", "2. Common; usual.", "Method is not less requisite in ordinary conversation than in writing.", "3. Of common rank; not distinguished by superior excellence; as an ordinary reader; men of ordinary judgment.", "4. Plain; not handsome; as an ordinary woman; a person of an ordinary form; an ordinary face.", "5. Inferior; of little merit; as, the book is an ordinary performance.", "6. An ordinary seaman is one not expert or fully skilled.", "OR'DINARY, n.", "1. In the common and canon law, one who has ordinary or immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; an ecclesiastical judge. In England, the bishop of the diocese is commonly the ordinary, and the archbishop is the ordinary of the whole province. The ordinary of assizes and sessions was formerly a deputy of the bishop, appointed to give malefactors their neck-verses. The ordinary of Newgate is one who attends on condemned malefactors to prepare them for death.", "2. Settled establishment.", "3. Regular price of a meal.", "4. A place of eating where the prices are settled.", "5. The establishment of persons employed by government to take charge of ships of war laid up in harbors. Hence a ship in ordinary is one laid up under the direction of the master attendant.", "In ordinary, in actual and constant service; statedly attending and serving; as a physician or chaplain in ordinary. An embassador in ordinary, is one constantly resident at a foreign court."], "organ": ["OR'GAN, n. L. organum; Gr.", "1. A natural instrument of action or operation, or by which some process is carried on. Thus the arteries and veins of animal bodies are organs of circulation; the lungs are organs of respiration; the nerves are organs of perception and sensation; the muscles are organs of motion; the ears are organs of hearing; the tongue is the organ of speech.", "2. The instrument or means of conveyance or communication. A secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power.", "3. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments of music, consisting of pipes which are filled with wind, and stops touched by the fingers. It is blown by a bellows."], "organical": ["ORGAN'ICAL, a. l. organicus.", "1. Pertaining to an organ or to organs; consisting of organs or containing them; as the organic structure of the human body or of plants.", "2. Produced by the organs; as organic pleasure.", "3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or art to a certain end; as organic arts.", "Organic bodies, are such as possess organs, on the action of which depend their growth and perfection; as animals and plants."], "organically": ["ORGAN'ICALLY, adv.", "1. With organs; with organical structure or disposition of parts. The bodies of animals and plants are organically framed.", "2. By means of organs."], "organism": ["OR'GANISM, n. Organical structure; as the organism of bodies."], "organization": ["ORGANIZA'TION, n.", "1. The act or process of forming organs or instruments of action.", "2. The act of forming or arranging the parts of a compound or complex body in a suitable manner for use or service; the act of distributing into suitable divisions and appointing the proper officers, as an army or a government.", "The first organization of the general government.", "3. Structure; form; suitable disposition of parts which are to act together in a compound body."], "organize": ["OR'GANIZE, v.t.", "1. To form with suitable organs; to construct so that one part may cooperate with another.", "Those nobler faculties of the soul organized matter could never produce.", "2. To sing in parts; as, to organize the hallelujah.", "3. To distribute into suitable parts and appoint proper officers, that the whole may act as one body; as, to organize an army. So we say, to organize the house of representatives, which is done by the appointment of officers and verification of the powers of the several members. So we say, a club, a party or a faction is organized, when it takes a systemized form.", "This original and supreme will organizes the government."], "organized": ["OR'GANIZED, pp. Formed with organs; constructed organically; systemized; reduced to a form in which all the parts may act together to one end. Animals and plants are organized bodies. Minerals are not organized bodies."], "organizing": ["OR'GANIZING, ppr. Constructing with suitable organs; reducing to system in order to produce united action to one end."], "orion": ["ORI'ON, n. Gr. unfortunately accented by the poets on the second syllable.", "A constellation in the southern hemisphere, containing seventy eight stars."], "ornament": ["OR'NAMENT, n. L. ornamentum, from orno, to adorn. Varro informs us that this was primitively osnamentum; but this is improbable. See Adorn.", "1. That which embellishes; something which, added to another thing, renders it more beautiful to the eye.", "The chains, and the bracelets, and the mufflers, the bonnets and the ornaments of the legs - Is. 3.", "2. In architecture, ornaments are sculpture or carved work.", "3. Embellishment; decoration; additional beauty.", "- The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit which is in the sight of God of great price. 1Peter 3.", "OR'NAMENT, v.t. To adorn; to deck; to embellish."], "ornamental": ["ORNAMENT'AL, a. Serving to decorate; giving additional beauty; embellishing.", "Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others about their ankles."], "ornamentally": ["ORNAMENT'ALLY, adv. In such a manner as to add embellishment."], "ornamented": ["OR'NAMENTED, pp. Decorated; embellished; beautified."], "ornamenting": ["OR'NAMENTING, ppr. Decorating; embellishing."], "orphan": ["OR'PHAN, n. Gr.", "A child who is bereaved of father or mother or of both.", "OR'PHAN, a. Bereaved of parents."], "orphanism": ["OR'PHANISM, n. The state of an orphan."], "ospray": ["OS'PRAY, n. L. ossifraga; as, a bone, and frango, to break; the bone-breaker.", "The sea-eagle, a fowl of the genus Falco or hawk, of the size of a peacock. This is our fish hawk. It feeds on fish which it takes by suddenly darting upon them, when near the surface of the water."], "ossifrage": ["OS'SIFRAGE, n. L. ossifraga. See Ospray.", "The ospray or sea-eagle. In Leviticus 11:13, it denotes a different fowl."], "ostrich": ["OS'TRICH, n. L. struthio-camelus; Gr. a sparrow, and an ostrich. The meaning of the name is not obvious. Eng. strut, L. struthio, Gr., L. avis. The primary sense of struz, struthio, &c. is to reach, stretch, extend or erect; but whether this name was given to the fowl from its stately walk or appearance, or from some part of its plumage, let the reader judge.", "A fowl now considered as constituting a distinct genus, the Struthio. This is the largest of all fowls, being four feet high from the ground to the top of the back and seven, eight, and it is said even ten to the top of the head, when standing erect. Its thighs and the sides of the body are naked, and the wings are so short as to be unfit for flying. The plumage is elegant, and much used in ornamental and showy dress. The speed of this fowl in running exceeds that of the fleetest horse."], "other": ["OTH'ER, a. Heb.", "1. Not the same; different; not this or these.", "Then the other company which is left shall escape. Gen. 32.", "Behold, it was turned again as his other flesh. Ex. 4.", "Other lords besides thee have had dominion over us. Is. 26.", "There is one God, and there is none other but he. Mark 12.", "2. Not this, but the contrary; as, on this side of the river stands Troy, on the other side stands Albany.", "Whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. 5.", "3. Noting something besides. To the knowledge of the Latin and Greek, join as much other learning as you can.", "4. Correlative to each, and applicable to any number of individuals.", "They asked each other of their welfare. Ex. 18.", "5. Opposed to some; as,\"some fell among thorns - but other fell into good ground.\" Matt. 13.", "6. The next.", "7. The third part.", "Other is used as a substitute for a noun, and in this use has the plural number, and the sign of the possessive case.", "- The fool and the brutish person die, and leave their wealth to others. Ps. 49.", "What do ye more than others? Matt. 5.", "We were children of wrath even as others. Eph. 2.", "The confusion arises, when the one will put their sickle into the other's harvest.", "With the sign of the possessive, other is preceded by the, as in the last example.", "Other is sometimes put elliptically for other thing. From such a man, we can expect no other.", "The other day, at a certain time past, not distant but indefinite; not long ago."], "otherwise": ["OTH'ERWISE, adv. other and wise, manner.", "1. In a different manner.", "Thy father was a worthy prince, and merited, alas! a better fate; but heaven thought otherwise.", "2. By other causes.", "Sir John Norris failed in the attempt of Lisborn, and returned with the loss, by sickness and otherwise, of 8000 men.", "3. In other respects.", "It is said truly, that the best men otherwise, are not always the best in regard to society."], "ouch": ["OUCH, n.", "1. A bezil or socket in which a precious stone or seal is set. Ex. 39.", "2. The blow given by a boar's tusk."], "ought": ["OUGHT. See Aught, the true orthography."], "our": ["OUR, a.", "1. Pertaining or belonging to us; as our country; our rights; our troops.", "2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive case of our, is never used as an adjective, but as a substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it belongs. Your house is on a plain; ours is on a hill. This is good English, but certainly ours must be the nominative to is, or it has none.", "Their organs are better disposed than ours for receiving grateful impressions from sensible objects.", "Here ours stands in the place of our organs, and cannot, in conformity with any rule of construction, be in the possessive case.", "The same thing was done by them in suing in their courts, which is now done by us in suing in ours."], "ourselves": ["OURSELVES, plu. of ourself. We or us, not others; added to we, by way of emphasis or opposition.", "We ourselves might distinctly number in words a great deal farther than we usually do.", "Safe in ourselves, while on ourselves we stand."], "out": ["OUT, adv.", "1. Without; on the outside; not within; on the exterior or beyond the limits of any inclosed place or given line; opposed to in or within; as, to go out and come in; to rush out.", "2. Abroad; not at home. The master of the house is out; a colloquial phrase for gone out.", "3. In a state of disclosure or discovery. The secret is out, that is, has come out, is disclosed. We shall find out the rogue.", "4. Not concealed.", "When these are gone, the woman will be out.", "5. In a state of extinction. The candle or the fire is out.", "6. In a state of being exhausted. The wine is out.", "7. In a state of destitution. We are out of bread corn.", "8. Not in office or employment. I care not who is in or who is out. He is out of business.", "9. Abroad or from home, in a party, at church, in a parade, &c. He was not out today. The militia companies are out. The man was out in a frolic last night.", "10. To the end.", "Hear me out.", "11. Loudly; without restraint; as, to laugh out.", "12. Not in the hands of the owner. The land is out upon a lease.", "13. In an error.", "As a musician that will always play, and yet is always out at the same note.", "14. At a loss; in a puzzle.", "I have forgot my part, and I am out.", "15. Uncovered; with clothes torn; as, to be out at the knees or elbows.", "16. Away, so as to consume; as, to sleep out the best time in the morning.", "17. Deficient; having expended. He was out of pocket. He was out fifty pounds.", "18. It is used as an exclamation with the force of command, away; begone; as, out with the dog.", "Out upon you, out upon it, expressions of dislike or contempt.", "Out is much used as a modifier of verbs; as, to come out, to go out, to lead out, to run out, to leak out, to creep out, to flow out, to pass out, to look out, to burn out, to cut out, to saw out, to grow out, to spin out, to write out, to boil out, to beat out, &c. bearing the sense of issuing, extending, drawing from, separating, bringing to open view, or in short, the passing of a limit that incloses or restrains; or bearing the metaphorical sense of vanishing, coming to an end.", "Out of. In this connection, out may be considered as adverb, and of as a preposition.", "1. Proceeding from; as produce. Plants grow out of the earth. He paid me out of his own funds.", "Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life. Prov. 4.", "Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. James 3.", "2. From or proceeding from a place, or the interior of a place; as, to take any thing out of the house. Mark 13.", "3. Beyond; as out of the power of fortune.", "They were astonished out of measure. Mark 10.", "4. From, noting taking or derivation.", "To whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets. Acts 28.", "5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion.", "Be instant in season, out of season. 2Tim. 4.", "6. Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence or dereliction; as out of favor; out of use; out of place; out of fashion.", "7. Not in, noting unfitness or impropriety. He is witty out of season. The seed was sown out of season.", "8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay; as, a ship is out of time.", "9. Not within; abroad; as out of the door or house.", "10. From, noting copy from an original; as, to cite or copy out of Horace.", "11. From, noting rescue or liberation; as, to be delivered out of afflictions.", "Christianity recovered the law of nature out of all those errors.", "12. Not in, noting deviation, exorbitance or irregularity. This is out of all method; out of all rule. He goes out of his way to find cause of censure. He is out of order.", "13. From, noting dereliction or departure. He will not be flattered or frightened out of his duty. He attempted to laugh men out of virtue.", "14. From, noting loss or change of state. The mouth is out of taste; the instrument is out of tune.", "15. Not according to, noting deviation; as, he acts or speaks out of character.", "16. Beyond; not within the limits of; as, to be out of hearing, out of sight, out of reach. Time out of mind, is time beyond the reach of memory.", "17. Noting loss or exhaustion, as, to be out of breath.", "18. Noting loss; as out of hope.", "19. By means of.", "Out of that will I cause those of Cyprus to mutiny.", "20. In consequence of, noting the motive, source or reason.", "What they do not grant out of the generosity of their nature, they may grant out of mere impatience.", "So we say, a thing is done out of envy, spite or ambition.", "Out of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready in the hand.", "Gather we our forces out of hand.", "Out of print, denotes that a book is not in market, or to be purchased; the copies printed having been all sold.", "OUT, v.t To eject; to expel; to deprive by expulsion.", "The French having been outed of their holds.", "In composition, out signifies beyond, more, ejection or extension.", "For the participles of the following compounds, see the simple verbs."], "outcast": ["OUT'CAST, pp. or a. Cast out; thrown away; rejected as useless.", "OUT'CAST, n. One who is cast out or expelled; an exile; one driven from home or country. Is. 16."], "outer": ["OUT'ER, a. comp. of out. Being on the outside; external; opposed to inner; as the outer wall; the outer part of a thing; the outer court or gate."], "outgo": ["OUTGO', v.t. See Go.", "1. To go beyond; to advance before in going; to go faster.", "2. To surpass; to excel.", "3. To circumvent; to overreach."], "outgoing": ["OUTGO'ING, ppr. Going beyond."], "outlandish": ["OUTLAND'ISH, a.", "1. Foreign; not native.", "Nevertheless, even him did outlandish women cause to sin.", "Neh. 13.", "2. Born or produced in the interior country, or among rude people; hence, vulgar; rustic; rude; clownish. This is the sense in which the word is among us most generally used."], "outlive": ["OUTLIVE, v.t. outliv'.", "1. To live beyond; to survive; to live after something has ceased; as, a man may outlive his children; a person may outlive his estate, his fame and his usefulness.", "They live too long who happiness outlive.", "2. To live better or to better purpose."], "outliver": ["OUTLIV'ER, n. A survivor."], "outmost": ["OUT'MOST, a. Farthest outward; most remote from the middle."], "outrage": ["OUT'RAGE, v.t. L. ultra, beyond.", "To treat with violence and wrong; to abuse by rude or insolent language; to injure by rough, rude treatment of any kind.", "Base and insolent minds outrage men, when they have hopes of doing it without a return.", "This interview outrages all decency.", "OUT'RAGE, v.i. To commit exorbitances; to be guilty of violent rudeness.", "OUT'RAGE, n.", "Injurious violence offered to persons or things; excessive abuse; wanton mischief. Rude abusive language, scurrility, or opprobrious and contemptuous words, may be an outrage to persons, or to decency and civility. A violent attack upon person or property is an outrage.", "He wrought great outrages, wasting all the country where he went."], "outrageous": ["OUTRA'GEOUS, a.", "1. Violent; furious; exorbitant; exceeding all bounds of moderation; as outrageous villainies; outrageous talk; outrageous abuse.", "2. Excessive; exceeding reason or decency; as outrageous panegyric.", "3. Enormous; atrocious; as outrageous crimes.", "4. Tumultuous; turbulent."], "outrageously": ["OUTRA'GEOUSLY, adv. With great violence; furiously; excessively."], "outrageousness": ["OUTRA'GEOUSNESS, n. Fury; violence; enormity."], "outrun": ["OUTRUN', v.t", "1. To exceed in running; to leave behind in running.", "2. To exceed; as, to outrun one's income."], "outside": ["OUTSI'DE, n.", "1. The external part of a thing; the part, end or side which forms the surface or superficies.", "2. Superficial appearance; exterior; as the outside of a man or of manners.", "Created beings see nothing but our outside.", "3. Person; external man.", "4. The part or place that lies without or beyond an inclosure.", "I threw open the door of my chamber and found the family standing on the outside.", "5. The utmost."], "outstretch": ["OUTSTRETCH', v.t. To extend; to stretch or spread out; to expand."], "outward": ["OUT'WARD, a. L. versus.", "1. External; exterior; forming the superficial part; as the outward coat of an onion; an outward garment.", "2. External; visible; opposed to inward; as outward hate.", "3. Extrinsic; adventitious.", "And outward honor for an inward toil.", "4. Foreign; not intestine; as an outward war. Not now used. We now say, external or foreign war.", "5. Tending to the exterior part.", "The fire will force its outward way.", "6. In Scripture, civil; public; as opposed to religious. 1Chron. 24.", "7. In theology, carnal; fleshly; corporeal; not spiritual; as the outward man.", "OUT'WARD, n. External form.", "OUT'WARD,"], "outwards": ["OUT'WARDS, adv.", "1. To the outer parts; tending or directed towards the exterior.", "The light falling on them black bodies is not reflected outwards.", "2. From a port or country; as a ship bound outwards."], "outwardly": ["OUT'WARDLY, adv.", "1. Externally; opposed to inwardly; as outwardly content, but inwardly uneasy.", "2. In appearance; not sincerely. Many may inwardly reverence the goodness which they outwardly seem to despise."], "outwent": ["OUTWENT', pret. of outgo."], "oven": ["OVEN, n. uv'n.", "An arch of brick or stone work, for baking bread and other things for food. Ovens are made in chimneys or set in the open air."], "over": ["O'VER, prep. L. super., Gr.", "1. Across; from side to side; implying a passing or moving either above the substance or thing, or on the surface of it. Thus we say, a dog leaps over a stream, or over a table; a boat sails over a lake.", "2. Above in place or position; opposed to below; as the clouds over our heads. The smoke rises over the city.", "The mercy-seat that is over the testimony. Ex. 30.", "3. Above, denoting superiority in excellence, dignity or value; as the advantages which the christian world has over the heathen.", "Young Pallas shone conspicuous o'er the rest.", "4. Above in authority, implying the right or power of superintending or governing; opposed to under.", "Thou shalt be over my house. Gen. 41.", "I will make thee ruler over many things. Matt. 25.", "5. Upon the surface or whole surface; through the whole extent; as, to wander over the earth; to walk over a field, or over a city.", "6. Upon. Watch over your children.", "Dost thou not watch over my sin? Job. 14.", "His tender mercies are over all his works. Ps. 145.", "7. During the whole time; from beginning to end; as, to keep any thing over night; to keep corn over winter.", "8. Above the top; covering; immersing; as, the water is over the shoes or boots.", "Over night. In this phrase, over sometimes signifies before; as, when preparing for a journey, we provide things necessary over night.", "Over, in poetry, is often contracted into o'er.", "O'VER, adv.", "1. From side to side; as a board a foot over; a tree a foot over, a foot in diameter.", "2. On the opposite side. The boat is safe over.", "3. From one to another by passing; as, to deliver over goods to another.", "4. From one country to another by passing; as, to carry any thing over to France, or to bring any thing over to England.", "5. On the surface.", "6. Above the top.", "Good measure, pressed down and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. Luke 6.", "7. More than the quantity assigned; beyond a limit.", "He that gathered much had nothing over. Ex. 14.", "8. Throughout; from beginning to end; completely; as, to read over a book; to argue a question over again.", "Over and over, repeatedly; once and again.", "And every night review'd it o'er and o'er.", "Over again, once more; with repetition.", "O kill not all my kindred o'er again.", "Over and above, besides; beyond what is supposed or limited.", "He gained, over and above, the good will of the people.", "Over against, opposite; in front.", "Over against this church stands a large hospital.", "Over is used with rolling or turning from side to side; as, to turn over; to roll over.", "1. To give over, to cease from; as, to give over an enterprize.", "2. To consider as in a hopeless state; as, the physicians have given over their patient.", "Over, in composition, denotes spreading, covering above; as in overcast, overflow; or across, as to overhear; or above, as to overhang; or turning, changing sides, as in overturn; or more generally beyond, implying excess or superiority, as in overact, overcome.", "O'VER, a.", "1. Past.", "The Olympic games were over.", "2. Upper; covering; as over-shoes; over-leather."], "overred": ["OVERRED', v.t. To smear with a red color. Not used."], "overcharge": ["OVERCH'ARGE, v.t.", "1. To charge or load to excess; to cloy; to oppress.", "The heavy load of abundance with which we overcharge nature -", "2. To crowd too much.", "Our language is overcharged with consonants.", "3. To burden.", "4. To fill to excess; to surcharge; as, to overcharge the memory.", "5. To load with too great a charge, as a gun.", "6. To charge too much; to enter in an account more than is just."], "overcome": ["OVERCOME, v.t. See Come.", "1. To conquer; to vanquish; to subdue; as, to overcome enemies in battle.", "2. To surmount; to get the better of; as, to overcome difficulties or obstacles.", "3. To overflow; to surcharge. Not used.", "4. To come upon; to invade. Not used.", "OVERCOME, v.i. To gain the superiority; to be victorious.", "Romans 3."], "overcomer": ["OVERCOMER, n. One who vanquishes or surmounts."], "overcomingly": ["OVERCOMINGLY, adv. With superiority."], "overdrive": ["OVERDRI'VE, v.t. To drive too hard, or beyond strength.", "Gen. 33."], "overflow": ["OVERFLOW, v.t.", "1. To spread over, as water; to inundate; to cover with water or other fluid.", "2. To fill beyond the brim.", "3. To deluge; to overwhelm; to cover, as with numbers.", "The northern nations overflowed all christendom.", "OVERFLOW, v.i.", "1. To run over; to swell and run over the brim or banks.", "2. To be abundant; to abound; to exuberate; as overflowing plenty."], "overflowing": ["OVERFLOWING, ppr. Spreading over, as a fluid; inundating; running over the brim or banks.", "OVERFLOWING, a. Abundant; copious; exuberant.", "OVERFLOWING, n. Exuberance; copiousness."], "overflowingly": ["OVERFLOWINGLY, adv. Exuberantly; in great abundance."], "overlaid": ["OVERLA'ID, pp. See Overlay. Oppressed with weight; smothered; covered over."], "overlay": ["OVERLA'Y, v.t.", "1. To lay too much upon; to oppress with incumbent weight; as a country overlaid with inhabitants.", "Our sins have overlaid our hopes.", "2. To cover to spread over the surface; as, to overlay capitals of columns with silver; cedar overlaid with gold.", "3. To smother with close covering; as, to overlay an infant.", "4. To overwhelm; to smother.", "A heap of ashes that o'er lays your fire.", "5. To cloud; to overcast.", "- As when a cloud his beam doth overlay.", "6. To cover; to join two opposite sides by a cover.", "And overlay with this portentous bridge the dark abyss."], "overlaying": ["OVERLA'YING, n. A superficial covering. Ex. 38."], "overliver": ["OVERLIV'ER, n. One that lives longest; a survivor."], "overmuch": ["OVERMUCH', a. Too much; exceeding what is necessary or proper.", "OVERMUCH', adv. In too great a degree.", "OVERMUCH', n. More than sufficient."], "overmuchness": ["OVERMUCH'NESS, n. Superabundance. Not used and barbarous."], "overpass": ["OVERP'ASS, v.t.", "1. To cross; to go over.", "2. To overlook; to pass without regard.", "3. To omit, as in reckoning.", "4. To omit; not to receive or include."], "overpast": ["OVERP'AST, pp. Passed by; passed away; gone; past."], "overplus": ["O'VERPLUS, n. over and L. plus, more.", "Surplus; that which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed. Take what is wanted and return the overplus.", "It would look like a fable to report that this gentleman gives away all which is the overplus of a great fortune."], "overrun": ["OVERRUN', v.t.", "1. To run or spread over; to grow over; to cover all over. The sluggard's farm is overrun with weeds. Some plants unchecked will soon overrun a field. The Canada thistle is overrunning the northern parts of New England, as it has overrun Normandy.", "2. To march or rove over; to harass by hostile incursions; to ravage. The south of Europe was formerly overrun by the Goths, Vandals and other barbarians.", "3. To outrun; to run faster than another and leave him behind.", "Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi.", "2Sam. 18.", "4. To overspread with numbers. Were it not for the ibis, it has been supposed Egypt would be overrun with crocodiles.", "5. To injure by treading down.", "6. Among printers, to change the disposition of types and carry those of one line into another, either in correction, or in the contraction or extension of columns.", "OVERRUN', v.i. To overflow; to run over."], "overrunning": ["OVERRUN'NING, ppr. Spreading over; ravaging; changing the disposition of types."], "oversee": ["OVERSEE', v.t.", "1. To superintend; to overlook, implying care.", "2. To pass unheeded; to omit; to neglect. Not used."], "overseer": ["OVERSEE'R, n.", "1. One who overlooks; a superintendent; a supervisor.", "2. An officer who has the care of the poor or of an idiot, &c."], "oversize": ["OVERSI'ZE, v.t.", "1. To surpass in bulk or size. Not much used.", "2. To cover with viscid matter."], "overshadow": ["OVERSHAD'OW, v.t", "1. To throw a shadow over; to overshade.", "2. To shelter; to protect; to cover with protecting influence."], "overshadower": ["OVERSHAD'OWER, n. One that throws a shade over any thing."], "overshadowing": ["OVERSHAD'OWING, ppr. Throwing a shade over; protecting."], "oversight": ["O'VERSIGHT, n.", "1. Superintendence; watchful care. 1Peter 5.", "2. Mistake; an overlooking; omission; error."], "overspread": ["OVERSPREAD, v.t. overspred'.", "1. To spread over; to cover over. The deluge overspread the earth.", "2. To scatter over.", "OVERSPREAD, v.i. overspred'. To be spread or scattered over; as, weeds overspread the ground."], "overtake": ["OVERTA'KE, v.t.", "1. To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress or motion; to catch.", "The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake. Ex. 15.", "2. To come upon; to fall on afterwards. Vengeance shall overtake the wicked.", "3. To take by surprise.", "Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye who are spiritual, restore such one in the spirit of meekness. Gal. 6."], "overthrow": ["OVERTHROW, v.t. See Throw.", "1. To turn upside down.", "His wife overthrew the table.", "2. To throw down.", "3. To ruin; to demolish.", "When the walls of Thebes he overthrew.", "4. To defeat; to conquer; to vanquish; as, to overthrow an army or an enemy.", "5. To subvert; to destroy; as, to overthrow the constitution or state; to overthrow religion."], "overthrower": ["OVERTHROWER, n. One that overthrows, defeats or destroys."], "overtook": ["OVERTOOK', pret. of overtake."], "overturn": ["OVERTURN', v.t.", "1. To overset; to turn or throw from a basis or foundation; as, to overturn a carriage or a building.", "2. To subvert; to ruin; to destroy.", "3. To overpower; to conquer."], "overturnable": ["OVERTURN'ABLE, a. That may be overturned. Not much used."], "overturned": ["OVERTURN'ED, pp. Overset; overthrown."], "overturner": ["OVERTURN'ER, n. One that overturns or subverts."], "overturning": ["OVERTURN'ING, ppr. Oversetting; overthrowing; subverting.", "OVERTURN'ING, n. An oversetting; subversion; change; revolution."], "overwhelm": ["OVERWHELM', v.t.", "1. To overspread or crush beneath something violent and weighty, that covers or encompasses the whole; as, to overwhelm with waves.", "2. To immerse and bear down; in a figurative sense; as, to be overwhelmed with cares, afflictions or business.", "3. To overlook gloomily.", "4. To put over. Not used."], "overwhelming": ["OVERWHELM'ING, ppr. Crushing with weight or numbers."], "overwhelmingly": ["OVERWHELM'INGLY, adv. In a manner to overwhelm."], "owe": ["OWE, v.t. o. Gr., Eng. own.", "1. To be indebted; to be obliged or bound to pay. The merchants owe a large sum to foreigners.", "A son owes help and honor to his father.", "One was brought to him who owed him ten thousand talents.", "Matt. 18.", "Owe no man any thing, but to love one another. Rom. 13.", "2. To be obliged to ascribe to; to be obliged for; as, that he may owe to me all his deliverance.", "3. To possess; to have; to be the owner of. This is the original sense, but now obsolete. In place of it, we use own, from the participle. See Own.", "Thou dost here usurp the name thou owest not.", "4. To be due or owing.", "O deem thy fall not ow'd to man's decree.", "This passive form is not now used.", "OWE, v.i. To be bound or obliged."], "owing": ["OWING, ppr. This is used in a passive form, contrary to analogy, for owen or owed. But the use is inveterately established.", "1. Due; that moral obligation requires to be paid; as the money owing to a laborer for services, or to another country for goods.", "2. Consequential; ascribable to, as the cause. Misfortunes are often owing to vices or miscalculations.", "3. Imputable to as an agent. His recovery from sickness is owing less to his physician, than to the strength of his constitution."], "owl": ["OWL, n. L. ulula, ululo.", "A fowl of the genus Strix, that flies chiefly in the night."], "owling": ["OWL'ING, n. The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England, contrary to the statute.", "This explanation of owling favors the derivation of the word from wool."], "own": ["OWN, a. See Owe and Ought.", "1. Belonging to; possessed; peculiar; usually expressing property with emphasis, or in express exclusion of others. It follows my, your, his, their, thy, her. God created man in his own image. Adam begat a son in his own likeness. Let them fall by their own counsel. He washed us from our sins in his own blood.", "In the phrases, his own nations, his own country, the word own denotes that the person belongs to the nation or country.", "2. Own often follows a verb; as, the book is not my own, that is, my own book.", "3. It is used as a substitute.", "That they may dwell in a place of their own. 2Sam. 7.", "In this use, a noun cannot follow own.", "4. \"He came to his own, and his own received him not,\" that is, his own nation or people; own being here used as a substitute, like many other adjectives.", "OWN, v.t. from the adjective.", "1. To have the legal or rightful title to; to have the exclusive right of possession and use. A free holder in the United states owns his farm. Men often own land or goods which are not in their possession.", "2. To have the legal right to, without the exclusive right to use; as, a man owns the land in front of his farm to the middle of the highway.", "3. To acknowledge to belong to; to avow or admit that the property belongs to.", "When you come, find me out and own me for your son.", "4. To avow; to confess, as a fault, crime or other act; that is, to acknowledge that one has done the act; as, to own the faults of youth; to own our guilt. The man is charged with theft, but he has not owned it.", "5. In general, to acknowledge; to confess; to avow; to admit to be true; not to deny; as, to own our weakness and frailty.", "Many own the gospel of salvation more from custom than conviction."], "owned": ["OWNED, pp.", "1. The legal title being vested in; as, the property is owned by a company.", "2. Acknowledged; avowed; confessed."], "owning": ["OWNING, ppr.", "1. Having the legal or just title to.", "2. Acknowledging; avowing; confessing."], "owner": ["OWNER, n. The rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not.", "The ox knoweth his owner. Is. 1.", "The centurion believed the master and owner of the ship. Act. 27."], "ox": ["OX, n. plu. oxen. pron. ox'n.", "The male of the bovine genus of quadrupeds, castrated and grown to his size or nearly so. The young male is called in America a steer. The same animal not castrated is called a bull. These distinctions are well established with us in regard to domestic animals of this genus. When we speak of wild animals of this kind, ox is sometimes applied both to the male and female, and in zoology, the same practice exists in regard to the domestic animals. Sop in common usage, a pair of bulls yoked may be sometimes called oxen. We never apply the name ox to the cow or female of the domestic kind. Oxen in the plural may comprehend both the male and female."], "pace": ["PACE, n. L., to open, Gr., to tread. See Pass.", "1. A step.", "2. The space between the two feet in walking, estimated at two feet and a half. But the geometrical pace is five feet, or the whole space passed over by the same foot from one step to another. Sixty thousand such paces make one degree on the equator.", "3. Manner of walking; a gait; as a languishing pace; a heavy pace; a quick or slow pace.", "4. Step; gradation in business. Little used.", "5. A mode of stepping among horses, in which the legs on the same side are lifted together. In a general sense, the word may be applied to any other mode of stepping.", "6. Degree of celerity. Let him mend his pace.", "To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, creeps in this petty pace from day to day--", "To keep or hold pace, to keep up; to go or move as fast as something else.", "PACE, v.i.", "1. To go; to walk; to move.", "2. To go, move or walk slowly.", "3. To move by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a horse.", "PACE, v.t.", "1. To measure by steps; as, to pace a piece of ground.", "2. To regulate in motion.", "If you ca, pace your wisdom in that good path that I would wish it go--"], "paced": ["PACED, a.", "1. Having a particular gait; used chiefly in composition; as slow-paced.", "2. In composition, going all lengths; as a thorough-paced intriguer."], "pacified": ["PACIFIED, pp. Appeased; tranquilized."], "pacifier": ["PACIFIER, n. One who pacifies."], "pacify": ["PACIFY, v.t. L., peace, and to make.", "1. To appease, as wrath or other violent passion or appetite; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay agitation or excitement; as, to pacify a man when angry, or to pacify his wrath or rage; the word being applied both to the person and to the passion. So we say, to pacify hunger, to pacify importunate demands.", "2. To restore peace to; to tranquilize; as, to pacify countries in contention."], "pacifying": ["PACIFYING, ppr. Appeasing; tranquilizing."], "paddle": ["PAD'DLE, v.i. L. pes,pedis,the foot, and this is allied to Gr., to tread.", "1. To row; to beat the water, as with oars.", "2. To play in the water with the hands, as children; or with the feet, as fowls or other animals.", "3. To finger.", "PAD'DLE, v.t. To propel by an oar or paddle.", "PAD'DLE, n. In L. batillus is a paddle-staff; in Gr. a pole.", "1. An oar, but not a large oar. It is now applied to a sort of short oar used in propelling and steering canoes and boats.", "2. The blade or the broad part of an oar or weapon.", "Thou shalt have a paddle on thy weapon. Deut.23."], "paid": ["PAID, pret. and pp. of pay; paid for payed."], "pain": ["PAIN, n. L. paena; Gr. penalty, and pain, labor.", "1. An uneasy sensation in animal bodies, of any degree from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from pressure, tension or spasm, separation of parts by violence, or any derangement of functions. Thus violent pressure or stretching of a limb gives pain; inflammation produces pain; wounds, bruises and incisions give pain.", "2. Labor; work; toil; laborious effort. In this sense, the plural only is used; as, to take pains; to be at the pains.", "High without taking pains to rise.", "The same with pains we gain, but lose with ease.", "3. Labor; toilsome effort; task; in the singular. Not now used.", "4. Uneasiness of mind; disquietude; anxiety; solicitude for the future; grief, sorrow for the past. We suffer pain when we fear or expect evil; we feel pain at the loss of friends or property.", "5. The throws or distress of travail or childbirth.", "She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1 Sam.4.", "6. Penalty; punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for a crime, or annexed to the commission of a crime.", "None shall presume to fly under pain of death.", "Interpose, on pain of my displeasure.", "PAIN, v.t.", "1. To make uneasy or to disquiet; to cause uneasy sensations in the body, of any degree of intensity; to make simply uneasy, or to distress, to torment. The pressure of fetters may pain a limb; the rack pains the body.", "2. To afflict; to render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress. We are pained at the death of a friend; grief pains the heart; we are often pained with fear or solicitude.", "I am pained at my very heart. Jer.4.", "3. Reciprocally, to pain one's self, to labor; to make toilsome efforts. Little used."], "painful": ["PA'INFUL, a. Giving pain, uneasiness or distress to the body; as a painful operation in surgery.", "1. Giving pain to the mind; afflictive; disquieting; distressing.", "Evils have been more painful to us in the prospect, than in the actual pressure.", "2. Full of pain; producing misery or affliction.", "3. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a painful service. The army had a painful march.", "4. Laborious; exercising labor; undergoing toil; industrious.", "Nor must the painful husbandman be tired."], "painfulness": ["PA'INFULNESS, n. Uneasiness or distress of body.", "1. Affliction; sorrow; grief; disquietude or distress of mind.", "2. Laborious effort or diligence; toil."], "paint": ["PA'INT, v.t. L. pingo,pictus.", "1. To form a figure or likeness in colors; as, to paint a hero or a landscape.", "2. To cover or besmear with color or colors, either with or without figures; as, to paint a cloth; to paint a house.", "3. To represent by colors or images; to exhibit in form.", "When folly romantic, we must paint it.", "4. To represent or exhibit to the mind; to present in form or likeness to the intellectual view; to describe.", "Disloyal!", "--The word is too good to paint out her wickedness.", "5. To color; to diversify with colors.", "6. To lay on artificial color for ornament.", "Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings.9."], "painted": ["PA'INTED, pp. Colored; rubbed over with paint; as a painted house or cloth.", "1. Represented in form by colors.", "2. Described."], "painting": ["PA'INTING, ppr. Representing in colors; laying on colors.", "PA'INTING, n. The art of forming figures or resembling objects in colors on canvas or other material, or the art of representing to the eye by means of figures and colors, any object of sight, and sometimes the emotions of the mind.", "1. A picture; a likeness or resemblance in colors.", "2. Colors laid on."], "pair": ["PAIR, n. L. par; Heb. to join, couple or associate.", "1. Two things of a kind, similar in form, applied to the same purpose,and suited to each other or used together; as a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes; a pair of oxen or horses.", "2. Two of a sort; a couple; a brace; as a pair of nerves; a pair of doves. Luke 2.", "PAIR, v.i. To be joined in pairs; to couple, as, birds pair in summer.", "1. To suit; to fit; as a counterpart.", "Ethelinda,", "My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.", "PAIR, v.t. To unite in couples; as minds paired in heaven.", "1. To unite as correspondent, or rather to contrast.", "Glossy jet is paired with shining white.", "PAIR, v.t. To impair. See Impair."], "paired": ["PA'IRED, pp. Joined in couples, fitted; suited."], "pairing": ["PA'IRING, ppr. Uniting in pairs; fitting."], "palace": ["PAL'ACE, n. L. palatium.", "1. A magnificent house in which an emperor, a king or other distinguished person resides; as an imperial palace; a royal palace; a pontifical palace; a ducal palace.", "2. A splendid place of residence; as the sun's bright palace."], "pale": ["PALE, a. L. palleo,pallidus.", "1. White or whitish; wan; deficient in color; not ruddy or fresh of color; as a pale face or skin; pale cheeks. We say also, a pale red, a pale blue,that is, a whitish red or blue. Pale is not precisely synonymous with white, as it usually denotes what we call wan, a darkish dun white.", "2. Not bright; not shining; of a faint luster; dim; as the pale light of the moon.", "The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;", "It looks a little paler.", "PALE, v.t. To make pale.", "PALE, n. L. palus; coinciding with Eng. pole, as well as pale. It has the elements of L. pala,a spade or shovel.", "1. A narrow board pointed or sharpened at one end, used in fencing or inclosing. This is with us more generally called a picket.", "2. A pointed stake; hence to empale,which see.", "3. An inclosure; properly,that which incloses, like fence, limit; hence,the space inclosed. He was born within the pale of the church; within the pale of christianity.", "4. District; limited territory.", "5. In heraldry, an ordinary, consisting of two perpendicular lines drawn from the top to the base of the escutcheon, and containing the third middle part of the field.", "PALE, v.t. To inclose with pales or stakes.", "1. To inclose; to encompass."], "paled": ["PA'LED, pp. Inclosed with pales or pickets.", "1. Striped."], "palely": ["PA'LELY, adv. Wanly; not freshly or ruddily."], "paleness": ["PA'LENESS, n. Wanness; defect of color; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness of look.", "The blood the virgin's cheek forsook,", "A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look.", "1. Want of color or luster; as the paleness of a flower."], "paling": ["PA'LING, ppr. Inclosing with pales.", "PA'LING, n. A fence formed with pales."], "palm": ["PALM, n. p`am.. L. palma.", "1. The inner part of the hand.", "2. A hand or hand's breadth; a lineal measure of three inches.", "3. The broad triangular part of an anchor at the end of the arms.", "4. The name of many species of plants, but particularly of the date-tree or great palm, a native of Asia and Africa.", "The palms constitute a natural order of monocotyledonous plants,with a simple cylindric stem, terminating in a crown of leaves or fronds, within which rises a tuft of flowers and fruits; all natives of warm climates. They vary in size from 2 to more than 100 feet in highth.", "5. Branches of the palm being worn in token of victory, hence the word signifies superiority, victory, triumph. The palm was adopted as an emblem of victory, it is said, because the tree is so elastic as when pressed, to rise and recover its correct position.", "Namur subdued is England's palm alone.", "6. Among seamen, an instrument used in sewing canvas instead of a thimble.", "PALM, v.t. p`am. To conceal in the palm of the hand.", "They palmed the trick that lost the game.", "1. To impose by fraud.", "For you may palm upon us new for old.", "2. To handle.", "3. To stroke with the hand."], "palsied": ["PAL'SIED, a. from palsy. Affected with palsy."], "palsy": ["PAL'SY, n. s as z. supposed to be contracted from Gr. relaxation; to loosen or relax. The loss or defect of the power of voluntary muscular motion in the whole body, or in a particular part; paralysis. When one side only of the body is affected, it is called hemiplegy. When the lower part of the body is paralytic, it is called paraplegy. Palsy may be a loss of the power of motion without a loss of sensation, or a loss of sensation without loss of motion, or a loss of both."], "pan": ["PAN, n.", "1. A vessel broad and somewhat hollow or depressed in the middle, or with a raised border; used for setting milk and other domestic purposes.", "2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire-arms which holds the priming that communicates with the charge.", "3. Something hollow; as the brain pan.", "4. Among farmers, the hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil; called the hard pan.", "5. The top of the head.", "PAN, v.t. To join; to close together. Local."], "pang": ["PANG, n. Extreme pain; anguish; agony of body; particularly, a sudden paroxysm of extreme pain, as in spasm, or childbirth. Is.21.", "I saw the hoary traitor,", "Grin in the pangs of death, and bit the ground.", "PANG, v.t. To torture; to give extreme pain to."], "pannage": ["PAN'NAGE, n. from L. panis. The food of swine in the woods; as beach nuts, acorns, &c. called also pawns; also, the money taken by agistors for the mast of the king's forest."], "pant": ["P`ANT, v.i.", "1. To palpitate; to beat with preternatural violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror, or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or suspense.", "Yet might her piteous heart be seen to pant and quake.", "2. To have the breast heaving, as in short respiration or want of breath.", "Pluto pants for breath from out his cell.", "3. To play with intermission or declining strength.", "The whispering breeze", "Pants on the leaves and dies upon the trees.", "4. To long; to desire ardently.", "Who pants for glory, finds but short repose.", "As the heart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee, O God. Ps.42.", "P`ANT, n. Palpitation of the heart."], "panting": ["P`ANTING, ppr. See Pant. Palpitating; breathing with a rapid succession of inspirations and expirations; longing.", "P`ANTING, n. Palpitation; rapid breathing; longing."], "pantingly": ["P`ANTINGLY, adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing."], "pap": ["PAP, n. L. papilla. A nipple of the breast; a teat.", "PAP, n. Low L. papa.", "1. A soft food for infants, made with bread boiled or softened with water.", "2. The pulp of fruit.", "PAP, v.t. To feed with pap."], "paper": ["PA'PER, n. L. papyrus, the name of an Egyptian plant, from which was made a kind of paper.", "1. A substance formed into thin sheets on which letters and figures are written or printed. Paper is made of different materials; but among us it is usually made of linen or cotton rags. A fine paper is made of silk, particularly for bank-notes,which require to be very thin.", "2. A piece of paper.", "3. A single sheet printed or written; as a daily paper; a weekly paper; a periodical paper; referring to essays, journals,newspapers, &c.", "4. Any written instrument, whether note, receipt, bill, invoice, bond, memorial, deed, and the like. The papers lie on the speaker's table.", "They brought a paper to me to be signed.", "5. A promissory note or notes or a bill of exchange; as negotiable paper.", "6. Hangings printed or stamped; paper for covering the walls of rooms.", "PA'PER, a. Made of paper; consisting of paper.", "1. Thin; slight; as a paper wall.", "PA'PER, v.t. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a room or a house.", "1. To register. Not used.", "2. To fold or inclose in paper."], "parable": ["PAR'ABLE, n. L. parabilis. Easily procured. Not used.", "PAR'ABLE, n. L. parabola; Gr. to throw forward or against, to compare to or against; as in confero, collatum, to set together, or one thing with another. A fable or allegorical relation or representation of something real in life or nature, from which a moral is drawn for instruction; such as the parable of the trees choosing a king, Judges 9.; the parable of the poor man and his lamb. 2 Sam. 12.; the parable of the ten virgins, Matt.25.", "PAR'ABLE, v.t. To represent by fiction or fable."], "paradise": ["PAR'ADISE, n. Gr. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed immediately after their creation.", "1. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight.", "The earth", "Shall all be paradise--", "2. Heaven, the blissful seat of sanctified souls after death.", "This day shalt thou be with me in paradise. Luke 23.", "3. Primarily, in Persia, a pleasure-garden with parks and other appendages."], "paramour": ["PAR'AMOUR, n. L. per, and amour.", "1. A lover; a wooer.", "2. A mistress."], "parcel": ["P`ARCEL, n. L. particula, particle, from pars, part.", "1. A part; a portion of any thing taken separately.", "The same experiments succeed on two parcels of the white of an egg.", "2. A quantity; any mass.", "3. A part belonging to a whole; as in law, one piece of ground is part and parcel of a greater piece.", "4. A small bundle or package of goods.", "5. A number of persons; on contempt.", "6. A number or quantity; in contempt; as a parcel of fair words.", "P`ARCEL, v.t. To divide into parts or portions; as, to parcel an estate among heirs.", "These ghostly kings would parcel out my power.", "1. To make up into a mass. Little used.", "To parcel a seam, in seamen's language, to lay canvas over it and daub it with pitch."], "parceled": ["P`ARCELED, pp. Divided into portions."], "parceling": ["P`ARCELING, ppr. Dividing into portions.", "P`ARCELING, n. Among seamen, long narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and bound about a rope like a bandage, before it is sewed. It is used also to raise a mouse on the stays, &c."], "parch": ["P`ARCH, v.t. I know not from what source we have received this word. It corresponds in elements with the Italian bruciare, to burn or roast. Qu. L. peraresco.", "1. To burn the surface of a thing; to scorch; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.", "2. To dry to extremity; as, the heat of the sun's rays parches the ground; the mouth is parched with thirst.", "P`ARCH, v.i. To be scorched or superficially burnt; as, corn will dry and parch into barley.", "1. To become very dry."], "parched": ["P`ARCHED, pp. Scorched; dried to extremity."], "parching": ["P`ARCHING, ppr. Scorching; drying to extremity.", "1. a. Having the quality of burning or drying; as the parching heat of African sands."], "parchment": ["P`ARCHMENT, L. pergamena; purgo The skin of a sheep or goat dressed or prepared and rendered fit for writing on. This is done by separating all the flesh and hair, rubbing the skin with pumice stone, and reducing its thickness with a sharp instrument. Vellum is made of the skins of abortive or very young calves."], "pardon": ["P`ARDON, v.t. L. per and dono, to give; per having the sense of the English for in forgive, and re in L. remitto, properly to give back or away.", "1. To forgive; to remit; as an offense or crime. Guilt implies a being bound or subjected to censure, penalty or punishment. To pardon, is to give up this obligation, and release the offender. We apply the word to the crime or to the person. We pardon an offense, when we remove it from the offender and consider him as not guilty; we pardon the offender, when we release or absolve him from his liability to suffer punishment.", "I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 Sam.15.", "2. To remit, as a penalty.", "I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.", "3. To excuse, as for a fault.", "4. Pardon me, is a phrase used when one asks for excuse, or makes an apology, and it is often used in this sense, when a person means civilly to deny or contradict what another affirms.", "P`ARDON, n. Forgiveness; the release of an offense or of the obligation of the offender to suffer a penalty, or to bear the displeasure of the offended party. We seek the pardon of sins, transgressions and offenses.", "1. Remission of a penalty. An amnesty is a general pardon.", "2. Forgiveness received."], "pardonable": ["P`ARDONABLE, a. That may be pardoned; applied to persons. The offender is pardonable.", "1. Venial; excusable; that may be forgiven, overlooked or passed by; applied to things; as a pardonable offense."], "pardonableness": ["P`ARDONABLENESS, n. The quality of being pardonable; venialness; susceptibility of forgiveness; as the pardonableness of sin."], "pardonably": ["P`ARDONABLY, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; venially; excusably."], "pardoned": ["P`ARDONED, pp. Forgiven; excused."], "pardoner": ["P`ARDONER, n. One that forgives; one that absolves an offender.", "1. One that sells the pope's indulgences."], "pardoning": ["P`ARDONING, ppr. Forgiving; remitting an offense or crime; absolving from punishment."], "pare": ["PARE, v.t. L. paro; Gr. lame; to mutilate; Heb. to create; to cut off. The primary sense is to thrust or drive, hence to drive off, to separate, to stop by setting or repelling, as in parry, or to drive off or out, as in separating or producing.", "1. To cut off, as the superficial substance or extremities of a thing; to shave off with a sharp instrument; as, to pare an apple or an orange; to pare the nails; to pare a horse's hoof; to pare land in agriculture.", "2. To diminish by little and little.", "The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy.", "When pare is followed by the thing diminished, the noun is in the objective case; as, to pare the nails. When the thing separated is the object, pare is followed by off or away; as, to pare off the rind of fruit; to pare away redundances."], "pared": ["PA'RED, pp. Freed from any thing superfluous on the surface or at the extremities."], "paring": ["PA'RING, ppr. Cutting or shaving off the extremities.", "PA'RING, n. That which is pared off; rind separated from fruit; a piece clipped off.", "1. The act or practice of cutting off the surface of grass land, for tillage."], "parent": ["PA'RENT, n. L. parens, from pario, to produce or bring forth. The regular participle of pario is pariens,and parens is the regular participle of pareo, to appear.", "1. A father or mother; he or she that produces young. The duties of parents to their children are to maintain, protect and educate them.", "When parents are wanting in authority, children are wanting in duty.", "2. That which produces; cause; source.", "Idleness is the parent of vice.", "Regular industry is the parent of sobriety."], "parental": ["PARENT'AL, a. Pertaining to parents; as parental government.", "1. Becoming parents; tender; affectionate; as parental care of solicitude."], "parentation": ["PARENTA'TION, n. from L. parento.", "Something done or said in honor of the dead."], "part": ["P`ART, n. L. pars, partis.", "1. A portion, piece or fragment separated from a whole thing; as, to divide an orange into five parts.", "2. A portion or quantity of a thing not separated in fact, but considered or mentioned by itself. In what part of England is Oxford situated? So we say, the upper part or lower part, the fore part, a remote part, a small part, or a great part.", "The people stood at the nether part of the mount. Ex.19.", "3. A portion of number, separated or considered by itself; as a part of the nation or congregation.", "4. A portion or component particle; as the component parts of a fossil or metal.", "5. A portion of man; as the material part or body,or the intellectual part, the soul or understanding; the perishable part; the immortal part.", "6. A member.", "All the parts were formed in his mind into one harmonious body.", "7. Particular division; distinct species or sort belonging to a whole; as all the parts of domestic business or of a manufacture.", "8. Ingredient in a mingled mass; a portion in a compound.", "9. That which falls to each in division; share; as, let me bear my part of the danger.", "10. Proportional quantity; as four parts of lime with three of sand.", "11. Share; concern; interest.", "Sheba said, we have no part in David. 2 Sam.20.", "12. Side; party; interest; faction.", "And make whole kingdoms take her brother's part.", "13. Something relating or belonging to; that which concerns; as for your part; for his part; for her part.", "For my part, I have no servile end in my labor.", "14. Share of labor, action or influence; particular office or business.", "Accuse not nature, she hath done her part,", "Do thou but thine.", "15. Character appropriated in a play. The parts of the comedy were judiciously cast and admirable performed.", "16. Action; conduct.", "17. In mathematics, such a portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity. Thus 3 is a part of 12. It is the opposite of multiple.", "Parts, in the plural, qualities; powers; faculties; accomplishments.", "Such licentious parts tend for the most part to the hurt of the English--", "Parts, applied to place, signifies quarters, regions, districts.", "When he had gone over those parts, and had given them much exhortation, he came into Greece. Acts.20.", "All parts resound with tumults, plaints and fears.", "In general, parts is used for excellent or superior endowments, or more than ordinary talents. This is what we understand by the phrase, a man of parts.", "In good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner; not in displeasure.", "God accepteth it in good part at the hands of faithful man.ill part, as ill done; unfavorably; with displeasure.", "For the most part, commonly; oftener than otherwise.", "In part, in some degree or extent; partly.", "Logical part, among schoolmen, a division of some universal as its whole; in which sense, species are parts of a genus, and individuals are parts of a species.", "Physical parts, are of two kinds,homogeneous and heterogeneous; the first is of the same denomination; the second of different ones.", "Aliquot part, is a quantity which being repeated any number of times, becomes equal to an integer. Thus 6 is an aliquot part of 24.", "Aliquant part, is a quantity which being repeated any number of times, becomes greater or less than the whole, as 5 is an aliquant part of 17.", "Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of words of a particular character. Thus the noun is part of speech, denoting the names of things, or those vocal sounds which usage has attached to things. The verb is a part of speech expressing motion, action or being.", "P`ART, v.t. L. partio.", "1. To divide, separate or break; to sever into two or more pieces.", "2. To divide into shares; to distribute. Acts.2.", "3. To separate or disunite, as things which are near each other. Ruth 1.", "4. To keep asunder; to separate. A narrow sea parts England from France.", "5. To separate, as combatants. Night parted the armies.", "6. To secern; to secrete.", "The liver minds his own affair,", "And parts and strains the vital juices.", "7. In seamen's language, to break; as, the ship parted her cables.", "8. To separate metals.", "P`ART, v.i. To be separated, removed or detached.", "Powerful hands will not part", "Easily from possession won with arms.", "1. To quit each other.", "He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted.", "2. To take or bid farewell.", "3. To have a share.", "They shall part alike. 1 Sam.30.", "4. To go away; to depart.", "Thy father", "Embraced me, parting for th' Etrurian land.", "5. To break; to be torn asunder. The cable parted.part with, to quit; to resign; to lose; to be separated from; as, to part with near friends.", "Celia, for thy sake I part", "With all that grew so near my heart."], "parted": ["P`ARTED, pp. Separated; divided; severed."], "parting": ["P`ARTING, ppr. from part. Dividing; separating; breaking in pieces.", "1. a. Given at separation; as a parting kiss or look.", "2. Departing; declining; as the parting day.", "P`ARTING, n. Division; separation. Ezek.21.", "1. In chimistry, an operation by which gold and silver are separated from each other by different menstruums.", "2. In seamen's language, the breaking of a cable by violence."], "partake": ["PARTA'KE, v.i. pret. partook; pp. partaken. part and take.", "1. To take a part, portion or share in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; usually followed by of, sometimes less properly by in. All men partake of the common bounties of Providence. Clodius was at the feast,but could not partake of the enjoyments.", "2. To have something of the property, nature, claim or right.", "The attorney of the duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney general.", "3. To be admitted; not to be excluded.", "PARTA'KE, v.t. To have a part in; to share.", "My royal father lives;", "Let every one partake the general joy.", "This is probably elliptical, of being omitted.", "1. To admit to a part. Not used."], "partaker": ["PARTA'KER, n. One who has or takes a part, share or portion in common with others; a sharer; a participator; usually followed by of.", "If the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things-- Rom.15.", "Sometimes followed by in.", "Wish me partaker in thy happiness--", "If we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the prophets. Matt.23.", "1. An accomplice; an associate.", "When thou sawest a thief,thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers. Ps.1."], "partaking": ["PARTA'KING, ppr. Sharing with others; participating.", "PARTA'KING, n. An associating; combination in an evil design."], "partial": ["P`ARTIAL, a. L. pars.", "1. Biased to one party; inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more than the other; not indifferent. It is important to justice that a judge should not be partial.", "Self-love will make men partial to themselves and friends.", "2. Inclined to favor without reason. Authors are partial to their wit, and critics to their judgment.", "3. Affecting a part only; not general or universal; not total. It has been much disputed whether the deluge was partial or total.", "All partial evil, universal good.", "4. More strongly inclined to one thing than to others. Colloquial.", "5. In botany, subordinate; applied to subdivisions; as a partial umbel or umbellicle; a partial peduncle. A partial involucre is placed at the foot of a partial umbel."], "partiality": ["PARTIALITY, n. parshal'ity. Inclination to favor one party or one side of a question more than the other; an undue bias of mind towards one party or side, which is apt to warp the judgment. Partiality springs from the will and affections, rather than from a love of truth and justice.", "1. A stronger inclination to one thing than to others; as a partiality for poetry or painting; a colloquial use."], "partialize": ["P`ARTIALIZE, v.t. To render partial. Not used."], "partially": ["P`ARTIALLY, adv. With undue bias of mind to one party or side; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge partially.", "1. In part; not totally; as, the story may be partially true; the body may be partially affected with disease; the sun and moon are often partially eclipsed."], "particular": ["PARTIC'ULAR, a. Low L. particularis, from particula.", "1. Pertaining to a single person or thing; not general; as, this remark has a particular application.", "2. Individual; noting or designating a single thing by way of distinction. Each plant has its particular nutriment. Most persons have a particular trait of character. He alludes to a particular person.", "3. Noting some property or thing peculiar.", "Of this prince there is little particular memory.", "4. Attentive to things single or distinct; minute. I have been particular in examining the reasons of this law.", "5. Single; not general.", "6. Odd; singular; having something that eminently distinguishes one from others.", "7. Singularly nice in taste; as a man very particular in his diet or dress.", "8. Special; more than ordinary. He has brought no particular news.", "9. Containing a part only; as a particular estate, precedent to the estate in remainder.", "10. Holding a particular estate; as a particular tenant.", "PARTIC'ULAR, n. A single instance; a single point.", "I must reserve some particulars, which it is not lawful for me to reveal.", "1. A distinct, separate or minute part; as, he told me all the particulars of the story.", "2. An individual; a private person.", "3. Private interest; as, they apply their minds to those branches of public prayer, wherein their own particular is moved. Not in use.", "4. Private character; state of an individual.", "For his particular, I will receive him gladly. Not in use.", "5. A minute detail of things singly enumerated.", "The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was written. Not in use.", "In particular, specially; peculiarly; distinctly.", "This, in particular, happens to the lungs."], "particularity": ["PARTICULAR'ITY, n. Distinct notice or specification of particulars.", "--Even descending to particularities, what kingdoms he should overcome.", "1. Singleness; individuality; single act; single case.", "2. Petty account; minute incident.", "To see the titles that were most agreeable to such an emperor--with the like particularities--", "3. Something belonging to single persons.", "4. Something peculiar or singular.", "I saw an old heathen altar with this particularity,that it was hollowed like a dish at one end, but not the end on which the sacrifice was laid.", "5. Minuteness in detail. He related the story with great particularity."], "particularize": ["PARTIC'ULARIZE, v.t. To mention distinctly or in particulars; to enumerate or specify in detail.", "He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite,but particularizes his descent from Benjamin.", "PARTIC'ULARIZE, v.i. To be attentive to single things."], "particularly": ["PARTIC'ULARLY, adv. Distinctly; singly.", "1. In an especial manner.", "This exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character."], "partite": ["P`ARTITE, a. L. partitus, from partio, to divide. See Part.", "In botany, divided. A partite leaf is a simple leaf separated down to the base."], "partition": ["PARTI'TION, n. L. partitio, from partio, to divide.", "1. The act of dividing, or state of being divided.", "2. Division; separation; distinction.", "And good from bad find no partition.", "3. Separate part; as lodged in a small partition.", "4. That by which different parts are separated; as a partition of wood or stone in a building.", "5. Part where separation is made.", "No sight could pass", "Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.", "6. Division of an estate into severalty, which is done by deed of partition."], "partitive": ["P`ARTITIVE, a. In grammar, distributive; as a noun partitive."], "partitively": ["P`ARTITIVELY, adv. In a partitive manner; distributively."], "partly": ["P`ARTLY, adv. In part; in some measure or degree; not wholly."], "partner": ["P`ARTNER, n. from part. One who partakes or shares with another; a partaker; an associate; as, she is partner of my life, of my joys, of my griefs.", "Those of the race of Shem were no partners in the unbelieving work of the tower.", "1. An associate in any business or occupation; a joint owner of stock or capital, employed in commerce, manufactures or other business. Men are sometimes partners in a single voyage or adventure, sometimes in a firm or standing company.", "2. One who dances with another, either male or female, as in a contra dance.", "3. A husband or wife.", "P`ARTNER, v.t. To join; to associate with a partner. Little used.", "Partners, in a ship, pieces of plank nailed round the scuttles in a deck where the masts are placed; also, the scuttles themselves."], "partridge": ["P`ARTRIDGE, n. L. perdix. A wild fowl of the genus Tatrao. Latham arranges the partridge and quail in a genus under the name of Perdix, and assigns the grous to the genus Tetrao. The partridge is esteemed a great delicacy at the table.", "The term partridge is applied in Pennsylvania to the bird called quail in New England, a peculiar species of Perdix; in New England it is applied to the ruffed grous, a species of Tetrao."], "party": ["P`ARTY, n. L. pars. See Part.", "1. A number of persons united in opinion or design, in opposition to others in the community. It differs from faction, in implying a less dishonorable association, or more justifiable designs. Parties exist in all governments; and free governments are the hot-beds of party. Formerly, the political parties in England were called whigs and tories.", "2. One of two litigants; the plaintiff or defendant in a lawsuit.", "The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex.22.", "3. One concerned or interested in an affair. This man was not a party to the trespass or affray. He is not a party to the contract or agreement.", "4. Side; persons engaged against each other.", "The peace both parties want, is like to last.", "Small parties make up in diligence what they want in numbers.", "5. Cause; side.", "Aegle came in to make their party good.", "6. A select company invited to an entertainment; as a dining party, a tea party, an evening party.", "7. A single person distinct from or opposed to another.", "If the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony,", "8. In military affairs, a detachment or small number of troops sent on a particular duty, as to intercept the enemy's convoy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, to flank the enemy, &c.is used to qualify other words and may be considered either as part of a compound word, or as an adjective; as party man, party rage, party disputes, &c."], "pass": ["P`ASS, v.i. Eng. pat, and as a noun, a pass, a defile, an ambling, pace; passen, to be fit, to suit; L. patior, whence passion, to suffer, and peto, competo, in the sense of fit; Gr. to walk or step, to suffer; The word pass coincides with L. passus, a step, and this is from pando, L. passus, a step, and this is from pando, to extend; n being casual, the original word was pado.", "1. To move, in almost any manner; to go; to proceed from one place to another. A man may pass on foot, on horseback or in a carriage; a bird and a meteor pass through the air; a ship passes on or through the water; light passes from the sun to the planets; it passes from the sun to the earth in about eight minutes.", "2. To move from one state to another; to alter or change, or to be changed in condition; as, to pass from health to sickness; to pass from just to unjust.", "3. To vanish; to disappear; to be lost. In this sense, we usually say, to pass away.", "Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass.", "4. To be spent; to go on or away progressively.", "The time when the thing existed, is the idea of that space of duration which passed between some fixed period and the being of that thing.", "5. To die; to depart from life. Little used.", "6. To be in any state; to undergo; with under; as, to pass under the rod.", "7. To be enacted; to receive the sanction of a legislative house or body by a majority of votes.", "Neither of these bills has yet passed the house of commons.", "8. To be current; to gain reception or to be generally received. Bank bills pass as a substitute for coin.", "False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood.", "9. To be regarded; to be received in opinion or estimation.", "This will not pass for a fault in him, till it is proved to be one in us.", "10. To occur; to be present; to take place; as, to notice what passes in the mind.", "11. To be done.", "Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to defile them.", "12. To determine; to give judgment or sentence.", "Though well we may not pass upon his life.", "13. To thrust; to make a push in fencing or fighting.", "14. To omit; to suffer to go unheeded or neglected. We saw the act, but let it pass.", "15. To move through any duct or opening; as, substances in the stomach that will not pass, not be converted into ailment.", "16. To percolate; to be secreted; as juices that pass from the glands into the mouth.", "17. To be in a tolerable state.", "A middling sort of man was left well enough by his father to pass,but he could never think he had enough, so long as any had more.", "18. To be transferred from one owner to another. The land article passed by livery and seizin.", "19. To go beyond bounds. For this we generally use surpass.", "20. To run or extend; as a line or other thing. The north limit of Massachusetts passes three miles north of the Merrimac.", "To come to pass, to happen; to arrive; to come; to be; to exist; a phrase much used in the Scriptures.", "To pass away, to move from sight; to vanish.", "1. To be spent; to be lost.", "A good part of their lives passes away without thinking.", "To pass by, to move near and beyond. He passed by as we stood in the road.", "To pass on, to proceed.", "To pass over, to go or move from side to side; to cross; as, to pass over to the other side.", "To pass into, to unite and blend, as two substances or colors, in such a manner that it is impossible to tell where one ends and the other begins.", "P`ASS, v.t. To go beyond. The sun has passed the age of frivolousness.", "1. To go through or over; as, to pass a river.", "2. To spend; to live through; as, to pass time; to pass the night in revelry, and the day in sleep.", "3. To cause to move; to send; as, to pass the bottle from one guest to another; to pass a pauper from one town to another; to pass a rope round a yard; to pass the blood from the right to the left ventricle of the heart.", "4. To cause to move hastily.", "I had only time to pass my eye over the medals, which are in great number.", "5. To transfer from one owner to another; to sell or assign; as, to pass land from A to B by deed; to pass a note or bill.", "6. To strain; to cause to percolate; as, to pass wine through a filter.", "7. To utter; to pronounce; as, to pass compliments; to pass sentence or judgment; to pass censure on another's works.", "8. To procure or cause to go.", "Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.", "9. To put an end to.", "This night", "We'll pass the business privately and well.", "10. To omit; to neglect either to do or to mention.", "I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.", "11. To transcend; to transgress or go beyond; as, to pass the bounds of moderation.", "12. To admit; to allow; to approve and receive as valid or just; as, to pass an account at the war-office.", "13. To approve or sanction by a constitutional or legal majority of votes; as, the house of representatives passed the bill. Hence,", "14. To enact; to carry through all the forms necessary to give validity; as, the legislature passed the bill into a law.", "15. To impose fraudulently; as, she passed the child on her husband for a boy.", "16. To practice artfully; to cause to succeed; as, to pass a trick on one.", "17. To surpass; to excel; to exceed.", "18. To thrust; to make a push in fencing.", "To see thee fight, to see thee pass thy puncto.", "To pass away, to spend; to waste; as, to pass away the flower of like in idleness.", "To pass by, to pass near and beyond.", "1. To overlook; to excuse; to forgive; not to censure or punish; as, to pass by a crime or fault.", "2. To neglect; to disregard.", "Certain passages of Scripture we cannot pass by without injury to truth.", "To pass over, to move from side to side; to cross; as, to pass over a river or mountain.", "1. To omit; to overlook or disregard. He passed over one charge without a reply.", "P`ASS, n. A narrow passage, entrance or avenue; a narrow or difficult place of entrance and exit; as a pass between mountains.", "1. A passage; a road.", "2. Permission to pass, to go or to come; a license to pass; a passport.", "A gentleman had a pass to go beyond the seas.", "A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy.", "3. An order for sending vagrants or impotent persons to their place of abode.", "4. In fencing and fighting, a thrust; a push; attempt to stab or strike; as , to make a pass at an antagonist.", "5. State; condition or extreme case; extremity.", "To what a pass are our minds brought.", "Matters have been brought to this pass--"], "passing": ["P`ASSING, ppr. Moving; proceeding.", "1. a. Exceeding; surpassing; eminent.", "2. Adverbially used to enforce or enhance the meaning of another word; exceedingly; as passing fair; passing strange."], "passingly": ["P`ASSINGLY, adv. Exceedingly."], "passage": ["P`ASSAGE, n.", "1. The act of passing or moving by land or water, or through the air or other substance; as the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a fowl; the passage of light or a meteor; the passage of fluids through the pores of the body, or from the glands. Clouds intercept the passage of solar rays.", "2. The time of passing from one place to another. What passage had you? We had a passage of twenty five days to Havre de Grace, and of thirty eight days from England.", "3. Road; way; avenue; a place where men or things may pass or be conveyed.", "And with his pointed dart,", "Explores the nearest passage to this heart.", "4. Entrance or exit.", "What! are my doors opposed against my passage?", "5. Right of passing; as, to engage a passage on board a ship bound to India.", "6. Occurrence; event; incident; that which happens; as a remarkable passage in the life of Newton. See the Spanish verb, supra. This sense is obsolescent.", "7. A passing away; decay. Little used.", "8. Intellectual admittance; mental reception.", "Among whom I expect this treatise will have a fairer passage than among those deeply imbued with other principles.", "9. Manner of being conducted; management.", "On consideration of the conduct and passage of affairs in former times--", "10. Part of a book or writing; a single clause, place or part of indefinite extent.", "How commentators each dark passage shun.", "11. Enactment; the act of carrying through all the regular forms necessary to give validity; as the passage of a law, or of a bill into a law, by a legislative body.", "Bird of passage, a fowl that passes at certain seasons from one climate to another, as in autumn to the south to avoid the winter's cold, and in spring to the north for breeding. Hence the phrase is sometimes applied to a man who has no fixed residence."], "passager": ["P`ASSAGER, n. A traveler or voyager; one who passes or journeys on foot, in a vehicle, or in a ship or boat. This word is usually written corruptly passenger, and the first vowel is often short."], "passenger": ["P`ASSENGER, n. One who is traveling, as in a public coach, or in a ship, or on foot. This is the usual, though corrupt orthography.", "Passenger falcon, a kind of migratory hawk."], "passion": ["PAS'SION, n. L. passio, from patior, to suffer.", "1. The impression or effect of an external agent upon a body; that which is suffered or received.", "A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and when set in motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.", "2. Susceptibility of impressions from external agents.", "The differences of moldable and not moldable, &c., and many other passions of matter, are plebeian notions. Little used.", "3. Suffering; emphatically, the last suffering of the Savior.", "To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts 1.", "4. The feeling of the mind, or the sensible effect of impression; excitement, perturbation or agitation of mind; as desire, fear, hope,joy, grief,love, hatred. The eloquence of the orator is employed to move the passions.", "5. Violent agitation or excitement of mind, particularly such as is occasioned by an offense, injury or insult; hence, violent anger.", "6. Zeal; ardor; vehement desire.", "When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no passion for the glory of their country.", "7. Love.", "He owned his passion for Amestris.", "8. Eager desire; as a violent passion for fine clothes.", "PAS'SION, v.i. To be extremely agitated. Not used."], "passionate": ["PAS'SIONATE, a.", "1. Easily moved to anger; easily excited or agitated by injury or insult; applied to persons.", "Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.", "2. Highly excited; vehement; warm; applied to things; as passionate affection; passionate desire; passionate concern.", "3. Expressing strong emotion; animated; as passionate eloquence.", "PAS'SIONATE, v.t. To affect with passion; to express passionately. Not used."], "passionately": ["PAS'SIONATELY, adv. With passion; with strong feeling; ardently; vehemently; as, to covet any thing passionately; to be passionately fond.", "1. Angrily; with vehement resentment; as, to speak passionately."], "passionateness": ["PAS'SIONATENESS, n. State of being subject to passion or anger.", "1. Vehemence of mind."], "passioned": ["PAS'SIONED, a. Disordered; violently affected.", "1. Expressing passion."], "passover": ["P`ASSOVER, n. pass and over. A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the providential escape of the Hebrews, in Egypt, when God smiting the first-born of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites, which were marked with the blood of the paschal lamb.", "1. The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover."], "past": ["P`AST , pp. Gone by; done; accomplished; ended.", "1. Enacted; having received all the formalities necessary to constitute a law."], "paste": ["PASTE, n. L. pistus, or Gr. to sprinkle, or some root which signifies to mix and knead.", "1. A soft composition of substances, as flour moistened with water or milk and kneaded, or any kind of earth moistened and formed to the consistence of dough. Paste made of flour is used in cookery; paste made of flour or earth, is used in various arts and manufactures, as a cement.", "2. An artificial mixture in imitation of precious stones or gems, used in the glass trade.", "3. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.", "PASTE, v.t. To unite or cement with paste; to fasten with paste."], "pastor": ["P`ASTOR, n. L. from pasco, pastum, to feed.", "1. A shepherd; one that has the care of flocks and herds.", "2. A minister of the gospel who has the charge of a church and congregation, whose duty is to watch over the people of his charge, and instruct them in the sacred doctrines of the christian religion."], "pastoral": ["P`ASTORAL, a. L. pastoralis. Pertaining to shepherds; as a pastoral life; pastoral manners.", "1. Descriptive of the life of shepherds; as a pastoral poem.", "2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as pastoral care or duties; a pastoral letter.", "Piety is the life and soul of pastoral fidelity.", "P`ASTORAL, n. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds, or a poem in imitation of the action of a shepherd, and in which the speakers take upon themselves the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.", "A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life."], "pastorate": ["P`ASTORATE, n. The office, state or jurisdiction of a spiritual pastor."], "pasturable": ["P`ASTURABLE, a. from pasture. Fit for pasture."], "pasture": ["P`ASTURE, n. L. pasco, pastum, to feed.", "1. Grass for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.", "2. Ground covered with grass appropriated for the food or cattle. The farmer has a hundred acres of pasture. It is sometimes called pasture-land.", "3. Human culture; education. Not used.", "Common of pasture, is the right of feeding cattle on another's ground.", "P`ASTURE, v.t. To feed on grass or to supply grass for food. We apply the word to persons, as the farmer pastures fifty oxen; or to ground, as the land will pasture fifty oxen.", "P`ASTURE, v.i. To graze; to take food by eating grass from the ground."], "pate": ["PATE, n.", "1. The head, or rather the top of the head; applied to persons, it is now used in contempt or ridicule.", "2. The skin of a calf's head.", "3. In fortification, a kind of platform resembling what is called a horse shoe."], "pated": ["PA'TED, a. In composition, having a pate; as long-pated, cunning; shallow-pated, having weak intellect."], "path": ["P`ATH, n. plu. paths. Gr. to tread.", "1. A way beaten or trodden by the feet of man or beast, or made hard by wheels; that part of a highway on which animals or carriages ordinarily pass; applied to the ground only, and never to a paved street in a city.", "2. Any narrow way beaten by the foot.", "3. The way, course or track where a body moves in the atmosphere or in space; as the path of a planet or comet; the path of a meteor.", "4. A way or passage.", "5. Course of life.", "He marketh all my paths. Job.33.", "6. Precepts; rules prescribed.", "Uphold my going in thy paths. Ps.17.", "7. Course of providential dealings; moral government.", "All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth to such as keep his covenant. Ps.25.", "P`ATH, v.t. To make a path by treading; to beat a path, as in snow.", "To push forward; to cause to go; to make way for.", "P`ATH, v.i. To walk abroad."], "pathway": ["P`ATHWAY, n. A path;usually, a narrow way to be passed on foot.", "1. A way; a course of life. Prov.12."], "patience": ["PATIENCE, n. pa'shens. L. patientia, from patior, to suffer.", "1. The suffering of afflictions, pain, toil, calamity, provocation or other evil, with a calm, unruffled temper; endurance without murmuring or fretfulness. Patience may spring from constitutional fortitude, from a kind of heroic pride, or from christian submission to the divine will.", "2. A calm temper which bears evils without murmuring or discontent.", "3. The act or quality of waiting long for justice or expected good without discontent.", "Have patience with me,and I will pay thee all. Matt.18.", "4. Perseverance; constancy in labor or exertion.", "He learnt with patience, and with meekness taught.", "5. The quality of bearing offenses and injuries without anger or revenge.", "His rage was kindled and his patience gone.", "6. Sufferance; permission. Not used.", "7. A plant, a species of rumex of dock."], "patient": ["PATIENT, a. pa'shent. L. patiens.", "1. Having the quality of enduring evils without murmuring or fretfulness; sustaining afflictions of body or mind with fortitude, calmness or christian submission to the divine will; as a patient person, or a person of patient temper. It is followed by of before the evil endured; as patient of labor or pain; patient of heat or cold.", "2. Not easily provoked; calm under the sufferance of injuries or offenses; not revengeful.", "Be patient towards all men. 1 Thess.5.", "3. Persevering; constant in pursuit or exertion; calmly diligent.", "Whatever I have done is due to patient thought.", "4. Not hasty; not over eager or impetuous; waiting or expecting with calmness or without discontent.", "Not patient to expect the turns of fate."], "patiently": ["PA'TIENTLY, adv. With calmness or composure; without discontent or murmuring. Submit patiently to the unavoidable evils of life.", "1. With calm and constant diligence; as, to examine a subject patiently.", "2. Without agitation, uneasiness or discontent; without undue haste or eagerness; as, to wait patiently for more favorable events."], "patriarch": ["PA'TRIARCH, n. L. patriarcha; Gr. a family, father, and a chief.", "1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs by paternal right. It is usually applied to the progenitors of the Israelites, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the sons of Jacob, or to the heads of families before the flood; as the antediluvian patriarchs.", "2. A learned and distinguished character among the Jews.", "3. In the christian church, a dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Ephesus."], "patriarchic": ["PATRIARCH'IC, a. Belonging to patriarchs; possessed by patriarchs; as patriarchal power or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see.", "1. Subject to a patriarch; as a patriarchal church.", "Patriarchal cross, in heraldry, is that where the shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms being longer than the upper ones."], "patrimonial": ["PATRIMO'NIAL, a. Pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as a patrimonial estate."], "patrimonially": ["PATRIMO'NIALLY, adv. By inheritance."], "patrimony": ["PAT'RIMONY, n. L.patrimonium, from pater, father.", "1. A right or estate inherited from one's ancestors.", "2. A church estate or revenue; as St. Peter's patrimony."], "pattern": ["PAT'TERN, n.", "1. An original or model proposed for imitation; the archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be copies or imitated, either in things or in actions; as the pattern of a machine; a pattern of patience. Christ was the most perfect pattern of rectitude,patience and submission ever exhibited on earth.", "2. A specimen; a sample; a part showing the figure or quality of the whole;as a pattern of silk cloth.", "3. An instance; an example.", "4. Any thing cut of formed into the shape of something to be made after it.", "To pattern after, to imitate; to follow."], "pave": ["PAVE, v.t. L. pavio; Gr. to beat, to strike.", "1. To lay or cover with stone or brick so as to make a level or convenient surface for horses, carriages or foot passengers; to floor with brick or stone; as, to pave a street; to pave a side-walk; to pave a court or stable.", "2. To prepare a passage; to facilitate the introduction of. The invention of printing paved the way for intellectual improvement."], "paved": ["PA'VED, pp. Laid over with stones or bricks; prepared; as a way."], "paving": ["PA'VING, ppr. Flooring with stones or bricks.", "PA'VING, n. Pavement; a floor of stones or bricks."], "pavement": ["PA'VEMENT, n. L. pavimentum. A floor or covering consisting of stones or bricks, laid on the earth in such a manner as to make a hard and convenient passage; as a pavement of pebbles, of bricks, or of marble.", "PA'VEMENT, v.t. To pave; to floor with stone or brick. Unusual."], "pavilion": ["PAVILION, n. pavil'yun. L. papilio, a butterfly, and a pavilion.", "1. A tent; a temporary movable habitation.", "2. In architecture, a kind of turret or building, usually insulated and contained under a single roof; sometimes square and sometimes in the form of a dome. Sometimes a pavilion is a projecting part in the front of a building; sometimes it flanks a corner.", "3. In military affairs, a tent raised on posts. The word is sometimes used for a flag, colors, ensign or banner.", "4. In heraldry, a covering in form of a tent,investing the armories of kings.", "5. Among jewelers,the under side and corner of brilliants, lying between the girdle and collet."], "pavilioned": ["PAVIL'IONED, pp. Furnished with pavilions; sheltered by a tent."], "paw": ["PAW, n. L. pes, pedis; Eng. foot.", "1. The foot of beasts of prey having claws, as the lion, the tiger, the dog, cat, &c. Lev.11.", "2. The hand; in contempt."], "pawed": ["PAW'ED, a. Having paws.", "1. Broad footed."], "pay": ["PAY, v.t. pret. and pp. paid.", "1. To discharge a debt; to deliver to a creditor the value of the debt, either in money or goods, to his acceptance or satisfaction, by which the obligation of the debtor is discharged.", "2. To discharge a duty created by promise or by custom or by the moral law; as, to pay a debt of honor or of kindness.", "You have paid down", "More penitence,than done trespass.", "3. To fulfill; to perform what is promised; as, to pay one's vows.", "4. To render what is due to a superior, or demanded by civility or courtesy; as, to pay respect to a magistrate; to pay due honor to parents.", "5. To beat.", "For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you.", "6. To reward; to recompense; as, to pay for kindness with neglect.", "To pay for, to make amends; to atone by suffering. Men often pay for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with life.", "1. To give an equivalent for any thing purchased.", "To pay,or pay over, in seamen's language, to daub or besmear the surface of any body, to preserve it from injury by water or weather.", "To pay the bottom of a vessel, to cover it with a composition of tallow, sulphur, rosin, &c.; to bream.", "To pay a mast or yard, to besmear it with tar, turpentine, rosin, tallow or varnish.", "pay a seam, to pour melted pitch along it, so as to defend the oakum.", "To pay off; to make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off the crew of a ship.", "To pay out, to slacken, extend or cause to run out; as, to pay out more cable.", "PAY, v.i. To pay off,in seamen's language, is to fall to leeward, as the head of a ship.", "To pay on, to beat with vigor; to redouble blows. Colloquial.", "PAY, n. Compensation; recompense; an equivalent given for money due, goods purchased or services performed; salary or wages for services; hire. The merchant receives pay for goods sold; the soldier receives pay for his services,but the soldiers of the American revolution never received full pay.", "1. Compensation; reward.", "Here only merit constant pay receives--"], "payment": ["PA'YMENT, n. The act of paying, or giving compensation.", "1. The thing given in discharge of a debt or fulfillment of a promise.", "2. Reward; recompense.", "3. Chastisement; sound beating. Not used."], "peace": ["PEACE, n. L. pax, paco, to appease.", "1. In a general sense, a state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; applicable to society, to individuals, or to the temper of the mind.", "2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation; public quiet.", "3. Freedom from internal commotion or civil war.", "4. Freedom from private quarrels, suits or disturbance.", "5. Freedom from agitation or disturbance by the passions, as from fear, terror, anger, anxiety or the like; quietness of mind; tranquillity; calmness; quiet of conscience.", "Great peace have they that love the law. Ps.119.", "6. Heavenly rest; the happiness of heaven.", "7. Harmony; concord; a state of reconciliation between parties at variance.", "8. Public tranquillity; that quiet,order and security which is guaranteed by the laws; as, to keep the peace; to break the peace.", "This word is used in commanding silence or quiet; as, peace to this troubled soul.", "Peace, the lovers are asleep.", "To be at peace, to be reconciled; to live in harmony.", "To make peace, to reconcile, as parties at variance.", "To hold the peace, to be silent; to suppress one's thoughts; not to speak."], "peaceful": ["PE'ACEFUL, a. Quiet; undisturbed; not in a state of war or commotion; as a peaceful time; a peaceful country.", "1. Pacific; mild; calm; as peaceful words; a peaceful temper.", "2. Removed from noise or tumult; still; undisturbed; as the peaceful cottage; the peaceful scenes of rural life."], "peacefulness": ["PE'ACEFULNESS, n. Quiet; freedom from war, tumult, disturbance or discord.", "1. Freedom from mental perturbation; as peacefulness of mind."], "peaceable": ["PE'ACEABLE, a. Free from war, tumult or public commotion. We live in peaceable times. The reformation was introduced in a peaceable manner.", "1. Free from private feuds or quarrels. The neighbors are peaceable. These men are peaceable.", "2. Quiet; undisturbed; not agitated with passion. His mind is very peaceable.", "3. Not violent, bloody or unnatural; as, to die a peaceable death."], "peaceableness": ["PE'ACEABLENESS, n. The state of being peaceable; quietness.", "1. Disposition to peace."], "peaceably": ["PE'ACEABLY, adv. Without war; without tumult or commotion; without private feuds and quarrels.", "1. Without disturbance; quietly; without agitation; without interruption."], "peacemaker": ["PE'ACEMAKER, n. One who makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance.", "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God. Matt.5."], "peacock": ["PE'ACOCK, n. L. pavo. A large and beautiful fowl of the genus Pavo, properly the male of the species, but in usage the name is applied to the species in general. The feathers of this fowl's tail are very long, and variegated with rich and elegant colors. The peacock is a native of India."], "pearl": ["PEARL, n. perl.", "1. A white, hard, smooth, shining body, usually roundish, found in a testaceous fish of the oyster kind. The pearl-shell is called matrix perlarum, mother of pearl, and the pearl is found only in the softer part of the animal. It is found in the Persian seas and in many parts of the ocean which washes the shores of Arabia and the continent and isles of Asia, and is taken by divers. Pearls are of different sizes and colors; the larger ones approach to the figure of a pear; some have been found more than an inch in length. They are valued according to their size, their roundness, and their luster or purity, which appears in a silvery brightness.", "2. Poetically, something round and clear, as a drop of water or dew.", "3. A white speck of film growing on the eye.", "PEARL,v.t. perl. To set or adorn with pearls.", "PEARL, v.i. perl. To resemble pearls."], "pearled": ["PEARLED, a. perl'ed. Set or adorned with pearls."], "peculiar": ["PECU'LIAR, a. L. peculiaris, from peculium, one's own property, from pecus, cattle.", "1. Appropriate; belonging to a person and to him only. Almost every writer has a peculiar style. Most men have manners peculiar to themselves.", "2. Singular; particular. The man has something peculiar in his deportment.", "3. Particular; special.", "My fate is Juno's most peculiar care.", "Most cannot, in strict propriety, be prefixed to peculiar, but it is used to give emphasis to the word.", "4. Belonging to a nation,system or other thing, and not to others.", "PECU'LIAR, n. Exclusive property; that which belongs to a person in exclusion of others.", "1. In the canon law, a particular parish or church which has the probate of wills within itself, exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary or bishop's court.", "Court of peculiars, in England, is a branch of the court of arches. It has jurisdiction over all the parishes dispersed through the province of Canterbury, in the midst of other dioceses, which are exempt from the ordinary jurisdiction, and subject to the metropolitan only."], "peculiarity": ["PECULIAR'ITY, n. Something peculiar to a person or thing; that which belongs to or is found in one person or thing and in no other; as a peculiarity of style or manner of thinking; peculiarity in dress."], "peculiarize": ["PECU'LIARIZE, v.t. To appropriate; to make peculiar."], "peculiarness": ["PECU'LIARNESS, n. The state of being peculiar; appropriation. Little used."], "pedigree": ["PED'IGREE, n. probably from L. pes,pedis, foot.", "1. Lineage; line of ancestors from which a person or tribe descends; genealogy.", "Alterations of surnames--have obscured the truth of our pedigrees.", "2. An account or register of a line of ancestors.", "The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their several tribes."], "peel": ["PEEL, v.t. L. pilo, to pull off hair and to pillage; pilus, the hair.", "1. To strip off skin, bark or rind without a cutting instrument; to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin; to bark; to flay; to decorticate. When a knife is used, we call it paring. Thus we say, to peel a tree, to peel an orange; but we say, to pare an apple to pare land.", "2. In a general sense, to remove the skin, bark or rind, even with an instrument.", "3. To strip; to plunder; to pillage; as, to peel a province or conquered people.", "PEEL, n. L. pellis. The skin or rind of any thing; as the peel of an orange.", "PEEL, n. L. pala; pello; Eng. shovel, from shove; or from spreading. A kind of wooden shovel used by bakers, with a broad palm and long handle; hence, in popular use in America, any large fire-shovel."], "peeled": ["PEE'LED, pp. Stripped of skin, bark or rind; plundered; pillaged."], "peeling": ["PEE'LING, ppr. Stripping off skin or bark; plundering."], "peep": ["PEEP, v.i. L. pipio; Heb. to cry out.", "1. To begin to appear; to make the first appearance; to issue or come forth from concealment, as through a narrow avenue.", "I can see his pride", "Peep through each part of him.", "When flowers first peeped--", "2. To look through a crevice; to look narrowly, closely or slyly.", "A fool will peep in at the door.", "Thou are a maid and must not peep.", "3. To cry, as chickens; to utter a fine shrill sound, as through a crevice; usually written pip, but without reason, as it is the same word as is here defined, and in America is usually pronounced peep.", "PEEP, n. First appearance; as the peep of day.", "1. A sly look, or a look through a crevice.", "2. The cry of a chicken."], "pelican": ["PEL'ICAN, n. Low L. pelicanus.", "1. A fowl of the genus Pelicanus. It is larger than the swan, and remarkable for its enormous bill, to the lower edges of the under chop of which is attached a pouch or bag, capable of being distended so as to hold many quarts of water. In this bag the fowl deposits the fish is takes for food.", "2. A chimical glass vessel or alembic with a tubulated capital, from which two opposite and crooked beaks pass out and enter again at the belly of the cucurbit. It is designed for continued distillation and cohobation; the volatile parts of the substance distilling, rising into the capital and returning through the beaks into the cucurbit."], "pen": ["PEN, n. L. penna; pinna, a fin, that is, a shoot or point.", "1. An instrument used for writing, usually made of the quill of some large fowl, but it may be of any other material.", "2. A feather, a wing. Not used.", "PEN, v.t. pret. and pp. penned. To write; to compose and commit to paper.", "PEN, n. A small inclosure for beasts, as for cows or sheep.", "PEN, v.t. pret. and pp. penned or pent. To shut in a pen; to confine in a small inclosure; to coop; to confine in a narrow place, usually followed by up, which is redundant."], "penned": ["PEN'NED, pp. Written.", "PEN'NED, a. Winged; having plumes."], "penning": ["PEN'NING, ppr. Committing to writing."], "pence": ["PENCE, n. pens. The plural of penny, when used of a sum of money or value. When pieces of coin are mentioned, we use pennies."], "penknife": ["PEN'KNIFE, n. See Pen and Knife. A small knife used for making and mending pens."], "penny": ["PEN'NY, n. plu. pennies or pence. Pennies denotes the number of coins; pence the amount of pennies in value.", "1. An ancient English silver coin; but now an imaginary money of account, twelve of which are equal to a shilling. It is the radical denomination from which English coin is numbered.", "2. In ancient English statutes, any or all silver money.", "3. Proverbially, a small sum. He will not lend a penny.", "4. Money in general.", "Be sure to turn the penny."], "pennyworth": ["PEN'NYWORTH, n. As much as is bought for a penny.", "1. Any purchase; any thing bought or sold for money; that which is worth the money given.", "2. A good bargain; something advantageously purchased, or for less than it is worth.", "3. A small quantity."], "pentecost": ["PEN'TECOST,n. Gr. fiftieth.", "1. A solemn festival of the Jews, so called because celebrated on the fiftieth day after the sixteenth of Nisan, which was the second day of the passover. It was called the feast of weeks, because it was celebrated seven weeks after the passover. It was instituted to oblige the people to repair to the temple of the Lord,there to acknowledge his absolute dominion over the country, and offer him the first fruits of their harvest; also that they might call to mind and give thanks to God for the law which he had given them at Sinai on the fiftieth day from their departure from Egypt.", "2. Whitsuntide, a solemn feast of the church, held in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. Acts.2."], "pentecostal": ["PEN'TECOSTAL, a. Pertaining to Whitsuntide."], "pentecostals": ["PENTECOS'TALS, n. Oblations formerly made by parishioners to the parish priest at the feast of Pentecost, and sometimes by inferior churches to the mother church."], "penurious": ["PENU'RIOUS, a. L.penuria, scarcity, want; Gr. poor; rare.", "1. Excessively saving or sparing in the use of money; parsimonious to a fault; sordid; as a penurious man. It expresses somewhat less than niggardly.", "2. Scanty; affording little; as a penurious spring."], "penuriously": ["PENU'RIOUSLY, adv. In a saving or parsimonious manner; with scanty supply."], "penury": ["PEN'URY, n. L. penuria, from Gr. needy.", "Want of property; indigence; extreme poverty.", "All innocent they were exposed to hardship and penury."], "people": ["PEOPLE, n. L. populus.", "1. The body of persons who compose a community, town, city or nation. We say, the people of a town; the people of London or Paris; the English people. In this sense, the word is not used in the plural, but it comprehends all classes of inhabitants, considered as a collective body, or any portion of the inhabitants of a city or country.", "2. The vulgar; the mass of illiterate persons.", "The knowing artist may judge better than the people.", "3. The commonalty, as distinct from men of rank.", "Myself shall mount the rostrum in his favor,", "And strive to gain his pardon from the people.", "4. Persons of a particular class; a part of a nation or community; as country people.", "5. Persons in general; any persons indefinitely; like on in French, and man in Saxon.", "People were tempted to lend by great premiums and large interest.", "6. A collection or community of animals.", "The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer. Prov.30.", "7. When people signified a separate nation or tribe, it has the plural number.", "Thou must prophesy again before many peoples. Rev.10.", "8. In Scripture, fathers or kindred. Gen.25.", "9. The Gentiles.", "--To him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen.49.", "PEOPLE, v.t. To stock with inhabitants. Emigrants from Europe have peopled the United States."], "peopled": ["PEOPLED, pp. Stocked or furnished with inhabitants."], "peopling": ["PEOPLING, ppr. Stocking with inhabitants."], "peradventure": ["PERADVENT'URE, adv. L. venio, to come. By chance; perhaps; it may be.", "It has been used as a noun for doubt or question, but rather improperly. The word is obsolescent and inelegant."], "perceivable": ["PERCE'IVABLE, a. See Perceive. Perceptible; that may be perceived; that may fall under perception or the cognizance of the senses; that may be felt, seen, heard, smelt or tasted. We say, the roughness of cloth is perceivable; the dawn of the morning is perceivable; the sound of a bell is perceivable; the scent of an orange is perceivable; the difference of taste in an apple and an orange is perceivable.", "1. That may be known,understood or conceived. Less proper."], "perceivably": ["PERCE'IVABLY, adv. In such a manner as to be perceived."], "perceivance": ["PERCE'IVANCE, n. Power of perceiving. Not in use."], "perceive": ["PERCE'IVE, v.t. L. percipio; per and capio, to take.", "1. To have knowledge or receive impressions of external objects through the medium or instrumentality of the senses or bodily organs; as, to perceive light or color; to perceive the cold or ice or the taste of honey.", "2. To know; to understand; to observe.", "Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our own understanding, we are in the dark.", "3. To be affected by; to receive impressions from.", "The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter of tempests before the air below."], "perceived": ["PERCE'IVED, pp. Known by the senses; felt; understood; observed."], "perceiver": ["PERCE'IVER, n. One who perceives, feels or observes."], "perdition": ["PERDI'TION, n. L. perditio, from perdo, to lose, to ruin.", "1. Entire loss or ruin; utter destruction; as the perdition of the Turkish fleet.", "In this sense, the word is now nearly or wholly obsolete.", "2. The utter loss of the soul or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death. The impenitent sinner is condemned to final perdition.", "If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition.", "3. Loss. Not used."], "perfect": ["PER'FECT, a. L. perfectus, perficio, to complete; per and facio, to do or make through, to carry to the end.", "1. Finished; complete; consummate; not defective; having all that is requisite to its nature and kind; as a perfect statue; a perfect likeness; a perfect work; a perfect system.", "As full, as perfect in a hair as heart.", "2. Fully informed; completely skilled; as men perfect in the use of arms; perfect in discipline.", "3. Complete in moral excellencies.", "Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father who is in heaven is perfect. Matt.5.", "4. Manifesting perfection.", "My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor.12.", "Perfect chord,in music, a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the fifth and the octave; a perfect consonance.", "A perfect flower, in botany, has both stamen and pistil, or at least another and stigma.", "Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit tense; a tense which expresses an act completed.", "PER'FECT, v.t. L. perfectus, perficio. To finish or complete so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to any thing all that is requisite to its nature and kind; as, to perfect a picture or statue. 2 Chron.8.", "-Inquire into the nature and properties of things, and thereby perfect our ideas of distinct species.", "If we love one another, God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us. 1 John 4.", "1. To instruct fully; to make fully skillful; as, to perfect one's self in the rules of music or architecture; to perfect soldiers in discipline."], "perfected": ["PER'FECTED, pp. Finished; completed."], "perfecter": ["PER'FECTER, n. One that makes perfect."], "perfectibility": ["PERFECTIBIL'ITY, n. from perfectible.", "The capacity of becoming or being made perfect."], "perfectible": ["PERFECT'IBLE, a. Capable of becoming or being made perfect, or of arriving at the utmost perfection of the species."], "perfecting": ["PER'FECTING, ppr. Finishing; completing; consummating."], "perfection": ["PERFEC'TION, n. L. perfectio. The state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; as perfection in an art or science; perfection in a system of morals.", "1. Physical perfection, is when a natural object has all its powers, faculties or qualities entire and in full vigor, and all its parts in due proportion.", "2. Metaphysical or transcendental perfection, is the possession of all the essential attributes or all the parts necessary to the integrity of a substance. This is absolute,where all defect is precluded, such as the perfection of God; or according to its kind, as in created things.", "3. Moral perfection, is the complete possession of all moral excellence, as in the Supreme Being; or the possession of such moral qualities and virtues as a thing is capable of.", "4. A quality, endowment or acquirement completely excellent, or of great worth.", "In this sense, the word has a plural.", "What tongue can her perfections tell?", "5. An inherent or essential attribute of supreme or infinite excellence; or one perfect in its kind; as the perfections of God. The infinite power, holiness,justice, benevolence and wisdom of God are denominated his perfections.", "6. Exactness; as, to imitate a model to perfection."], "perfectional": ["PERFEC'TIONAL, a. Made complete."], "perfective": ["PERFECT'IVE, a. Conducing to make perfect or bring to perfection; followed by of.", "Praise and adoration are actions perfective of the soul."], "perfectively": ["PERFECT'IVELY, adv. In a manner that brings to perfection."], "perfectness": ["PER'FECTNESS, n. Completeness; consummate excellence; perfection.", "1. The highest degree of goodness or holiness of which man is capable in this life.", "And above all things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness. Col.3.", "2. Accurate skill."], "perfectly": ["PER'FECTLY, adv. In the highest degree of excellence.", "1. Totally; completely; as work perfectly executed or performed; a thing perfectly new.", "2. Exactly; accurately; as a proposition perfectly understood."], "perform": ["PERFORM', v.t. L. per and formo, to make.", "1. To do; to execute; to accomplish; as, to perform two days' labor in one day; to perform a noble deed or achievement.", "2. To execute; to discharge; as, to perform a duty or office.", "3. To fulfill; as, to perform a covenant, promise or contract; to perform a vow.", "PERFORM', v.i. To do; to act a part. The player performs well in different characters. The musician performs well on the organ."], "performable": ["PERFORM'ABLE, a. That may be done, executed or fulfilled; practicable."], "performance": ["PERFORM'ANCE, n. Execution or completion of any thing; a doing; as the performance of work or of an undertaking; the performance of duty.", "1. Action; deed; thing done.", "2. The acting or exhibition of character on the state. Garrick was celebrated for his theatrical performances.", "3. Composition; work written.", "Few of our comic performances give good examples.", "4. The acting or exhibition of feats; as performances of horsemanship."], "performed": ["PERFORM'ED, pp. Done; executed; discharged."], "performer": ["PERFORM'ER, n. One that performs any thing,particularly in an art; as a good performer on the violin or organ; a celebrated performer in comedy or tragedy, or in the circus."], "performing": ["PERFORM'ING, ppr. Doing; executing; accomplishing.", "PERFORM'ING, n. Act done; deed; act of executing."], "perfume": ["PERFU'ME, n. L. per and fumus, smoke, or fumo, to fumigate.", "1. A substance that emits a scent or odor which affects agreeably the organs of smelling, as musk, civet, spices or aromatics of any kind; or any composition of aromatic substances.", "2. The scent, odor or volatile particles emitted from sweet smelling substances.", "No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field.", "PERFU'ME, v.t. To scent; to fill or impregnate with a grateful odor; as, to perfume an apartment; to perfume a garment.", "And Carmel's flower top perfumes the skies."], "perfumed": ["PERFU'MED, pp. Scented; impregnated with fragrant odors."], "perfumer": ["PERFU'MER, n. He or that which perfumes.", "1. One whose trade is to see perfumes."], "perfuming": ["PERFU'MING, ppr. Scenting; impregnating with sweet odors."], "perhaps": ["PERHAPS', adv. per and hap. See Happen. By chance; it may be.", "Perhaps her love, perhaps her kingdom charmed him."], "peril": ["PER'IL, n. L. periculum, from Gr. to try, to attempt, that is, to strain; an attempt, danger, hazard; to pass, to thrust in or transfix; L. experior; Eng. experience.", "1. Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; particular exposure of person or property to injury,loss or destruction from any cause whatever.", "In perils of waters; in perils of robbers. 2 Cor.11.", "2. Danger denounced; particular exposure; You do it at your peril, or at the peril of your father's displeasure.", "PER'IL, v.i. To be in danger. Not used."], "perilous": ["PER'ILOUS, a. Dangerous; hazardous; full of risk; as a perilous undertaking; a perilous situation.", "1. Vulgarly used for very, like mighty; as perilous shrewd.", "2. Smart; witty; as a perilous parlous boy.", "Vulgar and obsolete."], "perilously": ["PER'ILOUSLY, adv. Dangerously; with hazard."], "perilousness": ["PER'ILOUSNESS, n. Dangerousness; danger; hazard."], "perish": ["PER'ISH, v.i.L. pereo, supposed to be compounded of per and eo, to go; literally, to depart wholly.", "1. To die; to lose life in any manner; applied to animals. Men perish by disease or decay, by the sword, by drowning, by hunger or famine, &c.", "2. To die; to wither and decay; applied to plants.", "3. To waste away; as, a leg or an arm has perished.", "4. To be in a state of decay or passing away.", "Duration, and time which is part of it, is the idea we have of perishing distance.", "5. To be destroyed; to come to nothing.", "Perish the lore that deadens young desire.", "6. To fail entirely or to be extirpated. 2 Kings.9.", "7. To be burst or ruined; as, the bottles shall perish.", "Luke 5.", "8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jer.9.", "9. To be injured or tormented. 1 Cor.8.", "10. To be lost eternally; to be sentenced to endless misery. 2 Pet.2.", "PER'ISH, v.t. To destroy. Not legitimate."], "perishable": ["PER'ISHABLE, a. Liable to perish; subject to decay and destruction. The bodies of animals and plants are perishable. The souls of men are not perishable.", "1. Subject to speedy decay.", "Property of a perishable nature saved from a wreck, may be sold within a year and a day."], "perishableness": ["PER'ISHABLENESS, n. Liableness to decay or destruction."], "perjure": ["PERJURE, v.t. per'jur. L. perjuro; per and juro, to swear; that is, to swear aside or beyond. Willfully to make a false oath when administered by lawful authority or in a court of justice; to forswear; as, the witness perjured himself."], "perjured": ["PER'JURED, pp. Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely."], "perjurer": ["PER'JURER, n. One that willfully takes a false oath lawfully administered."], "perjuring": ["PER'JURING, ppr. Taking a false oath lawfully administered."], "permissible": ["PERMIS'SIBLE, a. See Permit. That may be permitted or allowed."], "permission": ["PERMIS'SION, n. L.permissio, from permitto, to permit.", "1. The act of permitting or allowing.", "2. Allowance; license or liberty granted.", "You have given me your permission for this address."], "permissive": ["PERMIS'SIVE, a. Granting liberty; allowing.", "1. Granted; suffered without hinderance.", "Thus I emboldened spake,and freedom used", "Permissive,and acceptance found."], "permissively": ["PERMIS'SIVELY, adv. By allowance; without prohibition or hinderance."], "permit": ["PERMIT', v.t. L. permitto; per and mitto, to send.", "1. To allow; to grant leave or liberty to by express consent. He asked my leave and I permitted him.", "2. To allow by silent consent or by not prohibiting; to suffer without giving express authority. The laws permit us to do what is not expressly or impliedly forbid.", "What God neither commands nor forbids, he permits with approbation to be done or left undone.", "3. To afford ability or means. Old age does not permit us to retain the vigor of youth. The man's indigence does not permit him to indulge in luxuries.", "4. To leave; to give or resign.", "Let us not aggravate our sorrows,", "But to the gods permit the event of things.", "The latter sense is obsolete or obsolescent.", "PERMIT', n. A written license or permission from the custom house officer or other proper authority, to export or transport goods or to land goods or persons.", "1. Warrant; leave; permission."], "pernicious": ["PERNI'CIOUS, a. L. perniciosus, from pernicies; perneco, to kill; per and nex, necis,death.", "1. Destructive; having the quality of killing, destroying or injuring; very injurious or mischievous. Food, drink or air may be pernicious to life or health.", "2. Destructive; tending to injure or destroy. Evil examples are pernicious to morals. Intemperance is a pernicious vice.", "3. L. pernix. Quick. Not used."], "perniciously": ["PERNI'CIOUSLY, adv. Destructively; with ruinous tendency or effects."], "perniciousness": ["PERNI'CIOUSNESS, n. The quality of being very injurious, mischievous or destructive."], "perpetual": ["PERPET'UAL, a. L. perpetuus, from perpes, perpetis; per and pes, from a root signifying to pass.", "1. Never ceasing; continuing forever in future time; destined to be eternal; as a perpetual covenant; a perpetual statute.", "Literally true with respect to the decrees of the Supreme Being.", "2. Continuing or continued without intermission; uninterrupted; as a perpetual stream; the perpetual action of the heart and arteries.", "3. Permanent; fixed; not temporary; as a perpetual law or edict; perpetual love or amity, perpetual incense. Ex.30.", "4. Everlasting; endless.", "Destructions are come to a perpetual end. Ps.9.", "5. During the legal dispensation. Ex.29.", "Perpetual curacy, is where all the tithes are appropriated and no vicarage is endowed.", "Perpetual motion, motion that generates a power of continuing itself forever or indefinitely, by means of mechanism or some application of the force of gravity; not yet discovered,and probably impossible.", "Perpetual screw, a screw that acts against the teeth of a wheel and continues its action without end."], "perpetually": ["PERPET'UALLY, adv. Constantly; continually; applied to things which proceed without intermission, or which occur frequently or at intervals, without limitation. A perennial spring flows perpetually; the weather varies perpetually.", "The Bible and common prayer book in the vulgar tongue, being perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for language."], "perpetuate": ["PERPET'UATE, v.t. L. perpetuo. To make perpetual; to eternize.", "1. To cause to endure or to be continued indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; as, to perpetuate the remembrance of a great event or of an illustrious character. The monument in London perpetuates the remembrance of the conflagration in 1666. Medals may perpetuate the glories of a prince.", "2. To continue by repetition without limitation."], "perpetuated": ["PERPET'UATED, pp. Made perpetual; continued through eternity, or for an indefinite time."], "perpetuating": ["PERPET'UATING, ppr. Continuing forever or indefinitely."], "perpetuation": ["PERPETUA'TION, n. The act of making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction or oblivion through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time."], "perpetuity": ["PERPETU'ITY, n. L.perpetuitas. Endless duration; continuance to eternity.", "1. Continued uninterrupted existence, or duration for an indefinite period of time; as the perpetuity of laws and institutions; the perpetuity of fame.", "2. Something of which there will be no end."], "perplex": ["PERPLEX', v.t. L. perplexus, perplexor; per and plector, to twist; L. plico, to fold.", "1. To make intricate; to involve; to entangle; to make complicated and difficult to be understood or unraveled.", "What was thought obscure,perplexed and too hard for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view.", "2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to tease with suspense, anxiety or ambiguity.", "We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to perplex the mind.", "We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor. 4.", "3. To plague; to vex.", "PERPLEX', a. Intricate; difficult. Not used."], "perplexed": ["PERPLEX'ED, pp. Made intricate; embarrassed; puzzled."], "persecute": ["PER'SECUTE, v.t. L. persequor; per and sequor, to pursue. See Seek and Essay.", "1. In a general sense, to pursue in a manner to injure, vex or afflict; to harass with unjust punishment or penalties for supposed offenses; to inflict pain from hatred or malignity.", "2. Appropriately, to afflict, harass, or destroy for adherence to a particular creed or system of religious principles, or to a mode of worship. Thus Nero persecuted the Christians by crucifying some, burning others, and condemning others to be worried by dogs. See Acts.22.", "3. To harass with solicitations or importunity."], "persecuted": ["PER'SECUTED, pp. Harassed by troubles or punishments unjustly inflicted, particularly for religious opinions."], "persecuting": ["PER'SECUTING, ppr. Pursuing with enmity or vengeance, particularly for adhering to a particular religion."], "persecution": ["PERSECU'TION, n. The act or practice of persecuting; the infliction of pain, punishment or death upon others unjustly, particularly for adhering to a religious creed or mode of worship, either by way of penalty or for compelling them to renounce their principles. Historians enumerate ten persecutions suffered by the Christians, beginning with that of Nero, A.D. 31, and ending with that of Diocletian, A.D. 303 to 313.", "1. The state of being persecuted.", "Our necks are under persecution; we labor and have no rest. Lam.5."], "persecutor": ["PER'SECUTOR, n. One that persecutes; one that pursues another unjustly and vexatiously, particularly on account of religious principles.", "Henry rejected the pope's supremacy, but retained every corruption beside, and became a cruel persecutor."], "perseverance": ["PERSEVE'RANCE, n. L. perseverantia. See Persevere.", "1. Persistence in any thing undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business or enterprise begun; applied alike to good or evil.", "Perseverance keeps honor bright.", "Patience and perseverance overcome the greatest difficulties.", "2. In theology, continuance in a state of grace to a state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance."], "perseverant": ["PERSEVE'RANT, a. Constant in pursuit of an undertaking. Not used."], "persevere": ["PERSEVE'RE, v.i. L.persevero. The last component part of this word, severo,must be the same as in assevero, with the radical sense of set, fixed or continued. So persist is formed with per and sisto, to stand. Constant and continue have a like primary sense. So we say, to hold on.", "To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any design or course commenced; not to give over or abandon what is undertaken; applied alike to good and evil.", "Thrice happy, if they know", "Their happiness, and persevere upright!", "To persevere in any evil course, makes you unhappy in this life."], "person": ["PERSON, n. per'sn. L. persona; said to be compounded of per, through or by, and sonus, sound; a Latin word signifying primarily a mask used by actors on the state.", "1. An individual human being consisting of body and soul. We apply the word to living beings only, possessed of a rational nature; the body when dead is not called a person. It is applied alike to a man, woman or child.", "A person is a thinking intelligent being.", "2. A man, woman or child, considered as opposed to things, or distinct from them.", "A zeal for persons is far more easy to be perverted, than a zeal for things.", "3. A human being, considered with respect to the living body or corporeal existence only. The form of her person is elegant.", "You'll find her person difficult to gain.", "The rebels maintained the fight for a small time, and for their persons showed no want of courage.", "4. A human being, indefinitely; one; a man. Let a person's attainments be never so great, he should remember he is frail and imperfect.", "5. A human being represented in dialogue, fiction, or on the state; character. A player appears in the person of king Lear.", "These tables, Cicero pronounced under the person of Crassus, were of more use and authority than all the books of the philosophers.", "6. Character of office.", "How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate and that of a friend.", "7. In grammar, the nominative to a verb; the agent that performs or the patient that suffers any thing affirmed by a verb; as, I write; he is smitten; she is beloved; the rain descends in torrents. I, thou or you, he, she or it, are called the first, second and third persons. Hence we apply the word person to the termination or modified form of the verb used in connection with the persons; as the first or the third person of the verb; the verb is in the second person.", "8. In law, an artificial person, is a corporation or body politic.", "In person, by one's self; with bodily presence; not be representative.", "The king in person visits all around."], "personable": ["PER'SONABLE, a. Having a well formed body or person; graceful; of good appearance; as a personable man or woman.", "1. In law, enabled to maintain pleas in court.", "2. Having capacity to take any thing granted or given.", "The two latter senses, I believe, are little used."], "personal": ["PER'SONAL, a. L. personalis. Belonging to men or women, not to things; not real.", "Every man so termed by way of personal difference only.", "1. Relating to an individual; affecting individuals; peculiar or proper to him or her, or to private actions or character.", "The words are conditional; if thou doest well; and so personal to Cain.", "Character and success depend more on personal effort than on any external advantages.", "So we speak of personal pride, personal reflections.", "2. Pertaining to the corporal nature; exterior; corporal; as personal charms or accomplishments.", "3. Present in person; not acting by representative; as a personal interview.", "The immediate and personal speaking of God almighty to Abraham, Job and Moses.", "Personal estate, in law, movables; chattels; things belonging to the person; as money, jewels, furniture, &c. as distinguished from real estate in land and houses.", "Personal action, in law, a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property; an action founded on contract or on tort or wrong; as an action on a debt or promise, or an action for a trespass, assault or defamatory words; opposed to real actions, or such as concern real property.", "Personal identity, in metaphysics, sameness of being, of which consciousness is the evidence.", "Personal verb, in grammar, a verb conjugated in the three persons; thus called in distinction from an impersonal verb, which has the third person only.", "PER'SONAL, n. A movable. Not in use."], "personality": ["PERSONAL'ITY, n. That which constitutes an individual a distinct person, or that which constitutes individuality.", "The personality of an intelligent being extends itself beyond present existence to what is past, only by consciousness--", "1. Direct application or applicability to a person; as the personality of a remark."], "personally": ["PER'SONALLY, adv. In person; by bodily presence; not by representative or substitute; as, to be personally present; to deliver a letter personally. They personally declared their assent to the measure.", "1. With respect to an individual; particularly.", "She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally to the king.", "2. With regard to numerical existence.", "The converted man is personally the same he was before."], "personate": ["PER'SONATE, v.t. To represent by a fictitious or assumed character so as to pass for the person represented.", "1. To represent by action or appearance; to assume the character and act the part of another.", "2. To pretend hypocritically. Little used.", "3. To counterfeit; to feign; as a personated devotion.", "4. To resemble.", "The lofty cedar personates thee.", "5. To make a representation of, as in picture.", "6. To describe.", "7. To celebrate loudly. L. persono. Not used.", "PER'SONATE, a. L. persona, a mask. Masked. A personate corol is irregular and closed by a kind of palate; or ringent, but closed between the lips by the palate."], "personation": ["PERSONA'TION, n. The counterfeiting of the person and character of another."], "personator": ["PER'SONATOR, n. One who assumes the character of another.", "1. One that acts or performs."], "personize": ["PER'SONIZE, v.t. To personify. Not much used."], "persuadable": ["PERSUA'DABLE, a. See Persuade. That may be persuaded."], "persuadably": ["PERSUA'DABLY, adv. So as to be persuaded."], "persuade": ["PERSUA'DE, v.t. L. persuadeo; per and suadeo, to urge or incite.", "1. To influence by argument, advice, intreaty or expostulation; to draw or incline the will to a determination by presenting motives to the mind.", "I should be glad, if I could persuade him to write such another critick on any thing of mine.", "Almost thou persuadest me to be a christian. Acts.26.", "2. To convince by argument, or reasons offered; or to convince by reasons suggested by reflection or deliberation, or by evidence presented in any manner to the mind.", "Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Heb.6.", "3. To inculcate by argument or expostulation. Little used.", "4. To treat by persuasion. Not in use."], "persuaded": ["PERSUA'DED, pp. Influenced or drawn to an opinion or determination by argument, advice or reasons suggested; convinced; induced."], "persuader": ["PERSUA'DER, n. One that persuades or influences another.", "1. That which incites.", "Hunger and thirst at once.", "Powerful persuaders!"], "persuading": ["PERSUA'DING, ppr. Influencing by motives presented."], "persuasibility": ["PERSUASIBIL'ITY, n. Capability of being persuaded."], "persuasible": ["PERSUA'SIBLE, a. L. persuasibilis.", "That may be persuaded or influenced by reasons offered."], "persuasibleness": ["PERSUA'SIBLENESS, n. The quality of being influenced by persuasion."], "persuasion": ["PERSUA'SION, n. s as z. L. persuasio.", "1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by any thing that moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a determination.", "For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion.", "2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or conviction proceeding from arguments and reasons offered by others, or suggested by one's own reflections.", "When we have no other certainty of being in the right, but our own persuasion that we are so--", "3. A creed or belief; or a sect or party adhering to a creed or system of opinions; as men of the same persuasion; all persuasions concur in the measure."], "persuasive": ["PERSUA'SIVE, a. Having the power of persuading; influencing the mind or passions; as persuasive eloquence; persuasive evidence."], "persuasively": ["PERSUA'SIVELY, adv. In such a manner as to persuade or convince."], "persuasiveness": ["PERSUA'SIVENESS, n. The quality of having influence on the mind or passions."], "pertain": ["PERTA'IN, v.i. L. pertineo, per and tenco, to hold.", "1. To belong; to be the property, right or duty of.", "Men hate those who affect honor by ambition, which pertaineth not to them.", "He took the fortified cities which pertained to Judah. 2 Kings.12.", "It pertains to the governor to open the ports by proclamation.", "2. To have relation to. Acts.1."], "perverse": ["PERVERSE, a. pervers'. L. perversus. See Pervert.", "1. Literally, turned aside; hence, distorted from the right.", "2. Obstinate in the wrong; disposed to be contrary; stubborn; untractable.", "To so perverse a sex all grace is vain.", "3. Cross; petulant; peevish; disposed to cross and vex.", "I'll frown and be perverse, and say thee nay."], "perversely": ["PERVERSELY, adv. pervers'ly. With intent to vex; crossly; peevishly; obstinately in the wrong."], "perverseness": ["PERVERSENESS, n. pervers'ness. Disposition to cross or vex; untractableness; crossness of temper; a disposition uncomplying, unaccommodating or acting in opposition to what is proper or what is desired by others.", "Her whom he wishes most, shall seldom gain", "Through her perverseness.", "1. Perversion. Not used."], "perversion": ["PERVER'SION, n. L. perversus. The act of perverting; a turning from truth or propriety; a diverting from the true intent or object; change to something worse. We speak of the perversion of the laws, when they are misinterpreted or misapplied; a perversion of reason, when it is misemployed; a perversion of Scripture, when it is willfully misinterpreted or misapplied, &c."], "perversity": ["PERVERS'ITY, n. Perverseness; crossness; disposition to thwart or cross."], "perversive": ["PERVERS'IVE, a. Tending to pervert or corrupt."], "pervert": ["PERVERT', v.t. L. perverto; per and verto, to turn.", "1. To turn from truth, propriety, or from its proper purpose; to distort from its true use or end; as, to pervert reason by misdirecting it; to pervert the laws by misinterpreting and misapplying them; to pervert justice; to pervert the meaning of an author; to pervert nature; to pervert truth.", "2. To turn from the right; to corrupt.", "He in the serpent had perverted Eve."], "perverted": ["PERVERT'ED, pp. Turned from right to wrong; distorted; corrupted; misinterpreted; misemployed."], "perverter": ["PERVERT'ER, n. One that perverts or turns from right to wrong; one that distorts, misinterprets or misapplies."], "pervertible": ["PERVERT'IBLE, a. That may be perverted."], "perverting": ["PERVERT'ING, ppr. Turning from right to wrong; distorting; misinterpreting; misapplying; corrupting.", "Pervert, when used of persons, usually implies evil design."], "pestilent": ["PEST'ILENT, a. L. pestilens, from pestis, plague.", "1. Producing the plague, or other malignant, contagious disease; noxious to health and life; as a pestilent air or climate.", "2. Mischievous; noxious to morals or society; destructive; in a general sense; as pestilent books.", "3. Troublesome; mischievous; making disturbance; corrupt; as a pestilent fellow. Acts.24."], "pestilently": ["PEST'ILENTLY, adv. Mischievously; destructively."], "pestillation": ["PESTILLA'TION, n. from L. pistillum; Eng. pestle.", "The act of pounding and bruising in a mortar. Little used."], "pestle": ["PESTLE, n. pes'l. L. pistillum, and probably pinso, for piso, to pound or beat. An instrument for pounding and breaking substances in a mortar.", "Pestle of port, a gammon of bacon."], "petit": ["PETIT, a. pet'ty. Small; little; mean.", "This word petit is now generally written petty.", "Petit constable, an inferior civil officer subordinate to the high constable.", "Petit jury, a jury of twelve freeholders who are empanneled to try causes at the bar of a court; so called in distinction from the grand jury, which tries the truth of indictments.", "Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of the value of twelve pence, or under that amount; opposed to grand larceny.", "serjeanty, in English law, the tenure of lands of the king, by the service of rendering to him annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, lance, &c.", "Petit treason, the crime of killing a person, to whom the offender owes duty or subjection. Thus it is petit treason for a wife to kill her husband, or a servant his lord or master."], "petition": ["PETI'TION, n. L. petitio, from peto, to ask, properly to urge or press.", "1. In a general sense, a request, supplication or prayer; but chiefly and appropriately, a solemn or formal supplication; a prayer addressed by a person to the Supreme Being, for something needed or desired, or a branch or particular article of prayer.", "2. A formal request or supplication, verbal or written; particularly, a written supplication from an inferior to a superior, either to a single person clothed with power, or to a legislative or other body, soliciting some favor, grant, right or mercy.", "3. The paper containing a supplication or solicitation. Much of the time of our legislative bodies is consumed in attending to private petitions. The speaker's table is often loaded with petitions. Petitions to the king of Great Britain must contain nothing reflecting on the administration.", "PETI'TION, v.t. To make a request to; to ask from; to solicit; particularly, to make supplication to a superior for some favor or right; as, to petition the legislature; to petition a court of chancery.", "The mother petitioned her goddess to bestow on them the greatest gift that could be given."], "petitioning": ["PETI'TIONING, ppr. Asking as a favor, grant, right or mercy; supplicating.", "PETI'TIONING, n. The act of asking or soliciting; solicitation; supplication. Tumultuous petitioning is made penal by statute."], "pharisee": ["PHAR'ISEE, n. Heb. to separate. One of a sect among the Jews, whose religion consisted in a strict observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders,and whose pretended holiness led them to separate themselves as a sect, considering themselves as more righteous than other Jews."], "philosophation": ["PHILOSOPHA'TION, n. Philosophical discussion. Not used."], "philosopher": ["PHILOS'OPHER, n. See Philosophy. A person versed in philosophy, or in the principles of nature and morality; one who devotes of nature and morality; one who devotes himself to the study of physics, or of moral or intellectual science.", "1. In a general sense, one who is profoundly versed in any science.", "Philosopher's stone, a stone or preparation which the alchimists formerly sought, as the instrument of converting the baser metals into pure gold."], "philosophical": ["PHILOSOPH'ICAL, a. Pertaining to philosophy; as a philosophical experiment or problem.", "1. Proceeding from philosophy; as philosophic price.", "2. Suitable to philosophy; according to philosophy; as philosophical reasoning or arguments.", "3. Skilled in philosophy; as a philosophical historian.", "4. Given to philosophy; as a philosophical mind.", "5. Regulated by philosophy or the rules of reason; as philosophic fare.", "6. Calm; cool; temperate; rational; such as characterizes a philosopher."], "philosophically": ["PHILOSOPH'ICALLY, adv. In a philosophical manner; according to the rules or principles of philosophy; as, to argue philosophically.", "1. Calmly; wisely; rationally."], "philosophism": ["PHILOS'OPHISM, n. Gr. a lover, and sophism.", "1. The love of fallacious arguments or false reasoning.", "2. The practice of sophistry."], "philosophize": ["PHILOS'OPHIZE, v.i. from philosophy. To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena and assign rational causes for their existence. Sir Isaac Newton lays down four rules of philosophizing.", "Two doctors of the schools were philosophizing on the advantages of mankind above all other creatures."], "philosophizing": ["PHILOS'OPHIZING, ppr. Searching into the reasons of things; assigning reasons for phenomena."], "philosophy": ["PHILOS'OPHY, n. L. philosophia; Gr. love, to love, and wisdom.", "1. Literally, the love of wisdom. But in modern acceptation, philosophy is a general term denoting an explanation of the reasons of things; or an investigation of the causes of all phenomena both of mind and of matter. When applied to any particular department of knowledge, it denotes the collection of general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject, are comprehended. Thus, that branch of philosophy which treats of God, &c. is called theology; that which treats of nature, is called physics or natural philosophy; that which treats of man is called logic and ethics, or moral philosophy; that which treats of the mind is called intellectual or mental philosophy, or metaphysics.", "The objects of philosophy are to ascertain facts or truth, and the causes of things or their phenomena; to enlarge our views of God and his works, and to render our knowledge of both practically useful and subservient to human happiness.", "True religion and true philosophy must ultimately arrive at the same principle.", "2. Hypothesis or system on which natural effects are explained.", "We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our schools.", "3. Reasoning; argumentation.", "4. Course of sciences read in the schools."], "phylactery": ["PHYLAC'TERY, n. Gr. to defend or guard.", "1. In a general sense, any charm, spell or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.", "2. Among the Jews, a slip of parchment on which was written some text of Scripture, particularly of the decalogue, worn by devout persons on the forehead, breast or neck as a mark of their religion.", "3. Among the primitive christians, a case in which they inclosed the relics of the dead."], "physician": ["PHYSI'CIAN, n. A person skilled in the art of healing; one whose profession is to prescribe remedies for diseases.", "1. In a spiritual sense, one that heals moral diseases; as a physician of the soul."], "pick": ["PICK, v.t. L. pecto.", "1. To pull off or pluck with the fingers something that grows or adheres to another thing; to separate by the hand, as fruit from trees; as, to pick apples or oranges; to pick strawberries.", "2. To pull off or separate with the teeth, beak or claws; as, to pick flesh from a bone; hence,", "3. To clean by the teeth, fingers or claws, or by a small instrument, by separating something that adheres; as, to pick a bone; to pick the ears.", "4. To take up; to cause or seek industriously; as, to pick a quarrel.", "5. To separate or pull asunder; to pull into small parcels by the fingers; to separate locks for loosening and cleaning; as, to pick wool.", "6. To pierce; to strike with a pointed instrument; as, to pick an apple with a pin.", "7. To strike with the bill or beak; to puncture. In this sense, we generally use peck.", "8. To steal by taking out with the fingers or hands; as, to pick the pocket.", "9. To open by a pointed instrument; as, to pick a lock.", "10. To select; to cull; to separate particular things from others; as, to pick the best men from a company. In this sense,the word is often followed by out.", "To pick off, to separate by the fingers or by a small pointed instrument.", "pick out, to select; to separate individuals from numbers.", "To pick up, to take up with the fingers or beak; also, to take particular things here and there; to gather; to glean.", "To pick a hole in one's coat, to find fault.", "PICK, v.i. To eat slowly or by morsels; to nibble.", "1. To do any thing nicely or by attending to small things.", "PICK, n. A sharp pointed tool for digging or removing in small quantities.", "What the miners call chert and whern--is so hard that the picks will not touch it.", "1. Choice; right of selection. You may have your pick.", "2. Among printers, foul matter which collects on printing types from the balls, bad ink, or from the paper impressed."], "picked": ["PICK'ED, pp. Plucked off by the fingers, teeth or claws; cleaned by picking; opened by an instrument; selected.", "PICK'ED"], "picking": ["PICK'ING, ppr. Pulling off with the fingers or teeth; selecting.", "PICK'ING, n. The act of plucking; selection; gathering; gleaning."], "pictural": ["PIC'TURAL, n. A representation. Not in use."], "picture": ["PIC'TURE, n. L. pictura, from pingo, to paint.", "1. A painting exhibiting the resemblance of any thing; a likeness drawn in colors.", "Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects.", "2. The words of painters; painting.", "Quintilian, when he saw any well expressed image of grief, either in picture or sculpture, would usually weep.", "3. Any resemblance or representation, either to the eye or to the understanding. Thus we say, a child is the picture of his father; the poet has drawn an exquisite picture of grief.", "PIC'TURE, v.t. To paint a resemblance.", "Love is like a painter, who, in drawing the picture of a friend having a blemish in one eye, would picture only the other side of the face.", "1. To represent; to form or present an ideal likeness.", "I do picture it in my mind."], "pictured": ["PIC'TURED, pp. Painted in resemblance; drawn in colors; represented."], "piece": ["PIECE, n. Heb. to cut off or clip.", "1. A fragment or part of any thing separated from the whole, in any manner, by cutting, splitting, breaking or tearing; as, to cut in pieces, break in pieces, tear in pieces, pull in pieces, &c.; a piece of a rock; a piece of paper.", "2. A part of any thing, though not separated, or separated only in idea; not the whole; a portion; as a piece of excellent knowledge.", "3. A distinct part or quantity; a part considered by itself, or separated from the rest only by a boundary or divisional line; as a piece of land in the meadow or on the mountain.", "4. A separate part; a thing or portion distinct from others of a like kind; as a piece of timber; a piece of cloth; a piece of paper hangings.", "5. A composition, essay or writing of no great length; as a piece of poetry or prose; a piece of music.", "6. A separate performance; a distinct portion of labor; as a piece of work.", "7. A picture or painting.", "If unnatural, the finest colors are but daubing,and the piece is a beautiful monster at the best.", "8. A coin; as a piece of eight.", "9. A gun or single part of ordnance. We apply the word to a cannon, a mortar, or a musket. Large guns are called battering pieces; smaller guns are called field pieces.", "10. In heraldry, an ordinary or charge. The fess, the bend, the pale, the bar, the cross, the saltier, the chevron are called honorable pieces.", "11. In ridicule or contempt. A piece of a lawyer is a smatterer.", "12. A castle; a building. Not in use.", "A-piece, to each; as, he paid the men a dollar a-piece.", "Of a piece, like; of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole. They seemed all of a piece. Sometimes followed by with.", "The poet must be of a piece with the spectators to gain reputation.", "PIECE, v.t. To enlarge or mend by the addition of a piece; to patch; as, to piece a garment; to piece the time.", "To piece out, to extend or enlarge by addition of a piece or pieces.", "PIECE, v.i. To unite by coalescence of parts; to be compacted, as parts into a whole."], "pieced": ["PIE'CED, pp. Mended or enlarged by a piece or pieces."], "pierce": ["PIERCE, v.t. pers.", "1. To thrust into with a pointed instrument; as, to pierce the body with a sword or spear; to pierce the side with a thorn.", "2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into; as, a column of troops pierced the main body of the enemy; a shot pierced the ship.", "3. To penetrate the heart deeply; to touch the passions; to excite or affect the passions. 1 Tim.6.", "4. To dive or penetrate into, as a secret or purpose.", "PIERCE, v.i. pers. To enter; as a pointed instrument.", "1. To penetrate; to force a way into or through any thing. The shot pierced through the side of the ship.", "Her tears will pierce into a marble heart.", "2. To enter; to dive or penetrate, as into a secret.", "She would not pierce further into his meaning than himself should declare.", "3. To affect deeply."], "pierced": ["PIERCED, pp. pers'ed. Penetrated; entered by force; transfixed."], "piercing": ["PIERCING, ppr. pers'ing. Penetrating; entering, as a pointed instrument; making a way by force into another body.", "1. Affecting deeply; as eloquence piercing the heart.", "2. a. Affecting; cutting; keen."], "piercingly": ["PIERCINGLY, adv. pers'ingly. With penetrating force or effect; sharply."], "piety": ["PI'ETY, n. L. pietas, from pius, or its root, probably a contracted word.", "1. Piety in principle, is a compound of veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being and love of his character, or veneration accompanied with love; and piety in practice, is", "the exercise of these affections in obedience to his will and devotion to his service.", "Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.", "2. Reverence of parents or friends, accompanied with affection and devotion to their honor and happiness."], "pigeon": ["PIG'EON, n. A fowl of the genus Columba, of several species, as the stock dove, the ring dove, the turtle dove, and the migratory or wild pigeon of America. The domestic pigeon breeds in a box, often attached to a building, called a dovecot or pigeon-house. The wild pigeon builds a nest on a tree in the forest."], "pile": ["PILE, n. L. pila.", "1. A heap; a mass or collection of things in a roundish or elevated form; as a pile of stones; a pile of bricks; a pile of wood or timber; a pile of ruins.", "2. A collection of combustibles for burning a dead body; as a funeral pile.", "3. A large building or mass of buildings; an edifice.", "The pile o'erlook'd the town and drew the sight.", "4. A heap of balls or shot laid in horizontal courses, rising into a pyramidical form.", "PILE, n. L. palus.", "1. A large stake or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building or other superstructure. The stadthouse in Amsterdam is supported by piles.", "2. One side of a coin; originally, a punch or puncheon used in stamping figures on coins, and containing the figures to be impressed. Hence the arms-side of a coin is called the pile, and the head the cross, which was formerly in the place of the head. Hence cross and pile.", "3. In heraldry, an ordinary in form of a point inverted or a stake sharpened.", "PILE, n. L. pilum. The head of an arrow.", "PILE, n. L. pilus. Properly, a hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton and the like; hence, the nap, the fine hairy substance of the surface of cloth.", "PILE, v.t. To lay or throw into a heap; to collect many things into a mass; as, to pile wood or stones.", "1. To bring into an aggregate; to accumulate; as, to pile quotations or comments.", "2. To fill with something heaped.", "3. To fill above the brim or top.", "4. To break off the awns of threshed barley. Local."], "piles": ["PILES, n. plu. The hemorrhoids, a disease."], "pilgrim": ["PIL'GRIM, n. L. peregrinus. Gu.L. peragro, to wander, palor.", "1. A wanderer; a traveler; particularly, one that travels to a distance from his own country to visit a holy place, or to pay his devotion to the remains of dead saints. See Pilgrimage.", "2. In Scripture, one that has only a temporary residence on earth. Heb.11.", "PIL'GRIM, v.i. To wander or ramble. Not used."], "pilgrimize": ["PIL'GRIMIZE, v.i. To wander about as a pilgrim. Not used."], "pilgrimage": ["PIL'GRIMAGE, n. A long journey, particularly a journey to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint. Thus in the middle ages, kings, princes, bishops and others made pilgrimages to Jerusalem,in pious devotion to the Savior. Pilgrims now resort to Loretto,in Italy, to visit the chamber of the blessed virgin, and the Mohammedans make pilgrimages to Mecca, where their prophet was buried.", "1. In Scripture, the journey of human life. Gen.47.", "2. Time irksomely spent."], "pill": ["PILL, n. L. pila, a ball; pilula, a little ball.", "1. In pharmacy, a medicine in the form of a little ball or small round mass, to be swallowed whole.", "2. Any thing nauseous.", "PILL, v.t. To rob; to plunder; to pillage, that is, to peel, to strip. See Peel, the same word in the proper English orthography.", "PILL, v.i. To be peeled; to come off in flakes.", "1. To rob. See Peel."], "pillar": ["PIL'LAR, n. L. pila, a pile, a pillar, a mortar and pestle. The L. pila denotes a heap, or things thrown, put or driven together.", "Literally, a pile or heap; hence,", "1. A kind or irregular column round an insulate, but deviating from the proportions of a just column. Pillars are either too massive or too slender for regular architecture; they are not restricted to any rules, and their parts and proportions are arbitrary. A square pillar is a massive work, called also a pier or piedroit, serving to support arches. &c.", "2. A supporter; that which sustains or upholds; that on which some superstructure rests. Gal.2.", "3. A monument raised to commemorate any person or remarkable transaction.", "And Jacob set a pillar on her grave. Gen.35. 2 Sam.18.", "4. Something resembling a pillar; as a pillar of salt. Gen.19.", "So a pillar of a cloud, a pillar of fire. Ex.13.", "5. Foundation; support. Job.9.", "6. In ships, a square or round timber fixed perpendicularly under the middle of the beams for supporting the decks.", "7. In the manege, the center of the volta, ring or manege ground, around which a horse turns. There are also pillars on the circumference or side, placed at certain distances by two and two."], "pillared": ["PIL'LARED, a. Supported by pillars.", "1. Having the form of a pillar."], "pillow": ["PIL'LOW, n. L. pulvinar; from L. pilus, hair, or from stuffing.", "1. A long cushion to support the head of a person when reposing on a bed; a sack or case filled with feathers, down or other soft material.", "2. In a ship, the block on which the inner end of a bowsprit is supported.", "The pillow of a plow, is a cross piece of wood which serves to raise or lower the beam.", "PIL'LOW, v.t. To rest or lay on for support."], "pillowed": ["PIL'LOWED, pp. or a. Supported by a pillow."], "pillowing": ["PIL'LOWING, ppr. Resting or laying on a pillow."], "pilot": ["PI'LOT, n.", "1. One who steers a ship in a dangerous navigation, or rather one whose office or occupation is to steer ships, particularly along a coast, or into and out of a harbor, bay or river, where navigation is dangerous.", "2. A guide; a director of the course of another person. In colloquial use.", "PI'LOT, v.t. To direct the course of a ship in any place where navigation is dangerous."], "piloting": ["PI'LOTING, ppr. Steering; as a ship in dangerous navigation.", "PI'LOTING, n. The act of steering a ship."], "pin": ["PIN, n. L. penna,pinna.", "1. A small pointed instrument made of brass wire and headed; used chiefly by females for fastening their clothes.", "2. A piece of wood or metal sharpened or pointed,used to fasten together boards,plank or other timber. The larger pins of metal are usually called bolts,and the wooden pins used in ship building are called treenails trunnels. A small wooden pin is called a peg.", "3. A thing of little value. It is not a pin's matter. I care not a pin.", "4. A linchpin.", "5. The central part.", "6. A peg used in musical instruments in straining and relaxing the strings.", "7. A note or strain.", "8. A horny induration of the membranes of the eye.", "9. A cylindrical roller made of wood.", "10. A noxious humor in a hawk's foot.", "11. The pin of a block is the axis of the sheave.", "PIN, v.t. To fasten with a pin or with pins of any kind; as, to pin the clothes; to pin boards or timbers.", "1. To fasten; to make fast; or to join and fasten together.", "Our gates--we have but pinned with rushes.", "She lifted the princess from the earth, and so locks her in embracing, as if she would pin her to her heart.", "2. To inclose; to confine. See the verbs Pen and Pound."], "pinned": ["PIN'NED, pp. Fastened with pins; confined."], "pine": ["PINE, n. L. pinus. A tree of the genus Pinus, of many species, some of which furnish timber of the most valuable kind. The species which usually bear this name in the United States, are the white pine, Pinus strobus,the prince of our forests; the yellow pine, Pinus resinosa; and the pitch pine, Pinus rigida. The other species of this genus are called by other names, a fir,hemlock, larch, spruce, &c.", "PINE, v.i.", "1. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away under any distress of anxiety of mind; to grow lean; followed sometimes by away.", "Ye shall not mourn nor weep, but ye shall pine away for your iniquities. Ezek.24.", "2. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; usually followed by for.", "Unknowing that she pin'd for your return.", "PINE, v.t. To wear out; to make to languish.", "Where shivering cold and sickness pines the clime.", "Beroe pined with pain.", "1. To grieve for; to bemoan in silence.", "Abashed the devil stood--", "Virtue in her own shape how lovely, saw,", "And pined his loss.", "In the transitive sense, this verb is now seldom used, and this use is improper, except by ellipsis.", "PINE, n. Woe; want; penury; misery.", "This is obsolete. See Pain."], "pineful": ["PI'NEFUL, a. Full of woe. Not used."], "pining": ["PI'NING, ppr. Languishing; wasting away."], "pinnacle": ["PIN'NACLE, n. L. pinna.", "1. A turret, or part of a building elevated above the main building.", "Some metropolis", "With glistering spires and pinnacles adorn'd.", "2. A high spiring point; summit.", "PIN'NACLE, v.t. To build or furnish with pinnacles."], "pinnacled": ["PIN'NACLED, pp. Furnished with pinnacles."], "pipe": ["PIPE, n. Eng. fife.", "1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a long tube of wood or metal; as a rural pipe. The word, I believe, is not now the proper technical name of any particular instrument, but is applicable to any tubular wind instrument, and it occurs in bagpipe.", "2. A long tube or hollow body; applied to the veins and arteries of the body, and to many hollow bodies, particularly such as are used for conductors of water or other fluids.", "3. A tube of clay with a bowl at one end; used in smoking tobacco.", "4. The organs of voice and respiration; as in windpipe.", "5. The key or sound of the voice.", "6. In England, a roll in the exchequer, or the exchequer itself. Hence, pipe-office is an office in which the clerk of the pipe makes out leases of crown lands, accounts of sheriffs, &c.", "7. A cask containing two hogsheads or 120 gallons, used for wine; or the quantity which it contains.", "8. In mining, a pipe is where the ore runs forward endwise in a hole, and does not sink downwards or in a vein.", "PIPE, v.i. To play on a pipe, fife, flute or other tubular wind instrument of music.", "We have piped to you, and ye have not danced. Matt.11.", "1. To have a shrill sound; to whistle.", "PIPE, v.t. To play on a wind instrument. 1 Cor.14."], "piped": ["PI'PED, a. Formed with a tube; tubular."], "piping": ["PI'PING, ppr. Playing on a pipe.", "1. a. Weak; feeble; sickly. Vulgar and not in use in America.", "2. Very hot; boiling; from the sound of boiling fluids. Used in vulgar language."], "piper": ["PI'PER, n. One who plays on a pipe or wind instrument."], "piss": ["PISS, v.t. To discharge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in the urinary bladder.", "PISS, n. Urine; the liquor secreted by the kidneys into the bladder of an animal and discharged through the proper channel."], "pit": ["PIT, v.t. To indent; to press into hollows.", "1. To mark with little hollows, as by variolous pustules; as the face pitted by the small pocks.", "2. To set in competition, as in combat."], "pitch": ["PITCH, n. L. pix; Gr. most probably named from its thickness or inspissation; L. figo.", "1. A thick tenacious substance,the juice of a species of pine or fir called abies picea, obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. When melted and pressed in bags of cloth, it is received into barrels. This is white or Burgundy pitch; by mixture with lampblack it is converted into black pitch. When kept long in fusion with vinegar, it becomes dry and brown, and forms colophony. The smoke of pitch condensed forms lampblack.", "2. The resin of pine, or turpentine, inspissated; used in caulking ships and paying the sides and bottom.", "PITCH, n. from the root of pike, peak.", "1. Literally, a point; hence, any point or degree of elevation; as a high pitch; lowest pitch.", "How high a pitch his resolution soars.", "Alcibiades was one of the best orators of his age, notwithstanding he lived when learning was at its highest pitch.", "2. Highest rise.", "3. Size; stature.", "So like in person, garb and pitch.", "4. Degree; rate.", "No pitch of glory from the grave is free.", "5. The point where a declivity begins, or the declivity itself; descent; slope; as the pitch of a hill.", "6. The degree of descent or declivity.", "7. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.", "8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune or of any note.", "PITCH, v.t. L. figo, to fix, and uniting pike, pique with fix.", "1. To throw or thrust, and primarily, to thrust a long or pointed object; hence, to fix; to plant; to set; as, to pitch a tent or pavilion, that is, to set the stakes.", "2. To throw at a point; as, to pitch quoits.", "3. To throw headlong; as, to pitch one in the mire or down a precipice.", "4. To throw with a fork; as, to pitch hay or sheaves of corn.", "5. To regulate or set the key-note of a tune in music.", "6. To set in array; to marshal or arrange in order; used chiefly in the participle; as a pitched battle.", "7. from pitch. To smear or pay over with pitch; as, to pitch the seams of a ship.", "PITCH, v.i. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.", "Take a branch of the tree on which the bees pitch, and wipe the hive.", "1. To fall headlong; as, to pitch from a precipice; to pitch on the head.", "2. To plunge; as, to pitch into a river.", "3. To fall; to fix choice; with on or upon.", "Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the most easy.", "4. To fix a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp.", "Laban with his brethren pitched in the mount of Gilead. Gen.31.", "5. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head and stern of a ship passing over waves.", "6. To flow or fall precipitously, as a river.", "Over this rock, the river pitches in one entire sheet."], "pitched": ["PITCH'ED, pp. Set; planted; fixed; thrown headlong; set in array; smeared with pitch."], "pitching": ["PITCH'ING, ppr. Setting; planting or fixing; throwing headlong; plunging; daubing with pitch; setting, as a tune.", "1. a. Declivous; descending; sloping; as a hill.", "PITCH'ING, n. In navigation, the rising and falling of the head and stern of a ship, as she moves over waves; or the vertical vibration of a ship about her center of gravity."], "pitcher": ["PITCH'ER, n.", "1. An earthen vessel with a spout for pouring out liquors. This is its present signification. It seems formerly to have signified a water pot, jug or jar with ears.", "2. An instrument for piercing the ground."], "pitied": ["PIT'IED, pp. Compassionated. See the verb, to pity."], "pitiful": ["PIT'IFUL, a. See Pity. Full of pity; tender; compassionate; having a heart to feel sorrow and sympathy for the distressed. James 5. 1 Pet.3. This is the proper sense of the word.", "1. Miserable; moving compassion; as a sight most pitiful; a pitiful condition.", "2. To be pitied for its littleness or meanness; paltry; contemptible; despicable.", "That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it.", "3. Very small; insignificant."], "pitifulness": ["PIT'IFULNESS, n. Tenderness of heart that disposes to pity; mercy; compassion.", "1. Contemptibleness."], "pity": ["PITY, n. The Latin,Italian, Spanish and Portuguese languages unite pity and piety in the same word, and the word may be from the root of compassion; L. patior, to suffer.", "1. The feeling or suffering of one person, excited by the distresses of another; sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion or fellow-suffering.", "He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth to the Lord. Prov.19.", "In Scripture however, the word pity usually includes", "compassion accompanied with some act of charity or benevolence, and not simply a fellow feeling of distress.", "Pity is always painful, yet always agreeable.", "2. The ground or subject of pity; cause of grief; thing to be regretted.", "What pity is it", "That we can die but once to serve our country!", "That he is old, the more is the pity, his white hairs do witness it.", "In this sense, the word has a plural. It is a thousand pities he should waste his estate in prodigality."], "place": ["PLACE, n.", "1. A particular portion of space of indefinite extent, occupied or intended to be occupied by any person or thing, and considered as the space where a person or thing does or may rest or has rested, as distinct from space in general.", "Look from the place where thou art. Gen.13.", "The place where thou standest is holy ground. Ex.3.", "Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours. .11.", "David's place was empty. 1 Sam.20.", "2. Any portion of space, as distinct from space in general.", "Enlargement and deliverance shall arise to the Jews from another place. Esth.4.", "3. Local existence.", "From whose face the earth and the heaven fled away, and there was found no place for them. Rev.20.", "4. Separate room or apartment.", "His catalogue had an especial place for sequestered divines.", "5. Seat; residence; mansion.", "The Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation. John.11.", "6. A portion or passage of writing or of a book.", "The place of the Scripture which he read was this. Acts.8.", "7. Point or degree in order of proceeding; as in the first place; in the second place; in the last place. Hence,", "8. Rank; order of priority, dignity or importance. He holds the first place in society, or in the affections of the people.", "9. Office, employment; official station. The man has a place under the government.", "Do you your office, or give up your place.", "10. Ground; room.", "There is no place of doubting but that it is the very same.", "11. Station in life; calling; occupation; condition. All, in their several places, perform their duty.", "12. A city, a town; a village. In what place does he reside? He arrived at this place in the mail coach. Gen.18.", "13. In military affairs, a fortified town or post; a fortress; a fort; as a strong place; a place easily defended. The place was taken by assault.", "14. A country; a kingdom. England is the place of his birth.", "15. Space in general.", "But she all place within herself confines.", "16. Room; stead; with the sense of substitution.", "And Joseph said unto them, fear not; for am I in the place of God? Gen.1.", "17. Room; kind reception.", "My word hath no place in you. John 8.", "18. The place of the moon, in astronomy,is the part of its orbit where it is found at any given time. The place of the sun or a star, is the sign and degree of the zodiac, in which it is at any given time, or the degree of the ecliptic, reckoning from the beginning of Aries, which the star's circle of longitude cuts, and therefore coincides with the longitude of the sun or star.", "To take place, to come; to happen; to come into actual existence or operation; as when we say, this or that event will or will not take place. The perfect exemption of man from calamity can never take place in this state of existence.", "1. To take the precedence or priority.", "take the place, but sometimes to take place, omitting the article, is to occupy the place or station of another.", "To have place, to have a station, room or seat. Such desires can have no place in a good heart.", "1. To have actual existence.", "To give place, to make room or way. Give place to your superiors.", "1. To give room; to give advantage; to yield to the influence of; to listen to.", "Neither give place to the devil. Eph.4.", "2. To give way; to yield to and suffer to pass away.", "High place, in Scripture, a mount on which sacrifices were offered.", "PLACE, v.t. To put or set in a particular part of space, or in a particular part of the earth, or in something on its surface; to locate; as, to place a house by the side of a stream; to place a book on a shelf; to place a body of cavalry on each flank of any army.", "1. To appoint, set, induct or establish in an office.", "Thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them to be rulers of thousands, &c. Ex.18.", "It is a high moral duty of sovereigns and supreme magistrates and councils, to place in office men of unquestionable virtue and talents.", "2. To put or set in any particular rank, state or condition. Some men are placed in a condition of rank and opulence, others are placed in low or narrow circumstances; but in whatever sphere men are placed, contentment will insure to them a large portion of happiness.", "3. To set; to fix; as, to place one's affections on an object; to place confidence in a friend.", "4. To put; to invest; as, to place money in the funds or in a bank.", "5. To put out at interest; to lend; as, to place money in good hands or in good security."], "placed": ["PLA'CED, pp. Set; fixed; located; established."], "plague": ["PLAGUE, n. plag. L. plaga, a stroke; Gr. See Lick and Lay. The primary sense is a stroke or striking. So afflict is from the root of flog, and probably of the same family as plague.", "1. Any thing troublesome or vexatious; but in this sense, applied to the vexations we suffer from men, and not to the unavoidable evils inflicted on us by Divine Providence. The application of the word to the latter, would now be irreverent and reproachful.", "2. A pestilential disease; an acute, malignant and contagious disease that often prevails in Egypt, Syria and Turkey, and has at times infected the large cities of Europe with frightful mortality.", "3. A state of misery. Ps.38.", "4. Any great natural evil or calamity; as the ten plagues of Egypt.", "PLAGUE, v.t. plag.", "1. To infest with disease, calamity or natural evil of any kind.", "Thus were they plagued", "And worn with famine.", "2. To vex; to tease; to harass; to trouble; to embarrass; a very general and indefinite signification.", "If her nature be so,", "That she will plague the man that loves her most--"], "plagueful": ["PLAGUEFUL, a. Abounding with plagues; infected with plagues."], "plain": ["PLAIN, a. L. planus; splendor. Gr. to wander.", "1. Smooth; even; level; flat; without elevations and depressions; not rough; as plain ground or land; a plain surface. In this sense, in philosophical writings, it is written plane.", "2. Open; clear.", "Our troops beat an army in plain fight and open field.", "3. Void of ornament; simple; as a plain dress.", "Plain without pomp, and rich without a show.", "4. Artless; simple; unlearned; without disguise, cunning or affectation; without refinement; as men of the plainer sort.", "Gen. 25.", "Plain but pious christians--", "5. Artless; simple; unaffected; unembellished; as a plain tale or narration.", "6. Honestly undisguised; open; frank; sincere; unreserved. I will tell you the plain truth.", "Give me leave to be plain with you.", "7. Mere; bare; as a plain knave or fool.", "8. Evident to the understanding; clear; manifest; not obscure; as plain words or language; a plain difference; a plain argument.", "It is plain in the history, that Esau was never subject to Jacob.", "9. Not much varied by modulations; as a plain song or tune.", "10. Not high seasoned; not rich; not luxuriously dressed; as a plain diet.", "11. Not ornamented with figures; as plain muslin.", "12. Not dyed.", "13. Not difficult; not embarrassing; as a plain case in law.", "14. Easily seen or discovered; not obscure or difficult to be found; as a plain road or path. Our coarse is very plain. Ps.27.", "A plain or plane figure, in geometry, is a uniform surface, from every point of whose perimeter right lines may be drawn to every other point in the same.", "A plain figure, in geometry, is a surface in which, if any two points are taken,the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface.", "A plain angle, is one contained under two lines or surfaces, in contradistinction to a solid angle.", "PLAIN, adv. Not obscurely; in a manner to be easily understood.", "1. Distinctly; articulately; as, to speak plain. Mark 7.", "2. With simplicity; artlessly; bluntly.", "PLAIN, n.", "1. Level land; usually, an open field with an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as all the plain of Jordan. Gen.13.", "2. Field of battle.", "PLAIN, v.t. To level; to make plain or even on the surface.", "PLAIN, v.i. L. plango. To lament or wail. Not used. See Complain."], "plainness": ["PLA'INNESS, n. Levelness; evenness or surface.", "1. Want of ornament; want of artificial show.", "So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit.", "2. Openness; rough, blunt or unrefined frankness.", "Your plainness and your shortness please me well.", "3. Artlessness; simplicity; candor; as unthinking plainness.", "4. Clearness; openness; sincerity.", "Seeing then we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech. 2 Cor.3."], "plainly": ["PLA'INLY, adv. With a level surface. Little used.", "1. Without cunning or disguise.", "2. Without ornament or artificial embellishment; as, to be plainly clad.", "3. Frankly; honestly; sincerely; as, deal plainly with me.", "4. In earnest; fairly.", "5. In a manner to be easily seen or comprehended.", "Thou shalt write on the stones all the words of this law very plainly. Deut.27.", "6. Evidently; clearly; not obscurely. The doctrines of grace are plainly taught in the Scriptures."], "plait": ["PLAIT, n. Gr. to twist.", "1. A fold; a doubling; as of cloth.", "It is very difficult to trace out the figure of a vest through all the plaits and folding of the drapery.", "2. A braid of hair; a tress.", "PLAIT, v.t. To fold; to double in narrow streaks; as, to plait a gown or a sleeve.", "1. To braid; to interweave strands; as, to plait the hair.", "2. To entangle; to involve."], "plaited": ["PLA'ITED, pp. Folded; braided; interwoven."], "plaiting": ["PLA'ITING, ppr. Folding; doubling; braiding."], "plane": ["PLANE, n. from L. planus. See Plain. In geometry, an even or level surface, like plain in popular language.", "1. In astronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass through any of the curves described on the celestial sphere; as the plane of the ecliptic; the plane of a planet's orbit; the plane of a great circle.", "2. In mechanics. See Plain figure.", "3. In joinery and cabinet work, an instrument consisting of a smooth piece of wood, with an aperture, through which passes obliquely a piece of edged steel or chisel, used in paring or smoothing boards or wood of any kind.", "PLANE, v.t. To make smooth; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of a board or other piece of wood by the use of a plane.", "1. To free from inequalities of surface."], "planed": ["PLA'NED, pp. Made smooth with a plane; leveled."], "planet": ["PLAN'ET, n. L. planeta; Gr. wandering, to wander, allied to L. planus. See Plant. A celestial body which revolves about the sun or other center, or a body revolving about another planet as its center. The planets which revolve about the sun as their center, are called primary planets; those which revolve about other planets as their center, and with them revolve about the sun, are called secondary planets, satellites or moons. The primary planets are named Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell. Four smaller planets, denominated by some, asteroids, namely, Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta, have recently been discovered between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Herschell, being without the earth's orbit, are sometimes called the superior planets; Venus and Mercury, being within the earth's orbit, are called inferior planets. The planets are opake bodies which receive their light from the sun. They are so named from their motion or revolution, in distinction from the fixed stars,and are distinguished from the latter by their not twinkling."], "planeted": ["PLAN'ETED, a. Belonging to planets."], "planetical": ["PLANET'ICAL, a. Pertaining to planets. Not used."], "plank": ["PLANK, n. A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. In America, broad pieces of sawed timber which are not more than an inch or an inch and a quarter thick, are called boards; like pieces from an inch and a half to three or four inches thick, are called planks. Sometimes pieces more than four inches thick are called planks.", "PLANK, v.t. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship."], "plant": ["PLANT, n. L. planta; splendeo, splendor.", "1. A vegetable; an organic body, destitute of sense and spontaneous motion, adhering to another body in such a manner as to draw from it its nourishment, and having the power of propagating itself by seeds; \"whose seed is in itself.\" Gen.1. This definition may not be perfectly correct, as it respects all plants, for some marine plants grow without being attached to any fixed body.", "The woody or dicotyledonous plants consist of three parts; the bark or exterior coat, which covers the wood; the wood which is hard and constitutes the principal part; and the pith or center of the stem. In monocotyledonous plants, the ligneous or fibrous parts, and the pithy or parenchymatous, are equally distributed through the whole internal substance; and in the lower plants, funguses, sea weed, &c. the substance is altogether parenchymatous. By means of proper vessels, the nourishing juices are distributed to every part of the plant. In its most general sense, plant comprehends all vegetables, trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, &c. In popular language,the word is generally applied to the smaller species of vegetables.", "2. A sapling.", "3. In Scripture, a child; a descendant; the inhabitant of a country. Ps.144. Jer.48.", "4. The sole of the foot. Little used.", "Sea-plant, a plant that grows in the sea or in salt water; sea weed.", "Sensitive plant, a plant that shrinks on being touched,the mimosa.", "PLANT, v.t. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maiz.", "1. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree or a vegetable with roots.", "2. To engender; to set the germ of any thing that may increase.", "It engenders choler, planteth anger.", "3. To set; to fix.", "His standard planted on Laurentum's towers.", "4. To settle; to fix the first inhabitants; to establish; as, to plant a colony.", "5. To furnish with plants; to lay out and prepare with plants; as, to plant a garden or an orchard.", "6. To set and direct or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort.", "7. To introduce and establish; as, to plant christianity among the heathen.", "I have planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the increase. 1 Cor.3.", "8. To unite to Christ and fix in a state of fellowship with him. Ps.92.", "PLANT, v.i. To perform the act of planting."], "planted": ["PLANT'ED, pp. Set in the earth for propagation; set; fixed; introduced; established.", "1. Furnished with seeds or plants for growth; as a planted field.", "2. Furnished with the first inhabitants; settled; as territory planted with colonists.", "3. Filled or furnished with what is new.", "A man in all the world's new fashion planted. See Def.3."], "planting": ["PLANT'ING, ppr. Setting in the earth for propagation; setting; settling; introducing; establishing.", "PLANT'ING, n. The act or operation of setting in the ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, &c."], "plantation": ["PLANTA'TION, n. L. plantatio, from planto, to plant.", "1. The act of planting or setting in the earth for growth.", "2. The place planted; applied to ground planted with trees,as an orchard or the like.", "3. In the United States and the West Indies, a cultivated estate; a farm. In the United States, this word is applied to an estate, a tract of land occupied and cultivated, in those states only where the labor is performed by slaves,and where the land is more or less appropriated to the culture of tobacco, rice, indigo and cotton, that is, from Maryland to Georgia inclusive, on the Atlantic, and in the western states where the land is appropriated to the same articles or to the culture of the sugar cane. From Maryland, northward and eastward,estates in land are called farms.", "4. An original settlement in a new country; a town or village planted.", "While these plantations were forming in Connecticut--", "5. A colony.", "6. A first planting; introduction; establishment; as the plantation of christianity in England."], "planter": ["PLANT'ER, n. One that plants, sets, introduces or establishes; as a planter of maiz; a planter of vines; the planters of a colony.", "1. One that settles in a new or uncultivated territory; as the first planters in Virginia.", "2. One who owns a plantation; used in the West Indies and southern states of America.", "3. One that introduces and establishes.", "The apostles were the first planters of christianity."], "plat": ["PLAT, v.t. from plait, or plat, flat.", "To weave; to form by texture. Matt.27."], "platting": ["PLAT'TING, n. Work done by platting or interweaving."], "plate": ["PLATE, n. L. Latus, with the radical sense of laid, spread.", "1. A piece of metal, flat or extended in breadth.", "2. Armor of plate, composed of broad pieces, and thus distinguished from mail.", "3. A piece of wrought silver, as a dish or other shallow vessel; hence, vessels of silver; wrought silver in general. Plate, by the laws of some states, is subject to a tax by the ounce.", "4. A small shallow vessel, made of silver or other metal, or of earth glazed and baked, from which provisions are eaten at table. A wooden plate is called a trencher.", "5. The prize given for the best horse in a race.", "6. In architecture, the piece of timber which supports the ends of the rafters. See Platform.", "PLATE, v.t. To cover or overlay with plate or with metal; used particularly of silver; as plated vessels.", "1. To arm with plate or metal for defense; as, to plate sin with gold.", "Why plated in habiliments of war?", "2. To adorn with place; as a plated harness.", "3. To beat into thin flat pieces or lamens."], "plated": ["PLA'TED, pp. Covered or adorned with plate; armed with plate; beaten into plates."], "plating": ["PLA'TING, ppr. Overlaying with plate or with a metal; beating into thin lamens.", "PLA'TING, n. The art or operation of covering any thing with plate or with a metal, particularly of overlaying a baser metal with a thin plate of silver. The coating of silver is soldered to the metal with tin or a mixture of three parts of silver with one of brass."], "platter": ["PLAT'TER, n. from plate. A large shallow dish for holding the provisions of a table.", "1. One that plats or forms by weaving. See Plat."], "play": ["PLAY, v.i.", "1. To use any exercise for pleasure or recreation; to do something not as a task or for profit, but for amusement; as, to play at cricket.", "The people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play. Ex.32.", "2. To sport; to frolick; to frisk.", "The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to day,", "Had he thy reason, would he skip and play?", "3. To toy; to act with levity.", "4. To trifle; to act wantonly and thoughtlessly.", "Men are apt to play with their healths and their lives as they do with their clothes.", "5. To do something fanciful; to give a fanciful turn to; as, to play upon words.", "6. To make sport,or practice sarcastic merriment.", "I would make use of it rather to play upon those I despise,than trifle with those I love.", "7. To mock; to practice illusion.", "Art thou alive,", "Or is it fancy plays upon our eyesight?", "8. To contend in a game; as, to play at cards or dice; to play for diversion; to play for money.", "9. To practice a trick or deception.", "His mother played false with a smith.", "10. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute, a violin or a harpsichord.", "Play, my friend, and charm the charmer.", "11. To move, or to move with alternate dilatation and contraction.", "The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play.", "12. To operate; to act. The engines play against a fire.", "13. To move irregularly; to wanton.", "Ev'n as the waving sedges play with wind.", "The setting sun", "Plays on their shining arms and burnish'd helmets.", "All fame is foreign, but of true desert,", "Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart.", "14. To act a part on the stage; to personate a character.", "A lord will hear you play to-night.", "15. To represent a standing character.", "Courts are theaters where some men play.", "16. To act in any particular character; as, to play the fool; to play the woman; to play the man.", "17. To move in any manner; to move one way and another; as any part of a machine.", "PLAY, v.t. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon or a fire-engine.", "1. To use an instrument of music; as, to play the flute or the organ.", "2. To act a sportive part or character.", "Nature here", "Wanton'd as in her prime, and play'd at will", "Her virgin fancies.", "3. To act or perform by representing a character; as, to play a comedy; to play the part of king Lear.", "4. To act; to perform; as, to play our parts well on the stage of life.", "5. To perform in contest for amusement or for a prize; as, to play a game at whist.", "To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off tricks.", "To play on or upon, to deceive; to mock or to trifle with.", "1. To give a fanciful turn to.", "PLAY, n. Any exercise or series of actions intended for pleasure, amusement or diversion, as at cricket or quoit, or at blind man's buff.", "1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.", "Two gentle fawns at play.", "2. Game; gaming; practice of contending for victory, for amusement or for a prize, as at dice, cards or billiards.", "3. Practice in any contest; as sword-play.", "He was resolved not to speak distinctly, knowing his best play to be in the dark.", "John naturally loved rough play.", "4. Action; use; employment; office.", "--But justifies the next who comes in play.", "5. Practice; action; manner of acting in contest or negotiation; as fair play; foul play.", "6. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which characters are represented by dialogue and action.", "A play ought to be a just image of human nature.", "7. Representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, to be at the play. He attends every play.", "8. Performance on an instrument of music.", "9. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as the play of a wheel or piston.", "10. State of agitation or discussion.", "Many have been sav'd, and many may,", "Who never heard this question brought in play.", "11. Room for motion.", "The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play between them.", "12. Liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; as, to give full play to mirth. Let the genius have free play."], "played": ["PLA'YED, pp. Acted; performed; put in motion."], "player": ["PLA'YER, n. One who plays in any game or sport.", "1. An idler.", "2. An actor of dramatic scenes; one whose occupation is to imitate characters on the stage.", "3. A mimic.", "4. One who performs on an instrument of music.", "5. A gamester.", "6. One that acts a part in a certain manner."], "plea": ["PLEA, n. L. lis, litis.", "1. In law, that which is alleged by a party in support of his demand; but in a more limited and technical sense, the answer of the defendant to the plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the defendant's plea. Pleas are dilatory, or pleas to the action. Dilatory pleas, are to the jurisdiction of the court, to the disability of the plaintiff, or in abatement. Pleas to the action are an answer to the merits of the complaint, which confesses or denies it. Pleas that deny the plaintiff's complaint or demand, are the general issue, which denies the whole declaration; or special pleas in bar, which state something which precludes the plaintiff's right of recovery.", "2. A cause in court; a lawsuit, or a criminal process; as the pleas of the crown; the court of common pleas.", "The supreme judicial court shall have cognizance of pleas real, personal and mixed.", "3. That which is alleged in defense or justification; an excuse; an apology; as the tyrant's plea.", "When such occasions are,", "No plea must serve; 'tis cruelty to spare.", "4. Urgent prayer or entreaty."], "plead": ["PLEAD, v.i. See Plea. In a general sense, to argue in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of another.", "1. In law, to present an answer to the declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and demand, or to allege facts which show that he ought not to recover in the suit. The plaintiff declares or alleges; the defendant pleads to his declaration. The king or the state prosecutes an offender, and the offender pleads not guilty, or confesses the charge.", "2. To urge reasons for or against; to attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication; as, to plead for the life of a criminal; to plead in his favor; to plead with a judge or with a father.", "O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for his neighbor! Job.16.", "3. To supplicate with earnestness.", "4. To urge; to press by operating on the passions.", "Since you can love,and yet your error see,", "The same resistless power may plead for me.", "PLEAD, v.t. To discuss, defend and attempt to maintain by arguments or reasons offered to the tribunal or person who has the power of determining; as, to plead a cause before a court or jury. In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers.", "1. To allege or adduce in proof, support or vindication. The law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights of embassadors.", "2. To offer in excuse.", "I will neither plead my age nor sickness in excuse of faults.", "3. To allege and offer in a legal plea or defense,or for repelling a demand in law; as, to plead usury; to plead a statute of limitations.", "4. In Scripture, to plead the cause of the righteous, as God, is to avenge or vindicate them against enemies, or to redress their grievances. Is.51."], "pleaded": ["PLE'ADED, pp. Offered or urged in defense; alleged in proof or support."], "pleading": ["PLE'ADING, ppr. Offering in defense; supporting by arguments or reasons; supplicating.", "PLE'ADING, n. The art of supporting by arguments, or of reasoning to persuade."], "pleadings": ["PLE'ADINGS, n. In law, the mutual altercations between the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in support of their claims, comprehending the declaration, count or narration of the plaintiff,the plea of the defendant in reply, the replication of the plaintiff to the defendant's plea, the defendant's rejoinder, the plaintiff's sur-rejoinder,the defendant's rebutter, the plaintiff's sur-rebutter, &c. till the question is brought to issue, that is, to rest on a single point."], "pleasant": ["PLEASANT, a. plez'ant.", "1. Pleasing; agreeable; grateful to the mind or to the senses; as a pleasant ride; a pleasant voyage; a pleasant view. Light is pleasant to the eye; an orange is pleasant to the taste; harmony is pleasant to the ear; a rose is pleasant to the smell.", "How good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! Ps.133.", "2. Cheerful; enlivening; as pleasant society or company.", "3. Gay; lively; humorous; sportive; as a pleasant companion.", "4. Trifling; adapted rather to mirth than use.", "5. Giving pleasure; gratifying.", "This word expresses less than delightful, to the mind, and delicious, to the taste."], "pleasantly": ["PLEASANTLY, adv. plez'antly. In such a manner as to please or gratify.", "1. Gayly; merrily; in good humor.", "2. Lightly; ludicrously."], "pleasantness": ["PLEASANTNESS, n. plez'antness. State of being pleasant or agreeable; as the pleasantness of a situation.", "1. Cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; as the pleasantness of youth."], "please": ["PLEASE, v.t. s as z. L. placere, placeo.", "1. To excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to gratify; as, to please the taste; to please the mind.", "Their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem, Hamor's son. Gen.34.", "Leave such to trifle with more grace than ease,", "Whom folly pleases, and whose follies please.", "2. To satisfy; to content.", "What next I bring shall please", "Thy wish exactly to thy heart's desire.", "3. To prefer; to have satisfaction in; to like; to choose.", "Many of our most skilful painters were pleased or recommend this author to me.", "To be pleased in or with, to approve; to have complacency in. Matt.3.", "To please God, is to love his character and law and perform his will, so as to become the object of his approbation.", "They that are in the flesh cannot please God. Rom.8.", "PLEASE, v.i. s as z. To like; to choose; to prefer.", "Spirits, freed from mortal laws, with ease", "Assume what sexes and what shapes they please.", "1. To condescend; to comply; to be pleased; a word of ceremony.", "Please you, lords,", "In sight of both our battles we may meet.", "The first words that I learnt were, to express my desire that he would please to give me my liberty.", "Please expresses less gratification than delight."], "pleased": ["PLE'ASED, pp. Gratified; affected with agreeable sensations or emotions."], "pleasing": ["PLE'ASING, ppr. Gratifying; exciting agreeable sensations or emotions in.", "PLE'ASING, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction; agreeable to the senses or to the mind; as a pleasing prospect; a pleasing reflection; pleasing manners.", "1. Gaining approbation. 1 John 3.", "PLE'ASING, n. The act of gratifying."], "pleasingly": ["PLE'ASINGLY, adv. In such a manner as to give pleasure."], "pleasurable": ["PLEASURABLE, a. plezh'urable. from pleasure. Pleasing; giving pleasure; affording gratification.", "Planting of orchards is very profitable as well as pleasurable."], "pleasurableness": ["PLEAS'URABLENESS, n. The quality of giving pleasure."], "pleasurably": ["PLEAS'URABLY, adv. With pleasure; with gratification of the senses or the mind."], "pleasure": ["PLEASURE, n. plezh'ur.", "1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations or emotions; the excitement, relish or happiness produced by enjoyment or the expectation of good; opposed to pain. We receive pleasure from the indulgence of appetite; from the view of a beautiful landscape; from the harmony of sounds; from agreeable society; from the expectation of seeing an absent friend; from the prospect of gain or success of any kind. Pleasure, bodily and mental, carnal and spiritual, constitutes the whole of positive happiness, as pain constitutes the whole of misery.", "Pleasure is properly positive excitement of the passions or the mind; but we give the name also to the absence of excitement, when that excitement is painful; as when we cease to labor, or repose after fatigue, or when the mind is tranquilized after anxiety or agitation.", "Pleasure is susceptible of increase to any degree; but the word when unqualified, expresses less excitement or happiness than delight or joy.", "2. Sensual or sexual gratification.", "3. Approbation.", "The Lord taketh pleasure in his people. Ps. 147.", "and 149.", "4. What the will dictates or prefers; will; choice; purpose; intention; command; as, use your pleasure.", "Cyrus, he is my shepherd and shall perform all my pleasure. Is.44.", "My counsel shall stand and I will do all my pleasure.", "Is.46.", "5. A favor; that which pleases.", "Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul. Acts.25.", "6. Arbitrary will or choice. He can vary his scheme at pleasure."], "pleasureful": ["PLEAS'UREFUL, a. Pleasant; agreeable. Little used."], "pledge": ["PLEDGE, n. L. plico.", "1. Something put in pawn; that which is deposited with another as security for the repayment of money borrowed, or for the performance of some agreement or obligation; a pawn. A borrows ten pounds of B, and deposits his watch as a pledge that the money shall be repaid; and by repayment of the money, A redeems the pledge.", "2. Any thing given or considered as a security for the performance of an act. Thus a man gives a word or makes a promise to another, which is received as a pledge for fulfillment. The mutual affection of husband and wife is a pledge for the faithful performance of the marriage covenant. Mutual interest is the best pledge for the performance of treaties.", "3. A surety; a hostage.", "4. In law, a gage or security real or personal, given for the repayment of money. It is of two kinds; vadium vivum, a living pledge, as when a man borrows money and grants an estate to be held by the pledgee, till the rents and profits shall refund the money, in which case the land or pledge is said to be living; or it is vadium mortuum, a dead pledge, called a mortgage. See Mortgage.", "5. In law, bail; surety given for the prosecution of a suit, or for the appearance of a defendant, or for restoring goods taken in distress and replevied. The distress itself is also called a pledge, and the glove formerly thrown down by a champion in trial by battel, was a pledge by which the champion stipulated to encounter his antagonist in that trial.", "6. A warrant to secure a person from injury in drinking.", "To put in pledge, to pawn.", "To hold in pledge, to keep as security.", "PLEDGE, v.t.", "1. To deposit in pawn; to deposit or leave in possession of a person something which is to secure the repayment of money borrowed, or the performance of some act. This word is applied chiefly to the depositing of goods or personal property. When real estate is given as security we usually apply the word mortgage.", "2. To give as a warrant or security; as, to pledge one's word or honor; to pledge one's veracity.", "3. To secure by a pledge.", "I accept her,", "And here to pledge my vow I give my hand. Unusual.", "4. To invite to drink by accepting the cup or health after another. Or to warrant or be surety for a person that he shall receive no harm while drinking, or from the draught; a practice which originated among our ancestors in their rude state, and which was intended to secure the person from being stabbed while drinking, or from being poisoned by the liquor. In the first case, a by-stander pledges the person drinking; in the latter, the person drinking pledges his guest by drinking first, and then handing the cup to his guest. The latter practice is frequent among the common people in America to this day; the owner of the liquor taking the cup says to his friend, I pledge you, and drinks, then hands the cup to his guest; a remarkable instance of the power of habit, as the reason of the custom has long since ceased."], "pledged": ["PLEDG'ED, pp. Deposited as security; given in warrant."], "pledging": ["PLEDG'ING, ppr. Depositing in pawn or as security; giving warrant for security or safety."], "pleiads": ["PLEIADS, n. ple'yads. L. Pleiades; Gr. to sail, as the rising of seven stars indicated the time of safe navigation.", "In astronomy, a cluster of seven stars in the neck of the constellation Taurus. The Latins called them Vergilioe, from ver, spring, because of their rising about the vernal equinox."], "plenteous": ["PLEN'TEOUS, a. from plenty. Abundant; copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; as a plenteous supply of provisions; a plenteous crop.", "1. Yielding abundance; as a plenteous fountain.", "The seven plenteous years. Gen.41.", "2. Having an abundance.", "The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. Deut.28.", "3. Possessing in abundance and ready to bestow liberally.", "Ps.86.", "This word is less used than plentiful."], "plenteously": ["PLEN'TEOUSLY, adv. In abundance; copiously; plentifully."], "plenteousness": ["PLEN'TEOUSNESS, n. Abundance; copious supply; plenty; as the seven years of plenteousness in Egypt."], "plentiful": ["PLEN'TIFUL, a. from plenty. Copious; abundant; adequate to every purpose; as a plentiful crop of grain; a plentiful harvest; a plentiful supply of water; a plentiful fortune.", "1. Yielding abundant crops; affording ample supply; fruitful; as a plentiful year."], "plentifulness": ["PLEN'TIFULNESS, n. The state of being plentiful; abundance.", "1. The quality of affording full supply."], "plenty": ["PLEN'TY, n. from L. plenus. Abundance; copiousness; full or adequate supply; as, we have a plenty of corn for bread; the garrison has a plenty of provisions. Its application to persons, as a plenty of buyers or sellers, is inelegant.", "1. Fruitfulness; a poetic use.", "The teeming clouds", "Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world.", "PLEN'TY, a. Plentiful; being in abundance.", "Where water is plenty--", "If reasons were as plenty as blackberries.", "In every country where liquors are plenty.", "The common sorts of fowls and the several gallinaceous species are plenty.", "A variety of other herbs and roots which are plenty.", "They seem formed for those countries where shrubs are plenty and water scarce.", "When laborers are plenty, their wages will be low.", "In the country, where wood is more plenty, they make their beams stronger.", "The use of this word as an adjective seems too well authorized to be rejected. It is universal in common parlance in the United States."], "plentifully": ["PLEN'TIFULLY, adv. Copiously; abundantly; with ample supply."], "plot": ["PLOT, n. a different orthography of plat.", "1. A plat or small extent of ground; as a garden plot.", "It was a chosen plot of fertile land.", "When we mean to build,", "We first survey the plot.", "2. A plantation laid out.", "3. A plan or scheme. Qu. the next word.", "4. In surveying, a plan or draught of a field, farm or manor surveyed and delineated on paper.", "PLOT, v.t. To make a plan of; to delineate.", "PLOT, n.", "1. Any scheme, stratagem or plan of a complicated nature, or consisting of many parts, adapted to the accomplishment of some purpose, usually a mischievous one. A plot may be formed by a single person or by numbers. In the latter case, it is a conspiracy or an intrigue. The latter word more generally denotes a scheme directed against individuals; the former against the government. But this distinction is not always observed.", "O think what anxious moments pass between", "The birth of plots, and their last fatal periods!", "2. In dramatic writings, the knot or intrigue; the story of a play, comprising a complication of incidents which are at last unfolded by unexpected means.", "If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from the subject, the winding up of the plot must be a probable consequence of all that went before.", "3. Contrivance; deep reach of thought; ability to plot.", "A man of much plot.", "PLOT, v.i. To form a scheme of mischief against another, or against a government or those who administer it. A traitor plots against his king.", "The wicked plotteth against the just. Ps.37.", "1. To contrive a plan; to scheme.", "The prince did plot to be secretly gone.", "PLOT, v.t. To plan; to devise; to contrive; as, to plot an unprofitable crime."], "plotted": ["PLOT'TED, pp. Contrived; planned."], "plotting": ["PLOT'TING, ppr. Contriving; planning; forming an evil design."], "plough": ["PLOUGH. See Plow."], "plow": ["PLOW, n.", "1. In agriculture, an instrument for turning up, breaking and preparing the ground for receiving the seed. It is drawn by oxen or horses and saves the labor of digging; it is therefore the most useful instrument in agriculture.", "The emperor lays hold of the plow and turns up several furrows.", "When fern succeeds, ungrateful to the plow.", "2. Figuratively, tillage; culture of the earth; agriculture.", "3. A joiner's instrument for grooving.", "PLOW, v.t. To trench and turn up with a plow; as, to plow the ground for wheat; to plow it into ridges.", "1. To furrow; to divide; to run through in sailing.", "With speed we plow the watery wave.", "2. To tear; to furrow.", "3. In Scripture, to labor in any calling.", "He that ploweth should plow in hope. 1 Cor.9.", "To plow on the back, to scourge; to mangle, or to persecute and torment. Ps.129.", "To plow with one's heifer, to deal with the wife to obtain something from the husband. Judges 14.", "To plow iniquity or wickedness, and reap it, to devise and practice it, and at last suffer the punishment of it. Job.14. Hos.10.", "To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat.", "To plow up or out, to turn out of the ground by plowing.", "To put one's hand to the plow and look back, is to enter on the service of Christ and afterwards abandon it. Luke 9.", "This difference of orthography often made between the noun and verb is wholly unwarrantable, and contrary to settled analogy in our language. Such a difference is never made in changing into verbs, plot, harrow, notice, question, and most other words. See Practice."], "plowed": ["PLOW'ED, pp. Turned up with a plow; furrowed."], "plowing": ["PLOW'ING, ppr. Turning up with a plow; furrowing.", "PLOW'ING, n. The operation of turning up ground with a plow; as the first and second plowing; three plowings."], "plower": ["PLOW'ER, n. One that plows land; a cultivator."], "plowman": ["PLOW'MAN, n. One that plows or holds a plow.", "At last the robber binds the plowman and carries him off with the oxen.", "1. A cultivator of grain; a husbandman.", "2. A rustic; a countryman; a hardy laborer."], "plowshare": ["PLOW'SHARE, n. See Shear. The part of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice to the mold-board, which turns it over."], "pluck": ["PLUCK, v.t.", "1. To pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off, out or from, with a twitch. Thus we say, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a skin; to pluck grapes or other fruit.", "They pluck the fatherless from the breast. Job.24.", "2. To strip by plucking; as, to pluck a fowl.", "They that pass by do pluck her. Ps.80.", "The sense of this verb is modified by particles.", "To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.", "He shall pluck away his crop with his feathers. Lev.1.", "To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish; or to reduce to a lower state.", "To pluck off, is to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the skin. Mic.3.", "To pluck on, to pull or draw on.", "pluck up, to tear up by the roots or from the foundation; to eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up a plant; to pluck up a nation. Jer.12.", "To pluck out, to draw out suddenly or to tear out; as, to pluck out the eyes; to pluck out the hand from the bosom. Ps.74.", "To pluck up, to resume courage; properly, to pluck up the heart. Not elegant.", "PLUCK, n. The heart, liver and lights of an animal."], "plucked": ["PLUCK'ED, pp. Pulled off; stripped of feathers or hair."], "plucking": ["PLUCK'ING, ppr. Pulling off; stripping."], "plummet": ["PLUM'MET, n. See Plumb.", "1. A long piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water.", "2. An instrument used by carpenters, masons, &c. in adjusting erections to a perpendicular line, and with a square, to determine a horizontal line. It consists of a piece of lead fastened to a line.", "3. Any weight.", "4. A piece of lead used by school boys to rule their paper for writing."], "plunge": ["PLUNGE, v.t.", "1. To thrust into water or other fluid substance, or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse in a fluid; to drive into flesh, mire or earth, &c.; as, to plunge the body in water; to plunge the arm into fire or flame; to plunge a dagger into the breast.", "2. To thrust or drive into any state in which the thing is considered as enveloped or surrounded; as, to plunge one's self into difficulties or distress; to plunge a nation into war.", "3. To baptize by immersion.", "PLUNGE, v.i. To pitch; to thrust or drive one's self into water or a fluid; to dive or to rush in. He plunged into the river.", "The troops plunged into the stream.", "His courser plung'd,", "And threw him off; the waves whelm'd over him.", "1. To fall or rush into distress or any state or circumstances in which the person or thing is enveloped, inclosed or overwhelmed; as, to plunge into a gulf; to plunge into debt or embarrassments; to plunge into war; a body of cavalry plunged into the midst of the enemy.", "2. To pitch or throw one's self headlong.", "PLUNGE, n. The act of thrusting into water or any penetrable substance.", "1. Difficulty; strait; distress; a state of being surrounded or overwhelmed with difficulties.", "People when put to a plunge, cry out to heaven for help.", "And wilt thou not reach out a friendly arm,", "To raise me from amidst this plunge of sorrow?", "In this sense, the word is now little used."], "plunged": ["PLUNG'ED, pp. Thrust into a fluid or other penetrable substance; immersed; involved in straits."], "plunging": ["PLUNG'ING, ppr. Immersing; diving; rushing headlong."], "poet": ["PO'ET, n. L. poeta. See Poem.", "1. The author of a poem; the inventor or maker of a metrical composition.", "A poet is a maker, as the word signifies; and he who cannot make, that is, invent,hath his name for nothing.", "2. One skilled in making poetry, or who has a particular genius for metrical composition; one distinguished for poetic talents. Many write verses who cannot be called poets."], "point": ["POINT, n. L. punctum, from pungo, to prick, properly to thrust, pret. pepugi, showing that n is not radical.", "1. The sharp end of any instrument or body; as the point of a knife, of a sword or of a thorn.", "2. A string with a tag; as a silken point.", "3. A small cape, headland or promontory; a tract of land extending into the sea, a lake or river, beyond the line of the shore, and becoming narrow at the end; as point Judith; Montauk point. It is smaller than a cape.", "4. The sting of an epigram; a lively turn of thought or expression that strikes with force and agreeable surprise.", "With periods, points and tropes he slurs his crimes.", "5. An indivisible part of time or space. We say, a point of time, a point of space.", "6. A small space; as a small point of land.", "7. Punctilio; nicety; exactness of ceremony; as points of precedence.", "8. Place near, next or contiguous to; verge; eve. He is on the point of departure, or at the point of death.", "9. Exact place. He left off at the point where he began.", "10. Degree; state of elevation, depression or extension; as, he has reached an extraordinary point of excellence. He has fallen to the lowest point of degradation.", "11. A character used to mark the divisions of writing, or the pauses to be observed in reading or speaking; as the comma, semi-colon, colon and period. The period is called a full stop,as it marks the close of a sentence.", "12. A spot; a part of a surface divided by spots or lines; as the ace or sise point.", "13. In geometry, that which has neither parts nor magnitude.", "A point is that which has position but not magnitude.", "A point is a limit terminating a line.", "14. In music, mark or note anciently used to distinguish tones or sounds. Hence, simple counterpoint is when a note of the lower part answers exactly to that of the upper, and figurative counterpoint, is when a note is syncopated and one of the parts makes several notes or inflections of the voice while the other holds on one.", "15. In modern music, a dot placed by a note to raise its value or prolong its time by one half, so as to make a semibreve equal to three minims; a minim equal to three quavers, &c.", "16. In astronomy, a division of the great circles of the horizon, and of the mariner's compass. The four cardinal points, are the east, west, north and south. On the space between two of these points, making a quadrant or quarter of a circle, the compass is marked with subordinate divisions, the whole number being thirty two points.", "17. In astronomy, a certain place marked in the heavens, or distinguished for its importance in astronomical calculations. The zenith and nadir are called vertical points; the nodes are the points where the orbits of the planets intersect the plane of the ecliptic; the place where the equator and ecliptic intersect are called equinoctial points; the points of the ecliptic at which the departure of the sun from the equator, north and south, is terminated, are called solstitial points.", "18. In perspective, a certain pole or place with regard to the perspective plane.", "19. In manufactories, a lace or work wrought by the needle; as point le Venice, point de Genoa, &c. Sometimes the word is used for lace woven with bobbins. Point devise is used for needle work, or for nice work.", "20. The place to which any thing is directed, or the direction in which an object is presented to the eye. We say, in this point of view, an object appears to advantage. In this or that point of view, the evidence is important.", "21. Particular; single thing or subject. In what point do we differ? All points of controversy between the parties are adjusted. We say, in point of antiquity, in point of fact, in point of excellence. The letter in every point is admirable. The treaty is executed in every point.", "22. Aim; purpose; thing to be reached or accomplished; as, to gain one's point.", "23. The act of aiming or striking.", "What a point your falcon made.", "24. A single position; a single assertion; a single part of a complicated question or of a whole.", "These arguments are not sufficient to prove the point.", "Strange point and new!", "Doctrine which we would know whence learned.", "25. A note or tune.", "Turning your tongue divine", "To a loud trumpet, and a point of war.", "26. In heraldry, points are the several different parts of the escutcheon, denoting the local positions of figures.", "27. In electricity, the acute termination of a body which facilitates the passage of the fluid to or from the body.", "28. In gunnery, point-blank denotes the shot of a gun leveled horizontally. The point-blank range is the extent of the apparent right line of a ball discharged. In shooting point-blank,the ball is supposed to move directly to the object, without a curve. Hence adverbially, the word is equivalent to directly.", "29. In marine language, points are flat pieces of braided cordage, tapering from the middle towards each end; used in reefing the courses and top-sails of square-rigged vessels.", "Point de vise, Fr. exactly in the point of view.", "Vowel-points, in the Hebrew and other eastern languages, are certain marks placed above or below the consonants, or attached to them, as in the Ethiopic, representing the vocal sounds or vowels, which precede or follow the articulations.", "The point, the subject; the main question; the precise thing to be considered, determined or accomplished. This argument may be true, but it is not to the point.", "POINT, v.t. To sharpen; to cut, forge, grind or file to an acute end; as, to point a dart or a pin; also, to taper, as a rope.", "1. To direct towards an object or place, to show its position, or excite attention to it; as, to point the finger at an object; to point the finger of scorn at one.", "2. To direct the eye or notice.", "Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and pointed to every scene of them, would see nothing but subjects of surprise.", "3. To aim; to direct towards an object; as, to point a musket at a wolf; to point a cannon at a gate.", "4. To mark with characters for the purpose of distinguishing the members of a sentence, and designating the pauses; as, to point a written composition.", "5. To mark with vowel-points.", "6. To appoint. Not in use.", "7. To fill the joints with mortar, and smooth them with the point of a trowel; as, to point a wall.", "To point out, to show by the finger or by other means.", "To point a sail, to affix points through the eyelet-holes of the reefs.", "POINT, v.i. To direct the finger for designating an object, and exciting attention to it; with at.", "Now must the world point at poor Catherine.", "Point at the tatter'd coat and ragged shoe.", "1. To indicate, as dogs do to sportsmen.", "He treads with caution, and he points with fear.", "2. To show distinctly by any means.", "To point at what time the balance of power was most equally held between the lords and commons at Rome, would perhaps admit a controversy.", "3. To fill the joints or crevices of a wall with mortar.", "4. In the rigging of a ship, to taper the end of a rope or splice, and work over the reduced part a small close netting, with an even number of knittles twisted from the same.", "To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to."], "pointed": ["POINT'ED, pp. Sharpened; formed to a point; directed; aimed.", "1. Aimed at a particular person or transaction.", "2. a. Sharp; having a sharp point; as a pointed rock.", "3. Epigrammatical; abounding in conceits or lively turns; as pointed wit."], "pointing": ["POINT'ING, ppr. Directing the finger; showing; directing.", "1. Marking with points; as a writing.", "2. Filling the joints and crevices of a wall with mortar or cement.", "POINT'ING, n. The art of making the divisions of a writing; punctuation.", "1. The state of being pointed with marks or points."], "poison": ["POISON, n. poiz'n. L. pus.", "1. A substance which, when taken into the stomach,mixed with the blood or applied to the skin or flesh, proves fatal or deleterious by an action not mechanical; venom. The more active and virulent poisons destroy life in a short time; others are slow in their operation, others produce inflammation without proving fatal. In the application of poison, much depends on the quantity.", "2. Any thing infectious, malignant, or noxious to health; as the poison of pestilential diseases.", "3. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as the poison of evil example; the poison of sin."], "poisoned": ["POIS'ONED, pp. Infected or destroyed by poison."], "poisoner": ["POIS'ONER, n. One who poisons or corrupts; that which corrupts."], "poisoning": ["POIS'ONING, ppr. Infecting with poison; corrupting."], "poisonous": ["POIS'ONOUS, a. Venomous; having the qualities of poison; corrupting; impairing soundness of purity."], "poisonously": ["POIS'ONOUSLY, adv. With fatal or injurious effects; venomously."], "poisonousness": ["POIS'ONOUSNESS, n. The quality of being fatal or injurious to health and soundness; venomousness."], "pole": ["POLE, n. L. palus. See Pale.", "1. A long slender piece of wood, or the stem of a small tree deprived of its branches. Thus seamen use poles for setting or driving boats in shallow water; the stems of small trees are used for hoops and called hoop-poles; the stems of small, but tall straight trees, are used as poles for supporting the scaffolding in building.", "2. A rod; a perch; a measure of length of five yards and a half.", "In New England, rod is generally used.", "3. An instrument for measuring.", "Bare poles. A ship is under bare poles, when her sails are all furled.", "POLE, n. L. polus; Gr. to turn.", "1. In astronomy, one of the extremities of the axis on which the sphere revolves. These two points are called the poles of the world.", "2. In spherics, a point equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere; or it is a point 90 deg. distant from the plane of a circle, and in a line passing perpendicularly through the center, called the axis. Thus the zenith and nadir are the poles of the horizon.", "3. In geography, the extremity of the earth's axis, or one of the points on the surface of our globe through which the axis passes.", "4. The star which is vertical to the pole of the earth; the pole-star.", "Poles of the ecliptic, are two points on the surface of the sphere, 23 deg. 30' distant from the poles of the world.", "Magnetic poles, two points in a lodestone, corresponding to the poles of the world; the one pointing to the north, the other to the south.", "POLE, n. from Poland. A native of Poland.", "POLE, v.t. To furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans.", "1. To bear or convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn.", "2. To impel by poles, as a boat; to push forward by the use of poles."], "poling": ["PO'LING, n. In gardening, the operation of dispersing the worm-casts all over the walks, with long ash poles. This destroys the worm-casts and is beneficial to the walks.", "PO'LING, ppr. Furnishing with poles for support.", "1. Bearing on poles.", "2. Pushing forward with poles, as a boat."], "policy": ["POL'ICY, n. L. politia; Gr. city.", "1. Policy, in its primary signification, is the same as polity, comprehending the fundamental constitution or frame of civil government in a state or kingdom. But by usage, policy is now more generally used to denote what is included under legislation and administration, and may be defined, the art or manner of governing a nation; or that system of measures which the sovereign of a country adopts and pursues, as best adapted to the interests of the nation. Thus we speak of domestic policy, or the system of internal regulations in a nation; foreign policy, or the measures which respect foreign nations; commercial policy, or the measures which respect commerce.", "2. Art, prudence, wisdom or dexterity in the management of public affairs; applied to persons governing. It has been the policy of France to preclude females from the throne. It has been the policy of Great Britain to encourage her navy, by keeping her carrying trade in her own hands. In this she manifests sound policy. Formerly, England permitted wool to be exported and manufactured in the Low Countries, which was very bad policy.", "The policy of all laws has made some forms necessary in the wording of last wills and testaments.", "All violent policy defeats itself.", "3. In common usage, the art, prudence or wisdom of individuals in the management of their private or social concerns.", "4. Stratagem; cunning; dexterity of management.", "5. A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds.", "6. Policy, in commerce, the writing or instrument by which a contract of indemnity is effected between the insurer and the insured; or the instrument containing the terms or conditions on which a person or company undertakes to indemnify another person or company against losses of property exposed to peculiar hazards, as houses or goods exposed to fire, or ships and goods exposed to destruction on the high seas. This writing is subscribed by the insurer, who is called the underwriter. The terms policy of insurance, or assurance, are also used for the contract between the insured and the underwriter.", "Policies are valued or open; valued, when the property or goods insured are valued at prime cost; open, when the goods are not valued, but if lost, their value must be proved.", "Wagering policies, which insure sums of money, interest or no interest, are illegal.", "All insurances, interest or no interest, or without further proof of interest than the policy itself, are null and void.", "The word policy is used also for the writing which insures against other events, as well as against loss of property."], "polish": ["PO'LISH, a. Pertaining to Poland, a level country on the south of Russia and the Baltic."], "polishable": ["POL'ISHABLE, a. Capable of being polished."], "polished": ["POL'ISHED, pp. Made smooth and glossy; refined."], "polisher": ["POL'ISHER, n. The person or instrument that polishes."], "polishing": ["POL'ISHING, ppr. Making smooth and glossy; refining.", "POL'ISHING, n. Smoothness; glossiness; refinement."], "poll": ["POLL, n.", "1. The head of a person, or the back part of the head, and in composition, applied to the head of a beast, as in poll-evil.", "2. A register of heads, that is, of persons.", "3. The entry of the names of electors who vote for civil officers. Hence,", "4. An election of civil officers, or the place of election.", "Our citizens say, at the opening or close of the poll, that is, at the beginning of the register of voters and reception of votes, or the close of the same. They say also, we are going to the poll; many voters appeared at the poll.", "5. A fish called a chub or chevin. See Pollard.", "POLL, v.t. To lop the tops of trees.", "1. To clip; to cut off the ends; to cut off hair or wool; to shear. The phrases, to poll the hair, and to poll the head, have been used. The latter is used in 2 Sam.14.26. To poll a deed, is a phrase still used in law language.", "2. To mow; to crop. Not used.", "3. To peel; to strip; to plunder.", "4. To take a list or register of persons; to enter names in a list.", "5. To enter one's name in a list or register.", "6. To insert into a number as a voter."], "pollute": ["POLLU'TE, v.t. L. polluo; polluceo and possideo.", "1. To defile; to make foul or unclean; in a general sense. But appropriately, among the Jews, to make unclean or impure, in a legal or ceremonial sense, so as to disqualify a person for sacred services, or to render things unfit for sacred uses. Num.18. Ex.20. 2 Kings 23. 2 Chron.36.", "2. To taint with guilt.", "Ye pollute yourselves with all your idols. Ezek.20.", "3. To profane; to use for carnal or idolatrous purposes.", "My sabbaths they greatly polluted. Ezek.20.", "4. To corrupt or impair by mixture of ill, moral or physical.", "Envy you my praise, and would destroy", "With grief my pleasures, and pollute my joy?", "5. To violate by illegal sexual commerce.", "POLLU'TE, a. Polluted; defiled."], "polluted": ["POLLU'TED, pp. Defiled; rendered unclean; tainted with guilt; impaired; profaned."], "polluter": ["POLLU'TER, n. A defiler; one that pollutes or profanes."], "polluting": ["POLLU'TING, ppr. Defiling; rendering unclean; corrupting; profaning."], "pollution": ["POLLU'TION, n. L. pollutio.", "1. The act of polluting.", "2. Defilement; uncleanness; impurity; the state of being polluted.", "3. In the Jewish economy, legal or ceremonial uncleanness, which disqualified a person for sacred services or for common intercourse with the people, or rendered any thing unfit for sacred use.", "4. In medicine, the involuntary emission of semen in sleep.", "5. In a religious sense, guilt,the effect of sin; idolatry, &c."], "pollux": ["POL'LUX, n. A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini or the Twins.", "1. See Castor."], "pomegranate": ["POMEGRAN'ATE, n. L. pomum, an apple, and granatum, grained. See Grain and Granate.", "1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus Punica. This fruit is as large as an orange, having a hard rind filled with a soft pulp and numerous seeds. It is of a reddish color.", "2. The tree that produces pomegranates.", "3. An ornament resembling a pomegranate, on the robe and ephod of the Jewish high priest."], "pommel": ["POMMEL, n. L. pomum, an apple, or a similar fruit.", "1. A knob or ball. 2 Chron. 4.", "2. The knob on the hilt of a sword; the protuberant part of a saddle-bow; the round knob on the frame of a chair, &c.", "POMMEL, v.t. from the noun. To beat as with a pommel, that is, with something thick or bulky; to bruise.", "The French se pommeler, to grow dapple, to curdle, is from the same source; but the sense is to make knobs or lumps, and hence to variegate, or make spots like knobs. The Welsh have from the same root, or pwmp,a mass, pwmpiaw, to form a round mass, and to thump, to bang, Eng. to bump."], "pommeled": ["POMMELED, pp. Beaten; bruised.", "1. In heraldry, having pommels; as a sword or dagger."], "pomp": ["POMP, n. L. pompa; bombus; Eng. bomb, bombast.", "1. A procession distinguished by ostentation of grandeur and splendor; as the pomp of a Roman triumph.", "2. Show of magnificence; parade; splendor.", "Hearts formed for love, but doom'd in vain to glow", "In prison'd pomp, and weep in splendid woe."], "pond": ["POND, n. L. pono; pontus, the sea.", "1. A body of stagnant water without an outlet, larger than a puddle, and smaller than a lake; or a like body of water with a small outlet. In the United States, we give this name to collections of water in the interior country, which are fed by springs, and from which issues a small stream. These ponds are often a mile or two or even more in length, and the current issuing from them is used to drive the wheels of mills and furnaces.", "2. A collection of water raised in a river by a dam, for the purpose of propelling mill-wheels. These artificial ponds are called mill-ponds.", "Pond for fist. See Fish-pond.", "POND, v.t. from the noun. To make a pond; to collect in a pond by stopping the current of a river.", "POND, v.t. To ponder. Not in use."], "ponder": ["PON'DER, v.t. L. pondero, from pondo, pondus, a pound; pendeo,pendo, to weigh.", "1. To weigh in the mind; to consider and compare the circumstances or consequences of an event, or the importance of the reasons for or against a decision.", "Mary kept all these things, and pondered them in her heart. Luke 2.", "2. To view with deliberation; to examine.", "Ponder the path of thy feet. Prov.4.", "The Lord pondereth the hearts. Prov.21.", "To ponder on, is sometimes used, but is not be to countenanced."], "ponderable": ["PON'DERABLE, a. That may be weighed; capable of being weighed."], "ponderal": ["PON'DERAL, a. from L. pondus, weight. Estimated or ascertained by weight, as distinguished from numeral; as a ponderal drachma."], "ponderance": ["PON'DERANCE, n. Weight; gravity."], "ponderate": ["PON'DERATE, v.t. To weigh in the mind; to consider. Not in use."], "ponderation": ["PONDERA'TION, n. The act of weighing. Little used."], "pondered": ["PON'DERED, pp. Weighed in the mind; considered; examined by intellectual operation."], "ponderer": ["PON'DERER, n. One that weighs in his mind."], "pondering": ["PON'DERING, ppr. Weighing intellectually; considering; deliberating on."], "ponderingly": ["PON'DERINGLY, adv. With consideration or deliberation."], "ponderous": ["PON'DEROUS, a. L. ponderosus.", "1. Very heavy; weighty; as a ponderous shield; a ponderous load.", "2. Important; momentous; as a ponderous project. This application of the word is unusual.", "3. Forcible; strongly impulsive; as a motion vehement or ponderous; a ponderous blow.", "Ponderous spar, heavy spar, or baryte."], "ponderously": ["PON'DEROUSLY, adv. With great weight."], "ponderousness": ["PON'DEROUSNESS, n. Weight; heaviness; gravity."], "pool": ["POOL, n. L. palus; Gr. probably from setting, standing, like L. stagnum, or from issuing, as a spring.", "A small collection of water in a hollow place, supplied by a spring, and discharging its surplus water by an outlet. It is smaller than a lake, and in New England is never confounded with pond or lake. It signifies with us, a spring with a small basin or reservoir on the surface of the earth. It is used by writers with more latitude, and sometimes signifies a body of stagnant water.", "POOL"], "poor": ["POOR, a. L. pauper.", "1. Wholly destitute of property, or not having property sufficient for a comfortable subsistence; needy. It is often synonymous with indigent, and with necessitous, denoting extreme want; it is also applied to persons who are not entirely destitute of property, but are not rich; as a poor man or woman; poor people", "2. In law, so destitute of property as to be entitled to maintenance from the public.", "3. Destitute of strength, beauty or dignity; barren; mean; jejune; as a poor composition; a poor essay; a poor discourse.", "4. Destitute of value, worth or importance; of little use; trifling.", "That I have wronged no man, will be a poor plea or apology at the last day.", "5. Paltry; mean; of little value; as a poor coat; a poor house.", "6. Destitute of fertility; barren; exhausted; as poor land. The ground is become poor.", "7. Of little worth; unimportant; as in my poor opinion.", "8. Unhappy; pitiable.", "Vex'd sailors curse the rain", "For which poor shepherds pray'd in vain.", "9. Mean; depressed; low; dejected; destitute of spirit.", "A soothsayer made Antonius believe that his genius,which was otherwise brave, was, in the presence of Octavianus, poor and cowardly.", "10. Lean; emaciated; as a poor horse. The ox is poor.", "11. Small, or of a bad quality; as a poor crop; a poor harvest.", "12. Uncomfortable; restless; ill. The patient has had a poor night.", "13. Destitute of saving grace. Rev.3.", "14. In general, wanting good qualities, or the qualities which render a thing valuable, excellent, proper, or sufficient for its purpose; as a poor pen; a poor ship; a poor carriage; poor fruit; poor bread; poor wine, &c.", "15. A word of tenderness or pity; dear.", "Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing.", "16. A word of slight contempt; wretched.", "The poor monk never saw many of the decrees and councils he had occasion to use.", "17. The poor, collectively, used as a noun; those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy; in a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the public.", "I have observed the more public provisions are made for the poor, the less they provide for themselves.", "Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble; contrite; abased in one's own sight by a sense of guilt. Matt.5."], "poorness": ["POOR'NESS, n. Destitution of property; indigence; poverty; want; as the poorness of the exchequer.", "No less I hate him than the gates of hell,", "That poorness can force an untruth to tell.", "In this sense, we generally use poverty.", "1. Meanness; lowness; want of dignity; as the poorness of language.", "2. Want of spirit; as poorness and degeneracy of spirit.", "3. Barrenness; sterility; as the poorness of land or soil.", "4. Unproductiveness; want of the metallic substance; as the poorness of ore.", "5. Smallness or bad quality; as the poorness of crops or of grain.", "6. Want of value or importance; as the poorness of a plea.", "7. Want of good qualities, or the proper qualities which constitute a thing good in its kind; as the poorness of a ship or of cloth.", "8. Narrowness; barrenness; want of capacity.", "Poorness of spirit, in a theological sense, true humility or contrition of heart on account of sin."], "poplar": ["POP'LAR, n. L. populus. A tree of the genus Populus, of several species, as the abele, the white poplar,the black poplar, the aspen-tree, &c. It is numbered among the aquatic trees."], "populate": ["POP'ULATE, v.i. L. populus. To breed people; to propagate.", "When there be great shoals of people which go on to populate.", "POP'ULATE, v.t. To people; to furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase, or by immigration or colonization."], "populated": ["POP'ULATED, pp. Furnished with inhabitants; peopled."], "populating": ["POP'ULATING, ppr. Peopling."], "population": ["POPULA'TION, n. The act or operation of peopling or furnishing with inhabitants; multiplication of inhabitants. The value of our western lands is annually enhanced by population.", "1. The whole number of people or inhabitants in a country. The population of England is estimated at ten millions of souls; that of the United States in 1823, was ten millions.", "A country may have a great population, and yet not be populous.", "2. The state of a country with regard to its number of inhabitants, or rather with regard to its numbers compared with their expenses, consumption of goods and productions, and earnings.", "Neither is the population to be reckoned only by number; for a smaller number that spend more and earn less, do wear out an estate sooner than a greater number that live lower and gather more."], "populous": ["POP'ULOUS, a. L. populosus. Full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country. A territory containing fifteen or twenty inhabitants to a square mile is not a populous country. The Netherlands, and some parts of Italy, containing a hundred and fifty inhabitants to a square mile, are deemed populous."], "populously": ["POP'ULOUSLY, adv. With many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of country."], "populousness": ["POP'ULOUSNESS, n. The state of having many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of country.", "By populousness, in contradistinction to population, is understood the proportion the number bears to the surface of the ground they live on."], "porch": ["PORCH, n. L. porticus, from porta, a gate, entrance or passage, or from portus, a shelter.", "1. In architecture, a kind of vestibule supported by columns at the entrance of temples, halls, churches or other buildings.", "2. A portico; a covered walk.", "3. By way of distinction, the porch, was a public portico in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher, taught his disciples. It was called the painted porch, from the pictures of Polygnotus and other eminent painters, with which it was adorned. Hence, the Porch is equivalent to the school of the Stoics."], "port": ["PORT, n. L. portus, porto, to carry; L. fero; Eng. to bear.", "1. A harbor; a haven; any bay,cove, inlet or recess of the sea or of a lake or the mouth of a river, which ships or vessels can enter, and where they can lie safe from injury by storms. Ports may be natural or artificial, and sometimes works of art, as piers and moles, are added to the natural shores of a place to render a harbor more safe. The word port is generally applied to spacious harbors much resorted to be ships, as the port of London or of Boston, and not to small bays or coves which are entered occasionally, or in stress of weather only. Harbor includes all places of safety for shipping.", "2. A gate. L. porta.", "From their ivory port the cherubim", "Forth issued.", "3. An embrasure or opening in the side of a ship of war, through which cannon are discharged; a port-hole.", "4. The lid which shuts a port-hole.", "5. Carriage; air; mien; manner of movement or walk; demeanor; external appearance; as a proud port; the port of a gentleman.", "Their port was more than human.", "With more terrific port", "Thou walkest.", "6. In seamen's language,the larboard or left side of a ship; as in the phrase,\"the ship heels to port.\" \"Port the helm,\" is an order to put the helm to the larboard side.", "7. A kind of wine made in Portugal; so called from Oporto.", "of the voice, in music, the faculty or habit of making the shakes, passages and diminutions, in which the beauty of a song consists.", "PORT, v.t. To carry in form; as ported spears.", "1. To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship. See the noun, No.6. It is used in the imperative."], "portative": ["PORTATIVE, a. Portable. Not used."], "porte": ["PORTE, n. The Ottoman court, so called from the gate of the Sultan's palace where justice is administered; as the Sublime Porte."], "ported": ["PORTED, a. Having gates. Not used.", "1. Borne in a certain or regular order."], "porter": ["PORTER, n. L. porta, a gate.", "1. A man that has the charge of a door or gate; a door-keeper.", "2. One that waits at the door to receive messages.", "3. L. porto. A carrier; a person who carries or conveys burdens for hire.", "4. A malt liquor which differs from ale and pale beer, in being made with high dried malt."], "portion": ["PORTION, n. L. portio, from partio, to divide, from pars, part. See Part.", "1. In general, a part of any thing separated from it. Hence,", "2. A part, though not actually divided, but considered by itself.", "These are parts of his ways, but how little a portion is heard of him. Job.26.", "3. A part assigned; an allotment; a dividend.", "How small", "A portion to your share would fall.", "The priests had a portion assigned them of Pharaoh. Gen.47.", "4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate.", "5. A wife's fortune.", "PORTION, v.t. To divide; to parcel; to allot a share or shares.", "And portion to his tribes the wide domain.", "1. To endow.", "Him portion'd maids, apprentic'd orphans blest."], "portioned": ["PORTIONED, pp. Divided into shares or parts.", "1. Endowed; furnished with a portion."], "portioner": ["PORTIONER, n. One who divides or assigns in shares."], "portioning": ["PORTIONING, ppr. Dividing; endowing."], "possess": ["POSSESS', v.t. L. possessus, possideo, a compound of po, a Russian preposition, perhaps by, and sedeo, to sit; to sit in or on.", "1. To have the just and legal title, ownership or property of a thing; to own; to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, or to hold both the title and the thing. A man may possess the farm which he cultivates,or he may possess an estate in a foreign country, not in his own occupation. He may possess many farms which are occupied by tenants. In this as in other cases, the original sense of the word is enlarged, the holding or tenure being applied to the title or right, as well as to the thing itself.", "2. To hold; to occupy without title or ownership.", "I raise up the Chaldeans, to possess the dwelling-places that are not theirs. Hab.1.", "Neither said any of them that aught of the things which he possessed was his own. Acts.4.", "3. To have; to occupy. The love of the world usually possesses the heart.", "4. To seize; to gain; to obtain the occupation of.", "The English marched towards the river Eske, intending to possess a hill called Under-Eske.", "5. To have power over; as an invisible agent or spirit.", "Luke 8.", "Beware what spirit rages in your breast;", "For ten inspired, ten thousand are possess'd.", "6. To affect by some power.", "Let not your ears despise my tongue,", "Which shall possess them with the heaviest sound", "That ever yet they heard.", "To possess of, or with, more properly to possess of, is to give possession, command or occupancy.", "Of fortune's favor long possess'd", "This possesses us of the most valuable blessing of human life, friendship.", "To possess one's self of, to take or gain possession or command; to make one's self master of.", "We possessed ourselves of the kingdom of Naples.", "To possess with, to furnish or fill with something permanent; or to be retained.", "It is of unspeakable advantage to possess our minds with an habitual good intention.", "If they are possessed with honest minds."], "possessed": ["POSSESS'ED, pp. Held by lawful title; occupied; enjoyed; affected by demons or invisible agents."], "possessing": ["POSSESS'ING, ppr. Having or holding by absolute right or title; occupying; enjoying."], "possession": ["POSSES'SION, n. The having, holding or detention of property in one's power or command; actual seizin or occupancy, either rightful or wrongful. One man may have the possession of a thing, and another may have the right of possession or property.", "If the possession is severed from the property; if A has the right of property, and B by unlawful means has gained possession, this is an injury to A. This is a bare or naked possession.", "In bailment, the bailee, who receives goods to convey, or to keep for a time, has the possession of the goods, and a temporary right over them, but not the property. Property in possession, includes both the right and the occupation. Long undisturbed possession is presumptive proof of right or property in the possessor.", "1. The thing possessed; land, estate or goods owned; as foreign possessions.", "The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. Obad.17.", "When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions. Matt.19.", "2. Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed. Christian peace of mind is the best possession of life.", "3. The state of being under the power of demons or invisible beings; madness; lunacy; as demoniacal possession.", "Writ of possession, a precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of property recovered in ejectment.", "To take possession, to enter on, or to bring within one's power or occupancy.", "To give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy.", "POSSES'SION, v.t. To invest with property. Not used."], "possessive": ["POSSESS'IVE, a. L. possessivus. Pertaining to possession; having possession.", "Possessive case, in English grammar, is the genitive case, or case of nouns and pronouns, which expresses, 1st, possession, ownership, as John's book; or 2dly, some relation of one thing to another, as Homer's admirers."], "possessor": ["POSSESS'OR, n. An occupant; one that has possession; a person who holds in his hands or power any species of property, real or personal. The owner or proprietor of property is the permanent possessor by legal right; the lessee of land and the bailee of goods are temporary possessors by right; the disseizor of land and the thief are wrongful possessors.", "1. One that has, holds or enjoys any good or other thing.", "Think of the happiness of the prophets and apostles, saints and martyrs, possessors of eternal glory."], "possibility": ["POSSIBIL'ITY, n. from possible. The power of being or existing; the power of happening; the state of being possible. It often implies improbability or great uncertainty. There is a possibility that a new star may appear this night. There is a possibility of a hard frost in July in our latitude. It is not expedient to hazard much on the bare possibility of success. It is prudent to reduce contracts to writing, and to render them so explicit as to preclude the possibility of mistake or controversy."], "possible": ["POS'SIBLE, a. L. possibilis, from posse. See Power.", "That may be or exist; that may be now, or may happen or come to pass; that may be done; not contrary to the nature of things. It is possible that the Greeks and Turks may now be engaged in battle. It is possible that peace of Europe may continue a century. It is not physically possible that a stream should ascend a mountain, but it is possible that the Supreme Being may suspend a law of nature, that is, his usual course of proceeding. It is not possible that 2 and 3 should be 7, or that the same action should be morally right and morally wrong.", "This word when pronounced with a certain emphasis, implies improbability. A thing is possible, but very improbable."], "possibly": ["POS'SIBLY, adv. By any power, moral or physical, really existing. Learn all that can possibly be known.", "Can we possibly his love desert?", "1. Perhaps; without absurdity.", "Arbitrary power tends to make a man a bad sovereign, who might possibly have been a good one, had he been invested with authority circumscribed by laws."], "post": ["POST, a. Suborned; hired to do what is wrong. Not in use.", "POST, n. L. postis, from positus, the given participle of pono, to place.", "1. A piece of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake, and intended to support something else; as the posts of a house; the posts of a door; the posts of a gate; the posts of a fence.", "2. A military station; the place where a single soldier or a body of troops is stationed. The sentinel must not desert his post. The troops are ordered to defend the post. Hence,", "3. The troops stationed in a particular place, or the ground they occupy.", "4. A public office or employment, that is, a fixed place or station.", "When vice prevails and impious men bear sway,", "The post of honor is a private station.", "5. A messenger or a carrier of letters and papers; one that goes at stated times to convey the mail or dispatches. This sense also denotes fixedness, either from the practice of using relays of horses stationed at particular places, or of stationing men for carrying dispatches, or from the fixed stages where they were to be supplied with refreshment. See Stage. Xenophon informs us the Cyrus, king of Persia, established such stations or houses.", "6. A seat or situation.", "7. A sort of writing paper, such as is used for letters; letter paper.", "8. An old game at cards.", "To ride post, to be employed to carry dispatches and papers, and as such carriers rode in haste, hence the phrase signifies to ride in haste, to pass with expedition. Post is used also adverbially, for swiftly, expeditiously, or expressly.", "Sent from Media post to Egypt.", "Hence, to travel post, is to travel expeditiously by the use of fresh horses taken at certain stations.", "Knight of the post, a fellow suborned or hired to do a bad action.", "POST, v.i. To travel with speed.", "And post o'er land and ocean without rest.", "POST, v.t. To fix to a post; as, to post a notification.", "1. To expose to public reproach by fixing the name to a post; to expose to opprobrium by some public action; as, to post a coward.", "2. To advertise on a post or in a public place; as, to post a stray horse.", "3. To set; to place; to station; as, to post troops on a hill, or in front or on the flank of an army.", "4. In book-keeping, to carry accounts from the waste-book or journal to the ledger.", "To post off, to put off; to delay. Not used.", "POST, a Latin preposition, signifying after. It is used in this sense in composition in many English words."], "posted": ["POSTED, pp. Placed; stationed.", "1. Exposed on a post or by public notice.", "2. Carried to a ledger, as accounts."], "posting": ["POSTING, ppr. Setting up on a post; exposing the name or character to reproach by public advertisement.", "1. Placing; stationing.", "2. Transferring accounts to a ledger."], "poster": ["POSTER, n. One who posts; also, a courier; one that travels expeditiously."], "posterity": ["POSTER'ITY, n. L. posteritas, from posterus, from post, after.", "1. Descendants; children, children's children, &c. indefinitely; the race that proceeds from a progenitor. The whole human race are the posterity of Adam.", "2. In a general sense, succeeding generations; opposed to ancestors.", "To the unhappy that unjustly bleed,", "Heav'n gives posterity t' avenge the deed."], "pot": ["POT, n.", "1. A vessel more deep than broad, made of earth, or iron or other metal, used for several domestic purposes; as an iron pot, for boiling meat or vegetables; a pot for holding liquors; a cup, as a pot of ale; an earthen pot for plants, called a flower pot, &c.", "2. A sort of paper of small sized sheets.", "To go to pot, to be destroyed, ruined, wasted or expended. A low phrase.", "POT, v.t. To preserve seasoned in pots; as potted fowl and fish.", "1. To inclose or cover in pots of earth.", "2. To put in casks for draining; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the cooler and placing it in hogsheads with perforated heads, from which the molasses percolates through the spongy stalk of a plantain leaf."], "potted": ["POT'TED, pp. Preserved or inclosed in a pot; drained in a cask."], "potting": ["POT'TING, n. form pot. Drinking; tippling.", "1. In the W. Indies,the process of putting sugar in casks for draining.", "POT'TING, ppr. Preserving in a pot; draining, as above; drinking."], "potent": ["PO'TENT, a. L. potens. Powerful; physically strong; forcible; efficacious; as a potent medicine.", "Moses once more his potent rod extends.", "1. Powerful, in a moral sense; having great influence; as potent interest; a potent argument.", "2. Having great authority, control or dominion; as a potent prince.", "PO'TENT, n. A prince; a potentate. Not in use.", "1. A walking staff or crutch. Not used."], "potentate": ["PO'TENTATE, n. A person who possesses great power or sway; a prince; a sovereign; an emperor, king or monarch.", "Exalting him not only above earthly princes and potentates, but above the highest of the celestial hierarchy."], "potently": ["PO'TENTLY, adv. Powerfully; with great force or energy.", "You are potently opposed."], "potentness": ["PO'TENTNESS, n. Powerfulness; strength; might. Little used."], "potsherd": ["POT'SHERD, n. A piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job 2."], "pottage": ["POT'TAGE, n. Broth; soup. See Potage, the more correct orthography."], "potter": ["POT'TER, n. form pot. One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels."], "pound": ["POUND, n. L. pondo, pondus, weight, a pound; pendo, to weigh, to bend.", "1. A standard weight consisting of twelve ounces troy or sixteen ounces avoirdupois.", "2. A money of account consisting of twenty shillings, the value of which is different in different countries. The pound sterling is equivalent to .44.44 cts. money of the United States. In New England and Virginia, the pound is equal to  1/3; in New York to  1/2.", "POUND, n. An inclosure erected by authority, in which cattle or other beasts are confined when taken in trespassing, or going at large in violation of law; a pin-fold.", "POUND, v.t. To confine in a public pound.", "POUND, v.t.", "1. To beat; to strike with some heavy instrument, and with repeated blows, so as to make an impression.", "With cruel blows she pounds her blubber'd cheeks.", "2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine parts by a heavy instrument; as, to pound spice or salt.", "Loud strokes with pounding spice the fabric rend."], "pounded": ["POUND'ED, pp. Beaten or bruised with a heavy instrument; pulverized or broken by pounding.", "1. Confined in a pound; impounded."], "pounding": ["POUND'ING, ppr. Beating; bruising; pulverizing; impounding."], "pour": ["POUR, v.t.", "1. To throw, as a fluid in a stream, either out of a vessel, or into it; as, to pour water from a pail, or out of a pail; to pour wine into a decanter. Pour is appropriately but not exclusively applied to fluids, and signifies merely to cast or throw, and this sense is modified by out, from, in, into, against, on, upon, under, &c. It is applied not only to liquors, but to other fluids, and to substances consisting of fine particles; as, to pour a stream of gas or air upon a fire; to pour out sand. It expresses particularly the bestowing or sending forth in copious abundance.", "I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh. Joel 2.", "To pour out dust. Lex.14.", "2. To emit; to send forth in a stream or continued succession.", "London doth pout out her citizens.", "3. To send forth; as, to pour out words, prayers or sighs; to pour out the heart or soul. Ps.62.42.", "4. To throw in profusion or with overwhelming force.", "I will shortly pour out my fury on thee. Ezek.7.", "POUR, v.i. To flow; to issue forth in a stream, or continued succession of parts; to move or rush, as a current. The torrent pours down from the mountain, or along the steep descent.", "1. To rush in a crowd or continued procession.", "A ghastly band of giants,", "All pouring down the mountain, crowd the shore."], "poured": ["POURED, pp. Sent forth; thrown; as a fluid."], "pouring": ["POURING, ppr. Sending, as a fluid; driving in a current or continued stream."], "poverty": ["POV'ERTY, n. L. paupertas. See Poor.", "1. Destitution of property; indigence; want of convenient means of subsistence. The consequence of poverty is dependence.", "The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. Prov.23.", "2. Barrenness of sentiment or ornament; defect; as the poverty of a composition.", "3. Want; defect of words; as the poverty of language."], "powder": ["POW'DER, n. L. pulvis.", "1. Any dry substance composed of minute particles, whether natural or artificial; more generally, a substance comminuted or triturated to fine particles. Thus dust is the powder of earth; flour is the powder of grain. But the word is particularly applied to substances reduced to fine particles for medicinal purposes.", "2. A composition of saltpeter, sulphur and charcoal, mixed and granulated; gun-powder.", "3. Hair powder; pulverized starch.", "POW'DER, v.t. To reduce to fine particles; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate; to pound, grind or rub into fine particles.", "1. To sprinkle with powder; as, to powder the hair.", "2. To sprinkle with salt; to corn; as meat.", "POW'DER, v.i. To come violently. Not in use."], "powdered": ["POW'DERED, pp. Reduced to powder; sprinkled with powder; corned; salted."], "powdering": ["POW'DERING, ppr. Pulverizing; sprinkling with powder; corning; salting."], "power": ["POW'ER, n. The Latin has posse, possum, potes, potentia. The primary sense of the verb is to strain, to exert force.", "1. In a philosophical sense, the faculty of doing or performing any thing; the faculty of moving or of producing a change in something; ability or strength. A man raises his hand by his own power, or by power moves another body. The exertion of power proceeds from the will, and in strictness, no being destitute of will or intelligence, can exert power. Power in man is active or speculative. Active power is that which moves the body; speculative power is that by which we see, judge, remember, or in general, by which we think.", "Power may exist without exertion. We have power to speak when we are silent.", "Power has been distinguished also into active and passive,the power of doing or moving, and the power of receiving impressions or of suffering. In strictness, passive power is an absurdity in terms. To say that gold has a power to be melted,is improper language,yet for want of a more appropriate word, power is often used in a passive sense, and is considered as two-fold; viz.as able to make or able to receive any change.", "2. Force; animal strength; as the power of the arm, exerted in lifting, throwing or holding.", "3. Force; strength; energy; as the power of the mind, of the imagination, of the fancy. He has not powers of genius adequate to the work.", "4. Faculty of the mind, as manifested by a particular mode of operation; as the power of thinking, comparing and judging; the reasoning powers.", "5. Ability, natural or moral. We say, a man has the power of doing good; his property gives him the power of relieving the distressed; or he has the power to persuade others to do good; or it is not in his power to pay his debts. The moral power of man is also his power of judging or discerning in moral subjects.", "6. In mechanics, that which produces motion or force, or which may be applied to produce it. Thus the inclined plane is called a mechanical power, as it produces motion, although this in reality depends on gravity. The wheel and axle, and the lever, are mechanical powers, as they may be applied to produce force. These powers are also called forces, and they are of two kinds, moving power, and sustaining power.", "7. Force. The great power of the screw is of extensive use in compression. The power of steam is immense.", "8. That quality in any natural body which produces a change or makes an impression on another body; as the power of medicine; the power of heat; the power of sound.", "9. Force; strength; momentum; as the power of the wind, which propels a ship or overturns a building.", "10. Influence; that which may move the mind; as the power of arguments or of persuasion.", "11. Command; the right of governing, or actual government; dominion; rule, sway; authority. A large portion of Asia is under the power of the Russian emperor. The power of the British monarch is limited by law. The powers of government are legislative, executive, judicial, and ministerial.", "Power is no blessing in itself, but when it is employed to protect the innocent.", "Under this sense may be comprehended civil, political, ecclesiastical, and military power.", "12. A sovereign, whether emperor, king or governing prince or the legislature of a state; as the powers of Europe; the great powers; the smaller powers. In this sense, the state or nation governed seems to be included in the word power. Great Britain is a great naval power.", "13. One invested with authority; a ruler; a civil magistrate. Rom.13.", "14. Divinity; a celestial or invisible being or agent supposed to have dominion over some part of creation; as celestial powers; the powers of darkness.", "15. That which has physical power; an army; a navy; a host; a military force.", "Never such a power--", "Was levied in the body of a land.", "16. Legal authority; warrant; as a power of attorney; an agent invested with ample power. The envoy has full powers to negotiate a treaty.", "17. In arithmetic and algebra, the product arising from the multiplication of a number or quantity into itself; as, a cube is the third power; the biquadrate is the fourth power.", "18. In Scripture, right; privilege. John 1. 1 Cor.9.", "19. Angels, good or bad. Col 1. Eph. 6.", "20. Violence, force; compulsion. Ezek. 4.", "21. Christ is called the power of God, as through him and his gospel, God displays his power and authority in ransoming and saving sinners. 1 Cor.1.", "22. The powers of heaven may denote the celestial luminaries. Matt.24.", "23. Satan is said to have the power of death, as he introduced sin, the cause of death, temporal and eternal, and torments men with the feat of death and future misery.", "24. In vulgar language, a large quantity; a great number; as a power of good things. This is, I believe, obsolete, even among our common people.", "Power of attorney, authority given to a person to act for another."], "powerful": ["POW'ERFUL, a. Having great physical or mechanical power; strong; forcible; mighty; as a powerful army or navy; a powerful engine.", "1. Having great moral power; forcible to persuade or convince the mind; as a powerful reason or argument.", "2. Possessing great political and military power; strong in extent of dominion or national resources; potent; as a powerful monarch or prince; a powerful nation.", "3. Efficacious; possessing or exerting great force or producing great effects; as a powerful medicine.", "4. In general, able to produce great effects; exerting great force or energy; as a powerful eloquence.", "The word of God is quick and powerful. Heb.4.", "5. Strong; intense; as a powerful heat or light."], "powerfulness": ["POW'ERFULNESS, n. The quality of having or exerting great power; force; power; might."], "practic": ["PRAC'TIC, for practical, is not in use. It was formerly used for practical, and Spenser uses it in the sense of artful."], "practicable": ["PRAC'TICABLE, a.", "1. That may be done, effected or performed by human means, or by powers that can be applied. It is sometimes synonymous with possible, but the words differ in this; possible is applied to that which might be performed, if the necessary powers or means could be obtained; practicable is limited in its application to things which are to be performed by the means given, or which may be applied. It was possible for Archimedes to lift the world, but it was not practicable.", "2. That may be practiced; as a practicable virtue.", "3. That admits of use, or that may be passed or traveled; as a practicable road. In military affairs, a practicable breach is one that can be entered by troops."], "practicableness": ["PRACTICABLENESS, n. from practicable. The quality or state of being practicable; feasibility."], "practicably": ["PRAC'TICABLY, adv. In such a manner as may be performed. \"A rule practicably applied before his eyes,\" is not correct language. It is probably a mistake for practically."], "practical": ["PRAC'TICAL, a. L. practicus. Pertaining to practice or action.", "1. Capable of practice or active use; opposed to speculative; as a practical understanding.", "2. That may be used in practice; that may be applied to use; as practical knowledge.", "3. That reduces his knowledge or theories to actual use; as a practical man.", "4. Derived from practice or experience; as practical skill or knowledge."], "practically": ["PRAC'TICALLY, adv. In relation to practice.", "1. By means of practice or use; by experiment; as practically wise or skillful.", "2. In practice or use; as a medicine practically safe; theoretically wrong, but practically right."], "practicalness": ["PRAC'TICALNESS, n. The quality of being practical."], "practice": ["PRAC'TICE, n. Gr. to act, to do, to make; Eng. to brook, and broker; L. fruor, for frugor or frucor, whence fructus, contracted into fruit; frequens.", "1. Frequent or customary actions; a succession of acts of a similar kind or in a like employment; as the practice of rising early or of dining late; the practice of reading a portion of Scripture morning and evening; the practice of making regular entries of accounts; the practice of virtue or vice. Habit is the effect of practice.", "2. Use; customary use.", "Obsolete words may be revived when the are more sounding or significant than those in practice.", "3. Dexterity acquired by use. Unusual.", "4. Actual performance; distinguished from theory.", "There are two functions of the soul, contemplation and practice, according to the general division of objects, some of which only entertain our speculations, others employ our actions.", "5. Application of remedies; medical treatment of diseases. Tow physicians may differ widely in their practice.", "6. Exercise of any profession; as the practice of law or of medicine; the practice of arms.", "7. Frequent use; exercise for instruction or discipline. The troops are daily called out for practice.", "8. Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means; art; stratagem; artifice; usually in a bad sense.", "He sought to have that by practice which he could not by prayer.", "This use of the word is genuine; from L. experior. It is not a mistake as Johnson supposes. See the Verb.", "9. A rule in arithmetic, by which the operations of the general rules are abridged in use.", "PRAC'TICE, v.t. From the noun. The orthography of the verb ought to be the same as of the noun; as in notice and to notice.", "1. To do or perform frequently, customarily or habitually; to perform by a succession of acts; as, to practice gaming; to practice fraud or deception; to practice the virtues of charity and beneficence; to practice hypocrisy. Is.32.", "Many praise virtue who do not practice it.", "2. To use or exercise any profession or art; as, to practice law or medicine; to practice gunnery or surveying.", "3. To use or exercise for instruction, discipline or dexterity. In this sense, the verb is usually intransitive.", "4. To commit; to perpetrate; as the horrors practiced at Wyoming.", "5. To use; as a practiced road. Unusual.", "PRAC'TICE, v.i. To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or amusement; as, to practice with the broad sword; to practice with the rifle.", "1. To form a habit of acting in any manner.", "They shall practice how to live secure.", "2. To transact or negotiate secretly.", "I have practic'd with him,", "And found means to let the victor know", "That Syphax and Sempronius are his friends.", "3. To try artifices.", "Others, by guilty artifice and arts", "Of promis'd kindness, practic'd on our hearts.", "4. To use evil arts or stratagems.", "If you there", "Did practice on my state--", "5. To use medical methods or experiments.", "I am little inclined to practice on others,and as little that others should practice on me.", "6. To exercise any employment or profession. A physician has practiced many years with success."], "practiced": ["PRAC'TICED, pp. Done by a repetition of acts; customarily performed or used."], "practicer": ["PRAC'TICER, n. One that practices; one that customarily performs certain acts.", "1. One who exercises a profession. In this sense, practitioner is generally used."], "practicing": ["PRAC'TICING, ppr. Performing or using customarily; exercising, as an art or profession."], "practisant": ["PRAC'TISANT, n. An agent. Not used."], "praise": ["PRAISE, n. s as z. L. pretium.", "1. Commendation bestowed on a person for his personal virtues or worthy actions, on meritorious actions themselves, or on any thing valuable; approbation expressed in words or song. Praise may be expressed by an individual, and in this circumstance differs from fame, renown, and celebrity, which are the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public commendation. When praise is applied to the expression of public approbation, it may be synonymous with renown, or nearly so. A man may deserve the praise of an individual, or of a nation.", "There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the practice.", "2. The expression of gratitude for personal favors conferred; a glorifying or extolling.", "He hath put a new song into my mouth, even praise to our God. Ps.40.", "3. The object, ground or reason of praise.", "He is thy praise,and he is thy God. Deut.10.", "PRAISE, v.t. L. tollo, extollo; pretium.", "1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of personal worth or actions.", "We praise not Hector, though his name we know", "Is great in arms; 'tis hard to praise a foe.", "2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of perfections or excellent works.", "Praise him, all his angels, praise ye him, all his hosts. Ps.148.", "3. To express gratitude for personal favors. Ps.138.", "4. To do honor to; to display the excellence of.", "All thy works shall praise thee, O Lord. Ps.145."], "praised": ["PRA'ISED, pp. Commended; extolled."], "praiseful": ["PRA'ISEFUL, a. Laudable; commendable. Not used."], "praising": ["PRA'ISING, ppr. Commending; extolling in words or song."], "prate": ["PRATE, v.i. To talk much and without weight, or to little purpose; to be loquacious; as the vulgar express it, to run on.", "To prate and talk for life and honor,", "And make a fool presume to prate of love.", "PRATE, v.t. To utter foolishly.", "What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate,", "When thou, his knave, canst talk at such a rate?", "PRATE, n. Continued talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity."], "prating": ["PRA'TING, ppr. Talking much on a trifling subject; talking idly."], "pratingly": ["PRA'TINGLY, adv. With much idle talk; with loquacity."], "pray": ["PRAY, v.i. L. precor; proco; this word belongs to the same family as preach and reproach; Heb. to bless, to reproach; rendered in Job 2.9, to curse; properly, to reproach, to rail at or upbraid. In Latin the word precor signifies to supplicate good or evil, and precis signifies a prayer and a curse. See Imprecate.", "1. To ask with earnestness or zeal, as for a favor, or for something desirable; to entreat; to supplicate.", "Pray for them who despitefully use you and persecute you. Matt.5.", "2. To petition; to ask, as for a favor; as in application to a legislative body.", "3. In worship, to address the Supreme Being with solemnity and reverence, with adoration, confession of sins, supplication for mercy, and thanksgiving for blessings received.", "When thou prayest, enter into thy closet,and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father who is in secret, and thy Father who seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly. Matt.6.", "4. I pray, that is, I pray you tell me, or let me know, is a common mode of introducing a question.", "PRAY, v.t. To supplicate; to entreat; to urge.", "We pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor.5.", "1. In worship, to supplicate; to implore; to ask with reverence and humility.", "Repent therefore of this thy wickedness, and pray God, if perhaps the thought of thy heart may be forgiven thee.", "Acts 8.", "2. To petition. The plaintiff prays judgment of the court.", "He that will have the benefit of this act, must pray a prohibition before a sentence in the ecclesiastical court.", "3. To ask or intreat in ceremony or form.", "Pray my colleague Antonius I may speak with him.", "In most instances, this verb is transitive only by ellipsis. To pray God, is used for to pray to God; to pray a prohibition, is to pray for a prohibition, &c.", "To pray in aid, in law, is to call in for help one who has interest in the cause."], "praying": ["PRA'YING, ppr. Asking; supplicating."], "prayingly": ["PRA'YINGLY, adv. With supplication to God."], "prayer": ["PRA'YER, n. In a general sense, the act of asking for a favor, and particularly with earnestness.", "1. In worship, a solemn address to the Supreme Being, consisting of adoration, or an expression of our sense of God's glorious perfections, confession of our sins, supplication for mercy and forgiveness, intercession for blessings on others, and thanksgiving, or an expression of gratitude to God for his mercies and benefits. A prayer however may consist of a single petition, and it may be extemporaneous, written or printed.", "2. A formula of church service, or of worship, public or private.", "3. Practice of supplication.", "As he is famed for mildness, peace and prayer.", "4. That part of a memorial or petition to a public body, which specifies the request or thing desired to be done or granted, as distinct from the recital of facts or reasons for the grant. We say, the prayer of the petition is that the petitioner may be discharged from arrest."], "prayerful": ["PRA'YERFUL, a. Devotional; given to prayer; as a prayerful frame of mind.", "1. Using much prayer."], "preach": ["PREACH, v.i. L. proeco, a crier; precor.", "1. To pronounce a public discourse on a religious subject, or from a subject, or from a text of Scripture. The word is usually applied to such discourses as are formed from a text of Scripture. This is the modern sense of preach.", "2. To discourse on the gospel way of salvation and exhort to repentance; to discourse on evangelical truths and exhort to a belief of them and acceptance of the terms of salvation. This was the extemporaneous manner of preaching pursued by Christ and his apostles. Matt.4. 10. Acts 10. 14.", "PREACH, v.t. To proclaim; to publish in religious discourses.", "What ye hear in the ear, that preach ye on the house-tops. Matt.10.", "The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings to the meek. Is.61.", "1. To inculcate in public discourses.", "I have preached righteousness in the great congregations. Ps.40.", "He oft to them preach'd", "Conversion and repentance.", "To preach Christ or Christ crucified, to announce Christ as the only Savior, and his atonement as the only ground of acceptance with God. 1 Cor.1.", "To preach up, to discourse in favor of.", "Can they preach up equality of birth?", "PREACH, n. A religious discourse. Not used."], "preached": ["PRE'ACHED, pp. Proclaimed; announced in public discourse; inculcated."], "preaching": ["PRE'ACHING, ppr. Proclaiming; publishing in discourse; inculcating.", "PRE'ACHING, n. The act of preaching; a public religious discourse."], "preacher": ["PRE'ACHER, n. One who discourses publicly on religious subjects.", "1. One that inculcates any thing with earnestness.", "No preacher is listened to but time."], "precept": ["PRE'CEPT, n. L. proeceptum, from proecipio, to command; proe, before, and capio, to take.", "1. In a general sense, any commandment or order intended as an authoritative rule of action; but applied particularly to commands respecting moral conduct. The ten commandments are so many precepts for the regulation of our moral conduct.", "No arts are without their precepts.", "2. In law, a command or mandate in writing."], "preception": ["PRECEP'TION, n. A precept. Not in use."], "preceptive": ["PRECEP'TIVE, a. L. proeceptivus. Giving precepts or commands for the regulation of moral conduct; containing precepts; as the preceptive parts of the Scriptures.", "1. Directing in moral conduct; giving rules or directions; didactic.", "The lesson given us here is preceptive to us.", "Preceptive poetry."], "precious": ["PRE'CIOUS, a. L. pretiosus, from pretium, price. See Praise.", "1. Of great price; costly; as a precious stone.", "2. Of great value or worth; very valuable.", "She is more precious than rubies. Prov.3.", "3. Highly valued; much esteemed.", "The word of the Lord was precious in those days; there was no open vision. 1 Sam.3.", "4. Worthless; in irony and contempt.", "Precious metals, gold and silver, so called on account of their value."], "preciously": ["PRE'CIOUSLY, adv. Valuably; to a great price.", "1. Contemptibly; in irony."], "preciousness": ["PRE'CIOUSNESS, n. Valuableness; great value; high price."], "predestinate": ["PREDES'TINATE, a. Predestinated; foreordained.", "PREDES'TINATE, v.t. L. proedestino; proe and destino, to appoint.", "To predetermine or foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose.", "Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son. Rom.8.", "Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself. Eph.1."], "predestinated": ["PREDES'TINATED, pp. Predetermined; foreordained; decreed."], "predestinating": ["PREDES'TINATING, ppr. Foreordaining; decreeing; appointing beforehand by an unchangeable purpose.", "1. Holding predestination.", "And pricks up his predestinating ears."], "predestination": ["PREDESTINA'TION, n. The act of decreeing or foreordaining events; the decree of God by which he hath, from eternity, unchangeably appointed or determined whatever comes to pass. It is used particularly in theology to denote the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or misery.", "Predestination is a part of the unchangeable plan of the divine government; or in other words, the unchangeable purpose of an unchangeable God."], "predestinator": ["PREDES'TINATOR, n. Properly, one that foreordains.", "1. One that holds to predestination."], "predestine": ["PREDES'TINE, v.t. To decree beforehand; to foreordain.", "And bid predestined empires rise and fall."], "prefer": ["PREFER', v.t. L. proefero; proe, before, and fero, to bear or carry.", "1. Literally, to bear or carry in advance, in the mind, affections or choice; hence, to regard more than another; to honor or esteem above another.", "It is sometimes followed by above, before, or to.", "If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. Ps.137.", "He that cometh after me, is preferred before me. John 1.", "2. To advance, as to an office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; as, to prefer one to a bishopric; to prefer an officer to the rank of general.", "3. To offer; to present; to exhibit; usually with solemnity, or to a public body. It is our privilege to enjoy the right of preferring petitions to rulers for redress of wrongs.", "My vows and prayers to thee preferred.", "Prefer a bill against all kings and parliaments since the conquest.", "4. To offer or present ceremoniously, or in ordinary familiar language.", "He spake, and to her hand preferr'd the bowl.", "This is allowable, at least in poetry, though not usual."], "preferable": ["PREF'ERABLE, a. Worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else; more eligible; more desirable. Virtue is far preferable to vice, even for its pleasures in this life.", "1. More excellent; of better quality; as, Madeira wine is preferable to claret."], "preferableness": ["PREF'ERABLENESS, n. The quality or state of being preferable."], "preferably": ["PREF'ERABLY, adv. In preference; in such a manner as to prefer one thing to another.", "How comes he to choose Plautus preferably to Terance?"], "preference": ["PREF'ERENCE, n. The act of preferring one thing before another; estimation of one thing above another; choice of one thing rather than another.", "Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference due to this or that sort of poetry.", "It has to, above, before, or over, before the thing postponed. All men give the preference to Homer as an epic poet. The human body has the preference above or before those of brutes.", "The knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings,and preference of one man's knowledge over another's."], "preferment": ["PREFER'MENT, n. Advancement to a higher office, dignity or station. Change of manners and even of character often follows preferment. A profligate life should be considered a disqualification for preferment, no less than want of ability.", "1. Superior place or office. All preferments should be given to competent men.", "2. Preference. Not used."], "preferred": ["PREFER'RED, pp. Regarded above others; elevated in station."], "preferring": ["PREFER'RING, ppr. Regarding above others; advancing to a higher station; offering; presenting."], "premeditate": ["PREMED'ITATE, v.t. L. proemeditor; proe, before, and meditor, to mediate. To think on and revolve in the mind beforehand; to contrive and design previously; as, to premeditate theft or robbery.", "With words premeditated thus he said.", "PREMED'ITATE, v.i. To think, consider or revolve in the mind beforehand; to deliberate; to have formed in the mind by previous thought or meditation.", "PREMED'ITATE, a. Contrived by previous meditation."], "premeditated": ["PREMED'ITATED, pp. Previously considered or meditated.", "1. Previously contrived, designed or intended; deliberate; willful; as premeditated murder."], "premeditately": ["PREMED'ITATELY, adv. With previous meditation."], "premeditating": ["PREMED'ITATING, ppr. Previously meditating; contriving or intending beforehand."], "premeditation": ["PREMEDITA'TION, n. L. proemeditatio.", "1. The act of meditating beforehand; previous deliberation.", "A sudden thought may be higher than nature can raise without premeditation.", "2. Previous contrivance or design formed; as the premeditation of a crime."], "preparable": ["PREPA'RABLE, a. See Prepare. That may be prepared."], "preparation": ["PREPARA'TION, n. L. proeparatio. See Prepare.", "1. The act or operation of preparing or fitting for a particular purpose,use, service or condition; as the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign; the preparation of a nation for war; the preparation of men for future happiness. Preparation is intended to prevent evil or secure good.", "2. Previous measures of adaptation.", "I will show what preparations there were in nature for this dissolution.", "3. Ceremonious introduction. Unusual.", "4. That which is prepared, made or compounded for a particular purpose.", "I wish the chimists had been more sparing, who magnify their preparations.", "5. The state of being prepared or in readiness; as a nation in good preparation for attack or defense.", "6. Accomplishment; qualification. Not in use.", "7. In pharmacy, any medicinal substance fitted for the use of the patient.", "8. In anatomy, the parts of animal bodies prepared and preserved for anatomical uses.", "Preparation of dissonances, in music, is their disposition in harmony in such a manner that by something congenial in what precedes, they may be rendered less harsh to the ear than they would be without such preparation.", "Preparation of medicines, the process of fitting any substance for use in the art of healing."], "preparative": ["PREPAR'ATIVE,a. Tending to prepare or make ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying or fitting for any thing; preparatory.", "He spent much time in quest of knowledge preparative to this work.", "PREPAR'ATIVE, n. That which has the power of preparing or previously fitting for a purpose; that which prepares.", "Resolvedness in sin can with no reason be imagined a preparative to remission.", "1. That which is done to prevent an evil or secure some good.", "The miseries we suffer may be preparative of future blessings.", "2. Preparation; as, to make the necessary preparatives for a voyage."], "preparatively": ["PREPAR'ATIVELY, adv. By way of preparation."], "prepare": ["PREPA'RE, v.t. L. paro.", "1. In a general sense, to fit, adapt or qualify for a particular purpose, end, use, service or state, by any means whatever. We prepare ground for seed by tillage; we prepare cloth for use by dressing; we prepare medicines by pulverization, mixture, &c.; we prepare young men for college by previous instruction; men are prepared for professions by suitable study; holiness of heart is necessary to prepare men for the enjoyment of happiness with holy beings.", "2. To make ready; as, to prepare the table for entertaining company.", "3. To provide; to procure as suitable; as, to prepare arms, ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for defense.", "Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him. 2 Sam.15.", "4. To set; to establish.", "The Lord hath prepared his throne in the heavens. Ps.103.", "5. To appoint.", "It shall be given to them for whom it is prepared. Matt.20.", "6. To guide, direct or establish. 1 Chron. 29.", "PREPA'RE, v.i. To make all things ready; to put things in suitable order; as, prepare for dinner.", "1. To take the necessary previous measures.", "Dido preparing to kill herself.", "2. To make one's self ready.", "Prepare to meet thy God, O Israel. Amos.4.", "PREPA'RE, n. Preparation. Not in use."], "prepared": ["PREPA'RED, pp. Fitted; adapted; made suitable; made ready; provided."], "preparer": ["PREPA'RER, n. One that prepares, fits or makes ready.", "1. One that provides.", "2. That which fits or makes suitable; as, certain manures are preparers of land for particular crops."], "preparing": ["PREPA'RING, ppr. Fitting; adapting; making ready; providing."], "presbytery": ["PRES'BYTERY, n. A body of elders in the christian church.", "Neglect not the gift that is in thee, which was given thee by prophecy, with the laying on of the hands of the presbytery. 1 Tim.4.", "1. In ecclesiastical government, a judicatory consisting of all the pastors of churches within a certain district, and one ruling elder, a layman, from each parish, commissioned to represent the parish in conjunction with the minister. This body receives appeals from the kirk-session, and appeals from the presbytery may be carried to the provincial synod.", "The presbytery of the churches in the United States is composed in a manner nearly similar.", "2. The presbyterian religion."], "prescribe": ["PRESCRI'BE, v.t. L. proescribo, to write before.", "1. In medicine, to direct, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased patient. Be not offended with the physician who prescribes harsh remedies.", "2. To set or lay down authoritatively for direction; to give as a rule of conduct; as, to prescribe laws or rules.", "There's joy, when to wild will you laws prescribe.", "3. To direct.", "Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run.", "PRESCRI'BE, v.i. To write or give medical directions; to direct what remedies are to be used; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.", "1. To give law; to influence arbitrarily.", "A forwardness to prescribe to the opinions of others.", "2. In law, to claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing by immemorial use and enjoyment; with for. A man may be allowed to prescribe for a right of way, a common or the like; a man cannot prescribe for a castle; he can prescribe only for incorporeal hereditaments.", "3. To influence by long use."], "prescribed": ["PRESCRI'BED, pp. Directed; ordered."], "prescriber": ["PRESCRI'BER, n. One that prescribes."], "prescribing": ["PRESCRI'BING, ppr. Directing; giving as a rule of conduct or treatment."], "presence": ["PRES'ENCE, n. s as z. L. proesentia; proe, before, and esse, to be. The existence of a person or thing in a certain place; opposed to absence. This event happened during the king's presence at the theater. In examining the patient, the presence of fever was not observed. The presence of God is not limited to any place.", "1. A being in company near or before the face of another. We were gratified with the presence of a person so much respected.", "2. Approach face to face or nearness of a great personage.", "Men that very presence fear,", "Which once they knew authority did bear.", "3. State of being in view; sight. An accident happened in the presence of the court.", "4. By way of distinction, state of being in view of a superior.", "I know not by what pow'r I am made bold,", "In such a presence here to plead my thoughts.", "5. A number assembled before a great person.", "Odmar, of all this presence does contain,", "Give her your wreath whom you esteem most fair.", "6. Port; mien; air; personal appearance; demeanor.", "Virtue is best in a body that is comely, and that has rather dignity of presence, than beauty of aspect.", "A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance.", "7. The apartment in which a prince shows himself to his court.", "An't please your grace, the two great cardinals.", "Wait in the presence.", "8. The person of a superior.", "Presence of mind, a calm, collected state of the mind with its faculties at command; undisturbed state of the thoughts, which enables a person to speak or act without disorder or embarrassment in unexpected difficulties.", "Errors, not to be recalled, do find", "Their best redress from presence of the mind."], "present": ["PRES'ENT, a. s as z. L. proesens; proe and sum, esse, to be.", "1. Being in a certain place; opposed to absent.", "2. Being before the face or near; being in company. Inquire of some of the gentlemen present.", "These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you. John 14.", "3. Being now in view or under consideration. In the present instance, facts will not warrant the conclusion. The present question must be decided on different principles.", "4. Now existing, or being at this time; not past or future; as the present session of congress. The court is in session at the present time. We say, a present good,the present year or age.", "5. Ready at hand; quick in emergency; as present wit.", "'Tis a high point of philosophy and virtue for a man to be present to himself.", "6. Favorably attentive; not heedless; propitious.", "Nor could I hope in any place but there", "To find a god so present to my prayer.", "7. Not absent of mind; not abstracted; attentive.", "The present, an elliptical expression for the present time.", "At present, elliptically for, at the present time.", "Present tense, in grammar, the tense or form of a verb which expresses action or being in the present time, as I am writing; or something that exists at all times, as virtue is always to be preferred to vice; or it expresses habits or general truths, as plants spring from the earth; fishes swim; reptiles creep; birds fly; some animals subsist on herbage, others are carnivorous.", "PRES'ENT, n. That which is presented or given; a gift; a donative; something given or offered to another gratuitously; a word of general application. Gen.32.", "Presents' in the plural, is used in law for a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney or other writing; as in the phrase, \"Know all men by these presents,\" that is, by the writing itself, per presentes. In this sense, it is rarely used in the singular."], "presentable": ["PRESENT'ABLE, a. That may be presented; that may be exhibited or represented.", "1. That may be offered to a church living; as a presentable clerk.", "2. That admits of the presentation of a clerk; as a church presentable. Unusual."], "presentation": ["PRESENTA'TION, n. The act of presenting.", "Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires.", "1. Exhibition; representation; display; as the presentation of fighting on the stage.", "2. In ecclesiastical law, the act of offering a clerk to the bishop or ordinary for institution in a benefice. An advowson is he right of presentation.", "If the bishop admits the patron's presentation, the clerk so admitted is next to be instituted by him.", "3. The right of presenting a clerk. The patron has the presentation of the benefice."], "presentative": ["PRESENT'ATIVE, a. In ecclesiastical affairs, that has the right of presentation, or offering a clerk to the bishop for institution. Advowsons are presentative, collative or donative.", "An advowson presentative is where the patron hath a right of presentation to the bishop or ordinary.", "1. That admits the presentation of a clerk; as a presentative parsonage."], "presented": ["PRESENT'ED, pp. Offered; given; exhibited to view; accused."], "presenter": ["PRESENT'ER, n. One that presents."], "presently": ["PRES'ENTLY, adv. s as z. At present; at this time.", "The towns and forts you presently have.", "1. In a short time after; soon after.", "Him therefore I hope to send presently, so soon as I shall see how it will go with me. Phil.2.", "And presently the fig-tree withered away. Matt.21."], "presentment": ["PRESENT'MENT, n. s as z. The act of presenting.", "1. Appearance to the view; representation.", "2. In law, a presentment, properly speaking, is the notice taken by a grand jury of any offense from their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before them at the suit of the king; as the presentment of a nuisance, a libel or the like, on which the officer of the court must afterwards frame an indictment, before the party presented can be put to answer it.", "3. In a more general sense, presentment comprehends inquisitions of office and indictments.", "In the United States, a presentment is an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an indictment; or it is the act of offering an indictment. It is also used for the indictment itself. The grand jury are charged to inquire and due presentment make of all crimes, &c. The use of the word is limited to accusations by grand jurors.", "4. The official notice in court which the jury or homage gives of the surrender of a copyhold estate."], "presentness": ["PRES'ENTNESS, n. s as z. Presence; as presentness of mind. Not used."], "preservable": ["PRESERV'ABLE, a. See Preserve. That may be preserved."], "preservation": ["PRESERVA'TION, n. The act of preserving or keeping safe; the act of keeping from injury, destruction or decay; as the preservation of life or health; the preservation of buildings from fire or decay; the preservation of grain from insects; the preservation of fruit or plants. When a thing is kept entirely from decay, or nearly in its original state, we say it is in a high state of preservation."], "preservative": ["PRESERV'ATIVE, a. Having the power or quality of keeping safe from injury, destruction or decay; tending to preserve.", "PRESERV'ATIVE, n. That which preserves or has the power of preserving; something that tends to secure a person or thing in a sound state, or prevent if from injury, destruction, decay or corruption; a preventive of injury or decay. Persons formerly wore tablets of arsenic, as preservatives against the plague. Clothing is a preservative against cold. Temperance and exercise are the best preservatives of health. Habitual reverence of the Supreme Being is an excellent preservative against sin and the influence of evil examples."], "preserve": ["PRESERVE, v.t. prezerv'. Low L. proeservo; proe and servo, to keep.", "1. To keep or save from injury or destruction; to defend from evil.", "God did send me before you to preserve life. Gen.45.", "O Lord, preserve me from the violent man. Ps. 140.", "2. To uphold; to sustain.", "O Lord, thou preservest man and beast. Ps.36.", "3. To save from decay; to keep in a sound state; as, to preserve fruit in winter. Salt is used to preserve meat.", "4. To season with sugar or other substances for preservation; as, to preserve plums, quinces or other fruit.", "5. To keep or defend from corruption; as, to preserve youth from vice.", "PRESERVE, n. preserv'. Fruit or a vegetable seasoned and kept in sugar or sirup."], "preserved": ["PRESERV'ED, pp. Saved from injury, destruction or decay; kept or defended from evil; seasoned with sugar for preservation."], "preserver": ["PRESERV'ER, n. The person or thing that preserves; one that saves or defends from destruction or evil.", "What shall I do to thee, O thou preserver of men? Job.7.", "1. One that makes preserves of fruits."], "preserving": ["PRESERV'ING, ppr. Keeping safe from injury, destruction or decay; defending from evil."], "preside": ["PRESI'DE, v.i. s as z. L. proesideo; proe, before, and sedeo, to sit.", "1. To be set over for the exercise of authority; to direct, control and govern, as the chief officer. A man may preside over a nation or province; or he may preside over a senate, or a meeting of citizens. The word is used chiefly in the latter sense. We say, a man presides over the senate with dignity. Hence it usually denotes temporary superintendence and government.", "2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over as inspector.", "Some o'er the public magazines preside."], "presidency": ["PRES'IDENCY, n. Superintendence; inspection and care.", "1. The office of president. Washington was elected to the presidency of the United States by a unanimous vote of the electors.", "2. The term during which a president holds his office. President J. Adams died during the presidency of his son.", "3. The jurisdiction of a president; as in the British dominions in the East Indies.", "4. The family or suit of a president.", "A worthy clergyman belonging to the presidency of Fort St. George."], "president": ["PRES'IDENT, n. L. proesidens.", "1. An officer elected or appointed to preside over a corporation, company or assembly of men, to keep order, manage their concerns or govern their proceedings; as the president of a banking company; the president of a senate, &c.", "2. An officer appointed or elected to govern a province or territory, or to administer the government of a nation. The president of the United States is the chief executive magistrate.", "3. The chief officer of a college or university.", "4. A tutelar power.", "Just Apollo, president of verse.", "Vice-president, one who is second in authority to the president. The vice-president of the United States is president of the senate ex officio, and performs the duties of president when the latter is removed or disabled."], "press": ["PRESS, v.t. L.pressus.", "1. To urge with force or weight; a word of extensive use, denoting the application of any power, physical or moral, to something that is to be moved or affected. We press the ground with the feet when we walk; we press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the hands, fingers or arms; the smith presses iron with his vise; we are pressed with the weight of arguments or of cares, troubles and business.", "2. To squeeze; to crush; as, to press grapes. Gen.40.", "3. To drive with violence; to hurry; as, to press a horse in motion, or in a race.", "4. To urge; to enforce; to inculcate with earnestness; as, to press divine truth on an audience.", "5. To embrace closely; to hug.", "Leucothoe shook", "And press'd Palemon closer in her arms.", "6. To force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.", "7. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or with difficulties.", "8. To constrain; to compel; to urge by authority or necessity.", "The posts that rode on mules and camels went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment. Esth.8.", "9. To urge; to impose by importunity.", "He pressed a letter upon me, within this hour, to deliver to you.", "10. To urge or solicit with earnestness or importunity. He pressed me to accept of his offer.", "11. To urge; to constrain.", "Paul was pressed in spirit, and testified to the Jews that Jesus was Christ. Acts.18.", "Wickedness pressed with conscience, forecasteth grievous things.", "12. To squeeze for making smooth; as cloth or paper.", "Press differs from drive and strike, in usually denoting a slow or continued application of force; whereas drive and strike denote a sudden impulse of force.", "PRESS, v.i. To urge or strain in motion; to urge forward with force.", "I press towards the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. Phil.3.", "Th' insulting victor presses on the more.", "1. To bear on with force; to encroach.", "On superior powers", "Were we to press, inferior might on ours.", "2. To bear on with force; to crowd; to throng.", "Thronging crowds press on you as you pass.", "3. To approach unseasonably or importunately.", "Nor press too near the throne.", "4. To urge with vehemence and importunity.", "He pressed upon them greatly, and they turned in to him. Gen.19.", "5. To urge by influence or moral force.", "When arguments press equally in matters indifferent, the safest method is to give up ourselves to neither.", "6. To push with force; as, to press against the door.", "PRESS, n.", "1. An instrument or machine by which any body is squeezed, crushed or forced into a more compact form; as a wine-press, cider-press or cheese-press.", "2. A machine for printing; a printing-press. Great improvements have been lately made in the construction of presses.", "3. The art or business of printing and publishing. A free press is a great blessing to a free people; a licentious press is a curse to society.", "4. A crowd; a throng; a multitude of individuals crowded together.", "And when they could not come nigh to him for the press--Mark 2.", "5. The act of urging or pushing forward.", "Which in their throng and press to the last hold,", "Confound themselves.", "6. A wine-vat or cistern. Hag.2.", "7. A case of closet for the safe keeping of garments.", "8. Urgency; urgent demands of affairs; as a press of business.", "9. A commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy; for impress.", "Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sail as the state of the wind will permit.", "Liberty of the press, in civil policy, is the free right of publishing books, pamphlets or papers without previous restraint; or the unrestrained right which every citizen enjoys of publishing his thoughts and opinions, subject only to punishment for publishing what is pernicious to morals or to the peace of the state."], "pressed": ["PRESS'ED, pp. Urged by force or weight; constrained; distressed; crowded; embraced; made smooth and glossy by pressure, as cloth."], "pressing": ["PRESS'ING, ppr. Urging with force or weight; squeezing; constraining; crowding; embracing; distressing; forcing into service; rolling in a press.", "1. a. Urgent; distressing.", "PRESS'ING, n. The act or operation of applying force to bodies. The pressing of cloth is performed by means of the screw, or by a calendar."], "pressingly": ["PRESS'INGLY, adv. With force or urgency; closely."], "presumable": ["PRESU'MABLE, a. s as z. from presume. That may be presumed; that may be supposed to be true or entitled to belief, without examination or direct evidence, or on probable evidence."], "presumably": ["PRESU'MABLY, adv. By presuming or supposing something to be true, without direct proof."], "presume": ["PRESU'ME, v.t. s as z. L. proesumo; proe, before,and sumo, to take. To take or suppose to be true or entitled to belief, without examination or positive proof, or on the strength of probability. We presume that a man is honest, who has not been known to cheat or deceive; but in this we are sometimes mistaken. In many cases, the law presumes full payment where positive evidence of it cannot be produced.", "We not only presume it may be so, but we actually find it so.", "In cases of implied contracts, the law presumes that a man has covenanted or contracted to do what reason and justice dictate.", "PRESU'ME, v.i. To venture without positive permission; as, we may presume too far.", "1. To form confident or arrogant opinions; with on or upon, before the cause of confidence.", "This man presumes upon his parts.", "I will not presume so far upon myself.", "2. To make confident or arrogant attempts.", "In that we presume to see what is meet and convenient, better than God himself.", "3. It has on or upon sometimes before the thing supposed.", "Luther presumes upon the gift of continency.", "It is sometimes followed by of, but improperly."], "presumed": ["PRESU'MED, pp. Supposed or taken to be true, or entitled to belief, without positive proof."], "presumer": ["PRESU'MER, n. One that presumes; also, an arrogant person."], "presuming": ["PRESU'MING, ppr. Taking as true, or supposing to be entitled to belief, on probable evidence.", "1. a. Venturing without positive permission; too confident; arrogant; unreasonably bold."], "presumptuous": ["PRESUMP'TUOUS, a.", "1. Bold and confident to excess; adventuring without reasonable ground of success; hazarding safety on too slight grounds; rash; applied to persons; as a presumptuous commander.", "There is a class of presumptuous men whom age has not made cautious, nor adversity wise.", "2. Founded on presumption; proceeding from excess of confidence; applied to things; as presumptuous hope.", "3. Arrogant; insolent; as a presumptuous priest.", "Presumptuous pride.", "4. Unduly confident; irreverent with respect to sacred things.", "5. Willful; done with bold design, rash confidence or in violation of known duty; as a presumptuous sin."], "presumptuously": ["PRESUMP'TUOUSLY, adv. With rash confidence.", "1. Arrogantly; insolently.", "2. Willfully; in bold defiance of conscience or violation of known duty; as, to sin presumptuously. Num.15.", "3. With groundless and vain confidence in the divine favor."], "presumptuousness": ["PRESUMP'TUOUSNESS, n. The quality of being presumptuous or rashly confident; groundless confidence; arrogance; irreverent boldness or forwardness."], "prevail": ["PREVA'IL, v.i. L. proevaleo; proe, before, and valeo, to be strong or well. Valeo seems to be from the same root as the Eng. well. The primary sense is to stretch or strain forward, to advance.", "1. To overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage.", "When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed; when he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. Ex.17.", "With over or against.", "David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone. 1 Sam.17.", "This kingdom could never prevail against the united power of England.", "2. To be in force; to have effect; power or influence.", "This custom makes the short-sighted bigots and the warier skeptics, as far as ir prevails.", "3. To be predominant; to extend over with force or effect. The fever prevailed in a great part of the city.", "4. To gain or have predominant influence; to operate with effect. These reasons, arguments or motives ought to prevail with all candid men. In this sense, it is followed by with.", "5. To persuade or induce; with on or upon. They prevailed on the president to ratify the treaty. It is also followed by with. They could not prevail with the king to pardon the offender. But on is more common in modern practice.", "6. To succeed. The general attempted to take the fort by assault, but did not prevail. The most powerful arguments were employed,but they did not prevail."], "prevailing": ["PREVA'ILING, ppr. Gaining advantage, superiority or victory; having effect; persuading; succeeding.", "1. a. Predominant; having more influence; prevalent; superior in power. The love of money and the love of power are the prevailing passions of men.", "2. Efficacious.", "Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers.", "3. Predominant; most general; as the prevailing disease of a climate; a prevailing opinion. Intemperance is the prevailing vice of many countries."], "prevailment": ["PREVA'ILMENT, a. Prevalence. Little used."], "prevent": ["PREVENT', v.t. L. proevenio, supra.", "1. To go before; to precede.", "I prevented the dawning of the morning, and cried. Ps.119.", "2. To precede, as something unexpected or unsought.", "The days of my affliction prevented me. Job.30.", "2 Sam.22.", "3. To go before; to precede; to favor by anticipation or by hindering distress or evil.", "The God of my mercy shall prevent me. Ps.59.", "Prevent us, O Lord, in all our doings, with thy most gracious favor.", "4. To anticipate.", "Their ready guilt preventing thy commands.", "5. To preoccupy; to pre-engage; to attempt first.", "Thou hast prevented us with overtures of love.", "In all the preceding senses, the word is obsolete.", "6. To hinder; to obstruct; to intercept the approach or access of. This is now the only sense. No foresight or care will prevent every misfortune. Religion supplies consolation under afflictions which cannot be prevented. It is easier to prevent an evil than to remedy it.", "Too great confidence in success, is the likeliest to prevent it.", "PREVENT', v.i. To come before the usual time. Not in use."], "preventable": ["PREVENT'ABLE, a. That may be prevented or hindered."], "prevented": ["PREVENT'ED, pp. Hindered from happening or taking effect."], "preventer": ["PREVENT'ER, n. One that goes before. Not in use.", "1. One that hinders; a hinderer; that which hinders; as a preventer of evils or of disease."], "preventing": ["PREVENT'ING, ppr. Going before.", "1. Hindering; obviating."], "preventingly": ["PREVENT'INGLY, adv. In such a manner or way as to hinder."], "prevention": ["PREVEN'TION, n. The act of going before.", "1. Preoccupation; anticipation. Little used.", "2. The act of hindering; hinderance; obstruction of access or approach.", "Prevention of sin is one of the greatest mercies God can vouchsafe.", "3. Prejudice; prepossession; a French sense, but not in use in English."], "preventional": ["PREVEN'TIONAL, a. Tending to prevent."], "preventive": ["PREVENT'IVE, a. Tending to hinder; hindering the access of; as a medicine preventive of disease.", "PREVENT'IVE, n. That which prevents; that which intercepts the access or approach of. Temperance and exercise are excellent preventives of debility and languor.", "1. An antidote previously taken. A medicine may be taken as a preventive of disease."], "preventively": ["PREVENT'IVELY, adv. By way of prevention; in a manner that tends to hinder."], "prey": ["PREY, n. L. proeda.", "1. Spoil; booty; plunder; goods taken by force from an enemy in war.", "And they brought the captives and the prey and the spoil to Moses and Eleazar the priest. Num.31.", "In this passage,the captives are distinguished from prey. But sometimes persons are included.", "They Judah shall become a prey and a spoil to all their enemies. 2 Kings 21.", "2. That which is seized or may be seized by violence to be devoured; ravine. The eagle and the hawk dart upon their prey.", "She sees herself the monster's prey.", "The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. Job.4.", "3. Ravage; depredation.", "Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, lion in prey.", "Animal or beast of prey, is a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals. The word is applied to the larger animals, as lions, tigers, hawks, vultures, &c. rather than to insects; yet an insect feeding on other insects may be called an animal of prey.", "PREY, v.i. To prey on or upon, is to rob; to plunder; to pillage.", "1. To feed by violence, or to seize and devour. The wolf preys on sheep; the hawk preys on chickens.", "2. To corrode; to waste gradually; to cause to pine away. Grief preys on the body and spirits; envy and jealousy prey on the health.", "Language is too faint to show", "His rage of love; it preys upon his life;", "He pines, he sickens, he despairs, he dies."], "preying": ["PREYING, ppr. Plundering; corroding; wasting gradually."], "price": ["PRICE, n. L. pretium. See Praise.", "1. The sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market. A man often sets a price on goods which he cannot obtain, and often takes less than the price set.", "2. The sum or equivalent given for an article sold; as the price paid for a house, an ox or a watch.", "3. The current value or rate paid for any species of goods; as the market price of wheat.", "4. Value; estimation; excellence; worth.", "Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. Prov.31.", "5. Reward; recompense.", "That vice may merit; 'tis the price of toil;", "The knave deserves it when he tills the soil.", "The price of redemption, is the atonement of Jesus Christ. 1 Cor.6.", "A price in the hands of a fool, the valuable offers of salvation, which he neglects. Prov.17.", "PRICE, v.t. To pay for. Not in use.", "1. To set a price on. See Prize."], "prick": ["PRICK, v.t.", "1. To pierce with a sharp pointed instrument or substance; as, to prick one with a pin, a needle, a thorn or the like.", "2. To erect a pointed thing, or with an acuminated point; applied chiefly to the ears, and primarily to the pointed ears of an animal. The horse pricks his ears, or pricks up his ears.", "3. To fix by the point; as, to prick a knife into a board.", "4. To hang on a point.", "The cooks prick a slice on a prong of iron.", "5. To designate by a puncture or mark.", "Some who are pricked for sheriffs, and are fit, set out of the bill.", "6. To spur; to goad; to incite; sometimes with on or off.", "My duty pricks me on to utter that", "Which no worldly good should draw from me.", "But how if honor prick me off.", "7. To affect with sharp pain; to sting with remorse.", "When they heard this, they were pricked in their hearts. Acts 2. Ps.73.", "8. To make acid or pungent to the taste; as, wine is pricked.", "9. To write a musical composition with the proper notes on a scale.", "10. In seamen's language, to run a middle seam through the cloth of a sail.", "To prick a chart, is to trace a ship's course on a chart.", "PRICK, v.i. To become acid; as, cider pricks in the rays of the sun.", "1. To dress one's self for show.", "2. To come upon the spur; to shoot along.", "Before each van", "Prick forth the airy knights.", "3. To aim at a point, mark or place.", "PRICK, n.", "1. A slender pointed instrument or substance, which is hard enough to pierce the skin; a goad; a spur.", "It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. Acts 9.", "2. Sharp stinging pain; remorse.", "3. A spot or mark at which archers aim.", "4. A point; a fixed place.", "5. A puncture or place entered by a point.", "6. The print of a hare on the ground.", "7. In seamen's language, a small roll; as a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco."], "pricked": ["PRICK'ED, pp. Pierced with a sharp point; spurred; goaded; stung with pain; rendered acid or pungent; marked; designated."], "pricking": ["PRICK'ING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point; goading; affecting with pungent pain; making or becoming acid.", "PRICK'ING, n. A sensation of sharp pain, or of being pricked."], "pride": ["PRIDE, n.", "1. Inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rank or elevation in office, which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in contempt of others.", "Martial pride looks down on industry.", "Pride goeth before destruction. Prov.16.", "Pride that dines on vanity, sups on contempt.", "All pride is abject and mean.", "Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan.4.", "2. Insolence; rude treatment of others; insolent exultation.", "That hardly we escap'd the pride of France.", "3. Generous elation of heart; a noble self-esteem springing from a consciousness of worth.", "The honest pride of conscious virtue.", "4. Elevation; loftiness.", "A falcon tow'ring in her pride of place.", "5. Decoration; ornament; beauty displayed.", "Whose lofty trees, clad with summer's pride.", "Be his this sword", "Whose ivory sheath, inwrought with curious pride,", "Adds graceful terror to the wearer's side.", "6. Splendid show; ostentation.", "Is this array, the war of either side", "Through Athens pass'd with military pride.", "7. That of which men are proud; that which excites boasting.", "I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. Zech.9. Zeph.3.", "8. Excitement of the sexual appetite in a female beast.", "9. Proud persons. Ps.36.", "PRIDE, v.t. With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride one's self, to indulge pride; to take pride; to value one's self; to gratify self-esteem. They pride themselves in their wealth, dress or equipage. He prides himself in his achievements."], "prideful": ["PRI'DEFUL, a. Full of pride; insolent; scornful."], "priding": ["PRI'DING, ppr. Indulging pride or self-esteem; taking pride; valuing one's self."], "pridingly": ["PRI'DINGLY, adv. With pride; in pride of heart."], "priest": ["PRIEST, n. L. proestes, a chief, one that presides; proe, before,and sto, to stand, or sisto.", "1. A man who officiates in sacred offices. Among pagans, priests were persons whose appropriate business was to offer sacrifices and perform other sacred rites of religion. In primitive ages, the fathers of families, princes and kings were priests. Thus Cain and Abel, Noah, Abraham, Melchizedek,Job, Isaac and Jacob offered their own sacrifices. In the days of Moses, the office of priest was restricted to the tribe of Levi, and the priesthood consisted of three orders, the high priest, the priests, and the Levites, and the office was made hereditary in the family of Aaron.", "Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins. Heb.5.", "2. In the modern church, a person who is set apart or consecrated to the ministry of the gospel; a man in orders or licensed to preach the gospel; a presbyter. In its most general sense, the word includes archbishops, bishops, patriarchs, and all subordinate orders of the clergy, duly approved and licensed according to the forms and rules of each respective denomination of christians; as all these orders \"are ordained for men in things pertaining to God.\" But in Great Britain, the word is understood to denote the subordinate orders of the clergy, above a deacon and below a bishop. In the United States, the word denotes any licensed minister of the gospel."], "priesthood": ["PRIE'STHOOD, n. The office or character of a priest.", "1. The order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order composed of priests."], "prince": ["PRINCE, n. prins. L. princeps.", "1. In a general sense, a sovereign; the chief and independent ruler of a nation or state. Thus when we speak of the princes of Europe, we include emperors and kings. Hence, a chief in general; as a prince of the celestial host.", "2. A sovereign in a certain territory; one who has the government of a particular state or territory, but holds of a superior to whom he owes certain services; as the princes of the German states.", "3. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as princes of the blood. In England, the eldest son of the king is created prince of Wales.", "4. The chief of any body of men.", "5. A chief or ruler of either sex. Queen Elizabeth is called by Camden prince, but this application is unusual and harsh.", "Prince of the senate, in ancient Rome, was the person first called in the roll of senators. He was always of consular and censorian", "dignity.", "In Scripture, this name prince is given to God, Dan.8; to Christ, who is called the prince of peace, Is.9, and the prince of life, Acts 3.; to the chief of the priests, the prince of the sanctuary, Is.43.; to the Roman emperor, Dan.9.; to men of superior worth and excellence, Eccles. 10.; to nobles, counselors and officers of a kingdom, Is.10.; to the chief men of families or tribes, Num. 17.; to Satan, who is called the prince of this world, John 12.., and prince of the power of the air, Eph.2.", "PRINCE, v.i. To play the prince; to take state."], "princely": ["PRINCELY, a. prins'ly. Resembling a prince; having the appearance of one high born; stately; dignified; as a princely gentleman; a princely youth.", "1. Having the rank of princes; as a man of princely birth; a princely dame.", "2. Becoming a prince; royal; grand; august; as a princely gift; princely virtues.", "3. Very large; as a princely fortune.", "4. Magnificent; rich; as a princely entertainment.", "PRINCELY, adv. prins'ly. In a princelike manner."], "princess": ["PRIN'CESS, n. A female sovereign, as an empress or queen.", "1. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of a queen.", "2. The daughter of a king.", "3. The consort of a prince; as the princess of Wales."], "principal": ["PRIN'CIPAL, a. L. principalis, from princeps.", "1. Chief; highest in rank, character or respectability; as the principal officers of a government; the principal men of a city, town, or state. Acts 25. 1 Chron.24.", "2. Chief; most important or considerable; as the principal topics of debate; the principal arguments in a case; the principal points of law; the principal beams of a building; the principal productions of a country.", "Wisdom is the principal thing. Prov.4.", "3. In law, a principal challenge, is where the cause assigned carries with it prima facie evidence of partiality, favor or malice.", "4. In music, fundamental.", "PRIN'CIPAL, n. A chief or head; one who takes the lead; as the principal of a faction, an insurrection or mutiny.", "1. The president, governor, or chief in authority. We apply the word to the chief instructor of an academy or seminary of learning.", "2. In law, the actor or absolute perpetrator of a crime, or an abettor. A principal in the first degree, is the absolute perpetrator of the crime; a principal in the second degree, is one who is present, aiding and abetting the fact to be done; distinguished from an accessory. In treason, all persons concerned are principals.", "3. In commerce, a capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; so called in distinction from interest or profits.", "Taxes must be continued, because we have no other means for paying off the principal.", "4. One primarily engaged; a chief party; in distinction from an auxiliary.", "We were not principals, but auxiliaries in the war."], "principality": ["PRINCIPAL'ITY, n.", "1. Sovereignty; supreme power.", "2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. Tit.3.", "3. The territory of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as the principality of Wales.", "4. Superiority; predominance. Little used.", "5. In Scripture, royal state or attire. Jer.13."], "principally": ["PRIN'CIPALLY, adv. Chiefly; above all.", "They mistake the nature of criticism, who think its business is principally to find fault."], "principalness": ["PRIN'CIPALNESS, n. The state of being principal or chief."], "principate": ["PRIN'CIPATE, n. Principality; supreme rule."], "principle": ["PRIN'CIPLE, n. L. principium, beginning.", "1. In a general sense, the cause, source or origin of any thing; that from which a thing proceeds; as the principle of motion; the principles of action.", "2. Element; constituent part; primordial substance.", "Modern philosophers suppose matter to be one simple principle, or solid extension diversified by its various shapes.", "3. Being that produces any thing; operative cause.", "The soul of man is an active principle.", "4. In science, a truth admitted either without proof, or considered as having been before proved. In the former sense, it is synonymous with axiom; in the latter, with the phrase, established principle.", "5. Ground; foundation; that which supports an assertion, an action, or a series of actions or of reasoning. On what principle can this be affirmed or denied? He justifies his proceedings on the principle of expedience or necessity. He reasons on sound principles.", "6. A general truth; a law comprehending many subordinate truths; as the principles of morality, of law, of government, &c.", "7. Tenet; that which is believed, whether truth or not, but which serves as a rule of action or the basis of a system; as the principles of the Stoics, or of the Epicureans.", "8. A principle of human nature, is a law of action in human beings; a constitutional propensity common to the human species. Thus it is a principle of human nature to resent injuries and repel insults.", "PRIN'CIPLE, v.t. To establish or fix in tenets; to impress with any tenet, good or ill; chiefly used in the participle.", "Men have been principled with an opinion, that they must not consult reason in things of religion.", "1. To establish firmly in the mind."], "principled": ["PRIN'CIPLED, pp. Established in opinion or in tenets; firmly fixed in the mind."], "print": ["PRINT, v.t. L. imprimo; in and premo, to press; promptus, pressed or pressing forward.", "1. In general, to take or form letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material by impression. Thus letters are taken on paper by impressing it on types blackened with ink. Figures are printed on cloth by means of blocks or a cylinder. The rolling press is employed to take prints on impressions from copper- plates. Thus we say, to print books, to print calico, to print tunes, music, likenesses, &c.", "2. To mark by pressing one thing on another.", "On his fiery steed betimes he rode,", "That scarcely prints the turf on which he trod.", "3. To impress any thing so as to leave its form.", "Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay--", "4. To form by impression.", "Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh.", "PRINT, v.i. To use or practice the art of typography, or of taking impressions of letters, figures and the like.", "1. To publish a book. Elliptical.", "From the moment he prints,he must expect to hear no more of truth.", "PRINT, n. A mark made by impression; any line,character, figure or indentation of any form, made by the pressure of one body or thing on another; as the print of the tooth or of the nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or snow; the print of a wheel; the print of types on paper. Hence,", "1. The impression of types in general, as to form, size, &c.; as a small print; a large print; a fair print.", "2. That which impresses its form on any thing; as a butter print; a wooden print.", "3. The representation or figure of any thing made by impression; as the print of the face; the print of a temple; prints of antiquities.", "4. The state of being printed and published. Diffidence sometimes prevents a man from suffering his works to appear; in print.", "I love a ballad in print.", "5. A single sheet printed for sale; a newspaper.", "The prints, about three days after, were filled with the same terms.", "6. Formal method. Not in use.", "Out of print, a phrase which signifies that, of a printed and published work, there are no copies for sale, or none for sale by the publisher."], "printed": ["PRINT'ED, pp. Impressed; indented."], "printing": ["PRINT'ING, ppr. Impressing letters,characters or figures on any thing; making marks or indentations.", "PRINT'ING, n. The art or practice of impressing letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material; the business of a printer; typography."], "prison": ["PRISON, n. priz'n. L. prendo.", "1. In a general sense, any place of confinement or involuntary restraint; but appropriately, a public building for the confinement or safe custody of debtors and criminals committed by process of law; a jail. Originally, a prison, as Lord Coke observes, was only a place of safe custody; but it is now employed as a place of punishment. We have state-prisons, for the confinement of criminals by way of punishment.", "2. Any place of confinement or restraint.", "The tyrant Aeolus,", "With power imperial curbs the struggling winds,", "And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds.", "3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afflicted condition. Eccles.4.", "4. The cave where David was confined. Ps.142.", "5. A state of spiritual bondage. Is.42."], "prisoned": ["PRIS'ONED, pp. Imprisoned; confined; restrained."], "prisoner": ["PRIS'ONER, n. One who is confined in a prison by legal arrest or warrant.", "1. A person under arrest or in custody of the sheriff, whether in prison or not; as a prisoner at the bar of a court.", "2. A captive; one taken by an enemy in war.", "3. One whose liberty is restrained, as a bird in a cage."], "prisoning": ["PRIS'ONING, ppr. Confining; imprisoning."], "prisonment": ["PRIS'ONMENT, n. Confinement in a prison; imprisonment.", "The latter is commonly used."], "private": ["PRI'VATE, a. L. privatus, from privo, to bereave, properly to strip or separate; privus, singular, several, peculiar to one's self, that is, separate; rapio, diripio, eripio; privo for perivo or berivo.", "1. Properly, separate; unconnected with others; hence, peculiar to one's self; belonging to or concerning an individual only; as a man's private opinion, business or concerns; private property; the king's private purse; a man's private expenses. Charge the money to my private account in the company's books.", "2. Peculiar to a number in a joint concern, to a company or body politic; as the private interest of a family, of a company or of a state; opposed to public, or to the general interest of nations.", "3. Sequestered from company or observation; secret; secluded; as a private cell; a private room or apartment; private prayer.", "4. Not publicly known; not open; as a private negotiation.", "5. Not invested with public office or employment; as a private man or citizen; private lift.", "A private person may arrest a felon.", "6. Individual; personal; in contradistinction from public or national; as private interest.", "Private way, in law, is a way or passage in which a man has an interest and right, though the ground may belong to another person. In common language, a private way may be a secret way, one not known or public.", "A private act or statute, is one which operates on an individual or company only; opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole community.", "A private nuance or wrong, is one which affects an individual.", "In private, secretly; not openly or publicly.", "PRI'VATE, n. A secret message; particular business. Unusual.", "1. A common soldier."], "privateer": ["PRIVATEE'R, n. from private. A ship or vessel of war owned and equipped by a private man or by individuals, at their own expense, to seize or plunder the ships of an enemy in war. Such a ship must be licensed or commissioned by government, or it is a pirate.", "PRIVATEE'R, v.i. To cruise in a commissioned private ship against an enemy, for seizing their ships or annoying their commerce."], "privately": ["PRI'VATELY, adv. In a secret manner; not openly or publicly.", "1. In a manner affecting an individual or company. He is not privately benefited."], "privateness": ["PRI'VATENESS, n. Secrecy; privacy.", "1. Retirement; seclusion from company or society.", "2. The state of an individual in the rank of common citizens, or not invested with office."], "privation": ["PRIVA'TION, n. L. privatio, from privo. See Private.", "1. The state of being deprived; particularly, deprivation or absence of what is necessary for comfort. He endures his privations with wonderful fortitude.", "2. The act of removing something possessed; the removal or destruction of any thing or quality. The garrison was compelled by privation to surrender.", "For what is this contagious sin of kind", "But a privation of that grace within?", "3. Absence, in general. Darkness is a privation of light.", "4. The act of the mind in separating a thing from something appendant.", "5. The act of degrading from rank or office.", "But in this sense, deprivation is now used. See Deprivation."], "privily": ["PRIV'ILY, adv. from privy. Privately; secretly.", "--False teachers among you, who shall privily bring in damnable heresies. 2 Pet.2."], "privy": ["PRIV'Y, a. L. privus. See Private.", "1. Private; pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private uses; not public; as the privy purse; the privy confer of a king.", "2. Secret; clandestine; not open or public; as a privy attempt to kill one.", "3. Private; appropriated to retirement; not shown; not open for the admission of company; as a privy chamber. Ezek.21.", "4. Privately knowing; admitted to the participation of knowledge with another of a secret transaction.", "He would rather lose half of his kingdom than be privy to such a secret.", "Myself am one made privy to the plot.", "His wife also being privy to it. Acts.5.", "5. Admitted to secrets of state. The privy council of a king consists of a number of distinguished persons selected by him to advice him in the administration of the government.", "A privy verdict, is one given to the judge out of court, which is of no force unless afterward affirmed by a public verdict in court.", "PRIV'Y, n. In law, a partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing; as a privy in blood. Privies are of four kinds; privies in blood, as the heir to his father; privies in representation, as executors and administrators to the deceased; privies in estate, as he in reversion and he in remainder; donor and donee; lessor and lessee; privy in tenure, as the lord in escheat.", "1. A necessary house.", "Privy chamber, in Great Britain, the private apartment in a royal residence or mansion. Gentlemen of the privy chamber are servants of the king who are to wait and attend on him and the queen at court, in their diversions, &c. They are forty eight in number, under the lord chamberlain."], "prize": ["PRIZE, n.", "1. That which is taken from an enemy in war; any species of goods or property seized by force as spoil or plunder; or that which is taken in combat, particularly a ship. A privateer takes an enemy's ship as a prize. They make prize of all the property of the enemy.", "2. That which is taken from another; that which is deemed a valuable acquisition.", "Then prostrate falls, and begs with ardent eyes,", "Soon to obtain and long possess the prize.", "3. That which is obtained or offered as the reward of contest.", "--I will never wrestle for prize.", "I fought and conquer'd, yet have lost the prize.", "4. The reward gained by any performance.", "5. In colloquial language, any valuable thing gained.", "6. The money drawn by a lottery ticket; opposed to blank.", "PRIZE, v.t. L. pretium.", "1. To set or estimate the value of; to rate; as, to prize the goods specified in an invoice.", "Life I prize not a straw.", "2. To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem.", "I prize your person, but your crown disdain.", "3. To raise with a lever. See Pry."], "prized": ["PRI'ZED, pp. Rated; valued; esteemed."], "prizing": ["PRI'ZING, ppr. Rating; valuing; esteeming."], "proceeder": ["PROCEE'DER, n. One who goes forward, or who makes a progress."], "proceeding": ["PROCEE'DING, ppr. Moving forward; passing on; issuing; transacting; carrying on.", "PROCEE'DING, n. Process or movement from one thing to another; a measure or step taken in business; transaction; in the plural, a course of measures or conduct; course of dealing with others. We speak of a legal or an illegal proceeding, a cautious proceeding, a violent proceeding. In the plural, the proceedings of the legislature have been wise and salutary. It is our duty to acquiesce cheerfully in all God's proceedings towards.", "1. In law, the course of steps or measures in the prosecution of an action is denominated proceedings. See Process."], "proceeds": ["PROCEE'DS, n. plu. Issue; rent; produce; as the proceeds of an estate.", "1. In commerce, the sum, amount or value of goods sold or converted into money. The consignee was directed to sell the cargo and vest the proceeds in coffee. The proceeds of the goods sold amounted to little more than the prime cost and charges."], "process": ["PROC'ESS, n. L. processus, from procedo. See Proceed.", "1. A proceeding or moving forward; progressive course; tendency; as the process of man's desire.", "2. Proceedings; gradual progress; course; as the process of a war.", "3. Operations; experiment; series of actions or experiments; as a chimical process.", "4. Series of motions or changes in growth, decay, &c. in physical bodies; as the process of vegetation or of mineralization; the process of decomposition.", "5. Course; continual flux or passage; as the process of time.", "6. Methodical management; series of measures or proceedings.", "The process of the great day--is described by our Savior.", "7. In law, the whole course of proceedings, in a cause, real or personal, civil or criminal, from the original writ to the end of the suit. Original process is the means taken to compel the defendant to appear in court. Mesne process is that which issues, pending the suit, upon some collateral or interlocutory matter. Final process is the process of execution.", "8. In anatomy, any protuberance, eminence or projecting part of a bone."], "procession": ["PROCES'SION, n. L. processio. See Proceed.", "1. The act of proceeding or issuing.", "2. A train of persons walking, or riding on horseback or in vehicles, in a formal march, or moving with ceremonious solemnity; as a procession of clergy and people in the Romish church; a triumphal procession; a funeral procession.", "Him all his train", "Follow'd in bright procession."], "proclaim": ["PROCLA'IM, v.t. L. proclamo; pro and clamo, to cry out. See Claim.", "1. To promulgate; to announce; to publish; as, to proclaim a fast; to proclaim a feast. Lev.23. 1 Kings 21.", "He hath sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives. Is.61.", "2. To denounce; to give official notice of. Heralds were formerly employed to proclaim war.", "3. To declare with honor; as, to proclaim the name of the Lord, that is, to declare his perfections. Ex.33.", "4. To utter openly; to make public. Some profligate wretches openly proclaim their atheism.", "Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness. Prov.20.", "5. To outlaw by public denunciation.", "I heard myself proclaimed."], "proclaimed": ["PROCLA'IMED, pp. Published officially; promulgated; made publicly known."], "proclaimer": ["PROCLA'IMER, n. One who publishes by authority; one that announces or makes publicly known."], "proclaiming": ["PROCLA'IMING, ppr. Publishing officially; denouncing; promulgating; making publicly known."], "proclamation": ["PROCLAMA'TION, n. L. proclamatio, from proclamo.", "1. Publication by authority; official notice given to the public.", "King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah.", "1 Kings 15.", "2. In England, a declaration of the king's will, openly published.", "Proclamations are a branch of the king's prerogative, and are binding on the subject.", "3. The declaration of any supreme magistrate publicly made known; as the proclamation of the governor appointing a day of thanksgiving.", "4. The paper containing an official notice to a people. The sheriff receives and distributes the governor's proclamations."], "procurable": ["PROCU'RABLE, a. from procure. That may be procured; obtainable."], "procuration": ["PRO'CURA'TION, n. L. procuratio. See Procure.", "1. The act of procuring. Procurement is generally used.", "2. The management of another's affairs.", "3. The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the affairs of another.", "4. A sum of money paid to the bishop or archdeacon by incumbents, on account of visitations; called also proxy."], "procurator": ["PROC'URATOR, n. The manager of another's affairs. See Proctor."], "procure": ["PROCU'RE, v.t. L. procuro; pro and curo, to take care.", "1. To get; to gain; to obtain; as by request, loan, effort, labor or purchase. We procure favors by request; we procure money by borrowing; we procure food by cultivating the earth; offices are procured by solicitation or favor; we procure titles to estate by purchase. It is used of things of temporary possession more generally than acquire. We do not say, we acquired favor, we acquired money by borrowing but we procured.", "2. To persuade; to prevail on.", "What unaccustom'd cause procures her hither? Unusual.", "3. To cause; to bring about; to effect; to contrive and effect.", "Proceed, Salinus, to procure my fall.", "4. To cause to come on; to bring on.", "We no other pains endure", "Than those that we ourselves procure.", "5. To draw to; to attract; to gain. Modesty procures love and respect.", "PROCU'RE, v.i. To pimp."], "procured": ["PROCU'RED, pp. Obtained, caused to be done; effected; brought on."], "procurement": ["PROCU'REMENT, n. The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment.", "1. A causing to be effected.", "They think it done", "By her procurement."], "procurer": ["PROCU'RER, n. One that procures or obtains; that which brings on or causes to be done.", "1. A pimp; a pander."], "procuring": ["PROCU'RING, ppr. Getting; gaining; obtaining.", "1. Causing to come or to be done.", "2. a. That causes to come; bringing on.", "Sin is the procuring cause of all our woes."], "produce": ["PRODU'CE, v.t.L. produco; pro and duco, to lead or draw.", "1. To bring forward; to bring or offer to view or notice; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court.", "Produce your cause. Is.41.", "2. To exhibit to the public.", "Your parents did not produce you", "much into the world.", "3. To bring forth; to bear; as plants or the soil. Trees produce fruit; the earth produces trees and grass; wheat produces an abundance of food.", "4. To bear; to generate and bring forth; as young. The seas produce fish in abundance.", "They--", "Produce prodigious births of body or mind.", "5. To cause; to effect; to bring into existence. Small causes sometimes produce great effects. The clouds produce rain. The painter produces a picture or a landscape. The sculptor produces a statue. Vice produces misery.", "6. To raise; to bring into being. The farmer produces grain enough for his family.", "7. To make; to bring into being or form. The manufacturer produces excellent wares.", "8. To yield or furnish. Money produces interest; capital produces profit. The commerce of the country produces a revenue to government.", "9. In general, to bring into existence or into view.", "10. To draw out in length; to extend; as a line produced from A to B."], "produced": ["PRODU'CED, pp. Brought into life, being or view; yielded."], "producement": ["PRODU'CEMENT, n. Production. Not used."], "producent": ["PRODU'CENT, n. One that exhibits or offers to view or notice. Not much used."], "producer": ["PRODU'CER, n. One that generates; one that produces."], "producibility": ["PRODUCIBIL'ITY, n. The power or producing. Not used."], "producible": ["PRODU'CIBLE, a.", "1. That may be brought into being; that may be generated or made; as producible salts.", "2. That may be brought into view or notice; that may be exhibited."], "producibleness": ["PRODU'CIBLENESS, n. The state or quality of being producible; as the producibleness of salts."], "producing": ["PRODU'CING, ppr. Generating; bringing into existence or notice."], "profanation": ["PROFANA'TION, n. L. profano. See Profane.", "1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with contempt or irreverence; as the profanation of the sabbath by sports, amusements or unnecessary labor; the profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God by swearing, jesting, &c.", "2. The act of treating with abuse or disrespect.", "'Twere profanation of our joys", "To tell the laity our love."], "profane": ["PROFA'NE, a. L. profanus; pro and fanum, a temple.", "1. Irreverent to any thing sacred; applied to persons. A man is profane when he takes the name of God in vain, or treats sacred things with abuse and irreverence.", "2. Irreverent; proceeding from a contempt of sacred things, or implying it; as profane words or language; profane swearing.", "3. Not sacred; secular; relating to secular things; as profane history.", "4. Polluted; not pure.", "Nothing is profane that serveth to holy things.", "5. Not purified or holy; allowed for common use; as a profane place. Ezek.42. and 48.", "6. Obscene; heathenish; tending to bring reproach on religion; as profane fables. 1 Tim.4.", "Profane is used chiefly in Scripture in opposition to holy, or qualified ceremonially for sacred services.", "PROFA'NE, v.t. To violate any thing sacred, or treat it with abuse,irreverence, obloquy or contempt; as, to profane the name of God; to profane the sabbath; to profane the Scriptures or the ordinances of God.", "1. To pollute; to defile; to apply to temporal uses; to use as base or common. Ezek.24.", "2. To violate. Mal.2.", "3. To pollute; to debase.Lev.21.", "4. To put to a wrong use."], "profaned": ["PROFA'NED, pp. Violated; treated with irreverence or abuse; applied to common uses; polluted."], "profanely": ["PROFA'NELY, adv. With irreverence to sacred things or names.", "The character of God profanely impeached.", "1. With abuse or contempt for any thing venerable.", "That proud scholar--speaks of Homer too profanely."], "profaneness": ["PROFA'NENESS, n. Irreverence of sacred things; particularly, the use of language which implies irreverence towards God; the taking of God's name in vain.", "Profaneness in men is vulgar and odious; in females, is shocking and detestable."], "profaner": ["PROFA'NER, n. One who by words or actions, treats sacred things with irreverence; one who uses profane language.", "1. A polluter; a defiler; as a profaner of the temple."], "profaning": ["PROFA'NING, ppr. Violating; treating with irreverence; polluting."], "profanity": ["PROFAN'ITY, n. Profaneness, which see.", "In a revel of debauchery, amid the brisk interchange of profanity and folly, religion might appear a dumb, unsocial intruder."], "profess": ["PROFESS', v.t. L. professus, profiteor; pro and fateor.", "1. To make open declaration of; to avow or acknowledge.", "Let no man who professes himself a christian, keep so heathenish a family as not to see God by daily worshipped in it.", "They profess that they know God, but in works they deny him. Tit.1.", "2. To declare in strong terms.", "Then will I profess to them, I never knew you. Matt.7.", "3. To make a show of any sentiments by loud declaration.", "To your professing bosoms I commit him.", "4. To declare publicly one's skill in any art or science, for inviting employment; as, to profess one's self a physician; he professes surgery.", "PROFESS', v.i. To declare friendship. Not in use."], "professing": ["PROFESS'ING, ppr. Openly declaring; avowing; acknowledging."], "profession": ["PROFES'SION, n. L. professio.", "1. Open declaration; public avowal or acknowledgment of one's sentiments or belief; as professions of friendship or sincerity; a profession of faith or religion.", "The professions of princes,when a crown is the bait, are a slender security.", "The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction between professions and conduct, and their confidence or distrust follows of course.", "2. The business which one professes to understand and to follow for subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as the learned professions. We speak of the profession of a clergyman, of a lawyer, and of a physician or surgeon; the profession of lecturer on chimistry or mineralogy. But the word is not applied to an occupation merely mechanical.", "3. The collective body of persons engaged in a calling. We speak of practices honorable or disgraceful to a profession.", "4. Among the Romanists,the entering into a religious order, by which a person offers himself to God by a vow of inviolable obedience, chastity and poverty."], "profit": ["PROF'IT, n. L. profectus, proficio, to profit, literally to proceed forward, to advance; pro and facio. The primary sense of facio is to urge or drive.", "1. In commerce, the advance in the price of goods sold beyond the cost of purchase. Net profit is the gain made by selling goods at an advanced price or a price beyond what they had cost the seller, and beyond all costs and charges. The profit of the farmer and the manufacturer is the gain made by the sale of produce or manufactures, after deducting the value of the labor, materials, rents and all expenses, together with the interest of the capital employed, whether land, machinery, buildings, instruments or money.", "Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.", "2. Any gain or pecuniary advantage; as an office of profit or honor.", "3. Any advantage; any accession of good from labor or exertion; an extensive signification, comprehending the acquisition of any thing valuable, corporeal or intellectual, temporal or spiritual. A person may derive profit from exercise, amusements, reading, study, meditation, social intercourse, religious instruction, &c. Every improvement or advance in knowledge is profit to a wise man.", "PROF'IT, v.t.", "1. To benefit; to advantage; applied to one's self, to derive some pecuniary interest or some accession of good from any thing; as, to profit one's self by a commercial undertaking, or by reading or instruction. In this sense, the verb is generally used intransitively. Applied to others, to communicate good to; to advance the interest of.", "Brethren, if I come to you speaking with tongues,what shall I profit you? 1 Cor.14.", "Whereto might the strength of their hands profit me? Job.30.", "2. To improve; to advance.", "It is a great means of profiting yourself, to copy diligently excellent pieces and beautiful designs.", "PROF'IT, v.i. To gain advantage in percuniary interest; as, to profit by trade or manufactures.", "1. To make improvement; to improve; to grow wiser or better; to advance in any thing useful; as, to profit by reading or by experience.", "She has profited by your counsel.", "2. To be of use or advantage; to bring good to.", "Riches profit not in the day of wrath. Prov.11."], "profitable": ["PROF'ITABLE, a. Yielding or bringing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative; as a profitable trade; profitable business; a profitable study or profession.", "1. Useful; advantageous.", "What was so profitable to the empire, became fatal to the emperor."], "profitableness": ["PROF'ITABLENESS, n. Gainfulness; as the profitableness of trade.", "1. Usefulness; advantageousness."], "profitably": ["PROF'ITABLY, adv. With gain; gainfully. Our ships are profitably employed.", "1. Usefully; advantageously; with improvement. Our time may be profitably occupied in reading."], "profited": ["PROF'ITED, pp. Benefited; advanced in interest or happiness; improved.", "What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul? Matt.16."], "profiting": ["PROF'ITING, ppr. Gaining interest or advantage; improving.", "PROF'ITING, n. Gain; advantage; improvement.", "That thy profiting may appear to all. 1 Tim.4."], "profound": ["PROFOUND', a. L.profundus; pro and fundus, bottom. See Found.", "1. Deep; descending or being far below the surface, or far below the adjacent places; as a gulf profound.", "2. Intellectually deep; that enters deeply into subjects; not superficial or obvious to the mind; as a profound investigation; profound reasoning; a profound treatise.", "3. Humble; very lowly; submissive; as a profound reverence for the Supreme Being.", "4. Penetrating deeply into science or any branch of learning; as a profound scholar; a profound mathematician; a profound historian.", "5. Deep in skill or contrivance.", "The revolters are profound to make slaughter. Hos.5.", "6. Having hidden qualities.", "Upon the corner of the moon", "There hangs a vap'rous drop profound.", "PROFOUND', n. The deep; the sea; the ocean; as the vast profound.", "1. The abyss.", "I travel this profound.", "PROFOUND', v.i. To dive; to penetrate. Not in use."], "profoundness": ["PROFOUND'NESS, n. Depth of place.", "1. Depth of knowledge or of science."], "progenitor": ["PROGEN'ITOR, n. L. from progigno; pro and gigno, to beget.", "An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.", "Adam was the progenitor of the human race."], "prognostic": ["PROGNOS'TIC, a. Foreshowing; indicating something future by signs or symptoms; as the prognostic symptoms of a disease; prognostic signs.", "PROGNOS'TIC, n. In medicine, the judgment formed concerning the event of a disease by means of the symptoms.", "1. Something which foreshows; a sign by which a future event may be known or foretold.", "In medicine, a sign or symptom indicating the event of a disease. The appearance of the tongue--is of considerable importance as a prognostic.", "1. A foretelling; prediction."], "prognosticate": ["PROGNOS'TICATE, v.t. from prognostic.", "1. To foreshow; to indicate a future event by present signs. A clear sky at sunset prognosticates a fair day.", "2. To foretell by means of present signs; to predict.", "I neither will nor can prognosticate", "To the young gaping heir his father's fate."], "prognosticated": ["PROGNOS'TICATED, pp. Foreshown; foretold."], "prognosticating": ["PROGNOS'TICATING, ppr. Foreshowing; foretelling."], "prognostication": ["PROGNOSTICA'TION, n. The act of foreshowing a future event by present signs.", "1. The act of foretelling an event by present signs.", "2. A foretoken; previous sign."], "prognosticator": ["PROGNOS'TICATOR, n. A foreknower or foreteller of a future event by present signs."], "prolong": ["PROLONG', v.t. L.pro and longus. See Long.", "1. To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of. Temperate habits tend to prolong life.", "2. To lengthen; to draw out in time by delay; to continue.", "Th' unhappy queen with talk prolong'd the night.", "3. To put off to a distant time.", "For I myself am not so well provided", "As else I would be, were the day prolong'd.", "4. To extend in space or length."], "prolongate": ["PROLON'GATE, v.t. To extend or lengthen in space; as, to prolongate a line.", "1. To extend in time. Little used."], "prolongated": ["PROLON'GATED, pp. Extended in space; continued in length."], "prolongating": ["PROLON'GATING, ppr. Lengthening in space."], "prolongation": ["PROLONGA'TION, n. The act of lengthening in time or space; as the prolongation of life.", "The prolongation of a line.", "1. Extension of time by delay or postponement; as the prolongation of days for payment."], "prolonged": ["PROLONG'ED, pp. Lengthened in duration or space."], "prolonger": ["PROLONG'ER, n. He or that which lengthens in time or space."], "prolonging": ["PROLONG'ING, ppr. Extending in time; continuing in length."], "promise": ["PROM'ISE, n. L. promissum, from promitto, to send before or forward; pro and mitto, to send.", "1. In a general sense, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to another, which binds the person who makes it, either in honor, conscience or law, to do or forbear a certain act specified; a declaration which gives to the person to whom it is made, a right to expect or to claim the performance or forbearance of the act. The promise of a visit to my neighbor, gives him a right to expect it, and I am bound in honor and civility to perform the promise. Of such a promise human laws have no cognizance; but the fulfillment of it is one of the minor moralities, which civility, kindness and strict integrity require to be observed.", "2. In law, a declaration, verbal or written, made by one person to another for a good or valuable consideration, in the nature of a covenant, by which the promiser binds himself, and as the case may be, his legal representatives, to do or forbear some act; and gives to the promisee a legal right to demand and enforce a fulfillment.", "3. A binding declaration of something to be done or given for another's benefit; as the promise of a grant of land. A promise may be absolute or conditional; lawful or unlawful; express or implied. An absolute promise must be fulfilled at all events. The obligation to fulfill a conditional promise depends on the performance of the condition. An unlawful promise is not binding, because it is void; for it is incompatible with a prior paramount obligation of obedience to the laws. An express promise, is one expressed in words or writing. An implied promise, is one which reason and justice dictate. If I hire a man to perform a day's labor, without any declaration that I will pay him, the law presumes a promise on my part that I will give him a reasonable reward, and will enforce much implied promise.", "4. Hopes; expectation, or that which affords expectation of future distinction; as a youth of great promise.", "My native country was full of youthful promise.", "5. That which is promised; fulfillment or grant of what is promised.", "He commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father. Acts.1.", "6. In Scripture,the promise of God is the declaration or assurance which God has given in his word of bestowing blessings on his people. Such assurance resting on the perfect justice,power, benevolence and immutable veracity of God, cannot fail of performance.", "The Lord is not slack concerning his promises. 2 Pet.3.", "PROM'ISE, v.t. To make a declaration to another, which binds the promiser in honor, conscience or law, to do or forbear some act; as, to promise a visit to a friend; to promise a cessation of hostilities; to promise the payment of money.", "1. To afford reason to expect; as, the year promises a good harvest.", "2. To make declaration or give assurance of some benefit to be conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow.", "The proprietors promised large tracts of land.", "PROM'ISE, v.i. To assure one by a promise or binding declaration. The man promises fair; let us forgive him.", "1. To afford hopes or expectations; to give ground to expect good. The youth promises to be an eminent man; the wheat promises to be a good crop; the weather promises to be pleasant.", "2. In popular use, this verb sometimes threatens or assures of evil. The rogue shall be punished, I promise you.", "Will not the ladies be afraid of the lion?", "--I fear it, I promise you.", "In the latter example, promise is equivalent to declare; \"I declare to you.\"", "3. To promise one's self, to be assured or to have strong confidence.", "I dare promise myself you will attest the truth of all I have advanced."], "promised": ["PROM'ISED, pp. Engaged by word or writing; stipulated."], "promiser": ["PROM'ISER, n. One who promises; one who engages, assures, stipulates or covenants. Fear, says Dryden, is a great promiser. We may say that hope is a very liberal promiser.", "The import of a promise, when disputed, is not to be determined by the sense of the promiser, nor by the expectations of the promisee.", "Note. In law language, promisor is used, but without necessity or advantage."], "promising": ["PROM'ISING, ppr. Engaging by words or writing; stipulating; assuring.", "1. Affording just expectations of good or reasonable ground of hope; as a promising youth; a promising prospect. In this sense, the word may be a participle or an adjective."], "promote": ["PROMO'TE, v.t. L. promotus, promoveo, to move forward; pro and moveo, to move.", "1. To forward; to advance; to contribute to the growth, enlargement or excellence of any thing valuable, or to the increase of any thing evil; as, to promote learning, knowledge, virtue or religion; to promote the interest of commerce or agriculture; to promote the arts; to promote civilization or refinement; to promote the propagation of the gospel; to promote vice and disorder.", "2. To excite; as, to promote mutiny.", "3. To exalt; to elevate; to raise; to prefer in rank or honor.", "I will promote thee to very great honors. Num.22.", "Exalt her, and she shall promote thee. Prov.4."], "promoted": ["PROMO'TED, pp. Advanced; exalted."], "promoter": ["PROMO'TER, n. He or that which forwards, advances or promotes; an encourager; as a promoter of charity.", "1. One that excites; as a promoter of sedition.", "2. An informer; a make-bate."], "promoting": ["PROMO'TING, ppr. Forwarding; advancing; exciting; exalting."], "promotion": ["PROMO'TION, n.", "1. The act of promoting; advancement; encouragement; as the promotion of virtue or morals; the promotion of peace or of discord.", "2. Exaltation in rank or honor; preferment.", "My promotion will be thy destruction.", "Promotion cometh neither from the east nor from the west, nor from the south. Ps.75."], "promotive": ["PROMO'TIVE, a. Tending to advance or promote; tending to encourage."], "pronounce": ["PRONOUNCE, v.t. pronouns'. L. pronuncio; pro and nuncio.", "1. To speak; to utter articulately. The child is not able to pronounce words composed of difficult combinations of letters. Adults rarely learn to pronounce correctly a foreign language.", "2. To utter formally, officially or solemnly. The court pronounced sentence of death on the criminal.", "Then Baruch answered them, he pronounced all these words to me with his mouth. Jer.36.", "Sternly he pronounc'd", "The rigid interdiction.", "3. To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; as, to pronounce an oration.", "4. To speak; to utter, in almost any manner.", "5. To declare or affirm. He pronounced the book to be a libel; he pronounced the act to be a fraud.", "PRONOUNCE, v.i. pronouns'. To speak; to make declaration; to utter an opinion.", "How confidently so ever men pronounce of themselves--"], "pronounceable": ["PRONOUNCEABLE, a. pronouns'able. That may be pronounced or uttered."], "pronounced": ["PRONOUN'CED, pp. Spoken; uttered; declared solemnly."], "pronouncer": ["PRONOUN'CER, n. One who utters or declares."], "pronouncing": ["PRONOUN'CING, ppr. Speaking;uttering; declaring.", "1. a. Teaching pronunciation."], "proof": ["PROOF,n.", "1. Trial; essay; experiment; any effort, process or operation that ascertains truth or fact. Thus the quality of spirit is ascertained by proof; the strength of gun-powder, of fire arms and of cannon is determined by proof; the correctness of operations in arithmetic is ascertained by proof.", "2. In law and logic, that degree of evidence which convinces the mind of the certainty of truth of fact, and produces belief. Proof is derived from personal knowledge, or from the testimony of others, or from conclusive reasoning. Proof differs from demonstration, which is applicable only to those truths of which the contrary is inconceivable.", "This has neither evidence of truth, nor proof sufficient to give it warrant.", "3. Firmness or hardness that resists impression, or yields not to force; impenetrability of physical bodies; as a wall that is of proof against shot.", "See arms of proof.", "4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken; as a mind or virtue that is proof against the arts of seduction and the assaults of temptation.", "5. The proof of spirits consists in little bubbles which appear on the top of the liquor after agitation, called the bead, and by the French, chapelet. Hence,", "6. The degree of strength in spirit; as high proof; first proof; second, third or fourth proof.", "7. In printing and engraving, a rough impression of a sheet, taken for correction; plu.proofs, not proves.", "8. Armor sufficiently firm to resist impression. Not used.", "Proof is used elliptically for of proof.", "I have found thee", "Proof against all temptation.", "It is sometimes followed by to, more generally by against."], "proper": ["PROP'ER, a. L. proprius, supposed to be allied to prope, near.", "1. Peculiar; naturally or essentially belonging to a person or thing; not common. That is not proper, which is common to many. Every animal has his proper instincts and inclinations, appetites and habits. Every muscle and vessel of the body has its proper office. Every art has it proper rules. Creation is the proper work of an Almighty Being.", "2. Particularly suited to. Every animal lives in his proper element.", "3. One's own. It may be joined with any possessive pronoun; as our proper son.", "Our proper conceptions.", "Now learn the difference at your proper cost.", "Note. Own is often used in such phrases; \"at your own proper cost.\" This is really tautological, but sanctioned by usage, and expressive of emphasis.", "4. Noting an individual; pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; as a proper name. Dublin is the proper name of a city.", "5. Fit; suitable; adapted; accommodated. A thin dress is not proper for clothing in a cold climate. Stimulants are proper remedies for debility. Gravity of manners is very proper for persons of advanced age.", "In Athens, all was pleasure,mirth and play", "All proper to the spring and sprightly May.", "6. Correct; just; as a proper word; a proper expression.", "7. Not figurative.", "8. Well formed; handsome.", "Moses was a proper child. Heb.11.", "9. Tall; lusty; handsome with bulk. Low and not used.", "10. In vulgar language, very; as proper good; proper sweet. This is very improper, as well as vulgar.", "Proper receptacle, in botany, that which supports only a single flower or fructification; proper perianth or involucre, that which incloses only a single flower; proper flower or corol, one of the single florets or corollets in an aggregate or compound flower; proper nectary, separate form the petals and other parts of the flower."], "properness": ["PROP'ERNESS, n. The quality of being proper. Little used.", "1. Tallness. Not in use.", "2. Perfect form; handsomeness."], "prophecy": ["PROPH'ECY, n. Gr. to foretell, before and to tell. This ought to be written prophesy.", "1. A foretelling; prediction; a declaration of something to come. As God only knows future events with certainty, no being but God or some person informed by him, can utter a real prophecy. The prophecies recorded in Scripture, when fulfilled, afford most convincing evidence of the divine original of the Scriptures, as those who uttered the prophecies could not have foreknown the events predicted without supernatural instruction. 2 Pet.1.", "2. In Scripture, a book of prophecies; a history; as the prophecy of Ahijah. 2 Chron. 9.", "3. Preaching; public interpretation of Scripture; exhortation or instruction. Prov.31."], "prophesied": ["PROPH'ESIED, pp. Foretold; predicted."], "prophesier": ["PROPH'ESIER, n. One who predicts events."], "prophesy": ["PROPH'ESY, v.t. To foretell future events; to predict.", "I hate him, for he doth not prophesy good concerning", "me, but evil. 1 Kings.22.", "1. To foreshow. Little used.", "PROPH'ESY, v.i. To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come. Jer.11.", "1. In Scripture, to preach; to instruct in religious doctrines; to interpret or explain Scripture or religious subjects; to exhort. 1 Cor.13. Ezek.37."], "prophesying": ["PROPH'ESYING, ppr. Foretelling events.", "PROPH'ESYING, n. The act of foretelling or of preaching."], "prophet": ["PROPH'ET, n. L. propheta.", "1. One that foretells future events; a predicter; a foreteller.", "2. In Scripture, a person illuminated, inspired or instructed by God to announce future events; as Moses, Elijah, David, Isaiah, &c.", "3. An interpreter; one that explains or communicates sentiments. Ex.7.", "4. One who pretends to foretell; an imposter; as a false prophet. Acts 13.", "of the prophets, among the Israelites, a school or college in which young men were educated and qualified for public teachers. These students were called sons of the prophets."], "prophetical": ["PROPHET'ICAL, a. Containing prophecy; foretelling future events; as prophetic writings.", "1. Unfolding future events; as prophetic dreams.", "It has of before the thing foretold.", "And fears are oft prophetic of th' event."], "prophetically": ["PROPHET'ICALLY, adv. By way of prediction; in the manner of prophecy."], "prophetize": ["PROPH'ETIZE, v.i. To give prediction. Not used"], "prophetess": ["PROPH'ETESS, n. A female prophet; a woman who foretells future events, as Miriam, Huldah, Anna, &c. Ex.15. Judg.4. Luke 2."], "propitiable": ["PROPI'TIABLE, a. See Propitiate. That may be induced to favor, or that may be made propitious."], "propitiate": ["PROPI'TIATE, v.t. L. propitio; pio. Eng. pity.", "To conciliate; to appease one offended and render him favorable; to make propitious.", "Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage,", "The god propitiate and the pest assuage."], "propitiated": ["PROPI'TIATED, pp. Appeased and rendered favorable; conciliated."], "propitiating": ["PROPI'TIATING, ppr. Conciliating; appeasing the wrath of and rendering favorable."], "propitiation": ["PROPITIATION, n. propisia'shon.", "1. The act of appeasing wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person; the act of making propitious.", "2. In theology, the atonement or atoning sacrifice offered to God to assuage his wrath and render him propitious to sinners. Christ is the propitiation for the sins of men. Rom.3. 1 John 2."], "propitiator": ["PROPITIA'TOR, n. One who propitiates."], "propitious": ["PROPI'TIOUS, a. L.propitius. Favorable; kind; applied to men.", "1. Disposed to be gracious or merciful; ready to forgive sins and bestow blessings; applied to God.", "2. Favorable; as a propitious season."], "propitiously": ["PROPI'TIOUSLY, adv. Favorably; kindly."], "propitiousness": ["PROPI'TIOUSNESS, n. Kindness; disposition to treat another kindly; disposition to forgive.", "1. Favorableness; as the propitiousness of the season or climate."], "proportion": ["PROPORTION, n. L.proportio; pro and portio, part or share. See Portion.", "1. The comparative relation of any one thing to another. Let a man's exertions be in proportion to his strength.", "2. The identity or similitude of two ratios. Proportion differs from ratio. Ratio is the relation which determines the quantity of one thing from the quantity of another, without the intervention of a third. Thus the ratio of 5 and 10 is 2; the ratio of 8 and 16 is 2. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two such relations. Thus 5 is to 10, as 8 to 16, or A is to B, as C is to D; that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10, as 8 does to 16. Hence we say, such numbers are in proportion.", "Proportion, in mathematics, an equality or ratios.", "The term proportion is sometimes improperly used for ratio. The ratio between two quantities, is expressed by the quotient of one divided by the other; thus, the ratio of 10 to 5 is 2, and the ratio of 16 to 8 is 2. These two equal ratios constitute a proportion, which is expressed by saying, 10 is to 5 as 16 is to 8; or more concisely, 10: 5:: 16: 8. See Ratio.", "3. In arithmetic, a rule by which, when three numbers are given, a fourth number is found, which bears the same relation to the third as the second does to the first; or a fourth number is found, bearing the same relation to the second as the first does to the third. The former is called direct, and the latter, inverse proportion.", "4. Symmetry; suitable adaptation of one part or thing to another; as the proportion of one limb to another in the human body; the proportion of the length and breadth of a room to its highth.", "Harmony, with every grace,", "Place in the fair proportions of her face.", "5. Equal or just share; as, to ascertain the proportion of profit to which each partner in a company is entitled.", "6. Form; size. Little used.", "7. The relation between unequal things of the same kind, by which their several parts correspond to each other with an equal augmentation and diminution, as in reducing and enlarging figures.", "This more properly belongs to ratio.", "Harmonical or musical proportion, is when, of three numbers,the first is to the third as the difference of the first and second to the difference of the second and third. Thus 2.3.6. are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to 3. So also four numbers are harmonical, when the first is to the fourth, as the difference of the first and second is to the difference of the third and fourth. Thus, 24.16.12.9. are harmonical, for 24 : 9 :: 8 : 3.", "Arithmetical and geometrical proportion. See Progression, No.4.", "Reciprocal proportion, an equality between a direct and a reciprocal ratio. Thus, 4 : 2 :: 1/3 : 1/6. See Reciprocals, and Reciprocal ratio.", "PROPORTION, v.t. To adjust the comparative relation of one thing or one part to another; as, to proportion the size of a building to its highth, or the thickness of a thing to its length; to proportion our expenditures to our income.", "In the loss of an object, we do not proportion our grief to its real value, but to the value our fancies set upon it.", "1. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body."], "proportional": ["PROPORTIONAL, a. Having a due comparative relation; being in suitable proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are proportional. In pharmacy, medicines are compounded of certain proportional quantities of ingredients. The velocity of a moving body is proportional to the impelling force, when the quantity of matter is given; its momentum is proportional to the quantity of matter it contains,when its velocity is given.", "Proportional, in chimistry, a term employed in the theory of definite proportions, to denote the same as the weight of an atom or a prime. See Prime.", "Proportionals, in geometry, are quantities, either linear or numeral, which bear the same ratio or relation to each other."], "proportioned": ["PROPORTIONED, pp. Made or adjusted with due proportion or with symmetry of parts."], "proportioning": ["PROPORTIONING, ppr. Making proportional."], "proselyte": ["PROS'ELYTE, n. Gr. to come. A new convert to some religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system or party. Thus a Gentile converted to Judaism is a proselyte; a pagan converted to christianity is a proselyte; and we speak familiarly of proselytes to the theories of Brown, of Black, or of Lavoisier. The word primarily refers to converts to some religious creed.", "PROS'ELYTE, v.t. To make a convert to some religion, or to some opinion or system."], "proselytism": ["PROS'ELYTISM, n. The making of converts to a religion or religious sect, or to any opinion, system or party.", "They were possessed with a spirit of proselytism in the most fanatical degree.", "1. Conversion to a system or creed."], "proselytize": ["PROS'ELYTIZE, to make converts, or to convert, is not well authorized, or not in common use, and is wholly unnecessary."], "prospect": ["PROS'PECT, n. L. prospectus, prospicio, to look forward; pro and specio, to see.", "1. View of things within the reach of the eye.", "Eden and all the coast in prospect lay.", "2. View of things to come; intellectual sight; expectation. The good man enjoys the prospect of future felicity.", "3. That which is presented to the eye; the place and the objects seen. There is a noble prospect from the dome of the state house in Boston, a prospect diversified with land and water, and every thing that can please the eye.", "4. Object of view.", "Man to himself", "Is a large prospect.", "5. View delineated or painted; picturesque representation of a landscape.", "6. Place which affords an extended view.", "7. Position of the front of a building; as a prospect towards the south or north. Ezek.40.", "8. Expectation, or ground of expectation. There is a prospect of a good harvest. A man has a prospect of preferment; or he has little prospect of success.", "9. A looking forward; a regard to something future.", "Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, who lays designs only for a day, without any prospect to or provision for the remaining part of life? Little used."], "prospection": ["PROSPEC'TION, n. The act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants."], "prospective": ["PROSPECT'IVE, a. Looking forward in time; regarding the future; opposed to retrospective.", "The supporting of Bible societies is one of the points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no prospective bearing.", "1. Acting with foresight.", "The French king and king of Sweden, are circumspect, industrious and prospective in this affair.", "2. Pertaining to a prospect; viewing at a distance.", "3. Furnishing an extensive prospect."], "prospectively": ["PROSPECT'IVELY, adv. With reference to the future."], "prosper": ["PROS'PER, v.t. L.prospero, from prosperus, from the Gr. to carry to or toward; to bear. To favor; to render successful. All things concur to prosper our design.", "PROS'PER, v.i. To be successful; to succeed.", "The Lord made all that he did to prosper in his hand. Gen.39.", "He that covereth his sins, shall not prosper. Prov.28.", "1. To grow or increase; to thrive; to make gain; as, to prosper in business. Our agriculture, commerce and manufactures now prosper."], "prospered": ["PROS'PERED, pp. Having success; favored."], "prospering": ["PROS'PERING, ppr. Rendering successful; advancing in growth, wealth or any good."], "prosperity": ["PROSPER'ITY, n. L. prosperitas. Advance or gain in any thing good or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; success; attainment of the object desired; as the prosperity of arts; agricultural or commercial prosperity; national prosperity. Our disposition to abuse the blessings of providence renders prosperity dangerous.", "The prosperity of fools shall destroy them. Prov.1."], "prosperous": ["PROS'PEROUS, a. L.prosperus. Advancing in the pursuit of any thing desirable; making gain or increase; thriving; successful; as a prosperous trade; a prosperous voyage; a prosperous expedition or undertaking; a prosperous man, family or nation; a prosperous war.", "The seed shall be prosperous; the vine shall give her fruit. Zech.8.", "1. Favorable; favoring success; as a prosperous wind."], "prosperously": ["PROS'PEROUSLY, adv. With gain or increase; successfully."], "prosperousness": ["PROS'PEROUSNESS, n. The state of being successful; prosperity."], "prostitute": ["PROS'TITUTE, v.t. L.prostituo; pro and statuo, to set.", "1. To offer freely to a lewd use, or to indiscriminate lewdness.", "Do not prostitute thy daughter. Lev.19.", "2. To give up to any vile or infamous purpose; to devote to any thing base; to sell to wickedness; as, to prostitute talents to the propagation of infidel principles, to prostitute the press to the publication of blasphemy.", "3. To offer or expose upon vile terms or to unworthy persons.", "PROS'TITUTE, a. Openly devoted to lewdness; sold to wickedness or to infamous purposes.", "Made bold by want and prostitute for bread.", "PROS'TITUTE, n. A female given to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet.", "1. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous employments for hire.", "No hireling she, no prostitute to praise."], "prostituted": ["PROS'TITUTED, pp. Offered to common lewdness; devoted to base purposes."], "prostituting": ["PROS'TITUTING, ppr. Offering to indiscriminate lewdness; devoting to infamous uses."], "prostitution": ["PROSTITU'TION, n. L. prostituo.", "1. The act or practice of offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a female.", "2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or offering one's self to infamous employments; as the prostitution of talents or abilities."], "protect": ["PROTECT', v.t. L.protectus, protego; pro and tego; to cover; Gr. with a prefix; Eng. deck. See Deck. To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; a word of general import both in a literal and figurative sense. Walls protect a city or garrison; clothing is designed to protect the body from cold; arms may protect one from an assault; our houses protect us from the inclemencies of the weather; the law protects our persons and property; the father protects his children, and the guardian his ward; a shade protects us from extreme heat; a navy protects our commerce and our shores; embassadors are protected from arrest."], "protected": ["PROTECT'ED, pp. Covered or defended from injury; preserved in safety."], "protecting": ["PROTECT'ING, ppr. Shielding from injury; defending; preserving in safety."], "protection": ["PROTEC'TION, n. The act of protecting; defense; shelter from evil; preservation from loss, injury or annoyance. We find protection under good laws and an upright administration. How little are men disposed to acknowledge divine protection!", "1. That which protects or preserves from injury.", "Let them rise up and help you, and be your protection. Deut.32.", "2. A writing that protects; a passport or other writing which secures from molestation.", "3. Exemption. Embassadors at foreign courts are entitled to protection from arrest. Members of parliament, representatives and senators, are entitled to protection from arrest during their attendance on the legislature, as are suitors and witnesses attending a court.", "Writ of protection, a writ by which the king or Great Britain exempts a person from arrest."], "protective": ["PROTECT'IVE, a. Affording protection; sheltering; defensive."], "protest": ["PROTEST', v.i. L. protestor; pro and testor, to affirm it.", "1. To affirm with solemnity; to make a solemn declaration of a fact or opinion; as, I protest to you, I have no knowledge of the transaction.", "2. To make a solemn declaration expressive of opposition; with against; as, he protests against your votes.", "The conscience has power to protest against the exorbitancies of the passions.", "3. To make a formal declaration in writing against a public law or measure. It is the privilege of any lord in parliament to protest against a law or resolution.", "PROTEST', v.t. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation.", "Fiercely they oppos'd", "My journey strange, with clamorous uproar", "Protesting fate supreme.", "1. To prove; to show; to give evidence of. Not in use.", "2. In commerce, to protest a bill of exchange, is for a notary public, at the request of the payee, to make a formal declaration under hand and seal, against the drawer of the bill, on account of non-acceptance or non-payment, for exchange, cost,commissions, damages and interest; of which act the indorser must be notified within such time as the law or custom prescribes. In like manner, notes of hand given to a banking corporation are protested for non-payment."], "protestant": ["PROT'ESTANT, a. Pertaining to those who, at the reformation of religion,protested against a decree of Charles V. and the diet of Spires; pertaining to the adherents of Luther, or others of the reformed churches; as the protestant religion.", "PROT'ESTANT, n. One of the party who adhered to Luther at the reformation in 1529, and protested, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from a decree of the emperor Charles V. and the diet of Spires, and appealed to a general council. This name was afterwards extended to the followers of Calvin, and Protestants is the denomination now given to all who belong to the reformed churches. The king of Prussia has, however, interdicted the use of this name in his dominions."], "protestantly": ["PROT'ESTANTLY, adv. In conformity to the protestants. A very bad word and not used."], "protestation": ["PROTESTA'TION, n.", "1. A solemn declaration of a fact, opinion or resolution.", "2. A solemn declaration of dissent; a protest; as the protestation of certain noblemen against an order of council.", "3. In law, a declaration in pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact,protesting that it does or does not exist. The lord may allege the villenage of the plaintiff by way of protestation, and thus deny the demand."], "protested": ["PROTEST'ED, pp. Solemnly declared or alleged; declared against for non-acceptance or non-payment."], "protester": ["PROTEST'ER, n. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration.", "1. One who protests a bill of exchange."], "protesting": ["PROTEST'ING, ppr. Solemnly declaring or affirming; declaring against for non-acceptance or non-payment."], "proud": ["PROUD, a.", "1. Having inordinate self-esteem; possessing a high or unreasonable conceit of one's own excellence, either of body or mind. A man may be proud of his person, of his talents,of his accomplishments or of his achievements. He may be proud of any thing to which he bears some relation. He may be proud of his country, his government, his equipage, or of whatever may, by association, gratify his esteem of himself. He may even be proud of his religion or of his church. He conceives that any thing excellent or valuable, in which he has a share, or to which he stands related, contributes to his own importance, and this conception exalts his opinion of himself. Proud is followed by of, before the object, supra.", "2. Arrogant; haughty; supercilious.", "A foe so proud will not the weaker seek.", "3. Daring; presumptuous.", "By his understanding he smiteth through the proud. Job.26.", "4. Lofty of mien; grand of person; as a proud steed.", "5. Grand, lofty; splendid; magnificent.", "Storms of stones from the proud temple's height.", "6. Ostentatious; grand; as proud titles.", "7. Splendid; exhibiting grandeur and distinction; exciting pride; as a proud day for Rome.", "8. Excited by the animal appetite; applied particularly to the female of the canine species.", "9. Fungous; as proud flesh."], "proudly": ["PROUD'LY, adv. With an inordinate self-esteem; in a proud manner; haughtily; ostentatiously; with lofty airs or mien.", "Proudly he marches on and void of fear."], "prove": ["PROVE, v.t. prov. L. probo.", "1. To try; to ascertain some unknown quality or truth by an experiment, or by a test or standard. Thus we prove the strength of gunpowder by experiment; we prove the strength or solidity of cannon by experiment. We prove the contents of a vessel by comparing it with a standard measure.", "2. To evince, establish or ascertain as truth, reality or fact, by testimony or other evidence. The plaintiff in a suit, must prove the truth of his declaration; the prosecutor must prove his charges against the accused.", "3. To evince truth by argument, induction or reasoning; to deduce certain conclusions from propositions that are true or admitted. If it is admitted that every immoral act is dishonorable to a rational being, and that dueling is an immoral act; then it is proved by necessary inference, that dueling is dishonorable to a rational being.", "4. To ascertain the genuineness or validity of; to verify; as, to prove a will.", "5. To experience; to try by suffering or encountering; to gain certain knowledge by the operation of something on ourselves, or by some act of our own.", "Let him in arms the power of Turnus prove.", "6. In arithmetic, to show, evince or ascertain the correctness of any operation or result. Thus in subtraction, if the difference between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved. In other words, if the sum of the remainder and of the subtrahend, is equal to the minuend, the operation of subtraction is proved to be correct.", "7. To try; to examine.", "Prove your own selves. 2 Cor. 13.", "8. Men prove God, when by their provocations they put his patience to trial, Ps.95.; or when by obedience they make trial how much he will countenance such conduct, Mal.3.", "PROVE, v.i. To make trial; to essay.", "The sons prepare--", "To prove by arms whose fate it was to reign.", "1. To be found or to have its qualities ascertained by experience or trial; as, a plant or medicine proves salutary.", "2. To be ascertained by the event or something subsequent; as the report proves to be true, or proves to be false.", "3. To be found true or correct by the result.", "4. To make certain; to show; to evince.", "This argument proves how erroneous is the common opinion.", "5. To succeed.", "If the experiment proved not--", "Not in use."], "proved": ["PROVED, pp. Tried; evinced; experienced."], "proving": ["PROVING, ppr. Trying; ascertaining; evincing; experiencing."], "provender": ["PROV'ENDER, n. L. vivo, to live, and from vivanda; Eng.viand.", "1. Dry food for beasts, usually meal, or a mixture of meal and cut straw or hay. In a more general sense, it may signify dry food of any kind.", "2. Provisions; meat; food.", "Not used of food for man in New England."], "proverb": ["PROV'ERB, n. L. proverbium; pro and verbum, a word.", "1. A short sentence often repeated, expressing a well known truth or common fact, ascertained by experience or observation; a maxim of wisdom.", "The proverb is true, that light gains make heavy purses, for light gains come often, great gains now and then.", "2. A by-word; a name often repeated; and hence frequently, a reproach or object of contempt. Jer.24.", "3. In Scripture, it sometimes signifies a moral sentence or maxim that is enigmatical; a dark saying of the wise that requires interpretation. Prov.1.", "4. Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims, rich in practical truths and excellent rules for the conduct of all classes of men.", "PROV'ERB, v.t. To mention in a proverb. Not in use.", "1. To provide with a proverb. Not in use."], "provide": ["PROVI'DE, v.t. L. provideo,literally to see before; pro and video, to see.", "1. To procure beforehand; to get, collect or make ready for future use; to prepare.", "Abraham said, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt-offering. Gen.22.", "Provide neither gold nor silver nor brass in your purses. Matt.10.", "Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Rom.12.", "2. To furnish; to supply; followed by with.", "Rome, by the care of the magistrates, was well provided with corn.", "Provided of is now obsolete.", "3. To stipulate previously. The agreement provides that the party shall incur no loss.", "4. To make a previous conditional stipulation. See Provided.", "5. To foresee; a Latinism. Not in use.", "6. Provide, in a transitive sense, is followed by against or for. We provide warm clothing against the inclemencies of the weather; we provide necessaries against a time of need; or we provide warm clothing for winter, &c.", "PROVI'DE, v.i. To procure supplies or means of defense; or to take measures for counteracting or escaping an evil. The sagacity of brutes in providing against the inclemencies of the weather is wonderful.", "Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants."], "provided": ["PROVI'DED, pp. Procured beforehand; made ready for future use; supplied; furnished; stipulated.", "1. Stipulated as a condition, which condition is expressed in the following sentence or words; as, \"provided that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.\" This sentence is in the nature of the case absolute, the clause or sentence independent; \"this or that being provided, which follows;\" \"this condition being provided.\" The word being is understood, and the participle provided agrees with the whole sentence absolute. \"This condition being previously stipulated or established.\" This and that here refer to the whole member of the sentence."], "providence": ["PROV'IDENCE, n. L. providentia.", "1. The act of providing or preparing for future use or application.", "Providence for war is the best prevention of it. Now little used.", "2. Foresight; timely care; particularly, active foresight, or foresight accompanied with the procurement of what is necessary for future use, or with suitable preparation. How many of the troubles and perplexities of life proceed from want of providence!", "3. In theology, the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures. He that acknowledges a creation and denies a providence, involves himself in a palpable contradiction; for the same power which caused a thing to exist is necessary to continue its existence. Some persons admit a general providence,but deny a particular providence, not considering that a general providence consists of particulars. A belief in divine providence, is a source of great consolation to good men. By divine providence is often understood God himself.", "4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns or in private economy."], "provident": ["PROV'IDENT, a. Foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; forecasting; cautious; prudent in preparing for future exigences; as a provident man; a provident animal.", "The parsimonious emmet, provident", "Of future.", "Orange is what Augustus was,", "Brave, wary, provident and bold."], "providently": ["PROV'IDENTLY, adv. With prudent foresight; with wise precaution in preparing for the future."], "provider": ["PROVI'DER, n. One who provides, furnishes or supplies; one that procures what is wanted."], "province": ["PROV'INCE, n. L. provincia; usually supposed to be formed from pro and vinco, to conquer. This is very doubtful, as provinco was not used by the Romans.", "1. Among the Romans, a country of considerable extent, which being reduced under their dominion, was new-modeled, subjected to the command of an annual governor sent from Rome, and to such taxes and contributions as the Romans saw fit to impose. That part of France next to the Alps, was a Roman province, and still bears the name Provence.", "2. Among the moderns, a country belonging to a kingdom or state, either by conquest or colonization, usually situated at a distance from the kingdom or state, but more or less dependent on it or subject to it. Thus formerly, the English colonies in North America were provinces of Great Britain, as Nova Scotia and Canada still are. The provinces of the Netherlands formerly belonged to the house of Austria and to Spain.", "3. A division of a kingdom or state, of considerable extent. In England, a division of the ecclesiastical state under the jurisdiction of an archbishop, of which there are two, the province of Canterbury and that of York.", "4. A region of country; in a general sense; a tract; a large extent.", "Over many a tract", "Of heaven they march'd, and many a province wide.", "They never look abroad into the provinces of the intellectual world.", "5. The proper office or business of a person. It is the province of the judge to decide causes between individuals.", "The woman's province is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in her affection."], "provision": ["PROVI'SION, n. s as z. L. provisio, provideo. See Provide.", "1. The act of providing or making previous preparation.", "2. Things provided; preparation; measures taken beforehand, either for security, defense or attack, or for the supply of wants. We make provision to defend ourselves form enemies; we make provision for war; we make provision for a voyage or for erecting a building; we make provision for the support of the poor. Government makes provision for its friends.", "3. Stores provided; stock; as provision of victuals; provision of materials.", "4. Victuals; food; provender; all manner of eatables for man and beast; as provisions for the table or for the family; provisions for an army.", "5. Previous stipulation; terms or agreement made, or measures taken for a future exigency.", "In the law, no provision was made to abolish the barbarous customs of the Irish.", "Papal provision, a previous nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, by which practice the rightful patron was deprived of his presentation.", "PROVI'SION, v.t. To supply with victuals or food. The ship was provisioned for a voyage of six months. The garrison was well provisioned."], "provocation": ["PROVOCA'TION, n. L.provacatio. See Provoke.", "1. Any thing that excites anger; the cause of resentment.", "1 Kings 21.", "2. The act of exciting anger.", "3. An appeal to a court or judge. A Latinism, not now used.", "4. Incitement. Not used."], "provocative": ["PROVO'CATIVE, a. Exciting; stimulating; tending to awaken or incite appetite or passion.", "PROVO'CATIVE, n. Any thing that tends to excite appetite or passion; a stimulant; as a provocative of hunger or of lust."], "provocativeness": ["PROVO'CATIVENESS, n. The quality of being provocative or stimulating."], "provoke": ["PROVO'KE, v.t. L.provoco, to call forth; pro and voco, to call.", "1. To call into action; to arouse; to excite; as, to provoke anger or wrath by offensive words or by injury; to provoke war.", "2. To make angry; to offend; to incense; to enrage.", "Ye fathers,provoke not your children to wrath. Eph.6.", "Often provoked by the insolence of some of the bishops--", "3. To excite; to cause; as, to provoke perspiration; to provoke a smile.", "4. To excite; to stimulate; to increase.", "The taste of pleasure provokes the appetite, and every successive indulgence of vice which is to form a habit, is easier than the last.", "5. To challenge.", "He now provokes the sea-gods from the shore.", "6. To move; to incite; to stir up; to induce by motives. Rom.10.", "Let us consider one another to provoke to love and to good works. Heb.10.", "7. To incite; to rouse; as, to provoke one to anger. Deut.32.", "PROVO'KE, v.i. To appeal. A Latinism,not used."], "provoked": ["PROVO'KED, pp. Excited; roused; incited; made angry; incensed."], "provoker": ["PROVO'KER, n. One that excites anger or other passion; one that excites war or sedition.", "1. That which excites, causes or promotes."], "provoking": ["PROVO'KING, ppr. Exciting into action; inciting; inducing by motives; making angry.", "1. a. Having the power or quality of exciting resentment; tending to awaken passion; as provoking words; provoking treatment."], "provokingly": ["PROVO'KINGLY, adv. In such a manner as to excite anger."], "prudence": ["PRU'DENCE, n. L. prudentia. Wisdom applied to practice.", "Prudence implies caution in deliberating and consulting on the most suitable means to accomplish valuable purposes, and the exercise of sagacity in discerning and selecting them. Prudence differs from wisdom in this, that prudence implies more caution and reserve than wisdom, or is exercised more in foreseeing and avoiding evil, than in devising and executing that which is good. It is sometimes mere caution or circumspection.", "Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due means, order, season and method of doing or not doing."], "prudent": ["PRU'DENT, a. Cautious; circumspect; practically wise; careful of the consequences of enterprises, measures or actions; cautious not to act when the end is of doubtful utility, or probably impracticable.", "The prudent man looketh well to his going. Prov.14.", "A prudent man foreseeth the evil and hideth himself. Prov.22.", "1. Dictated or directed by prudence; as prudent behavior.", "2. Foreseeing by instinct; as the prudent crane.", "3. Frugal; economical; as a prudent woman; prudent expenditure of money.", "4. Wise; intelligent."], "prudently": ["PRU'DENTLY, adv. With prudence; with due caution or circumspection; discretely; wisely; as domestic affairs prudently managed; laws prudently framed or executed.", "1. With frugality; economically; as income prudently expended."], "prune": ["PRU'NE, v.t.", "1. To lop or cut off the superfluous branches of trees, to make them bear better fruit or grow higher, or to give them a more handsome and regular appearance.", "2. To clear from any thing superfluous; to dress; to trim.", "His royal bird", "Prunes the immortal wing, and cloys his beak."], "pruned": ["PRU'NED, pp. Divested of superfluous branches; trimmed.", "1. Cleared of what is unsuitable or superfluous."], "pruning": ["PRU'NING, ppr. Lopping off superfluous branches; trimming; clearing of what is superfluous.", "PRU'NING, n. In gardening and agriculture, the lopping off the superfluous branches of trees,either for improving the trees or their fruit."], "psalm": ["PSALM, n. s`am. L. psalmus; Gr. to touch or beat, to sing.", "A sacred song or hymn; a song composed on a divine subject and in praise of God. The most remarkable psalms are those composed by David and other Jewish saints, a collection of one hundred and fifty of which constitutes a canonical book of the Old Testament, called Psalms, or the book of Psalms. The word is also applied to sacred songs composed by modern poets, being versifications of the scriptural psalms, or of these with other parts of Scripture, composed for the use of churches; as the Psalms of Tate and Brady, of Watts, &c."], "psalmist": ["PS`ALMIST, n. A writer or composer of sacred songs; a title particularly applied to David and the other authors of the scriptural psalms.", "1. In the church of Rome, a clerk, precentor, singer or leader of music in the church."], "psaltery": ["PSAL'TERY, n. Gr. An instrument of music used by the Hebrews,the form of which is not now known. That which is now used is a flat instrument in form of a trapezium or triangle truncated at the top, strung with thirteen chords of wire, mounted on two bridges at the sides, and struck with a plectrum or crooked stick.", "Praise the Lord with harp; sing to him with the psaltery, and an instrument of ten strings. Ps.33."], "publican": ["PUB'LICAN, n. L.publicanus, from publicus.", "1. A collector of toll or tribute. Among the Romans, a publican was a farmer of the taxes and public revenues,and the inferior officers of this class were deemed oppressive.", "As Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples. Matt.9.", "2. The keeper of a public house; an innkeeper."], "publish": ["PUB'LISH, v.t. L.publico. See Public.", "1. To discover or make known to mankind or to people in general what before was private or unknown; to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or proclaim, as a law or edict. We publish a secret, by telling it to people without reserve. Laws are published by printing or by proclamation. Christ and his apostles published the glad tidings of salvation.", "Th' unwearied sun, from day to day,", "Does his Creator's power display;", "And publishes to every land", "The work of an Almighty hand.", "2. To send a book into the world; or to sell or offer for sale a book, map or print.", "3. To utter; to put off or into circulation; as, to publish a forged or counterfeit paper.", "4. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to publish banns of matrimony. We say also, the persons intending marriage are published; that is, their intention of marriage is published."], "published": ["PUB'LISHED, pp. Made known to the community; divulged; promulgated; proclaimed."], "publisher": ["PUB'LISHER, n. One who makes known what was before private or unknown; one that divulges, promulgates or proclaims.", "1. One who sends a book or writing into the world for common use; one that offers a book, pamphlet, &c., for sale.", "2. One who utters, passes or puts into circulation a counterfeit paper."], "publishing": ["PUB'LISHING, ppr. Making known; divulging; promulgating; proclaiming; selling or offering publicly for sale; uttering."], "publishment": ["PUB'LISHMENT, n. In popular usage in New England, a notice of intended marriage."], "puffed": ["PUFF'ED, pp. Driven out suddenly, as air or breath; blown up; swelled with air; inflated with vanity or pride; praised."], "puffing": ["PUFF'ING, ppr. Driving out the breath with a single, sudden blast; blowing up; inflating; praising pompously."], "puffingly": ["PUFF'INGLY, adv. Tumidly; with swell.", "1. With vehement breathing or shortness of breath."], "pull": ["PULL, v.t. L. vello.", "1. To draw; to draw towards one or to make an effort to draw. Pull differs from draw; we use draw when motion follows the effort, and pull is used in the same sense; but we may also pull forever without drawing or moving the thing. This distinction may not be universal. Pull is opposed to push.", "Then he put forth his hand and took her and pulled her in to him into the ark. Gen.8.", "2. To pluck; to gather by drawing or forcing off or out; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax.", "3. To tear; to rend; but in this sense followed by some qualifying word or phrase; as, to pull in pieces; to pull asunder or apart. To pull in two, is to separate or tear by violence into two parts.", "To pull down, to demolish or to take in pieces by separating the parts; as, to pull down a house.", "1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy.", "In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to pull down than to build up.", "2. To bring down; to degrade; to humble.", "To raise the wretched and pull down the proud.", "pull off, to separate by pulling; to pluck; also, to take off without force; as, to pull off a coat or hat.", "To pull out, to draw out; to extract.", "To pull up, to pluck up; to tear up by the roots; hence, to extirpate; to eradicate; to destroy.", "PULL, n. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move by drawing towards one.", "1. A contest; a struggle.", "2. Pluck; violence suffered."], "pulled": ["PULL'ED, pp. Drawn towards one; plucked."], "pulling": ["PULL'ING, ppr. Drawing; making an effort to draw; plucking."], "pulpit": ["PUL'PIT, n. L. pulpitum, a state, scaffold, or higher part of a stage.", "1. An elevated place or inclosed stage in a church, in which the preacher stands. It is called also a desk.", "2. In the Roman theater, the pulpitum was the place where the players performed their parts, lower than the scene and higher than the orchestra.", "3. A movable desk, from which disputants pronounced their dissertations, and authors recited their works."], "pulsative": ["PULS'ATIVE, a. Beating; throbbing."], "pulse": ["PULSE, n. puls. L. pulsus, from pello, to drive.", "1. In animals, the beating or throbbing of the heart and arteries;more particularly, the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused by the projectile force of the blood, which is perceptible to the touch. Hence we say, to feel the pulse. The pulse is frequent or rare, quick or slow, equal or unequal, regular or intermitting, hard or soft, strong or weak, &c. The pulses of an adult in health, are little more than one pulse to a second; in certain fevers, the number is increased to 90, 100, or even to 140 in a minute.", "2. The stroke with which a medium is affected by the motion of light, sound, &c.; oscillation; vibration.", "Sir Isaac Newton demonstrates that the velocities of the pulses of an elastic fluid medium are in a ratio compounded of half the ratio of the elastic force directly, and half the ratio of the density inversely.", "To feel one's pulse, metaphorically, to sound one's opinion; to try or to know one's mind.", "PULSE, v.i. To beat, as the arteries. Little used.", "PULSE, v.t. L. pulso. To drive, as the pulse. Little used.", "PULSE, n. L. pulsus, beaten out, as seeds; Heb. a bean, to separate. Leguminous plants or their seeds; the plants whose pericarp is a legume or pod, as beans, peas, &c."], "punish": ["PUN'ISH, v.t. L. punio, from the root of poena,pain. The primary sense is to press or strain.", "1. To pain; to afflict with pain, loss or calamity for a crime or fault; primarily, to afflict with bodily pain, as to punish a thief with pillory or stripes; but the word is applied also to affliction by loss of property, by transportation, banishment, seclusion from society, &c. The laws require murderers to be punished with death. Other offenders are to be punished with fines, imprisonment, hard labor,&c. God punishes men for their sins with calamities personal and national.", "2. To chastise; as, a father punishes his child for disobedience.", "3. To regard with pain or suffering inflicted on the offender; applied to the crime; as, to punish murder or theft."], "punishable": ["PUN'ISHABLE, a. Worthy of punishment.", "1. Liable to punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; applied to persons or offenses; as, a man is punishable for robbery or for trespass; a crime is punishable by law."], "punishableness": ["PUN'ISHABLENESS, n. The quality of deserving or being liable to punishment."], "punished": ["PUN'ISHED, pp. Afflicted with pain or evil as the retribution of a crime or offense; chastised."], "punisher": ["PUN'ISHER, n. One that inflicts pain, loss or other evil for a crime or offense."], "punishing": ["PUN'ISHING, ppr. Afflicting with pain, penalty or suffering of any kind, as the retribution of a crime or offense."], "punishment": ["PUN'ISHMENT, n. Any pain or suffering inflicted on a person for a crime or offense, by the authority to which the offender is subject, either by the constitution of God or of civil society. The punishment of the faults and offenses of children by the parent, is by virtue of the right of government with which the parent is invested by God himself. This species of punishment is chastisement or correction. The punishment of crimes against the laws is inflicted by the supreme power of the state in virtue of the right of government, vested in the prince or legislature. The right of punishment belongs only to persons clothed with authority. Pain, loss or evil willfully inflicted on another for his crimes or offenses by a private unauthorized person, is revenge rather than punishment.", "Some punishments consist in exile or transportation, others in loss of liberty by imprisonment; some extend to confiscation by forfeiture of lands and goods, others induce a disability of holding offices, of being heirs and the like.", "Divine punishments are doubtless designed to secure obedience to divine laws, and uphold the moral order of created intelligent beings.", "The rewards and punishments of another life, which the almighty has established as the enforcements of his law, are of weight enough to determine the choice against whatever pleasure or pain this life can show."], "punition": ["PUNI'TION, n. L. punitio, from punio. Punishment. Little used."], "punitive": ["PU'NITIVE, a. Awarding or inflicting punishment; that punishes; as punitive law or justice."], "pur": ["PUR, v.i. To utter a low murmuring continued sound, as a cat.", "PUR, v.t. to signify by purring.", "PUR, n. The low murmuring continued sound of a cat."], "purring": ["PUR'RING, ppr. Murmuring as a cat."], "purchasable": ["PUR'CHASABLE, a. from purchase. That may be brought, purchased or obtained for a consideration."], "purchase": ["PUR'CHASE, v.t. This word seems to be considered by Blackstone as formed from the L. perquisitio. This is an error. The word is from the root of chase; purchaser is to pursue to the end or object, and hence to obtain. In Law Latin, purchase, the noun, was written purchacium. The legal use of the word in obtaining writs, shows best its true origin; to purchase a writ, is to sue out a writ, that is, to seek it out; for sue, seek, and L. sequor, are all of one origin, and synonymous with chase.", "1. In its primary and legal sense, to gain, obtain or acquire by any means, except by descent or hereditary right.", "2. In common usage, to buy; to obtain property by paying an equivalent in money. It differs from barter only in the circumstance, that in purchasing, the price or equivalent given or secured is money; in bartering,the equivalent is given in goods. We purchase lands or goods for ready money or on credit.", "3. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger or other sacrifice; as, to purchase favor with flattery.", "A world who would not purchase with a bruise?", "4. To expiate or recompense by a fine or forfeit; as, to purchase out abuses with tears and prayer.", "5. To sue out or procure, as a writ.", "PUR'CHASE, v.i. In seaman's language, to draw in ; as, the capstern purchases apace, that is, it draws in the cable apace, it gains it.", "PUR'CHASE, n.", "1. In law, the act of obtaining or acquiring the title to lands and tenements by money, deed, gift or any means, except by descent; the acquisition of lands and tenements by a man's own act or agreement.", "2. In law, the suing out and obtaining a writ.", "3. In common usage, the acquisition of the title or property of any thing by rendering an equivalent in money.", "It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.", "4. That which is purchased; any thing of which the property is obtained by giving an equivalent price in money.", "The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase.", "5. That which is obtained by labor, danger, art, &c.", "A beauty waning and distressed widow", "Made prize and purchase of his wanton eye--", "6. Formerly, robbery, and the thing stolen.", "7. Any mechanical power or force applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies."], "purchased": ["PUR'CHASED, pp. Obtained or acquired by one's own act or agreement.", "1. Obtained by paying an equivalent in money.", "2. Obtained by labor, danger, art, &c."], "purchaser": ["PUR'CHASER, n. In law, one who acquires or obtains by conquest or by deed or gift, or in any manner other than by descent or inheritance. In this sense, the word is by some authors written purchasor.", "1. One who obtains or acquires the property of any thing by paying an equivalent in money."], "purchasing": ["PUR'CHASING, ppr. Buying; obtaining by one's own act or for a price."], "pure": ["PURE, a. L. purus.", "1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; clear; free from mixture; as pure water; pure clay; pure sand; pure air; pure silver of gold. Pure wine is very scare.", "2. Free from moral defilement; without spot; not sullied or tarnished; incorrupt; undebased by moral turpitude; holy.", "Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil. Hab.1. Prov.20.", "3. Genuine; real; true; incorrupt; unadulterated; as pure religion. James 1.", "4. Unmixed; separate from any other subject or from every thing foreign; as pure mathematics.", "5. Free from guilt; guiltless; innocent.", "No hand of strife is pure, but that which wins.", "6. Not vitiated with improper or corrupt words or phrases; as a pure style of discourse or composition.", "7. Disinterested; as pure benevolence.", "8. Chaste; as a pure virgin.", "9. Free from vice or moral turpitude. Tit.1.", "10. Ceremonially clean; unpolluted. Ezra 6.", "11. Free from any thing improper; as, his motives are pure.", "12. Mere; absolute; that and that only; unconnected with any thing else; as a pure villain. He did that from pure compassion, or pure good nature.", "PURE, v.t. To purify; to cleanse. Not in use."], "purely": ["PU'RELY, adv. In a pure manner; with an entire separation of heterogeneous or foul matter. Is.1.", "1. Without any mixture of improper or vicious words or phrases.", "2. Innocently; without guilt.", "3. Merely; absolutely; without connection with any thing else; completely; totally. The meeting was purely accidental."], "pureness": ["PU'RENESS, n. Clearness; an unmixed state; separation or freedom from any heterogeneous or foreign matter; as the pureness of water or other liquor; the pureness of a metal; the pureness of marl or clay; the pureness of air.", "1. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt.", "May we evermore serve thee in holiness and pureness of living.", "2. Simplicity; freedom from mixture or composition.", "An essence eternal and spiritual, of absolute pureness and simplicity.", "3. Freedom from vicious or improper words, phrases or modes of speech; as pureness of style.", "Pure villenage, in the feudal law, is a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord; opposed to privileged villenage."], "purgative": ["PURG'ATIVE, a. Having the power of cleansing; usually,having the power of evacuating the bowels; cathartic.", "PURG'ATIVE, n. A medicine that evacuates the bowels; a cathartic."], "purge": ["PURGE, v.t. purj. L. purgo.", "1. To cleanse or purify by separating and carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous,foreign or superfluous; as, to purge the body by evacuation; to purge the Augean stable. It is followed by away, of, or off. We say, to purge away or to purge off filth, and to purge a liquor of its scum.", "2. To clear from guilt or moral defilement; as,to purge one of guilt or crime; to purge away sin.", "Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. Ps.79.", "Purge me with hyssop and I shall be clean. Ps.51.", "3. To clear from accusation or the charge of a crime, as in ordeal.", "4. To remove what is offensive; to sweep away impurities. Ezek.20.", "5. To clarify; to defecate; as liquors.", "PURGE, v.i. To become pure by clarification.", "1. To have frequent or preternatural evacuations by stool.", "PURGE, n. A medicine that evacuates the body by stool; a cathartic."], "purged": ["PURG'ED, pp. Purified; cleansed; evacuated."], "purging": ["PURG'ING, ppr. Cleansing; purifying; carrying off impurities or superfluous matter.", "PURG'ING, n. A diarrhea or dysentery; preternatural evacuation by stool; looseness of bowels."], "purification": ["PURIFICA'TION, n. L.purificatio. See Purify.", "1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and removing from any thing that which is heterogeneous or foreign to it; as the purification of liquors or of metals.", "2. In religion, the act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement. Purification by washing or by other means, was common to the Hebrews and to pagans. The Mohammedans use purification as a preparation for devotion. 2 Chron.30. Esth.2. Luke 2.", "3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of sinful desires, appetites and inclinations."], "purifier": ["PU'RIFIER, n. from purify. That which purifies or cleanses; a cleanser; a refiner. Fire was held by the ancients to be an excellent purifier."], "purify": ["PU'RIFY, v.t. L. purifico; purus, pure, and facio, to make.", "1. To make pure or clear; to free from extraneous admixture; as, to purify liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air.", "2. To free from pollution ceremonially; to remove whatever renders unclean and unfit for sacred services.", "Purify yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day purify all your raiment. Num.31.", "3. To free from guilt or the defilement of sin; as, to purify the heart.", "Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify to himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. Tit.2.", "4. To clear form improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a language.", "PU'RIFY, v.i. To grow or become pure or clear. Liquors will gradually purify."], "purifying": ["PU'RIFYING, pp. Removing foreign or heterogeneous matter; cleansing from pollution; fining; making clear.", "PU'RIFYING, n. The act or operation of making pure or of cleansing from extraneous matter or from pollution."], "purim": ["PU'RIM, n. Among the Jews,the feast of lots, instituted to commemorate their deliverance from the machinations of Haman. Esth.9."], "purity": ["PU'RITY, n. L. puritas, form purus.", "1. Freedom from foreign admixture or heterogeneous matter; as the purity of water, of wine, of spirit; the purity of drugs; the purity of metals.", "2. Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt; as the purity of a garment.", "The purity of a linen vesture.", "3. Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; as purity of heart or life.", "4. Chastity; freedom from contamination by illicit sexual connection.", "5. Freedom from any sinister or improper views; as the purity of motives or designs.", "6. Freedom from foreign idioms, from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as purity of style or language."], "purloin": ["PURLOIN', v.t.", "1. Literally, to take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take by theft.", "Your butler purloins your liquor.", "2. To take by plagiarism; to steal from books or manuscripts."], "purloined": ["PURLOIN'ED, pp. Stolen; taken by plagiarism."], "purloiner": ["PURLOIN'ER, n. A thief; a plagiary."], "purloining": ["PURLOIN'ING, ppr. Stealing; committing literary theft.", "PURLOIN'ING, n. Theft; plagiarism."], "purple": ["PUR'PLE, a. L. purpureus; purpura, a shell from which the color was obtained.", "1. Designating a color composed of red and blue blended, much admired, and formerly the roman emperors wore robes of this color.", "2. In poetry, red or livid; dyed with blood.", "I view a field of blood,", "And Tyber rolling with a purple flood.", "PUR'PLE, n. A purple color or dress; hence, imperial government in the Roman empire, as a purple robe was the distinguishing dress of the emperors.", "1. A cardinalate.", "PUR'PLE, v.t. L. purpuro. To make purple, or to dye of a red color; as hands purpled with blood.", "When morn", "Purples the east.", "Reclining soft in blissful bowers,", "Purpled sweet with springing flowers."], "purples": ["PUR'PLES,n. plu. Spots of a livid red on the body; livid eruptions which appear in certain malignant diseases; a purple fever."], "purpose": ["PUR'POSE, n. L. propositum, propono; pro, before,and pono, to set or place.", "1. That which a person sets before himself as an object to be reached or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is directed in any plan, measure or exertion. We believe the Supreme Being created intelligent beings for some benevolent and glorious purpose, and if so, how glorious and benevolent must be his purpose in the plan of redemption! The ambition of men is generally directed to one of two purposes, or to both; the acquisition of wealth or of power. We build houses for the purpose of shelter; we labor for the purpose of subsistence.", "2. Intention; design. This sense, however, is hardly to be distinguished from the former; as purpose always includes the end in view.", "Every purpose is established by counsel. Prov.20.", "Being predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will. Eph.1.", "3. End; effect; consequence, good or bad. What good purpose will this answer? We sometimes labor to no purpose. Men often employ their time, talents and money for very evil purposes.", "To what purpose is this waste? Matt.26.", "4. Instance; example. Not in use.", "5. Conversation. Not in use.", "Of purpose, on purpose, with previous design; with the mind directed to that object. On purpose is more generally used, but the true phrase is of purpose.", "PUR'POSE,v.t. To intend; to design; to resolve; to determine on some end or object to be accomplished.", "I have purposed it,I will also do it. Is.46. Eph.3.", "Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem. Acts. 19."], "purposed": ["PUR'POSED, pp. Intended; designed; applied to things.", "1. Resolved; having formed a design or resolution; applied to persons.", "I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress. Ps.17."], "purposely": ["PUR'POSELY, adv. By design; intentionally; with predetermination.", "In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and displeasing truths.", "So much they scorn the crown, I purposely declined all offensive and displeasing truths.", "So much they scorn the crown, that if the throng", "By chance go right, they purposely go wrong."], "purse": ["PURSE, n. purs. L. byrsa, an ox hide; Gr. id.", "1. A small bag in which money is contained or carried in the pocket. It was formerly made of leather, and is still made of this material by common people. It is usually of silk net-work.", "2. A sum of money offered as the prize of winning in a horse race.", "3. In turkey, a sum of money, about f50 sterling, or 22.", "4. The public coffers; the treasury; as, to exhaust a nation's purse, or the public purse.", "Long purse, or heavy purse, wealth; riches.", "Light purse, or empty purse, poverty, or want of resources.", "Sword and purse, the military power and wealth of a nation.", "PURSE, v.t. To put in a purse.", "1. To contract into folds or wrinkles.", "Thou didst contract and purse thy blow."], "pursed": ["PURS'ED, pp. Put in a purse.", "1. Contracted into folds or wrinkles."], "pursue": ["PURSUE, v.t. L. sequor; prosequor, or persequor. See Seek.", "1. To follow; to go or proceed after or in a like direction. The captain pursued the same course as former navigators have taken. A subsequent legislature pursued the course of their predecessors.", "2. To take and proceed in, without following another. Captain Cook pursued a new and unexplored course. New circumstances often compel us to pursue new expedients and untried course. What course shall we pursue?", "3. To follow with a view to overtake; to follow with haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare; to pursue an enemy.", "4. To seek; to use measures to obtain; as, to pursue a remedy at law.", "5. To prosecute; to continue. A stream proceeds from a lake and pursues a southerly course to the ocean.", "He that pursueth evil, pursueth it to his own death. Prov.11.", "6. To follow as an example; to imitate.", "The fame of ancient matrons you pursue.", "7. To endeavor to attain to; to strive to reach or gain.", "We happiness pursue; we fly from pain.", "8. To follow with enmity; to persecute.", "This verb is frequently followed by after. Gen.35.", "PURSUE, v.i. To go on; to proceed; to continue; a Gallicism.", "I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chimists should not consider--"], "pursued": ["PURSU'ED, pp. Followed; chased; prosecuted; continued."], "pursuing": ["PURSU'ING, ppr. Following; chasing; hastening after to overtake; prosecuting; proceeding in; continuing."], "pursuer": ["PURSU'ER, n. One that follows; one that chases; one that follows in haste with a view to overtake."], "purtenance": ["PUR'TENANCE, n. from the L.pertinens, pertineo. See Appurtenance. Appurtenance; but applied to the pluck of an animal, Ex.12."], "push": ["PUSH, v.t.", "1. To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; or to endeavor to drive by steady pressure, without striking; opposed to draw. We push a thing forward by force applied behind it; we draw by applying force before it. We may push without moving the object.", "2. To butt; to strike with the end of the horns; to thrust the points of horns against.", "If the ox shall push a man-servant or maid-servant--he shall be stones. Ex.21.", "3. To press or urge forward; as,to push an objection too far.", "He forewarns his care", "With rules to push his fortune or to bear.", "4. To urge; to drive.", "Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure honor to the actor.", "5. To enforce; to press; to drive to a conclusion.", "We are pushed for an answer.", "6. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.", "To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse.", "PUSH, v.i. To make a thrust; as, to push with the horns or with a sword.", "1. To make an effort.", "At length", "Both sides resolv'd to push, we tried our strength.", "2. To make an attack.", "The king of the south shall push at him. Dan.11.", "3. To burst out.", "To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten. Push on, brave men.", "PUSH, n. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a thing.", "1. Any pressure, impulse or force applied; as, to give the ball the first push.", "2. An assault or attack.", "3. A forcible onset; a vigorous effort.", "4. Exigence; trial; extremity.", "When it comes to the push, it is no more than talk.", "5. A sudden emergence.", "6. A little swelling or pustule; a wheal; a pimple; an eruption."], "pushed": ["PUSHED, pp. Pressed; urged; driven."], "pushing": ["PUSHING, ppr. Pressing; driving; urging forward.", "1. a. Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; vigorous."], "put": ["PUT, v.t. pret. and pp. put. Gr.a germ, shoot or twig. We find the same word in the L. puto, to prune, that is, to thrust off, also to think or consider, that is, to set in the mind, as we use suppose, L. supono. But we see the English sense more distinctly in the compounds, imputo, to impute, that is, to put to or on; computo, to compute, to put together. The L. posui, from pono, is probably a dialectical orthography of the same root.", "1. To set, lay or place; in a general sense. Thus we say, to put the hand to the face; to put a book on the shelf; to put a horse in the stable; to put fire to the fuel; to put clothes on the body. God planted a garden and there he put Adam.", "2. Put is applicable to state or condition, as well as to place. Put him in a condition to help himself. Put the fortress in a state of defense. The apostles were put in trust with the gospel. We are often put in jeopardy by our own ignorance or rashness. We do not always put the best men in office.", "3. To repose.", "How wilt thou--put thy trust on Egypt for chariots?", "2 Kings 18.", "4. To push into action.", "Thank him who puts me, loth, to this revenge.", "5. To apply; to set to employment.", "No man having put his hand to the plow,and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God. Luke 9.", "6. To throw or introduce suddenly. He had no time to put in a word.", "7. To consign to letters.", "He made a proclamation--and put it also in writing.", "2 Chron 36.", "8. To oblige; to require.", "We are put to prove things which can hardly be made plainer.", "9. To incite; to instigate; to urge by influence. The appearance of a formidable enemy put the king on making vigorous preparations for defense.", "This put me upon observing the thickness of the glass.", "These wretches put us upon all mischief, to feed their lusts and extravagances.", "10. To propose; as, to put a question to the witness; to put a case in point.", "11. To reach to another. Hab.2.", "12. To bring into a state of mind or temper.", "Solyman, to put the Rhodians out of all suspicion of invasion--", "13. To offer; to advance.", "I am ashamed to put a loose indigested play upon the public--", "14. To cause.", "The natural constitutions of men put a wide difference between them.", "To put about, to turn, to change the course; to gibe ship.", "To put by, to turn away; to divert.", "The design of the evil one is to put thee by from thy spiritual employment.", "A fright hath put by an ague fit.", "1. To thrust aside.", "Jonathan had died for being so,", "Had not just God put by th' unnatural blow.", "To put down, to baffle; to repress; to crush; as, to put down a party.", "1. To degrade; to deprive of authority, power or place.", "2. To bring into disuse.", "Sugar hath put down the use of honey.", "3. To confute; to silence.", "Mark now how a plain tale shall put you down.", "To put forth, to propose; to offer to notice.", "Sampson said, I will now put forth a riddle to you. Judges 14.", "1. To extend; to reach; as, to put forth the hand.", "2. To shoot out; to send out, as a sprout; as, to put forth leaves.", "3. To exert; to bring into action; as, to put forth strength.", "4. To publish, as a book.", "To put in, to introduce among others; as, to put in a word while others are discoursing.", "1. To insert; as, to put in a passage or clause; to put in a cion.", "2. To conduct into a harbor.", "To put in fear, to affright; to make fearful.", "To put in mind, to remind; to call to remembrance.", "To put in practice, to use; to exercise; as, to put in practice the maxims of the wise man.", "To put into another's hands, to trust; to commit to the care of.", "To put off, to divest; to lay aside; as, to put off a robe; to put off mortality or the mortal body; to put off haughty airs.", "1. To turn aside from a purpose or demand; to defeat or delay by artifice.", "I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistices hopes to put me off with a harangue.", "This is n unreasonable demand, and we might put him off with this answer.", "2. To delay; to defer; to postpone. How generally do men put off the care of their salvation to future opportunities!", "3. To pass fallaciously; to cause to be circulated or received; as, to put off upon the world some plausible reports or ingenious theory.", "4. To discard.", "The clothiers all put off", "The spinsters, carders, fullers, weavers--", "5. To recommend; to vend; to obtrude.", "6. To vend; to sell.", "7. To pass into other hands; as, to put off a counterfeit coin or note.", "8. To push from land; as, to put off the boat.", "To put on or upon, to impute; to charge; as, to put one's own crime or blame on another.", "1. To invest with, as clothes or covering; as, to put on a cloke.", "2. To assume; as, to put on a grave countenance; to put on a counterfeit appearance.", "Mercury--put on the shape of a man.", "3. To forward; to promote.", "This came handsomely to put on the peace.", "4. To impose; to inflict.", "That which thou puttest on me, I will bear. 2 Kings 18.", "To be put upon, to be imposed on; to be deceived; used chiefly in the passive form.put over, to refer; to send.", "For the certain knowledge of that truth,", "I put you o'er to heaven and to my mother.", "1. To defer; to postpone. The court put over the cause to the next term.", "To put out, to place at interest; to lend at use. Money put out at compound interest, nearly doubles in eleven years.", "1. To extinguish; as, to put out a candle, lamp or fire; to put out the remains of affection.", "2. To send; to emit; to shoot; as a bud or sprout; as, to put out leaves.", "3. To extend; to reach out; to protrude; as, to put out the hand.", "4. To drive out; to expel; to dismiss.", "When I am put out of the stewardship. Luke 16.", "5. To publish; to make public; as, to put out a pamphlet. Not vulgar.", "6. To confuse; to disconcert; to interrupt; as, to put one out in reading or speaking.", "To put out the eyes, to destroy the power of sight; to render blind.", "To put to, to add; to unite; as, to put one sum to another.", "1. To refer to; to expose; as, to put the fate of the army or nation to a battle; to put the safety of the state to hazard.", "2. To punish by; to distress by; as, to put a man to the rack or torture.", "To put to it, to distress; to press hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to.", "O gentle lady, do not put me to 't.", "To be put to it, in the passive form, to have difficulty.", "I shall be hard put to it to bring myself off.", "To put the hand to, to apply; to take hold; to begin; to undertake; as, to put the hand to the plow. See Deut.12.7.", "1. To take by theft or wrong; to embezzle.", "Then shall an oath of the Lord be between them both, that he hath not put his hand to his neighbor's goods. Ex.22.", "To put to the sword, to kill; to slay.", "To put to death, to kill.", "To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties.", "To put to trial, or on trial, to bring before a court and jury for examination and decision.", "1. To bring to a test; to try.", "To put together, to unite in a sum, mass or compound; to add; as, to put two sums together; put together the ingredients.", "1. To unite; to connect. Put the two chains together.", "2. To place in company or in one society.", "To put trust in, to confide in; to repose confidence in.", "To put up, to pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; as, to put up injuries; to put up indignities.", "Such national injuries are not to be put up, but when the offender is below resentment.", "I have never heard this phrase used in America. We always say, to put up with; we cannot put up with such injuries.", "1. To send forth or shoot up, as plants; as, to put up mushrooms.", "2. To expose; to offer publicly; as, to put up goods to sale or auction.", "3. To start from a cover.", "4. To hoard.", "Himself never put up any of the rent.", "5. To reposit for preservation; as, to put up apples for winter.", "6. To pack; to reposit in casks with salt for preservation; as, to put up pork, beef or fish.", "7. To hide or lay aside. Put up that letter.", "8. To put in a trunk or box; to pack; as, to put up clothing for a journey.", "PUT, v.i. To go or move; as, when the air first puts up.", "1. To steer.", "His fury thus appeas'd, he puts to land.", "2. To shoot; to germinate.", "The sap puts downward.", "To put forth, to shoot; to bud; to germinate.", "Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth.", "1. To leave a port or haven.", "To put in, to enter a harbor; to sail into port.", "1. To offer a claim. A puts in for a share of profits.", "To put in for, to offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for.", "To put off, to leave land.", "To put on, to urge motion; to drive vehemently.", "To put over, to sail over or across.", "To put to sea, to set sail; to begin a voyage; to advance into the ocean.", "To put up, to take lodgings; to lodge. We put up at the Golden Ball.", "1. To offer one's self as a candidate.", "To put up to, to advance to. Little used.", "To put up with, to overlook or suffer without recompense, punishment or resentment; as, to put up with an injury or affront.", "1. To take without opposition or dissatisfaction; as, to put up with bad fare.", "This verb, in all its uses, retains its primary sense, to set, throw, thrust, send, &c.; but its signification is modified in a great variety of ways, by other words standing in connection with it.", "PUT, n. An action of distress; as a forced put.", "1. A game at cards.", "PUT, n. A rustic; a clown.", "PUT, n. A strumpet; a prostitute.", "Put case, for put the case, suppose the case to be so; a vulgar or at least inelegant phrase."], "putative": ["PU'TATIVE, a. L. puto, to suppose. Supposed; reputed; commonly thought or deemed; as the putative father of a child."], "putting": ["PUT'TING, ppr. from put. Setting; placing; laying."], "quail": ["QUAIL, v.i. Quail, in English, signifies to sink or languish, to curdle, and to crush or quell.", "1. To sink into dejection; to languish; to fail in spirits. Little used.", "2. To fade; to wither. Obs.", "QUAIL, v.i.", "To curdle; to coagulate; as milk.", "QUAIL, v.t. To crush; to depress; to sink; to subdue. This orthography is obsolete. The word is now written quell.", "QUAIL, n.", "A bird of the genus Tetrao or grouse kind, or according to Latham's arrangement, of the genus Perdix, in which he comprehends the partridge and quail. In New England, the name is applied to a peculiar species of the perdix, which is called partridge in the middle states, but it is neither the partridge nor quail of Europe."], "quailing": ["QUA'ILING, ppr. Failing; languishing. Obs.", "QUA'ILING, n. The act of failing in spirit or resolution; decay. Obs."], "quake": ["QUAKE, v.i.", "1. To shake; to tremble; to be agitated with quick but short motions continually repeated; to shudder. Thus we say, a person quakes with fear or terror, or with cold. Heb. 12.", "2. To shake with violent convulsions, as well as with trembling; as, the earth quakes; the mountains quake. Neh. 1.", "3. To shake, tremble or move, as the earth under the feet; as the quaking mud.", "QUAKE, v.t. To frighten; to throw into agitation. Not used.", "QUAKE, n. A shake; a trembling; a shudder; a tremulous agitation."], "quaking": ["QUA'KING, ppr. Shaking; trembling.", "QUA'KING, n. A shaking; tremulous agitation; trepidation.", "Dan. 10."], "quantity": ["QUAN'TITY, n. L. quantitas, from quantus, how much, or as much as.", "1. That property of any thing which may be increased or diminished.", "This definition is defective, and as applicable to many other properties as to quantity. A definition strictly philosophical cannot be given. In common usage, quantity is a mass or collection of matter of indeterminate dimensions, but consisting of particles which cannot be distinguished, or which are not customarily distinguished, or which are considered in the aggregate. Thus we say, a quantity of earth, a quantity of water, a quantity of air, of light, of heat, of iron, of wood, of timber, of corn, of paper. But we do not say, a quantity of men, or of horses, or of houses; for as these are considered as separate individuals or beings, we call an assemblage of them, a number of multitude.", "2. An indefinite extent of space.", "3. A portion or part.", "If I were sawed into quantities. Not in use.", "4. a large portion; as a medicine taken in quantities, that is, in large quantities.", "5. In mathematics, any thing which can be multiplied, divided or measured.", "Thus mathematics is called the science of quantity. In algebra, quantities are known and unknown. Known quantities are usually represented by the first letters of the alphabet, as a, b, c, and unknown quantities are expressed by the last letters, x, y, z, &c. Letters thus used to represent quantities are themselves called quantities. A simple quantity is expressed by one term, as + a, or - abc; a compound is expressed by more terms than one, connected by the signs, + plus, or -minus, as a + b, or a - b + c. quantities which have the sign + prefixed, are called positive or affirmative; those which have the sign - prefixed are called negative.", "6. In grammar, the measure of a sullable; that which determines the time in which it is pronounced.", "7. In logic, a category, universal, or predicament; a general conception.", "8. In music, the relative duration of a note or syllable.", "Quantity of matter, in a body, is the measure arising from the joint consideration of its magnitude and density.", "Quantity of motion, in a body, is the measure arising from the joint consideration of its quantity of matter and its velocity."], "quarrel": ["QUAR'REL, n. L. queror, to complain, that is, to cry out with a loud voice. Hence we see the primary sense is the same as brawl. The L. queror coincides in elements with to call, to bawl, to shout, and gearan, a complaint. Heb.", "1. A brawl; a petty fight or scuffle; from its noise and uproar.", "2. A dispute; a contest.", "On open seas their quarrels they debate.", "3. A breach of friendship or concord; open variance between parties.", "4. Cause of dispute.", "The king's quarrel is honorable.", "5. Something that gives a right to mischief, reprisal or action.", "He thought he had a good quarrel to attack him. Not used.", "6. Objection; ill will, or reason to complain; ground of objection or dispute.", "Herodias had a quarrel against him. Mark 6.", "7. Something peevish, malicious, or disposed to make trouble. Not used.", "QUAR'REL, n.", "1. An arrow with a square head. Not used unless in poetry.", "2. A pane of glass; a square. See Quarry and Square.", "QUAR'REL, v.i.", "1. To dispute violently or with loud and angry words; to wrangle; to scold. How odious to see husband and wife quarrel!", "2. To fight; to scuffle; to contend; to squabble; used of two persons or of a small number. It is never used of armies and navies in combat. Children and servants often quarrel about trifles. Tavern-haunters sometimes quarrel over their cups.", "3. To fall into variance.", "Our people quarrel with obedience.", "4. To find fault; to cavil.", "I will not quarrel with a slight mistake.", "Men at enmity with their God, quarreling with his attributes - quarreling with the being that made them, and who is constantly doing them good.", "5. To disagree; to be at variance; not to be in accordance in form or essence.", "Some things arise of strange and quarr'ling kind, the forepart lion, and a snake behind.", "QUAR'REL, v.t.", "1. To quarrel with.", "2. To compel by a quarrel; as, to quarrel a man out of his estate or rights."], "quarreler": ["QUAR'RELER, n. One who quarrels, wrangles or fights."], "quarreling": ["QUAR'RELING, ppr. Disputing with vehemence or loud angry words; scolding; wrangling; fighting; finding fault; disagreeing.", "QUAR'RELING, n. supra. Contention; dispute in angry words; breach of concord; a caviling or finding fault; disagreement."], "quarrelous": ["QUAR'RELOUS, a. Apt or disposed to quarrel; petulant; easily provoked to enmity or contention. Little used."], "quarried": ["QUAR'RIED, pp. Dug from a pit or cavern."], "quarry": ["QUAR'RY, n.", "1. A square; as a quarry of glass. Not in use.", "2. An arrow with a square head. See Quarrel. Not in use.", "3. In falconry, the game which a hawk is pursuing or has killed. Perhaps from L. quaero.", "4. Among hunters, a part of the entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds.", "QUAR'RY, n. I know not whether the original sense of this word was a pit or mine, from digging, or whether the sense was a place for squaring stone. L. curro. If the sense was a pit, it may be referred to the Heb.", "1. A place, cavern or pit where stones are dug from the earth, or separated from a large mass of rocks. We generally apply the word mine to the pit from which are taken metals and coal; from quarries are taken stones for building, as marble, freestone, slate, &c.", "2. In Paris, the quarries are a vast cavern under the city, several miles in extent.", "QUAR'RY, v.i. To prey upon, as a vulture or harpy. A low word and not much used.", "QUAR'RY, v.t. To dig or take from a quarry; as, to quarry marble."], "quarrying": ["QUAR'RYING, ppr. Digging stones from a quarry."], "quarter": ["QUARTER, n. quort'er. L. quartus, the fourth part.", "1. The fourth part; as the quarter of an hour or of a mile; one quarter of the expense. Living is a quarter dearer in the city than in the country.", "2. In weight, the fourth part of a hundred pounds avoirdupois, or of 112lb., that is, 28lb.; as a quarter of sugar.", "3. In dry measure, the fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels; as a quarter of wheat.", "4. In astronomy, the fourth part of the moon's period or monthly revolution; as the first quarter after the change or full.", "5. A region in the hemisphere or great circle; primarily, one of the four cardinal points; as the four quarters of the globe; but used indifferently for any region or point of compass. From what quarter does the wind blow? Hence,", "6. A particular region of a town, city or country; as all quarters of the city; in every quarter of the country or of the continent. Hence.", "7. Usually in the plural, quarters, the place of lodging or temporary residence; appropriately, the place where officers and soldiers lodge, but applied to the lodgings of any temporary resident. He called on the general at his quarters; the place furnished good winter quarters for the troops. I saw the stranger at his quarters.", "8. Proper station.", "Swift to their several quarters hasten then -", "Bacon uses the word in the singular. 'Make love keep quarter.\"", "9. On board of ships, quarters signifies the stations or places where the officers and men are posted in action. Pipe all hands to quarters.", "10. In military affairs, the remission or sparing of the life of a captive or an enemy when in one's power; mercy granted by a conqueror to his enemy, when no longer able to defend himself. In desperate encounters, men will sometimes neither ask nor give quarter. The barbarous practice of giving no quarter to soldiers in a fortress taken by assault, is nearly obsolete.", "He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer them quarter for their lives, if they would give up the castle.", "Lambs at the mercy of wolves much expect no quarter.", "11. Treatment shown to an enemy; indulgence.", "To the young, if you give tolerable quarter, you indulge them in idleness and ruin them. Rarely used.", "12. Friendship; amity; concord. Not in use.", "13. In the slaughter house, one limb of a quadruped with the adjoining parts; or one fourth part of the carcase of a quadruped, including a limb; as a fore quarter, or hind quarter.", "14. In the menage, the quarters of a horse's foot are the sides of the coffin, between the toe and the heel. False quarters are a cleft in the horn of the hoof, extending from the coronet to the shoe, or from top to bottom. When for any disorder, one of the quarters is cut, the horse is said to be quarter-cast.", "15. In a siege, quarters are the encampment on one of the principal passages round the place besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys.", "16. In seminaries of learning, a fourth part of the year, or three months. Tuition and board at twenty five dollars the quarter. This is a moderate quarter bill.", "17. The quarter of a ship, is the part of a ship's side which lies towards the stern, or the part between the aftmost end of the main-chains and the sides of the stern, where it is terminated by the quarter-pieces.", "18. In heraldry, one of the parts or members of the first division of a coat that is divided into four parts.", "On the quarter, in seamen's language, is a point in the horizon considerably abaft the beam, but not in the direction of the stern.", "Quarter-bill, among seamen, is a list containing the different stations where the officers and crew are to take post in time of action, and the names of the men assigned to each.", "Quarter-cloths, long pieces of painted canvas, extended on the outside of the quarter-netting from the upper part of the gallery to the gangway.", "Quarter-deck, that part of the deck of a ship which extends from the stern to the mainmast. But in some kinds of vessels, the quarter-deck does not extend to the mainmast, but is raised above the main deck.", "Quarter-gallery, a sort of balcony on the quarters of a ship.", "Quarter-railing, narrow molded planks, reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence to the quarter-deck.", "Quarter-master, in an army, an officer whose business is to attend to the quarters for the soldiers, their provisions, fuel, forage, &c.; in the navy, an officer who assists the mates in their duties, in stowing the hold, coiling the cables, attending the steerage, and keeping time by the watch glasses.", "Quarter-master-general, in military affairs, is an officer whose duty is to mark the marches and encampments of an army, the head-quarters, the place for the artillery, and procure supplies of provisions and forage, &c.", "1. Quarter-staff, a long staff borne by foresters and park-keepers, as a badge of office and a weapon.", "2. A staff of defense.", "Quarter-sessions, in England, a general court held quarterly by the justices of peace of each county, with jurisdiction to try and determine felonies and trespasses; but capital offenses are seldom or never tried in this court.", "Quarter-round, in architecture, the echinus or ovolo.", "Head-quarters, the tent or mansion of the commander in chief of an army."], "quartered": ["QUART'ERED, pp. Divided into four equal parts or quarters; separated into distinct parts; lodged; stationed for lodging."], "quartering": ["QUART'ERING, ppr. Dividing into quarters or into distinct parts; stationing for lodgings.", "QUART'ERING, n.", "1. A station.", "2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers.", "3. The division of a shield containing many coats."], "quaternion": ["QUATERN'ION, n. L. quaternio, from quatuor, four.", "1. The number four.", "2. A file of four soldiers. Acts 12.", "QUATERN'ION, v.t. To divide into files or companies."], "queen": ["QUEEN, n.", "1. The consort of a king; a queen consort.", "2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a queen-regent; as Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scotland.", "3. The sovereign of a swarm of bees, or the female of the hive.", "A hive of bees cannot subsist without a queen.", "Queen of the meadows, meadow sweet, a plant of the genus Spiraea.", "QUEEN, v.i. To play the queen; to act the part or character of a queen."], "queening": ["QUEE'NING, n. An apple."], "quench": ["QUENCH, v.t.", "1. To extinguish; to put out; as, to quench flame.", "2. To still; to quiet; to repress; as, to quench a passion or emotion.", "3. To allay or extinguish; as, to quench thirst.", "4. To destroy.", "5. To check; to stifle; as, to quench the Spirit.", "1Thess. 5.", "QUENCH, v.i. To cool; to become cool.", "Dost thou think, in time she will not quench? Not in use."], "quenched": ["QUENCH'ED, pp. Extinguished; allayed; repressed."], "quenching": ["QUENCH'ING, ppr. Extinguishing; quieting; stifling; repressing."], "question": ["QUESTION, n. ques'chun. L. quaestio. See Quest.", "1. The act of asking; an interrogatory; as, to examine by question and answer.", "2. That which is asked; something proposed which is to be solved by answer. What is the question?", "3. Inquiry; disquisition; discussion.", "It is to be put to question, whether it is lawful for christian princes to make an invasive war, simply for the propagation of the faith.", "4. Dispute or subject of debate.", "There arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews, about purifying. John 3.", "5. Doubt; controversy; dispute. The story is true beyond all question.", "This does not bring their truth in question.", "6. Trial; examination; judicial trial or inquiry.", "Of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question. Acts 23. Acts 24.", "7. Examination by torture.", "8. Endeavor; effort; act of seeking. Not in use.", "9. In logic, a proposition stated by way of interrogation.", "In question, in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, the matter or point in question."], "questionable": ["QUES'TIONABLE, a.", "1. That may be questioned; doubtful; uncertain; disputable. the deed is of questionable authority.", "It is questionable whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human body.", "2. Suspicious; liable to be doubted or disputed; liable to suspicion. His veracity is questionable.", "Thou com'st in such a questionable shape, that I will speak to thee."], "questionableness": ["QUES'TIONABLENESS, n. The quality or state of being doubtful, questionable or suspicious."], "questioned": ["QUES'TIONED, pp.", "1. Interrogated; examined by questions.", "2. Doubted; disputed."], "questioner": ["QUES'TIONER, n. One that asks questions; an inquirer."], "questioning": ["QUES'TIONING, ppr. Interrogating; calling in question; doubting."], "quick": ["QUICK, v.i.", "To stir; to move. Not in use.", "QUICK, a. If q is a dialectical prefix, as I suppose, this word coincides with the L. vigeo, vegeo, and vig, veg, radical, coincide with wag.", "1. Primarily, alive; living; opposed to dead or unanimated; as quick flesh. Lev. 13.", "The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead. 2Tim. 4.", "In this sense, the word is obsolete, except in some compounds or in particular phrases.", "2. Swift; hasty; done with celerity; as quick dispatch.", "3. Speedy; done or occurring in a short time; as a quick return of profits.", "Oft he to her his charge of quick return repeated.", "4. Active; brisk; nimble; prompt ready. He is remarkably quick in his motions. He is a man of quick parts.", "5. Moving with rapidity or celerity; as quick time in music.", "Quick with child, pregnant with a living child.", "QUICK, adv.", "1. Nimbly; with celerity; rapidly; with haste; speedily; without delay; as, run quick; be quick.", "If we consider how very quick the actions of the mind are performed.", "2. Soon; in a short time; without delay. Go, and return quick.", "QUICK, n.", "1. A living animal. Obs.", "2. The living flesh; sensible parts; as penetrating to the quick; stung to the quick; cut to the quick.", "3. Living shrubs or trees; as a ditch or bank set with quick.", "QUICK, v.t. To revive; to make alive. Obs.", "QUICK, v.i. To become alive. Obs."], "quickness": ["QUICK'NESS, n.", "1. Speed; velocity; celerity; rapidity; as the quickness of motion.", "2. Activity; briskness; promptness, as the quickness of the imagination or wit.", "3. Acuteness of perception; keep sensibility; as quickness of sensation.", "4. Sharpness; pungency."], "quicken": ["QUICKEN, v.t. quik'n.", "1. Primarily, to make alive; to vivify; to revive or resuscitate, as from death or an inanimate state. Rom. 4.", "Hence flocks and herds, and men and beasts and fowls, with breath are quicken'd and attract their souls.", "2. To make alive in a spiritual sense; to communicate a principle of grace to.", "You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. 2.", "3. To hasten; to accelerate; as, to quicken motion, speed or flight.", "4. To sharpen; to give keener perception to; to stimulate; to incite; as, to quicken the appetite or taste; to quicken desires.", "5. To revive; to cheer; to reinvigorate; to refresh by new supplies of comfort or grace. Ps. 119.", "QUICKEN, v.i. quik'n.", "1. To become alive.", "The heart is the first part that quickens, and the last that dies.", "2. To move with rapidity or activity.", "And keener lightning quickens in her eye."], "quickened": ["QUICK'ENED, pp.", "1. Made alive; revived; vivified; reinvigorated.", "2. Accelerated; hastened.", "3. Stimulated; incited."], "quickener": ["QUICK'ENER, n.", "1. One who revives, vivifies, or communicates life.", "2. That which reinvigorates.", "3. That which accelerates motion or increases activity."], "quickening": ["QUICK'ENING, ppr. Giving life; accelerating; inciting."], "quickly": ["QUICK'LY, adv.", "1. Speedily; with haste or celerity.", "2. Soon; without delay."], "quicksand": ["QUICK'SAND, n.", "1. Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure, loose sand abounding with water.", "2. Unsolid ground."], "quiet": ["QUI'ET, a. L. quietus.", "1. Still; being in a state of rest; now moving. Judges 16.", "2. Still; free from alarm or disturbance; unmolested; as a quiet life.", "In his days the land was quiet ten years. 2Chron. 14.", "3. Peaceable; not turbulent; not giving offense; not exciting controversy, disorder or trouble; mild; meek; contented.", "The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1Peter 3.", "1Thess. 4.", "4. Calm; not agitated by wind; as a quiet sea or atmosphere.", "5. Smooth; unruffled.", "6. Undisturbed; unmolested; as the quiet possession or enjoyment of an estate.", "7. Not crying; not restless; as a quiet child.", "QUI'ET, n. L. quies.", "1. Rest; repose; stillness; the state of a thing not in motion.", "2. Tranquility; freedom from disturbance or alarm; civil or political repose. Our country enjoys quiet.", "3. Peace; security. Judges 18.", "QUI'ET, v.t.", "1. To stop motion; to still; to reduce to a state of rest; as, to quiet corporeal motion.", "2. To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to tranquilize; as, to quiet the soul when agitated; to quiet the passions; to quiet the clamors of a nation; to quiet the disorders of a city or town.", "3. To allay; to suppress; as, to quiet pain or grief."], "quieted": ["QUI'ETED, pp. Made still; calmed; pacified."], "quieting": ["QUI'ETING, ppr. Reducing to rest or stillness; appeasing; tranquilizing."], "quietness": ["QUI'ETNESS, n.", "1. A state of rest; stillness.", "2. Calm; tranquility; as the quietness of the ocean or atmosphere.", "3. Freedom from agitation or emotion; calmness; coolness; as the quietness of the mind.", "4. Freedom from disturbance, disorder or commotion; peace; tranquility; as the quietness of a city or state."], "quietly": ["QUI'ETLY, adv.", "1. In a quiet state; without motion; in a state of rest; as, to lie or sit quietly.", "2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute or disturbance; peaceably; as, to live quietly.", "3. Calmly; without agitation or violent emotion; patiently. submit quietly to unavoidable evils."], "quit": ["QUIT, v.t. pret. and pp. quit or quitted. L. cedo. The sense of quit is to leave, to withdraw from; but the primary sense of the root must have been to move or to send; for to requite is to send back.", "1. To leave; to depart from, either temporarily or forever. It does not necessarily include the idea of abandoning, without a qualifying word. A man quits his house for an hour, or for a month. He quits his native country on a voyage or he quits it forever; he quits an employment with the intention of resuming it.", "2. To free; to clear; to liberate; to discharge from.", "To quit you of this fear, you have already looked death in the face. Nearly obsolete.", "3. To carry through; to do or perform something to the end, so that nothing remains; to discharge or perform completely.", "Never a worthy prince a day did quit with greater hazard and with more renown.", "4. To quit one's self, reciprocally, to clear one's self of incumbent duties by full performance.", "Samson hath quit himself like Samson.", "In this sense, acquit is generally used.", "5. To repay; to requite.", "- Enkindle all the sparks of nature to quit this horrid act.", "In this sense, quit is now rarely used. We use requite.", "6. To vacate obligation; to release; to free from", "Dangers of law, actions, decrees, judgments against us quitted.", "7. To pay; to discharge; hence, to free from; as, to quit the debt of gratitude.", "8. To set free; to release; to absolve; to acquit.", "Guiltless I quit, guilty I set them free. In this sense, acquit is now used.", "9. To leave; to give up; to resign; to relinquish; as, to quit an office.", "10. To pay.", "Before that judge that quits each soul his hire. Not used.", "11. To forsake; to abandon.", "Such a superficial way of examining is to quit truth for appearance.", "To quit cost, to pay; to free from by an equivalent; to reimburse; as, the cultivation of barren land will not always quit cost.", "To quit scores, to make even; to clear mutually from demands by mutual equivalents given. We will quit scores marks of charges before we part.", "Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements in her noble fruits?", "QUIT, a. Free; clear; discharged from; absolved.", "The owner of the ox shall be quit. Ex. 21. This word, though primarily a participle, and never placed before its noun, has properly the sense of an adjective.", "Qui tam, L. A qui tam action, in law, is a popular action, in which a man prosecutes an offender for the king or state, as well as for himself."], "quite": ["QUITE, adv. from quit; that is, primarily, free or clear by complete performance.", "Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly. The work is not quite done; the object is quite accomplished.", "He hath sold us and quite devoured also our money. Gen. 31.", "The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from quite contrary principles."], "quits": ["QUITS, adv. from quit. An exclamation used when mutual demands are adjusted and the parties are even, each quit of the other."], "quitted": ["QUIT'TED, pp. Left; relinquished; acquitted."], "quiver": ["QUIV'ER, n.", "A case or sheath for arrows.", "Take the quiver and thy bow. Gen. 27.", "QUIV'ER, a. Nimble; active. Not in use.", "QUIV'ER, v.i.", "1. To shake or tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver. This word expresses that tremulous motion of the body which proceeds from loss of heat or vigor. Thus persons quiver with fear or with cold.", "He quiver'd with his feet and lay for dead.", "And left the limbs still quiv'ring on the ground.", "2. To play or be agitated with a tremulous motion.", "The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind.", "The lakes that quiver to the curling breeze."], "quivered": ["QUIV'ERED, a. from the noun quiver.", "1. Furnished with a quiver; as the quivered nymph.", "2. Sheathed as in a quiver.", "- Whose quills stand quivered at his ear."], "quivering": ["QUIV'ERING, ppr. Trembling, as with cold or fear; moving with a tremulous agitation.", "QUIV'ERING, n. The act of shaking or trembling; agitation; as, to be seized with a quivering."], "raca": ["R'ACA, n. A Syriac word signifying empty, beggarly, foolish; a term of extreme contempt. Matt. 5."], "race": ["RACE, n. L. radix and radius having the same original. This word coincides in origin with rod, ray, radiate, &c.", "1. The lineage of a family, or continued series of descendants from a parent who is called the stock. A race is the series of descendants indefinitely. Thus all mankind are called the race of Adam; the Israelites are of the race of Abraham and Jacob. Thus we speak of a race of kings, the race of Clovis or Charlemagne; a race of nobles, &c.", "Hence the long race of Alban fathers come.", "2. A generation; a family of descendants. A race of youthful and unhandled colts.", "3. A particular breed; as a race of mules; a race of horses; a race of sheep.", "Of such a race no matter who is king.", "4. A root; as race-ginger, ginger in the root or not pulverized.", "5. A particular strength or taste of wine; a kind of tartness.", "RACE, n. L. gradior, gressus, with the prefix g. Eng. ride.", "1. A running; a rapid course or motion, either on the feet, on horseback or in a carriage, &c.; particularly, a contest in running; a running in competition for a prize.", "The race was one of the exercises of the Grecian games.", "I wield the gauntlet and I run the race.", "2. Any sunning with speed.", "The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beast.", "3. A progress; a course; a movement or progression of any kind.", "My race of glory run.", "Let us run with patience the race that is set before us.", "Heb. 12.", "4. Course; train; process; as the prosecution and race of the war. Not now used.", "5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; as a mill-race.", "6. By way of distinction, a contest in the running of horses; generally in the plural. The races commence in October.", "RACE, v.i. To run swiftly; to run or contend in running. The animals raced over the ground."], "rafter": ["R'AFTER, n. Gr. to cover; a roof.", "A roof timber; a piece of timber that extends from the plate of a building to the ridge and serves to support the covering of the roof."], "raftered": ["R'AFTERED, a. Built or furnished with rafters."], "rag": ["RAG, n. Gr. a torn garment; tear; a rupture, a rock, a crag; to tear asunder.", "1. Any piece of cloth torn from the rest; a tattered cloth, torn or worn till its texture is destroyed. Linen and cotton rags are the chief materials of paper.", "2. Garments worn out; proverbially, mean dress.", "Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags. Prov. 23.", "And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.", "3. A fragment of dress."], "ragged": ["RAG'GED, a. from rag.", "1. Rent or worn into tatters, or till its texture is broken; as a ragged coat; a ragged sail.", "2. Broken with rough edges; uneven; as a ragged rock.", "3. Having the appearance of being broken or torn; jagged; rough with sharp or irregular points.", "The moon appears, when looked upon through a good glass, rude and ragged.", "4. Wearing tattered clothes; as a ragged fellow.", "5. Rough; rugged.", "What shepherd owns those ragged sheep?"], "rage": ["RAGE, n. Heb. to grind or gnash the teeth.", "1. Violent anger accompanied with furious words, gestures or agitation; anger excited to fury. Passion sometimes rises to rage.", "Torment and loud lament and furious rage.", "2. Vehemence or violent exacerbation of any thing painful; as the rage of pain; the rage of a fever; the rage of hunger or thirst.", "3. Fury; extreme violence; as the rage of a tempest.", "4. Enthusiasm; rapture.", "Who brought green poesy to her perfect age, and made that art which was a rage.", "5. Extreme eagerness or passion directed to some object; as the rage for money.", "You purchase pain with all that joy can give, and die of nothing but a rage to live.", "RAGE, v.i.", "1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently agitated with passion.", "At this he inly rag'd.", "2. To be violent and tumultuous.", "Why do the heathen rage? Ps. 2.", "3. To be violently driven or agitated; as the raging sea or winds.", "4. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with fatal effect; as, the plague rages in Cairo.", "5. To be driven with impetuosity; to act or move furiously.", "The chariots shall rage in the streets. Nah. 2.", "The madding wheels of brazen chariots rag'd.", "6. To toy wantonly; to sport. Not in use."], "rageful": ["RA'GEFUL, a. Full of rage; violent; furious."], "raging": ["RA'GING, ppr. from rage.", "1. Acting with violence or fury.", "2. a. Furious; impetuous; vehemently driven or agitated; as the raging sea or tempest.", "RA'GING, n. Fury; violence; impetuosity. Jonah 1."], "ragingly": ["RA'GINGLY, adv. With fury; with violent impetuosity."], "rail": ["RAIL, n.", "1. A cross beam fixed at the ends in two upright posts.", "In New England, this is never called a beam; pieces of timber of the proper size for rails are called scantling.", "2. In the United States, a piece of timber cleft, hewed or sawed, rough or smooth, inserted in upright posts for fencing. The common rails among farmers, are rough, being used as they are split from the chestnut or other trees. The rails used in fences of boards or pickets round gentlemen's houses and gardens, are usually sawed scantling and often dressed with the plane.", "3. A bar of wood or iron used for inclosing any place; the piece into which ballusters are inserted.", "4. A series of posts connected with cross beams, by which a place is inclosed.", "In New England we never call this series a rail, but by the general term railing. In a picket fence, the pales or pickets rise above the rails; in a ballustrade, or fence resembling it, the ballusters usually terminate in the rails.", "5. In a ship, a narrow plank nailed for ornament or security on a ship's upper works; also, a curved piece of timber extending from the bows of a ship to the continuation of its stern, to support the knee of the head, &c.", "RAIL, n. A bird of the genus Rallus, consisting of many species. The water rail has a long slender body with short concave wings. The birds of the genus inhabit the slimy margins of rivers and ponds covered with marsh plants.", "RAIL, n.", "A woman's upper garment; retained in the word nightrail, but not used in the United States.", "RAIL, v.t.", "1. To inclose with rails.", "2. To range in a line.", "RAIL, v.i. Eng. to brawl.", "To utter reproaches; to scoff; to use insolent and reproachful language; to reproach or censure in opprobrious terms; followed by at or against, formerly by on.", "And rail at arts he did not understand.", "Lesbia forever on e rails."], "railing": ["RA'ILING, ppr.", "1. Clamoring with insulting language; uttering reproachful words.", "2. a. Expressing reproach; insulting; as a railing accusation. 2Peter 2.", "RA'ILING, n. Reproachful or insolent language. 1Peter 3.", "RA'ILING, ppr. Inclosing with rails.", "RA'ILING, n.", "1. A series of rails; a fence.", "2. Rails in general; or the scantling for rails."], "railingly": ["RA'ILINGLY, adv. With scoffing or insulting language."], "railer": ["RA'ILER, n. One who scoffs, insults, censures or reproaches with opprobrious language."], "raiment": ["RA'IMENT, n. for arrayment. See Array and Ray.", "1. Clothing in general; vestments; vesture; garments.", "Gen. 24. Deut. 8.", "Living, both food and raiment she supplies.", "2. A single garment.", "In this sense it is rarely used, and indeed is improper."], "rain": ["RAIN, v.i. It seems that rain is contracted from regen. It is the Gr. to rain, to water, which we retain in brook, and the Latins, by dropping the prefix, in rigo, irrigo, to irrigate. The primary sense is to pour out, to drive forth. Heb.", "1. To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with it for a nominative; as, it rains; it will rain; it rained, or it has rained.", "2. To fall or drop like rain; as, tears rained at their eyes.", "RAIN, v.t. To pour or shower down from the upper regions, like rain from the clouds.", "Then said the Lord to Moses, behold I will rain bread from heaven for you. Ex. 14.", "God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating. Job. 20.", "Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and horrible tempest. Ps. 11.", "RAIN, n. The descent of water in drops from the clouds; or the water thus falling. Rain is distinguished from mist, by the size of the drops, which are distinctly visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, we call it mist, and fog is composed of particles so fine as to be not only indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air."], "rainbow": ["RA'INBOW, n. A bow, or an arch of a circle, consisting of all the colors formed by the refraction and reflection of rays of light from drops of rain or vapor, appearing in the part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun. When the sun is at the horizon, the rainbow is a semicircle. The rainbow is called also iris.", "The moon sometimes forms a bow or arch of light, more faint than that formed by the sun, and called lunar rainbow. Similar bows at sea are called marine rainbows or sea bows."], "raininess": ["RA'ININESS, n. from rainy. The state of being rainy."], "rainy": ["RA'INY, a. Abounding with rain; wet; showery; as rainy weather; a rainy day or season."], "raise": ["RAISE, v.t. raze. This word occurs often in the Gothic version of the gospels, Luke 3:8. John 6:40, 44. These verbs appear to be the L. gradior, gressus, without the prefix. L. to go to walk, to pass.", "1. To lift; to take up; to heave; to lift from a low or reclining posture; as, to raise a stone or weight; to raise the body in bed.", "The angel smote Peter on the side and raised him up.", "Acts 12.", "2. To set upright; as, to raise a mast.", "3. To set up; to erect; to set on its foundations and put together; as, to raise the frame of a house.", "4. To build; as, to raise a city, a fort, a wall, &c.", "I will raise forts against thee. Is. 29. amos 9.", "5. To rebuild.", "They shall raise up the former desolations. Is. 61.", "6. To form to some height by accumulation; as, to raise a heap of stones. Josh. 8.", "7. To make; to produce; to amass; as, to raise a great estate out of small profits.", "8. To enlarge; to amplify.", "9. To exalt; to elevate in condition; as, to raise one from a low estate.", "10. To exalt; to advance; to promote in rank or honor; as, to raise one to an office of distinction.", "This gentleman came to be raised to great titles.", "11. To enhance; to increase; as, to raise the value of coin; to raise the price of goods.", "12. To increase in current value.", "the plate pieces of eight were raised three pence in the piece.", "13. To excite; to put in motion or action; as, to raise a tempest or tumult.", "He commandeth and raiseth the stormy wind. Ps. 107.", "14. To excite to sedition, insurrection, war or tumult; to stir up. Act. 14.", "AEneas then employs his pains in parts remote to raise the Tuscan swains.", "15. To rouse; to awake; to stir up.", "They shall not awake, not be raised out of their sleep. Job. 14.", "16. To increase in strength; to excite from languor or weakness. The pulse is raised by stimulants, sometimes by venesection.", "17. To give beginning of importance to; to elevate into reputation; as, to raise a family.", "18. To bring into being.", "God vouchsafes to raise another word for him.", "19. To bring from a state of death to life.", "He was delivered for our offenses, and raised again for our justification. Rom. 4. 1Cor. 15.", "20. To call into view from the state of separate spirits; as, to raise a spirit by spells and incantations.", "21. To invent and propagate; to originate; to occasion; as, to raise a report or story.", "22. To set up; to excite; to begin by loud utterance; as, to raise a shout or cry.", "23. To utter loudly; to begin to sound or clamor. He raised his voice against the measures of administration.", "24. To utter with more strength or elevation; to swell. Let the speaker raise his voice.", "25. To collect; to obtain; to bring into a sum or fund. Government raises money by taxes, excise and imposts. Private persons and companies raise money for their enterprises.", "26. To levy; to collect; to bring into service; as, to raise troops; to raise an army.", "27. To give rise to.", "28. To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred or propagated; as, to raise wheat, barley, hops, &c.; to raise horses, oxen or sheep.", "The English now use grow in regard to crops; as, to grow wheat. This verb intransitive has never been used in New England in a transitive sense, until recently some persons have adopted it from the English books. We always use raise, but in New England it is never applied to the breeding of the human race, as it is in the southern states.", "29. To cause to swell, heave and become light; as, to raise dough or paste by yeast or leaven.", "Miss Liddy can dance a jig and raise paste.", "30. To excite; to animate with fresh vigor; as, to raise the spirits or courage.", "31. To ordain; to appoint; or to call to and prepare; to furnish with gifts and qualification suited to a purpose; a Scriptural sense.", "I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren. Deut. 18.", "For this cause have I raised thee up, to show in thee my power. Ex. 9. Judg. 2.", "32. To keep in remembrance. Ruth 4.", "33. To cause to exist by propagation. Matt. 22.", "34. To incite; to prompt. Ezra 1.", "35. To increase in intensity or strength; as, to raise the heat of a furnace.", "36. In seamen's language, to elevate, as an object by a gradual approach to it; to bring to be seen at a greater angle; opposed to laying; as, to raise the land; to raise a point.", "To raise a purchase, in seamen's language, is to dispose instruments or machines in such a manner as to exert any mechanical force required.", "To raise a siege, is to remove a besieging army and relinquish an attempt to take the place by that mode of attack, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished."], "raised": ["RA'ISED, pp. Lifted; elevated; exalted; promoted; set upright; built; made or enlarged; produced; enhanced; excited; restored to life; levied; collected; roused; invented and propagated; increased."], "raising": ["RA'ISING, ppr. Lifting; elevating; setting upright; exalting; producing; enhancing; restoring to life; collecting; levying; propagating, &c.", "RA'ISING, n.", "1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or restoring to life.", "2. In New England, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a building."], "raiser": ["RA'ISER, n. One who raises; that which raises; one that builds; one that levies or collects; one that begins, produces or propagates."], "raisin": ["RAISIN, n. razn.", "A dried grape. Grapes are suffered to remain on the vines till they are perfectly ripe, and then dried in an oven, or by exposure to the heat of the sun. Those dried in the sun are the sweetest."], "ram": ["RAM, n. See the Verb.", "1. The male of the sheep or ovine genus; in some parts of England called a tup. In the United States, the word is applied, I believe, to no other male, except in the compound ram-cat.", "2. In astronomy, Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters on the 21st of March, or a constellation of fixed stars in the figure of a ram. It is considered the first of the twelve signs.", "3. An engine of war, used formerly for battering and demolishing the walls of cities; called a battering-ram. See Battering-ram.", "RAM, v.t. L. ramus, a branch that is a shoot or thrust. Heb. See Cram.", "1. To thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive down or together; as, to ram down a cartridge; to ram piles into the earth.", "2. To drive, as with a battering ram.", "3. To stuff; to cram."], "rammed": ["RAM'MED, pp. See Ram. Driven forcibly."], "ramming": ["RAM'MING, ppr. Driving with force."], "rampart": ["RAM'PART, n. Hence we see rampart is from L. reparo; re and paro. See Parry and Repair.", "1. In fortification, an elevation or mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting cannon shot, and formed into bastions, curtains, &c.", "No standards from the hostile ramparts torn.", "2. That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures safety.", "RAM'PART, v.t. To fortify with ramparts. Not in use."], "ran": ["RAN, the pret. of run. In old writers, open robbery."], "range": ["RANGE, v.t.", "1. To set in a row or in rows; to place in a regular line, lines or ranks; to dispose in the proper order; as, to range troops in a body; to range men or ships in the order of battle.", "2. To dispose in proper classes, orders or divisions; as, to range plants and animals in genera and species.", "3. To dispose in a proper manner; to place in regular method; in a general sense. Range and arrange are used indifferently in the same sense.", "4. To rove over; to pass over.", "Teach him to range the ditch and force the brake.", "This use is elliptical, over being omitted.", "5. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to range the coast, that is, along the coast.", "RANGE, v.i.", "1. To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction.", "As a roaring lion and a ranging bear. Prov. 28.", "2. To be placed in order; to be ranked.", "'Tis better to be lowly born, and range with humble livers in content -", "In this sense, rank is now used.", "3. To lie in a particular direction.", "Which way thy forests range -", "We say, the front of a house ranges with the line of the street.", "4. To sail or pass near or in the direction of; as, to range along the coast.", "RANGE, n. See Rank.", "1. A row; a rank; things in a line; as a range of buildings; a range of mountains; ranges of colors.", "2. A class; an order.", "The next range of beings above him are the immaterial intelligences -", "3. A wandering or roving; excursion.", "He may take a range all the world over.", "4. Space or room for excursion.", "A man has not enough range of thought -", "5. Compass or extent of excursion; space taken in by any thing extended or ranked in order; as the range of Newton's thought. No philosopher has embraced a wider range.", "Far as creation's ample range extends.", "6. The step of a ladder. Corrupted in popular language to rung.", "7. A kitchen grate.", "8. A bolting sieve to sift meal.", "9. In gunnery, the path of a bullet or bomb, or the line it describes from the mouth of the piece to the point where it lodges; or the whole distance which it passes. When a cannon lies horizontally, it is called the right level, or point blank range; when the muzzle is elevated to 45 degrees, it is called the utmost range. To this may be added the ricochet, the rolling or bounding shot, with the piece elevated from three to six degrees."], "ranged": ["RANGED, pp. Disposed in a row or line; placed in order; passed in roving placed in a particular direction."], "ranging": ["RANGING, ppr. Placing in a row or line; disposing in order, method or classes; roving; passing near and in the direction of.", "RANGING, n. The act of placing in lines or in order; a roving, &c."], "rank": ["RANK, the old pret. of ring. Nearly obsolete."], "ranked": ["RANK'ED, pp. Placed in a line; disposed in an order or class; arranged methodically."], "ranking": ["RANK'ING, ppr. Placing in ranks or lines; arranging; disposing in orders or classes; having a certain rank or grade."], "rankness": ["RANK'NESS, n.", "1. Vigorous growth; luxuriance; exuberance; as the rankness of plants or herbage.", "2. Exuberance; excess; extravagance; as the rankness of pride; the rankness of joy.", "3. Extraordinary strength.", "The crane's pride is in the rankness of her wing.", "4. Strong taste; as the rankness of flesh or fish.", "5. Rancidness; rank smell; as the rankness of oil.", "6. Excessiveness; as the rankness of a composition or modus."], "ransom": ["RAN'SOM, n.", "1. The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner or slave, or for goods captured by an enemy; that which procures the release of a prisoner or captive, or of captured property, and restores the one to liberty and the other to the original owner.", "By his captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he paid for his liberty, Richard was hindered from pursuing the conquest of Ireland.", "2. Release from captivity, bondage or the possession of an enemy. They were unable to procure the ransom of the prisoners.", "3. In law, a sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender; or a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.", "4. In Scripture, the price paid for a forfeited life, or for delivery or release from capital punishment.", "Then he shall give for the ransom of his life, whatever is laid upon him. Ex. 21.", "5. The price paid for procuring the pardon of sins and the redemption of the sinner from punishment.", "Deliver him from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom. Job. 33.", "The Son of man came - to give his life a ransom for many. Matt. 20. Mark 10.", "RAN'SOM, v.t.", "1. To redeem from captivity or punishment by paying an equivalent; applied to persons; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.", "2. To redeem from the possession of an enemy by paying a price deemed equivalent; applied to goods or property.", "3. In Scripture, to redeem from the bondage of sin, and from the punishment to which sinners are subjected by the divine law.", "The ransomed of the Lord shall return. Is. 35.", "4. To rescue; to deliver. Hos. 13."], "ransomed": ["RAN'SOMED, pp. Redeemed or rescued from captivity, bondage or punishment by the payment of an equivalent."], "ransomer": ["RAN'SOMER, n. One that redeems."], "ransoming": ["RAN'SOMING, ppr. Redeeming from captivity, bondage or punishment by giving satisfaction to the possessor; rescuing; liberating."], "rare": ["RARE, a. L. rarus, thin.", "1. Uncommon; not frequent; as a rare event; a rare phenomenon.", "2. Unusually excellent; valuable to a degree seldom found.", "Rare work, all fill'd with terror and delight.", "Above the rest I judge one beauty rare.", "3. Thinly scattered.", "4. Thin; porous; not dense; as a rare and attenuate substance.", "Water is nineteen times lighter and by consequence nineteen times rarer than gold.", "5. Nearly raw; imperfectly roasted or boiled; as rare beef or mutton; eggs roasted rare."], "rarely": ["RA'RELY, adv.", "1. Seldom; not often; as things rarely seen.", "2. Finely; nicely. little used."], "rareness": ["RA'RENESS, n.", "1. The state of being uncommon; uncommonness; infrequency.", "And let the rareness the small gift commend.", "2. Value arising from scarcity.", "3. Thinness; tenuity; as the rareness of air or vapor.", "4. Distance from each other; thinness."], "rase": ["RASE, v.t. s as z. L. rasus, rado.", "1. To pass along the surface of a thing, with striking or rubbing it at the same time; to graze.", "Might not the bullet which rased his cheek, have gone into his head? Obs.", "2. To erase; to scratch or rub out; or to blot out; to cancel.", "In this sense, erase is generally used.", "3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to rase a city.", "In this sense, raze is generally used. This orthography, rase, may therefore be considered as nearly obsolete; graze, erase and raze having superseded it.", "RASE, n", "1. A cancel; erasure. Not in use.", "2. A slight wound. Not in use."], "rash": ["RASH, a.", "1. Hasty in council or action; precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution, and thus encountering unnecessary hazard; applied to persons; as a rash statesman or minister; a rash commander.", "2. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection; as rash words; rash measures.", "3. Requiring haste; urgent.", "I have scarce leisure to salute you, my matter is so rash.", "4. Quick; sudden; as rash gunpowder. Not in use.", "RASH, n. Corn so dry as to fall out with handling. Local.", "RASH, n.", "1. Satin.", "2. An eruption or efflorescence on the body.", "RASH, v.t. To slice; to cut into pieces; to divide."], "rashness": ["RASH'NESS, n.", "1. To much haste in resolving or in undertaking a measure; precipitation; inconsiderate readiness or promptness to decide or act, implying disregard of consequences or contempt of danger; applied to persons. The failure of enterprises is often owing to rashness.", "We offend by rashness, which is an affirming or denying before we have sufficiently informed ourselves.", "2. The quality of being uttered or done without due deliberation; as the rashness of words or of undertakings."], "rashly": ["RASH'LY, adv. With precipitation; hastily; without due deliberation.", "He that doth any thing rashly, must do it willingly.", "So rashly brave, to dare the sword of Theseus."], "rate": ["RATE, n. L. ratus, reor, contracted from retor, redor, or resor. See Ratio and Reason.", "1. The proportion or standard by which quantity or value is adjusted; as silver valued at the rate of six shillings and eight pence the ounce.", "The rate and standard of wit was different then from what it is in these days.", "2. Price or amount stated or fixed on any thing. A king may purchase territory at too dear a rate. The rate of interest is prescribed by law.", "3. Settled allowance; as a daily rate of provisions. 2Kings 25.", "4. Degree; comparative height or value.", "I am a spirit of no common rate.", "In this did his holiness and godliness apear above the rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so infintely merciful.", "5. Degree in which any thing is done. the ship sails at the rate of seven knots an hour.", "Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come lup soon enough.", "6. Degree of value; price. Wheat in England is often sold at the rate of fifty shillings the quarter. wit may be purchased at too dear a rate.", "7. a tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according to its income or value; as parish rates; town rates; highway rates.", "8. In the navy, the order or class of a ship, according to its magnitude or force. Ships of the first rate mount a hundred guns or upwards; those of the second rate carry from 90 to 98 guns; those of the third rate carry from 64 to 80 guns; those of the fourth rate from 50 to 60 guns; those of the fifth rate from 32 to 44 guns; those of the sixth rate from 20 to 30 guns. Those of the two latter rates are called frigates.", "RATE, v.t.", "1. To set a certain value on; to value at a certain price or degree of excellence.", "You seem not high enough your joys to rate.", "Instead of rating the man by his performances, we too frequently rate the performance by the man.", "2. To fix the magnitude, force or order, as of ships. A ship is rated in the first class, or as a ship of the line.", "RATE, v.i.", "1. To be set or considered in a class, as a ship. The ship rates as a ship of the line.", "2. To make an estimate.", "RATE, v.t. See Read. It is probably allied to rattle, and perhaps to L. rudo.", "To chide with vehemence; to reprove; to scold; to censure violently.", "Go, rate thy minions, proud insulting boy.", "An old lord of the council rated me the other day in the street about you, sir."], "rated": ["RA'TED, pp.", "1. Set at a certain value; estimated; set in a certain order or rank.", "2. Chid; reproved."], "rating": ["RA'TING, ppr. from rate.", "1. Setting at a certain value; assigning rant to; estimating.", "2. Chiding; reproving."], "rather": ["RATH'ER, adv. I would rather go, or sooner go. The use is taken from pushing or moving forward. L. ante, before. But he said, yea rather, happy are they that hear the word of God and keep it. Luke 11.", "1. More readily or willingly; with better liking; with preference or choice.", "My soul chooseth strangling and death rather than life. Job. 7.", "Light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil. John 3. Ps. 84.", "2. In preference; preferably; with better reason. Good is rather to be chosen than evil. See acts 5.", "3. In a greater degree than otherwise.", "He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain, and no where finding, rather fear'd her slain.", "4. More properly; more correctly speaking.", "This is an art which does mend nature, change it rather; but the art itself is nature.", "5. Noting some degree of contrariety in fact.", "She was nothing better, but rather grew worse. Mark 5.", "Matt. 27.", "The rather, especially; for better reason; for particular cause.", "You are come to me in a happy time, the rather for I have some sport in hand.", "Had rather, is supposed to be a corruption of would rather.", "I had rather speak five words with my understanding -", "1Cor. 14.", "This phrase may have been originally, \"I'd rather,\" for I would rather, and the contraction afterwards mistaken for had. Correct speakers and writers generally use would in all such phrases; I would rather, I prefer; I desire in preference."], "rattle": ["RAT'TLE, v.i.", "1. To make a quick sharp noise rapidly repeated, by the collision of bodies not very sonorous. When bodies are sonorous, it is called jingling. We say, the wheels rattle over the pavement.", "And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms.", "He fagoted his notions as they fell, and if they rhym'd and rattl'd, all was well.", "2. To speak eagerly and noisily; to utter words in a clattering manner.", "Thus turbulent in rattling tone she spoke.", "He rattles it out against popery.", "RAT'TLE, v.t.", "1. To cause to make a rattling sound or a rapid succession of sharp sounds; as, to rattle a chain.", "2. To stun with noise; to drive with sharp sounds rapidly repeated.", "Sound but another, and another shall, as loud as thine, rattle the welkin's ear.", "3. To scold; to rail at clamorously; as, to rattle off servants sharply.", "RAT'TLE, n.", "1. A rapid succession of sharp clattering sounds; as the rattle of a drum.", "2. A rapid succession of words sharply uttered; loud rapid talk; clamorous chiding.", "3. An instrument with which a clattering sound is made.", "The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough resemble each other.", "The rhymes and rattles of the man or boy.", "4. A plant of the genus Pedicularis, louse-wort.", "Yellow rattle, a plant of the genus Rhinanthus."], "rattling": ["RAT'TLING, ppr. Making a quick succession of sharp sounds.", "RAT'TLING, n. A rapid succession of sharp sounds. Nah. 3."], "raven": ["RAVEN, n. ra'ven. Heb. from its color. But this may be L. corvus, rapio.", "A large fowl of a black color, of the genus Corvus.", "RAVEN, v.t. rav'n.", "1. To devour with great eagerness; to eat with voracity.", "Our natures do pursue, like rats that raven down their proper bane, a thirsty evil, and when we drink, we die.", "Like a roaring lion, ravening the prey. Ezek. 22.", "2. To obtain by violence.", "RAVEN, v.i. rav'n. To prey with rapacity.", "Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. Gen 49.", "RAVEN, n. rav'n.", "1. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence. Nah. 2.", "2. Rapine; rapacity."], "ravened": ["RAV'ENED, pp. Devoured with voracity."], "ravener": ["RAV'ENER, n. One that ravens or plunders."], "ravening": ["RAV'ENING, ppr. Preying with rapacity; voraciously devouring; as a ravening wolf.", "RAV'ENING, n. Eagerness for plunder. Luke 11."], "ravenous": ["RAV'ENOUS, a.", "1. Furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; devouring with rapacious eagerness; as a ravenous wolf, lion or vulture.", "2. Eager for prey or gratification; as ravenous appetite or desire."], "ravenously": ["RAV'ENOUSLY, adv. With raging voracity."], "ravenousness": ["RAV'ENOUSNESS, n. Extreme voracity; rage for prey; as the ravenousness of a lion."], "ravin": ["RAVIN. See raven."], "ravine": ["RAV'INE, n. A long deep hollow worn by a stream or torrent of water; hence, any long deep hollow or pass through mountains, &c."], "ravish": ["RAV'ISH, v.t. L. rapio.", "1. To seize and carry away by violence.", "These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin, will quicken and accuse thee.", "This hand shall ravish thy pretended right.", "2. To have carnal knowledge of a woman by force and against her consent. Is. 13. Zech. 14.", "3. To bear away with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy; to transport.", "Thou hast ravished my heart. Prov. 5."], "ravished": ["RAV'ISHED, pp. Snatched away by violence; forced to submit to carnal embrace; delighted to ecstasy."], "ravisher": ["RAV'ISHER, n.", "1. One that takes by violence.", "2. One that forces a woman to his carnal embrace.", "3. One that transports with delight."], "ravishing": ["RAV'ISHING, ppr.", "1. Snatching or taking by violence; compelling to submit to carnal intercourse; delighting to ecstasy.", "2. a. Delighting to rapture; transporting.", "RAV'ISHING, n.", "1. A seizing and carrying away by violence.", "2. Carnal knowledge by force against consent.", "3. Ecstatic delight; transport."], "ravishingly": ["RAV'ISHINGLY, adv. To extremity of delight."], "ravishment": ["RAV'ISHMENT, n.", "1. The act of forcing a woman to carnal connection; forcible violation of chastity.", "2. Rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy; pleasing violence of the mind or senses.", "All things joy with ravishment attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.", "3. The act of carrying away; abduction; as the ravishment of children from their parents, of a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband."], "raw": ["RAW, a. L. crudus, rodo.", "1. Not altered from its natural state; not roasted, boiled or cooked; not subdued by heat; as raw meat.", "2. Not covered with skin; bare, as flesh.", "If there is quick raw flesh in the risings, it is an old leprosy. Lev. 13.", "3. sore.", "And all his sinews waxen weak and raw through long imprisonment.", "4. Immature; unripe; not concocted.", "5. Not altered by heat; not cooked or dressed; being in its natural state; as raw fruit.", "6. Unseasoned; unexperienced; unripe in skill; as people while young and raw.", "so we say, raw troops; and new seamen are called raw hands.", "7. New; untried; as a raw trick.", "8. Bleak; chilly; cold, or rather cold and damp; as a raw day; a raw cold climate.", "Once upon a raw and gusty day -", "9. Not distilled; as raw water. Not used.", "10. Not spun or twisted; as raw silk.", "11. Not mixed or adulterated; as raw spirits.", "12. Bare of flesh.", "13. Not tried or melted and strained; as raw tallow.", "14. Not tanned; as raw hides."], "rawness": ["RAW'NESS, n.", "1. The state of being raw; uncooked; unaltered by heat; as the rawness of flesh.", "2. Unskillfulness; state of being inexperienced; as the rawness of seamen or troops.", "3. Hasty manner. Not legitimate.", "4. Chilliness with dampness."], "reach": ["REACH, v.t. Raught, the ancient preterit, is obsolete. The verb is now regular; pp. reached. L. rego, to rule or govern, to make right or straight, that is, to strain or stretch, the radical sense. The English sense of reach appears in L. porrigo and porricio. Greek, to reach, to stretch, the radical sense of desiring. L. fragro. But the primary sense is the same, to reach, to extend, to shoot forth, to urge.", "1. To extend; to stretch; in a general sense; sometimes followed by out and forth; as, to reach out the arm. Hence,", "2. To extend to; to touch by extending either the arm alone, or with an instrument in the hand; as, to reach a book on the shelf; I cannot reach the object with my cane; the seaman reaches the bottom of the river with a pole or a line.", "3. To strike from a distance.", "O patron power, thy present aid afford, that I may reach the beast.", "4. To deliver with the hand by extending the arm; to hand. He reached to me an orange.", "He reached me a full cup.", "5. To extend or stretch from a distance.", "Reach hither thy finger - reach hither thy hand. John 20.", "6. To arrive at; to come to. The ship reached her port in safety. We reached New York on Thursday. The letter reached me at seven o'clock.", "7. To attain to or arrive at, by effort, labor or study; hence, to gain or obtain. Every artist should attempt to reach the point of excellence.", "The best accounts of the appearances of nature which human penetration can reach, come short of its reality.", "8. To penetrate to.", "Whatever alterations are made in the body, if they reach not the mind, there is no perception.", "9. To extend to so as to include or comprehend in fact or principle.", "The law reached the intention of the promoters, and this act fixed the natural price of money.", "If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let them examine.", "10. To extend to.", "Thy desire leads to no excess that reaches blame.", "11. To extend; to spread abroad.", "Trees reach'd too far their pampered boughs.", "12. To take with the hand.", "Lest therefore now his bolder hand reach also of the tree of life and eat. Unusual.", "13. To overreach; to deceive.", "REACH, v.i.", "1. To be extended.", "The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone.", "The border shall descend, and shall reach to the side of the sea of Chinnereth eastward. Num. 34.", "And behold, a ladder set on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven. Gen. 28.", "2. To penetrate.", "Ye have slain them in a rage that reacheth to heaven. 2Chron. 28.", "3. To make efforts to vomit. See Retch.", "To reach after, to make efforts to attain to or obtain.", "He would be in a posture of mind, reaching after a positive idea of infinity.", "REACH, n.", "1. In a general sense, extension; a stretching; extent.", "2. The power of extending to, or of taking by the hand, or by any instrument managed by the hand. The book is not within my reach. The bottom of the sea is not within the reach of a line or cable.", "3. Power of attainment or management, or the limit of power, physical or moral. He used all the means within his reach. The causes of phenomena are often beyond the reach of human intellect.", "Be sure yourself and your own reach to know.", "4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or research; contrivance; scheme.", "- Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters which they least intended.", "5. A fetch; an artifice to obtain an advantage.", "The duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own underhand, to cross the design.", "6. Tendency to distant consequences.", "Strain not my speech to grosser issues, nor to larger reach than to suspicion.", "7. Extent.", "And on the left hand, hell with long reach interpos'd.", "8. Among seamen, the distance between two points on the banks of a river, in which the current flows in a straight course.", "9. An effort to vomit."], "reached": ["RE'ACHED, pp. Stretched out; extended; touched by extending the arm; attained to; obtained."], "reaching": ["RE'ACHING, ppr. Stretching out; extending; touching by extension of the arm; attaining to; gaining; making efforts to vomit."], "read": ["READ, n. See the Verb.", "1. Counsel. Obs.", "2. Saying; sentence. Obs.", "READ, v.t. The preterit and pp. read, is pronounced red. Gr. to say or tell, to flow; a speaker, a rhetorician. The primary sense of read is to speak, to utter, that is, to push, drive or advance. This is also the primary sense of ready, that is, prompt or advancing, quick. L. gratia, the primary sense of which is prompt to favor, advancing towards, free. The elements of these words are the same as those of ride and L. gradior, &c. The sense of reason is secondary, that which is uttered, said or set forth; hence counsel also. See Ready.", "1. To utter or pronounce written or printed words, letters or characters in the proper order; to repeat the names or utter the sounds customarily annexed to words, letters or characters; as, to read a written or printed discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music.", "2. To inspect and understand words or characters; to peruse silently; as, to read a paper or letter without uttering the words; to read to one's self.", "3. To discover or understand by characters, marks or features; as, to read a man's thoughts in his countenance.", "To read the interior structure of the globe.", "An armed corse did lie, in whose dead face he read great magnanimity.", "4. To learn by observation.", "Those about her from her shall read the perfect ways of honor.", "5. To know fully.", "Who is't can read a woman?", "6. To suppose; to guess. Obs.", "7. To advise. Obs.", "READ, v.i.", "1. To perform the act of reading.", "So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense. Neh. 8.", "2. To be studious; to practice much reading.", "It is sure that Fleury roads.", "3. To learn by reading.", "I have read of an eastern king who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence.", "4. To tell; to declare. Not in use.", "READ, pp. red.", "1. Uttered; pronounced, as written words in the proper order; as, the letter was read to the family.", "2. Silently perused.", "READ, a. red. Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned. Well read is the phrase commonly used; as well read in history; well read in the classics.", "A poet well read in Longinus -"], "reading": ["RE'ADING, ppr.", "1. Pronouncing or perusing written or printed words or characters of a book or writing.", "2. Discovering by marks; understanding.", "RE'ADING, n.", "1. The act of reading; perusal.", "2. Study of books; as a man of extensive reading.", "3. A lecture or prelection.", "4. Public recital.", "The Jews had their weekly readings of the law.", "5. In criticism, the manner of reading the manuscripts of ancient authors, where the words or letters are obscure. No small part of the business of critics is to settle the true reading, or real words used by the author; and the various readings of different critics are often perplexing.", "6. A commentary or gloss on a law, text or passage.", "7. In legislation, the formal recital of a bill by the proper officer, before the house which is to consider it. In Congress and in the state legislatures, a bill must usually have three several readings on different days, before it can be passed into a law."], "readiness": ["READINESS, n. red'iness. from ready.", "1. Quickness; promptness; promptitude; facility; freedom from hinderance or obstruction; as readiness of speech; readiness of thought; readiness of mind in suggesting an answer; readiness of reply.", "2. Promptitude; cheerfulness; willingness; alacrity; freedom from reluctance; as, to grant a request or assistance with readiness.", "They received the word with all readiness of mind. Acts 17.", "3. A state of preparation; fitness of condition. The troops are in readiness."], "ready": ["READY, a. red'y. Eng. to rid; redo, ready; rida, to ride; bereda, to prepare. Gr. easy. The primary sense is to go, move, or advance forward, and it seems to be clear that ready, ride, read, riddle, are all of one family, and probably from the root of L. gradior. See Read and Red.", "1. Quick; prompt; not hesitating; as ready wit; a ready consent.", "2. Quick to receive or comprehend; not slow or dull; as a ready apprehension.", "3. Quick in action or execution; dextrous; as an artist ready in his business; a ready writer. Ps. 45.", "4. Prompt; not delayed present in hand. He makes ready payment; he pays ready money for every thing he buys.", "5. Prepared; fitted; furnished with what is necessary, or disposed in a manner suited to the purpose; as a ship ready for sea.", "My oxen and fatlings are killed, and all things are ready. Matt 22.", "6. Willing; free; cheerful to do or suffer; not backward or reluctant; as a prince always ready to grant the reasonable requests of his subjects.", "The spirit is ready, but the flesh is weak. Mark 14.", "I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus. Acts 21.", "7. Willing; disposed. Men are generally ready to impute blame to others. They are more ready to give than to take reproof.", "8. Being at the point; near; not distant; about to do or suffer.", "A Syrian ready to perish was my father. Deut. 26. Job 29. Ps. 88.", "9. Being nearest or at hand.", "A sapling pine he wrench'd from out the ground, the readiest weapon that his fury found.", "10. Easy; facile; opportune; short; near, or most convenient; the Greek sense.", "Sometimes the readiest way which a wise man has to conquer, is to flee.", "Through the wild desert, not the readiest way.", "The ready way to be thought mad, is to contend you are not so.", "1. To make ready, to prepare; to provide and put in order.", "2. An elliptical phrase, for make things ready; to make preparations; to prepare.", "READY, adv. red'y. In a state of preparation, so as to need no delay.", "We ourselves will go ready armed before the house of Israel. Num. 32.", "READY, n. red'y. For ready money.", "Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or to clear old debts. A low word.", "READY, v.t. red'y. To dispose in order; to prepare. Not in use."], "realm": ["REALM, n. relm. L. rex, king, whence regalis, royal.", "1. A royal jurisdiction or extent of government; a kingdom; a king's dominions; as the realm of England.", "2. Kingly government; as the realm of bees. Unusual."], "reap": ["REAP, v.t. L. rapio, carpo; Gr. a sickle, to reap; Eng. crop.", "1. To cut grain with a sickle; as, to reap wheat or rye.", "When ye reap the harvest, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field. Lev. 19.", "2. To clear of a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field.", "3. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward, or as the fruit of labor or of works; in a good or bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from exertions.", "He that soweth to the flesh, shall of the flesh reap corruption. Gal. 6.", "Ye have plowed wickedness; ye have reaped iniquity.", "Hos. 10.", "REAP, v.i.", "1. To perform the act or operation of reaping. In New England, farmers reap in July and August.", "2. To receive the fruit of labor or works.", "They that sow in tears, shall reap in joy. Ps. 126."], "reaped": ["RE'APED, pp. Cut with a sickle; received as the fruit of labor or works."], "reaping": ["RE'APING, ppr. Cutting grain with a sickle; receiving as the fruit of labor or the reward of works."], "reaper": ["RE'APER, n. One that cuts grain with a sickle."], "rear": ["REAR, n.", "1. In a general sense, that which is behind or backwards; appropriately, the part of an army which is behind the other, either when standing on parade or when marching; also, the part of a fleet which is behind the other. It is opposed to front or van. Bring up the rear.", "2. The last class; the last in order.", "Coins I place in the rear.", "In the rear, behind the rest; backward, or in the last class. In this phrase, rear signifies the part or place behind.", "REAR, a.", "1. Raw; rare; not well roasted or boiled.", "2. Early. A provincial word.", "REAR, v.t.", "1. To raise.", "Who now shall rear you to the sun, or rank your tribes?", "2. To lift after a fall.", "In adoration at his feet I fell submiss; he rear'd me.", "3. To bring up or to raise to maturity, as young; as, to rear a numerous offspring.", "4. To educate; to instruct.", "He wants a father to protect his youth, and rear him up to virtue.", "5. To exalt; to elevate.", "Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind, softens the high, and rears the abject mind.", "6. To rouse; to stir up.", "And seeks the tusky boar to rear.", "7. To raise; to breed; as cattle.", "8. To achieve; to obtain.", "To rear the steps, to ascend; to move upward."], "reared": ["RE'ARED, pp. Raised; lifted; brought up; educated; elevated."], "rearing": ["RE'ARING, ppr. Raising; educating; elevating."], "reason": ["REASON, n. re'zn. L. ratio, which is from ratus, and which proves reor to be contracted from redo, redor, and all unite with rod, L. radius, &c. Gr. to say or speak, whence rhetoric. See Read.", "1. That which is thought or which is alleged in words, as the ground or cause of opinion, conclusion or determination. I have reasons which I may choose not to disclose. You ask me my reasons. I freely give my reasons. The judge assigns good reasons for his opinion, reasons which justify his decision. Hence in general,", "2. The cause, ground, principle or motive of any thing said or done; that which supports or justifies a determination, plan or measure.", "Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness. 1Peter 3.", "3. Efficient cause. He is detained by reason of sickness.", "Spain in thin sown of people, partly by reason of its sterility of soil", "The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel-watch is by motion of the next wheel.", "4. Final cause.", "Reason, in the English language, is sometimes taken for true and clear principles; sometimes for clear and fair deductions; sometimes for the cause, particularly the final cause.", "5. A faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes truth from falsehood, and good from evil, and which enables the possessor to deduce inferences from facts or from propositions.", "Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul, reason's comparing balance rules the whole - That sees immediate good by present sense, reason the future and the consequence.", "Reason is the director of man's will.", "6. Ratiocination; the exercise of reason.", "But when by reason she the truth has found -", "7. Right; justice; that which is dictated or supported by reason. Every man claims to have reason on his side.", "I was promised on a time to have reason for my rhyme.", "8. Reasonable claim; justice.", "God brings good out of evil, and therefore it were but reason we should trust God to govern his own world.", "9. Rationale; just account.", "This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called catholic.", "10. Moderation; moderate demands; claims which reason and justice admit or prescribe.", "The most probable way of bringing France to reason, would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies -", "In reason, in all reason, in justice; with rational ground.", "When any thing is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not in reason to doubt of its existence."], "reasonable": ["RE'ASONABLE, a.", "1. Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; as a reasonable being. In this sense, rational is now generally used.", "2. Governed by reason; being under the influence of reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally or according to the dictates of reason; as, the measure must satisfy all reasonable men.", "3. Conformable or agreeable to reason; just; rational.", "By indubitable certainty, I mean that which does not admit of any reasonable cause of doubting.", "A law may be reasonable in itself, though a man does not allow it.", "4. Not immoderate.", "Let all things be thought upon, that may with reasonable swiftness add more feathers to our wings.", "5. Tolerable; being in mediocrity; moderate; as a reasonable quantity.", "6. Not excessive; not unjust; as a reasonable fine; a reasonable sum in damages."], "reasonableness": ["RE'ASONABLENESS, n.", "1. The faculty of reason. In this sense, little used.", "2. Agreeableness to reason; that state or quality of a thing which reason supports or justifies; as the reasonableness of our wishes, demands or expectations.", "the reasonableness and excellency of charity.", "3. Conformity to rational principles.", "The whole frame and contexture of a watch carries in it a reasonableness - the passive impression of the reason or intellectual idea that was in the artist. Unusual.", "4. Moderation; as the reasonableness of a demand."], "reasonably": ["RE'ASONABLY, adv.", "1. In a manner or degree agreeable to reason; in consistency with reason. We may reasonably suppose self interest to be the governing principle of men.", "2. Moderately; in a moderate degree; not fully; in a degree reaching to mediocrity.", "If we can be industry make our deaf and dumb persons reasonably perfect in the language -"], "reasoner": ["RE'ASONER, n. One who reasons or argues; as a fiar reasoner; a close reasoner; a logical reasoner."], "reasoning": ["RE'ASONING, ppr. arguing; deducing inferences from premises; debating; discussing.", "RE'ASONING, n. The act or process of exercising the faculty of reason; that act or operation of the mind by which new or unknown propositions are deduced from previous ones which are known and evident, or which are admitted or supposed for the sake of argument; argumentation; ratiocination; as fair reasoning; false reasoning; absurd reasoning; strong or weak reasoning. The reasonings of the advocate appeared to the court conclusive."], "rebel": ["REB'EL, n. L. rebellis, making war again.", "1. One who revolts from the government to which he owes allegiance, either by openly renouncing the authority of that government, or by taking arms and openly opposing it. A rebel differs from an enemy, as the latter is one who does not owe allegiance to the government which he attacks. Num. 17.", "2. One who willfully violates a law.", "3. One who disobeys the king's proclamation; a contemner of the king's laws.", "4. A villain who disobeys his lord.", "REB'EL, a. Rebellious; acting in revolt."], "rebelled": ["REBEL'LED, pp. or a. Rebellious; guilty of rebellion."], "rebeller": ["REBEL'LER, n. One that rebels."], "rebelling": ["REBEL'LING, ppr. Renouncing the authority of the government to which one owes allegiance; rising in opposition to lawful authority."], "rebellion": ["REBEL'LION, n. L. rebellio. among the Romans, rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.", "1. An open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one owes allegiance; or the taking of arms traitorously to resist the authority of lawful government; revolt. Rebellion differs from insurrection and from mutiny. Insurrection may be a rising in opposition to a particular act or law, without a design to renounce wholly all subjection to the government. Insurrection may be, but is not necessarily, rebellion. Mutiny is an insurrection of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their officers.", "No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed, than men of desperate principles resort to it.", "2. Open resistance to lawful authority.", "Commission of rebellion, in law, a commission awarded against a person who treats the king's authority with contempt, in not obeying his proclamation according to his allegiance, and refusing to attend his sovereign when required; in which case, four commissioners are ordered to attach him wherever he may be found."], "rebellious": ["REBEL'LIOUS, a. Engaged in rebellion; renouncing the authority and dominion of the government to which allegiance is due; traitorously resisting government or lawful authority. Deut. 9. Deut. 21."], "rebelliously": ["REBEL'LIOUSLY, adv. With design to throw off the authority of legitimate government; in opposition to the government, to which one is bound by allegiance; with violent or obstinate disobedience to lawful authority."], "rebelliousness": ["REBEL'LIOUSNESS, n. The quality or state of being rebellious."], "rebukable": ["REBU'KABLE, a. from rebuke. Worthy of reprehension."], "rebuke": ["REBU'KE, v.t. See Pack and Impeach.", "1. To chide; to reprove; to reprehend for a fault; to check by reproof.", "The proud he tam'd, the penitent he cheer'd, not to rebuke the rich offender fear'd.", "Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbor. Lev. 19.", "2. To check or restrain.", "The Lord rebuke thee, O Satan. Zech. 3. Is. 17.", "3. To chasten; to punish; to afflict for correction.", "O Lord, rebuke me not in thine anger. Ps. 6.", "4. To check; to silence.", "Master, rebuke thy disciples. Luke 19.", "5. To check; to heal.", "And he stood over her and rebuked the fever. Luke 4.", "6. To restrain; to calm.", "He arose and rebuked the winds and the sea. Matt. 8.", "REBU'KE, n.", "1. A chiding; reproof for faults; reprehension.", "Why bear you these rebukes and answer not?", "2. In Scripture, chastisement; punishment; affliction for the purpose of restraint and correction. Ezek. 5. Hos. 5.", "3. In low language, any kind of check.", "To suffer rebuke, to endure the reproach and persecution of men. Jer. 15.", "To be without rebuke, to live without giving cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless."], "rebuked": ["REBU'KED, pp. Reproved; reprehended; checked; restrained; punished for faults."], "rebukeful": ["REBU'KEFUL, a. Containing or abounding with rebukes."], "rebuker": ["REBU'KER, n. One that rebukes; a chider; one that chastises or restrains."], "rebuking": ["REBU'KING, ppr. Chiding; reproving; checking; punishing."], "recall": ["RECALL', v.t. re and call.", "1. To call back; to take back; as, to recall words or declarations.", "2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; as, to recall a decree.", "3. To call back; to revive in memory; as, to recall to mind what has been forgotten.", "4. To call back from a place or mission; as, to recall a minister from a foreign court; to recall troops from India.", "RECALL', n.", "1. A calling back; revocation.", "2. The power of calling back or revoking.", "'Tis done, and since 'tis done, 'tis past recall."], "recallable": ["RECALL'ABLE, a. That may be recalled.", "Delegates recallable at pleasure."], "recalled": ["RECALL'ED, pp. Called back; revoked."], "recalling": ["RECALL'ING, ppr. Calling back; revoking."], "receivable": ["RECE'IVABLE, a. That may be received."], "receivableness": ["RECE'IVABLENESS, n. Capability of being received."], "receive": ["RECE'IVE, v.t. L. recipio; re and capio, to take.", "1. To take, as a thing offered or sent; to accept. He had the offer of a donation, but he would not receive it.", "2. To take as due or as a reward. He received the money on the day it was payable. He received ample compensation.", "3. To take or obtain from another in any manner, and either good or evil.", "Shall we receive good at the hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? Job 2.", "4. To take, as a thing communicated; as, to receive a wound by a shot; to receive a disease by contagion.", "The idea of a solidity we receive by our touch.", "5. To take or obtain intellectually; as, to receive an opinion or notion from others.", "6. To embrace.", "Receive with meekness the engrafted word. James 1.", "7. To allow; to hold; to retain; as a custom long received.", "8. To admit.", "Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Ps. 73.", "9. To welcome; to lodge and entertain; as a guest.", "They kindled a fire and received us every one, because of the present rain and because of the cold. Acts 28.", "10. To admit into membership or fellowship.", "Him that is weak in the faith, receive ye. Rom. 14.", "11. To take in or on; to hold; to contain.", "The brazen altar was too little to receive the burnt-offering. 1Kings 8.", "12. To be endowed with.", "Ye shall receive power after that the Holy Spirit has come upon you. Acts 1.", "13. To take into a place or state.", "After the Lord had spoken to them, he was received up into heaven. Mark 16.", "14. To take or have as something ascribed; as, to receive praise or blame. Rev. 4. Rev. 5.", "15. To bear with or suffer. 2Cor. 11.", "16. To believe in. John 1.", "17. To accept or admit officially or in an official character. The minister was received by the emperor or court.", "18. To take stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen."], "received": ["RECE'IVED, pp. Taken; accepted; admitted; embraced; entertained; believed."], "receiver": ["RECE'IVER, n.", "1. One who takes or receives in any manner.", "2. An officer appointed to receive public money; a treasurer.", "3. One who takes stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen, and incurs the guilt of partaking in the crime.", "4. A vessel for receiving and containing the product of distillation.", "5. The vessel of an air pump, for containing the thing on which an experiment is to be made.", "6. One who partakes of the sacrament."], "receiving": ["RECE'IVING, ppr. Taking; accepting; admitting; embracing; believing; entertaining."], "reckon": ["RECKON, v.t. rek'n. L. rego, rectus, whence regnum, regno, Eng. to reign and right.", "1. To count; to number; that is, to tell the particulars.", "The priest shall reckon to him the money, according to the years that remain, even to the year of jubilee, and it shall be abated. Lev. 27.", "I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.", "2. To esteem; to account; to repute. Rom. 8.", "For him I reckon not in high estate.", "3. To repute; to set in the number or rank of.", "He was reckoned among the transgressors. Luke 22.", "4. To assign in an account. rom. 4.", "5. to compute; to calculate."], "reckoned": ["RECKONED, pp. rek'nd. Counted; numbered; esteemed; reputed; computed; set or assigned to in account."], "reckoner": ["RECKONER, n. rek'ner. One who reckons or computes.", "Reckoners without their host must reckon twice."], "reckoning": ["RECKONING, ppr. rek'ning. Counting; computing; esteeming; reputing; stating an account mutually."], "recommend": ["RECOMMEND', v.t. re and commend.", "1. To praise to another; to offer or commend to another's notice, confidence or kindness by favorable representations.", "Maecenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus.", "In this sense, commend, though less common, is the preferable word.", "2. To make acceptable.", "A decent boldness ever meets with friends, succeeds, and ev'n a stranger recommends.", "3. To commit with prayers.", "Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by the brethren to the grace of God. Acts. 15.", "Commend here is much to be preferred."], "recommendable": ["RECOMMEND'ABLE, a. That may be recommended; worthy of recommendation or praise."], "recommendation": ["RECOMMENDA'TION, n.", "1. The act of recommending or of commending; the act of representing in a favorable manner for the purpose of procuring the notice, confidence or civilities of another. We introduce a friend to a stranger by a recommendation of his virtues or accomplishments.", "2. That which procures a kind or favorable reception. The best recommendation of a man to favor is politeness. Misfortune is a recommendation to our pity."], "recommended": ["RECOMMEND'ED, pp. Praised; commended to another."], "recommender": ["RECOMMEND'ER, n. One who commends."], "recommending": ["RECOMMEND'ING, ppr. Praising to another; commending."], "recompensation": ["RECOMPENSA'TION, n. Recompense. Not used."], "recompense": ["REC'OMPENSE, v.t.", "1. To compensate; to make return of an equivalent for any thing given, done or suffered; as, to recompense a person for services, for fidelity or for sacrifices of time, for loss or damages.", "The word is followed by the person or the service. We recompense a person for his services, or we recompense his kindness. It is usually found more easy to neglect than to recompense a favor.", "2. To require; to repay; to return an equivalent; in a bad sense.", "Recompense to no man evil for evil. Rom. 12.", "3. To make an equivalent return in profit or produce. The labor of man is recompensed by the fruits of the earth.", "4. To compensate; to make amends by any thing equivalent.", "Solyman - said he would find occasion for them to recompense that disgrace.", "5. To make restitution or an equivalent return for. Num. 5."], "recompensed": ["REC'OMPENSED, pp. Rewarded; requited."], "recompensing": ["REC'OMPENSING, ppr. Rewarding; compensating; requiting."], "reconcilable": ["RECONCI'LABLE, a.", "1. Capable of being reconciled; capable of renewed friendship. The parties are not reconcilable.", "2. That may be made to agree to be consistent; consistent.", "The different accounts of the numbers of ships are reconcilable.", "3. Capable of being adjusted; as, the difference between the parties is reconcilable."], "reconcilableness": ["RECONCI'LABLENESS, n.", "1. The quality of being reconcilable; consistency; as the reconcilableness of parts of Scripture which apparently disagree.", "2. Possibility of being restored to friendship and harmony."], "reconcile": ["RECONCI'LE, v.t. L. reconcilio; re and concilio; con and calo, to call, Gr. The literal sense is to call back into union.", "1. To conciliate anew; to call back into union and friendship the affections which have been alienated; to restore to friendship or favor after estrangement; as, to reconcile men or parties that have been at variance.", "Go thy way; first be reconciled to thy brother - Matt. 5.", "We pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God.", "2Cor. 5. Eph. 2. Col. 1.", "2. To bring to acquiescence, content or quiet submission; with to; as, to reconcile one's self to afflictions. It is our duty to be reconciled to the dispensations of Providence.", "3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or suitableness; followed by with or to.", "The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual labor with affairs of state.", "Some figures monstrous and misshap'd appear, considered singly, or beheld too near; which but proportion'd to their light and place, due distance reconciles to form and grace.", "4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences or quarrels."], "reconciled": ["RECONCI'LED, pp. Brought into friendship from a state of disagreement or enmity; made consistent; adjusted."], "reconcilement": ["RECONCI'LEMENT, n.", "1. Reconciliation; renewal of friendship. Animosities sometimes make reconcilement impracticable.", "2. Friendship renewed.", "No cloud of anger shall remain, but peace assured and reconcilement."], "reconciler": ["RECONCI'LER, n.", "1. One who reconciles; one who brings parties at variance into renewed friendship.", "2. One who discovers the consistence of proposition."], "reconciling": ["RECONCI'LING, ppr. Bringing into favor and friendship after variance; bringing to content or satisfaction; showing to be consistent; adjusting; making to agree."], "reconciliation": ["RECONCILIA'TION, n. L. reconciliatio.", "1. The act of reconciling parties at variance; renewal of friendship after disagreement or enmity.", "Reconciliation and friendship with God, really form the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.", "2. In Scripture, the means by which sinners are reconciled and brought into a state of favor with God, after natural estrangement or enmity; the atonement; expiation.", "Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression and to make an end of sin, and to make reconciliation for iniquity. Dan. 9. Heb. 2.", "3. Agreement of things seemingly opposite, different or inconsistent."], "record": ["RECORD', v.t. L. recorder, to call to mind, to remember, from re and cor, cordis, the heart or mind.", "1. To register; to enroll; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic or correct evidence of a thing; as, to record the proceedings of a court; to record a deed or lease; to record historical events.", "2. To imprint deeply on the mind or memory; as, to record the sayings of another in the heart.", "3. To cause to be remembered.", "So ev'n and morn recorded the third day.", "4. To recite; to repeat. Not in use.", "5. To call to mind. Not in use.", "RECORD', v.i. To sing or repeat a tune. Not in use."], "recordation": ["RECORDA'TION, n. L. recordatio. Remembrance. Not in use."], "recorded": ["RECORD'ED, pp. Registered; officially entered in a book or on parchment; imprinted on the memory."], "recorder": ["RECORD'ER, n.", "1. A person whose official duty is to register writings or transactions; one who enrolls or records.", "2. An officer of a city who is keeper of the rolls or records, or who is invested with judicial powers.", "3. Formerly, a kind of flute, flageolet or wind instrument.", "The figures of recorders, flutes and pipes are straight; but the recorder hath a less bore and a greater above and below."], "recording": ["RECORD'ING, ppr. Registering; enrolling; imprinting on the memory."], "recount": ["RECOUNT', v.t. re and count.", "To relate in detail; to recite; to tell or narrate the particulars; to rehearse.", "Say from these glorious seeds what harvest flows, recount our blessings, and compare our woes."], "recounted": ["RECOUNT'ED, pp. Related or told in detail; recited."], "recounting": ["RECOUNT'ING, ppr. Relating in a series; narrating."], "recountment": ["RECOUNT'MENT, n. Relation in detail; recital. Little used."], "recover": ["RECOVER, v.t. L. recupero; re and capio, to take.", "1. To regain; to get or obtain that which was lost; as, to recover stolen goods; to recover a town or territory which an enemy had taken; to recover sight or senses; to recover health or strength after sickness.", "David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away. 1Sam. 30.", "2. To restore from sickness; as, to recover one from leprosy. 2Kings 5.", "3. To revive from apparent death; as, to recover a drowned man.", "4. To regain by reparation; to repair the loss of, or to repair an injury done by neglect; as, to recover lost time.", "Good men have lapses and failings to lament and recover.", "5. To regain a former state by liberation from capture or possession.", "That they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil. 2Tim. 2.", "6. To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or debt; as, to recover damages in trespass; to recover debt and cost in a suit at law.", "7. To reach; to come to.", "The forest is not three leagues off; if we recover that, we're sure enough.", "8. To obtain title to by judgment in a court of law; as, to recover lands in ejectment or common recovery.", "RECOVER, v.i.", "1. To regain health after sickness; to grow well; followed by of or from.", "Go, inquire of Beelzebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall recover of this disease. 2Kings 1.", "2. To regain a former state or condition after misfortune; as, to recover from a state of poverty or depression.", "3. To obtain a judgment in law; to succeed in a lawsuit. The plaintiff has recovered in his suit."], "recovered": ["RECOVERED, pp. Regained; restored obtained by judicial decision."], "recovering": ["RECOVERING, ppr. Regaining; obtaining in return or by judgment in law; regaining health."], "red": ["RED, a. Gr red, and a rose, from its color. Heb. to descend, to bring down. L. gradior, also to correct, to teach, erudio.", "Of a bright color, resembling blood. Red is a simple or primary color, but of several different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, &c. We say red color, red cloth, red flame, red eyes, red cheeks, red lead, &c.", "Red book of the exchequer, an ancient English record or manuscript containing various treatises relating to the times before the conquest.", "Red men, red people, red children, the aboriginals of America, as distinguished from the whites.", "RED, n. A red color; as a brighter color, the best of all the reds."], "redness": ["RED'NESS, n. See Red. The quality of being red; red color."], "reddish": ["RED'DISH, a. Somewhat red; moderately red. Lev. 13."], "reddishness": ["RED'DISHNESS, n. Redness in a moderate degree."], "redeem": ["REDEE'M, v.t. L. redimo; red, re, and emo, to obtain or purchase.", "1. To purchase back; to ransom; to liberate or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying an equivalent; as, to redeem prisoners or captured goods; to redeem a pledge.", "2. To repurchase what has been sold; to regain possession of a thing alienated, by repaying the value of it to the possessor.", "If a man shall sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold.", "Lev. 25.", "3. To rescue; to recover; to deliver from.", "Th' Almighty from the grave hath me redeem'd.", "Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. Ps. 25. Deut. 7.", "The mass of earth not yet redeemed from chaos.", "4. To compensate; to make amends for.", "It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows.", "By lesser ills the greater to redeem.", "5. To free by making atonement.", "Thou hast one daughter who redeems nature from the general curse.", "6. To pay the penalty of.", "Which of you will be mortal to redeem man's mortal crime?", "7. To save.", "He could not have redeemed a portion of his time for contemplating the powers of nature.", "8. To perform what has been promised; to make good by performance. He has redeemed his pledge or promise.", "9. In law, to recall an estate, or to obtain the right to re-enter upon a mortgaged estate by paying to the mortgagee his principal, interest, and expenses or costs.", "10. In theology, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law, by obedience and suffering in the place of the sinner, or by doing and suffering that which is accepted in lieu of the sinner's obedience.", "Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us. Gal. 3. Titus 2.", "11. In commerce, to purchase or pay the value in specie, of any promissory note, bill or other evidence of debt, given by the state, by a company or corporation, or by an individual. The credit of a state, a banking company or individuals, is good when they can redeem all their stock, notes or bills, at par.", "To redeem time, is to use more diligence in the improvement of it; to be diligent and active in duty and preparation. Eph. 5."], "redeemable": ["REDEE'MABLE, a.", "1. That may be redeemed; capable of redemption.", "2. That may be purchased or paid for in gold and silver, and brought into the possession of government or the original promiser.", "The capital of the debt of the United States may be considered in the light of an annuity redeemable at the pleasure of the government."], "redeemableness": ["REDEE'MABLENESS, n. The state of being redeemable."], "redeemed": ["REDEE'MED, pp. Ransomed; delivered from bondage, distress, penalty, liability, or from the possession of another, by paying an equivalent."], "redeemer": ["REDEE'MER, n.", "1. One who redeems or ransoms.", "2. The Savior of the world, JESUS CHRIST."], "redeeming": ["REDEE'MING, ppr. Ransoming; procuring deliverance from captivity, capture, bondage, sin, distress or liability to suffer, by the payment of an equivalent."], "redemption": ["REDEMP'TION, n. L. redemptio. See Redeem.", "1. Repurchase of captured goods or prisoners; the act of procuring the deliverance of persons or things from the possession and power of captors by the payment of an equivalent; ransom; release; as the redemption of prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and cargo.", "2. Deliverance from bondage, distress, or from liability to any evil or forfeiture, either by money, labor or other means.", "3. Repurchase, as of lands alienated. Lev. 25. Jer. 32.", "4. The liberation of an estate from a mortgage; or the purchase of the right to re-enter upon it by paying the principal sum for which it was mortgaged with interest and cost; also, the right of redeeming and re-entering.", "5. Repurchase of notes, bills or other evidence of debt by paying their value in specie to their holders.", "6. In theology, the purchase of God's favor by the death and sufferings of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law by the atonement of Christ.", "In whom we have redemption through his blood. Eph. 1.", "Col. 1."], "redound": ["REDOUND, v.i. L. redundo; red, re, and undo, to rise or swell, as waves.", "1. To be sent, rolled or driven back.", "The evil, soon driven back, redounded as a flood on those from whom it sprung.", "2. To conduce in the consequence; to contribute; to result.", "The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds to God the author of it.", "3. To proceed in the consequence or effect; to result.", "There will no small use redound from them to that manufactures."], "redounding": ["REDOUND'ING, ppr. Conducing; contributing; resulting."], "reed": ["REED, n.", "1. The common name of many aquatic plants; most of them large grasses, with hollow jointed stems, such as the common reed of the genus Arundo, the bamboo, &c. The bur-reed is of the genus Sparganium; the Indian Flowering reed of the genus Canna.", "2. A musical pipe; reeds being anciently used for instruments of music.", "3. A little tube through which a hautboy, bassoon or clarinet is blown.", "4. An arrow, as made of a reed headed.", "5. Thatch."], "reeded": ["REE'DED, a.", "1. Covered with reeds.", "2. Formed with channels and ridges like reeds."], "reel": ["REEL, n. See Reel, to stagger.", "1. A frame or machine turning on an axis, and on which yarn is extended for winding, either into skeins, or from skeins on to spools and quills. On a reel also seamen wind their log-lines, &c.", "2. A kind of dance.", "REEL, v.t. To gather yarn from the spindle.", "REEL, v.i.", "To stagger; to incline or move in walking, first to one side and then to the other; to vacillate.", "He with heavy fumes opprest, reel'd from the palace and retir'd to rest.", "They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man.", "Ps. 107."], "refine": ["REFI'NE, v.t.", "1. To purify; in a general sense; applied to liquors, to depurate; to defecate; to clarify; to separate, as liquor, from all extraneous matter. In this sense, the verb is used with propriety, but it is customary to use fine.", "2. Applied to metals, to separate the metallic substance from all other matter, whether another metal or alloy, or any earthy substance; in short, to detach the pure metal from all extraneous matter.", "I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined. Zech. 13.", "3. To purify, as manners, from what is gross, clownish or vulgar; to polish; to make elegant. We expect to see refined manners in courts.", "4. To purify, as language, by removing vulgar words and barbarisms.", "5. To purify, as taste; to give a nice and delicate perception of beauty and propriety in literature and the arts.", "6. To purify, as the mind or moral principles; to give or implant in the mind a nice perception of truth, justice and propriety in commerce and social intercourse. This nice perception of what is right constitutes rectitude of principle, or moral refinement of mind; and a correspondent practice of social duties, constitutes rectitude of conduct or purity of morals. Hence we speak of a refined mind, refined morals, refined principles.", "To refine the heart or soul, to cleanse it from all carnal or evil affections and desires and implant in it holy or heavenly affections.", "REFI'NE, v.i.", "1. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or in any thing that constitutes excellence.", "Chaucer refined on Boccace and mended his stories.", "Let a lord but own the happy lines, how the wit brightens, how the sense refines!", "2. to become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.", "So the pure limpid stream, when foul with stains, works itself clear, and as it runs, refines.", "3. To affect nicety. Men sometimes refine in speculation beyond the limits of practical truth.", "He makes another paragraph about our refining in controversy."], "refined": ["REFI'NED, pp. Purified; separated from extraneous matter; assayed, as metals; clarified, as liquors; polished; separated from what is coarse, rude or improper."], "refinement": ["REFI'NEMENT, n.", "1. The act of purifying by separating from a substance all extraneous matter; a clearing from dross, dregs or recrement; as the refinement of metals or liquors.", "2. The state of being pure.", "The more bodies are of a kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, the more diffusive are they.", "3. Polish of language; elegance; purity.", "From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in our language have not equaled its refinements.", "4. Polish of manners; elegance; nice observance of the civilities of social intercourse and of graceful decorum. Refinement of manners is often found in persons of corrupt morals.", "5. Purity of taste; nice perception of beauty and propriety in literature and the arts.", "6. Purity of mind and morals; nice perception and observance of rectitude in moral principles and practice.", "7. Purity of heart; the state of the heart purified from sensual and evil affections. This refinement is the effect of christian principles.", "8. Artificial practice; subtilty; as the refinements of cunning.", "9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant improvement; as the refinements of reasoning or philosophy."], "refiner": ["REFI'NER, n.", "1. One that refines metals or other things.", "2. An improver in purity and elegance; as a refiner of language.", "3. An inventor of superfluous subtilities; one is who over nice in discrimination, in argument, reasoning, philosophy, &c."], "refining": ["REFI'NING, ppr. Purifying; separating from alloy or any extraneous matter; polishing; improving in accuracy, delicacy or purity."], "reform": ["REFORM', v.t. L. reformo; re and formo, to form.", "1. To change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; to restore to a former good state, or to bring from a bad to a good state; as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals.", "The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age, but that of a good one will not reform it.", "2. To change from bad to good; to remove that which is bad or corrupt; as, to reform abuses; to reform the vices of the age.", "REFORM', v.i. To abandon that which is evil or corrupt, and return to a good state; to be amended or corrected. A man of settled habits of vice will seldom reform."], "reformation": ["REF'ORMATION, n.", "1. The act of reforming; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of any thing vicious or corrupt; as the reformation of manners; reformation of the age; reformation of abuses.", "Satire lashes vice into reformation.", "2. By way of eminence, the change of religion from the corruptions of popery to its primitive purity, begun by Luther, A.D. 1517."], "reformed": ["REFORM'ED, pp. Corrected; amended; restored to a good state; as a reformed profligate; the reformed church."], "reformer": ["REFORM'ER, n.", "1. One who effects a reformation or amendment; as a reformer of manners or of abuses.", "2. One of those who commenced the reformation of religion from popish corruption; as Luther, Melancthon, Zuinglius and Calvin."], "reforming": ["REFORM'ING, ppr. Correcting what is wrong; amending; restoring to a good state."], "refrain": ["REFRA'IN, v.t. L. refaeno; re and fraeno, to curb; fraenum, a rein. See Rein.", "To hold back; to restrain; to keep from action.", "My son - refrain thy foot from their path. Prov. 1.", "Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by. Gen. 45.", "REFRA'IN, v.i. To forbear; to abstain; to keep one's self from action or interference.", "Refrain from these men and let them alone. Acts 5.", "REFRA'IN, n. The burden of a song; a kind of musical repetition."], "refrained": ["REFRA'INED, pp. Held back; restrained."], "refraining": ["REFRA'INING, ppr. Holding back; forbearing."], "refresh": ["REFRESH', v.t. See Fresh.", "1. To cool; to allay heat.", "A dew coming after a heat refresheth.", "2. To give new strength to; to invigorate; to relieve after fatigue; as, to refresh the body. A man or a beast is refreshed by food and rest. Ex. 23.", "3. To revive; to reanimate after depression; to cheer; to enliven.", "For they have refreshed my spirit and yours. 1Cor. 16.", "4. To improve by new touches any thing impaired.", "The rest refresh the scaly snakes.", "5. To revive what is drooping; as, rain refreshes the plants.", "REFRESH', n. Act of refreshing. Not used."], "refreshed": ["REFRESH'ED, pp. Cooled; invigorated; revived; cheered."], "refresher": ["REFRESH'ER, n. He or that which refreshes, revives or invigorates."], "refreshing": ["REFRESH'ING, ppr. or a. Cooling; invigorating; reviving; reanimating.", "REFRESH'ING, n. Refreshment; relief after fatigue or suffering."], "refreshment": ["REFRESH'MENT, n.", "1. Act of refreshing; or new strength or vigor received after fatigue; relief after suffering; applied to the body.", "2. New life or animation after depression; applied to the mind or spirits.", "3. That which gives fresh strength or vigor, as food or rest."], "refuge": ["REF'UGE, n. L. refugium, refugio; re and fugio, to flee.", "1. Shelter or protection from danger or distress.", "- Rocks, dens and caves, but I in none of these find place or refuge.", "We have made lies our refuge. Is. 28.", "- We might have strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold on the hope set before us. Heb. 6.", "2. That which shelters or protects from danger, distress or calamity; a strong hold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness; any place inaccessible to an enemy.", "The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats. Ps. 104.", "The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed. Ps. 9.", "3. An expedient to secure protection or defense.", "This last old man - their latest refuge was to send to him.", "4. Expedient, in general.", "Light must be supplied, among graceful refuges, by terracing any story in danger of darkness.", "Cities of refuge, among the Israelites, certain cities appointed to secure the safety of such persons as might commit homicide without design. Of these there were three on each side of Jordan. Josh. 20.", "REF'UGE, v.t. To shelter; to protect."], "refusable": ["REFU'SABLE, a. s as z. from refuse. That may be refused."], "refusal": ["REFU'SAL, n. s as z.", "1. The act of refusing; denial of any thing demanded, solicited or offered for acceptance. The first refusal is not always proof that the request will not be ultimately granted.", "2. The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or refusing; option; pre-emption. We say, a man has the refusal of a farm or a horse, or the refusal of an employment."], "refuse": ["REFU'SE, v.t. s as z. L. recuso; re and the root of causor, to accuse; causa, cause. The primary sense of causor is to drive, to throw or thrust at, and recuso is to drive back, to repel or repulse, the sense of refuse.", "1. To deny a request, demand, invitation or command; to decline to do or grant what is solicited, claimed or commanded.", "Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border. Num. 20.", "2. To decline to accept what is offered; as, to refuse an office; to refuse an offer.", "If they refuse to take the cup at thy hand - Jer. 25.", "3. To reject; as, to refuse instruction or reproof.", "Prov. 10.", "The stone which the builders refused is become the head of the corner. Ps. 118.", "Note - Refuse expenses rejection more strongly than decline.", "REFU'SE, v.i. s as z. To decline to accept; not to comply.", "Too proud to ask, to humble too refuse."], "refused": ["REFU'SED, pp. Denied; rejected; not accepted."], "refuser": ["REFU'SER, n. One that refuses or rejects."], "refusing": ["REFU'SING, ppr. Denying; declining to accept; rejecting."], "regard": ["REG'ARD, v.t.", "1. To look towards; to point or be directed.", "It is a peninsula which regardeth the main land.", "2. To observe; to notice with some particularity.", "If much you note him, you offend him; feed and regard him not.", "3. To attend to with respect and estimation; to value.", "This aspect of mine, the best regarded virgins of your clime have lov'd.", "4. To attend to as a thing that affects our interest or happiness; to fix the mind on as a matter of importance. He does not regard the pain he feels. He does not regard the loss he has suffered. He regards only the interest of the community.", "5. To esteem; to hold in respect and affection. The people regard their pastor, and treat him with great kindness. 2Kings 3.", "6. To keep; to observe with religious or solemn attention.", "He that regardeth the day, regardeth it to the Lord.", "Rom. 14.", "7. To attend to as something to influence our conduct.", "He that regardeth the clouds shall not reap. Eccles. 11.", "8. To consider seriously; to lay to heart.", "They regard not the work of the Lord. Is. 5.", "9. To notice with pity or concern. Deut. 28.", "10. To notice favorably or with acceptance; to hear and answer.", "He will regard the prayer of the destitute. Ps. 102.", "11. To love and esteem; to practice; as, to regard iniquity in the heart. Ps. 64.", "12. To respect; to have relation to. The argument does not regard the question.", "To regard the person, to value for outward honor, wealth or power. Matt. 22.", "REG'ARD, n.", "1. Look; aspect directed to another.", "But her with stern regard he thus repell'd.", "Nearly or quite obsolete.", "2. Attention of the mind; respect in relation to something. He has no regard to the interest of society; his motives are wholly selfish.", "3. Respect; esteem; reverence; that view of the mind which springs from value, estimable qualities, or any thing that excites admiration.", "With some regard to what is just and right they'll lead their lives.", "To him they had regard, because of long time he had bewitched them with sorceries. Act. 8.", "4. Respect; account.", "Change was thought necessary, in regard of the injury the church received by a number of things then in use.", "5. Relation; reference.", "To persuade them to pursue and preserve in virtue, in regard to themselves; in justice and goodness, in regard to their neighbors; and piety towards God.", "6. Note; eminence; account.", "Mac Ferlagh was a man of meanest regard among them.", "7. Matter demanding notice.", "8. Prospect; object of sight. Not proper nor in use.", "9. In the forest laws, view; inspection.", "Court of regard, or survey of dogs, a forest court in England, held every third year for the lawing or expeditation of mastifs, that is, for cutting off the claws and ball of the fore feet, to prevent them from running after deer."], "regardable": ["REG'ARDABLE, a. Observable; worthy of notice."], "regardant": ["REG'ARDANT, a.", "1. In law, a villain regardant is one annexed to the manor or land.", "2. In heraldry, looking behind, as a lion or other beast."], "regarded": ["REG'ARDED, pp. Noticed; observed; esteemed; respected."], "regarder": ["REG'ARDER, n.", "1. One that regards.", "2. In law, the regarder of the forest is an officer whose business is to view the forest, inspect the officers, and inquire of all offenses and defaults."], "regardful": ["REG'ARDFUL, a. Taking notice; heedful; observing with care; attentive.", "Let a man be very tender and regardful of every pious motion made by the Spirit of God on his heart."], "regarding": ["REG'ARDING, ppr.", "1. Noticing; considering with care; attending to; observing; esteeming; caring for.", "2. Respecting; concerning; relating to."], "regenerate": ["REGEN'ERATE, v.t. L. regenero; re and genero. See Generate.", "1. To generate or produce anew; to reproduce.", "Through all the soil a genial ferment spreads, regenerates the plants and new adorns the meads.", "2. In theology, to renew the heart by a change of affections; to change the heart and affections from natural enmity to the love of God; to implant holy affections in the heart.", "REGEN'ERATE, a. L. regeneratus.", "1. Reproduced.", "2. Born anew; renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual state."], "regenerated": ["REGEN'ERATED, pp.", "1. Reproduced.", "2. Renewed; born again."], "regenerateness": ["REGEN'ERATENESS, n. The state of being regenerated."], "regenerating": ["REGEN'ERATING, ppr.", "1. Reproducing.", "2. Renovating the nature by the implantation of holy affections in the heart."], "regeneration": ["REGENERA'TION, n.", "1. Reproduction; the act of producing anew.", "2. In theology, new birth by the grace of God; that change by which the will and natural enmity of man to God and his law are subdued, and a principle of supreme love to God and his law, or holy affections, are implanted in the heart.", "He saved us by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit. Titus 3."], "region": ["REGION, n. re'jun. L. regio, rego.", "1. A tract of land or space of indefinite extent, usually a tract of considerable extent. It is sometimes nearly synonymous with country; as all the region of Argob. Deut. 3.", "He had dominion over all the region on this side the river. 1Kings 4.", "So we speak of the airy region, the etherial regions, the upper regions, the lower regions.", "2. The inhabitants of a region or district of country. Matt. 3.", "3. A part of the body; as the region of the heart or liver.", "4. Place; rank.", "He is of too high a region. Unusual."], "register": ["REG'ISTER, n. Low L. registrum, from regero, to set down in writing; re and gero, to carry.", "1. A written account or entry of acts, judgments or proceedings, for preserving and conveying to future times an exact knowledge of transactions. The word appropriately denotes an official account of the proceedings of a public body, a prince, a legislature, a court an incorporated company and the like, and in this use it is synonymous with record. But in a lax sense, it signifies any account entered on paper to preserve the remembrance of what is done.", "2. The book in which a register or record is kept, as a parish register; also, a list, as the register of seamen.", "3. Low L. registrarius. The officer or person whose business is to write or enter in a book accounts of transactions, particularly of the acts and proceedings of courts or other public bodies; as the register of a court of probate; a register of deeds.", "4. In chimistry and the arts, an aperture with a lid, stopper or sliding plate, in a furnace.", "stove, &c. for regulating the admission of air and the heat of the fire.", "5. The inner part of the mold in which types are cast.", "6. In printing, the correspondence of columns on the opposite sides of the sheet.", "7. A sliding piece of wood, used as a stop in an organ.", "Parish register, a book in which are recorded the baptisms of children and the marriages and burials of the parish.", "Register ship, a ship which obtains permission to trade to the Spanish West Indies and is registered before sailing.", "REG'ISTER, v.t.", "1. To record; to write in a book for preserving an exact account of facts and proceedings. The Greeks and Romans registered the names of all children born.", "2. To enroll; to enter in a list."], "rehearsal": ["REHEARSAL, n. rehers'al. from rehearse.", "1. Recital; repetition of the words of another or of a written work; as the rehearsal of the Lord's prayer.", "2. Narration; a telling or recounting, as of particulars in detail; as the rehearsal of a soldier's adventures.", "3. The recital of a place before the public exhibition of it; as the rehearsal of a comedy."], "rehearse": ["REHEARSE, v.t. rehers.'", "1. To recite; to repeat the words of a passage or composition; to repeat the words of another.", "When the words were heard which David spoke, they rehearsed them before Saul. 1Sam. 17.", "2. To narrate or recount events or transactions.", "There shall they rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord. Judges 5. Acts 11.", "3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, before a public representation; as, to rehearse a tragedy."], "rehearsed": ["REHEARSED, pp. rehers'ed. Recited; repeated; as words; narrated."], "rehearser": ["REHEARSER, n. rehers'er. One who recites or narrates."], "rehearsing": ["REHEARSING, ppr. rehers'ing. Reciting; repeating words; recounting; telling; narrating."], "reign": ["REIGN, v.i. rane. L. regno, a derivative of rego, regnum.", "1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or authority; to rule; to exercise government, as a king or emperor; or to hold the supreme power. George the third reigned over Great Britain more than fifty years.", "Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness. Is. 32.", "2. To be predominant; to prevail.", "Pestilent diseases which commonly reign in summer or autumn.", "3. To rule; to have superior or uncontrolled dominion. Romans 6.", "This word is never applied to the exercise of supreme power by a legislative body or the executive administration, in the United States.", "REIGN, n. rane. L. regnum.", "1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty.", "He who like a father held his reign.", "2. The time during which a king, queen or emperor possesses the supreme authority. The Spanish armada was equipped to invade England in the reign of queen Elizabeth. Magna Charta was obtained in the reign of king John.", "3. Kingdom; dominion.", "Saturn's sons received the threefold reign of heav'n, of ocean, and deep hell beneath.", "4. Power; influence.", "5. Prevalence."], "reigning": ["REIGNING, ppr. ra'ning.", "1. Holding or exercising supreme power; ruling; governing as king, queen or emperor.", "2. a. Predominating; prevailing; as a reigning vice or disease."], "rein": ["REIN, n. L. retina, retinaculum. If contracted from the Latin, it is from retineo, otherwise from the root of arrest.", "1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the rider of a horse restrains and governs him.", "2. The instrument of curbing, restraining or governing; government.", "To give the reins, to give license; to leave without restraint.", "To take the reins, to take the guidance or government.", "REIN, v.t.", "1. To govern by a bridle.", "2. To restrain; to control."], "reins": ["REINS, n. plu. L. ren, renes.", "1. The kidneys; the lower part of the back.", "2. In Scripture, the inward parts; the heart, or seat of the affections and passions. Ps. 73."], "reject": ["REJECT', v.t. L. rejicio, rejectus, re and jacio, to throw.", "1. To throw away, as any thing useless or vile.", "2. To cast off.", "Have I rejected those that me ador'd?", "3. To cast off; to forsake. Jer. 7.", "4. To refuse to receive; to slight; to despise.", "Because thou has rejected knowledge, I will reject thee. Hos. 4. 1Sam. 15.", "5. To refuse to grant; as, to reject a prayer or request.", "6. To refuse to accept; as, to reject an offer."], "rejectable": ["REJECT'ABLE, a. That may be rejected."], "rejected": ["REJECT'ED, pp. Thrown away; cast off; refused; slighted."], "rejecter": ["REJECT'ER, n. One that rejects or refuses."], "rejecting": ["REJECT'ING, ppr. Throwing away; casting off; refusing to grant or accept; slighting."], "rejection": ["REJEC'TION, n. L. rejectio. The act of throwing away; the act of casting off or forsaking; refusal to accept or grant."], "rejective": ["REJECT'IVE, a. That rejects, or tends to cast off."], "rejectment": ["REJECT'MENT, n. Matter thrown away."], "rejoice": ["REJOICE, v.i. rejois'.", "To experience joy and gladness in a high degree; to be exhilarated with lively and pleasurable sensations; to exult.", "When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice; but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn. Prov. 29.", "I will rejoice in thy salvation. Ps. 9.", "REJOICE, v.t. rejois'. To make joyful; to gladden; to animate with lively pleasurable sensations; to exhilarate.", "Whoso loveth wisdom rejoiceth his father. Prov. 29.", "While she, great saint, rejoices heaven."], "rejoiced": ["REJOIC'ED, pp. Made glad; exhilarated."], "rejoicer": ["REJOIC'ER, n. One that rejoices."], "rejoicing": ["REJOIC'ING, ppr. Animating with gladness; exhilarating; feeling joy.", "REJOIC'ING, ppr. Animating with gladness; exhilarating; feeling joy.", "REJOIC'ING, n.", "1. The act of expressing joy and gladness.", "The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous. Ps. 118.", "2. The subject of joy.", "Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they are the rejoicing of my heart. Ps. 119.", "3. The experience of joy. Gal. 6."], "rejoicingly": ["REJOIC'INGLY, adv. With joy or exultation."], "release": ["RELE'ASE, v.t.", "1. To set free from restraint of any kind, either physical or moral; to liberate from prison, confinement or servitude.", "Matt. 15. Mark 15.", "2. To free from pain, care, trouble, grief, &c.", "3. To free from obligation or penalty; as, to release one from debt, from a promise or covenant.", "4. To quit; to let go, as a legal claim; as, to release a debt or forfeiture. Deut. 15.", "5. To discharge or relinquish a right to lands or tenements, by conveying it to another that has some right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant in possession; when one co-parcener releases his right to the other; or the mortgagee releases his claim to the mortgager.", "6. To relax. Not in use.", "RELE'ASE, n.", "1. Liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as from confinement or bondage.", "2. Liberation from care, pain or any burden.", "3. Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty or claim of any kind; acquittance.", "4. In law, a release or deed of release is a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a quitclaim. The efficient words in such an instrument are, \"remised, released, and forever quitclaimed.\""], "released": ["RELE'ASED, pp. Set free from confinement; freed from obligation or liability; freed from pain; quitclaimed."], "releasement": ["RELE'ASEMENT, n. The act of releasing from confinement or obligation."], "releaser": ["RELE'ASER, n. One who releases."], "releasing": ["RELE'ASING, ppr. Liberating from confinement or restraint; freeing from obligation or responsibility, or from pain or other evil; quitclaiming."], "relief": ["RELIE'F, n.", "1. The removal, in whole or in part, of any evil that afflicts the body of mind; the removal or alleviation of pain, grief, want, care, anxiety, toil or distress, or of any thing oppressive or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained. Rest gives relief to the body when weary; an anodyne gives relief from pain; the sympathy of friends affords some relief to the distressed; a loan of money to a man embarrassed may afford him a temporary relief; medicines which will not cure a disease, sometimes give a partial relief. A complete relief from the troubles of life is never to be expected.", "2. That which mitigates or removes pain, grief or other evil.", "3. The dismission of a sentinel from his post, whose place is supplied by another soldier; also, the person who takes his place.", "4. In sculpture, &c. the projecture or prominence of a figure above or beyond the ground or plane on which it is formed. Relief is of three kinds; high relief alto relievo; low relief basso relievo; and demi relief demi relievo. The difference is in the degree of projecture. High relief is formed from nature, as when a figure projects as much as the life. Low relief is when the figure projects but little, as in medals, festoons, foliages and other ornaments. Demi relief is when one half of the figure rises from the plane.", "5. In painting, the appearance of projection, or the degree of boldness which a figure exhibits to the eye at a distance.", "6. In feudal law, a fine or composition which the heir of a tenant, holding by knight's service or other tenure, paid to the lord at the death of the ancestor, for the privilege of taking up the estate which, on strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the tenant. This relief consisted of horses, arms, money and the like, the amount of which was originally arbitrary, but afterwards fixed at a certain rate by law. It is not payable, unless the heir at the death of his ancestor had attained to the age of twenty one years.", "7. A remedy, partial or total, for any wrong suffered; redress; indemnification. He applied to chancery, but could get no relief. He petitioned the legislature and obtained relief.", "8. The exposure of any thing by the proximity of something else."], "relievable": ["RELIE'VABLE, a. Capable of being relieved; that may receive relief."], "relieve": ["RELIE'VE, v.t. L. relevo. See Relief.", "1. To free, wholly or partially, from pain, grief, want, anxiety, care, toil, trouble, burden, oppression or any thing that is considered to be an evil; to ease of any thing that pains the body or distresses the mind. Repose relieves the wearied body; a supply of provisions relieves a family in want; medicines may relieve the sick man, even when they do not cure him. We all desire to be relieved from anxiety and from heavy taxes. Law or duty, or both, require that we should relieve the poor and destitute.", "2. To alleviate or remove; as when we say, to relieve pain or distress; to relieve the wants of the poor.", "3. To dismiss from a post or station, as sentinels, a guard or ships, and station others in their place. Sentinels are generally relieved every two hours; a guard is usually relieved once in twenty four hours.", "4. To right; to ease of any burden, wrong or oppression by judicial or legislative interposition, by the removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses and the like.", "5. To abate the inconvenience of any thing by change, or by the interposition of something dissimilar. The moon relieves the luster of the sun with a milder light.", "The poet must not encumber his poem with, too much business, but sometimes relieve the subject with a moral reflection.", "6. To assist; to support.", "Parallels or like relations alternately relieve each other; when neither will pass asunder, yet are they plausible together."], "relieved": ["RELIE'VED, pp.", "1. Freed from pain or other evil; eased or cured; aided; succored; dismissed from watching.", "2. Alleviated or removed; as pain or distress."], "reliever": ["RELIE'VER, n. One that relieves; he or that which gives ease."], "relieving": ["RELIE'VING, ppr. Removing pain or distress, or abating the violence of it; easing; curing; assisting; dismissing from a post, as a sentinel; supporting."], "religion": ["RELIGION, n. relij'on. L. religio, from religo, to bind anew; re and ligo, to bind. This word seems originally to have signified an oath or vow to the gods, or the obligation of such an oath or vow, which was held very sacred by the Romans.", "1. Religion, in its most comprehensive sense, includes a belief in the being and perfections of God, in the revelation of his will to man, in man's obligation to obey his commands, in a state of reward and punishment, and in man's accountableness to God; and also true godliness or piety of life, with the practice of all moral duties. It therefore comprehends theology, as a system of doctrines or principles, as well as practical piety; for the practice of moral duties without a belief in a divine lawgiver, and without reference to his will or commands, is not religion.", "2. Religion, as distinct from theology, is godliness or real piety in practice, consisting in the performance of all known duties to God and our fellow men, in obedience to divine command, or from love to God and his law. James 1.", "3. Religion, as distinct from virtue, or morality, consists in the performance of the duties we owe directly to God, from a principle of obedience to his will. Hence we often speak of religion and virtue, as different branches of one system, or the duties of the first and second tables of the law.", "Let us with caution indulge the supposition, that morality can be maintained without religion.", "4. Any system of faith and worship. In this sense, religion comprehends the belief and worship of pagans and Mohammedans, as well as of christians; any religion consisting in the belief of a superior power or powers governing the world, and in the worship of such power or powers. Thus we speak of the religion of the Turks, of the Hindoos, of the Indians, &c. as well as of the christian religion. We speak of false religion, as well as of true religion.", "5. The rites of religion; in the plural."], "religious": ["RELIG'IOUS, a. L. religiosus.", "1. Pertaining or relating to religion; as a religious society; a religious sect; a religious place; religious subjects.", "2. Pious; godly; loving and reverencing the Supreme Being and obeying his precepts; as a religious man.", "3. Devoted to the practice of religion; as a religious life.", "4. Teaching religion; containing religious subject or the doctrines and precepts of religion, or the discussion of topics of religion; as a religious book.", "5. Exact; strict; such as religion requires; as a religious observance of vows or promises.", "6. Engaged by vows to a monastic life; as a religious order or fraternity.", "7. Appropriated to the performance of sacred or religious duties; as a religious house.", "RELIG'IOUS, n. A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concerns and devoted to a life of piety and devotion; a monk or friar; a nun."], "religiously": ["RELIG'IOUSLY, adv.", "1. Piously; with love and reverence to the Supreme Being; in obedience to the divine commands.", "2. According to the rites of religion.", "3. Reverently; with veneration.", "4. Exactly; strictly; conscientiously; as a vow or promise religiously observed."], "religiousness": ["RELIG'IOUSNESS, n. The quality or state of being religious."], "rely": ["RELY', v.i. re and lie, or from the root of lie, lay.", "To rest on something, as the mind when satisfied of the veracity, integrity or ability of persons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence in; to trust in; to depend; with on. We rely on the promise of a man who is known to be upright; we rely on the veracity or fidelity of a tried friend; a prince relies on the affections of his subjects for support, and on the strength of his army for success in war; above all things, we rely on the mercy and promises of God. That which is the ground of confidence, is a certainty or full conviction that satisfies the mind and leaves it at rest, or undisturbed by doubt.", "Because thou has relied on the king of Syria, and not relied on the Lord thy God - 2Chron. 16."], "relying": ["RELY'ING, ppr. Reposing on something, as the mind; confiding in; trusting in; depending."], "remain": ["REMA'IN, v.i. L. remaneo; re and maneo, Gr.", "1. To continue; to rest or abide in a place for a time indefinite. They remained a month in Rome. We remain at an inn for a night, for a week, or a longer time.", "Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown. Gen. 38.", "2. To be left after others have withdrawn; to rest or abide in the same place when others remove, or are lost, destroyed or taken away.", "Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark. Gen. 7.", "3. To be left after a part or others have past. Let our remaining time or years be employed in active duties.", "4. To continue unchanged, or in a particular state. He remains stupid; he remains in a low state of health.", "5. Not to be lost; not to escape; not to be forgotten.", "All my wisdom remained with me.", "6. To be left, out of a greater number or quantity. Part of the debt is paid; that which remains will be on interest.", "That which remaineth over, lay up for you to be kept till the morning. Ex. 16.", "7. To be left as not included or comprised. There remains one argument which has not been considered.", "That an elder brother has power over his brethren, remains to be proved.", "8. To continue in the same state.", "Children thou art, childless remain.", "REMA'IN, v.t. To await; to be left to; as, the easier conquest now remains thee. This is elliptical for remains to thee. Remain is not properly a transitive verb.", "REMA'IN, n. That which is left; a corpse; also, abode. Not used."], "remaining": ["REMA'INING, ppr. Continuing; resting; abiding for an indefinite time; being left after separation and removal of a part, or after loss or destruction, or after a part is passed, as of time."], "remains": ["REMA'INS, n. plu.", "1. That which is left after a part is separated, taken away or destroyed; as the remains of a city or house demolished.", "2. A dead body; a corpse.", "The singular, remain, in the like sense, and in the sense of abode, is entirely obsolete."], "remainder": ["REMA'INDER, n.", "1. Any thing left after the separation and removal of a part.", "If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off clear, the remainder yields no salt.", "The last remainders of unhappy Troy.", "2. Relics; remains; the corpse of a human being. Not now used.", "3. That which is left after a part is past; as the remainder of the day or week; the remainder of the year; the remainder of life.", "4. The sum that is left after subtraction or after any deduction.", "5. In law, an estate limited to take effect and be enjoyed after another estate is determined. A grants land to B for twenty years; remainder to D in fee. If a man by deed or will limits his books or furniture to A for life, with remainder to B, this remainder is good.", "A writ of formedon in remainder, is a writ which lies where a man gives lands to another for life or in tail, with remainder to a third person in tail or in fee, and he who has the particular estate dies without issue heritable, and a stranger intrudes upon him in remainder and keeps him out of possession; in this case, the remainder-man shall have his writ of formedon in the remainder.", "REMA'INDER, a. Remaining; refuse; left; as the remainder biscuit; the remainder viands. Obs."], "remediable": ["REME'DIABLE, a. from remedy. That may be remedied or cured. The evil is believed to be remediable."], "remedial": ["REME'DIAL, a. L. remedialis. Affording a remedy; intended for a remedy, or for the removal of an evil.", "The remedial part of law is so necessary a consequence of the declaratory and directory, that laws without it must be very vague and imperfect. Statutes are declaratory of remedial."], "remediate": ["REME'DIATE, in the sense of remedial, is not in use."], "remedied": ["REM'EDIED, pp. from remedy. Cured; healed; repaired."], "remedy": ["REM'EDY, n. L. remedium; re and medeor, to heal.", "1. That which cures a disease; any medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores health; with for; as a remedy for the gout.", "2. That which counteracts an evil of any kind; with for, to or against; usually with for. Civil government is the remedy for the evils of natural liberty. What remedy can be provided for extravagance in dress? The man who shall invent an effectual remedy for intemperance, will deserve every thing from his fellow men.", "3. That which cures uneasiness.", "Our griefs how swift, our remedies how slow.", "4. That which repairs loss or disaster; reparation.", "In the death of a man there is no remedy."], "remedying": ["REM'EDYING, ppr. Curing; healing; removing; restoring from a bad to a good state."], "remember": ["REMEM'BER, v.t. Low L. rememoror; re and memoror. See Memory.", "1. To have in the mind an idea which had been in the mind before, and which recurs to the mind without effort.", "We are said to remember any thing, when the idea of it arises in the mind with the consciousness that we have had this idea before.", "2. When we use effort to recall an idea, we are said to recollect it. This distinction is not always observed. Hence remember is often used as synonymous with recollect, that is, to call to mind. We say, we cannot remember a fact, when we mean, we cannot recollect it.", "Remember the days of old. Deut. 32.", "3. To bear or keep in mind; to attend to.", "Remember what I warn thee; shun to taste.", "4. To preserve the memory of; to preserve from being forgotten.", "Let them have their wages duly paid, and something over to remember me.", "5. To mention. Not in use.", "6. To put in mind; to remind; as, to remember one of his duty. Not in use.", "7. To think of and consider; to meditate. Ps. 63.", "8. To bear in mind with esteem; or to reward. Eccles. 9.", "9. To bear in mind with praise or admiration; to celebrate. 1Chron. 16.", "10. To bear in mind with favor, care, and regard for the safety or deliverance of any one. Ps. 74. Gen. 8. Gen. 19.", "11. To bear in mind with intent to reward or punish.", "3John 10. Jer. 31.", "12. To bear in mind with confidence; to trust in. Ps. 20.", "13. To bear in mind with the purpose of assisting or relieving. Gal. 2.", "14. To bear in mind with reverence; to obey.", "Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth. Eccles. 12.", "15. To bear in mind with regard; to keep as sacred; to observe.", "Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. 20.", "To remember mercy, is to exercise it. Hab. 3."], "remembered": ["REMEM'BERED, pp. Kept in mind; recollected."], "remembering": ["REMEM'BERING, ppr. Having in mind."], "remembrance": ["REMEM'BRANCE, n.", "1. The retaining or having in mind an idea which had been present before, or an idea which had been previously received from an object when present, and which recurs to the mind afterwards without the presence of its object. Technically, remembrance differs from reminiscence and recollection, as the former implies that an idea occurs to the mind spontaneously, or without much mental exertion. The latter imply the power or the act of recalling ideas which do not spontaneously recur to the", "mind.", "The righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance. Ps. 112.", "Remembrance is when the same idea recurs, without the operation of the like object on the external sensory.", "2. Transmission of a fact from one to another.", "Titan among the heav'ns th' immortal fact display'd, lest the remembrance of his grief should fall.", "3. Account preserved; something to assist the memory.", "Those proceedings and remembrances are in the Tower.", "4. Memorial.", "But in remembrance of so brave a deed, a tomb and funeral honors I decreed.", "5. A token by which one is kept in the memory.", "Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake.", "6. Notice of something absent.", "Let your remembrance still apply to Banquo.", "7. Power of remembering; limit of time within which a fact can be remembered; as when we say, an event took place before our remembrance, or since our remembrance.", "8. Honorable memory. Not in use.", "9. Admonition.", "10. Memorandum; a note to help the memory."], "remiss": ["REMISS', a. L. remissus, supra.", "1. Slack; dilatory; negligent; not performing duty or business; not complying with engagements at all, or not in due time; as to be remiss in attendance on official duties; remiss in payment of debts.", "2. Slow; slack; languid.", "3. Not intense.", "These nervous, bold; those languid and remiss."], "remissible": ["REMISS'IBLE, a. That may be remitted or forgiven."], "remission": ["REMIS'SION, n. L. remissio, from remitto, to send back.", "1. Abatement; relaxation; moderation; as the remission of extreme rigor.", "2. Abatement; diminution of intensity; as the remission of the sun's heat; the remission of cold; the remission of close study or of labor.", "3. Release; discharge or relinquishment of a claim or right; as the remission of a tax or duty.", "4. In medicine, abatement; a temporary subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as distinguished from intermission, in which the disease leaves the patient entirely for a time.", "5. Forgiveness; pardon; that is, the giving up of the punishment due to a crime; as the remission of sins. Matt. 26. Heb. 9.", "6. The act of sending back. Not in use."], "remissness": ["REMISS'NESS, n. Slackness; slowness; carelessness; negligence; want of ardor or vigor; coldness; want of ardor; want of punctuality; want of attention to any business, duty or engagement in the proper time or with the requisite industry."], "remit": ["REMIT', v.t. L. remitto, to send back; re and mitto, to send.", "1. To relax, as intensity; to make less tense or violent.", "So willingly doth God remit his ire.", "2. To forgive; to surrender the right of punishing a crime; as, to remit punishment.", "3. To pardon, as a fault or crime.", "Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted to them.", "John 20.", "4. To give up; to resign.", "In grievous and inhuman crimes, offenders should be remitted to their prince.", "5. To refer; as a clause that remitted all to the bishop's discretion.", "6. To send back.", "The pris'ner was remitted to the guard.", "7. To transmit money, bills or other thing in payment for goods received. American merchants remit money, bills of exchange or some species of stock, in payment for British goods.", "8. To restore.", "In this case, the law remits him to his ancient and more certain right.", "REMIT', v.i.", "1. To slacken; to become less intense or rigorous.", "When our passions remit, the vehemence of our speech remits too.", "So we say, cold or heat remits.", "2. To abate in violence for a time, without intermission; as, a fever remits at a certain hour every day."], "remitment": ["REMIT'MENT, n.", "1. The act of remitting to custody.", "2. Forgiveness; pardon."], "remitted": ["REMIT'TED, pp. Relaxed; forgiven; pardoned; sent back; referred; given up; transmitted in payment."], "remnant": ["REM'NANT, n. contracted from remanent. See Remain.", "1. Residue; that which is left after the separation, removal or destruction of a part.", "The remnant that are left of the captivity. Neh. 1.", "2. That which remains after a part is done, performed, told or passed.", "The remnant of my tale is of a length to tire your patience.", "Where I may think the remnant of my thoughts.", "REM'NANT, a. Remaining; yet left.", "And quiet dedicate her remnant life to the just duties of a humble wife. Little used."], "removability": ["REMOVABIL'ITY, n. The capacity of being removable from an office or station; capacity of being displaced."], "removable": ["REMOVABLE, a. from remove.", "1. That may be removed from an office or station.", "Such curate is removable at the pleasure of the rector of the mother church.", "2. That may be removed from one place to another."], "removal": ["REMOVAL, n.", "1. The act of moving from one place to another for residence; as the removal of a family.", "2. The act of displacing from an office or post.", "3. The act of curing or putting away; as the removal of a disease.", "4. The state of being removed; change of place.", "5. The act of putting an end to; as the removal of a grievance."], "remove": ["REMOVE, v.t. L. removeo; re and moveo, to move.", "1. To cause to change place; to put from its place in any manner; as, to remove a building.", "Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark. Deut. 19.", "2. To displace from an office.", "3. To take or put away in any manner; to cause to leave a person or thing; to banish or destroy; as, to remove a disease or complaint.", "Remove sorrow from thine heart. Eccles. 11.", "4. To carry from one court to another; as, to remove a cause or suit by appeal.", "5. To take from the present state of being; as, to remove one by death.", "REMOVE, v.i.", "1. To change place in any manner.", "2. To go from one place to another.", "3. To change the place of residence; as, to remove from New York to Philadelphia.", "REMOVE, n.", "1. Change of place.", "2. Translation of one to the place of another.", "3. State of being removed.", "4. Act of moving a man in chess or other game.", "5. Departure; a going away.", "6. The act of changing place; removal.", "7. A step in any scale of gradation.", "A freeholder is but one remove from a legislator.", "8. Any indefinite distance; as a small or great remove.", "9. The act of putting a horse's shoes on different feet.", "10. A dish to be changed while the rest of the course remains.", "11. Susceptibility of being removed. Not in use."], "removed": ["REMOVED, pp.", "1. Changed in place; carried to a distance; displaced from office; placed far off.", "2. a. Remote; separate from others."], "remover": ["REMOVER, n. One that removes; as a remover of landmarks."], "removing": ["REMOVING, ppr. changing place; carrying or going from one place to another; displacing; banishing."], "rend": ["REND, v.t. pret. and pp. rent. Eng. cranny, L. crena, Gr.", "1. To separate any substance into parts with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; as, powder rends a rock in blasting; lightning rends an oak.", "An empire from its old foundation rent.", "I rend my tresses, and by breast I wound.", "Neither rend your clothes, lest ye die. Lev. 10.", "2. To separate or part with violence.", "I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. 1Kings 11.", "To rend the heart, in Scripture, to have bitter sorrow for sin. Joel 2.", "To rend the heavens, to appear in majesty. Is. 64.", "Rend differs somewhat from lacerate. We never say, to lacerate a rock or a kingdom, when we mean to express splitting or division. Lacerate is properly applicable to the tearing off of small pieces of a thing, as to lacerate the body with a whip or scourge; or to the tearing of the flesh or other thing without entire separation."], "render": ["REND'ER, n. from rend. One that tears by violence."], "renderable": ["REN'DERABLE, a. That may be rendered."], "rendered": ["REN'DERED, pp. Returned; paid back; given; assigned; made; translated; surrendered; afforded."], "rendering": ["REN'DERING, ppr. Returning; giving back; assigning; making; translating; surrendering; affording.", "REN'DERING, n. Version; translation."], "renew": ["RENEW', v.t. L. renovo; re and novo, or re and new.", "1. To renovate; to restore to a former state, or to a good state, after decay or depravation; to rebuild; to repair.", "Asa renewed the altar of the Lord. 2Chron. 15.", "2. To re-establish; to confirm.", "Let us go to Gilgal and renew the kingdom there. 1Sam. 11.", "3. To make again; as, to renew a treaty or covenant.", "4. To repeat; as, to renew expressions of friendship; to renew a promise; to renew an attempt.", "5. To revive; as, to renew the glories of an ancestor or of a former age.", "6. To begin again.", "The last great age renews its finish'd course.", "7. To make new; to make fresh or vigorous; as, to renew youth; to renew strength; to renew the face of the earth.", "Ps. 103. Is. 40. Ps. 104.", "8. In theology, to make new; to renovate; to transform; to change from natural enmity to the love of God and his law; to implant holy affections in the heart; to regenerate.", "Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Romans 12. Eph. 4."], "renewable": ["RENEW'ABLE, a. That may be renewed; as a lease renewable at pleasure."], "renewal": ["RENEW'AL, n.", "1. The act of renewing; the act of forming anew; as the renewal of a treaty.", "2. Renovation; regeneration.", "3. Revival; restoration to a former or to a good state."], "renewed": ["RENEW'ED, pp. Made new again; repaired; re-established; repeated; revived; renovated; regenerated."], "renewer": ["RENEW'ER, n. One who renews."], "renewing": ["RENEW'ING, ppr.", "1. Making new again; repairing; re-establishing; repeating; reviving; renovating.", "2. a. Tending or adapted to renovate.", "RENEW'ING, n. The act of making new; renewal."], "renounce": ["RENOUNCE, v.t. renouns'. L. renuncio; re and nuncio, to declare, from the root of nomen, name.", "1. To disown; to disclaim; to reject; as a title or claim; to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to; as, to renounce a title to land or a claim to reward; to renounce all pretensions to applause.", "2. To deny; to cast off; to reject; to disclaim; as an obligation or duty; as, to renounce allegiance.", "3. To cast off or reject, as a connection or possession; to forsake; as, to renounce the world and all its cares.", "We have renounced the hidden things of dishonesty. 2Cor. 4.", "RENOUNCE, v.i. renouns'. To declare a renunciation.", "He of my sons who falls to make it good, by one rebellious act renounces to my blood. Not in use.", "RENOUNCE, n. renouns'. The declining to follow suit, when it can be done."], "renounced": ["RENOUN'CED, pp. Disowned; denied; rejected; disclaimed."], "renouncement": ["RENOUNCEMENT, n. renouns'ment. The act of disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation."], "renouncer": ["RENOUN'CER, n. One who disowns or disclaims."], "renouncing": ["RENOUN'CING, ppr. Disowning; disclaiming; rejecting.", "RENOUN'CING, n. The act of disowning, disclaiming, denying or rejecting."], "renown": ["RENOWN', n.", "Fame; celebrity; exalted reputation derived from the extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments.", "Giants of old, men of renown. Gen. 6. Num. 16.", "RENOWN', v.t. To make famous.", "Soft elocution does thy style renown.", "A bard whom pilfer'd pastorals renown.", "This verb is nearly or quite obsolete."], "renowned": ["RENOWN'ED, a. Famous; celebrated for great and heroic achievements, for distinguished qualities or for grandeur; eminent; as renowned men; a renowned king; a renowned city."], "rent": ["RENT, pp. of rend. Torn asunder; split or burst by violence; torn.", "RENT, n. from rend.", "1. A fissure; a break or breach made by force; as a rent made in the earth, in a rock or in a garment.", "2. A schism; a separation; as a rent in the church.", "RENT, v.t. To tear. See Rend.", "RENT, v.i. To rant. Not in use.", "RENT, n.", "A sum of money, or a certain amount of other valuable thing, issuing yearly from lands or tenements; a compensation or return, in the nature of an acknowledgment, for the possession of a corporeal inheritance.", "Rents, at common law, are of three kinds; rent-service, rent-charge, and rent-seek. Rent-service is when some corporal service is incident to it, as by fealty and a sum of money; rent-charge is when the owner of the rent has no future interest or reversion expectant in the land, but the rent is reserved in the deed by a clause of distress for rent in arrear; rent-seek, dry rent, is rent reserved by deed, but without any clause of distress. There are also rents of assize, certain established rents of free-holders and copy-holders of manors, which cannot be varied; called also quit-rents. These when payable in silver, are called white rents, in contradistinction to rents reserved in work or the baser metals, called black rents, or black mail. Rack-rent is a rent of the full value of the tenement, or near it. A fee farm rent is a rent-charge issuing out of an estate in fee, of at least one fourth of the value of the lands at the time of its reservation.", "RENT, v.t.", "1. To lease; to grant the possession and enjoyment of lands or tenements for a consideration in the nature of rent. The owner of an estate or house rents it to a tenant for a term of years.", "2. To take and hold by lease the possession of land or a tenement, for a consideration in the nature of rent. The tenant rents his estate for a year.", "RENT, v.i. To be leased, or let for rent; as, an estate or a tenement rents for five hundred dollars a year."], "rented": ["RENT'ED, pp. Leased on rent."], "renting": ["RENT'ING, ppr. Leasing on rent; taking on rent."], "repair": ["REPA'IR, v.t. L. reparo; re and paro, to prepare. See Pare.", "1. To restore to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation or partial destruction; as, to repair a house, a wall or a ship; to repair roads and bridges. Temperance and diet may repair a broken or enfeebled constitution. Food repairs the daily waste of the body.", "2. To rebuild a part decayed or destroyed; to fill up; as, to repair a breach.", "3. To make amends, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to indemnify for; as, to repair a loss or damage.", "REPA'IR, n. Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury or partial destruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, materials are collected for the repair of a church or a city.", "REPA'IR, v.i. To go to; to betake one's self; to resort; as, to repair to a sanctuary for safety.", "Go, mount the winds and to the shades repair.", "REPA'IR, n. The act of betaking one's self to any place; a resorting; abode."], "repairable": ["REPA'IRABLE, a. That may be repaired; reparable."], "repaired": ["REPA'IRED, pp. Restored to a good or sound state; rebuilt; made good."], "repairer": ["REPA'IRER, n. One who repairs, restores or makes amends; as the repairer of decay."], "repairing": ["REPA'IRING, ppr. Restoring to a sound state; rebuilding; making amends for loss or injury."], "repay": ["REPA'Y, v.t.", "1. To pay back; to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or advanced.", "2. To make return or requital; in a good or bad sense; as, to repay kindness; to repay an injury.", "Benefits which cannot be repaid - are not commonly found to increase affection.", "3. To recompense, as for a loss.", "4. To compensate; as false honor repaid in contempt."], "repaying": ["REPA'YING, ppr. Paying back; compensating; requiting."], "repeat": ["REPE'AT, v.t. L. repeto; re and peto, to make at or drive towards. this verb ought to be written repete, in analogy with compete, and with repetition.", "1. To do, make, attempt or utter again; to iterate; as, to repeat an action; to repeat an attempt or exertion; to repeat a word or discourse; to repeat a song; to repeat an argument.", "2. To try again.", "I the danger will repeat.", "3. to recite; to rehearse.", "He repeated some lines of Virgil.", "To repeat signals, in the navy, is to make the same signal which the admiral or commander has made, or to make a signal again.", "REPE'AT, n.", "1. In music, a mark directing a part to be repeated in performance.", "2. Repetition."], "repeated": ["REPE'ATED, pp. done, attempted or spoken again; recited."], "repeater": ["REPE'ATER, n.", "1. One that repeats; one that recites or rehearses.", "2. A watch that strikes the hours at will, by the compression of a spring."], "repeating": ["REPE'ATING, ppr. Doing or uttering again."], "repent": ["RE'PENT, a. L. repo, to creep. Creeping; as a repent root.", "REPENT', v. t. Latin re and paeniteo, from paena, pain. Gr. See Pain.", " 1. To feel pain, sorrow or regret for something done or spoken; as, to repent that we have lost much time in idleness or sensual pleasure; to repent that we have injured or wounded the feelings of a friend. A person repents only of what he himself has done or said.", " 2. To express sorrow for something past.", "Enobarbus did before thy face repent ", " 3. To change the mind in consequence of the inconvenience or injury done by past conduct.", " Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return. Exodus 13.", " 4. Applied to the Supreme Being, to change the course of providential dealings. Genesis 6. Psalm 106.", " 5. In theology, to sorrow or be pained for sin, as a violation of God's holy law, a dishonor to his character and government, and the foulest ingratitude to a Being of infinite benevolence.", "Except ye repent ye shall all likewise perish. Luke 13. Acts 3.", "REPENT', v. i.", "1. To remember with sorrow; as, to repent rash words; to repent an injury done to a neighbor; to repent follies and vices. See Repentance.", "2. With the reciprocal pronoun.", "No man repented him of his wickedness. Jer 8."], "repentance": ["REPENT'ANCE, n.", "1. Sorrow for any thing done or said; the pain or grief which a person experiences in consequence of the injury or inconvenience produced by his own conduct.", "2. In theology, the pain, regret or affliction which a person feels on account of his past conduct, because it exposes him to punishment. This sorrow proceeding merely from the fear of punishment, is called legal repentance, as being excited by the terrors of legal penalties, and it may exist without an amendment of life.", "3. Real penitence; sorrow or deep contrition for sin, as an offense and dishonor to God, a violation of his holy law, and the basest ingratitude towards a Being of infinite benevolence. This is called evangelical repentance, and is accompanied and followed by amendment of life.", "Repentance is a change of mind, or a conversion from sin to God.", "Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2Cor. 7. Matt. 3.", "Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice, from conviction that it has offended God."], "repentant": ["REPENT'ANT, a.", "1. Sorrowful for past conduct or words.", "2. Sorrowful for sin.", "3. Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as repentant tears; repentant ashes; repentant sighs.", "REPENT'ANT, n.", "1. One who repents; a penitent.", "2. One that expresses sorrow for sin."], "repenter": ["REPENT'ER, n. One that repents."], "repenting": ["REPENT'ING, ppr. Grieving for what is past; feeling pain or contrition for sin.", "REPENT'ING, n. Act of repenting. Hosea 11."], "repentingly": ["REPENT'INGLY, adv. With repentance."], "repetition": ["REPETI'TION, n. L. repetitio. See Repeat.", "1. The act of doing or uttering a second time; iteration of the same act, or of the same words or sounds.", "2. The act of reciting or rehearsing; the act of reading over.", "3. Recital.", "4. Recital from memory, as distinct from reading.", "5. In music, the art of repeating, singing or playing the same part a second time.", "6. In rhetoric, reiteration, or a repeating the same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience."], "replenish": ["REPLEN'ISH, v.t. L. re and plenus, full.", "1. To fill; to stock with numbers or abundance. The magazines are replenished with corn. The springs are replenished with water.", "Multiply and replenish the earth. Gen. 1.", "2. To finish; to complete. Not in use.", "REPLEN'ISH, v.i. To recover former fullness."], "replenished": ["REPLEN'ISHED, pp. Filled; abundantly supplied."], "replenishing": ["REPLEN'ISHING, ppr. Filling; supplying with abundance."], "reply": ["REPLY', v.i. L. replico; re and plico, to fold, that is, to turn or send to. See apply, Employ and Ply.", "1. To answer; to make a return in words or writing to something said or written by another.", "O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Rom. 9.", "2. In law, to answer a defendant's plea. The defendant pleads in bar to the plaintiff's declaration; the plaintiff replies to the defendant's plea in bar.", "REPLY', v.t. To return for an answer. He knows not what to reply.", "REPLY', n.", "1. An answer; that which is said or written in answer to what is said or written by another.", "2. A book or pamphlet written in answer to another."], "replying": ["REPLY'ING, ppr. Answering either in words or writing."], "report": ["REPORT, v.t. l. reporto, to carry back; re and porto, to bear.", "1. To bear or bring back an answer, or to relate what has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore or investigate; as, a messenger reports to his employer what he has seen or ascertained. The committee reported the whole number of votes.", "2. To give an account of; to relate; to tell.", "They reported his good deeds before me. Neh. 6. Acts 4.", "3. To tell or relate from one to another; to circulate publicly, as a story; as in the common phrase, it is reported.", "It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel. Neh. 6.", "In this form of expression, it refers to the subsequent clause of the sentence; \"that thou and the Jews think to rebel, is reported.\"", "4. To give an official account or statement; as, the secretary of the treasury reports to congress annually the amount of revenue and expenditure.", "5. To give an account or statement of cases and decisions in a court of law or chancery.", "6. To return, as sound; to give back.", "To be reported, or usually, to be reported of, to be well or ill spoken of; to be mentioned with respect or reproach.", "Acts 16. Romans 3.", "REPORT, v.i. To make a statement of facts. The committee will report at twelve o'clock.", "REPORT, n.", "1. An account returned; a statement or relation of facts given in reply to inquiry, or by a person authorized to examine and make return to his employer.", "From Thetis sent as spies to make report.", "2. Rumor; common fame; story circulated. Report, though often originating in fact, soon becomes incorrect, and is seldom deserving of credit. When we have no evidence but popular report, it is prudent to suspend our opinions in regard to the facts.", "3. Repute; public character; as evil report and good report. 2Cor. 6.", "Cornelius was of good report among the Jews. Acts 10.", "4. Account; story; relation.", "It was a true report that I heard in my own land of thy acts and of thy wisdom. 1Kings 10.", "5. Sound; noise; as the report of a pistol or cannon.", "6. An account or statement of a judicial opinion or decision, or of a case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, &c. The books containing such statements are also called reports.", "7. An official statement of facts, verbal or written; particularly, a statement in writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his superiors; as the reports of the heads of departments to congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of committees to a legislative body and the like."], "reported": ["REPORTED, pp. Told, related or stated in answer to inquiry or direction; circulated in popular rumors; reputed; stated officially."], "reporter": ["REPORTER, n.", "1. One that gives an account, verbal or written, official or unofficial.", "2. An officer or person who makes statements of law proceedings and decisions, or of legislative debates."], "reporting": ["REPORTING, ppr. Giving account; relating; presenting statements of facts or of adjudged cases in law."], "reportingly": ["REPORTINGLY, adv. By report or common fame."], "reproach": ["REPROACH, v.t. L. prox, in proximus.", "1. To censure in terms of opprobrium or contempt.", "Mezentius with his ardor warm'd his fainting friends, reproach'd their shameful flight, repell'd the victors.", "2. To charge with a fault in severe language.", "That shame there sit not, and reproach us as unclean.", "3. To upbraid; to suggest blame for any thing. A man's conscience will reproach him for a criminal, mean or unworthy action.", "4. To treat with scorn or contempt. Luke 6.", "REPROACH, n.", "1. Censure mingled with contempt or derision; contumelious or opprobrious language towards any person; abusive reflections; as foul-mouthed reproach.", "2. Shame; infamy; disgrace.", "Give not thine heritage to reproach. Joel 2. Is. 4.", "3. Object of contempt, scorn or derision.", "Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we may be no more a reproach. Neh. 2.", "4. That which is the cause of shame or disgrace. Gen. 30."], "reproachable": ["REPROACHABLE, a.", "1. Deserving reproach.", "2. Opprobrious; scurrilous. Not proper."], "reproached": ["REPROACHED, pp. Censured in terms of contempt; upbraided."], "reproachful": ["REPROACHFUL, a.", "1. Expressing censure with contempt; scurrilous; opprobrious; as reproachful words.", "2. Shameful; bringing or casting reproach; infamous; base; vile; as reproachful conduct; a reproachful life."], "reproachfully": ["REPROACHFULLY, adv.", "1. In terms of reproach; opprobriously; scurrilously", "1Tim. 5.", "2. Shamefully; disgracefully; contemptuously."], "reprobate": ["REPROBATE, a. L. reprobatus, reprobo, to disallow; re and probo, to prove.", "1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected.", "Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath rejected them. Jer. 6.", "2. Abandoned in sin; lost to virtue or grace.", "They profess that they know God, but in works deny him, being abominable and disobedient, and to every good work reprobate. Titus 1.", "3. Abandoned to error, or in apostasy. 2Tim. 3."], "reprobated": ["REP'ROBATED, pp. Disapproved with abhorrence; rejected; abandoned to wickedness or to destruction."], "reprobateness": ["REP'ROBATENESS, n. The state of being reprobate."], "reprobating": ["REP'ROBATING, ppr. Disapproving with extreme dislike; rejecting; abandoning to wickedness or to destruction."], "reprobation": ["REPROBA'TION, n. L. reprobatio.", "1. The act of disallowing with detestation, or of expressing extreme dislike.", "2. The act of abandoning or state of being abandoned to eternal destruction.", "When a sinner is so hardened as to feel no remorse or misgiving of conscience, it is considered as a sign of reprobation.", "3. A condemnatory sentence; rejection.", "Set a brand of reprobation on clipped poetry and false coin."], "reproof": ["REPROOF', n. from reprove.", "1. Blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; reprehension.", "Those best can bear reproof, who merit praise.", "He that hateth reproof is brutish. Prov 12.", "2. Blame cast; censure directed to a person."], "reprovable": ["REPROVABLE, a. from reprove. Worthy of reproof; deserving censure; blamable."], "reprove": ["REPROVE, v.t. L. reprobo; re and probo, to prove.", "1. To blame; to censure.", "I will not reprove thee for thy sacrifices - Ps. 50.", "2. To charge with a fault to the face; to chide; to reprehend. Luke 3.", "3. To blame for; with of; as, to reprove one of laziness.", "4. To convince of a fault, or to make it manifest.", "John 16.", "5. To refute; to disprove. Not in use.", "6. To excite a sense of guilt. The heart or conscience reproves us.", "7. To manifest silent disapprobation or blame.", "The vicious cannot bear the presence of the good, whose very looks reprove them, and whose life is a severe, though silent admonition."], "reproved": ["REPROVED, pp. Blamed; reprehended; convinced of a fault."], "reprover": ["REPROVER, n. One that reproves; he or that which blames. Conscience is a bold reprover."], "reproving": ["REPROVING, ppr. Blaming; censuring."], "reputable": ["REP'UTABLE, a. from repute.", "1. Being in good repute; held in esteem; as a reputable man or character; reputable conduct. It expresses less than respectable and honorable, denoting the good opinion of men, without distinction or great qualities.", "2. Consistent with reputation; not mean or disgraceful. It is evidence of extreme depravity that vice is in any case reputable.", "In the article of danger, it is as reputable to elude an enemy as to defeat one."], "reputableness": ["REP'UTABLENESS, n. The quality of being reputable."], "reputably": ["REP'UTABLY, adv. With reputation; without disgrace or discredit; as, to fill an office reputably."], "reputation": ["REPUTA'TION, n. L. reputatio.", "1. Good name; the credit, honor or character which is derived from a favorable public opinion or esteem. Reputation is a valuable species of property or right, which should never be violated. With the loss of reputation, a man and especially a woman, loses most of the enjoyments of life.", "The best evidence of reputation is a man's whole life.", "2. Character by report; in a good or bad sense; as, a man has the reputation of being rich or poor, or of being a thief."], "repute": ["REPU'TE, v.t. L. reputo; re and puto, to think.", "To think; to account; to hold; to reckon.", "The king was reputed a prince most prudent.", "Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in your sight. Job. 18.", "REPU'TE, n.", "1. Reputation; good character; the credit or honor derived from common or public opinion; as men of repute.", "2. Character; in a bad sense; as a man held in bad repute.", "3. Established opinion; as upheld by old repute."], "reputed": ["REPU'TED, pp. Reckoned; accounted."], "reputing": ["REPU'TING, ppr. Thinking; reckoning; accounting."], "request": ["REQUEST', n. L. requisitus, requiro; re and quaero, to seek. See Quest, Question.", "1. The expression of desire to some person for something to be granted or done; an asking; a petition.", "Haman stood up to make request for his life to Esther the queen. Esther 7.", "2. Prayer; the expression of desire to a superior or to the Almighty. Phil. 4.", "3. The thing asked for or requested.", "I will both hear and grant you your requests.", "He gave them their request; but sent leanness into their soul. Ps. 104.", "4. A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to be sought after or pursued.", "Knowledge and fame were in as great request as wealth among us now.", "In request, in demand; in credit or reputation.", "Coriolanus being now in no request.", "Request expresses less earnestness than entreaty and supplication, and supposes a right in the person requested to deny or refuse to grant. In this it differs from demand.", "REQUEST', v.t.", "1. To ask; to solicit; to express desire for.", "The weight of the golden ear-rings which he requested, was a thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold. Judges. 8.", "2. To express desire to; to ask. We requested a friend to accompany us.", "Court of requests, in England, a court of equity for the relief of such persons as addressed his majesty by supplication.", "3. A court of conscience for the recovery of small debts, held by two aldermen and four commoners, who try causes by the oath of parties and of other witnesses."], "requested": ["REQUEST'ED, pp. Asked; desired; solicited."], "requester": ["REQUEST'ER, n. One who requests; a petitioner."], "requesting": ["REQUEST'ING, ppr. Asking; petitioning."], "requirable": ["REQUI'RABLE, a. from require. That may be required; fit or proper to be demanded."], "require": ["REQUI'RE, v.t. L. requiro; re and quaero, to seek. See Query.", "1. To demand; to ask, as of right and by authority. We require a person to do a thing, and we require a thing to be done.", "Why then doth my lord require this thing? 1Chron. 21.", "2. To claim; to render necessary; as a duty or any thing indispensable; as, the law of God requires strict obedience.", "3. To ask as a favor; to request.", "I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way. Ezra 8.", "In this sense, the word is rarely used.", "4. To call to account for.", "I will require my flock at their hand. Ezek. 34.", "5. To make necessary; to need; to demand.", "The king's business required haste. 1Sam. 21.", "6. To avenge; to take satisfaction for. 1Sam. 20."], "required": ["REQUI'RED, pp. Demanded; needed; necessary."], "requirement": ["REQUI'REMENT, n. Demand; requisition.", "This ruler was one of those who believe that they can fill us every requirement contained in the rule of righteousness.", "The Bristol water is of service where the secretions exceed the requirements of health."], "requirer": ["REQUI'RER, n. One who requires."], "requiring": ["REQUI'RING, ppr. Demanding; needing;"], "requital": ["REQUI'TAL, n. from requite.", "1. Return for any office, good or bad; in a good sense, compensation; recompense; as the requital of services; in a bad sense, retaliation or punishment, as the requital of evil deeds.", "2. Return; reciprocal action.", "No merit their aversion can remove, nor ill requital can efface their love."], "requite": ["REQUI'TE, v.t. from quit, L. cedo.", "1. To repay either good or evil; in a good sense, to recompense; to return an equivalent in good; to reward.", "I also will requite you this kindness. 2Sam. 2. 1Tim. 5.", "In a bad sense, to retaliate; to return evil for evil; to punish.", "Joseph will certainly requite us all the evil which we did to him. Gen. 1.", "2. To do or give in return.", "He hath requited me evil for good. 1Sam. 25."], "requited": ["REQUI'TED, pp. Repaid; recompensed; rewarded."], "requiter": ["REQUI'TER, n. One who requites."], "requiting": ["REQUI'TING, ppr. Recompensing; rewarding; giving in return."], "rescue": ["RESCUE, v.t. res'cu.L. re and quatio.", "To free or deliver from any confinement, violence, danger or evil; to liberate from actual restraint, or to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to evil; as, to rescue a prisoner from an officer; to rescue seamen from destruction by shipwreck.", "So the people rescued Jonathan that he died not.", "1Sam. 14. 30. Ps. 35.", "Cattle taken by distress contrary to law, may be rescued by the owner, while on their way to the pound.", "Estimate the value of one soul rescued from eternal guilt and agony, and destined to grow forever in the knowledge and likeness of God."], "rescued": ["RES'CUED, pp. Delivered from confinement or danger; or forcibly taken from the custody of the law."], "rescuing": ["RES'CUING, ppr. Liberating from restraint or danger; forcibly taking from the custody of the law."], "resemblable": ["RESEM'BLABLE, a. See Resemble. That may be compared. Not in use."], "resemblance": ["RESEM'BLANCE, n. See Resemble.", "1. Likeness; similitude, either of external form or of qualities. We observe a resemblance between persons, a resemblance in shape, a resemblance in manners, a resemblance in dispositions. Painting and poetry bear a great resemblance to each other, as one object of both is to please.", "2. Something similar; similitude; representation.", "These sensible things which religion hath allowed, are resemblances formed according to things spiritual.", "Fairest resemblance of thy Maker fair -"], "resemble": ["RESEM'BLE, v.t. s as z. See similar.", "1. To have the likeness of; to bear the similitude of something, either in form, figure or qualities. One man may resemble another in features; he may resemble a third person in temper or deportment.", "Each one resembled the children of a king. Judges 8.", "2. To liken; to compare; to represent as like something else.", "The torrid parts of Africa are resembled to a libbard's skin, the distance of whose spots represents the dispersed situation of the habitations."], "resembled": ["RESEM'BLED, pp. Likened; compared."], "resembling": ["RESEM'BLING, ppr. Having the likeness of; likening; comparing."], "reservation": ["RESERVA'TION, n. s as z. L. reservo.", "1. The act of reserving or keeping back or in the mind; reserve; concealment or withholding from disclosure; as mental reservation.", "2. Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given up or brought forward.", "With reservation of a hundred knights.", "In the United States, a tract of land not sold with the rest, is called a reservation.", "3. Custody; state of being treasured up or kept in store.", "4. In law, a clause or part of an instrument by which something is reserved, not conceded or granted; also, a proviso.", "Mental reservation is the withholding of expression or disclosure of something that affects a proposition or statement, and which if disclosed, would materially vary its import.", "Mental reservations are the refuge of hypocrites."], "reservative": ["RESERV'ATIVE, a. Keeping; reserving."], "reserve": ["RESERVE, v.t. rezerv'. L. reservo; re and servo, to keep.", "1. To keep in store for future or other use; to withhold from present use for another purpose. The farmer sells his corn, reserving only what is necessary for his family.", "Hast thou seen the treasures of hail, which I have reserved against the day of trouble? Job 38.", "2. To keep; to hold; to retain.", "Will he reserve his anger for ever? Jer. 3.", "3. To lay up and keep for a future time. 2Peter 2.", "Reserve your kind looks and language for private hours.", "RESERVE, n. rezerv'.", "1. That which is kept for other or future use; that which is retained from present use or disposal.", "The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried likewise a reserve in some other vessel for a continual supply.", "2. Something in the mind withheld from disclosure.", "However any one may concur in the general scheme, it is still with certain reserves and deviations.", "3. Exception; something withheld.", "Is knowledge so despis'd? or envy, or what reserve forbids to taste?", "4. Exception in favor.", "Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a reserve.", "5. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior. Reserve may proceed from modesty, bashfulness, prudence, prudery or sullenness.", "My soul surpris'd, and from her sex disjoin'd, left all reserve, and all the sex behind.", "6. In law, reservation.", "In reserve, in store; in keeping for other or future use. He has large quantities of wheat in reserve. He has evidence or arguments in reserve.", "Body of reserve, in military affairs, the third or last line of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to sustain the other lines as occasion may require; a body of troops kept for an exigency."], "reserved": ["RESERV'ED, pp.", "1. Kept for another or future use; retained.", "2. a. Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward in conversation; not free or frank.", "To all obliging, yet reserv'd to all.", "Nothing reserv'd or sullen was to see."], "reserver": ["RESERV'ER, n. One that reserves."], "reserving": ["RESERV'ING, ppr. Keeping back; keeping for other use or for use at a future time; retaining."], "residual": ["RESID'UAL, a. Remaining after a part is taken."], "residue": ["RES'IDUE, n. L. residuus.", "1. That which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed or designated.", "The locusts shall eat the residue of that which has escaped. Ex. 10.", "The residue of them will I deliver to the sword. Jer. 15.", "2. The balance or remainder of a debt or account."], "resist": ["RESIST, v.t. rezist'. L. resisto; re and sisto, to stand.", "1. Literally, to stand against; to withstand; hence, to act in opposition, or to oppose. a dam or mound resists a current of water passively, by standing unmoved and interrupting its progress. An army resists the progress of an enemy actively, by encountering and defeating it. We resist measures by argument or remonstrance.", "Why doth he yet find fault? for who hath resisted his will? Rom. 9.", "2. To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat or frustrate.", "Ye do always resist the Holy Spirit. Act. 7.", "3. To baffle; to disappoint.", "God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble. James 4."], "resistance": ["RESIST'ANCE, n.", "1. The act of resisting; opposition. Resistance is passive, as that of a fixed body which interrupts the passage of a moving body; or active, as in the exertion of force to stop, repel or defeat progress or designs.", "2. The quality of not yielding to force or external impression; that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as the resistance of a ball which receives the force of another; the resistance of wood to a cutting instrument; the resistance of air to the motion of a cannon ball, or of water to the motion of a ship."], "resistant": ["RESIST'ANT, n. he or that which resists."], "resisted": ["RESIST'ED, pp. Opposed; counteracted; withstood."], "resister": ["RESIST'ER, n. One that opposes or withstands."], "resistibility": ["RESISTIBIL'ITY, n.", "1. The quality of resisting.", "The name body, being the complex idea of extension and resistibility together in the same subject -", "2. Quality of being resistible; as the resistibility of grace."], "resistible": ["RESIST'IBLE, a. That may be resisted; as a resistible force; resistible grace."], "resisting": ["RESIST'ING, ppr. withstanding; opposing.", "Resisting medium, a substance which opposes the passage of a body through it."], "resistive": ["RESIST'IVE, a. Having the power to resist."], "resolvable": ["RESOLV'ABLE, a. That may be resolved or reduced to first principles."], "resolve": ["RESOLVE, v.t. rezolv'. L. resolvo; re and solvo, to loose.", "1. To separate the component parts of a compound substance; to reduce to first principles; as, to resolve a body into its component or constituent parts; to resolve a body into its elements.", "2. To separate the parts of a complex idea; to reduce to simple parts; to analyze.", "3. To separate the parts of a complicated question; to unravel; to disentangle of perplexities; to remove obscurity by analysis; to clear of difficulties; to explain; as, to resolve questions in moral science; to resolve doubts; to resolve a riddle.", "4. To inform to free from doubt or perplexity; as, to resolve the conscience.", "Resolve me, stranger, whence and what you are?", "5. To settle in an opinion; to make certain.", "Long since we were resolv'd of your truth, your faithful service and your toil in war.", "6. To confirm; to fix in constancy.", "Quit presently the chapel, or resolve you for more amazement. Unusual.", "7. To melt; to dissolve.", "8. To form or constitute by resolution, vote or determination; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole.", "9. In music, to resolve a discord or dissonance, is to carry it, according to rule, into a consonance in the subsequent chord.", "10. In medicine, to disperse or scatter; to discuss; as inflammation or a tumor.", "11. To relax; to lay at ease.", "12. In algebra, to resolve an equation, is to bring all the known quantities to one side of the equation, and the unknown quantity to the other.", "RESOLVE, v.i. rezolv'.", "1. To fix in opinion or purpose; to determine in mind. He resolved to abandon his vicious course of life.", "2. To determine by vote. The legislature resolved to receive no petitions after a certain day.", "3. To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid.", "When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates, then resolves and turns alkaline.", "4. To separate into its component parts, or into distinct principles; as, water resolves into vapor; a substance resolves into gas.", "5. To be settled in opinion.", "Let men resolve of that as they please. Unusual.", "RESOLVE, n. rezolv'.", "1. Fixed purpose of mind; settled determination; resolution.", "He strait revokes his bold resolve.", "2. Legal or official determination; legislative act concerning a private person or corporation, or concerning some private business. Public acts of a legislature respect the state, and to give them validity, the bills for such acts must pass through all the legislative forms. Resolves are usually private acts, and are often passed with less formality. Resolves may also be the acts of a single branch of the legislature; whereas public acts must be passed by a majority of both branches.", "3. The determination of any corporation or association; resolution."], "resolved": ["RESOLV'ED, pp.", "1. Separated into its component parts; analyzed.", "2. Determined in purpose; as, I am resolved not to keep company with gamesters. This phrase is properly, \"I have resolved;\" as we say, a person is deceased, or has deceased; he is retired, or has retired. In these phrases, the participle is rather an adjective.", "3. Determined officially or by vote."], "resolvent": ["RESOLV'ENT, n. That which has the power of causing solution. In medicine, that which has power to disperse inflammation and prevent the suppuration of tumors; a discutient."], "resolver": ["RESOLV'ER, n. One that resolves or forms a firm purpose."], "resolving": ["RESOLV'ING, ppr. Separating into component parts; analyzing; removing perplexities or obscurity; discussing, as tumors; determining.", "RESOLV'ING, n. The act of determining or forming a fixed purpose; a resolution."], "resort": ["RESORT', v.i. s as z.", "1. To have recourse; to apply; to betake.", "The king thought it time to resort to other counsels.", "2. To go; to repair.", "The people resort to him again. Mark 10. John 18.", "3. To fall back.", "The inheritance of the son never resorted to the mother. Obs.", "RESORT', n.", "1. The act of going to or making application; a betaking one's self; as a resort to other means of defense; a resort to subterfuges for evasion.", "2. Act of visiting.", "Join with me to forbid him her resort.", "3. Assembly; meeting.", "4. Concourse; frequent assembling; as a place of resort.", "5. The place frequented; as, alehouses are the resorts of the idle and dissolute.", "6. Spring; active power or movement; a Gallicism. Not in use.", "Last resort, ultimate means of relief; also, final tribunal; that from which there is no appeal."], "resorter": ["RESORT'ER, n. One that resorts or frequents."], "resorting": ["RESORT'ING, ppr. Going; having recourse; betaking; frequenting."], "respect": ["RESPECT', v.t. L. respecto, or respectus, from respicio; re and specio, to view.", "1. To regard; to have regard to in design or purpose.", "In orchards and gardens, we do not so much respect beauty, as variety of ground for fruits, trees and herbs.", "2. To have regard to, in relation or connection; to relate to. The treaty particularly respects our commerce.", "3. To view or consider with some degree of reverence; to esteem as possessed of real worth.", "I always loved and respected Sir William.", "4. To look towards.", "Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so respect the south. Not in use.", "To respect the person, to suffer the opinion or judgment to be influenced or biased by a regard to the outward circumstances of a person, to the prejudice of right and equity.", "Thou shalt not respect the person of the poor. Lev. 19.", "Neither doth God respect any person. 2Sam. 14.", "RESPECT', n. L. respectus.", "1. Regard; attention.", "2. That estimation or honor in which men hold the distinguished worth or substantial good qualities of others. It expresses less than reverence and veneration, which regard elders and superiors; whereas respect may regard juniors and inferiors.", "Respect regards the qualities of the mind, or the actions which characterize those qualities.", "Seen without awe, and serv'd without respect.", "3. That deportment or course of action which proceeds from esteem; regard; due attention; as, to treat a person with respect.", "These same men treat the sabbath with little respect.", "4. Good will; favor.", "The Lord had respect to Abel and his offering. Gen. 4.", "5. Partial regard; undue bias to the prejudice of justice; as the phrase, respect of persons. 1Peter 1. James 2. Prov. 24.", "6. Respected character; as persons of the best respect in Rome.", "7. Consideration; motive in reference to something.", "Whatever secret respects were likely to move them -", "8. Relation; regard; reference; followed by of, but more properly by to.", "They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with respect to the benefits men received from him, had several titles."], "respectability": ["RESPECTABIL'ITY, n. State or quality of being respectable; the state or qualities which deserve or command respect."], "respectable": ["RESPECT'ABLE, a.", "1. Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve or command respect; worth of esteem and honor; as a respectable citizen; respectable company.", "No government, any more than an individual, will long be respected, without being truly respectable.", "2. In popular language, this word is much used to express what is moderate in degree of excellence on in number, but not despicable. We say, a respectable discourse or performance, a respectable audience, a respectable number of citizens convened."], "respectableness": ["RESPECT'ABLENESS, n. Respectability."], "respectably": ["RESPECT'ABLY, adv.", "1. With respect; more generally, in a manner to merit respect.", "2. Moderately, but in a manner not to be despised."], "respected": ["RESPECT'ED, pp. Held in honorable estimation."], "respecter": ["RESPECT'ER, n. One that respects; chiefly used in the phrase, respecter of persons, which signifies a person who regards the external circumstances of others in his judgment, and suffers his opinion to be biased by them, to the prejudice of candor, justice and equity.", "I perceive that God is no respecter of persons. Acts. 10."], "respectful": ["RESPECT'FUL, a. Marked or characterized by respect; as respectful deportment.", "With humble joy and with respectful fear."], "respectfulness": ["RESPECT'FULNESS, n. The quality of being respectful."], "respecting": ["RESPECT'ING, ppr. Regarding; having regard to; relating to. This word, like concerning, has reference to a single word or to a sentence. In the sentence, \"his conduct respecting us is commendable,\" respecting has reference to conduct. But when we say, \"respecting a further appropriation of money, it is to be observed, that the resources of the country are inadequate,\" respecting has reference to the whole subsequent clause or sentence."], "respective": ["RESPECT'IVE, a.", "1. Relative; having relation to something else; not absolute; as the respective connections of society.", "2. Particular; relating to a particular person or thing. Let each man retire to his respective place of abode. The officers were found in their respective quarters; they appeared at the head of their respective regiments. Let each give according to his respective proportion.", "3. Worthy of respect. Not in use.", "4. Careful; circumspect; cautious; attentive to consequences; as respective and wary men. Not in use."], "respectively": ["RESPECT'IVELY, adv.", "1. As relating to each; particularly; as each belongs to each. Let each man respectively perform his duty.", "The impressions from the objects of the senses do mingle respectively every one with its kind.", "2. Relatively; not absolutely.", "3. Partially; with respect to private views. Obs.", "4. With respect. Obs."], "respit": ["RES'PIT, n.", "1. Pause; temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation; interval of rest.", "Some pause and respit only I require.", "2. In law, reprieve; temporary suspension of the execution of a capital offender.", "3. Delay; forbearance; prolongation of time for the payment of a debt beyond the legal time.", "4. The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury, beyond the proper term.", "RES'PIT, v.t.", "1. To relieve by a pause or interval of rest.", "To respit his day-labor with repast.", "2. To suspend the execution of a criminal beyond the time limited by the sentence; to delay for a time.", "3. To give delay of appearance at court; as, to respit a jury."], "respited": ["RES'PITED, pp. Relieved from labor; allowed a temporary suspension of execution."], "respiting": ["RES'PITING, ppr. Relieving from labor; suspending the execution of a capital offender."], "rest": ["REST, n. L. resto, if the latter is a compound of re and sto; but is an original word. See Verb.", "1. Cessation of motion or action of any kind, and applicable to any body or being; as rest from labor; rest from mental exertion; rest of body or mind. A body is at rest, when it ceases to move; the mind is at rest, when it ceases to be disturbed or agitated; the sea is never at rest. Hence,", "2. Quiet; repose; a state free from motion or disturbance; a state of reconciliation to God.", "Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart; and ye shall find rest to your souls. Matt. 11.", "3. Sleep; as, retire to rest.", "4. Peace; national quiet.", "The land had rest eighty years. Judges 3. Deut. 12.", "5. The final sleep, death.", "6. A place of quiet; permanent habitation.", "Ye are not as yet come to the rest, and to the inheritance which the Lord your God giveth you. Deut. 12.", "7. Any place of repose.", "In dust, our final rest, and native home.", "8. That on which any thing leans or lies for support. 1Kings 6.", "Their vizors clos'd, their lances in the rest.", "9. In poetry, a short pause of the voice in reading; a cesura.", "10. In philosophy, the continuance of a body in the same place.", "11. Final hope.", "Sea fights have been final to the war; but this is, when princes set up their rest upon the battle. Obs.", "12. Cessation from tillage. Lev. 25.", "13. The gospel church or new covenant state in which the people of God enjoy repose, and Christ shall be glorified.", "Is. 11.", "14. In music, a pause; an interval during which the voice is intermitted; also, the mark of such intermission.", "REST, n. L. resto.", "1. That which is left, or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in contemplation; remainder.", "Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort of having done our duty, and for the rest, it offers us the best security that heaven can give.", "2. Others; those not included in a proposition or description. In this sense, rest is a noun, but with a singular termination expressing plurality.", "Plato and the rest of the philosophers -", "Arm'd like the rest, the Trojan prince appears.", "The election hath obtained it and the rest were blinded. Romans 11.", "REST, v.i.", "1. To cease from action or motion of any kind; to stop; a word applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of motion.", "2. To cease from labor, work or performance.", "God rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Gen. 2.", "So the people rested on the seventh day. Ex. 16.", "3. To be quiet or still; to be undisturbed.", "There rest, if any rest can harbor there.", "4. To cease from war; to be at peace.", "And the land rested from war. Josh. 11.", "5. To be quiet or tranquil, as the mind; not to be agitated by fear, anxiety or other passion.", "6. To lie; to repose; as, to rest on a bed.", "7. To sleep; to slumber.", "Fancy then retires into her private cell, when nature rests.", "8. to sleep the final sleep; to die or be dead.", "Glad I'd lay me down, as in my mother's lap; ther I should rest, and sleep secure.", "9. To lean; to recline for support; as, to rest the arm on a table. The truth of religion rests on divine testimony.", "10. to stand on; to be supported by; as, a column rests on its pedestal.", "11. To be satisfied; to acquiesce; as, to rest on heaven's determination.", "12. To lean; to trust; to rely; as, to rest on a man's promise.", "13. To continue fixed. Is. 51.", "14. To terminate; to come to an end. Ezek. 16.", "15. To hang, lie or be fixed.", "Over a tent a cloud shall rest by day.", "16. To abide; to remain with.", "They said, the spirit of Elijah doth rest on Elisha. 2Kings 2. Eccles 7.", "17. To be calm or composed in mind; to enjoy peace of conscience.", "REST, v.i. To be left; to remain. Obs.", "REST, v.t.", "1. To lay at rest; to quiet.", "Your piety has paid all needful rites, to rest my wandering shade.", "2. To place, as on a support. We rest our cause on the truth of the Scripture.", "Her weary head upon your bosom rest."], "rested": ["REST'ED, pp. Laid on for support."], "restful": ["REST'FUL, a. from rest. Quiet; being at rest."], "resting": ["REST'ING, ppr. Ceasing to move or act; ceasing to be moved or agitated; lying; leaning; standing; depending or relying."], "restitute": ["RES'TITUTE, v.t. L. restituo; re and statuo, to set.", "To restore to a former state. Not used."], "restitution": ["RESTITU'TION, n. L. restitutio.", "1. The act of returning or restoring to a person some thing or right of which he has been unjustly deprived; as the restitution of ancient rights to the crown.", "Restitution is made by restoring a specific thing taken away or lost.", "2. The act of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage or injury; indemnification.", "He restitution to the value makes.", "3. The act of recovering a former state or posture. Unusual.", "Restitution of all things, the putting the world in a holy and happy state. Acts 3."], "restorable": ["RESTO'RABLE, n. from restore. That may be restored to a former good condition; as restorable land."], "restoral": ["RESTO'RAL, n. Restitution. Not in use."], "restoration": ["RESTORA'TION, n. L. restauro.", "1. The act of replacing in a former state.", "Behold the different climes agree, rejoicing in thy restoration.", "So we speak of the restoration of a man to his office, or to a good standing in society.", "2. Renewal; revival; re-establishment; as the restoration of friendship between enemies; the restoration of peace after war; the restoration of a declining commerce.", "3. Recovery; renewal of health and soundness; as restoration from sickness or from insanity.", "4. Recovery from a lapse or any bad state; as the restoration of man from apostasy.", "5. In theology, universal restoration, the final recovery of all men from sin and alienation from God, to a state of happiness; universal salvation.", "6. In England, the return of king Charles II in 1660, and the re-establishment of monarchy."], "restorative": ["RESTO'RATIVE, a. That has power to renew strength and vigor.", "RESTO'RATIVE, n. A medicine efficacious in restoring strength and vigor, or in recruiting the vital powers."], "restore": ["RESTO'RE, v.t. L. restauro. This is a compound of re and the root of store, story, history. The primary sense is to set, to lay or to throw, as in Gr. solid.", "1. To return to a person, as a specific thing which he has lost, or which has been taken from him and unjustly detained. We restore lost or stolen goods to the owner.", "Now therefore restore to the man his wife. Gen. 20.", "2. To replace; to return; as a person or thing to a former place.", "Pharaoh shall restore thee to thy place. Gen. 40.", "3. To bring back.", "The father banish'd virtue shall restore.", "4. To bring back or recover from lapse, degeneracy, declension or ruin to its former state.", "- Loss of Eden, till one greater man restore it, and regain the blissful seat.", "- Our fortune restored after the severest afflictions.", "5. To heal; to cure; to recover from disease.", "His hand was restored whole like as the other. Matt. 12.", "6. To make restitution or satisfaction for a thing taken, by returning something else, or something of different value.", "He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. Ex. 22.", "7. To give for satisfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken. Ps. 69.", "8. To repair; to rebuild; as, to restore and to build Jerusalem. Daniel 9.", "9. To revive; to resuscitate; to bring back to life.", "Whose son he had restored to life. 2Kings 8.", "10. To return or bring back after absence. Heb. 13.", "11. To bring to a sense of sin and amendment of life.", "Gal. 6.", "12. To renew or re-establish after interruption; as, peace is restored. Friendship between the parties is restored.", "13. To recover or renew, as passages of an author obscured or corrupted; as, to restore the true reading."], "restored": ["RESTO'RED, pp. Returned; brought back; retrieved; recovered; cured; renewed; re-established."], "restorement": ["RESTO'REMENT, n. The act of restoring; restoration. Not used."], "restorer": ["RESTO'RER, n. One that restores; one that returns what is lost or unjustly detained; one who repairs or re-establishes."], "restoring": ["RESTO'RING, ppr. Returning what is lost or taken; bringing back; recovering; curing; renewing; repairing; re-establishing."], "restrain": ["RESTRA'IN, v.t. L. restringo; re and stringo, to strain. The letter g appears from the participle to be casual; stringo, for strigo. Hence strictus, strict, stricture. If the two letters st are removed, the word rigo coincides exactly, in primary sense, with L. rego, rectus, right, and the root of reach, stretch, straight.", "1. To hold back; to check; to hold from action, proceeding or advancing, either by physical or moral force, or by an interposing obstacle. Thus we restrain a horse by a bridle; we restrain cattle from wandering by fences; we restrain water by dams and dikes; we restrain men from crimes and trespasses by laws; we restrain young people, when we can, by arguments or counsel; we restrain men and their passions; we restrain the elements; we attempt to restrain vice, but not always with success.", "2. To repress; to keep in awe; as, to restrain offenders.", "3. To suppress; to hinder or repress; as, to restrain excess.", "4. To abridge; to hinder from unlimited enjoyment; as, to restrain one of his pleasure or of his liberty.", "5. To limit; to confine.", "Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral universality is also to be restrained by a part of the predicate.", "6. To withhold; to forbear.", "Thou restrainest prayer before God. Job 15."], "restrainable": ["RESTRA'INABLE, a. Capable of being restrained."], "restrained": ["RESTRA'INED, pp. Held back from advancing or wandering; withheld; repressed; suppressed; abridged; confined."], "restrainer": ["RESTRA'INER, n. He or that which restrains."], "restraining": ["RESTRA'INING, ppr.", "1. Holding back from proceeding; checking; repressing; hindering from motion or action; suppressing.", "2. a. Abridging; limiting; as a restraining statute."], "restraint": ["RESTRA'INT, n.", "1. The act or operation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any manner; hinderance of the will, or of any action, physical, moral or mental.", "2. Abridgment of liberty; as the restraint of a man by imprisonment or by duress.", "3. Prohibition. The commands of God should be effectual restraints upon our evil passions.", "4. Limitation; restriction.", "If all were granted, yet it must be maintained, within any bold restraints, far otherwise than it is received.", "5. That which restrains, hinders or represses. The laws are restraints upon injustice."], "resurrection": ["RESURREC'TION, n. s as z. L. resurrectus, resurgo; re and surgo, to rise.", "A rising again; chiefly, the revival of the dead of the human race, or their return from the grave, particularly at the general judgment. By the resurrection of Christ we have assurance of the future resurrection of men. 1Peter 1.", "In the resurrection, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage. Matt. 22."], "retain": ["RETA'IN, v.t. L. retineo; re and teneo, to hold.", "1. To hold or keep in possession; not to lose or part with or dismiss. The memory retains ideas which facts or arguments have suggested to the mind.", "They did not like to retain God in their knowledge. Rom. 1.", "2. To keep, as an associate; to keep from departure.", "Whom I would have retained with me. Phil. 13.", "3. To keep back; to hold.", "An executor may retain a debt due to him from the testator.", "4. To hold from escape. Some substances retain heat much longer than others. Metals readily receive and transmit heat, but do not long retain it. Seek cloths that retain their color.", "5. To keep in pay; to hire.", "A Benedictine convent has now retained the most learned father of their order to write in its defense.", "6. To engage; to employ by a fee paid; as, to retain a counselor.", "RETA'IN, v.i.", "1. To belong to; to depend on; as coldness mixed with a somewhat languid relish retaining to bitterness.", "Not in use. We now use pertain.", "2. To keep; to continue. Not in use."], "retained": ["RETA'INED, pp. Held; kept in possession; kept as an associate; kept in pay; kept from escape."], "retainer": ["RETA'INER, n.", "1. One who retains; as an executor, who retains a debt due from the testator.", "2. One who is kept in service; an attendant; as the retainers of the ancient princes and nobility.", "3. An adherent; a dependant; a hanger on.", "4. A servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and wearing his master's livery.", "5. Among lawyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counselor to maintain a cause.", "6. The act of keeping dependents, or being in dependence."], "retaining": ["RETA'INING, ppr. Keeping in possession; keeping as an associate; keeping from escape; hiring; engaging by a fee."], "retire": ["RETI'RE, v.i.", "1. To withdraw; to retreat; to go from company or from a public place into privacy; as, to retire from the world; to retire from notice.", "2. To retreat from action or danger; as, to retire from battle.", "3. To withdraw from a public station. General Washington, in 1796, retired to private life.", "4. To break up, as a company or assembly. The company retired at eleven o'clock.", "5. To depart or withdraw for safety or for pleasure. Men retire from the town in summer for health and pleasure. But in South Carolina, the planters retire from their estates to Charleston, or to an isle near the town.", "6. To recede; to fall back. The shore of the sea retires in bays and gulfs.", "RETI'RE, v.t. To withdraw; to take away.", "He retired himself, his wife and children into a forest.", "As when the sun is present all the year, and never doth retire his golden ray.", "This transitive use of retire is now obsolete.", "RETI'RE, n.", "1. Retreat; recession; a withdrawing. Obs.", "2. Retirement; place of privacy. Obs."], "retired": ["RETI'RED, a.", "1. Secluded from much society or from public notice; private. He lives a retired life; he has a retired situation.", "2. Secret; private; as retired speculations.", "3. Withdrawn."], "retirement": ["RETI'REMENT, n.", "1. The act of withdrawing from company or from public notice or station.", "2. The state of being withdrawn; as the retirement of the mind from the senses.", "3. Private abode; habitation secluded from much society or from public life.", "Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus.", "Retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome.", "4. Private way of life.", "Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books, progressive virtue and approving heaven."], "retiring": ["RETI'RING, ppr.", "1. Withdrawing; retreating; going into seclusion or solitude.", "2. a. Reserved; not forward or obtrusive; as retiring modesty; retiring manners."], "return": ["RETURN, v.i. L. torno.", "1. To come or go back to the same place. The gentleman goes from the country to London and returns, or the citizen of London rides into the country and returns. The blood propelled from the heart, passes through the arteries to the extremities of the body, and returns through the veins. Some servants are good to go on errands, but not good to return.", "2. To come to the same state; as, to return from bondage to a state of freedom.", "3. To answer.", "He said, and thus the queen of heaven return'd.", "4. To come again; to revisit.", "Thou to mankind be good and friendly still, and oft return.", "5. To appear or begin again after a periodical revolution.", "With the year seasons return, but not to me returns day -", "6. To show fresh signs of mercy.", "Return, O Lord, deliver my soul. Ps. 6.", "To return to God, to return from wickedness, to repent of sin or wandering from duty."], "returnable": ["RETURN'ABLE, a.", "1. That may be returned or restored.", "2. In law, that is legally to be returned, delivered, given or rendered; as a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict returnable to the court; an attachment returnable to the king's bench."], "returned": ["RETURN'ED, pp. Restored; given or sent back; repaid; brought or rendered to the proper court or officer."], "returner": ["RETURN'ER, n. One who returns; one that repays or remits money."], "returning": ["RETURN'ING, ppr. Giving, carrying or sending back; coming or going back; making report."], "reveal": ["REVE'AL, v.t. L. revelo; re and velo, to veil.", "1. To disclose; to discover; to show; to make known something before unknown or concealed; as, to reveal secrets.", "2. To disclose, discover or make known from heaven. God has been pleased to reveal his will to man.", "The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men. Romans 1.", "REVE'AL, n. A revealing; disclosure. Not in use."], "revealed": ["REVE'ALED, pp. Disclosed; discovered; made known; laid open."], "revealer": ["REVE'ALER, n.", "1. One that discloses or makes known.", "2. One that brings to view."], "revealing": ["REVE'ALING, ppr. Disclosing; discovering; making known."], "revealment": ["REVE'ALMENT, n. The act of revealing. Little used."], "revel": ["REV'EL, v.i. L. rabo, rabio, to rage, whence rabies, rabid.", "1. To feast with loose and clamorous merriment; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian.", "Antony, that revels long o'nights.", "2. To move playfully or without regularity.", "REV'EL, n. A feast with loose and noisy jollity.", "Some men ruin the fabric of their bodies by incessant revels."], "revelation": ["REVELA'TION, n. L. revelatus, revelo. See Reveal.", "1. The act of disclosing or discovering to others what was before unknown to them; appropriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to men by God himself, or by his authorized agents, the prophets and apostles.", "How that by revelation he made known to me the mystery, as I wrote before in few words. Eph. 3. 2Cor. 12.", "2. That which is revealed; appropriately, the sacred truths which God has communicated to man for his instruction and direction. The revelations of God are contained in the Old and New Testament.", "3. The Apocalypse; the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John."], "reveler": ["REV'ELER, n. See Revel. One who feasts with noisy merriment."], "reveling": ["REV'ELING, ppr. Feasting with noisy merriment; carousing.", "REV'ELING, n. A feasting with noisy merriment; revelry. Gal. 5. 1Peter 4."], "revenge": ["REVENGE, v.t. revenj'. L. vindex, vindico. See Vindicate.", "1. To inflict pain or injury in return for an injury received.", "Note. this word and avenge were formerly used as synonymous, and it is so used in the common version of the Scripture, and applied to the Supreme Being. \"O Lord - revenge me of my persecutors.\" Jer. 15. In consequence of a distinction between avenge and revenge which modern usage has introduced, the application of this word to the Supreme Being appears extremely harsh, irreverent and offensive. Revenge is now used in an ill sense, for the infliction of pain maliciously or illegally; avenge for inflicting just punishment.", "2. According to modern usage, to inflict pain deliberately and maliciously, contrary to the laws of justice and humanity, in return for injury, pain or evil received; to wreak vengeance spitefully on one who injures or offends. We say, to revenge an injury or insult, or with the reciprocal pronoun, to revenge ourselves on an enemy or for an injury, that is, to take vengeance or satisfaction.", "3. To vindicate by punishment of an enemy.", "The gods are just and will revenge our cause.", "According to modern usage, avenge should here be substituted for revenge.", "REVENGE, n. revenj'.", "1. Return of an injury; the deliberate infliction of pain or injury or a person in return for an injury received from him.", "2. According to modern usage, a malicious or spiteful infliction of pain or injury, contrary to the laws of justice and christianity, in return for an injury or offense. Revenge is dictated by passion; vengeance by justice.", "3. The passion which is excited by an injury done or an affront given; the desire of inflicting pain on one who has done an injury; as, to glut revenge.", "Revenge, as the word is now understood, is always contrary to the precepts of Christ.", "The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel."], "revenged": ["REVENG'ED, pp. Punished in return for an injury; spitefully punished. The injury is revenged."], "revengeful": ["REVENGEFUL, a. revenj'ful.", "1. full of revenge or a desire to inflict pain or evil for injury received; spiteful; malicious; wreaking revenge.", "If thy revengeful heart cannot forgive.", "2. Vindictive; inflicting punishment.", "May my hands never brandish more revengeful steel."], "revengefulness": ["REVENGEFULNESS, n. revenj'fulness. Vincidtiveness."], "revengement": ["REVENGEMENT, n. revenj'ment. Revenge; return of an injury. Little used."], "revenger": ["REVENG'ER, n.", "1. One who revenges; one who inflicts pain on another spitefully in return for an injury.", "2. One who inflicts just punishment for injuries. Less proper."], "revenging": ["REVENG'ING, ppr.", "1. Inflicting pain or evil spitefully for injury or affront received.", "2. Vindicating; punishing."], "revengingly": ["REVENG'INGLY, adv. With revenge; with the spirit of revenge; vindictively."], "revenue": ["REV'ENUE, n. L. revenio; re and venio, to come.", "1. In a general sense, the annual rents, profits, interest or issues of any species of property, real or personal, belonging to an individual or to the public. When used of individuals, it is equivalent to income. In modern usage, income is applied more generally to the rents and profits of individuals, and revenue to those of the state. In the latter case, revenue is", "2. The annual produce of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, &c. which a nation or state collects and receives into the treasury for public use.", "3. Return; reward; as a rich revenue of praise.", "4. A fleshy lump on the head of a deer."], "revere": ["REVE'RE, v.t. L. revereor; re and vereor, to fear.", "To regard with fear mingled with respect and affection; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation.", "Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father, than treated as his partner in the empire -"], "revered": ["REVE'RED, pp. Regarded with fear mingled with respect and affection."], "reverence": ["REV'ERENCE, n. L. reverentia.", "1. Fear mingled with respect and esteem; veneration.", "When quarrels and factions are carried openly, it is a sign that the reverence of government is lost.", "The fear acceptable to God, is a filial fear, an awful reverence of the divine nature, proceeding from a just esteem of his perfections, which produces in us an inclination to his service and an unwillingness to offend him.", "Reverence is nearly equivalent to veneration, but expresses something less of the same emotion. It differs from awe, which is an emotion compounded of fear, dread or terror, with admiration of something great, but not necessarily implying love or affection. We feel reverence for a parent, and for an upright magistrate, but we stand in awe of a tyrant. This distinction may not always be observed.", "2. An act of respect or obeisance; a bow or courtesy. 2Sam. 9.", "3. A title of the clergy.", "4. A poetical title of a father.", "REV'ERENCE, v.t. To regard with reverence; to regard with fear mingled with respect and affection. We reverence superiors for their age, their authority and their virtues. We ought to reverence parents and upright judges and magistrates. We ought to reverence the Supreme Being, his word and his ordinances.", "Those that I reverence, those I fear, the wise.", "They will reverence my son. Matt. 21.", "Let the wife see that she reverence her husband. Eph. 5."], "reverent": ["REV'ERENT, a.", "1. Expressing reverence, veneration or submission; as reverent words or terms; a reverent posture in prayer; reverent behavior.", "2. Submissive; humble; impressed with reverence.", "They prostrate fell before him reverent."], "reverently": ["REV'ERENTLY, adv.", "1. With reverence; with respectful regard.", "Chide him for faults, and do it reverently.", "2. With veneration; with fear of what is great or terrifying.", "So reverently men quit the open air, when thunder speaks the angry Gods abroad."], "reverer": ["REVE'RER, n. One who reveres or venerates."], "revering": ["REVE'RING, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with respect and affection; venerating."], "reverenced": ["REV'ERENCED, pp. Regarded with fear mingled with respect and affection."], "reverencer": ["REV'ERENCER, n. One that regards with reverence."], "reverencing": ["REV'ERENCING, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with respect and affection."], "reverend": ["REV'EREND, a. L. reverendus.", "1. Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affection; as reverend and gracious senators.", "A reverend sire among them came.", "This epithet is, I believe, never applied to the Supreme Being, or to his laws or institutions. In lieu of it we use venerable.", "2. A title of respect given to the clergy or ecclesiastics. We style a clergyman reverend; a bishop is styled right reverend; an archbishop most reverend. The religious in catholic countries, are styled reverend fathers; abbesses, prioresses, &c. reverend mothers. In Scotland, as in the United States, the clergy are individually styled reverend. A synod is styled very reverend, and the general assembly venerable."], "reversal": ["REVERS'AL, a. See Reverse. Intended to reverse; implying reverse.", "REVERS'AL, n. from reverse. A change or overthrowing; as the reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false. So we speak of the reversal of an attainder or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void."], "reverse": ["REVERSE, v.t. revers'. L. reversus, reverto; re and verto, to turn.", "1. To turn upside down; as, to reverse a pyramid or cone.", "2. To overturn; to subvert; as, to reverse the state.", "3. To turn back; as with swift wheel reverse.", "4. To turn to the contrary; as, to reverse the scene.", "- Or affectations quite reverse the soul.", "5. To put each in the place of the other; as, to reverse the distinctions of good and evil.", "6. In law, to overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to annul; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence or decree. Judgments are reversed by writs of error; and for certain causes, may be reversed without such writs.", "7. To recall. Not in use.", "REVERSE, v.i. revers'. To return. Not in use.", "REVERSE, n. revers'.", "1. Change; vicissitude; a turn of affairs; in a good sense.", "By a strange reverse of things, Justinian's law, which for many ages was neglected, now obtains -", "2. Change for the worse; misfortune. By an unexpected reverse of circumstances, an affluent man is reduced to poverty.", "3. A contrary; an opposite.", "The performances to which God has annexed the promises of eternity, are just the reverse of all the pursuits of sense."], "reversed": ["REVERS'ED, pp.", "1. Turned side for side or end for end; changed to the contrary.", "2. In law, overthrown or annulled.", "3. a. In botany, resupinate; having the upper lip larger and more expanded than the lower; as a reversed corol."], "reversely": ["REVERSELY, adv. revers'ly. On the other hand; on the opposite."], "reversible": ["REVERS'IBLE, a. That may be reversed; as a reversible judgment or sentence."], "reversing": ["REVERS'ING, ppr. Turning upside down; subverting; turning the contrary way; annulling."], "reversion": ["REVER'SION, n. L. reversio.", "1. In general sense, a returning; appropriately, in law, the returning of an estate to the grantor or his heirs, after a particular estate is ended. Hence,", "2. The residue of an estate left in the grantor, to commence in possession after the determination of the particular estate granted. Thus when there is a gift in tail, the reversion of the fee is, without any special reservation, vested in the donor by act of law.", "3. Succession; right to future possession or enjoyment.", "4. In algebra, reversion of series, a kind of reversed operation of an infinite series."], "revile": ["REVI'LE, v.t. re and vile.", "To reproach; to treat with opprobrious and contemptuous language.", "She revileth him to his face.", "Thou shalt not revile the gods. Ex. 22.", "Blessed are ye when men shall revile you. Matt. 5.", "REVI'LE, n. Reproach; contumely; contemptuous language. Not in use."], "reviled": ["REVI'LED, pp. Reproached; treated with opprobrious or contemptuous language."], "revilement": ["REVI'LEMENT, n. Reproach; contemptuous language."], "reviler": ["REVI'LER, n. One who reviles another; one who treats another with contemptuous language."], "reviling": ["REVI'LING, ppr. Reproaching; treating with language of contempt.", "REVI'LING, n. The act of reviling or treating with reproachful words. Is. 51."], "revilingly": ["REVI'LINGLY, adv. With reproachful or contemptuous language; with opprobrium."], "revival": ["REVI'VAL, n. from revive.", "1. Return, recall or recovery to life from death or apparent death; as the revival of a drowned person.", "2. Return or recall to activity from a state of languor; as the revival of spirits.", "3. Recall, return or recovery from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression; as the revival of letters or learning.", "4. Renewed and more active attention to religion; an awakening of men to their spiritual concerns."], "revive": ["REVI'VE, v.i. L. revivisco; re and vivo, to live.", "1. To return to life; to recover life.", "The soul of the child came into him again, and he revived. 1Kings 17. Romans 14.", "2. To recover new life or vigor; to be reanimated after depression.", "When he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob their father revived. Gen. 45.", "3. To recover from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression. Learning revived in Europe after the middle ages.", "4. In chimistry, to recover its natural state, as a metal.", "Sin revives, when the conscience is awakened by a conviction of guilt. Romans 7.", "REVI'VE, v.t.", "1. To bring again to life; to reanimate.", "2. To raise from languor, depression or discouragement; to rouse; as, to revive the spirits or courage.", "3. To renew; to bring into action after a suspension; as, to revive a project or scheme that had been laid aside.", "4. To renew in the mind or memory; to recall.", "The mind has the power in many cases to revive ideas or perceptions, which it has once had.", "5. To recover from a state of neglect or depression; as, to revive letters or learning.", "6. To recomfort; to quicken; to refresh with joy or hope.", "Wilt thou not revive us again? Ps. 85.", "7. To bring again into notice.", "Revive the libels born to die.", "8. In chimistry, to restore or reduce to its natural state or to its metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination."], "revived": ["REVI'VED, pp. Brought to life; reanimated; renewed; recovered; quickened; cheered; reduced to a metallic state."], "reviver": ["REVI'VER, n. That which revives; that which invigorates or refreshes; one that redeems from neglect or depression."], "reviving": ["REVI'VING, ppr. Bringing to life again; reanimating; renewing; recalling to the memory; recovering from neglect or depression; refreshing with joy or hope; reducing to a metallic state."], "revolt": ["REVOLT', v.i. L. revolvo; re and volvo, to turn. Eng. wallow.", "1. To fall off or turn from one to another.", "2. To renounce allegiance and subjection to one's prince or state; to reject the authority of a sovereign; as a province or a number of people. It is not applied to individuals.", "The Edomites revolted from under the hand of Judah.", "2Chron. 21.", "3. To change. Not in use.", "4. In Scripture, to disclaim allegiance and subjection to God; to reject the government of the King of kings. Is. 31.", "REVOLT', v.t.", "1. To turn; to put to flight; to overturn.", "2. To shock; to do violence to; to cause to shrink or turn away with abhorrence; as, to revolt the mind or the feelings.", "Their honest pride of their purer religion had revolted the Babylonians.", "REVOLT', n.", "1. Desertion; change of sides; more correctly, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to one's prince or government; as the revolt of a province of the Roman empire.", "2. Gross departure from duty.", "3. In Scripture, a rejection of divine government; departure from God; disobedience. Is. 59.", "4. A revolter. Not in use."], "revolted": ["REVOLT'ED, pp.", "1. Having swerved from allegiance or duty.", "2. Shocked; grossly offended."], "revolter": ["REVOLT'ER, n.", "1. One who changes sides; a deserter.", "2. One who renounces allegiance and subjection to his prince or state.", "3. In Scripture, one who renounces the authority and laws of God. Jer. 6. Hos. 9."], "revolting": ["REVOLT'ING, ppr.", "1. Changing sides; deserting.", "2. Disclaiming allegiance and subjection to a prince or state.", "3. Rejecting the authority of God.", "4. a. Doing violence, as to the feelings; exciting abhorrence."], "reward": ["REWARD', v.t. a as aw. L. re, denoting return.", "To give in return, either good or evil.", "Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. 1Sam. 24.", "Hence, when good is returned for good, reward signifies to repay, to recompense, to compensate. When evil or suffering is return for injury or wickedness, reward signifies to punish with just retribution, to take vengeance on, according to the nature of the case.", "I will render vengeance to my enemies; and will reward them that hate me. Deut. 32.", "The Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father, with his angels, and then he shall reward every man according to his works. Matt. 16.", "In the latter passage, reward signifies to render with good and evil.", "REWARD', n.", "1. Recompense, or equivalent return for good done, for kindness, for services and the like. Rewards may consist of money, goods or any return of kindness or happiness.", "The laborer is worthy of his reward. 1Tim. 5.", "Great is your reward in heaven. Matt. 5.", "Rewards and punishments presuppose moral agency, and something voluntarily done, well or ill; without which respect, though we may receive good, it is only a benefit and not a reward.", "2. The fruit of men's labor or works.", "The dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward. Eccles. 9.", "3. A bribe; a gift to pervert justice. Deut. 27.", "4. A sum of money offered for taking or detecting a criminal, or for recovery of any thing lost.", "5. Punishment; a just return of evil or suffering for wickedness.", "Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked. Ps. 91.", "6. Return in human applause. Matt. 6.", "7. Return in joy and comfort. Ps. 19."], "rewardable": ["REWARD'ABLE, a. That may be rewarded; worthy of recompense."], "rewardableness": ["REWARD'ABLENESS, n. The state of being worthy of reward."], "rewarded": ["REWARD'ED, pp. Requited; recompensed or punished."], "rewarder": ["REWARD'ER, n. One who rewards; one that requites or recompenses. Heb. 11."], "rewarding": ["REWARD'ING, ppr. Making an equivalent return for good or evil; requiting; recompensing or punishing."], "reys": ["REYS, n. The master of an Egyptian bark or ship."], "rib": ["RIB, n. L. costa, signifies side, border, extremity.", "1. A bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame of the thorax. The ribs in the human body are twelve on each side, proceeding from the spine to the sternum, or towards it, and serving to inclose and protect the heart and lungs.", "2. In ship building, a piece of timber which forms or strengthens the side of a ship.", "Ribs of a parrel, are short pieces of plank, having holes through which are reeved the two parts of the parrel-rope.", "3. In botany, the continuation of the petiole along the middle of a leaf, and from which the veins take their rise.", "4. In cloth, a prominent line or rising, like a rib.", "5. Something long, thin and narrow; a strip.", "RIB, v.t.", "1. To furnish with ribs. In manufactures, to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth; whence we say, ribbed cloth.", "2. To inclose with ribs."], "ribbed": ["RIB'BED, pp. or a.", "1. Furnished with ribs; as ribbed with steel.", "2. Inclosed as with ribs.", "3. Marked or formed with rising lines and channels; as ribbed cloth."], "rich": ["RICH, a. L. rego, regnum, Eng. reach, region, from extending.", "1. Wealthy; opulent; possessing a large portion of land, goods or money, or a larger portion than is common to other men or to men of like rank. A farmer may be rich with property which would not make a nobleman rich. An annual income of 500 sterling pounds would make a rich vicar, but not a rich bishop. Men more willingly acknowledge others to be richer, than to be wiser than themselves.", "Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver and in gold.", "Genesis 13.", "2. Splendid; costly; valuable; precious; sumptuous; as a rich dress; a rich border; a rich silk; rich furniture; a rich present.", "3. Abundant in materials; yielding great quantities of any thing valuable; as a rich mine; rich ore.", "4. Abounding in valuable ingredients or qualities; as a rich odor or flavor; rich spices.", "So we say, a rich description; a discourse rich in ideas.", "5. Full of valuable achievements or works.", "Each minute shall be rich in some great action.", "6. Fertile; fruitful; capable of producing large crops or quantities; as a rich soil; rich land; rich mold.", "7. Abundant; large; as a rich crop.", "8. Abundant; affording abundance; plentiful.", "The gorgeous East with richest hand pours on her sons barbaric pearl and gold.", "9. Full of beautiful scenery; as a rich landscape; a rich prospect.", "10. Abounding with elegant colors; as a rich picture.", "11. Plentifully stocked; as pastures rich in flocks.", "12. Strong; vivid; perfect; as a rich color.", "13. Having something precious; as a grove of rich trees.", "14. Abounding with nutritious qualities; as a rich diet.", "15. Highly seasoned; as rich paste; a rich dish of food.", "16. Abounding with a variety of delicious food; as a rich table or entertainment.", "17. Containing abundance beyond wants; as a rich treasury.", "18. In music, full of sweet or harmonious sounds.", "19. In Scripture, abounding; highly endowed with spiritual gifts; as rich in faith. James 2.", "20. Placing confidence in outward prosperity. Matt. 19.", "21. Self-righteous; abounding, in one's own opinion, with spiritual graces. Rev. 3.", "Rich in mercy, spoken of God, full of mercy, and ready to bestow good things on sinful men. Eph 2. Rom. 10.", "The rich, used as a noun, denotes a rich man or person, or more frequently in the plural, rich men or persons.", "The rich hath many friends. Prov. 14.", "RICH, v.t. To enrich. Not used. See Enrich."], "riched": ["RICH'ED, pp. Enriched. Not used."], "riches": ["RICH'ES, n. This is in the singular number in fact, but treated as the plural.", "1. Wealth; opulence; affluence; possessions of land, good or money in abundance.", "Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having more in proportion than our neighbors.", "2. Splendid sumptuous appearance.", "The riches of heav'n's pavement, trodden gold.", "3. In Scripture, an abundance of spiritual blessings.", "Luke 16.", "The riches of God, his fullness of wisdom, power, mercy, grace and glory, Eph. 1, 2; or the abundance supplied by his works. Ps. 104.", "The riches of Christ, his abundant fullness of spiritual and eternal blessings for men. Eph. 3.", "The riches of a state or kingdom, consist less in a full treasury than in the productiveness of its soil and manufactures, and in the industry of its inhabitants."], "richness": ["RICH'NESS, n.", "1. Opulence; wealth.", "2. Finery; splendor.", "3. Fertility; fecundity; fruitfulness; the qualities which render productive; as the richness of a oil.", "4. Fullness; abundance; as the richness of a treasury.", "5. Quality of abounding with something valuable; as the richness of a mine or an ore; the richness of milk or of cane-juice.", "6. Abundance of any ingredient or quality; as the richness of spices or of fragrance.", "7. Abundance of beautiful scenery; as the richness of a landscape or prospect.", "8. Abundance of nutritious qualities; as the richness of diet.", "9. Abundance of high seasoning; as the richness of cake.", "10. Strength; vividness; or whatever constitutes perfection; as the richness of color or coloring.", "11. Abundance of imagery or of striking ideas; as richness of description."], "richly": ["RICH'LY, adv.", "1. With riches; with opulence; with abundance of goods or estate; with ample funds; as a hospital richly endowed.", "In Belmont is a lady richly left.", "2. Gaily; splendidly; magnificently; as richly dressed; richly ornamented.", "3. Plenteously; abundantly; amply as, to be richly paid for services. The reading of ancient authors will richly reward us for the perusal.", "4. Truly; really; abundantly; fully; as a chastisement richly deserved."], "rid": ["RID, pret of ride.", "RID, v.t. pret. rid; pp. id.", "1. To free; to deliver; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver or save.", "That he might rid him out of their hands. Gen. 37.", "I will rid you out of their bondage. Ex. 6.", "2. To separate; to drive away.", "I will rid evil beasts out of the land. Lev. 26.", "This use is not common.", "3. To free; to clear; to disencumber; as, to rid one of his care. It is not easy to rid the sea of pirates.", "Resolv'd at once to rid himself of pain.", "4. To dispatch.", "For willingness rids away.", "5. To drive away; to remove by violence; to destroy.", "Ah death's men! you have rid this sweet young prince.", "RID, pp or a. Free; clear; as, to be rid of trouble.", "To get rid of, to free one's self."], "ridding": ["RID'DING, ppr. Freeing; clearing; disencumbering."], "riddance": ["RID'DANCE, n.", "1. Deliverance; a setting free; as riddance from all adversity.", "2. Disencumbrance.", "3. The act of clearing away.", "Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field. Lev. 23."], "riddle": ["RID'DLE, n. See Cradle.", "An instrument for cleaning grain, being a large sieve with a perforated button, which permits the grain to pass through it, but retains the chaff.", "RID'DLE, v.t. To separate, as grain from the chaff with a riddle; as, to riddle wheat. Note. The machines now used have nearly superseded the riddle.", "RID'DLE, n. See Read.", "1. An enigma; something proposed for conjecture, or that is to be solved by conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition. Judges 14.", "2. Any thing ambiguous or puzzling.", "RID'DLE, v.t. To solve; to explain; but we generally use unriddle, which is more proper.", "Riddle me this, and guess him if you can.", "RID'DLE, v.i. To speak ambiguously, obscurely or enigmatically."], "riddlingly": ["RID'DLINGLY, adv. In the manner of a riddle; secretly."], "ride": ["RIDE, v.i. pret. rode or rid; pp. rid, ridden. L rheda, a chariot or vehicle.", "1. To be carried on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle. We ride on a horse, on a camel, in a coach, chariot, wagon, &c.", "2. To be borne on or in a fluid. A ship rides at anchor; the ark rode on the flood; a balloon rides in the air.", "He rode on a cherub and did fly; yea, he did fly on the wings of the wind. Ps. 18.", "3. To be supported in motion.", "Strong as the axle-tree on which heaven rides.", "4. To practice riding. He rides often for his health.", "5. To manage a horse well.", "He rode, he fenc'd, he mov'd with graceful ease.", "6. To be supported by something subservient; to sit.", "On whose foolish honesty my practices rid easy.", "To ride easy, in seaman's language, is when a ship does not labor or feel a great strain on her cables.", "To ride hard, is when a ship pitches violently, so as to strain her cables, masts and hull.", "To ride out, as a gale, signifies that a ship does not drive during a storm.", "RIDE, v.t.", "1. To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse.", "They ride the air in whirlwind.", "2. To manage insolently at will; as in priestridden.", "The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers, cobblers and brewers.", "3. To carry. Local.", "RIDE, n.", "1. An excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.", "2. A saddle horse. Local.", "3. A road cut in a wood or through a ground for the amusement of riding; a riding."], "riding": ["RI'DING, ppr. from ride.", "1. Passing or traveling on a beast or in a vehicle; floating.", "2. a. Employed to travel on any occasion.", "No suffragan bishop shall have more than one riding apparitor.", "RI'DING, n.", "1. A road cut in a wood or through a ground, for the diversion of riding therein.", "2. corrupted from trithing, third. One of the three intermediate jurisdictions between a three and a hundred, into which the county of York, in England, is divided, anciently under the government of a reeve."], "rider": ["RI'DER, n.", "1. One who is borne on a horse or other beast, or in a vehicle.", "2. One who breaks or manages a horse.", "3. The matrix of an ore.", "4. An inserted leaf or an additional clause, as to a bill in parliament.", "5. In ship building, a short of interior rib fixed occasionally in a ships's hold, opposite to some of the timbers to which they are bolted, and reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame."], "ridge": ["RIDGE, n. L. rugo.", "1. The back or top of the back.", "2. A long or continued range of hills or mountains; or the upper part of such a range. We say, a long ridge of hills, or the highest ridge.", "3. A steep elevation, eminence or protuberance.", "Part rise in crystal wall, or ridge direct.", "4. A long rising land, or a strip of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows. Ps. 65.", "5. The top of the roof of a building.", "6. Any long elevation of land.", "7. Ridges of a horse's mouth, are wrinkles or risings of flesh in the roof of the mouth.", "RIDGE, v.t.", "1. To form a ridge; as bristles that ridge the back of a boar.", "2. In tillage, to form into ridges with the plow. The farmers in Connecticut ridge their land for maize, leaving a balk between two ridges.", "3. To wrinkle."], "rie": ["RIE. See Rye."], "rifle": ["RI'FLE, v.t. This is one of the family of rip, rive, reap, raffle, L. rapio. Eng. rub, &c.", "1. To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away.", "Till time shall rifle ev'ry youthful grace.", "2. To strip; to rob; to pillage; to plunder.", "You have rifled my master.", "RI'FLE, n. This word belongs to the family of rip, rive, L. rapio, &c. supra. The word means primarily a channel or groove.", "A gun about the usual length and size of a musket, the inside of whose barrel is rifled, that is, grooved, or formed with spiral channels.", "RI'FLE, v.t. To groove; to channel."], "rifled": ["RI'FLED, pp. Seized and carried away by violence; pillaged; channeled."], "rifling": ["RI'FLING, ppr. Plundering; seizing and carrying away by violence; grooving."], "right": ["RIGHT, a. rite. L. rectus, from the root of rego, properly to strain or stretch, whence straight.", "Properly; strained; stretched to straightness; hence,", "1. Straight. A right line in geometry is the shortest line that can be drawn or imagined between two points. A right line may be horizontal, perpendicular, or inclined to the plane of the horizon.", "2. In morals and religion, just; equitable; accordant to the standard of truth and justice or the will of God. That alone is right in the sight of God, which is consonant to his will or law; this being the only perfect standard of truth and justice. In social and political affairs, that is right which is consonant to the laws and customs of a country, provided these laws and customs are not repugnant to the laws of God. A man's intentions may be right, though his actions may be wrong in consequence of a defect in judgment.", "3. Fit; suitable; proper; becoming. In things indifferent, or which are regulated by no positive law, that is right which is best suited to the character, occasion or purpose, or which is fitted to produce some good effect. It is right for a rich man to dress himself and his family in expensive clothing, which it would not be right for a poor man to purchase. It is right for every man to choose his own time for eating or exercise.", "Right is a relative term; what may be right for one end, may be wrong for another.", "4. Lawful; as the right heir of an estate.", "5. True; not erroneous or wrong; according to fact.", "If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is certainly right, \"let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.\"", "6. Correct; passing a true judgment; not mistaken or wrong.", "You are right, justice, and you weigh this well.", "7. Not left; most convenient or dextrous; as the right hand, which is generally most strong or most convenient in use.", "8. Most favorable or convenient.", "The lady has been disappointed on the right side.", "9. Properly placed, disposed or adjusted; orderly; well regulated.", "10. Well performed, as an art or act.", "11. Most direct; as the right way from London to Oxford.", "12. Being on the same side as the right hand; as the right side.", "13. Being on the right hand of a person whose face is towards the mouth of a river; as the right bank of the Hudson.", "RIGHT, adv.", "1. In a right or straight line; directly.", "Let thine eyes look right on. Prov. 4.", "2. According to the law or will of God, or to the standard of truth and justice; as, to judge right.", "3. According to any rule of art.", "You with strict discipline instructed right.", "4. According to fact or truth; as, to tell a story right.", "5. In a great degree; very; as right humble; right noble; right valiant. Obsolescent or inelegant.", "6. It is prefixed to titles; as in right honorable; right reverend.", "RIGHT, is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is right, it is true, &c.", "Right, cries his lordship.", "On the right, on the side with the right hand.", "RIGHT, n.", "1. Conformity to the will of God, or to his law, the perfect standard of truth and justice. In the literal sense, right is a straight line of conduct, and wrong a crooked one. Right therefore is rectitude or straightness, and perfect rectitude is found only in an infinite Being and his will.", "2. Conformity to human laws, or to other human standard of truth, propriety or justice. When laws are definite, right and wrong are easily ascertained and understood. In arts, there are some principles and rules which determine what is right. In many things indifferent, or left without positive law, we are to judge what is right by fitness or propriety, by custom, civility or other circumstances.", "3. Justice; that which is due or proper; as, to do right to every man.", "Long love to her has borne the faithful knight, and well deserv'd had fortune done him right.", "4. Freedom from error; conformity with truth or fact.", "Seldom your opinions err, your eyes are always in the right.", "5. Just claim; legal title; ownership; the legal power of exclusive possession and enjoyment. In hereditary monarchies, a right to the throne vests in the heir on the decease of the king. A deed vests the right of possession in the purchaser of land. Right and possession are very different things. We often have occasion to demand and sue for rights not in possession.", "6. Just claim by courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility and decorum. Every man has a right to civil treatment. The magistrate has a right to respect.", "7. Just claim by sovereignty; prerogative. God, as the author of all things, has a right to govern and dispose of them at his pleasure.", "8. That which justly belongs to one.", "Born free, he sought his right.", "9. Property; interest.", "A subject in his prince may claim a right.", "10. Just claim; immunity; privilege. All men have a right to the secure enjoyment of life, personal safety, liberty and property. We deem the right of trial by jury invaluable, particularly in the case of crimes. Rights are natural, civil, political, religious, personal, and public.", "11. Authority; legal power. We have no right to disturb others in the enjoyment of their religious opinions.", "12. In the United States, a tract of land; or a share or proportion of property, as in a mine or manufactory.", "13. The side opposite to the left; as on the right. Look to the right.", "1. To rights, in a direct line; straight. Unusual.", "2. Directly; soon.", "To set to rights,", "To put to rights, to put into good order; to adjust; to regulate what is out of order.", "Bill of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself.", "Writ of right, a writ which lies to recover lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner.", "RIGHT, v.t.", "1. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; as, to right an injured person.", "2. In seamen's language, to right a ship, is to restore her to an upright position from a careen.", "To right the helm, to place it in the middle of the ship.", "RIGHT, v.i. To rise with the masts erect, as a ship."], "righted": ["RIGHTED, pp. Relieved from injustice; set upright."], "rightful": ["RIGHTFUL, a.", "1. Having the right or just claim according to established laws; as the rightful heir to a throne or an estate.", "2. Being by right, or by just claim; as a rightful lord; rightful property; rightful judge.", "3. Just; consonant to justice; as a rightful cause; a rightful war."], "rightfulness": ["RIGHTFULNESS, n.", "1. Justice; accordance with the rules of right; as the rightfulness of a claim to lands or tenements.", "2. Moral rectitude.", "But still although we fail of perfect rightfulness. Not usual."], "righting": ["RIGHTING, pp. Doing justice; to; setting upright."], "rightness": ["RIGHTNESS, n.", "1. Correctness; conformity to truth or to the divine will, which is the standard of moral rectitude. It is important that a man should have such persuasion of the rightness of his conscience as to exclude rational doubt.", "2. Straightness; as the rightness of a line."], "righteous": ["RIGHTEOUS, a. ri'chus.", "1. Just; accordant to the divine law. Applied to persons, it denotes one who is holy in heart, and observant of the divine commands in practice; as a righteous man. Applied to things, it denotes consonant to the divine will or to justice; as a righteous act. It is used chiefly in theology, and applied to God, to his testimonies and to his saints.", "The righteous, in Scripture, denote the servants of God, the saints.", "2. Just; equitable; merited.", "And I thy righteous doom will bless."], "righteously": ["RIGHTEOUSLY, adv. ri'chusly. Justly; in accordance with the laws of justice; equitably; as a criminal righteously condemned.", "Thou shalt judge the people righteously. Ps. 67."], "righteousness": ["RIGHTEOUSNESS, n. ri'chusness.", "1. Purity of heart and rectitude of life; conformity of heart and life to the divine law. Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it is chiefly used, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law. It includes all we call justice, honesty and virtue, with holy affections; in short, it is true religion.", "2. Applied to God, the perfection or holiness of his nature; exact rectitude; faithfulness.", "3. The active and passive obedience of Christ, by which the law of God is fulfilled. Daniel 9.", "4. Justice; equity between man and man. Luke 1.", "5. The cause of our justification.", "The Lord our righteousness. Jer. 23."], "rightly": ["RIGHTLY, adv.", "1. According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; as duty rightly performed.", "2. Properly; fitly; suitably; as a person rightly named.", "3. According to truth or fact; not erroneously. He has rightly conjectured.", "4. Honestly; uprightly.", "5. Exactly.", "Thou didst not rightly see.", "6. Straightly; directly. Not in use."], "ring": ["RING, n.", "1. A circle, or a circular line, or any thing in the form of a circular line or hoop. Thus we say of men, they formed themselves into a ring, to see a wrestling match. Rings of gold were made for the ark. Ex. 25. Rings of gold or other material are worn on the fingers and sometimes in the ears, as ornaments.", "2. A circular course.", "Place me, O place me in the dusty ring, where youthful charioteers contend for glory.", "RING, n. from the verb.", "1. A sound; particularly, the sound of metals; as the ring of a bell.", "2. Any loud sound, or the sounds of numerous voices; or sound continued, repeated or reverberated; as the ring of acclamations.", "3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned.", "RING, v.t. pret. and pp. rung.", "To cause to sound, particularly by striking a metallic body; as, to ring a bell. This word expresses appropriately the sounding of metals.", "RING, v.t. from the noun.", "1. To encircle.", "2. To fit with rings, as the fingers, or as a swine's snout. Farmers ring swine to prevent their rooting.", "And ring these fingers with thy household worms.", "RING, v.i.", "1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a metallic one.", "2. To practice the art of making music with bells.", "3. To sound; to resound.", "With sweeter notes each rising temple rung.", "4. To utter, as a bell; to sound.", "The shardborn beetle with his drowsy hums, hath rung night's yawning peal.", "5. To tinkle; to have the sensation of sound continued.", "My ears still ring with noise.", "6. To be filled with report or talk. The whole town rings with his fame."], "ringing": ["RING'ING, ppr. Causing to sound, as a bell; sounding; fitting with rings.", "RING'ING, n. The act of sounding or of causing to sound."], "ringlead": ["RING'LEAD, v.t. To conduct. Little used."], "ringleader": ["RING'LEADER, n. ring and leader. The leader of any association of men engaged in violating of law or an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers and the like. this name is derived from the practice which men associating to oppose law have sometimes adopted, of signing their names to articles of agreement in a ring, that no one of their number might be distinguished as the leader."], "rinse": ["RINSE, v.t. rins. Our common people pronounce this word rens, retaining their native pronunciation. This is one of a thousand instances in which the purity of our vernacular language has been corrupted by those who have understood French better than their mother tongue.", "1. To wash; to cleanse by washing. But in present usage,", "2. To cleanse with a second or repeated application of water, after washing. We distinguish washing from rinsing. Washing is performed by rubbing, or with the use of soap; rinsing is performed with clean water, without much rubbing or the use of soap. Clothes are rinsed by dipping and dashing; and vessels are rinsed by dashing water on them, or by slight rubbing. A close barrel may be rinsed, but cannot well be washed."], "rinsed": ["RINS'ED, pp. Cleansed with a second water; cleaned."], "rinsing": ["RINS'ING, ppr. Cleansing with a second water."], "riot": ["RI'OT, n.", "1. In a general sense, tumult; uproar; hence technically, in law, a riotous assembling of twelve persons or more, and not dispersing upon proclamation.", "The definition of riot must depend on the laws. In Connecticut, the assembling of three persons or more, to do an unlawful act by violence against the person or property of another, and not dispersing upon proclamation, is declared to be a riot. In Massachusetts and New Hampshire, the number necessary to constitute a riot is twelve.", "2. Uproar; wild and noisy festivity.", "3. Excessive and expensive feasting. 2Peter 2.", "4. Luxury.", "The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed today.", "To run riot, to act or move without control or restraint.", "RI'OT, v.i.", "1. To revel; to run to excess in feasting, drinking or other sensual indulgences.", "2. To luxuriate; to be highly excited.", "No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows.", "3. To banquet; to live in luxury; to enjoy.", "How base is the ingratitude which forgets the benefactor, while it is rioting on the benefit!", "4. To raise an uproar or sedition."], "rioting": ["RI'OTING, ppr. Reveling; indulging in excessive feasting.", "RI'OTING, n. A reveling."], "riotous": ["RI'OTOUS, a.", "1. Luxurious; wanton or licentious in festive indulgences; as riotous eaters of flesh. Prov. 23.", "2. Consisting of riot; tumultuous; partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly; seditious.", "3. Guilty of riot; applied to persons."], "riotously": ["RI'OTOUSLY, adv.", "1. With excessive or licentious luxury.", "2. In the manner of an unlawful assembly; tumultuously; seditiously."], "riotousness": ["RI'OTOUSNESS, n. The state or quality of being riotous."], "rip": ["RIP, v.t. L. rapio. Eng. reap and rive; allied perhaps to the L. crepo.", "1. To separate by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip open a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip open a sack; to rip off the shingles or clapboards of a house; to rip up a floor. We never use lacerate in these senses, but apply it to a partial tearing of the skin and flesh.", "2. To take out or away by cutting or tearing.", "He'll rip the fatal secret from her heart.", "3. To tear up for search or disclosure or for alteration; to search to the bottom; with up.", "You rip up the original of Scotland.", "They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion.", "4. To rip out, as an oath. L crepo.", "RIP, n.", "1. A tearing; a place torn; laceration.", "2. A wicker basket to carry fish in.", "3. Refuse. Not in use or local."], "ripped": ["RIP'PED, pp. Torn or cut off or out; torn open."], "ripping": ["RIP'PING, ppr. Cutting or tearing off or open; tearing up.", "RIP'PING, n.", "1. A tearing.", "2. A discovery. Obs."], "ripe": ["RIPE, a.", "1. Brought to perfection in growth or to the best state; mature; fit for use; as ripe fruit; ripe corn.", "2. Advanced to perfection; matured; as ripe judgment, or ripe in judgment.", "3. Finished; consummate; as a ripe scholar.", "4. Brought to the point of taking effect; matured; ready; prepared; as things just ripe for war.", "5. Fully qualified by improvement; prepared; as a student ripe for the university; a saint ripe for heaven.", "6. Resembling the ripeness of fruit; as a ripe lip.", "7. Complete; proper for use.", "When time is ripe.", "8. Maturated; suppurated; as an abscess or tumor.", "RIPE, v.i. To ripen; to grow ripe; to be matured. Not used. See Ripen.", "RIPE, v.t. To mature; to ripen. Not used."], "ripely": ["RI'PELY, adv. Maturely; at the fit time."], "ripeness": ["RI'PENESS, n.", "1. The state of being ripe or brought to that state of perfection which fits for use; maturity; as the ripeness of grain.", "2. Full growth.", "Time which made them their fame outlive, to Cowley scarce did ripeness give.", "3. Perfection; completeness; as the ripeness of virtue, wisdom or judgment.", "4. Fitness; qualification.", "5. Complete maturation or suppuration, as of an ulcer or abscess.", "6. A state of preparation; as the ripeness of a project for execution."], "ripen": ["RIPEN, v.i. ri'pn.", "1. To grow ripe; to be matured; as grain or fruit. Grain ripens best in dry weather.", "2. To approach or come to perfection; to be fitted or prepared; as, a project is ripening for execution.", "RIPEN, v.t. ri'pn.", "1. To mature; to make ripe; as grain or fruit.", "2. To mature; to fit or prepare; as, to ripen one for heaven.", "3. To bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment."], "rise": ["RISE, v.i. rize. pret. rose; pp. risen; pron. rose, rizn. See Raise.", "1. To move to pass upward in any manner; to ascend; as, a fog rises from a river or from low ground; a fish rises in water; fowls rise in the air; clouds rise from the horizon towards the meridian; a balloon rises above the clouds.", "2. To get up; to leave the place of sleep or rest; as, to rise from bed.", "3. To get up or move from any recumbent to an erect posture; as, to rise after a fall.", "4. To get up from a seat; to leave a sitting posture; as, to rise from a sofa or chair.", "5. To spring; to grow; as a plant; hence, to be high or tall. A tree rises to the height of 60 feet.", "6. To swell in quantity or extent; to be more elevated; as, a river rises after a rain.", "7. To break forth; to appear; as, a boil rises on the skin.", "8. To appear above the horizon; to shine; as, the sun or a star rises.", "He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good. Matt. 5.", "9. To begin to exist; to originate; to come into being or notice. Great evils sometimes rise from small imprudences.", "10. To be excited; to begin to move or act; as, the wind rose at 12 o'clock.", "11. To increase in violence. The wind continued to rise till 3 o'clock.", "12. To appear in view; as, to rise up to the reader's view.", "13. To appear in sight; also, to appear more elevated; as in sailing towards a shore, the land rises.", "14. To change a station; to leave a place; as, to rise from a siege.", "15. To spring; to be excited or produced. A thought now rises in my mind.", "16. To gain elevation in rank, fortune or public estimation; to be promoted. Men may rise by industry, by merit, by favor, or by intrigue.", "Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall.", "When the wicked rise, men hide themselves. Prov. 28.", "17. To break forth into public commotions; to make open opposition to government; or to assemble and oppose government; or to assemble in arms for attacking another nation. The Greeks have risen against their oppressors.", "No more shall nation against nation rise.", "18. To be excited or roused into action.", "Rise up to the battle. Jer. 49.", "19. To make a hostile attack; as when a man riseth against his neighbor. Deut. 22.", "Also, to rebel. 2Sam. 18.", "20. To increase; to swell; to grow more or greater. A voice, feeble at first, rises to thunder. The price of good rises. The heat rises to intensity.", "21. To be improved; to recover from depression; as, a family may rise after misfortune to opulence and splendor.", "22. To elevate the style or manner; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence.", "23. To be revived from death.", "The dead in Christ shall rise first. 1Thess. 4.", "24. To come by chance.", "25. To ascend; to be elevated above the level or surface; as, the ground rises gradually one hundred yards. The Andes rise more than 20,000 feet above the level of the ocean; a mountain in Asia is said to rise still higher.", "26. To proceed from.", "A scepter shall rise out of Israel. Numbers 24.", "27. To have its sources in. Rivers rise in lakes, ponds and springs.", "28. To be moved, roused, excited, kindled or inflamed, as passion. His wrath rose to rage.", "29. To ascend in the diatonic scale; as, to rise a tone or semitone.", "30. To amount. The public debt rises to a hundred million.", "31. To close a session. We say, congress will rise on the 4th of March; the legislature or the court will rise on a certain day.", "This verb is written also arise, which see. In general, it is indifferent which orthography is used; but custom has, in some cases, established one to the exclusion of the other. Thus we never say, the price of goods arises, when we mean advanced, but we always say, the price rises. We never say, the ground arises to a certain altitude, and rarely, a man arises into an office or station. It is hardly possible to class or define the cases in which usage has established a difference in the orthography of this verb.", "RISE, n. rise.", "1. The act of rising, either in a literal or figurative sense; ascent; as the rise of vapor in the air; the rise of mercury in the barometer; the rise of water in a river.", "2. The act of springing or mounting from the ground; as the rise of the feet in leaping.", "3. Ascent; elevation, or degree of ascent; as the rise of a hill or mountain.", "4. Spring; source; origin; as the rise of a stream in a mountain. All sin has its rise in the heart.", "5. Any place elevated above the common level; as a rise of land.", "6. Appearance above the horizon; as the rise of the sun or a star.", "7. Increase; advance; as a rise in the price of wheat.", "8. Advance in rank, honor, property or fame. Observe a man after his rise to office, or a family after its rise from obscurity.", "9. Increase of sound on the same key; a swelling of the voice.", "10. Elevation or ascent of the voice in the diatonic scale; as a rise of a tone or semitone.", "11. Increase; augmentation.", "12. A bough or branch. Not in use."], "rising": ["RI'SING, ppr.", "1. Getting up; ascending; mounting; springing; proceeding from; advancing; swelling; increasing; appearing above the horizon; reviving from death, &c.", "2. Increasing in wealth, power or distinction; as a rising state; a rising character.", "RI'SING, n.", "1. The act of getting up from any recumbent or sitting posture.", "2. The act of ascending; as the rising of vapor.", "3. The act of closing a session, as of a public body; as the rising of the legislature.", "4. The appearance of the sun or a star above the horizon.", "5. The act of reviving from the dead; resurrection.", "Mark 9.", "6. A tumor on the body. Lev. 13.", "7. An assembling in opposition to government; insurrection; sedition or mutiny."], "risen": ["RIS'EN, pp. See Rise."], "rite": ["RITE, n. L. ritus.", "The manner of performing divine or solemn service as established by law, precept or custom; formal act of religion, or other solemn duty. The rites of the Israelites were numerous and expensive; the rites of modern churches are more simple. Funeral rites are very different in different countries. The sacrament is a holy rite."], "river": ["RI'VER, n. One who rives or splits."], "road": ["ROAD, n. L. gradior. See Grade.", "1. An open way or public passage; ground appropriated for travel, forming a communication between one city, town or place and another. The word is generally applied to highways, and as a generic term it includes highway, street and lane. The military roads of the Romans were paved with stone, or formed of gravel or pebbles, and some of them remain to this day entire.", "2. A place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; sometimes called roadstead, that is, a place for riding, meaning at anchor.", "3. A journey. Not used, but we still use ride as a noun; as a long ride; a short ride; the same word differently written.", "4. An inroad; incursion of an enemy. Not in use.", "On the road, passing; traveling."], "roar": ["ROAR, v.i.", "1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound; to bellow, as a beast; as a roaring bull; a roaring lion.", "2. To cry aloud, as in distress.", "The suff'ring chief roar'd out for anguish.", "3. To cry aloud; to bawl; as a child.", "4. To cause a loud continued sound. We say, the sea or the wind roars; a company roar in acclamation.", "5. To make a loud noise.", "The brazen throat of war had ceas'd to roar.", "ROAR, n.", "1. A full loud sound of some continuance; the cry of a beast; as the roar of a lion or bull.", "2. The loud cry of a child or person in distress.", "3. Clamor; outcry of joy or mirth; as a roar of laughter. he set the company in a roar.", "4. The loud continued sound of the sea in a storm, or the howling of a tempest.", "5. Any loud sound of some continuance; as the roar of cannon."], "roaring": ["ROARING, ppr. Crying like a bull or lion; uttering a deep loud sound.", "ROARING, n. The cry of a lion or other beast; outcry of distress, Job 3; loud continued sound of the billows of the sea or of a tempest. Is. 5."], "roast": ["ROAST, v.t. If the verb is from the noun, the sense is to dress or cook on a gridiron or grate, and rist, rost, coincide in elements with L. rastellum, a rake. If the verb is the root, the sense probably is to contract or crisp, or to throw or agitate, hence to make rough.", "1. To cook, dress or prepare meat for the table by exposing it to heat, as on a spit. In a bake-pan, in an oven or the like. We now say, to roast meat on a spit, in a pan, or in a tin oven, &c.; to bake meat in an oven; to broil meat on a gridiron.", "2. To prepare for food by exposure to heat; as, to roast apples or potatoes; to roast eggs.", "3. To heat to excess; to heat violently.", "Roasted in wrath and fire.", "4. To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee.", "5. In metallurgy, to dissipate the volatile parts of ore by heat.", "6. In common discourse, to jeer; to banter severely.", "ROAST, n. That which is roasted.", "ROAST, a. for roasted. Roasted; as roast beef.", "ROAST, n. In the phrase, to rule the roast, this word is a corrupt pronunciation."], "roasted": ["ROASTED, pp. Dressed by exposure to heat on a spit."], "roasting": ["ROASTING, ppr.", "1. Preparing for the table by exposure to heat on a spit; drying and parching.", "2. Bantering with severity.", "ROASTING, n. A severe teasing or bantering."], "rob": ["ROB, n.", "The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mixed with honey or sugar to the consistence of a conserve.", "ROB, v.t.", "1. In law, to take from the person of another feloniously, forcibly and by putting him in fear; as, to rob a passenger on the road.", "2. To seize and carry from any thing by violence and with felonious intent; as, to rob a coach; to rob the mail.", "3. To plunder; to strip unlawfully; as, to rob an orchard; to rob a man of his just praise.", "4. To take away by oppression or by violence.", "Rob not the poor because he is poor. Prov. 22.", "5. To take from; to deprive. A large tree robs smaller plants near it of their nourishment.", "6. In a loose sense, to steal; to take privately without permission of the owner.", "7. To withhold what is due. Mal 3."], "robbed": ["ROB'BED, pp. Deprived feloniously and by violence; plundered; seized and carried away by violence."], "robbing": ["ROB'BING, ppr. Feloniously taking from the person of another; putting him in fear; stripping; plundering; taking from another unlawfully or by wrong or oppression."], "robber": ["ROB'BER, n.", "1. In law, one that takes goods or money from the person of another by force or menaces, and with a felonious intent.", "2. In a looser sense, one who takes that to which he has no right; one who steals, plunders or strips by violence and wrong."], "robbery": ["ROB'BERY, n.", "1. In law, the forcible and felonious taking from the person of another any money or goods, putting him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death or personal injury. Robbery differs from theft, as it is a violent felonious taking from the person or presence of another; whereas theft is a felonious taking of goods privately from the person, dwelling, &c. of another. These words should not be confounded.", "2. A plundering; a pillaging; a taking away by violence, wrong or oppression."], "robe": ["ROBE, n.", "1. A kind of gown or long loose garment worn over other dress, particularly by persons in elevated stations. The robe is properly a dress of state or dignity, as of princes, judges, priests, &c. See Ex. 29:55. 1Sam. 24:4. Matt. 27:28.", "2. A splendid female gown or garment. 2Sam. 13.", "3. An elegant dress; splendid attire.", "4. In Scripture, the vesture of purity or righteousness, and of happiness. Job 29. Luke 15.", "ROBE, v.t.", "1. To put on a robe; or to dress with magnificence; to array.", "2. To dress; to invest, as with beauty or elegance; as fields robed with green.", "Such was his power over the expression of his countenance, that he could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter, and robe it in the brightest smiles of spring."], "robed": ["RO'BED, pp. Dressed with a robe; arrayed with elegance."], "rock": ["ROCK, n. Gr., L. rupes, from the root of rumpo, to break or burst. If this is not the origin of rock, I know not to what root to assign it.", "1. A large mass of stony matter, usually compounded of two or more simple minerals, either bedded in the earth or resting on its surface. Sometimes rocks compose the principal part of huge mountains; sometimes hugh rocks lie on the surface of the earth, in detached blocks or masses. Under this term, mineralogists class all mineral substances, coal, gypsum, salt, &c.", "2. In Scripture, figuratively, defense; means of safety; protection; strength; asylum.", "The Lord is my rock. 2Sam. 22.", "3. Firmness; a firm or immovable foundation. Ps. 28.", "Matt. 7. Matt. 16.", "4. A species of vulture or condor.", "5. A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales.", "ROCK, n.", "A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, from which the thread is drawn in spinning.", "ROCK, v.t.", "1. To move backward and forward, as a body resting on a foundation; as, to rock a cradle; to rock a chair; to rock a mountain. It differs from shake, as denoting a slower and more uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.", "A rising earthquake rock'd the ground.", "2. To move backwards and forwards in a cradle, chair, &c.; as, to rock a child to sleep.", "3. To lull to quiet.", "Sleep rock thy brain. Unusual.", "ROCK, v.i. To be moved backwards and forwards; to reel.", "The rocking town supplants their footsteps."], "rocked": ["ROCK'ED, pp. from rock, the verb. Moved one way and the other."], "rocking": ["ROCK'ING, ppr. Moving backwards and forwards."], "rod": ["ROD, n. L. radius, ray, radix, root.", "1. The shoot or long twig of any woody plant; a branch, or the stem of a shrub; as a rod of hazle, of birch, of oak or hickory. Hence,", "2. An instrument of punishment or correction; chastisement.", "I will chasten him with the rod of men. 2Sam. 7. Prov. 10.", "3. Discipline; ecclesiastical censures. 1Cor. 4.", "4. A king of scepter.", "The rod and bird of peace.", "5. A pole for angling; something long and slender.", "6. An instrument for measuring; but more generally, a measure of length containing five yards, or sixteen feet and a half; a pole; a perch. In many parts of the United States, rod is universally used for pole or perch.", "7. In Scripture, a staff or wand. 1Sam. 14.", "8. Support.", "Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me. Ps. 23.", "9. A shepherd's crook. Lev. 27.", "10. An instrument for threshing. Is. 28.", "11. Power; authority. Ps. 125.", "12. A tribe or race. Ps. 74.", "Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ. Rev. 19. Ps. 2."], "rode": ["RODE, pret. of ride; also, a cross. See Rood."], "roebuck": ["ROEBUCK, n.", "1. A species of deer, the Cervus capreolus, with erect cylindrical branched horns, forked at the summit. This is one of the smallest of the cervine genus, but of elegant shape and remarkably nimble. It prefers a mountainous country, and herds in families.", "2. Roe, the female of the hart."], "roll": ["ROLL, v.t. It is usual to consider this word as formed by contraction from the Latin rotula, a little wheel, from rota.", "1. To move by turning on the surface, or with a circular motion in which all parts of the surface are successively applied to a plane; as, to roll a barrel or puncheon; to roll a stone or ball. Sisyphus was condemned to roll a stone to the top of a hill, which, when he had done so, rolled down again, and thus his punishment was eternal.", "2. To revolve; to turn on its axis; as, to roll a wheel or a planet.", "3. To move in a circular direction.", "To dress, to troll the tongue and roll the eye.", "4. To wrap round on itself; to form into a circular or cylindrical body; as, to roll a piece of cloth; to roll a sheet of paper; to roll parchment; to roll tobacco.", "5. To enwrap; to bind or involve in a bandage or the like.", "6. To form by rolling into round masses.", "7. To drive or impel any body with a circular motion, or to drive forward with violence or in a stream. The ocean rolls its billows to the shore. A river rolls its water to the ocean.", "8. To spread with a roller or rolling pin; as, to roll paste.", "9. To produce a periodical revolution.", "Heav'n shone and roll'd her motions.", "10. To press or level with a roller; as, to roll a field.", "To roll one's self, to wallow. Mic. 1.", "ROLL, v.i.", "1. To move by turning on the surface, or with the successive application of all parts of the surface to a plane; as, a ball or a wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an inclined plane.", "2. To move, turn or run on an axis; as a wheel. In this sense, revolve is more generally used.", "3. To run on wheels.", "And to the rolling chair is bound.", "4. To revolve; to perform a periodical revolution; as the rolling year. Ages roll away.", "5. To turn; to move circularly.", "And his red eyeballs roll with living fire.", "6. To float in rough water; to be tossed about.", "Twice ten tempestuous nights I roll'd -", "7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions. Waves roll on waves.", "8. To fluctuate; to move tumultuously.", "What diff'rent sorrows did within thee roll.", "9. To be moved with violence; to be hurled.", "Down they fell by thousands, angel on archangel roll'd.", "10. To be formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls well.", "11. To spread under a roller or rolling pin. The paste rolls well.", "12. To wallow; to tumble; as, a horse rolls.", "13. To rock or move from side; as, a ship rolls in a calm.", "14. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear.", "ROLL, n.", "1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; as the roll of a ball.", "2. The thing rolling.", "3. A mass made round; something like a ball or cylinder; as a roll of fat; a roll of wool.", "4. A roller; a cylinder of wood, iron or stone; as a roll to break clods.", "5. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as a roll of woolen or satin; a roll of lace.", "6. A cylindrical twist of tobacco.", "7. An official writing; a list; a register; a catalogue; as a muster-roll; a court roll.", "8. The beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.", "9. Rolls of court, of parliament, or of any public body, are the parchments on which are engrossed, by the proper officer, the acts and proceedings of that body, and which being kept in rolls, constitute the records of such public body.", "10. In antiquity, a volume; a book consisting of leaf, bark, paper, skin or other material on which the ancients wrote, and which being kept rolled or folded, was called in Latin volume, from volvo, to roll. Hence.", "11. A chronicle; history; annals.", "Nor names more noble graced the rolls of fame.", "12. Part; office; that is, round of duty, like turn. Obs."], "rolled": ["ROLLED, pp. Moved by turning; formed into a round or cylindrical body; leveled with a roller, as land."], "rolling": ["ROLLING, ppr. Turning over; revolving; forming into a cylinder or round mass; leveling, as land.", "ROLLING, n. The motion of a ship from side to side."], "roller": ["ROLLER, n.", "1. That which rolls; that which turns on its own axis; particularly, a cylinder of wood, stone or metal, used in husbandry and the arts. Rollers are of various kinds and used for various purposes.", "2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in surgery.", "3. A bird of the magpie kind, about the size of a jay.", "A bird of the genus Coracias, found in Europe; called also the German parrot."], "roman": ["RO'MAN, a. L. Romanus, from Roma, the principal city of the Romans in Italy. Rome is the oriental name Ramah, elevated, that is, a hill; for fortresses and towns were often placed on hills for security; Heb. to be high, to raise.", "1. Pertaining to Rome, or to the Roman people.", "2. Romish; popish; professing the religion of the pope.", "Roman catholic, as an adjective, denoting the religion professed by the people of Rome and of Italy, at the head of which is the pope or bishop of Rome; as a noun, one who adheres to the papal religion.", "RO'MAN, n.", "1. A native of rome.", "2. A citizen of Rome; one enjoying the privileges of a Roman citizen.", "3. One of the christian church at Rome to which Paul addressed an epistle, consisting of converts from Judaism or paganism."], "romanism": ["RO'MANISM, n. The tenets of the church of Rome."], "romanize": ["RO'MANIZE, v.t.", "1. To latinize; to fill with Latin words or modes of speech.", "2. To convert to the Roman catholic religion, or to papistical opinions.", "RO'MANIZE, v.i. To conform to Romish opinions, customs or modes of speech."], "romanized": ["RO'MANIZED, pp. Latinized."], "roof": ["ROOF, n.", "1. The cover or upper part of a house or other building, consisting of rafters covered with boards, shingles or tiles, with a side or sides sloping from the ridge, for the purpose of carrying off the water that falls in rain or snow. In Asia, the roofs of houses are flat or horizontal. The same name, roof, is given to the sloping covers of huts, cabins and ricks; to the arches of ovens, furnaces, &c.", "2. A vault; an arch; or the interior of a vault; as the roof of heaven.", "3. The vault of the mouth; the upper part of the mouth; the palate.", "If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth. Ps. 137.", "ROOF, v.t.", "1. To cover with a roof.", "I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings, that have not been roofed with vaults or arches.", "2. To inclose in a house; to shelter.", "Here had we now our country's honor roof'd."], "roofed": ["ROOF'ED, pp. Furnished or covered with a roof or arch."], "roofing": ["ROOF'ING, ppr. Covering with a roof.", "ROOF'ING, n. The materials of which a roof is composed; or materials for a roof."], "room": ["ROOM, n.", "1. Space; compass; extent of place, great or small. Let the words occupy as little room as possible.", "2. Space or place unoccupied.", "Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room. Luke 14.", "3. Place for reception or admission of any thing. In this case, there is no room for doubt or for argument.", "4. Place of another; stead; as in succession or substitution. One magistrate or king comes in the room of a former one. We often place one thing in the room of another. 1Kings 20.", "5. Unoccupied opportunity. The eager pursuit of wealth leaves little room for serious reflection.", "6. An apartment in a house; any division separated from the rest by a partition; as a parlor, drawing room or bed-room; also an apartment in a ship, as the cook-room, bread-room, gun-room, &c.", "7. A seat. Luke 14.", "To make room, to open a way or passage; to free from obstructions.", "To make room, to open a space or place for any thing.", "To give room, to withdraw; to leave space unoccupied for others to pass or to be seated.", "ROOM, v.i. To occupy an apartment; to lodge; an academic use of the word. A B rooms at No. 7."], "roomful": ["ROOM'FUL, a. Abounding with rooms."], "root": ["ROOT, n. L. radix. A root is a shoot, and only a different application of rod, L. radius.", "1. That part of a plant which enters and fixes itself in the earth, and serves to support the plant in an erect position, while by means of its fibrils it imbibes nutriment for the stem, branches and fruit.", "2. The part of any thing that resembles the roots of a plant in manner of growth; as the roots of a cancer, of teeth, &c.", "3. The bottom or lower part of any thing.", "Deep to the roots of hell -", "Burnet uses root of a mountain, but we now say base, foot or bottom. See Job 28:9.", "4. A plant whose root is esculent or the most useful part; as beets, carrots, &c.", "5. The original or cause of any thing.", "The love of money is the root of all evil. 1Tim. 6.", "6. The first ancestor.", "They were the roots out of which sprung two distinct people -", "7. In arithmetic and algebra, the root of any quantity is such a quantity as, when multiplied into itself a certain number of times, will exactly produce that quantity. Thus 2 is a root of 4, because when multiplied into itself, it exactly produces 4.", "8. Means of growth. \"He hath no root in himself;\" that is, no soil in which grace can grow and flourish. Matt. 13.", "9. In music, the fundamental note of any chord.", "Root of bitterness, in Scripture, any error, sin or evil that produces discord or immorality.", "To take root, to become planted or fixed; or to be established; to increase and spread.", "to take deep root, to be firmly planted or established; to be deeply impressed."], "rooted": ["ROOT'ED, pp. Having its roots planted or fixed in the earth; hence, fixed; deep; radical; as rooted sorrow; rooted aversion; rooted prejudices."], "rooting": ["ROOT'ING, ppr. Striking or taking root; turning up with the snout."], "rope": ["ROPE, n.", "1. A large string or line composed of several strands twisted together. It differs from cord, line and string, only in its size; being the name given to all sorts of cordage above an inch in circumference. Indeed the smaller ropes, when used for certain purposes, are called lines.", "Ropes are by seamen ranked under two descriptions, cable-laid, and hawser-laid; the former composed of nine strands, or three great strands, each consisting of three small ones; the latter made with three strands, each composed of a certain number of rope-yarns.", "2. A row or string consisting of a number of things united; as a rope of onions.", "3. Ropes, the intestines of birds.", "Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble union or tie; a band easily broken.", "ROPE, v.i. To draw out or extend into a filament or thread, by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality. Any glutinous substance will rope considerably before it will part."], "rose": ["ROSE, n. s as z. L., Gr. from the root of red, ruddy. See Red.", "1. A plant and flower of the genus Rosa, of many species and varieties, as the wild canine or dog-rose, the white rose, the red rose, the cinnamon rose, the eglantine or sweet briar, &c. There are five petals; the calyx is urceolate, quinquefid, and corneous; the seeds are numerous, hispid, and fixed to the inside of the calyx.", "2. A knot of ribbon in the form of a rose, used as an ornamental tie of a shoe.", "Under the rose, in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure.", "Rose of Jericho, a plant growing on the plain of Jericho, the Anastatica hierochuntica.", "ROSE, pret. of rise."], "rosed": ["RO'SED, A crimsoned; flushed."], "rot": ["ROT, v.i.", "To lose the natural cohesion and organization of parts, as animal and vegetable substances; to be decomposed and resolved into its original component parts by the natural process, or the gradual operation of heat and air; to putrefy.", "ROT, v.t. To make putrid; to cause to be decomposed by the natural operation of air and heat; to bring to corruption.", "ROT, n.", "1. A fatal distemper incident to sheep, usually supposed to be owing to wet seasons and moist pastures. The immediate cause of the mortality of sheep, in this disease, is found to be a great number of small animals, called flukes, (Fascida,) found in the liver, and supposed to be produced from eggs swallowed with their food.", "2. Putrefaction; putrid decay.", "3. Dry rot, in timber, the decay of the wood without the access of water."], "rotative": ["RO'TATIVE, a. Turning, as a wheel; rotary. Little used."], "rotten": ["ROTTEN, a. rot'n.", "1. Putrid; carious; decomposed by the natural process of decay; as a rotten plank.", "2. Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective in principle; treacherous; deceitful.", "3. Defective in substance; not sound or hard.", "4. Fetid; ill smelling."], "rottenness": ["ROT'TENNESS, n. State of being decayed or putrid; cariousness; putrefaction; unsoundness."], "rough": ["ROUGH, a. L. raucus. Eng. rye, that is rough. L. ruga, a wrinkle. Gr. to snore. L. ruga, a wrinkle, a ridge. See Ridge. The primary sense is to stretch or strain; but applied to roughness or wrinkling, it is to draw or contract, a straining together.", "1. Having inequalities, small ridges or points on the surface; not smooth or plane; as a rough board, a rough stone; rough cloth.", "2. Stony; abounding with stones and stumps; as rough land; or simply with stones; as a rough road.", "3. Not wrought or polished; as a rough diamond.", "4. Thrown into huge waves; violently agitated; as a rough sea.", "5. Tempestuous; stormy; boisterous; as rough weather.", "6. Austere to the taste; harsh; as rough wine.", "7. Harsh to the ear; grating; jarring; unharmonious; as rough sounds; rough numbers.", "8. Rugged of temper; severe; austere; rude; not mild or courteous.", "A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.", "9. Coarse in manners; rude.", "A surly boatman, rough as seas and wind.", "10. Harsh; violent; not easy; as a rough remedy.", "11. Hard featured; not delicate; as a rough visage.", "12. Harsh; severe; uncivil; as rough usage.", "13. Terrible; dreadful.", "On the rough edge of battle, ere it join'd, Satan advanc'd.", "14. Rugged; disordered in appearance; coarse.", "Rough from the tossing surge Ulysses moves.", "15. Hairy; shaggy; covered with hairs, bristles and the like."], "roughings": ["ROUGHINGS, n. ruf'ings. Grass after mowing or reaping. Local."], "roughness": ["ROUGHNESS, n. ruf'ness.", "1. Unevenness of surface, occasioned by small prominences; asperity of surface; as the roughness of a board, of a floor, or of a rock.", "2. Austereness to the taste; as the roughness of sloes.", "3. Taste of astringency.", "4. Harshness to the ear; as the roughness of sounds.", "5. Ruggedness of temper; harshness; austerity.", "6. Coarseness of manners or behavior; rudeness.", "Severity breedeth fear; but roughness breedeth hate.", "7. Want of delicacy or refinement; as military roughness.", "8. Severity; harshness or violence of discipline.", "9. Violence of operation in medicines.", "10. Unpolished or unfinished state; as the roughness of a gem or a draught.", "11. Inelegance of dress or appearance.", "12. Tempestuousness; boisterousness; as of winds or weather.", "13. Violent agitation by wind; as the roughness of the sea in a storm.", "14. Coarseness of features."], "roughly": ["ROUGHLY, adv. ruf'ly.", "1. With uneven surface; with asperities on the surface.", "2. Harshly; uncivilly; rudely; as, to be treated roughly.", "3. Severely; without tenderness; as, to blame too roughly.", "4. Austerely to the taste.", "5. Boisterously; tempestuously.", "6. Harshly to the ear.", "7. Violently; not gently."], "round": ["ROUND, a.", "1. Cylindrical; circular; spherical or globular. Round is applicable to a cylinder as well as to a globe or sphere. We say, the barrel of a musket is round; a ball is round; a circle is round.", "2. Full; large; as a round sum or price."], "rounding": ["ROUND'ING, ppr.", "1. Making round or circular.", "2. Making full, flowing and smooth.", "ROUND'ING, a. Round or roundish; nearly round.", "ROUND'ING, n. Among seamen, old ropes wound about the part of the cable which lies in the hawse, or athwart the stem, to prevent its chafing.", "Rounding in, a pulling upon a slack rope, which passes through one or more blocks in a direction nearly horizontal. Rounding up is a pulling in like manner, when a tackle hangs in a perpendicular direction."], "roundness": ["ROUND'NESS, n.", "1. The quality of being round, circular, spherical, globular or cylindrical; circularity; sphericity; cylindrical form; rotundity; as the roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, &c.", "2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as the roundness of a period.", "3. Openness; plainness; boldness; positiveness; as the roundness of an assertion."], "rounds": ["ROUNDS, n. plu.", "1. See Round, n. No. 5.", "2. Round-top. See Top."], "rouse": ["ROUSE, v.t. rouz. This word, written also arouse, seems to belong to the family of raise or rush. See Raise.", "1. To wake from sleep or repose. Gen. 49.", "2. To excite to thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupidity or inattention.", "3. To put into action; to agitate.", "Blust'ring winds that rous'd the sea.", "4. To drive a beast from his den or place of rest.", "ROUSE, v.i.", "1. To awake from sleep or repose.", "Morpheus rouses from his bed.", "2. To be excited to thought or action from a state of indolence, sluggishness, languor or inattention.", "ROUSE, v.i. In seamen's language, to pull together upon a cable, &c. without the assistance of tackles or other mechanical power.", "ROUSE, n. rouz.", "A full glass of liquor; a bumper in honor of a health. Obs."], "roused": ["ROUS'ED, pp. Awakened from sleep; excited to thought or action."], "rousing": ["ROUS'ING, ppr.", "1. Awaking from sleep; exciting; calling into action.", "2. a. Having power to awaken or excite.", "3. Great; violent; as a rousing fire. Vulgar."], "rover": ["RO'VER, n.", "1. A wanderer; one who rambles about.", "2. A fickle or inconstant person.", "3. A robber or pirate; a freebooter. So corsair is from L. cursus, curro, to run.", "At rovers, without any particular aim; at random; as shooting at rovers.", "I never heard this expression in the United States."], "row": ["ROW, n.", "A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as a row of trees; a row of gems or pearls; a row of houses or columns.", "Where the bright Seraphim in burning row.", "ROW, v.t. Gr. to row, an oar. If the noun is the primary word, ruder and rother, an oar, may be from the root of rod, L. radius, or from the root of rado, to rub, grate, sweep. If the verb is the primary word, the sense is to sweep, to urge, drive, impel. See Rudder.", "1. To impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water by oars; as, to row a boat.", "2. To transport by rowing; as, to row the captain ashore in his barge.", "ROW, v.i. To labor with the oar; as, to row well; to row with oars muffled."], "rowed": ["ROWED, pp. Driven by oars."], "rowing": ["ROWING, ppr. Impelling, as a boat by oars."], "rower": ["ROWER, n. One that rows or manages an oar in rowing."], "royal": ["ROY'AL, a. L. regalis, from rex, king. See Reck and Right.", "1. Kingly; pertaining to a king; regal; as royal power or prerogative; a royal garden; royal domains; the royal family.", "2. Becoming a king; magnificent; as royal state.", "3. Noble; illustrious.", "How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio?", "ROY'AL, n.", "1. A large kind of paper. It is used as a noun or an adjective.", "2. Among seamen, a small sail spread immediately above the top-gallant-sail; sometimes termed the top-gallant-royal.", "3. One of the shoots of a stag's head.", "4. In artillery, a small mortar.", "5. In England, one of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot, called the royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Europe."], "royalism": ["ROY'ALISM, n. Attachment to the principles or cause of royalty, or to a royal government."], "royalize": ["ROY'ALIZE, v.t. To make royal."], "royally": ["ROY'ALLY, adv. In a kingly manner; like a king; as becomes a king.", "His body shall be royally interr'd."], "rub": ["RUB, v.t. L. probrum, exprobro; Gr. to rub. We have the elements of the word in scrape, scrub, L. scribo, Gr.", "1. To move something along the surface of a body with pressure; as, to rub the face or arms with the hand; to rub the body with flannel. Vessels are scoured or cleaned by rubbing them.", "2. To wipe; to clean; to scour; but rub is a generic term, applicable to friction for every purpose.", "3. To touch so as to leave behind something which touches; to spread over; as to rub any thing with oil.", "4. To polish; to retouch; with over.", "The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation.", "5. To obstruct by collision. Unusual.", "In popular language, rub is used for teasing, fretting, upbraiding, reproaching or vexing with gibes or sarcasms.", "To rub down, to clean by rubbing; to comb or curry, as a horse.", "To rub off, to clean any thing by rubbing; to separate by friction; as, to rub off rust.", "1. To rub out, to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out marks or letters.", "2. To remove or separate by friction; as, to rub out a stain.", "To rub upon, to touch hard.", "1. To rub up, to burnish; to polish; to clean.", "2. To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory.", "RUB, v.i.", "1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; as, a wheel rubs against the gate-post.", "2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore.", "3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world.", "RUB, n.", "1. The act of rubbing; friction.", "2. That which renders motion or progress difficult; collision; hinderance; obstruction.", "Now every rub is smoothed in our way.", "Upon this rub the English embassadors thought fit to demur.", "All sort of rubs will be laid in the way.", "3. Inequality of ground that hinders the motion of a bowl.", "4. Difficulty; cause of uneasiness; pinch.", "To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub.", "5. Sarcasm; joke; something grating to the feelings.", "RUB,"], "rubbish": ["RUB'BISH, n. from rub; properly, that which is rubbed off; but not now used in this limited sense.", "1. Fragments of buildings; broken or imperfect pieces of any structure; ruins.", "He saw the towns one half in rubbish lie.", "2. Waste or rejected matter; any thing worthless.", "3. Mingled mass; confusion."], "rubied": ["RU'BIED, a. Red as a ruby; as a rubied lip; rubied nectar."], "ruby": ["RU'BY, n. L. rubeo, to be red.", "1. A precious stone; a mineral of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red; but its parts vary in color, and hence it is called sapphire ruby or orange red, and by some vermeille or rubicel.", "There are two kinds of ruby, the oriental or corundum, and the spinelle. The latter is distinguishable from the former by its color and crystallization.", "The ruby is next in hardness and value to the diamond, and highly esteemed in jewelry.", "2. Redness; red color.", "3. Any thing red.", "4. A blain; a blotch; a carbuncle. The ruby is said to be the stone called by Pliny a carbuncle.", "Ruby of arsenic or sulphur, is the realgar, or red combination of arsenic and sulphur.", "Ruby of zink, is the red blend.", "Rock ruby, the amethystizontes of the ancients, is the most value species of garnet.", "RU'BY, v.t. To make red.", "RU'BY, a. Of the color of the ruby; red; as ruby lips."], "rudder": ["RUD'DER, n. See Row. The oar was the first rudder used by man, and is still the instrument of steering certain boats.", "1. In navigation, the instrument by which a ship is steered; that part of the helm which consists of a piece of timber, broad at the bottom, which enters the water and is attached to the stern-post by hinges, on which it turns. This timber is managed by means of the tiller or wheel.", "2. That which guides or governs the course.", "For rhyme the rudder is of verses.", "3. A sieve. Local. See Riddle.", "Rudder perch, a small fish with the upper part of the body brown, varied with large round spots of yellow, the belly and sides streaked with lines of white and yellow. This fish is said to follow the rudders of ships in the warm parts of the Atlantic."], "ruddiness": ["RUD'DINESS, n. from ruddy. The state of being ruddy; redness, or rather a lively flesh color; that degree of redness which characterizes high health; applied chiefly to the complexion or color of the human skin; as the ruddiness of the cheeks or lips."], "ruddy": ["RUD'DY, a.", "1. Of a red color; of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high health. Thus we say, reddy cheeks, ruddy lips, a reddy face or skin, a ruddy youth; and in poetic language, ruddy fruit. But the word is chiefly applied to the human skin.", "2. Of a bright yellow color; as ruddy gold. Unusual."], "rude": ["RUDE, a. L. rudis. The sense is probably rough, broken, and this word may be allied to raw and crude.", "1. rough; uneven; rugged; unformed by art; as rude workmanship, that is, roughly finished; rude and unpolished stones.", "2. Rough; of coarse manners; unpolished; uncivil; clownish; rustic; as a rude countryman; rude behavior; rude treatment; a rude attack.", "Ruffian, let go that rude uncivil touch.", "3. Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; turbulent; as rude winds; the rude agitation of the sea.", "4. violent; fierce; impetuous; as the rude shock of armies.", "5. Harsh; inclement; as the rude winter.", "6. Ignorant; untaught; savage; barbarous; as the rude natives of America or of New Holland; the rude ancestors of the Greeks.", "7. Raw; untaught; ignorant; not skilled or practiced; as rude in speech; rude in arms.", "8. Artless; inelegant; not polished; as a rude translation of Virgil."], "rudely": ["RU'DELY, adv.", "1. With roughness; as a mountain rudely formed.", "2. Violently; fiercely; tumultuously. The door was rudely assaulted.", "3. In a rude or uncivil manner; as, to be rudely accosted.", "4. Without exactness or nicety; coarsely; as work rudely executed.", "I that am rudely stamp'd, and want love's majesty to strut before a wanton ambling nymph.", "5. Unskillfully.", "My muse, though rudely, has resign'd some faint resemblance of his godlike mind.", "6. Without elegance."], "rudeness": ["RU'DENESS, n.", "1. A rough broken state; unevenness; wildness; as the rudeness of a mountain, country or landscape.", "2. Coarseness of manners; incivility; rusticity; vulgarity.", "And kings the rudeness of their joy must bear.", "3. Ignorance; unskillfulness.", "What he did amiss was rather through rudeness and want of judgment -", "4. Artlessness; coarseness; inelegance; as the rudeness of a painting or piece of sculpture.", "5. Violence; impetuosity; as the rudeness of an attack or shock.", "6. Violence; storminess; as the rudeness of winds or of the season."], "rudiment": ["RU'DIMENT, n. L. rudimentum. If connected with erudio, it denotes what is taught. But the real origin is not obvious.", "1. A first principle or element; that which is to be first learnt; as the rudiments of learning or science. Articulate sounds are the rudiments of language; letters or characters are the rudiments of written language; the primary rules of any art or science are its rudiments. Hence instruction in the rudiments of any art or science, constitutes the beginning of education in that art or science.", "2. The original of any thing in its first form. Thus in botany, the germen, ovary or seed-bud, is the rudiment of the fruit yet in embryo; and the seed is the rudiment of a new plant.", "Rudiment, in natural history, is also an imperfect organ; one which is never fully formed. Thus the flowers in the genus Pentstemon, have four stamens and a rudiment of a fifth, (a simple filament without an anther.)", "God beholds the first imperfect rudiments of virtue in the soul.", "RU'DIMENT, v.t. to furnish with first principles or rules; to ground; to settle in first principles."], "rudimental": ["RUDIMENT'AL, a. Initial; pertaining to rudiments, or consisting in first principles; as rudimental essays."], "rue": ["RUE, v.t. ru. L. rudo, to roar, to bray.", "To lament; to regret; to grieve for; as, to rue the commission of a crime; to rue the day.", "Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.", "RUE, v.i. To have compassion. Not in use.", "RUE, n. Sorrow; repentance. Not in use.", "RUE, n. ru. Gr. L.", "A plant of the genus Ruta, of several species. The common garden rue is medicinal, as a stimulant and detergent."], "rueing": ["RU'EING, n. Lamentation."], "ruin": ["RU'IN, n. L. ruo, to fall, to rush down.", "1. Destruction; fall; overthrow; defeat; that change of any thing which destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; as the ruin of a house; the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution of government; the ruin of health; the ruin of commerce; the ruin of public or private happiness; the ruin of a project.", "2. Mischief; bane; that which destroys.", "The errors of young men are the ruin of business.", "3. Ruin, more generally ruins, the remains of a decayed or demolished city, house, fortress, or any work of art or other thing; as the ruins of Balbec, Palmyra or Persepolis; the ruins of a wall; a castle in ruins.", "The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character.", "4. The decayed or enfeebled remains of a natural object; as, the venerable old man presents a great mind in ruins.", "5. The cause of destruction.", "They were the ruin of him and of all Israel. 2Chron. 28.", "RU'IN, v,t,", "1. To demolish; to pull down, burn, or otherwise destroy; as, to ruin a city or an edifice.", "2. To subvert; to destroy; as, to ruin a state or government.", "3. To destroy; to bring to an end; as, to ruin commerce or manufactures.", "4. To destroy in any manner; as, to ruin health or happiness; to ruin reputation.", "5. To counteract; to defeat; as, to ruin a plan or project.", "6. To deprive of felicity or fortune.", "By thee rais'd I ruin all my foes.", "Grace with a nod, and ruin with a frown.", "7. To impoverish; as, to be ruined by speculation.", "The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us.", "8. To bring to everlasting misery; as, to ruin the soul.", "RU'IN, v.i.", "1. To fall into ruins.", "2. To run to ruin; to fall into decay or be dilapidated.", "Though he his house of polish'd marble build, yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell.", "3. To be reduced; to be brought to poverty or misery.", "If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster.", "Note. This intransitive use of the verb is now unusual."], "ruined": ["RU'INED, pp. Demolished; destroyed; subverted; reduced to poverty; undone."], "ruining": ["RU'INING, ppr. Demolishing; subverting; destroying; reducing to poverty; bringing to endless misery."], "ruinous": ["RU'INOUS, a. l. ruinosus.", "1. Fallen to ruin; entirely decayed; demolished; dilapidated; as an edifice, bridge or wall in a ruinous state.", "2. Destructive; baneful; pernicious; bringing or tending to bring certain ruin. Who can describe the ruinous practice of intemperance?", "3. Composed of ruins; consisting in ruins; as a ruinous heap. Is. 17."], "ruinously": ["RU'INOUSLY, adv. In a ruinous manner; destructively."], "ruinousness": ["RU'INOUSNESS, n. A ruinous state or quality."], "rule": ["RULE, n. L. regula, from rego, to govern, that is, to stretch, strain or make straight.", "1. Government; sway; empire; control; supreme command or authority.", "A wise servant shall have rule over a son that causeth shame. Prov. 17.", "And his stern rule the groaning land obey'd.", "2. That which is established as a principle, standard or directory; that by which any thing is to be adjusted or regulated, or to which it is to be conformed; that which is settled by authority or custom for guidance and direction. Thus a statute or law is a rule of civil conduct; a canon is a rule of ecclesiastical government; the precept or command of a father is a rule of action or obedience to children; precedents in law are rules of decision to judges; maxims and customs furnish rules for regulating our social opinions and manners. The laws of God are rules for directing us in life, paramount to all others.", "A rule which you do not apply, is no rule at all.", "3. An instrument by which lines are drawn.", "Judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule.", "4. Established mode or course of proceeding prescribed in private life. Every man should have some fixed rules for managing his own affairs.", "5. In literature, a maxim, canon or precept to be observed in any art or science.", "6. In monasteries, corporations or societies, a law or regulation to be observed by the society and its particular members.", "7. In courts, rules are the determinations and orders of court, to be observed by its officers in conducting the business of the court.", "8. In arithmetic and algebra, a determinate mode prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result.", "9. In grammar, an establish form of construction in a particular class of words; or the expression of that form in words. Thus it is a rule in English, that s or es, added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but man forms its plural men, and is an exception to the rule.", "Rule of three, is that rule of arithmetic which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term, as the second has to the first.", "RULE, v.t.", "1. To govern; to control the will and actions of others, either by arbitrary power and authority, or by established laws. The emperors of the east rule their subjects without the restraints of a constitution. In limited governments, men are ruled by known laws.", "If a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God? 1Tim. 3.", "2. To govern the movements of things; to conduct; to manage; to control. That God rules the world he has created, is a fundamental article of belief.", "3. To manage; to conduct, in almost any manner.", "4. To settle as by a rule.", "That's a ruled case with the schoolmen.", "5. To mark with lines by a ruler; as, to rule a blank book.", "6. To establish by decree or decision; to determine; as a court.", "RULE, v.i. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority.", "By me princes rule. Prov. 8.", "It is often followed by over.", "They shall rule over their oppressors. Is. 14.", "We subdue and rule over all other creatures."], "ruled": ["RU'LED, pp. Governed; controlled; conducted; managed; established by decision."], "ruling": ["RU'LING, ppr.", "1. Governing; controlling the will and actions of intelligent beings, or the movements of other physical bodies.", "2. Marking by a ruler.", "3. Deciding; determining.", "4. a. Predominant; chief; controlling; as a ruling passion."], "ruler": ["RU'LER, n.", "1. One that governs, whether emperor, king, pope or governor; any one that exercises supreme power over others.", "2. One that makes or executes laws in a limited or free government. Thus legislators and magistrates are called rulers.", "3. A rule; an instrument of wood or metal with straight edges or sides, by which lines are drawn on paper, parchment or other substance. When a ruler has the lines of chords, tangents, sines, &c. it is called a plane scale."], "rumble": ["RUM'BLE, v.i. Heb., Gr., L. fremo.", "To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as thunder rumbles at a distance, but when near, its sound is sharp and rattling. A heavy carriage rumbles on the pavement."], "rumbling": ["RUM'BLING, ppr. Making a low, heavy continued sound; as rumbling thunder. A rumbling noise is a low, heavy, continued noise.", "RUM'BLING, n. A low, heavy, continued sound. Jer. 47."], "rump": ["RUMP, n.", "1. The end of the back bone of an animal with the parts adjacent. Among the Jews, the rump was esteemed the most delicate part of the animal.", "2. The buttocks."], "run": ["RUN, v.i. pret. ran or run; pp. run.", "1. To move or pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels. Men and other animals run on their feet; carriages run on wheels, and wheels run on their axle-trees.", "2. To move or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity, by leaps or long quick steps; as, men and quadrupeds run when in haste.", "3. To use the legs in moving; to step; as, children run alone or run about.", "4. To move in a hurry.", "The priest and people run about.", "5. To proceed along the surface; to extend; to spread; as, the fire runs over a field or forest.", "The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. 9.", "6. To rush with violence; as, a ship runs against a rock; or one ship runs against another.", "7. To move or pass on the water; to sail; as, ships run regularly between New York and Liverpool. Before a storm, run into a harbor, or under the lee of the land. The ship has run ten knots an hour.", "8. To contend in a race; as, men or horses run for a prize.", "9. To flee for escape. When General Wolfe was dying, an officer standing by him exclaimed, see how they run. Who run? said the dying hero. The enemy, said the officer. Then I die happy, said the general.", "10. To depart privately; to steal away.", "My conscience will serve me to run from this Jew, my master.", "11. To flow in any manner, slowly or rapidly; to move or pass; as a fluid. Rivers run to the ocean or to lakes. The Connecticut runs on sand, and its water is remarkably pure. The tide runs two or three miles an hour. Tears run down the cheeks.", "12. To emit; to let flow.", "I command that the conduit run nothing but claret.", "Rivers run potable gold.", "But this form of expression is elliptical, with being omitted; \"rivers run with potable gold.\"", "13. To be liquid or fluid.", "As wax dissolves, as ice begin to run -", "14. To be fusible; to melt.", "Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.", "15. To fuse; to melt.", "Your iron must not burn in the fire, that is, run or melt, for then it will be brittle.", "16. To turn; as, a wheel runs on an axis or on a pivot.", "17. To pass; to proceed; as, to run through a course of business; to run through life; to run in a circle or a line; to run through all degrees of promotion.", "18. To flow, as words, language or periods. The lines run smoothly.", "19. To pass, as time.", "As fast as our time runs, we should be glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster.", "20. To have a legal course; to be attached to; to have legal effect.", "Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid.", "21. To have a course or direction.", "Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it.", "Little is the wisdom, where the flight so runs against all reason.", "22. To pass in thought, speech or practice; as, to run through a series of arguments; to run from one topic to another.", "Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject.", "23. To be mentioned cursorily or in few words.", "The whole runs on short, like articles in an account.", "24. To have a continued tenor or course. The conversation ran on the affairs of the Greeks.", "The king's ordinary style runneth, \"our sovereign lord the king.\"", "25. To be in motion; to speak incessantly. Her tongue runs continually.", "26. To be busied; to dwell.", "When we desire any thing, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones.", "27. To be popularly known.", "Men gave then their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome.", "28. To be received; to have reception, success or continuance. The pamphlet runs well among a certain class of people.", "29. To proceed in succession.", "She saw with joy the line immortal run, each sire impress'd and glaring in his son.", "30. To pass from one state or condition to another; as, to run into confusion or error; to run distracted.", "31. To proceed in a train of conduct.", "You should run a certain course.", "32. To be in force.", "The owner hath incurred the forfeiture of eight years profits of his lands, before he cometh to the knowledge of the process that runneth against him.", "33. To be generally received.", "He was not ignorant what report run of himself.", "34. To be carried; to extend; to rise; as, debates run high.", "In popish countries, the power of the clergy runs higher.", "35. To have a track or course.", "Searching the ulcer with my probe, the sinus run up above the orifice.", "36. To extend; to lie in continued length. Veins of silver run in different directions.", "37. To have a certain direction. The line runs east and west.", "38. To pass in an orbit of any figure. The planets run their periodical courses. The comets do not run lawless through the regions of space.", "39. To tend in growth or progress. Pride is apt to run into a contempt of others.", "40. To grow exuberantly. Young persons of 10 or 12 years old, soon run up to men and women.", "If the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves, treading down the leaves will help their rooting.", "41. To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs.", "42. To reach; to extend to the remembrance of; as time out of mind, the memory of which runneth not to the contrary.", "43. To continue in time, before it becomes due and payable; as, a note runs thirty days; a note of six months has ninety days to run.", "44. To continue in effect, force or operation.", "The statute may be prevented from running - by the act of the creditor.", "45. To press with numerous demands of payment; as, to run upon a bank.", "46. To pass or fall into fault, vice or misfortune; as, to run into vice; to run into evil practices; to run into debt; to run into mistakes.", "47. To fall or pass by gradual changes; to make a transition; as, colors run one into another.", "48. To have a general tendency.", "Temperate climates run into moderate governments.", "49. To proceed as on a ground or principle. Obs.", "50. To pass or proceed in conduct or management.", "Tarquin, running into all the methods of tyranny, after a cruel reign was expelled.", "51. To creep; to move by creeping or crawling; as, serpents run on the ground.", "52. To slide; as, a sled or sleigh runs on the snow.", "53. To dart; to shoot; as a meteor in the sky.", "54. To fly; to move in the air; as, the clouds run from N.E. to S.W.", "55. In Scripture, to pursue or practice the duties of religion.", "Ye did run well; who did hinder you? Gal. 5.", "56. In elections, to have interest or favor; to be supported by votes. The candidate will not run, or he will run well.", "1. To run after, to pursue or follow.", "2. To search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as, to run after similes.", "To run at, to attack with the horns, as a bull.", "To run away, to flee; to escape.", "1. To run away with, to hurry without deliberation.", "2. To convey away; or to assist in escape or elopement.", "To run in, to enter; to step in.", "To run into, to enter; as, to run into danger.", "To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. Not in use.", "1. To run in with, to close; to comply; to agree with. Unusual.", "2. To make towards; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land; a seaman's phrase.", "To run down a coast, to sail along it.", "1. To run on, to be continued. Their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement.", "2. To talk incessantly.", "3. To continue a course.", "4. To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasms; to bear hard on.", "To run over, to overflow; as, a cup runs over; or the liquor runs over.", "1. To run out, to come to an end; to expire; as, a lease runs out at Michaelmas.", "2. To spread exuberantly; as, insectile animals run out into legs.", "3. To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. He runs out in praise of Milton.", "4. To be wasted or exhausted; as, an estate managed without economy, will soon run out.", "5. To become poor by extravagance.", "And had her stock been less, no doubt she must have long ago run out.", "To run up, to rise; to swell; to amount. Accounts of goods credited run up very fast.", "RUN, v.t.", "1. To drive or push; in a general sense. Hence to run a sword through the body, is to stab or pierce it.", "2. To drive; to force.", "A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences, by blabbing out his own or others' secrets.", "Others accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.", "3. To cause to be driven.", "They ran the ship aground. Acts 27.", "4. To melt; to fuse.", "The purest gold must be run and washed.", "5. To incur; to encounter; to run the risk or hazard of losing one's property. To run the danger, is a phrase not now in use.", "6. To venture; to hazard.", "He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them.", "7. To smuggle; to import or export without paying the duties required by law; as, to run goods.", "8. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation; as, to run the world back to its first original.", "I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its punctum saliens.", "9. To push; to thrust; as, to run the hand into the pocket or the bosom; to run a nail into the foot.", "10. To ascertain and mark by metes and bounds; as, to run a line between towns or states.", "11. To cause to ply; to maintain in running or passing; as, to run a stage coach from London to Bristol; to run a line of packets from New Haven to New York.", "12. To cause to pass; as, to run a rope through a block.", "13. To found; to shape, form or make in a mold; to cast; as, to run buttons or balls.", "1. To run down, in hunting, to chase to weariness; as, to run down a stag.", "2. In navigation, to run down a vessel, is to run against her, end on, and sink her.", "3. To crush; to overthrow; to overbear.", "Religion is run down by the license of these times.", "1. To run hard, to press with jokes, sarcasm or ridicule.", "2. To urge or press importunately.", "1. To run over, to recount in a cursory manner; to narrate hastily; as, to run over the particulars of a story.", "2. To consider cursorily.", "3. To pass the eye over hastily.", "1. To run out, to thrust or push out; to extend.", "2. To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate.", "To run through, to expend; to waste; as, to run through an estate.", "1. To run up, to increase; to enlarge by additions. A man who takes goods on credit, is apt to run up his account to a large sum before he is aware of it.", "2. To thrust up, as any thing long and slender.", "RUN, n.", "1. The act of running.", "2. Course; motion; as the run of humor.", "3. Flow; as a run of verses to please the ear.", "4. Course; process; continued series; as the run of events.", "5. Way; will; uncontrolled course.", "Our family must have their run.", "6. General reception; continued success.", "It is impossible for detached papers to have a general run or long continuance, if not diversified with humor.", "7. Modish or popular clamor; as a violent run against university education.", "8. A general or uncommon pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.", "9. The aftmost part of a ship's bottom.", "10. The distance sailed by a ship; as, we had a good run.", "11. A voyage; also, an agreement among sailors to work a passage from one place to another.", "12. A pair of mill-stones. A mill has two, four or six runs of stones.", "13. Prevalence; as, a disease, opinion or fashion has its run.", "14. In the middle and southern states of America, a small stream; a brook.", "In the long run, at the long run, not so generally used, signifies the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the conclusion or end.", "The run of mankind, the generality of people."], "running": ["RUN'NING, ppr.", "1. Moving or going with rapidity; flowing.", "2. a. Kept for the race; as a running horse.", "3. In succession; without any intervening day, year, &c.; as, to visit two days running; to sow land two years running.", "4. Discharging pus or other matter; as a running sore.", "RUN'NING, n.", "1. The act of running, or passing with speed.", "2. That which runs or flows; as the first running of a still or of cider at the mill.", "3. The discharge of an ulcer or other sore."], "rush": ["RUSH, n. Heb. usually rendered sea-weed, and applied to the Arabic gulf, Deut. 1:1 Numbers 21:14. This correspondence deserves notice, as illustrating certain passages in the Scriptures.", "1. A plant of the genus Juncus of many species. The pith of the rush is used in some places for wicks to lamps and rush lights.", "2. Any thing proverbially worthless or of trivial value.", "John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush.", "RUSH, v.i.", "1. To move or drive forward with impetuosity, violence and tumultuous rapidity; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice; winds rush through the forest. We ought never to rush into company, much less into a religious assembly.", "2. To enter with undue eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush into business or speculation; to rush into the ministry.", "RUSH, v.t. To push forward with violence. Not used.", "RUSH, n. A driving forward with eagerness and haste; a violent motion or course; as a rush of troops; a rush of winds."], "rushed": ["RUSH'ED, a. Abounding with rushes."], "rushing": ["RUSH'ING, ppr. Moving forward with impetuosity."], "rust": ["RUST, n. Gr. probably from its color, and allied to ruddy, red, as L. rubigo is from rubeo. See Ruddy.", "1. The oxyd of a metal; a substance composed of oxygen combined with a metal, and forming a rough coat on its surface. All metals except gold are liable to rust.", "2. Loss of power by inactivity, as metals lose their brightness and smoothness when not used.", "3. Any foul matter contracted; as rust on corn or salted meat.", "4. Foul extraneous matter; as sacred truths cleared from the rust of human mixtures.", "5. A disease in grain, a kind of dust which gathers on the stalks and leaves.", "RUST, v.i.", "1. To contract rust; to be oxydized and contract a roughness on the surface.", "Our armors now may rust.", "2. To degenerate in idleness; to become dull by inaction.", "Must I rust in Egypt?", "3. To gather dust or extraneous matter.", "RUST, v.t.", "1. To cause to contract rust.", "Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them.", "2. To impair by time and inactivity."], "rusted": ["RUST'ED, pp. Affected with rust."], "rusting": ["RUST'ING, ppr. Contracting rust; causing to rust."], "ruth": ["RUTH, n. from rue.", "1. Mercy; pity; tenderness; sorrow for the misery of another Obs.", "2. Misery; sorrow. Obs."], "ruthful": ["RUTHFUL, a.", "1. Rueful; woeful; sorrowful. Obs.", "2. Merciful. Obs."], "sabaoth": ["SABAOTH, n. Armies; a word used, Rom. 9:29, James 5:4, the Lord of Sabaoth."], "sabbath": ["SABBATH, n.", "1. The day which God appointed to be observed by the Jews as a day of rest from all secular labor or employments, and to be kept holy and consecrated to his service and worship. This was originally the seventh day of the week, the day on which God rested from the work of creation; and this day is still observed by the Jews and some christians, as the sabbath. But the christian church very early begun and still continue to observe the first day of the week, in commemoration of the resurrection of Christ on that day, by which the work of redemption was completed. Hence it is often called the Lords day. The heathen nations in the north of Europe dedicated this day to the sun, and hence their christian descendants continue to call the day Sunday. But in the United States, christians have to a great extent discarded the heathen name, and adopted the Jewish name sabbath.", "2. Intermission of pain or sorrow; time of rest.", "Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb.", "3. The sabbatical year among the Israelites. Lev. 25."], "sabean": ["SABEAN, See Sabian."], "sack": ["SACK, n. L. saccus. Heb. See the verb to sack.", "1. A bag, usually a large cloth bag, used for holding and conveying corn, small wares, wool, cotton, hops, and the like. Gen 42.", "Sack of wool, in England, is 22 stone of 14lb. each, or 308 pounds. In Scotland, it is 24 stone of 16 pounds each, or 384 pounds.", "A sack of cotton, contains usually about 300lb. but it may be from 150 to 400 pounds.", "Sack of earth, in fortification, is a canvas bag filled with earth, used in making retrenchments in haste.", "2. The measure of three bushels.", "SACK, n. A species of sweet wine, brought chiefly from the Canary isles.", "SACK, n. L. sagum, whence Gr. But the word is Celtic or Teutonic.", "Among our rude ancestors, a kind of cloak of a square form, worn over the shoulders and body, and fastened in from by a clasp or thorn. It was originally made of skin, afterwards of wool. In modern times, this name has been given to a woman's garment, a gown with loose plaits on the back; but no garment of this kind is now worn, and the word is in disuse. See Varro, Strabo, Cluver, Bochart.", "SACK, v.t. To put in a sac or in bags.", "SACK, v.t. From comparing this word and sack, a bag, in several languages, it appears that they are both from one root, and that the primary sense is to strain, pull, draw; hence sack, a bag, is a tie, that which is tied or drawn together; and sack, to pillage, is to pull, to strip, that is, to take away by violence.", "To plunder or pillage, as a town or city. Rome was twice taken and sacked in the reign of one pope. This word is never, I believe, applied to the robbing of persons, or pillaging of single houses, but to the pillaging of towns and cities; and as towns are usually or often sacked, when taken by assault, the word may sometimes include the sense of taking by storm.", "The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by a barbarous enemy.", "SACK, n. The pillage or plunder of a town or city; or the storm and plunder of a town; as the sack of Troy."], "sacked": ["SACK'ED, pp. Pillaged; stormed and plundered."], "sackful": ["SACK'FUL, n. A full sack or bag."], "sacking": ["SACK'ING, ppr. Taking by assault and plundering or pillaging.", "SACK'ING, n. The act of taking by storm and pillaging.", "SACK'ING, n.", "1. Cloth of which sacks or bags are made.", "2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to a bedstead for supporting the bed."], "sackbut": ["SACK'BUT, n. The last syllable is the L. buxus.", "A wind instrument of music; a kind of trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required."], "sackcloth": ["SACK'CLOTH, n. sack and cloth. Cloth of which sacks are made; coarse cloth. This word is chiefly used in Scripture to denote a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress or mortification.", "Gird you with sackcloth and mourn before Abner. 2Sam. 3.", "Esther 4. Job 46."], "sackclothed": ["SACK'CLOTHED, a. Clothed in sackcloth."], "sacrificable": ["SACRIF'ICABLE, a. Capable of being offered in sacrifice. Ill formed, harsh and not used."], "sacrificant": ["SACRIF'ICANT, n. L. sacrificans. One that offers a sacrifice."], "sacrifice": ["SAC'RIFICE, v.t. sac'rifize. L. sacrifico; sacer, sacred, and facio, to make.", "1. To offer to God in homage or worship, by killing and consuming, as victims on an altar; to immolate, either as an atonement for sin, or to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a lamb. 2Sam. 6.", "2. To destroy, surrender or suffer to be lost for the sake of obtaining something; as, to sacrifice the peace of the church to a little vain curiosity. We should never sacrifice health to pleasure, nor integrity to fame.", "3. To devote with loss.", "Condemn'd to sacrifice his childish years to babbling ignorance and to empty fears.", "4. To destroy; to kill.", "SAC'RIFICE, v.i. To make offerings to God by the slaughter and burning of victims, or of some part of them. Ex. 3.", "SAC'RIFICE, n. L. sacrificium.", "1. An offering made to God by killing and burning some animal upon an altar, as an acknowledgment of his power and providence, or to make atonement for sin, appease his wrath or conciliate his favor, or to express thankfulness for his benefits. Sacrifices have been common to most nations, and have been offered to false gods, as well as by the Israelites to Jehovah. A sacrifice differs from an oblation; the latter being an offering of a thing entire or without change, as tithes or first fruits; whereas sacrifice implies a destruction or killing, as of a beast. Sacrifices are expiatory, impetratory, and eucharistical; that is, atoning for sin, seeking favor, or expressing thanks.", "Human sacrifices, the killing and offering of human beings to deities, have been practiced by some barbarous nations.", "2. The thing offered to God, or immolated by an act of religion.", "My life if thou preserv'st, my life thy sacrifice shall be.", "3. Destruction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining some object, or for obliging another; as the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to interest.", "4. Any thing destroyed."], "sacrificer": ["SAC'RIFICER, n. One that sacrifices or immolates."], "sacrifical": ["SACRIF'ICAL, a. L. sacrificus. See Sacrifice. Employed in sacrifice."], "sacrificator": ["SACRIFICA'TOR, n. A sacrificer; one that offers a sacrifice. Not used."], "sacrificed": ["SAC'RIFICED, pp. Offered to God upon an altar; destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost."], "sacrilege": ["SAC'RILEGE, n. L. sacrilegium; sacer, sacred, and lego, to take or steal.", "The crime of violating or profaning sacred things; or the alienating to laymen or to common purposes what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses.", "And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb with sacrilege to dig."], "sad": ["SAD, a. It is probable this word is from the root of set. I have not found the word is from the root of set. I have not found the word in the English sense, in any other language.", "1. Sorrowful; affected with grief; cast down with affliction.", "Th' angelic guards ascended, mute and sad.", "Sad for their loss, but joyful of our life.", "2. Habitually melancholy; gloomy; not gay or cheerful.", "See in her cell sad Eloisa spread.", "3. Downcast; gloomy; having the external appearance of sorrow; as a sad countenance. Matt. 6.", "4. Serious; grave; not gay, light or volatile.", "Lady Catherine, a sad and religious woman.", "5. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as a sad accident; a sad misfortune.", "6. Dark colored.", "Woad or wade is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors.", "This sense is, I believe, entirely obsolete.", "7. Bad; vexatious; as a sad husband. Colloquial.", "8. Heavy; weighty; ponderous.", "With that his hand more sad than lump of lead. Obs.", "9. Close; firm; cohesive; opposed to light or friable.", "Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. Obs.", "The two latter senses indicate that the primary sense is set, fixed."], "sadness": ["SAD'NESS, n.", "1. Sorrowfulness; mournfulness; dejection of mind; as grief and sadness at the memory of sin.", "2. A melancholy look; gloom of countenance.", "Dim sadness did not spare Celestial visages.", "3. Seriousness; sedate gravity. Let every thing in a mournful subject have an air of sadness."], "saddle": ["SADDLE, n. sad'l. L. sedeo, sedile.", "1. A seat to be placed on a horse's back for the rider to sit on. Saddles are variously made, as the common saddle and the hunting saddle, and for females the side-saddle.", "2. Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on the lower yard-arms to retain the studding sail-booms in their place. The name is given also to other circular pieces of wood; as the saddle of the bow-spirit."], "sadly": ["SAD'LY, adv.", "1. Sorrowfully; mournfully.", "He sadly suffers in their grief.", "2. In a calamitous or miserable manner. The misfortunes which others experience we may one day sadly feel.", "3. In a dark color. Obs."], "safe": ["SAFE, a. L. salvus, from salus, safety, health.", "1. Free from danger of any kind; as safe from enemies; safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from the malice of foes.", "2. Free from hurt, injury or damage; as, to walk safe over red hot plowshares. We brought the goods safe to land.", "3. Conferring safety; securing from harm; as a safe guide; a safe harbor; a safe bridge.", "4. Not exposing to danger. Phil. 3.", "5. No longer dangerous; placed beyond the power of doing harm; a ludicrous meaning.", "Banquo's safe. - Aye, my good lord, safe in a ditch.", "SAFE, n. A place of safety; a place for securing provisions from noxious animals.", "SAFE, v.t. To render safe. Not in use."], "safely": ["SA'FELY, adv.", "1. In a safe manner; without incurring danger or hazard of evil consequences. We may safely proceed, or safely conclude.", "2. Without injury. We passed the river safely.", "3. Without escape; in close custody; as, to keep a prisoner safely."], "safeness": ["SA'FENESS, n.", "1. Freedom from danger; as the safeness of an experiment.", "2. The state of being safe, or of conferring safety; as the safeness of a bridge or of a beat."], "safeguard": ["SA'FEGU'ARD, n. safe and guard.", "1. He or that which defends or protects; defense; protection.", "The sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne.", "2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler.", "3. A passport; a warrant of security given by a sovereign to protect a stranger within his territories; formerly, a protection granted to a stranger in prosecuting his rights in due course of law.", "4. An outer petticoat to save women's clothes on horseback.", "SA'FEGU'ARD, v.t. To guard; to protect. Little used."], "safety": ["SA'FETY, n.", "1. Freedom from danger or hazard; as the safety of an electrical experiment; the safety of a voyage.", "I was not in safety, nor had I rest. Job 3.", "2. Exemption from hurt, injury or loss. We crossed the Atlantic in safety."], "saffron": ["SAF'FRON, n. The radical sense is to fail, or to be hollow, or to be exhausted.", "1. A plant of the genus Crocus. The bastard saffron is of the genus Carthamus, and the meadow saffron of the genus Colchicum.", "2. In the materia medica, saffron is formed of the stigmata of the Crocus officinalis, dried on a kiln and pressed into cakes.", "SAF'FRON, a. Having the color of saffron flowers; yellow; as a saffron face; a saffron streamer.", "SAF'FRON, v.t. To tinge with saffron; to make yellow; to gild."], "said": ["SAID, pret. and pp. of say; so written for sayed.", "1. Declared; uttered; reported.", "2. Aforesaid; before mentioned."], "sail": ["SAIL, n. L. sal, salt.", "1. In navigation, a spread of canvas, or an assemblage of several breadths of canvas, or some substitute for it, sewed together with a double seam at the borders, and edged with a cord called the bolt-rope, to be extended on the masts or yards for receiving the impulse of wind by which a ship is driven. The principal sails are the courses or lower salts, the top-sails and top-gallant-sails.", "2. In poetry, wings.", "3. A ship or other vessel; used in the singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for many. We saw a sail at the leeward. We saw three sail on our star-board quarter. The fleet consists of twenty sail.", "To loose sails, to unfurl them.", "To make sail, to extend an additional quantity of sail.", "To set sail, to expand or spread the sails; and hence; to begin a voyage.", "To shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part.", "1. To strike sail, to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting or in sudden gusts of wind.", "2. To bate show or pomp.", "SAIL, v.i.", "1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water. A ship sails from New York for Liverpool. She sails ten knots an hour. She sails well close-hauled.", "2. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water. We sailed from London to Canton.", "3. To swim.", "Little dolphins, when they sail in the vast shadow of the British whale.", "4. To set sail; to begin a voyage. We sailed from New York for Havre, June 15, 1824. We sailed from Cowes for New York, May 10, 1825.", "5. To be carried in the air, as a balloon.", "6. To pass smoothly along.", "As is a wing'd messenger from heaven, when he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, and sails upon the bosom of the air.", "7. To fly without striking with the wings.", "SAIL, v.t.", "1. To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of sails.", "A thousand ships were mann'd to sail the sea.", "This use is elliptical, on or over being omitted.", "2. To fly through", "Sublime she sails th' aerial space, and mounts the winged gales."], "sailed": ["SA'ILED, pp. Passed in ships or other water craft."], "sailing": ["SA'ILING, ppr. Moving on water or in air; passing in a ship or other vessel.", "SA'ILING, n.", "1. The act of moving on water; or the movement of a ship or vessel impelled or wafted along the surface of water by the action of wind on her sails.", "2. Movement through the air, as in a balloon.", "3. The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage."], "sailor": ["SA'ILOR, n. a more common spelling than sailer.", "A mariner; a seaman; one who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels, or one who understands the management of ships in navigation. The word however does not by itself express any particular skill in navigation. It denotes any person who follows the seas, and is chiefly or wholly applied to the common hands. See Seaman."], "saint": ["SAINT, n. L. sanctus.", "1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue. It is particularly applied to the apostles and other holy persons mentioned in Scripture. A hypocrite may imitate a saint. Ps. 16.", "2. One of the blessed in heaven. Rev. 18.", "3. The holy angels are called saint. Deut. 33. Jude 14.", "4. One canonized by the church of Rome.", "SAINT, v.t. To number or enroll among saints by an official act of the pope; to canonize.", "Over against the church stands a large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beautified, though never sainted.", "SAINT, v.i. To act with a show of piety."], "sainted": ["SA'INTED, pp.", "1. Canonized; enrolled among the saints.", "2. a. Holy; pious; as, thy father was a most sainted king.", "3. Sacred; as the gods on sainted hills."], "sake": ["SAKE, n. Heb. to press or oppress. The primary sense is to strain, urge, press or drive forward, and this is from the same root as seek, essay and L. sequor, whence we have pursue and prosecute. We have analogous words in cause, thing, and the L. res.", "1. Final cause; end; purpose; or rather the purpose of obtaining. I open a window for the sake of air, that is, to obtain it, for the purpose of obtaining air. I read for the sake of instruction, that is, to obtain it. Sake then signifies primarily effort to obtain, and secondarily purpose of obtaining. The hero fights for the sake of glory; men labor for the sake of subsistence or wealth.", "2. Account; regard to any person or thing.", "I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. 8.", "Save me for thy mercies' sake. Ps. 6."], "sale": ["SALE, n. The primary sense of sell, is simply to deliver or cause to pass from one person to another.", "1. The act of selling; the exchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value. The exchange of one commodity for another is barter or permutation, and sale differs from barter only in the nature of the equivalent given.", "2. Vent; power of selling; market. He went to market, but found no sale for his goods.", "3. Auction; public sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market. Little used.", "4. State of being venal, or of being offered to bribery; as, to set the liberty of a state to sale.", "5. A wicker basket.", "SALE, a. Sold; bought; as opposed to homemade. Colloquial."], "salmon": ["SALMON, n. sam'mon. L. salmo.", "A fish of the genus Salmo, found in all the northern climates of America, Europe and Asia, ascending the rivers for spawning in spring, and penetrating to their head streams. It is a remarkably strong fish, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of its progress. It has been known to grow to the weight of 75 pounds; more generally it is from 15 to 25 pounds. It furnishes a delicious dish for the table, and is an article of commerce."], "salt": ["SALT, n. Gr.; L. The radical sense is probably pungent, and if s is radical, the word belongs to the root of L. salio; but this is uncertain.", "1. Common salt is the muriate of soda, a substance used for seasoning certain kinds of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c. It is found native in the earth, or it is produced by evaporation and crystallization from water impregnated with saline particles.", "2. In chimistry, a body compounded of an acid united to some base, which may be either an alkali, an earth, or a metallic oxyd. Accordingly, salts are alkaline, earthy, or metallic. Many compounds of this kind, of which common salt, (muriate of soda,) is the most distinguished, exist in nature; but most of these, together with many others not known in nature, have been formed by the artificial combination of their elements. Their entire number exceeds 2000. When the acid and base mutually saturate each other, so that the individual properties of each are lost, the compound is a neutral salt; when the acid predominates, it is a super salt; and when the base predominates, it is a sub salt. Thus we have a subcarbonate, a carbonate, and a supercarbonate of potash.", "3. Taste; sapor; smack.", "We have some salt of our youth in us.", "4. Wit; poignancy; as Attic salt.", "SALT, a.", "1. Having the taste of salt;impregnated with salt; as salt beef; salt water", "2. Abounding with salt; as a salt land. Jer. 17.", "3. Overflowed with salt water, or impregnated with it; as a salt marsh.", "4. Growing on salt marsh or meadows and having the taste of salt; as salt grass or hay.", "5. Producing salt water; as a salt spring.", "6. Lecherous; slacious.", "SALT, n.", "1. The part of a river near the sea, where the water is salt.", "2. A vessel for holding salt.", "SALT, v.t.", "1. To sprinkle, impregnate or season with salt; as, to salt fish, beef or pork.", "2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.", "SALT, v.i. To deposit salt from a saline substance; as, the brine begins to salt. Used by manufacturers.", "SALT, n. A leap; the act of jumping. Not in use."], "salted": ["SALT'ED, pp. Sprinkled, seasoned or impregnated with salt."], "salting": ["SALT'ING, ppr. Sprinkling, seasoning or impregnating with salt.", "SALT'ING, n. The act of sprinkling or impregnating with salt."], "saltness": ["SALT'NESS, n.", "1. The quality of being impregnated with salt; as the saltness of sea water or of provisions.", "2. Taste of salt."], "salts": ["SALTS, n. The salt water of rivers entering from the ocean."], "salutation": ["SALUTA'TION, n. L. salutatio. See Salute.", "The act of saluting; a greeting; the act of paying respect or reverence by the customary words or actions; as in inquiring of persons their welfare, expressing to them kind wishes, bowing, &c. Luke 1. Mark 12.", "In all public meetings and private addresses, use the forms of salutation, reverence and decency usual among the most sober people."], "salute": ["SALU'TE, v.t. L. saluto; salus or salvus.", "1. To greet; to hail; to address with expressions of kind wishes.", "If ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? Matt 5.", "2. To please; to gratify. Unusual.", "3. To kiss.", "4. In military and naval affairs, to honor some person or nation by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by striking colors, by shouts, &c.", "SALU'TE, n.", "1. The act of expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.", "2. A kiss.", "3. In military affairs, a discharge of cannon or small arms in honor of some distinguished personage. A salute is sometimes performed by lowering the colors or beating the drums. The officers also salute each other by bowing their half pikes.", "4. In the navy, a testimony of respect or deference rendered by the ships of one nation to the ships of another, or by ships of the same nation to a superior or equal. This is performed by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, striking the colors or top-sails, or by shouts of the seamen mounted on the masts or rigging. When two squadrons meet, the two chiefs only are to exchange salutes."], "saluted": ["SALU'TED, pp. Hailed; greeted."], "saluter": ["SALU'TER, n. One who salutes."], "salvation": ["SALVA'TION, n. L. salvo, to save.", "1. The act of saving; preservation from destruction, danger or great calamity.", "2. Appropriately in theology, the redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him everlasting happiness. This is the great salvation.", "Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2Cor. 7.", "3. Deliverance from enemies; victory. Ex. 14.", "4. Remission of sins, or saving graces. Luke 19.", "5. The author of man's salvation. Ps. 27.", "6. A term of praise or benediction. Rev. 19."], "samaritan": ["SAMAR'ITAN, a.", "1. Pertaining to Samaria, the principal city of the ten tribes of Israel, belonging to the tribe of Ephraim, and after the captivity of those tribes, repeopled by Cuthites from Assyria or Chaldea.", "2. Denoting the ancient characters and alphabet used by the Hebrews.", "SAMAR'ITAN, n.", "1. An inhabitant of Samaria, or one that belonged to the sect which derived their appellation from that city. The Jews had no dealings with the Samaritans.", "2. The language of Samaria, a dialect of the Chaldean."], "same": ["SAME, a. L. simul, together. Gr. Shall we suppose then that s has passed into an aspirate in this word, as in salt, Gr. or has the Greek word lost s? The word same may be the L. idem or dem, dialectically varied. The primary sense is to set, to place, to put together.", "1. Identical; not different or other.", "Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.", "Ps. 102.", "The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread. 1Cor. 11.", "2. Of the identical kind or species, though not the specific thing. We say, the horse of one country is the same animal as the horse of another country. The same plants and fruits are produced in the same latitudes. We see in men in all countries, the same passions and the same vices.", "Th' etherial vigor is in all the same.", "3. That was mentioned before.", "Do but think how well the same he spends, who spends his blood his country to relieve.", "4. Equal; exactly similar. One ship will not run the same distance as another in the same time, and with the same wind. Two balls of the same size have not always the same weight. Two instruments will not always make the same sound.", "SAME, adv. Together. Obs."], "sameness": ["SA'MENESS, n.", "1. Identity; the state of being not different or other; as the sameness of an unchangeable being.", "2. Near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as a sameness of manner; a sameness of sound; the sameness of objects in a landscape.", "Samian earth. Gr. the isle. The name of a marl of two species, used in medicine as an astringent."], "sanctificate": ["SANC'TIFICATE, v.t. To sanctify. Not in use."], "sanctification": ["SANCTIFICA'TION, n. See Sanctify.", "1. The act of making holy. In an evangelical sense, the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to a supreme love to God.", "God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation, through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2Thess. 2. 1Peter 1.", "2. The act of consecrating or of setting apart for a sacred purpose; consecration."], "sanctified": ["SANC'TIFIED, pp.", "1. Made holy; consecrated; set apart for sacred services.", "2. Affectedly holy."], "sanctifier": ["SANC'TIFIER, n. He that sanctifies or makes holy. In theology, the Holy Spirit is, by way of eminence, denominated the Sanctifier."], "sanctify": ["SANC'TIFY, v.t. Low L. sanctifico; from sanctus, holy, and facio, to make.", "1. In a general sense, to cleanse, purify or make holy.", "2. To separate, set apart or appoint to a holy, sacred or religious use.", "God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen. 2.", "So under the Jewish dispensation, to sanctify the altar, the temple, the priests, &c.", "3. To purify; to prepare for divine service, and for partaking of holy things. Ex. 19.", "4. To separate, ordain and appoint to the work of redemption and the government of the church. John 10.", "5. To cleanse from corruption; to purify from sin; to make holy be detaching the affections from the world and its defilements, and exalting them to a supreme love to God.", "Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth.", "John 17. Eph. 5.", "6. To make the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety.", "Those judgments of God are the more welcome, as a means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me, as to make me repent of that unjust act.", "7. To make free from guilt.", "That holy man amaz'd at what he saw, made haste to sanctify the bliss by law.", "8. To secure from violation.", "Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line.", "To sanctify God, to praise and celebrate him as a holy being; to acknowledge and honor his holy majesty, and to reverence his character and laws. Is. 8.", "God sanctifies himself or his name, by vindicating his honor from the reproaches of the wicked, and manifesting his glory. Ezek. 36."], "sanctifying": ["SANC'TIFYING, ppr.", "1. Making holy; purifying from the defilements of sin; separating to a holy use.", "2. a. Tending to sanctify; adapted to increase holiness."], "sanctuary": ["SANC'TUARY, n. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus, sacred.", "1. A sacred place; particularly among the Israelites, the most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and that only once a year to intercede for the people. The same name was given to the most sacred part of the tabernacle. Lev. 4.", "Heb. 9.", "2. The temple at Jerusalem. 2Chron. 20.", "3. A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed. Ps. 73.", "Hence sanctuary is used for a church.", "4. In catholic churches, that part of a church where the altar is placed, encompassed with a balustrade.", "5. A place of protection; a sacred asylum. Hence a sanctuary-man is one that resorts to a sanctuary for protection.", "6. Shelter; protection.", "Some relics of painting took sanctuary under ground."], "sand": ["SAND, n.", "1. Any mass or collection of fine particles of stone, particularly of fine particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced to powder or dust.", "That finer matter called sand, is no other than very small pebbles.", "2. Sands, in the plural, tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; as the Lybian sands.", "SAND, v.t.", "1. To sprinkle with sand. It is customary among the common people in America, to sand their floors with white sand.", "2. To drive upon the sand."], "sanded": ["SAND'ED, pp.", "1. Sprinkled with sand; as a sanded floor.", "2. a. Covered with sand; barren.", "3. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound.", "4. Short sighted."], "sandal": ["SAN'DAL, n. L. sandalium; Gr.", "1. A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fastened to the foot. The Greek and Roman ladies wore sandals made of a rich stuff, ornamented with gold or silver.", "2. A shoe or slipper worn by the pope and other Romish prelates when they officiate. A like sandal is worn by several congregations of monks.", "SAN'DAL,"], "sang": ["SANG, pret. of sing."], "sank": ["SANK, pret. of sink, but nearly obsolete."], "sap": ["SAP, n.", "1. The juice of plants of any kind, which flows chiefly between the wood and the bark. From the sap of a species of maple, is made sugar of a good quality by evaporation.", "2. The alburnum of a tree; the exterior part of the wood, next to the bark. A sense in general use in New England.", "SAP, v.t.", "1. To undermine; to subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine.", "Their dwellings were sapp'd by floods.", "2. To undermine; to subvert by removing the foundation of. Discontent saps the foundation of happiness. Intrigue and corruption sap the constitution of a free government.", "SAP, v.i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining.", "Both assaults are carried on by sapping.", "SAP, n. In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an approach made to a fortified place by digging or under cover. The single sap has only a single parapet; the double has one on each side, and the flying is made with gabions, &c. In all saps, traverses are left to cover the men."], "sapped": ["SAP'PED, pp. Undermined; subverted."], "sapphire": ["SAP'PHIRE, n. L. sapphirus; Gr. to scrape, to shine, to be fair, open, beautiful.", "A species of silicious gems or minerals, of several varieties. In hardness it is inferior to the diamond only. Its colors are blue, red, violet, yellow, green, white, or limpid, and one variety is chatoyant, and another asteriated or radiated.", "Sapphire is a subspecies of rhomboidal corundum.", "The oriental ruby and topaz are sapphires.", "Sapphire is employed in jewelry and the arts."], "sardius": ["S'ARDIUS, n. L. sardius; Gr. from Sardis, in Asia Minor, now Sart. A precious stone. One of this kind was set in Aaron's breastplate. Ex. 28."], "sardonyx": ["S'ARDONYX, n. L. sardonyches, from Gr. from Sardis, a city of Asia Minor, and a nail; so named, according to Pliny, from the resemblance of its color to the flesh under the nail.", "A silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to carnelian. Its color is a reddish yellow, or nearly orange. We are informed that the yellow or orange colored agate, with an undulating surface, is now often called sardonyx."], "saronic": ["SARON'IC, a. Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica and Sparta."], "sat": ["SAT, pret of sit."], "satan": ["SA'TAN, n. Heb. an adversary. The grand adversary of man; the devil or prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels."], "satanical": ["SATAN'ICAL, a. Having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal.", "Detest the slander which with a satanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined."], "satanically": ["SATAN'ICALLY, adv. With the wicked and malicious spirit of Satan; diabolically."], "satanism": ["SA'TANISM, n. The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical spirit."], "sate": ["SATE, v.t. L. satio. The primary sense is to stuff, to fill, from crowding, driving.", "To satiate; to satisfy appetite; to glut; to feed beyond natural desire.", "While the vultures sate their maws with full repast."], "sated": ["SA'TED, pp. Filled; glutted; satiated."], "satiate": ["SATIATE, v.t. sa'shate. L. satiatus, from satio. See sate.", "1. To fill; to satisfy appetite or desire; to feed to the full, or to furnish enjoyment to the extent of desire; as, to satiate appetite or sense.", "2. To fill to the extent of want; as, to satiate the earth or plants with water.", "3. To glut; to fill beyond natural desire.", "He may be satiated, but not satisfied.", "4. To gratify desire to the utmost.", "I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be satiated with my blood.", "5. To saturate. Not unusual. See saturate."], "satiation": ["SATIA'TION, n. The state of being filled."], "satisfaction": ["SATISFAC'TION, n. L. satisfactio. See Satisfy.", "1. That state of the mind which results from the full gratification of desire; repose of mind or contentment with present possession and enjoyment. Sensual pleasure affords no permanent satisfaction.", "2. The act of pleasing or gratifying.", "The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction of its desires -", "3. Repose of the mind on the certainty of any thing; that state which results from relief from suspense, doubt or uncertainty; conviction.", "What satisfaction can you have?", "4. Gratification; that which pleases.", "Exchanging solid quiet to obtain the windy satisfaction of the brain.", "5. That which satisfies; amends; recompense; compensation; indemnification; atonement. Satisfaction for damages, must be an equivalent; but satisfaction in many cases, may consist in concession or apology.", "6. Payment; discharge; as, to receive a sum in full satisfaction of a debt; to enter satisfaction on record."], "satisfactive": ["SATISFAC'TIVE, a. Giving satisfaction. Little used or not at all."], "satisfied": ["SAT'ISFIED, pp. Having the desires fully gratified; made content."], "satisfier": ["SAT'ISFIER, n. One that gives satisfaction."], "satisfy": ["SAT'ISFY, v.t. L. satisfacio; satis, enough, and facio, to make.", "1. To gratify wants, wishes or desires to the full extent; to supply possession or enjoyment till no more is desired. The demands of hunger may be easily satisfied; but who can satisfy the passion for money or honor?", "2. To supply fully what is necessary and demanded by natural laws; as, to satisfy with rain the desolate and waste ground. Job. 38.", "3. To pay to content; to recompense or indemnify to the full extent of claims; as, to satisfy demands.", "He is well paid, that is, well satisfied.", "4. To appease by punishment; as, to satisfy rigor.", "5. To free from doubt, suspense or uncertainty; to cause the mind to rest in confidence by ascertaining the truth; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry.", "6. To convince. A jury must be satisfied of the guilt of a man, before they can justly condemn him.", "The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves most firm, solid and satisfying.", "7. To pay; to discharge; as, to satisfy an execution.", "Debts due to the United States are to be first satisfied.", "SAT'ISFY, v.i.", "1. To give content. Earthly good never satisfies.", "2. To feed or supply to the full.", "3. To make payment. But the intransitive use of this verb is generally elliptical."], "satisfying": ["SAT'ISFYING, ppr. Giving content; feeding or supplying to the full extent of desire; convincing; paying."], "satyr": ["SA'TYR, n. l. satyrus; Gr. a monkey, a fawn.", "In mythology, a sylvan deity or demi-god, represented as a monster, half man and half goat, having horns on his head, a hairy body, with the feet and tail of a goat. Satyrs are usually found in the train of Bacchus, and have been distinguished for lasciviousness and riot. They have been represented as remarkable for their piercing eyes and keen raillery."], "saul": ["SAUL, an old spelling of soul."], "save": ["SAVE, v.t. L. salvo. As salve is used in Latin for salutation or wishing health, as hail is in English, I suspect this word to be from the root of heal or hail, the first letter being changed. Gr. See Salt.", "1. To preserve from injury, destruction or evil of any kind; to rescue from danger; as, to save a house from the flames; to save a man from drowning; to save a family from ruin; to save a state from war.", "He cried, saying Lord, save me. Matt 14. Gen. 45.", "2. To preserve from final and everlasting destruction; to rescue from eternal death.", "Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. 1Tim. 1.", "3. To deliver; to rescue from the power and pollution of sin.", "He shall save his people from their sins. Matt. 1.", "4. To hinder from being spent or lost; as, to save the expense of a new garment. Order in all affairs saves time.", "5. To prevent. method in affairs saves much perplexity.", "6. To reserve or lay by for preservation.", "Now save a nation, and now save a groat.", "7. To spare; to prevent; to hinder from occurrence.", "Will you not speak to save a lady's blush?", "Silent and unobserv'd, to save his tears.", "8. To salve; as, to save appearances.", "9. To take or use opportunely, so as not to lose. The ship sailed in time to save the tide.", "10. To except; to reserve from a general admission or account.", "Israel burned none of them, save Hazor only. Josh. 11.", "Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes, save one. 2Cor. 11.", "Save is here a verb followed by an object. It is the imperative used without a specific nominative; but it is now less frequently used than except.", "SAVE, v.i. To hinder expense.", "Brass ordinance saveth in the quantity of the material."], "saved": ["SA'VED, pp. Preserved from evil; injury or destruction; kept frugally; prevented; spared; taken in time."], "saving": ["SA'VING, ppr.", "1. Preserving from evil or destruction; hindering from waste or loss; sparing; taking or using in time.", "2. Excepting.", "3. a. Frugal; not lavish; avoiding unnecessary expenses; economical; parsimonious. But it implies less rigorous economy than parsimonious; as a saving husbandman or housekeeper.", "4. That saves in returns or receipts the principal or sum employed or expended; that incurs no loss, though not gainful; as a saving bargain. The ship has made a saving voyage.", "5. That secures everlasting salvation; as saving grace.", "SA'VING, n.", "1. Something kept from being expended or lost.", "By reducing the interest of the debt, the nation makes a saving.", "2. Exception; reservation.", "Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a saving to honesty."], "savingly": ["SA'VINGLY, adv.", "1. With frugality or parsimony.", "2. So as to be finally saved from eternal death; as savingly converted."], "saw": ["SAW, pret. of see.", "SAW, n. See the Verb.", "1. A cutting instrument consisting of a blade or thin plate of iron or steel, with one edge dentated or toothed.", "2. A saying; proverb; maxim; decree. Obs. See Say.", "SAW, v.t. pret. sawed; pp. sawed or sawn. L. seco;", "1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw timber or marble.", "2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or planks, that is, to saw timber into boards or planks.", "SAW, v.i.", "1. To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.", "2. To cut with a saw; as, the mill saws fast or well.", "3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smooth."], "sawed": ["SAW'ED, pp. Cut, divided or formed with a saw."], "say": ["SAY, v.t. pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed.", "1. To speak; to utter in words; as, he said nothing; he said many things; he says not a word. Say a good word for me.", "It is observable that although this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell, yet the uses are applications of these words are different. Thus we say, to speak an oration, to tell a story; but in these phrases, say cannot be used. Yet to say a lesson is good English, though not very elegant. We never use the phrases to say a sermon or discourse, to say an argument, to say a speech, to say testimony.", "A very general use of say is to introduce a relation, narration or recital, either of the speaker himself or of something said or done or to be done by another. Thus Adam said, this is bone of my bone; Noah said, blessed be the Lord God of Shem. If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves. Say to the cities of Judah, behold your God. I cannot say what I should do in a similar case. Say thus precedes a sentence. But it is perhaps impracticable to reduce the peculiar and appropriate uses of say, speak and tell, to general rules. They can be learned only by observation.", "2. To declare. Gen. 38.", "3. To utter; to pronounce.", "Say now Shibboleth. Judges 12.", "4. To utter, as a command.", "God said, let there be light. Gen. 1.", "5. To utter, as a promise. Luke 23.", "6. To utter, as a question or answer. Mark 11.", "7. To affirm; to teach. Matt. 17.", "8. To confess. Luke 17.", "9. To testify. Acts 26.", "10. To argue; to allege by way of argument.", "After all that can be said against a thing -", "11. To repeat; to rehearse; to recite; as, to say a lesson.", "12. To pronounce; to recite without singing. Then shall be said or sung as follows.", "13. To report; as in the phrases, it is said, they say.", "14. To answer; to utter by way of reply; to tell.", "Say, Stella, feel you no content, reflecting on a life well spent?", "Note - This verb is not properly intransitive. In the phrase, \"as when we say, Plato is no fool,\" the last clause is the object after the verb; that is, \"we say what follows.\" If this verb is properly intransitive in any case, it is in the phrase, \"that is to say,\" but in such cases, the subsequent clause is the object of the verb, being that which is said, uttered or related.", "SAY, n. A speech; something said. In popular use, but not elegant.", "SAY, n. for assay.", "1. A sample. Obs.", "2. Trial by sample. Obs.", "SAY, n. A thin silk. Obs.", "SAY,"], "saying": ["SA'YING, ppr. Uttering in articulate sounds or words; speaking; telling; relating; reciting.", "SA'YING, n.", "1. An expression; a sentence uttered; a declaration.", "Moses fled at this saying. Acts 7.", "Cicero treasured up the sayings of Scaevola.", "2. A proverbial expression. Many are the sayings of the wise."], "scab": ["SCAB, n. L. scabbies, scaber, rough.", "1. An encrusted substance, dry and rough, formed over a sore in healing.", "2. The itch or mange in horses; a disease of sheep.", "3. A mean, dirty paltry fellow. Low."], "scabbed": ["SCAB'BED, a. from scab.", "1. Abounding with scabs; diseased with scabs.", "2. Mean; paltry; vile; worthless."], "scabbard": ["SCAB'BARD, n. The sheath of a sword.", "SCAB'BARD, v.t. To put in a sheath."], "scaffold": ["SCAF'FOLD, n. The last syllable is the L. fala.", "1. Among builders, an assemblage or structure of timbers, boards or planks, erected by the wall of a building to support the workmen.", "2. A temporary gallery or stage raised either for shows or spectators.", "3. A stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal.", "SCAF'FOLD, v.t. To furnish with a scaffold; to sustain; to uphold."], "scaffolding": ["SCAF'FOLDING, n.", "1. A frame or structure for support in an elevated place.", "2. That which sustains; a frame; as the scaffolding of the body.", "3. Temporary structure for support.", "4. Materials for scaffolds."], "scale": ["SCALE, n. L. id. If the sense is to strip, it coincides with the Gr. to spoil.", "1. The dish of a balance; and hence, the balance itself, or whole instrument; as, to turn the scale.", "Long time in even scale the battle hung.", "But in general, we use the plural, scales, for the whole instrument.", "The scales are turn'd; her kindness weights no more now than my vows.", "2. The sign of the balance or Libra, in the zodiac.", "3. The small shell or crust which composes a part of the covering of a fish; and hence, any thin layer or leaf exfoliated or separated; a thin lamin; as scales of iron or of bone.", "The scales of fish consist of alternate layers of membrane and phosphate of lime. The scales of serpents are composed of a horny membrane, without the calcarious phosphate.", "4. A ladder; series of steps; means of ascending. L. scala.", "5. The art of storming a place by mounting the wall on ladders; an escalade, or scalade.", "6. A mathematical instrument of wood or metal, on which are marked line and figures for the purpose of measuring distances, extent or proportions; as a plain scale; a diagonal scale.", "7. Regular gradation; a series rising by steps or degrees like those of a ladder. Thus we speak of the scale of being, in which man occupies a higher rank than brutes, and angels a higher rank than man.", "8. Any instrument, figure or scheme, graduated for the purpose of measuring extent or proportions as a map drawn by a scale of half an inch to a league.", "9. In music, a gamut; a diagram; or a series of lines and spaces rising one above another, on which notes are placed; or a scale consists of the regular gradations of sounds. A scale may be limited to an octave, called by the Greeks a tetrachord, or it may extend to the compass of any voice or instrument.", "10. Any thing graduated or marked with degrees at equal distances.", "SCALE, v.t.", "1. To climb, as by a ladder; to ascend by steps; and applied to the walls of a fortified place, to mount in assault or storm.", "Oft have I scal'd the craggy oak.", "2. from scale, a balance. To measure; to compare; to weight.", "3. from scale, the covering of a fish. to strip or clear of scales; as, to scale a fish.", "4. To take off in thin lamins or scales.", "5. To pare off a surface.", "If all the mountains were scaled, and the earth made even -", "6. In the north of England, to spread, as manure or loose substances; also, to disperse; to waste.", "7. In gunnery, to clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.", "SCALE, v.i. To separate and come off in thin layers or lamins.", "The old shells of the lobster scale off."], "scaled": ["SCA'LED, pp.", "1. Ascended by ladders or steps; cleared of scales; pared; scattered.", "2. a. Having scales like a fish; squamous; as a scaled snake."], "scaling": ["SCA'LING, ppr.", "1. Ascending by ladders or steps; storming.", "2. Stripping of scales.", "3. Peeling; paring."], "scall": ["SCALL, n. See Scald and Scaldhead.", "Scab; scabbiness; leprosy.", "It is a dry scall, even a leprosy on the head. Lev. 42."], "scalp": ["SCALP, n. L. scalpo.", "1. The skin of the top of the head; as a hairless scalp.", "2. The skin of the top of the head cut or torn off. A scalp among the Indians of America is a trophy of victory.", "SCALP, v.t. To deprive of the scalp, or integuments of the head."], "scalped": ["SCALP'ED, pp. Deprived of the skin of the head."], "scalping": ["SCALP'ING, ppr. Depriving of the skin of the top of the head."], "scant": ["SCANT, v.t.", "To limit; to straiten; as, to scant one in provisions; to scant ourselves in the use of necessaries; to scant a garment in cloth.", "I am scanted in the pleasure of dwelling on your actions.", "SCANT, v.i. To fail or become less; as, the wind scants.", "SCANT, a.", "1. Not full, large or plentiful; scarcely sufficient; rather less than is wanted for the purpose; as a scant allowance of provisions or water; a scant pattern of cloth for a garment.", "2. Sparing; parsimonious; cautiously affording.", "Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Not in use.", "3. Not fair, free or favorable for a ship's course; as a scant wind.", "SCANT, adv. Scarcely; hardly; not quite.", "The people - received of the bankers scant twenty shillings for thirty. Obsolete or vulgar."], "scantness": ["SCANT'NESS, n. from scant. Narrowness; smallness; as the scantness of our capacities."], "scarce": ["SCARCE, a.", "1. Not plentiful or abundant; being in small quantity in proportion to the demand. We say, water is scarce, wheat, rye, barley is scarce, money is scarce, when the quantity is not fully adequate to the demand.", "2. Being few in number and scattered; rare; uncommon. Good horses are scarce.", "The scarcest of all is a Pescennius Niger on a medallion well preserved.", "SCARCE,"], "scarcely": ["SCARCELY, adv.", "1. Hardly; scantly.", "We scarcely think our miseries our foes.", "2. Hardly; with difficulty.", "Slowly he sails, and scarcely stems the tides."], "scare": ["SCARE, v.t. L. ex and cor, heart; but qu.", "To fright; to terrify suddenly; to strike with sudden terror.", "The noise of thy crow-bow will scare the herd, and so my shot is lost.", "To scare away, to drive away by frightening."], "scared": ["SCARED, pp. Frightened; suddenly terrified."], "scarlet": ["SC'ARLET, n.", "1. A beautiful bright red color, brighter than crimson.", "2. Cloth of a scarlet color.", "All her household are clothed with scarlet. Prov. 31.", "SC'ARLET, a. of the color called scarlet; of a bright red color; as a scarlet cloth or thread; a scarlet lip."], "scatter": ["SCAT'TER, v.t. L. scateo, discutio; Gr. to scatter, to discuss. This word may be formed on the root of discutio. The primary sense is to drive or throw.", "1. To disperse; to dissipate; to separate or remove things to a distance from each other.", "From thence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. Gen. 11.", "I will scatter you among the heathen. Lev. 26.", "2. To throw loosely about; to sprinkle; as, to scatter seed in sowing.", "Teach the glad hours to scatter, as they fly, soft quiet, gentle love and endless joy.", "3. To spread or set thinly.", "Why should my muse enlarge on Libyan swains, their scatter'd cottages, and ample plains.", "SCAT'TER, v.i.", "1. To be dispersed or dissipated. The clouds scatter after a storm.", "2. To be liberal to the poor; to be charitable. Prov. 11."], "scattered": ["SCAT'TERED, pp.", "1. Dispersed; dissipated; thinly spread; sprinkled or thinly spread over.", "2. In botany, irregular in position; without any apparent regular order; as scattered branches."], "scattering": ["SCAT'TERING, ppr.", "1. Dispersing; spreading thinly; sprinkling.", "2. a. Not united; divided among many; as scattering votes."], "scatteringly": ["SCAT'TERINGLY, adv. Loosely; in a dispersed manner; thinly; as habitations scatteringly placed over the country."], "scent": ["SCENT, n. L. sentio, to perceive.", "1. Odor; smell; that substance which issuing from a body, affects the olfactory organs of animals; as the scent of an orange or an apple; the scent of musk. The word is applicable to any odor, agreeable or offensive.", "2. The power of smelling; the smell; as a house of nice scent.", "3. chase followed by the scent; course of pursuit; track.", "He travelled upon the same scent into Ethiopia.", "SCENT, v.t.", "1. to smell; to perceive by the olfactory organs; as, to scent game, as a hound.", "2. To perfume; to imbue or fill with odor, good or bad. Aromatic plants scent the room. some persons scent garments with musk; others scent their snuff."], "scentful": ["SCENT'FUL, a.", "1. Odorous; yielding much smell.", "2. Of quick smell."], "schism": ["SCHISM, n. sizm. L. schisma; Gr. to divide, L. scindo.", "1. In a general sense, division or separation; but appropriately, a division or separation in a church or denomination of christians, occasioned by diversity of opinions; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith.", "- Set bounds to our passions by reason, to our errors by truth, and to our schisms by charity.", "In Scripture, the word seems to denote a breach of charity, rather than a difference of doctrine.", "2. Separation; division among tribes or classes of people."], "scholar": ["SCHOL'AR, n. Low L. scholaris, from schola, a school; Gr. leisure, a school. See School.", "1. One who learns of a teacher; one who is under the tuition of a preceptor; a pupil; a disciple; hence, any member of a college, academy or school; applicable to the learner of any art, science or branch of literature.", "2. A man of letters.", "3. Emphatically used, a man eminent for erudition; a person of high attainments in science or literature.", "4. One that learns any thing; as an apt scholar in the school of vice.", "5. A pedant; a man of books. But the word scholar seldom conveys the idea of a pedant."], "scholarity": ["SCHOLAR'ITY, n. Scholarship. Not used."], "school": ["SCHOOL, n. L. schola; Gr. leisure, vacation from business, lucubration at leisure, a place where leisure is enjoyed, a school. The adverb signifies at ease, leisurely, slowly, hardly, with labor or difficulty. I think, must have been derived from the Latin. This word seems originally to have denoted leisure, freedom from business, a time given to sports, games or exercises, and afterwards time given to literary studies. the sense of a crowd, collection or shoal, seems to be derivative.", "1. A place or house in which persons are instructed in arts, science, languages or any species of learning; or the pupils assembled for instruction. In American usage, school more generally denotes the collective body of pupils in any place of instruction, and under the direction and discipline of one or more teachers. Thus we say, a school consists of fifty pupils. The preceptor has a large school, or a small school. His discipline keeps the school well regulated and quiet.", "2. The instruction or exercises of a collection of pupils or students, or the collective body of pupils while engaged in their studies. Thus we say, the school begins or opens at eight o'clock, that is, the pupils at that hour begin their studies. so we say, the teacher is now in school, the school hours are from nine to twelve, and from two to five.", "3. The state of instruction.", "Set him betimes to school.", "4. A place of education, or collection of pupils, of any kind; as the schools of the prophets. In modern usage, the word school comprehends every place of education, as university, college, academy, common or primary schools, dancing schools, riding schools, &c.; but ordinarily the word is applied to seminaries inferior to universities and colleges.", "What is the great community of christians, but one of the innumerable schools in the vast plan, which God has instituted for the education of various intelligences?", "5. Separate denomination or sect; or a system of doctrine taught by particular teachers, or peculiar to any denomination of christians or philosophers.", "Let no man be less confident in his faith - by reason of any difference in the several schools of christians -", "Thus we say, the Socratic school, the Platonic school, the Peripatetic or Ionic school; by which we understand all those who adopted and adhered to a particular system of opinions.", "6. The seminaries for teaching logic, metaphysics and theology, which were formed in the middle ages, and which were characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of reasoning; or the learned men who were engaged in discussing nice points in metaphysics or theology.", "The supreme authority of Aristotle in the schools of theology as well as of philosophy -", "Hence, school divinity is the divinity which discusses nice points, and proves every thing by argument.", "7. Any place of improvement or learning. The world is an excellent school to wise men, but a school of vice to fools.", "SCHOOL, v.t.", "1. To instruct; to train; to educate.", "He's gentle, never school'd, yet learn'd.", "2. To teach with superiority; to tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove.", "School your child, and ask why God's anointed he revil'd."], "schooling": ["SCHOOL'ING, ppr. Instructing; teaching; reproving.", "SCHOOL'ING, n.", "1. Instruction in school; tuition.", "2. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.", "3. Reproof; reprimand. He gave his son a good schooling."], "schoolmaster": ["SCHOOL'MASTER, n. See Master.", "1. The man who presides over and teaches a school; a teacher, instructor or preceptor of a school. Applied now only or chiefly to the teachers of primary school.", "Adrian VI. was sometime schoolmaster to Charles V.", "2. He or that which disciplines, instructs and leads.", "The law was our schoolmaster to bring us to Christ. Gal. 3."], "science": ["SCI'ENCE, n. L. scientia, from scio, to know.", "1. In a general sense, knowledge, or certain knowledge; the comprehension or understanding of truth or facts by the mind. The science of God must be perfect.", "2. In philosophy, a collection of the general principles or leading truths relating to any subject. Pure science, as the mathematics, is built on self-evident truths; but the term science is also applied to other subjects founded on generally acknowledged truths, as metaphysics; or on experiment and observation, as chimistry and natural philosophy; or even to an assemblage of the general principles of an art, as the science of agriculture; the science of navigation. Arts relate to practice, as painting and sculpture.", "A principle in science is a rule in art.", "3. Art derived from precepts or built on principles.", "Science perfects genius.", "4. Any art or species of knowledge.", "No science doth make known the first principles on which it buildeth.", "5. One of the seven liberal branches of knowledge, viz grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.", "Note - Authors have not always been careful to use the terms art and science with due discrimination and precision. Music is an art as well as a science. In general, an art is that which depends on practice or performance, and science that which depends on abstract or speculative principles. The theory of music is a science; the practice of it an art."], "scoff": ["SCOFF, v.i. Gr. The primary sense is probably to throw. But I do not find the word in the English and Greek sense, in any modern language except the English.", "To treat with insolent ridicule, mockery or contumelious language; to manifest contempt by derision; with at. To scoff at religion and sacred things is evidence of extreme weakness and folly, as well as of wickedness.", "They shall scoff at the kings. Hab. 1.", "SCOFF, v.t. To treat with derision or scorn.", "SCOFF, n. Derision, ridicule, mockery or reproach, expressed in language of contempt; expression of scorn or contempt.", "With scoffs and scorns and contumelious taunts."], "scoffer": ["SCOFF'ER, n. One who scoffs; one that mocks, derides or reproaches in the language of contempt; a scorner.", "There shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, and saying, \"Where is the promise of his coming?\" 2Peter 3."], "scorch": ["SCORCH, v.t.", "1. To burn superficially; to subject to a degree of heat that changes the color of a thing, or both the color and texture of the surface. Fire will scorch linen or cotton very speedily in extremely cold weather.", "2. To burn; to affect painfully with heat. Scorched with the burning sun or burning sands of Africa.", "SCORCH, v.i. To be burnt on the surface; to be parched; to be dried up.", "Scatter a little mungy straw and fern among your seedlings, to prevent the roots from scorching."], "scorched": ["SCORCH'ED, pp. Burnt on the surface; pained by heat."], "scorching": ["SCORCH'ING, ppr. Burning on the surface; paining by heat."], "scorn": ["SCORN, n.", "1. Extreme contempt; that disdain which springs from a person's opinion of the meanness of an object, and a consciousness or belief of his own superiority or worth.", "He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone. Esther 3.", "Every sullen frown and bitter scorn but fann'd the fuel that too fast did burn.", "2. A subject of extreme contempt, disdain or derision; that which is treated with contempt.", "Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and a derision to them that are around us. Ps. 44.", "To think scorn, to disdain; to despise. obs.", "To laugh to scorn, to deride; to make a mock of; to ridicule as contemptible.", "They laughed us to scorn. Neh. 2.", "SCORN, v.t.", "1. to hold in extreme contempt; to despise; to contemn; to disdain. job. 16.", "Surely he scorneth the scorner; but he giveth grace to the lowly. Prov. 3.", "2. to think unworth; to disdain.", "Fame that delights around the world to stray, scorns not to take our Argos in her way.", "3. To slight; to disregard; to neglect.", "This my long suff'rance and my day of grace, those who neglect and scorn, shall never taste.", "SCORN, v.i. To scorn at, to scoff at; to treat with contumely, derision or reproach. Obs."], "scorned": ["SCORN'ED, pp. Extremely contemned or despised; disdained."], "scornful": ["SCORN'FUL, a.", "1. Contemptuous; disdainful; entertaining scorn; insolent.", "Th' enamor'd deity the scornful damsel shuns.", "2. Acting in defiance or disregard.", "Scornful of winter's frost and summer's sun.", "3. In Scripture, holding religion in contempt; treating with disdain religion and the dispensations of God."], "scornfulness": ["SCORN'FULNESS, n. The quality of being scornful."], "scorning": ["SCORN'ING, ppr. Holding in great contempt; despising; disdaining.", "SCORN'ING, n. The act of contemning; a treating with contempt, slight or disdain.", "How long will the scorners delight in their scorning?", "Prov. 1. Ps. 123."], "scorner": ["SCORN'ER, n.", "1. One that scorns; a contemner; a despiser.", "They are great scorners of death.", "2. A scoffer; a derider; in Scripture, one who scoffs at religion, its ordinances and teachers, and who makes a mock of sin and the judgments and threatenings of God against sinners. Prov. 1. Prov. 19."], "scorpion": ["SCOR'PION, n. L. scorpio; Gr. probably altered from the Oriental.", "1. In zoology, an insect of the genus Scorpio, or rather the genus itself, containing several species, natives of southern or warm climates. This animal has eight feet, two claws in front, eight eyes, three on each side of the thorax and two on the back, and a long jointed tail ending in a pointed weapon or sting. It is found in the south of Europe, where it seldom exceeds four inches in length. In tropical climates, it grows to a foot in length, and resembles a lobster. The sting of this animal is sometimes fatal to life.", "2. In Scripture, a painful scourge; a kind of whip armed with points like a scorpion's tail. 1Kings 12.", "Malicious and crafty men, who delight in injuring others, are compared to scorpions. Ezek. 2.", "3. In astronomy, the eighth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters, Oct. 23.", "4. A sea fish. L. scorpius.", "Water scorpion, an aquatic insect of the genus Nepa."], "scour": ["SCOUR, v.t.", "1. To rub hard with something rough, for the purpose of cleaning; as, to scour a kettle; to scour a musket; to scour armor.", "2. To clean by friction; to make clean or bright.", "3. To purge violently.", "4. To remove by scouring.", "Never came reformation in a flood with such a heady current, scouring faults.", "5. To range about for taking all that can be found; as, to scour the sea of pirates.", "6. To pass swiftly over; to brush along; as, to scour the coast.", "Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain.", "SCOUR, v.i.", "1. To perform the business of cleaning vessels by rubbing.", "2. To clean.", "Warm water is softer than cold, for it scoureth better.", "3. To be purged to excess.", "4. To rove or range for sweeping or taking something.", "Barbarossa, thus scouring along the coast of Italy -", "5. To run with celerity; to scamper.", "So four fierce coursers, starting to the race, scour through the plain, and lengthen every pace."], "scoured": ["SCOUR'ED, pp. Rubbed with something rough, or made clean by rubbing; severely purged; brushed along."], "scouring": ["SCOUR'ING, ppr. Rubbing hard with something rough; cleaning by rubbing; cleansing with a drastic cathartic; ranging over for clearing.", "SCOUR'ING, n. A rubbing hard for cleaning; a cleansing by a drastic purge; looseness; flux."], "scourge": ["SCOURGE, n. skurj. L. corriggia, from corrigo, to straighten.", "1. To whip; a lash consisting of a strap or cord; an instrument of punishment or discipline.", "A scourge of small cords. John 2.", "2. A punishment; vindictive affliction.", "Famine and plague are sent as scourges for amendment.", "3. He or that which greatly afflicts, harasses or destroys; particularly, any continued evil or calamity. Attila was called the scourge of God, for the miseries he inflicted in his conquests. Slavery is a terrible scourge.", "4. A whip for a top.", "SCOURGE, v.t. skurj.", "1. To whip severely; to lash.", "It is lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman?", "Acts 22.", "2. To punish with severity; to chastise; to afflict for sins or faults, and with the purpose of correction.", "He will scourge us for our iniquities, and will have mercy again.", "Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. Heb. 12.", "3. To afflict greatly; to harass, torment or injure."], "scourged": ["SCOURG'ED, pp. Whipped; lashed; punished severely; harassed."], "scourging": ["SCOURG'ING, ppr. Whipping; lashing with severity; punishing or afflicting severely."], "scrabble": ["SCRAB'BLE, v.i. L. scribo, Eng. grave, engrave, &c. See Scrape.", "1. To scrape, paw or scratch with the hands; to move along on the hands and knees by clawing with the hands; to scramble; as, to scrabble up a cliff or a tree. a word in common popular use in New England, but not elegant.", "2. To make irregular or crooked marks; as, children scrabble when they begin to write; hence, to make irregular and unmeaning marks.", "David - scrabbled on the doors of the gate. 1Sam. 21.", "SCRAB'BLE, v.t. To mark with irregular lines or letters; as, to scrabble paper."], "scrabbling": ["SCRAB'BLING, ppr. Scraping; scratching; scrambling; making irregular marks."], "scrape": ["SCRAPE, v.t. L. scribo, Gr. to write. See Grave.", "1. To rub the surface of any thing with a sharp or rough instrument, or with something hard; as, to scrap the floor; to scrape a vessel for cleaning it; to scrape the earth; to scrape the body. Job 2.", "2. To clean by scraping. Lev. 14.", "3. To remove or take off by rubbing.", "I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock. Ezek. 26.", "4. To act upon the surface with a grating noise.", "The chiming clocks to dinner call; a hundred footsteps scrape the marble hall.", "To scrape off, to remove by scraping; to clear away by rubbing.", "To scrape together, to gather by close industry or small gains or savings; as, to scrape together a good estate.", "SCRAPE, v.i.", "1. To make a harsh noise.", "2. To play awkwardly on a violin.", "3. To make an awkward bow.", "To scrape acquaintance, to make one's self acquainted; to curry favor. A low phrase introduced from the practice of scraping in bowing.", "SCRAPE, n.", "1. A rubbing.", "2. The sound of the foot drawn over the floor.", "3. A bow.", "4. Difficulty; perplexity; distress; that which harasses. A low word."], "scraped": ["SCRA'PED, pp. Rubbed on the surface with a sharp or rough instrument; cleaned by rubbing; cleared away by scraping."], "scraping": ["SCRA'PING, ppr. Rubbing the surface with something sharp or hard; cleaning by a scraper; removing by rubbing; playing awkwardly on a violin."], "screech": ["SCREECH, v.i. See Screak and Shriek.", "1. To cry out with a sharp shrill voice; to utter a sudden shrill cry, as in terror or acute pain; to scream; to shriek.", "2. To utter a sharp cry, as an owl; thence called screech-owl.", "SCREECH, n.", "1. A sharp shrill cry uttered in acute pain, or in a sudden fright.", "2. A harsh shrill cry, as of a fowl."], "screeching": ["SCREE'CHING, ppr. Uttering a shrill or harsh cry."], "scribe": ["SCRIBE, n. L. scriba, from scribo, to write; formed probably on the root of grave, scrape, scrub. The first writing was probably engraving on wood or stone.", "1. In a general sense, a writer. Hence,", "2. A notary; a public writer.", "3. In ecclesiastical meetings and associations in America, a secretary or clerk; one who records the transactions of an ecclesiastical body.", "4. In Scripture and the Jewish history, a clerk or secretary to the king. Seraiah was scribe to king David.", "2Sam. 8.", "5. An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls of the army, and called over the names and reviewed them. 2Ch. 24. 2Kings 25.", "6. A writer and a doctor of the law; a man of learning; one skilled in the law; one who read and explained the law to the people. Ezra 8.", "SCRIBE, v.t. To mark by a model or rule; to mark so as to fit one piece to another; a term used by carpenters and joiners."], "scrip": ["SCRIP, n. This belongs to the root of gripe, our vulgar grab, that is, to seize or press.", "A small bag; a wallet; a satchel. David put five smooth stones in a scrip. 1Sam. 17. Matt. 10.", "SCRIP, n. L. scriptum, scriptio, from scribo, to write.", "A small writing, certificate or schedule; a piece of paper containing a writing.", "Bills of exchange cannot pay our debts abroad, till scrips of paper can be made current coin.", "A certificate of stock subscribed to a bank or other company, or of a share of other joint property, is called in America a scrip."], "scriptural": ["SCRIP'TURAL, a. from scripture.", "1. Contained in the Scriptures, so called by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible; as a scriptural word, expression or phrase.", "2. According to the Scriptures or sacred oracles; as a scriptural doctrine."], "scripture": ["SCRIP'TURE, n. L. scriptura, from scribo, to write.", "1. In its primary sense, a writing; any thing written.", "2. Appropriately, and by way of distinction, the books of the Old and New Testament; the Bible. The word is used either in the singular or plural number, to denote the sacred writings or divine oracles, called sacred or holy, as proceeding from God and containing sacred doctrines and precepts.", "There is not any action that a man ought to do or forbear, but the Scripture will give him a clear precept or prohibition for it.", "Compared with the knowledge which the Scriptures contain, every other subject of human inquiry is vanity and emptiness."], "scroll": ["SCROLL, n. probably formed from roll, or its root.", "A roll of paper or parchment; or a writing formed into a roll.", "Here is the scroll of every man's name.", "The heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll. Is. 34."], "scum": ["SCUM, n.", "1. The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which form on the surface by other means. The word is also applied to the scoria of metals.", "2. The refuse; the recrement; that which is vile or worthless.", "The great and the innocent are insulted by the scum and refuse of the people."], "scummed": ["SCUM'MED, pp. Cleaned of scum; skimmed."], "scumming": ["SCUM'MING, ppr. Clearing of scum; slimming."], "scummings": ["SCUM'MINGS, n. The matter skimmed from boiling liquors; as the scummings of the boiling house."], "scurviness": ["SCUR'VINESS, n. from scurvy. The state of being scurvy."], "scurvy": ["SCUR'VY, n. from scurf; scurvy for scurfy; Low L. scorbutus. A disease characterized by great debility, a pale bloated face, bleeding spongy gums, large livid tumors on the body, offensive breath, aversion to exercise, oppression at the breast or difficult respiration, a smooth, dry, shining skin, &c.; a disease most incident to persons who live confined, or on salted meats without fresh vegetables in cold climates.", "SCUR'VY, a.", "1. Scurfy; covered or affected by scurf or scabs; scabby; diseased with scurvy.", "2. Vile; mean; low; vulgar; worthless; contemptible; as a scurvy fellow.", "He spoke scurvy and provoking terms. Shak.", "That scurvy custom of taking tobacco. Swift."], "scythian": ["SCYTH'IAN, a. Pretaining to Scythia, a name given to the northern part of Asia, and Europe adjoining to Asia.", "SCYTH'IAN, n. See Scot. A native of Scythia."], "sea": ["SEA, n. see. This word, like lake, signifies primarily a seat, set or lay, a repository, a bason.", "1. A large bason, cisternor laver which Solomon made in the temple, so large as to contain more than six thousand gallons. This was called the brazen sea, and used to hold water for the priests to wash themselves. 1 Kings 7. 2 Chron. 4", "2. A large body of water, nearly inclosed by land, as the Baltic or the Mediterranean; as the sea of Azof. Seas are properly branches of the ocean, and upon the same level. Large bodies of water inland, and situated above the level of the ocean, are lakes. The appellation of sea, given to the Caspian lake, is an exception, and not very correct. So the lake of Galilee is called a sea, from the Greek.", "3. The ocean; as, to go to sea. The fleet is at sea, or on the high seas.", "4. A wave; a billow; a surge. The vessel shipped a sea.", "5. The swell of the ocean in a tempest, or the direction of the waves; as, we head the sea.", "6. Proverbially, a large quantity of liquor; as a sea of blood.", "7. A rough or agitated place or element.", "In a troubled sea of passion tost. Milton."], "seal": ["SEAL, n. The common name for the species of the genus Phoca. These animals are ampibious, most of the inhabiting the sea coasts, particularly in the higher latitudes. They have six cutting teeth in the upper jaw, and four in the lower. Their hind feet are placed at the extremity of the body, in the same diretion with it, and serve the purpose of a caudal fin; the fore feet are also adapted for swimming, and furmished each with five claws; the external ears are either very small or wanting. There are numerous species; as the leonina, sometimes 18 feet in length, and the jubata, sometimes 25 feet in length, with a name like a lion, both called sea-lion, and found in the southern seas, and alo in the N. Pacific; the ursina, or sea bear, 8 or 9 feet in length, and covered with long, thick bristly hair, found in the N. Pacifac; and the common seal frome 4 to 6 feet in length, found generally throughout the Atlantic and the seas and bays communicating with it, covered with short, stiff, glossy hair, with a smooth head without external ears, and with the fore legs deeply immersed in the skin. Seals are much sought after for their skins and fur.", "SEAL, n. L. sigillum.", "1. A piece of metal or other hard substance, usually round or oval, on which is ingraved some image or device, and sometimes a legend or inscription. This is used by idividuals, corporate bodies and states, for making impressions on wax upon instuments of writing, as an evidence of their authenticity. The king of England has his seal and his privy seal. Seals are sometimes worn in rings."], "sealed": ["SE'ALED, pp. Furnished with a seal; fastened with a seal; confirmed; closed."], "sealing": ["SE'ALING, ppr. Fixing a seal; fastening with a seal; confirming; closing; keeping secret; fixing a piece of wood or iron in a wall with cement.", "SE'ALING, n. from seal, the animal The operation of taking seals and curing their skins."], "seam": ["SEAM, n.", "1. The suture or uniting of two edges of cloth by the needle.", "The coat was without seam , woven from the top throughout. John 29.", "2. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship's side or deck; or rather the intervals between the edges of boards or planks in a floor, &c. The seams of the ships are filled with oakum, and covered with pitch.", "3. In mines, a vein or stratum of metal, ore, coal and the like.", "4. A cicatrix or scar.", "5. A measure of eight bushels of corn; or the vessel that contains it. Not used in America."], "seamed": ["SE'AMED, pp. Marked with seams; having seams or scars."], "seaming": ["SE'AMING, ppr. Marking with scars; making seams."], "sear": ["SEAR, v. t. Gr. to dry; to parch; dry. L. torreo, in a diffrent dialect.", "1. To burn to dryness and hardness the surface of any thing; to cauterize; to expose to a degree of heat that changes the color of the surface, ar makes it hard; as, to sear the skin or flesh.", "I'm sear'd with burning steel. Rowe."], "seared": ["SE'ARED, pp. from sear. Burnt on the furface; cauterized; hardened;"], "search": ["SEARCH, v. t. serch", "1. To look over or through for the purpose of finding something; to explore; to examine by inspection; as, to search the house for a book; to search the wood for a thief."], "searched": ["SEARCHED, pp. serch'ed. Looked over carefully; explored; examined."], "searching": ["SEARCHING, pp. serch'ing.", "1. Looking into or over; exploring; examining; inquiring; seeking; investigating.", "2. a. Penetrating; trying; close; as a searching discourse.", "SEARCHING, n. search'ing. Exanination; severe inquisition. Judges 5."], "season": ["SE'ASON. n. se'zn.Season literally signifies that which comes or arrives; and in this general sense, is synonymous with time. Hence,", "1. A fit or suitable time; the convenient time; the usual or appointed time; as, the messenger arrived in season; in good season. This fruit is out of season.", "2. Any time, as distinguished from others.", "The season prime for sweetest scents and airs. Milton.", "3. A time of some continuance, but not long.", "Thou shalt be blind, not seeing the sun for a season. Acts 13.", "4. One of the four divisions of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter. The season is mild; it is cold for the season.", "We saw in six days' traveling, the several seasons of the year n their beauty."], "seasonable": ["SE'ASONABLE, a. Opportune; that comes, happens or is done in good time, in due season or in proper time for the purpose; as a seasonable supply of rain.", "Mercy is seasonable in the time of affliction. Ecclus."], "seasonableness": ["SE'ASONABLENESS, n. Opportuneness of time; that state of being in good time, or in time convenient for the prupose or sufficiently early."], "seasonably": ["SE'ASONABLY, adv. In due time; in time convenient; sufficiently early; as, to sow or plant seasonably."], "seasoned": ["SE'ASONED, pp. Mixed or sprinkled with something that gives a relish; tempered; moderated; qualified; matured; dried and hardened."], "seasoner": ["SE'ASONER, n. He that seasons; that which seasons, matures or gives a relish."], "seasoning": ["SE'ASONING, ppr. Giving a relish by something added; moderating; qualifying; maturing; drying and hardening; fitting by habit.", "SE'ASONING, n.", "1. That which is added to any species of food to give it a higher relish; usually, something pungent or aromatic; as salt, spices or other aromatic herbs, acids, sugar, or a mixture of several things.", "2. Something added or mixed to enhance the pleasure of enjoyment; as, with or humor may serve as a seasoning to eloquence.", "Political speculations are of so dry and asutere a nature, that they will not go down with the public without frequent seasoning. Addison."], "seat": ["SEAT, n. L. sedes, situs.", "1. That on which one sits; a chair, bench, stool or any other thing on which a person sits.", "Christ--overthrew the tables of the money changers and the seats of them that sold doves. Matt. 21.", "2. The place of sitting; throne; chair of state; tribunal; post of authority; as the seat of justice; judgment-seat.", "3. Mansion; residence; dwelling; abode; as Italy the seat of empire. The Greeks sent colonies to seek a new seat in Gaul.", "In Albe he shall fix his royal seat. Dryden.", "4. Site; situation. The seat of Eden has never been incontrovertibly ascertained.", "5. That part of a saddle on which a person sits.", "6. In horsemanship, posture or situation of a perosn on horseback.", "7. A pew or slip in a chruch; a place to sit in.", "8. The place where a thing is settled or established. London is the seat of business and opulence. So we say, the seat of the muses,the seat of arts, the seat of commerce.", "SEAT, v.t.", "1. To place on a seat; to cause to sit down. We seat ourselves; we seat our guests.", "The guests were no sooner seated but they entered into a warm debate."], "seated": ["SE'ATED, pp. Placed in a chair or on a bench, &c.; set; fixed; settled; established; furnished with a seat."], "seating": ["SE'ATING, ppr. Placing on a seat; setting; settling; furnishing with a seat; having its seats assigned to individuals, as a church."], "sebate": ["SE'BATE, n. supra. In chimistry, a salt formed by the sebacic acid and a base."], "second": ["SEC'OND, a. L. secundus; L. sequor, to follow. See Seek.", "1. That immediately follows the first; the mext following the first in order of place or time; the ordinal of two. Take the second book from the shelf. Enter the second house.", "And he slept and dreamed the second time. Gen. 41.", "2. Next in value, power, excellence, dignity or rank; inferior. The silks of China are second to none. Lord Chatham was second to none in eloquence. Dr. Johnson was second to none in itellecual powers, but second to many in research and erudition."], "seconded": ["SEC'ONDED, pp. Supported; aided."], "seconder": ["SEC'ONDER, n. One that supported what another attempts, or what he affirms, or hat he moves or proposes; as the seconder of an enterprise or of a motion."], "secondarily": ["SEC'ONDARILY, adv. from secondary. In second degree or second order; not primarily or originally; not the first intention. Duties on imports serve primarily to raise a revenue, and secondarily to encourage domestic manufactures and industry."], "secret": ["SE'CRET, a. L. secretus. This is given as the participle of secerno, but is radically a different word. The radical sense of seg is to separate, as in L. seco, to cut off; and not improbably this word is contracted into the Latin se, a prefix in segrego, separo, &c.", "1. Properly, separate; hence, hid; concealed from the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individual or individuals concerned.", "I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judges 3.", "2. Unseen; private; secluded; being in retirement.", "There secret in her sapphire cell,", "He with the Nais wont to dwell. Fenton.", "3. Removed from sight; private; unknown.", "Abide in a secret place, and hide thyself. I Sam. 19.", "4. Keeping secrets; faithful to secrets entrusted; as secret Romans. Unusual.", "5. Private; affording privacy.", "6. Occult; not seen; not apparent; as the secret operations of physical causes.", "7. Known to God only."], "secrete": ["SECRE'TE, v.t.", "1. To hide; to conceal; to remove from observation or the knowledge of others; as to secrete stolen goods.", "2. To secrete one's self; to retire from notice into a private place; to abscend.", "3. In the animal economy, to produce from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents; as the glands. The liver secretes bile; the salivary glands secrete saliva."], "secreted": ["SECRE'TED, pp. Concealed; secerned."], "secreting": ["SECRE'TING, ppr. Hiding; secerning."], "secretion": ["SECRE'TION, n.", "1. The act of secerning; the act of the producing from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, mucus, urine, &c. This was considered 0by the older physiologists as merely separation from the blood of certain substances previously contained in it; the literal meaning of secretion. But this opinion is generally exploded. The organs of secretion are of very various form and structure, but the most general are called glands.", "2. The matter secreted, as mucus, perspirable matter, &c."], "secretness": ["SE'CRETNESS, n.", "1. The state of being hid or concealed.", "2. The quality of keeping a secret."], "secretly": ["SE'CRETLY, adv.", "1. Privately; privily; not openly; without the knowledge of others; as, to dispatch a messenger secretly.", "2. Inwardly; not apparently or visibly; latently.", "Now secretly with inward grief she pin'd. Addison."], "sect": ["SECT, n. L. Sp. secta; from L. seco, to cut off, to separate.", "1. A body or number of persons united in tenets, chiefly in philosophy or religion, but constituting a distinct party by holding sentiments different from those of other men. Most sects have originated in a particular perlon, who taught and propagated some peculiar notions in philosophy or religion, and who is considered to have been its founder. Among the jews, the principal sects were the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes. In Greece were the Cynic sect, founded by Antisthenes; and the Academic sect, by Plato. The Academic sect gave birth to the Peripatetic, and a Cynic to the Stoic.", "2. A cutting or coin. Not used."], "secure": ["SECU'RE, a. L. securus.", "1. Free from danger of being taken by an enemy; that may resist assault or attack. Teh place is well fortified and very secure. Gibraltar is a secure fortress. In this sense, secure is followed by against or from; as secure against attack, or from an enemy.", "2. Free from danger; safe; applied to persons; with from.", "3. Free from fear or apprehension of danger; not alarmed; not disturbed by fear; confident of safety; hence, careless of the means of defense. Men are often most in danger when they feel most secure.", "Confidence then bore thee on, secure"], "secured": ["SECU'RED, pp. Effectually guarded or protected; made certain; put beyond hazard; effectually confined; made fast."], "securely": ["SECU'RELY, adv.", "1. Without danger; safely; as, to pass a river on ice securely. But safely is generally used.", "2. Without fear or apprehension; carelessly; in an unguarded state; in confidence of safety.", "His daring foe securely him defied. Milton.", "Devise not evil against thy neighbor, seeing he dwelleth securely by thee. Prov. 3."], "securement": ["SECU'REMENT, n. Security; protection. Not used."], "secureness": ["SECU'RENESS, n. Confidence of safety; exemption from fear; hence, want of vigilance or caution."], "securer": ["SECU'RER, n. He or that which secures or protects."], "security": ["SECU'RITY, n. L. securitas.", "1. Protection; effectual defense or saftey from danger of any kind; as a chain of forts erected for the security of the frontiers.", "2. That which protects or guards from danger. A navy constitutes the security of Great Britain from invasion.", "3. Freedom from fear or apprehension; confidence of safety; whence, negligence in providing means of defense. Security is dangerous, for it exposes men to attack when unprepared. Security in sin is the worst condition of the sinner.", "4. Safety; certainty. We have no security for peace with Algiers, but the dread of our navy.", "5. Anything given or deposited to secure the payment of a debt, or the performance of a contract; as a bond with surety, a mortgage, the indorsement of a responsible man, a pledge, &c.", "6. Something given or done to secure peace or good behavior. Violent and dangerous men are obliged to give security for their good behavior, or for keeping the peace. This security", "in being bound with one or more sureties in a recognizance to the king or state."], "sedition": ["SEDI''TION, n. L. seditio. The sense of this word is the contrary of that which is naturally deducible from sedo, or sedeo, denoting a rising or raging, rather than an appeasing. But to set is really to throw down, to drive, and sedition may be a setting or rushing together. A factious commotion of the people, a tumultuous assembly of men rising in opposition to law or the administration of justice, and in disturbance of the public peace. Sedition is a rising or commotion of less extent than an insurrection, and both are less than rebellion; but some kinds of sedition, in Great Britain, amount to high treason. In general, sedition is a local or limited insurrection in opposition to civil authority, as mutiny is to military."], "seduce": ["SEDU'CE, v. t. L. seduco; se, from, and duco, to lead.", "1. To draw aside or entice from the path of rectitude and duty in any manner, by flattery,", "promises, bribes or otherwise; to tempt and lead to iniquity; to corrupt; to deprave.", "Me the gold of France did not seduce. Shak.", "In the latter times, some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits.", "Tim. 4.", "2. To entice to a surrender of chastity. He that can seduce a female is base enough to betray her."], "seducement": ["SEDU'CEMENT, n.", "1. The act of seducing; seduction.", "2. The means employed to seduce; the arts of flattery, falsehood and deception."], "seducer": ["SEDU'CER, n.", "1. One that seduces; one that by temptation or arts, entices another to depart from the path of rectitude and duty; pre-eminently, one that by flattery, promises or falsehood, persuades a female to surrender her chastity. The seducer of a female is little less criminal than the murderer.", "2. That which leads astray; that which entices to evil.", "He whose firm faith no reason could remove,", "Will mest before that soft seducer, love. Dryden."], "seducible": ["SEDU'CIBLE, a. Capable of being drawn aside from the path of rectitude; corruptible."], "seducing": ["SEDU'CING, ppr. Enticing from the path of virtue or chastity."], "see": ["SEE, n.", "1. The seat of episcopal power; a diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop."], "seeing": ["SEE'ING, ppr. from see. Perceiving by the eye; knowing; understanding; observing; beholding.", "Note. This participle appears to be used indefinitely, or without direct reference to a person or persons. \"Wherefore come ye to me, seeing ye hate me.?\" Gen. 26. That is, since, or the fact being that or thus; because that. In this form of phraseology, that is understood or implied after seeing; why come ye to me, seeing that, ye hate me? The resolution of the phrase or sentence is, ye hate me; that fact being seen or known by you, why come ye to me? or why come you to me, ye seeing knowing that fact which follows, viz. ye hate me. In this case, seeing retains its participial character, although its relation to the pronoun is somewhat obscured. Originally, seeing, in this use, had direct relation to the speaker or to some other person. \"Mow I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not witheld thy son.\" Gen. 22. Here seeing refers to I, or according to the language of syntax, agrees or accords with I. I know thou fearest God, for I see thou hast not withheld thine only son; I know thou fearest God by seeing, in consequence of seeing this fact, thou hast not withheld thine only son. But the use of seeing is extended to cases in which it cannot be referred to a specifec person or persons, in which cases it expresses the notoriety or admission of a fact in general, and is left, like the French on, in the phrases on dit, on voit, without application to any particular person."], "seed": ["SEED, n.", "1. The substance, animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for the reproduction and conservation of the species. The seeds of plants are a deciduous part, containing the rudiments of a new vegetable. In some cases, the seeds costitute the fruit or valuable part of plants, as in the case of wheat and other esculent grain; sometimes the seeds are inclosed in fruit, as in apples and melons. When applied to animal matter, it has no plural.", "2. That from which any thing springs; first principle; original; as the seeds of virtue or vice.", "3. Principle of production.", "Praise of great acts he scatters as a seed. Waller.", "4. Progeny; offspring; children; descendants; as the seed of Abraham; the seed of David. In this sense, the word is applied to one person, or to any number collectively, and admits of the plural form; but rarely used in the plural.", "5. Race; generation; birth.", "Of mortal seed they were not held. Waller.", "SEED, v. i.", "1. To grow to maturity, so as to produce seed. Maiz will not seed in a cool climate.", "2. To shed the seed.", "SEED, v. t. To sow; to sprinkle with seed, which germinates and takes root."], "seedness": ["SEE'DNESS, N. Seed-time. Not in use."], "seek": ["SEEK, v.t. pret and pp. sought, pronounced sawt. L. sequor, to follow; for to seek is to go after, and the primary sense is to advance, to press, to drive forward, as in the L. peto.", "1. To go in search or quest of; to look for; to search for by going from place to place.", "The man asked him, saying, what seekest thou? And he said, I seek my brethen.", "Gen. 37.", "2. To inquire for; to ask for; to solicit; to endeavor to find or gain by any means.", "The young lions roar after their prey, and seek their meat from God. Ps. 104.", "He found no place for repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears. Heb. 12"], "seem": ["SEEM, v. i.", "1. To appear; to make or have a show or semblance.", "Thou art not what thou seems't. Shak.", "All seem'd well pleased; all seem'd, but were not all. Milton.", "2. To have the appearance of truth or fact; to be understood as true. It seems that the Turkish power is on the decline.", "A prince of Italy, it seems, entertained his mistress on a great lake. Addison.", "SEEM, v. t. To become; to befit. Obs."], "seeming": ["SEE'MING, ppr.", "1. Appearing; having the appearance or semblance, whether real or not.", "2. a. Specious.", "SEE'MING, n.", "1. Appearance; show; semblance.", "2. Fair appearance.", "These keep"], "seemingly": ["SEE'MINGLY, adv. In appearance; in show; in semblance.", "This the father seemingly complied with. Addison.", "they depend often on remote and seemingly disproportioned causes. Atterbury."], "seemliness": ["SEE'MLINESS, n. from seemly. Comliness; grace; fitness; propriety; decency; decorum.", "When seemliness combines with portliness. Camden."], "seemly": ["SEE'MLY, a. Becoming; fit; suited to the object, occasion, purpose or character; suitable.", "Suspense of judgement and excercise of charity were safer and seemlier for christian men, than the hot pursuit of these controversies. Hooker.", "Honor is not seemly for a fool. Prov. 26.", "SEE'MLY, adv. In a decent or suitable manner."], "seen": ["SEEN, pp. of see.", "1. Beheld; observed; understood.", "2. a. Versed; skilled.", "Noble Boyle, not less in nature seen- Obs. Dryden."], "seer": ["SEER, n. from see.", "1. One who sees; as a seer of visions.", "2. A prophet; a person who forsees future events."], "seethe": ["SEETHE, v. t. pret. seethed, sod; pp. seethed, sodden. Heb. to seethe, to boil, to swell, to be inflated. To boil; to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor; as, to seethe flesh.", "Thou shalt not seethe a kid in its mother's milk. Ex. 23.", "SEETHE, v. i. To be in a state of ebullition; to be hot. This word is rarely used in the common concerns of life."], "seethed": ["SEE'THED, pp. Boiled; decoated."], "seething": ["SEE'THING, ppr. Boiling; decoating."], "seize": ["SEIZE, v.t.", "1. To fall or rush upon suddenly and lay hold on; or to gripe or grasp suddenly. The tiger rushes from the thicket and seizes his prey. A dog seizes an animal by the throat. The hawk seizes a chicken with his claws. The officer seizes a theif.", "2. To take possession by force, with or without right.", "At last they seize The scepter, and regard not David's son. Milton.", "3. To invade suddenly; to take hold of; to come upon suddenly; as, a fever seizes a patient", "And hope and doubt alternate seize her soul. Pope.", "4. To take possession by virtue of a warrant or legal authority. The sherif seized the debtor's goods; the whole estate was seized and cofiscated. We say, to arrest a person, to seize goods.", "5. To fasten; to fix. In seaman's language, to fasten two ropes or different parts oof one rope together with a cord."], "seized": ["SE'IZED, pp. Suddenly caught or grasped; taken by force; invaded suddenly; taken possession of; fastened with a cord; having possession."], "seizing": ["SE'IZING, ppr. Falling on and grasping suddenly; laying hold on suddenly; taking possession by force, or taking by warrant; fastening.", "SE'IZING, n.", "1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly.", "2. In seamen's language, the operation of fastening together ropes with a cord; also, the cord or cords used for such fastening."], "self": ["SELF, a. or pron. plu. selves; used chiefly in composition.", "1. In old authors, this sometimes signifies particular, very, or same. \"And on tham sylfan geare;\" in that same year, that very year. Sax. Chron. A.D. 1052, 1061.", "Shoot another arrow that self way. Shak.", "On these self hills. Raleigh.", "At that self moment enters Palamon. Dryden.", "In this sense, self is an adjective, and is now obsolete, except when followed by same; as on the self-same day; the self-same hour; the self-same thing; which is tautology.", "2. In present usage, selfis united to certain personal pronouns and pronominal adjectives, to express emphasis or distinction; also when the pronoun is used reciprocally. thus, for emphasis, I myself will write; I will examine for myself; Thou thyself shalt go; thou shalt see for thyself; You yourself shall write; you shall see for yourself. He himself shall write; he shall examine for himself. She herself shall write; she shall examine for herself. The child itself shall be carried; it shall be present itself.", "Reciprocally, I abhor myself; thou enrichest thyself; he loves himself; she admires herself; it pleases itself; we value ourselves; ye hurry yourselves; they see themselves. I did not hurt him, he hurt himself; he did not hurt me, I hurt myself.", "Except when added to pronouns used reciprocally, self serves to give emphasis to the pronoun, or to render the distinction expressed by it more emphatical. \"I myself will decide,\" not only expresses my determination to decide, but the determination that no other shall decide."], "selfness": ["SELF'NESS, n. Self-love; selfishness. Not in use."], "sell": ["SELL, for self; and sells for selves. Scot.", "SELL, n. L. sella. A saddle, and a throne. Obs.", "SELL, v. t. pret. and pp. sold.", "1. To transfer property or the exclusive right of possession to another for an equivalent in money. It is correlative to buy, as one party buys what the other sells. It is distinguished from exchange or barter, in which one commodity is given for another; wheras in selling the consideration is money, or its representative in current notes. To this distinction there may be certain exceptions. \"Esau sold his birthright to Jacob for a mess of pottage.\" But this is unusual. \"Let us sell Joseph to the Ishmaelites- And they sold him for twenty pieces of silver.\" Gen. 37.", "Among the Hebrews, parents had power to sell their children.", "2. To betray; to deliver or surrender for money or reward; as, to sell one's country.", "3. To yield or give for a certain consideration. the troops fought like lions, and sold their lives dearly. that is, they yielded their lives, but first destroyed many, which made it a dear purchase for their enemies.", "4. In Scripture, to give up to be harassed and made slaves.", "He sold them into the hands of their enemies. Judg. 2.", "5. To part with; to renounce or forsake.", "Buy the truth and sell it not. Prov. 23."], "selling": ["SELL'ING, ppr.", "1. Transferring the property of a thing for a price or equivalent in money.", "2. Betraying for money."], "seller": ["SELL'ER, n. The person that sells; a vender."], "selvedge": ["SELV'EDGE, n. The edgr of a cloth, where it is closed by complication the threads; a woven border, or border of the close works."], "selvedged": ["SELV'EDGED, a. Having a selvedge."], "selves": ["SELVES, plu. of self."], "senate": ["SEN'ATE, n. L. senatus, from senex, old.", "1.An a assembly or council of senators; a body of the principal inhabitants of the city or state,", "with a share in the government. The senate of ancient Rome was one of the most illustrious bodies of men that ever bore this name. Some of the Swiss cantons have a senate, either legislative or executive.", "2. In the United States, senate denotes the higher branch or house of legislature. Such is the senate of the United States, or upper house of the congress; and in most of the states, the higher and least numerous branch of the legislature, is called the senate. In the U. States, the senate is an elective body.", "3. In a looser sense, Any legislative or deliberative boky of men; as the eloquence of the senate."], "senator": ["SEN'ATOR, n.", "1. A mimber of a senate. In Rome one of the qualifications of a senator was the possession of property to the amount of 80,000 sesterces, about 7000 pounds sterling, or thirty dollars. In Scotland, the lords of session are called senators of the college of justices.", "2. A counselor; a judge or magistrate."], "send": ["SEND, v. t. pret. and pp. sent.", "1. In a general sense, to throw, cast or thrust; to impel or drive by force to a distance, either with the hand or with an instrument or by other means. We send a ball with the hand or with a bat; a bow sends an arrow; a cannon sends a shot; a trumpet sends the voice much farther than the unassisted organs of speech.", "2. To cause to be conveyed or transmitted; as, to send letters or dispatches from one country to another.", "3. To cause to go or pass from place to place; as, to send a messenger from London to Madrid.", "4. To commission, autorize or direct to go and act.", "I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. Jer. 23.", "5. To cause to come or fall; to bestow.", "He sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Matt. 5.", "6. To cause to come or fall; to inflict.", "The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation and rebuke. Duet. 28.", "7. To propagate; to diffuse.", "Cherubic songs by night from neighb'ring hills", "Aerial music send. Milton."], "sense": ["SENSE, n. from L. sensus, from sentio, to feel or perceive.", "1. The faculty of the soul by which it perceives external objects by means of impressions made on certain organs of the boky.", "Sense is a branch of perception. the five senses of animals are sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.", "2. Sensation; perception by the senses.", "3. Perception by the intellect; apprehension; discernment.", "4. Sensibility; quickness or acuteness of perception.", "5. Understanding; soundness of faculties; strength of natural reason.", "Opprest nature sleeps;", "This rest might yet have balm'd thy broken senses. Shak.", "6. Reason; reasonable or rational meaning.", "He raves; his words are loose", "As heaps of sand, and scattering wide from sense. Dryden.", "7. Opinion; notion; judgement.", "I speak my private but impartial sense", "With freedom. Roscommon.", "8. Consciousness; conviction; as a due sense of our weakness or sinfulness.", "9. Moral perception.", "Some are so hardened in wickedness, as to have no sense of the most friendly offices."], "sensed": ["SENS'ED, pp. Perceived by the senses. Not in use."], "senseful": ["SENSEFUL, a. sens'ful. Reasonable; judicious. Not in use."], "sensual": ["SENSUAL, a. from L. sensus.", "Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the mind or soul.", "Far as creation's ample range extends.", "The scale of sensual, mental pow'rs ascends. Pope.", "2. Consisting in sense, or depending on it; as sensual appetites, hunger, lust, &c.", "3. Affecting the senses, or derived from them; as sensual pleasure or gratification. Hence,", "4. In theology, carnal; pertaining to the flesh or body, in opposition to the spirit; not spiritual or holy; evil.", "5. Devoted to the gratification of sense; given to the indulgence of the appetites; sewd; luxurious.", "No small part of virtue consists in abstaining from that on wich sensual men place their felicity. Atterbury."], "sensuality": ["SENSUAL'ITY, n. Devotedness o the gratification of the bodily appetites; free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures.", "Those pamper'd animals", "That rage in savage sensuality. Shak.", "They avoid dress, lest they should have affections tainted by any sensuality. Addison."], "sensualize": ["SENS'UALIZE, v. t. To make sensual; to subject to the love of sensual pleasure; to debase by carnal gratifications; as sensualized by pleasure.", "By the neglect of prayer, the thoughts are sensualized."], "sensually": ["SENS'UALLY, adv. In a sensual manner."], "sent": ["SENT, pret. and pp. of send."], "sentence": ["SEN'TENCE, n. from L. sententia, from sentio, to think.", "1. In law, a judgement pronounced by a court or judge upon a criminal; a jdicial decision publicly and officially declared in a criminal prosecution. In technical language, sentence is used only for the declaration of judgement against the convicted of a crime. In civil cases, the decision of the court is called a judgement. In criminal cases, sentence is a judgement pronounced; doom.", "2. In language not technical, a determination or decision given, particularly a decision that condemns, ar an unfavorable determination.", "Let him be sent out lome of Luther's works, that by them we may pass sentence upon his doctrines. Atterbury.", "3. An opinion; judgement concerning a controverted point.", "4. A maxim; an axiom; a short saying containing moral instruction.", "5. Vindication of one's innocence.", "6. In grammar, a period; a number of words containing a complete sense or sentiment, and followed by a full pause. Sentences are simple or compound. A simple sentence consists of one subject and one finite verb; as, \"the Lord reigns.\" A compound sentence two or more subjects and finite verbs, as in this verse,", "He fills, he bounds, connects and equals all. Pope."], "separability": ["SEPARABIL'ITY, n. from separable. The quality of being separable, or of admitting separation or disunion."], "separable": ["SEP'ARABLE, a. That may be separated, disjoined, disunited or rent; as the separable parts of plants; qualities not separable from the substance in which they exsist."], "separableness": ["SEP'ARABLENESS, n. The quality of being capable of separation or disunion.", "Trials permit me not to doubt of the separablenessof a yellow tincture from gold."], "separate": ["SEP'ARATE, v. t. L. separo.", "1. To disunite; to divide; to sever; to part, in almost any manner, either things naturally or casually joined. The parts of a solid substance may be separated by breaking, cutting or splitting, or by fusion, decomposition or natural dissolution. A compound body may be separated into its constituent parts. Friends may be separated by necessity, and must be separated by death. The prism separates the several kinds of colored rays. A riddle separates the chaff from the grain.", "2. To set apart from a number for a particular service."], "separated": ["SEP'ARATED, pp. Divided; parted; disunited; disconnected."], "separately": ["SEP'ARATELY, adv. In a separate or unconnected state; apart; distinctly; singly. The opinions of the council were separately taken."], "separateness": ["SEP'ARATENESS, n. The state of being separate."], "separation": ["SEPARA'TION, n. L. separatio.", "1. The act of separating, severing or disconnecting; disjunction; as the separation of the soul from the body.", "2. The state of being separate; disunion; disconection.", "All the days of his separation he is holy to the lord. Num. 6.", "3. The operation of disuniting or decomposing substances; chimical analysis.", "4. Divorce; disunion of married persons."], "separator": ["SEP'ARATOR, n. One that divides or disjoins; a divider."], "sepulchral": ["SEPUL'CHRAL, a. L. sepulchralis, from sepulchrum. Pertaining to burial, to grave, or to monuments erected to the memory of the dead; as sepulchral stone; a sepulchral statue; a sepulchral inscription."], "seraphim": ["SER'APHIM, n. the Hebrew plural of seraph. Angels of the highest order in the celestial hierarchy. It is sometimes improperly written seraphims."], "sere": ["SERE, a. Dry; withered; usually written sear, which see.", "SERE, n. A claw or talon. Not in use."], "serpent": ["SER'PENT, n. L. serpens, creeping; serpo, to creep.", "1. An animal of the order of Serpentes, creepers, crawlers, Of the class of Amphibia. Serpents are amphibious animals, breathing through the mouth bymeans of lungs only; having tapering bodies, without a distinct neck; the jaws not articulated, but dilatable, and withour feet, fins or ears. Serpents move along the earth by a winding motion, and with the head elevated. Some species of them are viviparous, or rather ovi-viviparous; others are oviparous; and several species are venomous.", "2. In astronomy, a constellation of the northern hemisphere, containing, according to the British catalogue, sixty-four stars.", "3. An instrument of music, serving as a base to the cornet or small shawm, to sustain a chorus of singers in a large edifice. It is so called for its folds or wreaths.", "4. Figuratively, a subtil or malicious person.", "5. In mythology, a symbol of the sun."], "serpentize": ["SER'PENTIZE, v.t. To wind; to turn or bend, first in one direction and then in opposite; to meander", "The road serpentized through a tall shrubbery. Barrow, Trav. in Africa."], "servant": ["SERV'ANT, L. servans, from servo, to keep or hold; properly one that waits, that is, stops, holds, attends, or one that is bound.", "1. A person, male or female, that attends another for the pupose of performing menial offices for him, ot who is employed by another for such offices or for other labor, and is subject to his command. The word is correlative to master. Servant differs from slave, as the servant's subjection to a master is voluntary, the slave's is not. Every slave is a servant, but every servant is not a slave.", "Servants are of various kinds; as household or domestic servants, menial servants; laborers, who are hired by the day, week or other term, and do not reside with their employers, ot if they board in the same house, are employed abroad and not in the domestic services; apprentices, who are bound for a term of years to serve a master, for the purpose of learning his trade or occupation.", "In a legal sense, stewards, factors, bailifs and other agents, are servants for the time they are employed in such character, as they act in subordination to others.", "2. One in a state of subjection.", "3.In Scripture, a slave; a bondman; one purchased for money, and who was compelled to serve till the year of jubilee; also, one purchased for a term of years.", "4. The subject of a king; as the servents of David or of Saul.", "The Syrians became servants to David. 2 Sam. 8.", "5. A person who voluntarily serves another or acts as his minister; as joshua was the servant of Moses, and the apostles the apostles the servants of Christ. So Christ himself is called a servant, Is. 42. Moses is called the servant of the Lord, Duet. 34.", "6. A person employed or used as an unstrument in accomplishing God's purposes of mercy or wrath. So Nebuchadnezzar is called the servant of God. Jer. 25.", "7. One who yields obedience to another. The saints are called servants of God, or of righteousness; and the wicked are called the servants of sin.", "8. That which yields obedience, or acts on subordination as an instrument.", "9. One that makes painful sacrifices in compliance with the weakness or wants of others.", "10. A person of base condition or ignoble spirit.", "11. A word of civilith. I am, sir, your humble or obedient servant.", "Our betters tell us they are our humble servants, but understand us to be their slaves. Swift."], "serve": ["SERVE, v.t. serv. L. servio. This verb is supposed to be from the noun servus, a servant or slave, and this from servo, to keep.", "1. To work for; to bestow the labor of boky and mind in the employment of another.", "Jacob loved Rachel and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy youngest daughters. Gen. 29.", "No man can serve two masters. Matt. 6.", "2. To act as the minister of; to perform official duties to; as, a minister serves his prince.", "Had I served God as diligently as I have served the king, he would not have given me over in my gray hairs. Cardinal Woolsey.", "3. To attend at command; to wait on.", "A goddess among gods, ador'd and serv'd", "By anbels numberless, thy daily train. Milton.", "4. To obey servilely or meanly. be not to wealth a servant.", "5. To supply with food; as, to be served in plate.", "6. To be subservient or subordinate to.", "Bodies bright and greater should not serve", "The less not bright. Milton.", "7. To perform the duties required in; as, the curate served two churches.", "8. To obey; to perform duties in the employment of; as, to serve the king or the country in the army or navy.", "9. To be sufficient, or to promote; as, to serve one's turn, end or purpose.", "10. To help by good offices; as, to serve one's country.", "11. To comply with; to submit to.", "They think herein we serve the time, because thereby we either hold or seek preferment. Hooker.", "12. To be sufficient for; to satisfy; to content.", "One half pint bottle serves them both to dine,", "And is at once their vinegar and wine. Pope.", "13. To be in the place of any thing to one. A sofa serves the Turks for a seat and a couch.", "14. To treat; to requite; as, he served me ungratefully; he served me very ill; We say also, he served me a trick, that is he deceived me, or practiced an artifice on me.", "15. In Scripture and theology, to obey and worship; to act in conformity to the law of a superior, and treat him with due reverence.", "Fear the Lord and serve him in sincerity and truth. As for me and my house, we will serve the lord. Josh. 24.", "16. In a bad sense, to obey; to yeild compliance or act according to."], "served": ["SERV'ED, pp. Attended; waited on; worshiped; levied."], "serving": ["SERV'ING, ppr. Working for; acting in subordination to; yielding obedience to; worshiping; also, performing duties; as serving in the army."], "service": ["SERV'ICE, n. From L. servitium.", "1. In a general sense, labor of body or of body and mind, performed at the command of a superior, or the pursuance of duty, or for the benefit of another. Service is voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary service is that of hired servants, or of contract, or of persons who spontaneously perform something for another's benefit. Involuntary service is that of slaves, who work by compulsion.", "2. The business of a servant; menial office.", "3. Attendance of a servant.", "4. Place of a servant; actual employment of a servant; as, to be out of service.", "5. Any thing done by way of duty to a superior.", "This poem was the last piece of service I did for my master king Charles."], "serviceable": ["SERV'ICEABLE, a.", "1. That does service; that promotes happiness, interest, advantage or any good; useful; beneficial; advantageous. Rulers may be very serviceable to religion by their example. The attentions of my friends were very serviceable to me when abroad. Rain and manure are serviceable to land.", "2. Active; diligent; officious.", "I know thee well, a serviceable villain. Shak. Unusual."], "serviceableness": ["SERV'ICEABLENESS, n.", "1. Usefulness of promoting good of any kind; beneficialness.", "All action being for some end, its aptness to be commanded or forbidden must be founded upon its serviceableness or disserviceableness to some end. Norris.", "2. Officiousness; readiness to do service."], "servile": ["SERV'ILE, a. L. servilis, from servio, to serve.", "1. Such as pertains to a servant or slave; slavish; mean; such as proceeds from dependence; as servile fear; servile obedience.", "2. Held in subjection; dependent.", "Ev'n fortune rules no more a servile land. Pope.", "3. Cringing; fawning; meanly submissive; as servile flattery.", "She must bend the servile knee. Thomson."], "servilely": ["SERV'ILELY, adv.", "1. Meanly; slavishly; with base submission or obsequiousness.", "2.With base deference to another; as, to copy servilely; to adopt opinions servilely."], "servileness": ["SERV'ILENESS, n."], "servility": ["SERVIL'ITY,", "1. Slavery; the condition of a slave or bondman.", "To be a queen in bondage is more vile", "Than is a slave in base servility. Shak.", "2. Mean submission; baseness; slavishness.", "3. Mean obsequiousness; slavish deference; as the common servility to custom; to copy manners or opinions with servility."], "servitor": ["SERV'ITOR, n. From L. servio, to serve.", "1. A servant; an attendant.", "2. One that acts under another; a follower or adherent.", "3. One that professes duty and obedience.", "4. In the university of Oxford, a student who attends on another for his maintenance and learning; such as is called in Cambridge, a sizer."], "servitude": ["SERV'ITUDE, n. L. servitudo or servitus. See Serve.", "1. The condition of a slave; the state of involuntary subjection to a master; slavery; bondage. Such is the state of slaves in America. A large portion of the human race is in servitude.", "2. The state of a servant. Less common and less proper.", "3. The condition of a conquered country.", "4. A state of slavish dependence. Some persons may be in love with splendid servitude.", "5. Servants, collectively. Not in use."], "set": ["SET, v.t. pret. pp. set. L. sedo; to compose, as a book, to dispose or put in order, to establish, found or institute, to possess, to cease; L. sedo, sedeo and sido, coinciding with sit, but all of one family. From the Norman orthography of this word, we have assess, assise. See Assess. Heb. Ch. to set, to place.", "1. To put or place; to fix or cause to rest in a standing posture. We set a house on a wass of stone; we set a book on a shelf. In this use, set differs from lay; we set a thing on its end or basis; we lay it on its side.", "2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture. We set a chest or trunk on its bottom, not its end; we set a bedstead or a table on its feet or laeg.", "3. To put, place or fix in any situation. God set the sun, moon and stars in the firmament.", "I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen 9.", "4. To put into any condition or state.", "The Lord the God will set thee on high. Duet. 28.", "I am come to set a man at variance against his father. Matt. 10.", "So we say, to set in order, to set at ease, to set to work, or at work.", "5. To put; to fix; to attach to.", "The Lord set a mark upon Cain. Gen. 4.", "So we say, to set a label on a vial or a bale.", "6. To fix; to render motionless; as, the eyes are set, the jaws are set.", "7. To put or fix, as a price. We set a price on a house, farm or horse.", "8. To fix; to state by some rule.", "The gentleman spoke with a set gesture and countenance. Carew.", "The town of Berne has handsome fountains planted and set distances from one end of the street to the other. Addison.", "9. To regulate or adjust; as, to set a timepiece by the sun.", "He sets judgement by his passion. Prior.", "10. To fit to music; to adapt with notes; as, to set the words of a psalm to music."], "setting": ["SET'TING, ppr. Placing; putting; fixing; studding; appointing; sinking below the horizon, &c.", "SET'TING, n.", "1. The act of putting, placing, fixing or establishing.", "2. The act of sinking below the horizon. The setting of stars is of three kinds, cosmical, acronical, and heliacal. See these words.", "3. The act or manner of taking birds by a setting dog.", "4. Inclosure; as settings of stones.", "5. The direction of a current at sea."], "setter": ["SET'TER, n.", "1. One that sets; as a setter on, or inciter; a setter up; a setter forth, &c.", "2. A dogs that beats the field and starts birds for sportsmen.", "3. A man that performs the office of a setting dogor finds persons to be plundered.", "4. One that adapts words to music in composition.", "5. Whatever sets off, adorns or recommendws. Not used."], "settle": ["SET'TLE, n. L. sedile. See Set. A seat or bench; something to sit on.", "SET'TLE, v.t. from set.", "1. To place in a permanent condition after wandering or fluctuation.", "I will settle you after your old estates. Ezek. 36.", "2. To fix; to establish; to make permanent in any place.", "I will settle him in my house and in my kingdom forever. 1 Chron. 17.", "3. To establish in business or way of life; as, to settle a son in trade.", "4. To marry; as, to settle a doughter.", "5. To establish; to confirm.", "Her will alone could settle or revoke. Prior.", "6. To determine what is uncertain; to establish; to free from doubt; as, to settle questions or points of law. The supreme court have settled the question.", "7. To fix; to establish; to make certain or permanent; as, to settle the succession to the thron in a particular family. So we speak of settled habits and settled opinions.", "8. To fix or establish; not to suffer to doubt or waver.", "It will settle teh wavering and confirm the doubtful. Swift.", "9. To make close or compact.", "Cover ant-hills up that the rain may settle the turf before the spring."], "settled": ["SET'TLED, pp. Placed; established; determined; composed; adjusted."], "settling": ["SET'TLING, ppr. Placing; fixing; establishing; regulating; adjusting; planting or colonizing; subsiding; composing; ordaining or installing; becoming the pastor of a church or parish.", "SET'TLING, n.", "1. The act of making a settlement; a planting or coloninzing.", "2. The act of subsiding, as lees.", "3. The adjustment of differences.", "4. Settlings, plu. lees; dregs; sediment."], "seven": ["SEVEN, a. sev'n L. septem. Four and three; one more than six or less than eight. Seven days constitute a week. We read in Scripture of seven years of plenty, and seven years of famine, seven trumpets, seven seals, seven vials, &c."], "sevenfold": ["SEV'ENFOLD, a. seven and fold. Repeated seven times; doubled seven times; increased to seven times the size or amount; as the sevenfold shield of Ajax; sevenfold rage.", "SEV'ENFOLD, adv. Seven times as much or often.", "Whoever slayeth Cain, vengence shall be taken on him sevenfold. Gen. 4."], "seventeen": ["SEV'ENTEEN, a. seven-ten. Seven and ten."], "seventeenth": ["SEV'ENTEENTH, a. from seventeen. The ordinal of seventeen; the seventh after the tenth.", "On the seventeenth day of the second month- all the fountains of the great deep were broken up. Gen. 7."], "seventh": ["SEV'ENTH, a.", "1. The ordinal of seven; the first after the sixth.", "On the seventh day God ended his work which he had made, and he rested on the seventh day from all the work which he had made. Gen. 2.", "2. Containing or being one part in seven; as the seventh part.", "SEV'ENTH, n.", "1. The seventh part; one part in seven.", "2. In music, a dissonat interval or heptachord. An interval consisting of four tones and two major semitones, is called a seventh minor. An interval composed of five tones and a major semitone, is called a seventh major."], "seventieth": ["SEV'ENTIETH, a. from seventy. The ordinal of seventy; as a man in the seventieth year of his age. The seventieth year begins immediately after the close of the sixth-ninth."], "seventy": ["SEV'ENTY, a. Gr. ten. Seven times ten.", "That he would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem.", "Dan. 9.", "SEV'ENTY, n. The Septuagint or seventy translators of the Old Testament into the Greek language."], "sever": ["SEV'ER, v.t. There may be a doubt whether sever is derived from the Latin separo. Heb. Ch. Syr. Ar. to break.", "1. To part or divide by violence; to separate by parting or rending; as, to sever the body or the arm at a single stroke.", "2. To part from the rest by violence; as, to sever the head from the body.", "3. To separate; to disjoin; as distinct things, but united; as the dearest friends severed by cruel necessity.", "4. To separate and put in different places or orders.", "The angels shall come forth and sever the wicked from among the just.", "Matt.13.", "5. To disjoin; to disunite; in a general sense, but usually applying violence.", "6. To keep distinct or apart.", "7. In law, to disunite; to disconnect; to part possession; as, to sever a state in joint-tenacy.", "SEV'ER, v.i.", "1. To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish.", "The Lord will sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt.", "Ex. 9.", "2. To suffer disjunction; to be parted or rent assunder."], "several": ["SEV'ERAL, a. from several.", "1. Separate; distinct; not common to two or more; as a several fishery; a several estate. A several fishery is one held by the owner of the soil, or by title derived from the owner. A several estate is one held by a tenant in his own right, or a distinct estate unconnected with any other person.", "2. Separate; different; distinct.", "Divers sorts of beasts came from several parts to drink. Bacon.", "Four several armies to the field are lead. Dryden.", "3. Divers; consisting of a number; more than two, but not very many. Several persons were present when the event took place.", "4. Separate; single; particular.", "Each several ship a victory did gain. Dryden.", "5. Distinct; appropriate.", "Each might his several province well command,", "Would all but stoop to what they understand. Pope."], "severality": ["SEVERAL'ITY, n. Each particular singly taken; distinction. Not in use."], "severalize": ["SEV'ERALIZE, v.t. To distinguish. Not in use."], "severally": ["SEV'ERALLY, adv. Separately; distinctly; apart from others. Call the men severally by name.", "I could not keep my eye steady on them severally so as to number them."], "severance": ["SEV'ERANCE, n. Separation; the act of dividing or disuniting. The sevrance of a jointure is make by destroying the unity of interest. Thus when there are two joint-tenants for life, and the inheritance is purchased by or descends upon either, it is a servrance.", "So also when two persons are joined in a writ, and one is nonsuited; in this case sevrance is permitted, and the other plantif may proceed in the suit. So also in assize, when two or more disseizees appear upon the writ, and not the other, sevrance is permitted."], "severe": ["SEVE'RE, a. L. severus.", "1. Rigid; harsh; not mild or indulgent; as severe words; severe treatment; severe wrath.", "2. Sharp; hard rigorous.", "Let your zeal-be more severe against thyself than against others. Taylor.", "3. Very strict; or sometimes perhaps, unreasonably strict or exact; giving no indulgence to faults or errors; as severe government; severe criticism.", "4. Rigorous, perhaps cruel; as severe punishment; severe justice.", "5. Grave; sober; sedate to an extreme; opposed to cheerful, gay, light, lively.", "Your looks must alter, as your subject does,", "From kind to fierce, from wanton to severe. Waller.", "6. Rigidly exact; strictly methodical; not lax or airy. I will not venture on on so nice a subject with my severe style.", "7. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent; as severe pain, anguish, torture, &c.", "8. Sharp; biting; extreme; as severe cold.", "9. Close; concise; not luxuriant.", "The Latin, a most severe and compendious language- Dryden.", "10. Exact; critical; nice; as a sever test."], "severely": ["SEVE'RELY, adv.", "1. Harshly; sharply; as, the chide one severely.", "2. Strictly; rigorously; as, to judge one severely.", "To be or fondly or severely kind. Savage.", "3. With extreme rigor; as, to punish severely.", "4. Painfully; effectively; greatly; as, to be severely afflicted the gout.", "5. Fiercely; ferociously.", "More formidable Hydra stands within,", "Whose jaws with iron teeth severely grin. Dryden."], "severity": ["SEVER'ITY, n. L. sveritas.", "1. Harshness; rigor; austerity; want of mildness or indulgence; as the severity of a reprimand or reproof.", "2. Rigor; extreme strictness; as the severity of discipline or government.", "3. Excessive figor; extreme degree or amount. Severity of penalties or punishments often defeats the object by exciting pity.", "4. Extremity; quality or power of distressing; as the severity of pain or anguish.", "5. Extreme degree; as the severity of cold or heat.", "6. Extreme coldness or inclemency; as the severity of the winter.", "7. Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as severity practiced on prisoners of war.", "8. Exactness; rigor; niceness; as the severity of a test.", "9. Strictness; rigid accuracy.", "Confining myself to the severity of truth. Dryden."], "sew": ["SEW, To follow. Not used. See Sue.", "SEW, v.t. pronounced so, and better written soe. To unite or fasten together with a needle and thread.", "They sewed fig leaves together and made themselves aprons. Gen. 3."], "sewed": ["SEW'ED, pp. United by stitches."], "sewing": ["SEW'ING, ppr. Joining with the needle or with stitches."], "shade": ["SHADE, n. L. scutum, a shield.", "1. Literally, the interception, cutting of or interruption of the rays of light; hence, the obscurity which is caused by such interception. Shad differs from shadow, as it implies no particular form or definite limit. whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. Hence when we say, let us resort to the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its extent.", "2. Darkness; obscurity; as the shades of night.", "3. An obscure place, properly in a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays; an hence, a secluded retreat.", "Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there", "Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shak.", "4. A screen; something that intercepts light or heat.", "5. Protection; shelter. See Shadow.", "6. In painting, the dark part of the picture.", "7. Degree or gradation of light.", "White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green, come only in by the eyes. Locke.", "8. A shadow. See Shadow.", "Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope. This is allowable in poetry.", "9. The soul, after its separation from the body; so called because the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the sight, not to the touch; a spirit; aghost; as the shades of departed heroes.", "Swift as thought, the flitting shade- Dryden.", "SHADE, v.t.", "1. To shelter or screen from light by intercepting its rays; and when applied to the rays of the sun, it segnifies to shelter from light and heat; as, a large tree shades the plants under its branches; shaded vegetables rarely come to perfection.", "I went to the sylvan scenes,", "And shade our altars with their leafy greens. Dryden."], "shaded": ["SHA'DED, pp. Defended from the rays of the sun; darkened."], "shading": ["SHA'DING, ppr. Sheltering from the sun's rays."], "shadiness": ["SHA'DINESS, n. from shady. The state of being shady; umbrageousness; as the shadiness of the forest."], "shady": ["SHA'DY, a. from shade.", "1. Abounding with shade or shades; overspread with shade.", "And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden.", "2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.", "Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for the summer and warm for the winter. Bacon."], "shadow": ["SHAD'OW, n.", "1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a plane and represtnting the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as the shadow of a man, of a tree or a tower. The shadow of the earth in in an eclipse of the moon is proof of its sphericity.", "2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.", "Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. Denham.", "3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, heat or influence of the air.", "In secret shadow from the sunny ray,", "On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. Spenser.", "4. Obscure place; secluded retreat.", "To secret shadows I retire. Obs. Dryden.", "5. Dark part of a picture. Obs. In the last two senses, shade is now used.", "6. A spirit; a ghost. Obs. In this sense, shade is now used.", "7. In painting, the representation of a real shadow.", "8. An imperfect and faint representation; opposed to substance.", "The law of having a shadow of good things to come. Heb. 10.", "9. Inseparable companion.", "Sin and her shadow, death. Milton.", "10. Type; mystical representaion.", "Types and shadows of that destin'd seed. Milton.", "11. Protection; shelter; favor.", "12. Slight or faint appearance."], "shadowed": ["SHAD'OWED, pp. Represented imperfectly or typically."], "shadowing": ["SHAD'OWING, ppr. Representing by faint or imperfect resemblance.", "SHAD'OWING, n. Shade or gradation of light and color. This should be shading."], "shaft": ["SH'AFT, n. L. scapus; from the root of shape, from setting, or shooting, extending.", "1. An arrow; a missile weapin; as the archer and the shaft.", "So loftly was the pile, a Parthian bow", "Whith vigor drawn must send the shaft below. Dryden.", "2. In mining, a pit or long narrow opening or entrance into a mine. This may possibly be a different word, as in German it is written schacht, Dan. skaegte.", "3. In architecture, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between the base and the capital.", "4. Any thing straight; as the shaft of a steeple, and many other things.", "5. The stem or stock of a fether or quill.", "6. The pole of a carriage, sometimes called tongue or neap. The thills of a chaise or geg are also called shafts.", "7. The handle of a weapon."], "shafted": ["SH'AFTED, a. Having a handle; a term in heraldry, applied to a spearhead."], "shake": ["SHAKE, v.t. pret. shook; pp. shaken.", "1. To cause to move with quick vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to agitate; as, the wind shakes a tree; an earthquake shakes the hills or the earth.", "I shook my lap, and said, so God shake out every man from his house-", "Neh. 5.", "He shook the sacred honors of his head. Dryden.", "-As a fig casteth her untimely fruit, when it is shaken of a mighty wind.", "Rev. 6.", "2. To make to totter or tremble.", "The rapid wheels shake the heav'n's basis. Milton.", "3. To cause to shiver; as, an ague shakes the whole frame.", "4. To throw down by a violent motion.", "Macbeth is ripe for shaking. Shak.", "But see shake off, which is generally used.", "5. To throw away; to drive off.", "'Tis our first intent", "To shake all cares and business from our age. See Shake off. Shak.", "6. To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to endanger; to threaten to overthrow. Nothing should shake our belief in the being and perfections of God, and in our own accountableness.", "7. To cause to waver or doubt; to impair the resolution of; to depress the courage of.", "That ye be not soon shaken in mind. 2 Thess. 2.", "8. To trill; as, to shake a note in music."], "shaking": ["SHA'KING, ppr. Impelling to a wavering motion; causing to vacillate or waver; agitating.", "2. Trembling; shivering; quaking.", "SHA'KING, n.", "1. The act of shaking or agitating; brandishing.", "2. Concussion.", "3. A trembling or shivering."], "shaken": ["SHAKEN, pp. sha'kn.", "1. Impelled with a vacillating motion; agitated.", "2. a. Cracked or split; as shaken timber.", "Nor is the wood shaken nor twisted, as those about Capetown. Barrow.", "Our mechanics usually pronounce this shaky, forming the word from shake, like pithy, from pith."], "shall": ["SHALL,", "1. Shall is primarily in the present, and in our mother tongue was followed by a verb in the infinitive, like other verbs. \"Ic sceal fram the beon gefullod.\" I have need to be baptized of thee. \"Ic nu sceal singan sar-cwidas.\" I must now sing mornful songs.", "We still use shall and should before another verb in the infinitive, without the sign to; but significance of shall is considerably deflected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a mere auxiliary to other verbs, serving to form some of the tenses. In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the infinitive, forms the future tense; but its force and effect are different with different persons or personal pronouns. Thus in the first person, shall simply foretells or declares what will take place; as, I or we shall ride to town on Monday. This declaration simply informs another of a fact that is to take place. The sense of shall here is changed from an expression of need or duty, to that of previous statement or information, grounded on intention or resolution. When uttered with emphasis, \"I shall go,\" it expresses firm determination, but not a promise.", "2. In the second and third persons, shall implies a promise, command or determination. \"You shall receive your wages,\" \"he shall receive his wages,\" imply that you or he ought to receive them; but usage gives these phrases the force of a promise in the person uttering them.", "When shall is uttered with emphasis in such phrases, it expresses determination in the speaker, and implies an authority to enforce the act. \"Do you refuse to go? Does he refuse to go? But you or he shall go.\"", "3. Shall I go, shall he go, interrogatively, asks, for permission or direction. But shall you go, asks for information of another's intention.", "4. But after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply foretells. He says that he shall leave town to-morrow. So also in the second person; you say that you shall ride to-morrow.", "5. After if, and some verbs which expresscondition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply foretells; as,", "If I shall say, or we shall say,", "Thou shalt say, ye or you shall say,"], "shalt": ["SHALT, the second person singular of shall; as, thou shalt not steal."], "shambles": ["SHAM'BLES, n. L. scamnum a bench; from L. scando.", "1. The place where butcher's meat is sold; a flesh-market.", "2. In mining, a nich or shelf at suitable distances to receive the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus raised to the top."], "shambling": ["SHAM'BLING, a. from scamble, scambling. Moving with an awkward, irregular, cumsy pace; as a shambling trot; shambling legs.", "SHAM'BLING, n. An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or gait."], "shame": ["SHAME, n.", "1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of having done something which injures reputation; or by of that which nature nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. Shame is particularly excited by the disclosure of actions which, in the view of men, are mean and degrading. Hence it it is often or always manifested by a downcast look or by blushes, called confusion of face.", "Hide, for shame,", "Romans, your grandsires' images,", "That blush at their degenerate progeny. Dryden."], "shamed": ["SHA'MED, pp. Made ashamed."], "shamefulness": ["SHA'MEFULNESS, n. Disgracefulness."], "shaming": ["SHA'MING, ppr. Making ashamed; causing to blush; confounding."], "shamefacedness": ["SHA'MEFACEDNESS, n. Bashfulness; excess of modesty."], "shamefully": ["SHA'MEFULLY, adv.", "1. Disgracefully; in a manner to bring reproach. He shamefully deserted his friend.", "2. With indignity or indecency; in a manner that may cause shame.", "How shamefully that maid he did torment. Spenser."], "shamelessly": ["SHA'MELESSLY, adv. Without shame; impudently; as a man shamelessly wicked."], "shamer": ["SHA'MER, n. One who makes ashamed; that which confounds."], "shape": ["SHAPE, v.t. pret. shaped; pp. shaped or shapen.", "1. To form or create.", "I was shapen in iniquity. Ps. 51.", "2. To mold or make into a particular form; to give form or figure to; as, to shape a garment.", "Grace shap'd her limbs, and beauty deck'd her face. Prior.", "3. To mold; to cast; to regulate; to adjust; to adapt to a purpose. He shapes his plans or designs to the temper of the times.", "4. To direct; as, to shape a course.", "5. To image; to conceive.", "Oft my jealousy"], "shaped": ["SHA'PED, pp. Formed; molded; cast; conceived."], "shapely": ["SHA'PELY, a. from shape. Well formed; having a regular shapr; symmetrical."], "shaping": ["SHA'PING, ppr. Forming; molding; casting; conceiving; giving form."], "share": ["SHARE, n.", "1. a part; a portion; a quantity; as a small share of prudence or good sense.", "2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a number in common; that part of an undivided interest which belongs to each proprietor; as a ship owned in ten shares; a Tontine buildind owned in a hundred shares.", "3. The part of a thing allotted or distributed to each individual of a number; divided; separate portion. Each heir has received his share of the estate.", "4. A part belonging to one; portion possessed.", "Nor I without my share of fame. Dryden.", "5. A part contributed. He bears his share of the burden.", "6. The broad iron or blade of a plow which cuts the ground; or a furrow-slice."], "shared": ["SHA'RED, pp. Held or enjoyed with another or others; divided; distributed in shares"], "sharing": ["SHA'RING, ppr. Partaking; having a part with another; enjoying or suffering with others.", "SHA'RING, n. Participation."], "sharp": ["SH'ARP, a.", "1. Having a very thin edge or a fine point; keen; acute; not blunt. Thus we may say, a sharp knife, or a sharp needle. A sharp edge easily severs a substance; a sharp point is easily made to penetrate,it.", "2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse; as, a hills terminates in a sharp peak, or a sharp ridge.", "3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the ridge; as a sharp roof.", "4. Acute of mind; quick to discern or distinguish; penetrating; ready at invention; witty; ingenious.", "Nothing makes men sharper than want. Addison.", "Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have not yet obtained clear ideas. Watts.", "5. Being of quick or nice perception; applied to the senses or organs of perception; as a sharp eye; sharp sight.", "6. Affecting the organs of taste like fine points; piercing; penetrating; shrill; as sharp vinegar; sharp tasted citrons.", "7. Affecting the organs of hearing like sharp points; poercing; penetrating; shrill; as a sharp sound or voice; a sharp not or tone; opposed to a flat note or sound.", "8. Severe; harsh; biting; sarcastic; as sharp words; sharp rebuke.", "-Be thy words severe,"], "sharpness": ["SH'ARPNESS, n.", "1. Keenness of an edge or point; as the sharpness of a razor or a dart.", "2. Not obtuseness.", "3. Pungency; acidity; as the sharpness of vinegar.", "4. Pungency of pain; keenness; severity of pain or affliction; as the sharpness of pain, grief or anguish.", "5. Painfulness; afflictiveness; as the sharpness or calamity.", "And the best quarrels in the heat are curst", "By those that feel their sharpness. Shak.", "6. Sverity of language; pungency; satirical sarcasm; as the sharpness of a satire or rebuke.", "Some did all folly with just sharpness blame. Dryden.", "7. Acuteness of intellect; the power of nice discernment; quickness of understanding; ingenuity; as sharpness of wit or understanding.", "8. Quickness of sense or perception; as the sharpness of sight.", "9. Keenness; sverity as the sharpness of the air or weather."], "sharpen": ["SHARPEN, v.t.", "1. To make sharp; to give a keen edge or a fine point to a thing; to edge; to point; as, to sharpen a knife, an ax or the teeth of a saw; to sharpen a sword.", "All of the Israelites went down to the Philistines to sharpen every man his share and his coulter, and his ax and his mattock. 1 Sam. 8.", "2. To make more eager or active; as, to sharpen the edge of industry.", "3. To make more pungent and painful. The abuse of wealth and greatness may hereafter sharpen the sting of conscience.", "4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. The wit or the intellect is sharpened by study.", "5. To render perception more quick or acute.", "Th' air sharpen'd his visual ray", "To objects distant far. Milton.", "6. To render more keen; to make more eager for food or for any gratification; as, to sharpen the appetite; to sharpen a desire.", "7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. Sharpen each word.", "8. To render less flat, or more shrill or piercing.", "Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it. Bacon.", "9. To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar.", "10. To make more distressing; as, to sharpen grief or other evis.", "11. In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp."], "sharper": ["SH'ARPER, n. A shrewd man in making bargains; a tricking fellow; a cheat in bargaining or gaming."], "sharply": ["SH'ARPLY, adv.", "1. With a keen edge or a fine point.", "2. Severely; rigorously; roughly.", "They are to be more sharply chastised and reformed than the rude Irish."], "shave": ["SHAVE, v.t. pret. shaved; pp. shaved or shaven.", "1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of the body by a razor or other edged instrument, by rubbing, scraping or drawing the instrument along the surface; as, tto shave the chin and cheeks; to shave the head of its hair.", "He shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing. Num. 6.", "2. To shave off, to cut off.", "Neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard. Lev. 21.", "3. To pare close.", "The bending sythe"], "shaved": ["SHA'VED, pp. Pared; made smooth with a razor or other cutting instrument; fleeced."], "shaving": ["SHA'VING, ppr. Paring the surface with a razor or ather sharp instrument; making smooth by paring; fleecing.", "SHA'VING, n.", "1. The act of paring the surface.", "2. A thin slice pared off with a shave, a knife , a plan or other cutting instrument."], "she": ["SHE, pronoun personal of the feminine gender. She is perhaps the Heb. a woman or wife. L. quoe.", "1. A pronoun which is a substitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gender; the word which refers to a female mentioned in the preceding or following part of a sentence or discourse.", "Then denied, saying, I laughed not; for she was afraid. Gen. 18.", "2. She is sometimes used as a noun for waman or female, and in the plural; but in contempt or in ludicrous language.", "Lady, you are the cruell'st she alive. Shak.", "The shes of Italy shall not betray", "My interest. Shak.", "3. She is also used in composition for female, representing sex; as a she-bear; a she-cat."], "sheaf": ["SHEAF, n. plu. sheaves. L. scopa, scopo.", "1. A quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats or barley bound together; a bundle of stalks or straw.", "-The reaper fills his greedy hands,", "And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands. Dryden.", "2. Any bundle or collection; as a sheaf of arrows.", "SHEAF, v.t. To collect and bind; to make sheaves."], "sheal": ["SHEAL, to shell, not used."], "shear": ["SHEAR, v.t. pret. sheared; pp. sheared or shorn. The old pret. shore is entirely obsolete.", "1. To cut or clip something from the surface with an instrument of two blades; to separate any thing from the surface by shears, scissors or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth. It is appropriately used for the cutting of wool from sheep on their skins, for clipping the nap from cloth, but may be applied to other things; as, a horse shears the ground in feeding much closer than an ox.", "2. To separate by shears; as, to shear a fleece.", "3. To reap. Not in use. Scotish.", "SHEAR, To deviate. See Sheer."], "sheared": ["SHE'ARED, pp. Clipped; deprived of woll, hair, nap."], "shears": ["SHEARS, n. plu. from the verb.", "1. An instrument consisting of two blades with a bevel edge, movable on a pin, used for cutting cloth and other substances by interception between the two blades. Shears differ from scissors chiefly in being larger.", "Fate urg'd the shears and cut the sylph in twain. Pope.", "2. Something in the form of the blades of shears.", "3. Wings. Not in use.", "4. An engine for raising heavy weights. See Sheers.", "5. The denomimation of the age of sheep from the cutting of the teeth; as sheep of one shear, two shear, &c. Local."], "shearer": ["SHE'ARER, n. One that shears; as a shearer of sheep."], "sheath": ["SHEATH, n.", "1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and slender instrument; a scabbard. A sheath is that which separates, and hence a defense.", "2. In botany, a membrane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses.", "3. Any thin covering for defense; the wing-case of an insect.", "SHEATH, v.t."], "sheathe": ["SHEATHE,", "1. To put in a case or scabbard; as, the sheathe a sword or dagger.", "2. To inclose or cover with a sheath or case.", "The leopard-deeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes. Grew.", "'Tis in my breast she sheathes her dagger now. Dryden.", "3. To cover or line; as, to sheathe the bowels with demulcent or mucilaginous substances.", "4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious or sharp particles.", "5. To fit with a sheath.", "6. To case or cover with boards or with sheets of copper; as, to sheathe a ship to protect it from the worms."], "sheathed": ["SHE'ATHED, pp.", "1. Put in a sheath; inclosed or covered in a case; covered; lined; invested with a membrane.", "2. a. In botany, vaginate; invested by a sheath or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses."], "sheathing": ["SHE'ATHING, ppr. Putting in a sheath; inclosing in a case; covering; liningl investing with a membrane.", "SHE'ATHING, n, The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; or the materials for such covering."], "sheave": ["SHEAVE, n. In seamen's language, a wheel in which the rope works in a block. It is made of hard wood or a metal. When made of wood, it is sometimes bushed, that is, has a piece or perforated brass let into its center, the better to sustain the friction of the pin.", "SHEAVE, v.t. To bring together; to collect. Not in use."], "sheaved": ["SHE'AVED, a. Made of straw. Not in use."], "shed": ["SHED, v.t. pret. and pp. shed.", "1. To pour out; to effuse; to spill; to suffer to flow out; as, to shed tears; to shed blood. The sun sheds light on the earth; the stars shed a more feeble light.", "This is my blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. Matt. 26.", "2. To let fall; to cast; as, the trees shed their leaves on autumn; fowls shed their fethers; and serpents shed their skin.", "3. To scatter to emit; to throw off; to diffuse; as, flowers shed their sweets of fragrance.", "SHED, v.i. To let fall its parts.", "White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand."], "shedding": ["SHED'DING, ppr. Effusing; causing to flow out; letting fall; casting; throwing off; sending out; diffusing; keeping off."], "shedder": ["SHED'DER, n. One that sheds or causes to flow out; as a shedder of blood."], "sheep": ["SHEEP, n. sing. and plu.", "1. An animal of the genus Ovis, which is one of the most useful species that the Creator has bestowed upon man, and its wool constitutes a principal material of warm clothing, and its flesh is a great article of fool. The sheep is remarkable for its harmless temper ant its tmidity. the varieties are numerous.", "2. In contempt, a silly fellow.", "3. Figuratively, God's people are called sheep, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd."], "sheepcot": ["SHEE'PCOT, n. sheep snd cot. A small inclosure for sheep; a pen."], "sheepfold": ["SHEE'PFOLD, n. sheep and fold. A place where sheep are collected or confined."], "sheepskin": ["SHEE'PSKIN, n. The skin of a sheep; or the lether prepared from it."], "sheet": ["SHEET, n. L. schenda; Gr. The Greek and Latin words signify a table or plate for writing on; L. scindo, Gr.", "1. A broad piece of cloth used as part of bed-furniture.", "2. A broad piece of paper as it comes from the manufacturer. Sheets of paper are of different sizes, as royal, demi, foolscap, pot and post-paper.", "3. A piece of paper printed, folede and bound, or formed in to a book in blank, and making four, eight, sixteen or twenty-four pages, &c.", "4. Any thing expanded; as a sheet of water or of fire; a sheet of copper, lead or iron.", "5. Sheets, plu. a book or pamphlet. The following sheets contains a full answer to my opponent.", "6. A sail.", "SHEET, n. In nautical language, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners of a sail to extend and retain it in a particular situation. When a ship sails with a side-wind, the lower corners of the main and fore-sails are fastened with a tackand a sheet.", "SHEET, v.t.", "1. To furnish with sheets. Little used.", "2. To fold in a sheet. Little used.", "3. To cover as with a sheet; to cover with something broad and thin.", "When snow the pasture sheets. Shak."], "sheeting": ["SHEE'TING, n. Cloth for sheets."], "shekel": ["SHEK'EL, n. Heb. to way; Low L. siclus. An ancient weight and coin among the Jews and other nations of the same stock. Dr. Arbuthnot makes the weight to have been equal to 9 pennyweights, 2 4/7 grains, Troy weight, and the value of 2s. 3 3/8d. sterling, or about half a dollar. Others make its value 2s. 6d. sterling. The golden shekel was worht 1. 16. 6. pounds sterling, about , 12."], "shelter": ["SHEL'TER, n. L. celo.", "1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance. A house is a shelter from rain and other inclemencies of the weather; the foliage of a tree is a shelter from the rays of the sun.", "The healing plant shall aid,", "From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. Pope.", "2. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security.", "Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. Young.", "3. He that defends or guards from danger.", "SHEL'TER, v.t.", "1. To cover from violence, injury, annoyance or attack; as a valley sheltered from the north wind by a mountain.", "Those ruins shelter'd once his sacred head. Dryden.", "We besought the deep shelter to us. Milton.", "2. To defend; to protect from danger; to secure or render safe; to harbor.", "What endless shall you gain,", "to save and shelter Troy's unhappy train? Dryden.", "3. To betake to cover or a safe place.", "They sheltered themselves under a rock. Abbot.", "4. To cover from notice; to disguise for protection.", "In vain I strove to check my growing flame,", "Or shelter passion under friendship's name. Prior.", "SHEL'TER, v.i. To take shelter.", "There the Indian herdsman shunning heat,"], "sheltered": ["SHEL'TERED, pp. Covered from injury or annoyance; defended; protected."], "sheltering": ["SHEL'TERING, ppr. Covering from injury or annoyance; protecting."], "shepherd": ["SHEP'HERD, n.", "1. A man employed in tending, feeding and gaurding sheep in the pasture.", "2. A swain; a rural lover.", "3. The pastor of a parish, church or congregation; a minister of the gospel who superintends a church or parish, and gived instruction in spiritual things. God and Christ are in Scripture dinominated Shepherds, as they lead, protect and govern their people, and provide for their wilfare."], "sherd": ["SHERD, n. A pragment; usually written shard, which see."], "shewing": ["SHEWING. See Showing."], "shibboleth": ["SHIB'BOLETH, n. Heb. an ear of corn, or a stream of water.", "1. A word which was made the criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites not being able to pronounce the letter sh, pronounced the word sibboleth. See Judges 12. Hence,", "2. The criterion of a party; or that which distinguishes one party from another; and usually some peculiarity in things of little importance."], "shield": ["SHIELD, v.t.", "1. To cover, as with a shield; to cover from dasnger; to defend; to protect; to secure form assault or injury.", "To see the son the vanquish'd father shield. Dryden.", "Hear one that comes to shield his injur'd honor. Smith."], "shielded": ["SHIE'LDED, pp. Covered, as with a shield; defended; protected."], "shielding": ["SHIEL'DING, ppr. Covering, as with a shield; defending from attack or injury; protected."], "shine": ["SHINE, v.i. If s is a prefix, this word accords with the root of L. canus, caneo.", "1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit lightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. Shining differs from sparkling, glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radiation or emission of light, whereas the latter words usually imply irregular or interrupted radiation. This distinction is not always not always observed, and we may say, the fixed stars shine, as well as they sparkle. But we never say the sun or the moon sparkles.", "2. To be bright; to be lively and animated; to be brilliant.", "Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster. Denham.", "3. To be unclouded; as, the moon shines."], "shining": ["SHI'NING, ppr.", "1. Emitting light; beaming; gleaming.", "2. a. Bright; splendid; radiant.", "3. Illustrious; distinguished; conspicuous; as a shining example of charity.", "SHI'NING, n. Effusion or clearness of light; brightness."], "ship": ["SHIP, as a termination, denotes state or office; as in lordship.", "SHIP. See Shape.", "SHIP, n. L. scapha; from the root of shape. In a general sense, a vessel or building of a peculiar structure, adapted to navigation, or floating on water by means of sails. In an appropriate sense, a building of a structure or form fitted for navigation, furnished with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a fore-mast and a mizen-mast, each of which is composed a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant-mast, and square rigged. Ships are of various sizes and are for various uses; most of them however fall under the denomination of ships of war and merchant's ships.", "SHIP, v.t.", "1. To put on board of a ship or vessel of any kind; as, to ship goods at Liverpoll for New York.", "2. To transport in a ship; to convey by water.", "The sun shall no sooner the mountains touch,", "But we will ship him hence. Shak.", "3. To receive into a ship or vessel; as, to ship at sea."], "shipped": ["SHIP'PED, pp. Put on board of a ship or vessel; received on board."], "shipping": ["SHIP'PING, ppr.", "1. Putting on board of a ship or vessel; receiving on board.", "2. a. Relating to ships; as shipping concerns.", "SHIP'PING, n. Ships in general; ships or vessels of any kind for navigation. The shipping of the English nation exceeds that of any other. The tunnage of shipping belonging to the United States is second only to that of Great Britain."], "shipmaster": ["SHIP'M'ASTER, n. ship and master. The captain, master or commander of a ship."], "shipwreck": ["SHIP'WRECK, n. ship and wreck.", "1. The destruction of a ship or vessel by being cast ashore or broken to pieces by beating against rocks and the like.", "2. The parts of a shattered ship.", "3. Destruction."], "shipwrecked": ["SHIP'WRECKED, pp. Cast ashore; dashed upon the rocks or banks; destroyed."], "shittah": ["SHIT'TAH, n. In Scripture, a sort of precious wood of which the tables, altars and"], "shiver": ["SHIV'ER, n.", "1. In mineralogy, a species of blue slate; shist; shale.", "2. In seamen's language, a little wheel; a sheeve.", "SHIV'ER, v.t. supra. Qu. Heb. to break in pieces. Class Br. No.26. To break into many small pieces or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow.", "The ground with shiver'd armor strown. Milton.", "SHIV'ER, v.i.", "1. To fell at once into many small pieces or parts.", "The natural world, should gravity once cease, would instantly shiver into of millions of atoms. Woodward.", "2. To quake; to tremble; to shudder; to shake, as with cold, ague; fear or horror.", "The man that shiver'd on the brink of sin. Dryden.", "Prometeus is laid", "On icy Caucasus to shiver. Swift.", "3. To be affected with a thrilling sensation, like that of chillness.", "Any very harsh noise will set the teeth on edge, and make all the body shiver."], "shivered": ["SHIV'ERED, pp. Broken or dashed into small pieces."], "shivering": ["SHIV'ERING, ppr.", "1. Breaking or dashing into small pieces.", "2. Quaking; trembling; shaking, as with cold or fear.", "SHIV'ERING, n.", "1. The act of breaking or dashing to pieces; division; severance.", "2. A trembling; a shaking with cold or fear."], "shock": ["SHOCK, n.", "1. A violent collision of bodies, or the concussion which it occasions; a viosent striking or dashing against.", "The strong unshaken mounds resist the shocks", "Of tides and seas. Blackmore.", "2. Violent onset; conflict of contending armies or foes.", "He stood the shock of a whole host of foes. Addison.", "3. External violence; as the shocks of fortune.", "4. Offense; impression of disgust.", "Fewer shocks a staesman gives his friend. Young.", "5. In electricity, the effect on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a charged body.", "6. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rey, &c.", "And cause it on shocks to be by and by set. Tusser.", "Behind th emaster walks, builds up th eshocks. Thomson.", "7. In New England, the number of sixteen sheaves of wheat, rye, &c. This is the sense in which this word is generally used with us.", "8. A dog with long rough hair or shag. from shag.", "SHOCK, v.t.", "1. To shake by the sudden collision of a body.", "2. To meet with force; to encounter.", "3. To strike, as with horror or disgust; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or horrible; to offend extremely; to disgust. I was shocked at the sight of so much misery. A void everything that can shock the feelings of delicacy.", "Advise him not to shock a father's will. Dryden.", "SHOCK, v.i. To collect sheaves into a pile; to pile sheaves."], "shocked": ["SHOCK'ED, pp.", "1. Struck, as with horror; offended; disgusted.", "2. Piled, as in sheaves."], "shocking": ["SHOCK'ING, ppr.", "1. Shaking with sudden violence.", "2. Meeting in onset or violent encounter.", "And now with shouts the shocking armies clos'd. Pope.", "3. a. Striking, as with horror; causing to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.", "The French humor- is very shocking to the Italians. Addison."], "shockingly": ["SHOCK'INGLY, adv. In a manner to strike with horror or disgust."], "shod": ["SHOD, for shoed, pret. and pp. of shoe."], "shoe": ["SHOE, n. plu. shoes.", "1. A covering for the foot, usually of lether, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a thinner kind for the vamp and quarthers. Shoes for ladies often have some kind of cloth for the vamp and quarters.", "2. A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse to defend it from injury; also, a plate of iron for for an ox's hoof, one for each division of the hoof. Oxen are shod in New England, sometimes to defend the hoof from injury in stony places, more generally to enable them to wald on ice, in which case the shoes are armed with sharp points. This is called calking.", "3. The plate of iron which is nailed to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle that slides on snow in the winter.", "4. A piece of timber fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, to prevent them from wearing.", "5. Something in form of a shoe.", "6. A cover for defense."], "shoeing": ["SHOEING, ppr. Putting on shoes."], "shone": ["SHONE, pp. of shine."], "shook": ["SHOOK, pp. of shake."], "shoot": ["SHOOT, v.t. prte. and pp. shot. The old participle shotten, is obsolete. L. scateo, to shoot out water.", "1. To let fly and drive with force; as, to shoot an arrow.", "2. To discharge and cause to be driven with violence; as, to shoot a ball.", "And from about her shot darts of desire. Milton.", "4. To let off; used of the instrument.", "The two ends of a bow shot off, fly from one another. Boyle.", "5. To strike with any thing shot; as, to shoot with an arrow or a bullet.", "6. To send out; to push forth; as, a plant shoots a branch.", "7. To push out; to emit; to dart; to thrust forth.", "Beware of the secret snake that shoots a sting. Dryden.", "8. To push forward; to drive; to propel; as, to shoot a bolt.", "9. To push out; to thrust forward.", "They shoot out the lip. Ps. 22.", "The phrase, to shoot out the lip, signifies to treat with derision or contempt.", "10. To pass through with swiftness; as, to shoot the Stygian flood.", "11. To fit to each other by planing; a workman's term.", "Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or pared with a chisel."], "shooting": ["SHOOT'ING, ppr. Discharging, as fire-arms; driving or sending with violence; pushing out; protuberating; germinating; branching; glancing, as in pain."], "shooter": ["SHOOT'ER, n. One that shoots; an archer; a gunner."], "shore": ["SHORE, the old. pret. of shear. Obs.", "SHORE, n. The coast or land adjacent to the sea, or to a large lake or river. This word is applied primarily to land contiguous to water; but it extends to the ground near the border of the sea or of a lake, which is covered with water. We also use the word to express the land near the border of the sea or of a great lake, to an indefinite extent; as when we say, a town stands on the shore. We do not apply the word to land contiguous to a small stream. This we call a bank.", "SHORE, n. The popular but corrupt pronunciation of sewer; a pronunciation that should be carefully avoided.", "SHORE, n. A prop; a butress; something that supports a building or other thing.", "SHORE, v.t.", "1. To prop; to support by a post or butress; usually withsup; as, to shore up a building.", "2. To set on shore. Not in use."], "shored": ["SHO'RED, pp. Propped; supported by a prop."], "shorn": ["SHORN pp. of shear.", "1. Cut off; as a lock of wool shorn.", "2. Having the hair or wool cut off or sheared; as a shorn lamb.", "3. Deprived; as a prince shorn of his honors."], "short": ["SHORT, a. L. curtus.", "1. Not long; not having great length or extension; as a short distance; a short ferry; a short flight; a short piece of timber.", "The bed is shorter than a man can stretch himself on it. Is. 28.", "2. Not extended in time; not of long duration.", "The triumphing of the wicked is short. Job 20.", "3. Not of usual or suffifient length, reach or extent.", "Weak though I am of limb, and short of sight. Pope.", "4. Not of long duration; repeated at small intervals of time; as short breath.", "5. Not of adequate extent or quantity; not reaching the point demanded, desired or expected; as a quantity short of our expectations.", "Not therefore am I short", "Of knowing what I ought. Milton.", "6. Deficient; defective; imperfect. This account is short of the truth.", "7. Not adequate; insufficient; scanty; as, provisions are short; a short allowance of water for the voyage.", "8. Not sufficiently supplied; scantily furnished.", "the English were inferior in number, and grew short in their provisions."], "shortness": ["SHORT'NESS, n.", "1. The quality of being short in space or time; little length or little duration; as the shortness of a journey or of distance; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of life.", "2. Fewness of words; brevity; conciseness; as th eshortness of an essay. The prayers of the church, by reason of their shortness, are easy for the memory.", "3. Want of reach or the power of retention; as the shortness of the memory.", "4. Deficiency; imperfection; limited extent; as the shortness of our reason."], "shorts": ["SHORTS, n. plu. The bran and coarse part of a meal. Local."], "shorten": ["SHORTEN, v.t. short'n.", "1. To make short in measure, extent or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.", "2. To abridge; to lessen; as, to shorten labor or work.", "3. To curtail; as, to shorten the hair by clipping.", "4. To cintract; to lessen; to diminish in extent or amount; as, to shorten sail; to shorten an allowance of provisions.", "5. To confine; to restrain.", "Here where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain. Dryden.", "6. To lop; to deprive.", "The youth-shortened of his ears. Dryden.", "SHORTEN, v.i. short'n.", "1. To become short or shorter. The day shortens in northern latitudes from June to December.", "2. To contract; as, a cord shortens by being wet; a metallic rod shortens by cold."], "shortened": ["SHORT'ENED, pp. Made shorter; abridged; contracted."], "shortening": ["SHORT'ENING, ppr. Making shorter; contracting.", "SHORT'ENING, n. Something used in cookery to make paste short or friable, as butter or lard."], "shortly": ["SHORT'LY, adv.", "1. Quickly; soon; in a little time.", "The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon.", "2. In a few words; briefly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose."], "shot": ["SHOT, pret. and pp. of shoot.", "SHOT, n.", "1. The act of shooting; discharge of a missile weapon.", "He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army."], "shotting": ["SHOTT'ING, n.", "1. The act of discharging fire-arms, or of sending an arrow with force; a firing.", "2. Sensation of a wuick glancing pain.", "3. In sportsmanship, the act or practice of killing game with guns or fire-arms."], "should": ["SHOULD. shood. The preterit of shall, but now used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional present. \"He should have paid the debt at the time the note became due.\" Should here denotes past time. \"I should ride to town this day if the weather would permit.\" Here should expresses present or future time conditionally. In the second and third persons, it denotes obligation or duty, as in the first example above.", "1. I should go. When should in this person is uttered without emphasis, it declares simply that an event would take place, on some condition or under circumstances.", "But when expressed with emphasis, should in this person denotes obligation, duty or determination.", "2. Thou shouldst go."], "shoulder": ["SHOULDER, n.", "1. The joint by which the arm of a human being or the fore leg of a quadruped is connected with the body; or in man, the projection formed by the bones called scapula or shoulder blades, which extend from the basis of the neck in a horizontal direction.", "2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut for th emarket; as a shoulder of mutton.", "3. Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part of the back.", "Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.", "4. Figuratively, support; sustaining power; or that which elevates and sustains.", "For on thy shoulders do I build my seat. Shak.", "5. Among artificers, something like the human shoulder; a horizontal or rectangular projection from the body of a thing.", "SHOULDER, v.t.", "1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence.", "Around her numberless the rabble flow'd,"], "shout": ["SHOUT, v.i. To utter a sudden and loud outcry, usually in joy, triumph or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset.", "It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery. Ex. 32.", "When ye hear th esound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout. Josh. 6.", "SHOUT, n. A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, expressing joy, triumph, exultation or animated courage. It is sometimes intended in derision.", "The Rhodians seeing an enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision. Knolles.", "SHOUT, v.t. To treat with shouts or clamor."], "shouting": ["SHOUT'ING, ppr. Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy or exultation.", "SHOUT'ING, n. The act of shouting; a loud outcry expressive of joy or animation."], "shovel": ["SHOVEL, n. shov'l. An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow blade with a handle; used por throwing earth or other loole substances.", "SHOVEL, v.t.", "1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a heap or into a cart, or out of a pit.", "2. To gather in great quantities."], "shoveled": ["SHOVELED, pp. Thrown with a shovel."], "shoveler": ["SHOVELER, n. from shovel. A fowl of the genus Anas or duck kind."], "shoveling": ["SHOVELING, ppr. Throwing with a shovel."], "shower": ["SHOWER, n. One who shows or exhibits."], "showered": ["SHOW'ERED, pp. Wet with a shower; watered abundantly; bestowed or distributed liberally."], "shrank": ["SHRANK, pret. or shrink, nearly obsolete."], "shred": ["SHRED, v.t. pret. and pp. shred. To cut into small pieces, particularly marrow and long pieces, as of cloth or lether. It differs from mince, which signifies to chop into pieces fine and short.", "SHRED, n.", "1. A long narrow piece cut off; as shreds of cloth.", "2. A fragment; a piece; as shreds of wit."], "shredding": ["SHRED'DING, ppr. Cutting into shreds.", "SHRED'DING, That which is cut off; a piece."], "shrine": ["SHRINE, n. L. scrinium. A case or box; particularly applied to a case in which sacred things are deposited. Hence we hear much of shrines for relics.", "Come, offer at my shrine, and I will help thee. Shak."], "shroud": ["SHROUD, n.", "1. A shelter; a cover; that which covers, conceals or protects.", "Swaddled, as new born, in sable shrouds. Sandys.", "2. The dress of the dead; a winding sheet.", "3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to the right and left sides of the ship, to support the mast; as the main shrouds; fore shrouds; mizen shrouds. There are also futtock shrouds, bowsprit shrouds, &c.", "4. A branch of a tree. Not proper.", "SHROUD, v.t.", "1. To cover; to shelter from danger or annoyance.", "Under your beams I will me safely shroud. Spenser.", "One of these trees with all its young ones, may shroud four hundred horsemen. Raleigh.", "2. To dress for the grave; to cover; as a dead body.", "The ancient Egyptian mummies were shrouded in several folds of linen besmeared with gums. Bacon.", "3. To cover; to conceal to hide; as, to be shrouded in darkness.", "-Some tempest rise,", "And blow out all the stars that light the skies,", "To shroud my name. Dryden.", "4. To defend; to protect by hiding.", "So Venus from prevailing Greeks did shroud", "The hope of Rome, and saved him in a cloud. Waller.", "5. To overwhelm; as, to be shrouded in despair.", "6. To lop the branches of a tree. Unusual or improper.", "SHROUD, v.i. To take shelter or harbor.", "If your stray attendants be yet lodg'd", "Or shroud within these limits- Milton."], "shrouded": ["SHROUD'ED, pp. Dressed; covered; concealed; sheltered; overwhelmed."], "shrouding": ["SHROUD'ING, ppr. Dressing; covering; cocealing; sheltering; overwhelming."], "shrub": ["SHRUB, n. A low dwarf tree; a woody plant of a size less than a tree; or more strictly, a plant with several permanent woody stems, dividing from the bottom, more slender and lower than trees.", "Gooseberries and currants are shrubs; oaks and cherries are trees. Locke.", "SHRUB, n. L. sorbeo. A liquor composed of acid and sugar, with spirir to preserve it; usually the acid of lemons.", "SHRUB, v.t. To clear of shrubs."], "shun": ["SHUN, v.t.", "1. To avoid; to keep clear of; not to fall on or come in contact with; as, to shun rocks and shoals in navigation. In shunning Scylla, take care to avoid to avoid Charybdis.", "2. To avoid; not to mix or associate with; as, to shun evil company.", "3. To avoid; not to practice; as, to shun vice.", "4. To avoid; to escape; as, to shun a blow.", "5. To avoid; to decline; to neglect.", "I haved not shunned to declare the whole counsel of God. Acts 20."], "shunned": ["SHUN'NED, pp. Avoided."], "shunning": ["SHUN'NING, ppr. Avoiding; keeping clear from; declining."], "shut": ["SHUT, v.t. pretand pp. shut.", "1. To close so as to hinder ingress or egress; as, to shut a door or gate; to shut the eyes or the mouth.", "2. To prohibit; to bar; to forbid entrance into; as, to shut the ports of the kingdom by a blockade.", "Shall that be shut to man, which to the beast", "Is open? Milton.", "3. To preclude; to exclude.", "But shut from every shore. Dryden.", "4. To close, as the fingers; to contract; as, to shut the hand."], "shutting": ["SHUT'TING, ppr. Closing; prohibiting entrance; confining."], "shuttle": ["SHUT'TLE, n. from the root of shoot; Ice. skutul. An instrument used by weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving from one side of the cloth to the other, between the threads of the warp."], "sick": ["SICK, a. Qu.Gr. squeamish, lothing.", "1. Affected with nausea; inclined to vomit; as, sick at the stomach. This is probably the primary sense of the word. Hence,", "2. Disgusted; having a strong dislike to; with of; as, to be sick of flattery; to be sick of a country life.", "He was not so sick of his master as of his work. L'Estrange.", "3. Affected with a disease of any kind; not in health; followed by of; as to be sick of a fever.", "4. Corrupted. Not in use nor proper.", "5. The sick, the person or persons affected with the disease. The sick are healed.", "SICK, v.t. To make sick. Not in use. See Sicken."], "sickness": ["SICK'NESS, n.", "1. Nausea; squeamishness; as sickness of the stomach.", "2. State of being diseased. I do lament the sickness of the king.", "3. Disease; malady; a morbid state of the body of an animal or plant, in which the organs do not perfectly perform their natural functions. Trust not too much your now resistless charms; Those age or sickness soon or late disarms. Himself took our infirmities, and bore our sicknesses. Matt 8."], "sickle": ["SICKLE, n. Gr. Vaiclh, Vagclon; L. sicula, from the root of seco, to cut. A reaping hook; a hooked instrument with teeth; used for cutting grain. Thou shalt not move a sickle to thy neighbor's standing corn. Deut. 23."], "sickled": ["SICK'LED, a. Furnished with a sickle."], "sickliness": ["SICK'LINESS, n. from sickly.", "1. The state of being sickly; the state of being habitually diseased;", "2. The state of producing sickness extensively; as the sickliness of a climate."], "sickly": ["SICK'LY, a.", "1. Not healthy; somewhat affected with disease; or habitually indisposed; as a sickly person, or a sickly constitution; a sickly plant.", "2. Producing disease extensively; marked with sickness; as a sickly time; a sickly autumn.", "3. Tending to produce disease; as a sickly climate.", "4. Faint; weak; languid. The moon grows sickly at the sight of day.", "SICK'LY, v. t. To make diseased."], "side": ["SIDE, n. L. latus.", "1. The broad and long part of surface of a thing, as distinguished from the end, which is of less extent and many be a point; as the side of a plank; the side of a chest; the side of a house or of a ship. One side of a lens may be concave, the other convex. Side is distinguished from edge; as the side of a knife or sword.", "2. Margin; edge; verge; border; the exterior line of any thing, considered in length; as the side of a tract of land or a field, as distinct from the end. Hence we say, the side of a river; the side of a road; the east and west side of the American continent.", "3. The part of an animal between the back and the face and belly; the part of which the ribs are situated; as the right side; the left side. This is quadrupeds is usually the broadest part.", "4. The part between the top and bottom; the slope, declivity or ascent, as of a hill or mountain; as the side of mount Etna.", "5. One part of a thing, or its superficies; as the side of a ball or sphere.", "6. Any part considered in respect to its direction or point of compass; as to whichever side we direct our view. We see difficulties on every side.", "7. Party; faction; sect; any man or body of men considered as in opposition to another. One man enlists on the side of the tories; another on the side of the whigs. Some persons change sides for the sake of popularity and office, and sink themselves in public estimation. And sets the passions on the side of truth.", "8. Interest; favor. The Lord is on my side. Ps. 118", "9. Any part being in opposition or contradistinction to another; In the battle, the slaughter was great on both sides. Passion invites on one side; reason restrains on the other. Open justice bends on neither side.", "10. Branch or a family; separate line of descent; as,by the father's side he is descended from a noble family; by the mother's side his birth is respectable.", "11. Quarter; region; part; as from one side of heaven to the other. To take sides, to embrace the opinions of attach one's self to the interest of a party when in opposition to another. To choose side, to select parties for competition in exercises of any kind.", "SIDE, a.", "1. Lateral; as a side post; but perhaps it would be better to consider the word as compound.", "2. Being on the side, or toward the side; oblique; indirect. The law hath no side respect to their persons. One mighty squadron with a side wind sped. So we say, a side view, a side blow.", "3. Long; large; extensive.", "SIDE, v. i. Little used.", "1. To lean on one side.", "2. To embrace the opinions of one party or engage in its interest, when opposed to another party; as, to side with the ministerial party. All side in parties and begin th' attack.", "SIDE, v. t.", "1. To stand at the side of. Not in use.", "2. To suit; to pair. Not in use."], "siding": ["SI'DING, ppr. Joining one side or party.", "SI'DING, n. The attaching of one's self to a party."], "siege": ["SIEGE, n. L. sigillum.", "1. The setting of an army around or before a fortified place for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender; or the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, and approaching it by passages and advanced works, which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. A siege differs from a blockade, as in a siege the investing army approaches the fortified place to attach and reduce it by force; but in a blockade, the army secures all the avenues to the place to intercept all supplies, and waits till famine compels the garrison to surrender.", "2. Any continued endeavor to gain possession. Love stood the siege, and would not yield his breast.", "3. Seat; throne.", "4. Rank; place; class.", "5. Stool. Not in use.", "SIEGE, v. t. To besiege. Not in use."], "sieve": ["SIEVE, n. siv. An utensil for separating flour from bran, or the fine part of any pulverized or fine substance from the coarse, by the hand; as a fine sieve; a coarse sieve. It consists of a hoop with a hair bottom, and performs in the family the service of a bolter in a mill."], "sift": ["SIFT, v.t.", "1. To separate by a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.", "2. To separate; to part.", "3. To examine minutely or critically; to scrutinize. Let the principles of the party be thoroughly sifted. We have sifted your objections."], "sifted": ["SIFT'ED, pp. Separated by a sieve; purified from the coarser parts; critically examined."], "sifting": ["SIFT'ING, ppr. Separating the finer from the coarser parts; critically examining."], "sigh": ["SIGH, v.i. To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual and immediately expel it; to suffer a single deep respiration. He sighed deeply in his spirit. Mark 8.", "SIGH, v.t.", "1. To lament; to mourn. Ages to come and men unborn Shall bless her name and sigh her fate.", "2. To express by sighs. The gentle swain-sighs back her grief.", "SIGH, n. A single deep respiration; a long breath; the inhaling of larger quantity of air than usual, and the sudden emission of it. This is an effort of nature to dilate the lungs and give vigor to the circulation of the blood, when the action of the heart and arteries is languid from grief, depression of spirits, weakness or want of exercise. Hence sighs are indications of grief of debility."], "sighing": ["SIGHING, ppr. Suffering a deep respiration; taking a long breath.", "SIGHING, n. The act of suffering a deep respiration, or taking a long breath."], "sight": ["SIGHT, n.", "1. The act of seeing; perception of objects by the eye; view; as, to gain sight of land; to have a sight of a landscape; to lose sight of a ship at sea. A cloud received him out of their sight. Acts 1.", "2. The faculty of vision, or of perceiving objects by the instrumentality of the eyes. It has been doubted whether moles have sight. Milton lost his sight. The sight usually fails at of before fifty years of age. O loss of sight, of thee I most complain.", "3. Open view; the state of admitting unobstructed vision; a being within the limits of vision. The harbor is in sight of the town. The shore of Long Island is in sight of New Haven. The White mountain is in plain sight at Portland, in Maine; a mountain is or is not within sight; an engagement at sea is within sight of land.", "4. Notice from seeing; knowledge; as a letter intended for the sight of one person only.", "5. Eye; the instrument of seeing. From the depth of hell they lift their sight.", "6. An aperture through which objects are to be seen; or something to direct the vision; as the sight of a quadrant; the sight of a fowling piece or a rifle.", "7. That which is beheld; a spectacle; a show; particularly, something wonderful. They never saw a sight so fair. Moses said, I will now turn aside and see the great sight, why the bush is not burned. Ex. 3. Fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven. To take sight, to take aim; to look for purpose of directing a piece of artillery, &c."], "sighted": ["SIGHTED, n. In composition only, having sight, or seeing in a particular manner; as long-sighted, seeing at a great distance; short-sighted, able to see only at a small distance; quick-sighted, readily seeing, discerning or understanding; sharp-sighted, having a keen eye or acute discernment."], "sightfulness": ["SIGHTFULNESS, n. Clearness of sight. Not in use."], "sign": ["SIGN, n. L. signum; Gr. deicnumt.", "1. A token; something by which another thing is shown or represented; any visible thing, any motion, appearance or event which indicates the existence or approach of something else. Thus we speak of signs of fair weather or of a storm, and of external marks which are signs of a good constitution.", "2. A motion, action, nod or gesture indicating a wish or command. They made signs to his father, how he would have him called. Luke 1.", "3. A wonder; a miracle; a prodigy; a remarkable transaction, event or phenomenon. Through mighty signs and wonders. Rom 15. Luke 11.", "4. Some visible transaction, event or appearance intended as proof or evidence of something else; hence; proof; evidence by sight. Show me a sign that thou talkest with me. Judges 6.", "5. Something hung or set near a house or over a door, to give notice of the tenant's occupation, or what is made or sold within; as a trader's sign; a tailor;s sign; the sign of the eagle.", "6. A memorial or monument; something to preserve the memory of a thing. What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign. Num. 16.", "7. Visible mark or representation; as an outward sign of and inward and spiritual grace.", "8. A mark of distinction.", "9. Typical representation. The holy symbols or signs are not barely significative.", "10. In astronomy, the twelfth part of the ecliptic. The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named respectively, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorns, Aquarius, Pisces. These names are borrowed from the constellations of the zodiac of the same denomination, which were respectively comprehended within the foregoing equal divisions of the ecliptic of the same name, but are considerably in advance of them. Thus the constellation Aries, is now in that part of the ecliptic called Taurus.", "11. In algebra, a character indicating the relation of quantities, or an operation performed by them; as the sign + plus prefixed to a quantity, indicates that the quantity is to be added; the sign - minus, denotes that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to subtracted. The former is prefixed to quantities called affirmative or positive; the latter to quantities called negative.", "12. The subscription of one's name; signature; as a sign manual.", "13. Among physicians, an appearance or symptom in the human body, which indicate its condition as to health or disease.", "14. In music, any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, &c.", "SIGN, v. t. sine.", "1. To mark with characters or one's name. To sign a paper, note, deed, &c. is to write one's name at the foot, or underneath the declaration, promise, covenant, grant, &c., by which the person makes it his own act, To sign one's name, is to write or subscribe it on the paper Signing does not now include sealing", "2. To signify; to represent typically. Not in use.", "3. To mark.", "SIGN, v. i. To be a sign or omen."], "signet": ["SIG'NET, n. A seal; particularly in Great Britain, the seal used by the king in sealing his private letters, and grants that pass by bill under his majesty's hand."], "signification": ["SIGNIFICA'TION, n. L. significatio. See Signify.", "1. The act of making known, or of communicating ideas to another by signs or by words, by any thing that is understood, particularly by words. All speaking, or signification of one's mind, implies an act or address of one man to another.", "2. Meaning; that which is understood to be intended by a sign, character, mark or word; that idea or sense of a sign, mar, word or expression which the person using it intends to convey, or that which men in general who use it, understand it to convey. The signification of words was originally arbitrary, and is dependent on usage. But when custom has annexed a certain sense to a letter or sound, or to a combination of letters or sounds, this sense is always to be considered the signification which the person using the word intends to communicate. So by custom, certain signs or gestures have a determinate signification. Such is the fact also with figures, algebraic character, &c."], "significative": ["SIGNIF'ICATIVE, a.", "1. Betokening or representing by an external sign; as the significative symbols of the eucharist.", "2. Having signification or meaning; expressive of a certain idea or thing. Neither in the degrees of kindred were they destitute of significative words."], "significatively": ["SIGNIF'ICATIVELY, adv. So as represent or express by an external sign."], "significator": ["SIGNIFICA'TOR, n. That which signifies."], "signify": ["SIG'NIFY, v. t. L. significo; signum, a sign, and facio, to make.", "1. To make known something, either by signs or words; to express or communicate to another any idea, thought, wish, a hod, wink, gesture, signal or other sign. A man signifies his mind by his voice or by written characters; he may signify his mind by a nod or other motion, provided the person to whom he directs it, understands what is intend by it. A general or an admiral signifies his commands by signals to officers as a distance.", "2. To mean; to have or contain a certain sense. The word sabbath signifies rest. Less, in composition, as in faithless, signifies destitution or want. The prefix re, in recommend, seldom signifies any thing.", "3. To import; to weigh; to have consequence; used in particular phrases; as, it signifies much or little; it signifies nothing. What does it signify? What signify the splendors of a court? Confession of sin without reformation of life, can signify nothing in the view of God.", "4. To make known; to declare. The government should signify to the protestants of Ireland that want of silver is not to be remedied."], "silence": ["SI'LENCE, n. L. silentium, from sileo, to be still.", "1. In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound or noise; as the silence of midnight.", "2. In animals, the state of holding the peace; forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals. I was dumb with silence; I held my peace, even from good. Ps 39.", "3. Habitual taciturnity; opposed to loquacity.", "4. Secrecy. These things were transacted in silence.", "5. Stillness; calmness; quiet; cessation of rage, agitation or tumult; as the elements reduced to silence.", "6. Absence of mention; oblivion, Eternal silence be their doom. And what most merits fame, in silence hid.", "7. Silence, in used elliptically for let there be silence, an injunction to keep silence.", "SI'LENCE, v. t.", "1. To oblige to hold the peace; to restrain from noise or speaking.", "2. To still; to quiet; to restrain; to appease. This would silence all further opposition. These would have silenced their scruples.", "3. To stop; as, to silence complaints or clamor.", "4. To still; to cause to cease firing; as, to silence guns or a battery.", "5. To restrain from preaching by revoking a license to preach; as, to silence a minister of the gospel. The Rev. Thomas Hooker, of Chelmsford in Essex, was silenced for non-conformity.", "6. To put an end to; to cause to cease. The question between agriculture and commerce has received a decision which has silenced the rivalships between them."], "silent": ["SI'LENT, a.", "1. Not speaking; mute. Ps. 22.", "2. Habitually taciturn; speaking little; not inclined to much talking; not loquacious. Ulysses, he adds was the most eloquent and most silent of men.", "3. Still; having not noise; as the silent watches of the night; the silent groves; all was silent.", "4. Not operative; wanting efficacy.", "5. Not mentioning; not proclaiming. This new created world, of which in hell Fame is not silent.", "6. Calm; as, the winds were silent.", "7. Not acting; not transacting business in person; as a silent partner in a commercial house.", "8. Hot pronounced; having no sound; as, e is silent in fable."], "silently": ["SI'LENTLY, adv.", "1. Without speech or words. Each silently demands thy grace, and seems to watch thy eye.", "2. without noise; as, to march silently.", "3. Without mention. He mentioned other difficulties, but this he silently passed over."], "silentness": ["SI'LENTNESS, n. State of being silent; stillness; silence."], "silk": ["SILK, n.", "1. The fine soft thread produced by the insect called silk-worm or bombyx. That which we ordinarily call silk, is a thread composed of several finer threads which the worm draws from its bowels, like the web of a spider, and with which the silk-worm envelopes itself, forming what is called a cocoon.", "2. Cloth made of silk. In this sense, the word has a plural, silks, denoting different sort and varieties, as black silk, white silk, colored silks.", "3. The filiform style of the female flower of maiz, which resembles real silk in fineness and softness. Virginia silk, a plant of the genus Periploca, which climbs and winds about other plants, trees, &c.", "SILK, a. Pertaining to silk; consisting of silk."], "silliness": ["SIL'LINESS, n. Weakness of understanding; want of sound sense or judgment ; simplicity; harmless folly."], "silly": ["SIL'LY, a. Heb. This may be radically the same word, with a prefix. Class Sl. No. 26", "1. Weak in intellect; foolish; witless; destitute of ordinary strength of mind; simple; as a silly man; a silly child.", "2. Proceeding from want of understanding or common judgment; characterized by weakness of folly; unwise; as silly thoughts; silly actions; a silly scheme; writings stupid or silly.", "3. Weak; helpless. After long storms- With which my silly bark was toss'd"], "silver": ["SIL'VER, n.", "1. A metal of a white color and lively brilliancy. It has neither taste nor smell; its specific gravity is 10.552, according to Bergman, but according to Kirwan it is less. A cubic foot weighs about 660 lbs. Its ductility is little inferior to that of gold. It is harder and more elastic that tin of iron. It is found native in thin plates or leaves, or in fine threads, or it is found mieralized by various substances. Great quanitities of the metal are furnished by the mines of South America, and it is found in small quantities in Norway, Germany, Spain, the United State, &c.", "2. Money; coin made of silver.", "3. Any thing of soft splendor. Pallas-piteous of her plaintive cries, In slumber clos'd her silver-streaming eyes.", "SIL'VER, a.", "1. Made of silver; as a silver cup.", "2. White like silver; as silver hair. Others on silver lakes and rivers bath'd Their downy breast.", "3. White, or pale; of a pale luster; as the silver moon.", "4. SOft; as a silver voice or sound."], "silvered": ["SIL'VERED, pp. Covered with a thin coat of silver; rendered smooth and lustrous; made white or a hoary."], "silvering": ["SIL'VERING, ppr. Covering the surface with a thin coat of silver; foliating; rendering mildly lustrous; rendering white.", "SIL'VERING, n. The art, operation or practice of covering the surface of any thing with silver; as the silvering of copper or brass."], "silversmith": ["SIL'VERSMITH, n. One whose occupation is to work'in silver, or in manufactures of which the precious metals form a part."], "similitude": ["SIMIL'ITUDE, n. L. similitudo.", "1. Likeness; resemblance; likeness in nature, qualities of appearance; as similitude of substance. Let us make man in our image, man in our similitude. Fate some future bard shall join in sad similitude of griefs to mine.", "2. Comparison; simile. Tasso, in his similitude, never departed from the woods. See Simile."], "simple": ["SIM'PLE, a. L. simplex; sine, without and plex, plica, doubling, fold;", "1. Single; consisting of one thing; uncompounded; unmingled; uncombined with any thing else; as a simple substance; a simple idea; a simple sound.", "2. Plain; artless; not given to design, stratagem or duplicity; undesigning; sincere; harmless. A simple husbandman in garments gray.", "3. Artless; unaffected; unconstrained; inartificial; plain. In simple manners all the secret lies.", "4. Unadorned; plain; as a simple style or narration; a simple dress.", "5. Not complex or complicated; as a machine of simple construction.", "6. Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; silly. The simple believeth every word; but the prudent looketh well to his going. Prov. 14.", "7. In botany, undivided, as a root, stem or spike; only one on a petiole, as a simple leaf; only one on a peduncle, as a simple flower; having only one set of rays, as an umbel; having only one row of leaflets, as a simple calyx; not plumose or fathered, as a pappus. A simple body, in chemisty, is one that has not been decomposed, or separated into two or more bodies.", "SIM'PLE, n. Something not mixed or compounded. in the materia medica, the genral denomination of an herb or plant. as each vegetable is supposed to possess its particular virtue, and therefore to constitute a simple remedy.", "SIM'PLE, v. i. To gather simples or plants. As simpling on the flowery hills he stray'd."], "simpleness": ["SIM'PLENESS, n.", "1. The state or quality of being simple, single or uncompounded; as the simpleness of the elements.", "2. Artlessness; simplicity;", "3. Weakness of intellect."], "simplicity": ["SIMPLIC'ITY, n. L. simplicitas.", "1. Singleness; the state of being unmixed or uncompounded; as the simplicity of metals or of earths.", "2. The state of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts; as the simplicity of a machine.", "3. Artlessness of mind; freedom from a propensity to cunning or stratagem; freedom from duplicity; sincerity. Marquis Dorset, a man for his harmless simplicity neither misliked nor much regarded.", "4. Plainness; freedom from artificial ornament; as the simplicity of a dress, of style, of language, &c. Simplicity in writing is the first or excellences.", "5. Plainness; freedom from subtilty or abstruseness; as the simplicity of scriptural doctrines or truth.", "6. Weakness of intellect; silliness. Godly simplicity, in Scriptures, is a fair open profession and practice of evangelical truth, with a single view to obedience and to the glory of God."], "sin": ["SIN, n.", "1. The voluntary departure of a moral agent from a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God; any voluntary transgression of the divine law, or violation of a divine command; a wicked act; iniquity. Sin is either a positive act in which a known divine law is violated, or it is the voluntary neglect to obey a positive divine command, or a rule of duty clearly implied in such command. Sin comprehends not action only, but neglect of known duty, all evil thoughts purposes, words and desires, whatever is contrary to God's commands or law. 1 John 3. Matt. 15. James 4. Sinner neither enjoy the pleasures of nor the peace of piety. Among divines, sin is original or actual. Actual sin, above defined, is the act of a moral agent in violating a known rule of duty. Original sin, as generally understood, is native depravity of heart to the divine will, that corruption of nature of deterioration of the moral character of man, which is supposed to be the effect of Adam's apostasy; and which manifests itself in moral agents by positive act of disobedience to the divine will, or by the voluntary neglect to comply with the express commands of God, which require that we should love God with all the heart and soul and strength and mind, and our neighbor as ourselves. This native depravity or alienation of affections from God and his law, is supposed to be what the apostle calls the carnal mind or mindedness, which is enmity against God, and is therefore denominated sin or sinfulness. Unpardonable sin, or blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, is supposed to be a malicious and obstinate rejection of Christ and the gospel plan of salvation, or a contemptuous resistance made to the influences and convictions of the Holy Spirit. Matt.12.", "2. A sin-offering; an offering made to atone for sin. He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor 5.", "3. A man enormously wicked. Not in use.", "4. Sin differs from crime, not in nature, but in application. That which is a crime against society, is sin against God."], "sinful": ["SIN'FUL, a. from sin.", "1. Tainted with sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as sinful men. Ah, sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity! Isa. 1.", "2. Containing sin, or consisting in sin; contrary to the laws of God; as sinful actions; sinful thoughts; sinful words."], "sinfulness": ["SIN'FULNESS, n.", "1. The quality of being sinful or contrary to the divine will; wickedness; iniquity; criminality; as the sinfulness of an action; the sinfulness of thoughts or purposes.", "2. Wickedness; corruption; depravity; as the sinfulness of men or of the human race."], "since": ["SINCE,prep or adv.", "1. After; from the time that. The proper signification of since is after, and its appropriate sense includes the whole period between an event and the present time. I have not seen my brother since January. The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. 30. Holy prophets, who have been since the world began. Luke l. John 9. Since then denotes, during the whole time after an event; or at any particular time during that period.", "2. Ago; past; before this. \"About two years since, an event happened,\" that is, two years having passed.", "3. Because that; this being the fact that. Since truth and constancy are vain, since neither love nor sese of pain nor force of reason can persuade, then let example be obey'd. Since, when it precedes a noun, is called a preposition, but when it precedes sentence it is called an adverb. The truth is, the character of the word is the same in both cases. It is probably an obsolete participle, and according to the usual classification of words, may be properly ranked with the prepositions. In strictness, the last clause of the passage above cited is the case absolute. \"The Lord hath blessed the, since my coming,\" that is, my arrival being past. So, since the world began, is strictly past the world began, the beginning of the world being past. In the first case, since considered as a preposition, has coming, a noun, for its object, and in the latter case, the clause of a sentence. So we say, against your arrival, or against you come."], "sincere": ["SINCE'RE, a. L. sincerus, which is said to be composed of sine, without, and cera, wax; as if applied originally to pure honey.", "1. Pure; unmixed. As new-born babes, desire the sincere milk of the word. 1 Pet. 2. A joy which never was sincere till now. There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. I would have all gallicisms avoided, that our tongue may be sincere. This sense is for the most part obsolete. We use the phrases, sincere joy, sincere pleasure; but we mean by them, unfeigned, real joy or pleasure.", "2. Unhurt; uninjured. The' inviolable body stood sincere.", "3. Being in reality what it appears to be; not feigned; not simulated; not assumed or said for the sake of appearance; real; not hypocritical or pretended. This is the present use of the word. Let your intentions be pure and your declarations sincere. Let love and friendship be sincere. No prayer can avail with a heart-searching God, unless it is sincere."], "sincerely": ["SINCE'RELY, adv. Honestly; with real purity of heart; without simulation or disguise; to love virtue sincerely."], "sincereness": ["SINCE'RENESS, n. Sincerity."], "sincerity": ["SINCER'ITY, n. L. sinceritas.", "1. Honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation or hypocrisy. We may question a man's prudence, when we cannot question his sincerity.", "2. Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise or false pretense; as the sincerity of a declaration or of love."], "sinew": ["SIN'EW, n.", "1. In anatomy, a tendon; that which unites a muscle to a bone.", "2. In the plural, strength; or rather that which supplies strength. Money is the sinews of war.", "3. Muscle; nerve.", "SIN'EW, v.i. To knit as by sinews."], "sinewed": ["SIN'EWED, a.", "1. Furnished with sinews; as a strong-sinewed youth.", "2. Strong; firm; vigorous. When he sees ourselves well sinewed to our defense."], "sing": ["SING, v. i. pret. sung, sang; pp. sung.", "1. To utter sounds with various inflections of melodious modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune The noise of them that sing do I hear Ex. 32.", "2. To utter sweet or melodious sounds, as birds. It is remarkable that the female of no species of birds ever sings. And singing birds in silver cages hung.", "3. To make a small shrill sound; as, the air sings in passing through a crevice. O'er his head the flying spear sung innocent, and spent its force in air.", "4. To tell or relate something in numbers of verse. Sing of human hope by cross event destroy'd.", "SING, v. t.", "1. To utter with musical modulation of voice. And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb. Rev. 15.", "2. To celebrate in song; to give praises to in verse. The last, the happiest British king, whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing.", "3. To relate or rehearse in numbers, verse or poetry. Arms and the man I sing. While stretch'd at ease you sing your happy loves."], "singe": ["SINGE, v.t. sinj. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of a thing as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the skin; as, to singe off the beard. Thus riding on his curls, he seem'd to pass A rolling fire along, and singe the grass.", "SINGE, n. A burning of the surface; a slight burn."], "singed": ["SING'ED, pp. Burnt superficially."], "singeing": ["SING'EING, ppr. Burning the surface."], "singing": ["SING'ING, ppr. Uttering melodious or musical notes; making a shrill sound; celebrating in song; reciting in verse.", "SING'ING, n. The act of uttering sounds with musical inflections; musical articulation; the utterance of melodious notes."], "singingly": ["SING'INGLY, adv. With sounds like singing; with a kind of tune."], "singer": ["SING'ER, n. from sing.", "1. One that sings.", "2. One versed in music, or one whose occupation is to sing; as a chorus of singers.", "3. A bird that sings."], "single": ["SIN'GLE, a.", "1. Separate; one; only; individual; consisting of one only; as a single star; a single city; a single act.", "2. Particular; individual. No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all the rest.", "3. Uncompounded. Simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound.", "4. Alone; having no companion or assistant. Who single hast maintain'd against revolted multitudes the cause of truth.", "5. Unmarried; as a single man; a single woman.", "6. Not double; not complicated; as a single thread; a single strand of a rope.", "7. Performed with one person or antagonist on a side, or with one person only opposed to another; as a single fight; a single combat.", "8. Pure; simple; incorrupt; unbiased; having clear vision of divine truth. Matt. 6.", "9. Small; weak; silly", "10. In botany, a single flower is when there is only one on a stem, and in common usage, one not double."], "singled": ["SIN'GLED, pp. Selected from among a number."], "singleness": ["SIN'GLENESS, n.", "1. The state of being one only or separate from all others; the opposite of doubleness, complication or multiplicity.", "2. Simplicity; sincerity; purity of mind or purpose; freedom from duplicity; as singleness of belief; singleness of heart."], "singular": ["SIN'GULAR, a. L. singularis,from singulus, single.", "1. Single; not complex or compound. That idea which represents one determinate thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple, complex or compound.", "2. In grammar, expressing one person or thing; as the singular number. The singular number stands opposed to dual and plural.", "3. Particular; existing by itself; unexampled; as a singular phenomenon. Your case is hard, but not singular.", "4. Remarkable; eminent; unusual; rare; as a man of singular gravity, or singular attainments.", "SIN'GULAR, n. A particular instance. Unusual."], "singularity": ["SINGULAR'ITY, n.", "1. Peculiarity; some character or quality of a thing by which it is distinguished from all, or from most others. Pliny addeth this singularity to that soil, that the second year the very falling of the seeds yieldeth corn.", "2. An uncommon character or form; something curious or remarkable. I took notice of this little figure for the singularity of the instrument.", "3. Particular privilege, prerogative or distinction. No bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name of singularity, (universal bishop.) Catholicism-must be understood in opposition to the legal singularity of the Jewish nation.", "4. Character or trait of character different from that of others; peculiarity. The singularity of living according to the strict precepts of the gospel is highly to be commended.", "5. Oddity.", "6. Celibacy. Not in use."], "singularize": ["SIN'GULARIZE, v. t. To make single. Not in use."], "sink": ["SINK, v. i. pret. sunk; pp. id. The old pret. sank is nearly obsolete.", "1. To fall by the force of greater gravity, in a medium or substance of less specific gravity; to subside; opposed to swim or float. Some species of wood or timber will sink in water. Oil will not sink in water and many other liquids, for it is specifically lighter. I sink in deep mire. Ps. 69.", "2. To fall gradually. He sunk down in his chariot, II Kings 9.", "3. To enter or penetrate into any body. The stone sunk into his forehead. I Sam. 17.", "4. To fall; to become lower; to subside or settle to a level. The Alps and Pyrenees sink before him.", "5. To be overwhelmed or depressed. Our country sinks beneath the yoke.", "6. To enter deeply; to be impressed. Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke 9.", "7. To become deep; to retire or fall within the surface of any thing; as, the eyes sink into the head.", "8. To fall; to decline; to decay; to decrease. A free state gradually sinks into ruin. It is the duty of government to revive a sinking commerce. Let not the fire sink or slacken.", "9. To fall into rest or indolence; as, to sink away in pleasing dreams.", "10. To be lower; to fall; as, the price of land will sink in time of peace.", "SINK, v.t.", "1. To put under water; to immerse in a fluid; as, to sink a ship.", "2. To make by digging or delving; as, to sink a pit or a well.", "3. To depress; to degrade. His vices sink him in infamy, or in public estimation.", "4. To plunge into destruction. If I have a conscience, let it sink me.", "5. To cause to fall or to be plunged.", "6. To bring low; to reduce in quantity. You sunk the river with repeated draughts.", "7. To depress; to overbear; to crush. This would sink the spirit of a hero.", "8. To diminish; to lower or lessen; to degrade. I mean not that we should sink our figure out of covetousness.", "9. To cause to decline or fail. Thy cruel and unnat'ral lust of power has sunk thy father more than all his years.", "10. To suppress; to conceal; to intervert. If sent with ready money to buy any thing, and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. Unusual.", "11. To depress to lower in value or amount. Great importations may sink the price of goods.", "12. To reduce; to pay; to diminish or annihilate by payment; as, to sink the nation debt.", "13. To waste; to dissipate; as, to sink an estate.", "SINK, n.", "1. A drain to carry off filthy water; a jakes.", "2. A kind of bason of stone or wood to receive filthy water."], "sinking": ["SINK'ING, ppr. Falling; subsiding; depressing; declining. Sinking fund, in fiance, a fund created for sinking or paying a public debt, or purchasing the stock for the government."], "sinner": ["SIN'NER, n.", "1. One that has voluntarily violated the divine law; a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any divine precept, or neglected any known duty.", "2. It is used in contradistinction to saint, to denote an unregenerate person; one who has not received the pardon of his sins.", "3. AN offender; a criminal.", "SIN'NER, v.i. To act as a sinner; in ludicrous language. Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it."], "sir": ["SIR, n. sur.", "1. A word or respect used in addresses to men, as madam is in addresses to women. It signifies properly lord, corresponding to dominus in Latin, in Spanish, and herr in German. It is used in the singular or plural. Speak on, sir. But sirs, be sudden in the execution.", "2. The title of a knight or baronet; as Sir Horace Vere.", "3. It is used by Shakespeare for man. In the election of a sir so rare. Not in use.", "4. In American colleges, the title of a master of arts.", "5. It is prefixed to loin, in sirloin; as a sirloin of beef. This practice is said to have originated in the knighting of a loin of beef by one of the English kings in a fit of good humor.", "6. Formerly the title or a priest."], "sister": ["SIS'TER, n.", "1. A female born of the same patents; correlative to brother.", "2. A woman of the same faith; a female fellow christian. If a brother or sister be naked and destitute of daily food. James 2.", "3. A female of the same kind.", "4. One of the same kind, or of the same condition; as sister-fruits.", "5. A female of the same society; as the nuns of a convent.", "SIS'TER, v.t. To resemble closely.", "SIS'TER, v.i. To be akin; to be near to. Little used."], "sit": ["SIT, v.i. pret. sat; old pp. sitten L. sedeo.", "1. To rest upon the buttocks, as animals; as, to sit on a sofa or on the ground.", "2. To perch; to rest on the feet; as fowls.", "3. To occupy a seat or place in an official capacity. The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat. Matt. 23.", "4. To be in a state of rest or idleness. Shall your brethren go to war, and shall ye sit here? Num. 32.", "5. To rest, lie or bear on, as a weight or burned; as, grief sits heavy on his heart.", "6. To settle; to rest; to abide. Pale horror sat on each Arcadian face.", "7. To incubate; to cover and warm eggs for hatching; as a fowl. As the partridge sitteth on eggs and hatcheth them not- Jer. 17.", "8. To be adjusted; to be, with respect to fitness or unfitness; as, a coat sits well or ill. This new and gorgeous garment, majesty, sits not so easy on me as you think.", "9. To be placed in order to be painted; as, to sit for one's picture.", "10. To be in any situation or condition. Suppose all the church lands to be thrown up to the laity; would the tenants sit easier in their rents than now?", "11. To hold a session; to be officially engaged in public business; as judges, legislators or officers of any kind. The house of commons sometimes sits till late at night. The judges or the courts sit in Westminster hall. The commissioners sit every day.", "12. To exercise authority; as, to sit in judgment. One council sits upon life and death.", "13. To be in any assembly or council as a member; to have a seat.", "14. To be in a local position. The wind sits fair. Unusual"], "sitting": ["SIT'TING, ppr.", "1. Resting on the buttocks, or on the feet, as fowls; incubating; brooding; being in the actual exercise of authority, or being assembled for that purpose.", "2. a. In botany, sessile."], "sith": ["SITH, adv. Since; in later times."], "sithe": ["SITHE, n. Time.", "SITHE, See Sythe."], "sithes": ["SITH'ENCE, SITH'ES, adv. Since; in later times."], "situate": ["SIT'UATE, a. L. situs, sedeo.", "1. Placed, with respect to any other object; as a town situate on a hill or on the sea shore.", "2. Placed; consisting. Pleasure situate in hill and dale", "Note. In the United States, this word is less used than situated, but both are well authorized."], "situated": ["SIT'UATED, a. See Siluate.", "1. Seated, placed or standing with respect to any other object; as a city situated on a declivity, or in front of a lake; a town well situated for trade or manufactures; an observatory well situated for observation of the stars. New York is situated in the forty first degree of N. latitude.", "2. Placed or being in any state or condition with regard to men or things. Observe how the executor is situated with respect to the heirs."], "situation": ["SITUA'TION, n.", "1. Position; seat; location in respect to something else. The situation of London is more favorable for foreign commerce than that of Paris. The situation of a stranger among people of habits differing from his own, cannot be pleasant.", "2. State; condition. He enjoys a situation of ease and tranquility.", "3. Circumstances; temporary state; used of persons in a dramatic scene.", "4. Place; office. He has a situation in the war department, or under government."], "sivan": ["SIV'AN, n. The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to part of our May and part of June."], "six": ["SIX, a. L. sex; Twice three; one more than five."], "sixscore": ["SIX'SCORE, a. six and score. Six times twenty; one hundred and twenty."], "sixteen": ["SIX'TEEN, a. Six and ten; noting the sum of six and ten."], "sixth": ["SIXTH, a. The first after the fifth; the ordinal of six.", "SIXTH, n.", "1. The sixth part.", "2. In music, a hexachord, as interval of two kinds; the minor sixth, consisting of three tones and two semitones major, and the major sixth, composed of four tones and a major semitone."], "sixtieth": ["SIXTIETH, a. The ordinal of sixty."], "sixty": ["SIX'TY, a. Ten times six."], "size": ["SIZE, n. either contracted from assize, or from the L. scissus. I take it to be from the former, and from the sense of setting, as we apply the word to the assize of bread.", "1. Bulk; bigness; magnitude; extent of superficies. Size particularly expresses thickness; as the size of a tree or of a mast; the size of a ship or of a rock. A man may be tall, with little size of body.", "2. A settled quantity of allowance. contracted from assize.", "3. Figurative bulk; condition as to rank and character; as men of less size and quality. Not much used."], "sized": ["SI'ZED, pp.", "1. Adjusted according to size; prepared with size.", "2. a. Having a particular magnitude. And as my love is siz'd my fear is so. Note. This word is used in compounds; as large-sized, common-sized, middle-sized, & c."], "skill": ["SKILL, n. Calleo, that is to strain, stretch, reach, and with to perfect, that is, to make sound, or to reach the utmost limit. The sense of folly, error, sin, preverseness, is from wandering, deviation.", "1. The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united with readiness and dexterity in execution or performance, or in the application of the art or science to practical purposes. Thus we speak of the skill of a mathematician, of a surveyor, of a physician or surgeon, of a mechanic or seaman. So we speak of skill in management or negotiation.", "2. Any particular art."], "skilled": ["SKILL'ED, a. Having familiar knowledge united with readiness and dexterity in the application of it; familiarly acquainted with; followed by in; as a professor skilled in logic or geometry; one skilled in the art of engraving."], "skillful": ["SKILL'FUL, a.", "1. Knowing; well versed in any art; hence, dextrous; able in management; able to perform nicely any manual operation in the arts or professions; as a skillful mechanic; a skillful operator in surgery.", "2. Well versed in practice; as a skillful physician.", "It is followed by at or in; as skillful at the organ; skillful in drawing."], "skillfulness": ["SKILL'FULNESS, n. The quality of possessing skill; dextrousness; ability to perform well in any art or business, or to manage affairs with judgement and exactness, or according to good taste or just rules; knowledge and ability derived from experience."], "skilling": ["SKIL'LING, n. An isle or bay of a barn; also, a skight addition to a cottage"], "skin": ["SKIN, n.", "1. The natural covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or scarf-skin, the rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide. The cuticle is very thin and insensible; the cutis is thicker and very sensible.", "2. A hide; a pelt; the skin of an animal separated from the body, whether green, dry or tanned.", "3. The body; the person; in ludicrous language", "4. The bark or husk of a plant; the exterior coat of fruits and plants.", "SKIN, v.t.", "1. To strip off the skin or hide; to flay; to peel.", "2. To cover with skin.", "3. to cover superficially.", "SKIN, v.i. To be covered with skin; as a wound skins over."], "skinned": ["SKIN'NED, pp.", "1. Stripped of the skin; flayed", "2. Covered with skin."], "skip": ["SKIP, v.i. To leap; to bound; to spring; as a goat or lamb.", "To skip over, to pass without notice; to omit.", "SKIP, v.t. To pass over or by; to omit; to miss."], "skipping": ["SKIP'PING, ppr. Leaping; bounding. Skipping notes, in music, are notes that are not in regular course, but separate."], "skippingly": ["SKIP'PINGLY, adv. by leaps."], "skirt": ["SKIRT, n.", "1. The lower and loose part of a coat or other garment; the part below the waist; as the skirt of a coat or mantle. 1 Sam.15.", "2. The edge of any part of dress.", "3. Border; edge; margin; extreme part; as the skirt of a forest; the skirt of a town.", "4. A woman's garment like a petticoat.", "5. The diaphragm or midriff in animals.", "To spread the skirt over, in Scripture, to take under one's care and protection Ruth.3.", "SKIRT, v.t. To border; to form the border or edge; or to run along the edge; as a plain skirted by rows of trees; a circuit skirted round with wood.", "SKIRT, v.i. To be on the border; to live near the extremity.", "Savages--who skirt along our western frontiers."], "skirted": ["SKIRT'ED, pp. Bordered."], "skirting": ["SKIRT'ING, ppr. Bordering; forming a border."], "skull": ["SKULL, n.", "1. The bone that forms the exterior of the head, and incloses the brain; the brain-pan. It is composed of several parts united at the sutures.", "2. A person.", "Skulls that cannot teach and will not learn.", "3. Skull, for skeal or school, of fish"], "sky": ["SKY, n.", "1. The aerial region which surrounds the earth; the apparent arch or vault of heaven, which in a clear day is of a blue color.", "2. The heavens.", "3. The weather; the climate.", "4. A cloud; a shadow."], "slack": ["SLACK, a.", "1. Not tense; not hard drawn; not firmly extended; as a slack rope; slack rigging; slack shrouds.", "2. Weak; remiss; not holding fast; as a slack hand.", "3. Remiss; backward; not using due diligence; not earnest or eager; as slack in duty or service; slack in business.", "4. Not violent; not rapid; slow; as a slack pace."], "slackness": ["SLACK'NESS, n.", "1. Looseness; the state opposite to tension; not tightness or rigidness; as the slackness of a cord or rope.", "2. Remissness; negligence; inattention; as the slackness of men in business or duty; slackness in the performance of engagements.", "3. Slowness; tardiness; want of tendency; as the slackness of flesh to heal.", "4. Weakness; not intenseness."], "slain": ["SLAIN, pp. of slay; so written for slayen. Killed."], "slander": ["SLA'NDER, n.", "1. A false tale or report maliciously uttered. and tending to injure the reputation of another by lessening him in the esteem of his fellow citizens, by exposing min to impeachment and punishment, or by impairing his means of lining; defamation. Slander, that worst of poisons, ever finds an easy entrance to ignoble minds.", "2 Disgrace; reproach; disreputation; ill name.", "SLA'NDER, v.t. To defame; to injure by maliciously uttering a false report respecting one; to tarnish or impair the reputation of one by false tales, maliciously told or propagated."], "slandered": ["SLA'NDERED, pp. Defamed; injured in good name by false and malicious reports."], "slanderer": ["SLA'NDERER, n. A defamer; one who injures another by maliciously reporting something to his prejudice."], "slandering": ["SLA'NDERING, ppr. Defaming."], "slanderous": ["SLA'NDEROUS, a.", "1. That utters defamatory words or tales; as a slanderous tongue.", "2. Containing slander or defamation; calumnious; as slanderous words, speeches or reports, false and maliciously uttered.", "3. Scandalous; reproachful."], "slanderously": ["SL'ANDEROUSLY, adv. With slander; calumniously; with false and malicious reproach."], "slanderousness": ["SL'ANDEROUSNESS, n. The state or quality of being slanderous or defamatory."], "slang": ["SLANG, old pret. of sling. We now use slung.", "SLANG, n. Low vulgar unmeaning language. Low."], "slaughter": ["SLAUGHTER, n. slaw'ter See Slay.", "1. In a general sense, a killing. Applied to men, slaughter usually denotes great destruction of life by violent means; as the slaughter of men in battle.", "2. Applied to beasts, butchery; a killing of oxen or other beasts for market.", "SLAUGHTER, v.t. slaw'ter.", "1. To kill; to slay; to make great destruction of life; as , to slaughter men in battle.", "2. To butcher; to kill for the market; as beasts."], "slaughtered": ["SLAUGHTERED, pp. slaw'tered. Slain; butchered."], "slaughtering": ["SLAUGHTERING, ppr. slaw'tering, Killing; destroying human life; butchering,"], "slaughterous": ["SLAUGHTEROUS, a. slaw'terous. Destructive; murderous."], "slave": ["SLAVE, n.", "1. A person who is wholly subject to the will of another; one who has no will of his own, but whose person and services are wholly under the control of another. In the early state of the world, and to this day among some barbarous nations, prisoners of war are considered and treated as slaves. The slaves of modern times are more generally purchased, like horses and oxen.", "2. One who has lost the poser of resistance; or one who surrenders himself to any power whatever; as a slave to passion, to lust, to ambition.", "3. A mean person; one in the lowest state of life.", "4. A drudge; one who labors like a slave.", "SLAVE, v.i. To drudge; to toil; to labor as a slave."], "slay": ["SLAY, v.t. pret. slew; pp. slain. The proper sense is to strike, and as beating was an early mode of killing, this word, like smite, came to signify to kill. It seems to be formed on the root of lay; as we say to lay on.", "1. To kill; to put to death by a weapon or by violence. We say, he slew a man with a sword, with a stone, or with a club, or with other arms; but we never say, the serif slays a malefactor with a halter, or a man is slain on the gallows or by poison. So the slay retains something of its primitive sense of striking or beating. It is particularly applied to killing in battle, but is properly applied also to the killing of a individual man or beast.", "2. To destroy."], "slaying": ["SLA'YING, ppr. Killing; destroying life."], "slayer": ["SLA'YER, n. One that slays; a killer; a murderer; an assassin; a destroyer of life."], "sleep": ["SLEEP, v.i. pret. and pp. slept.", "1. To take rest by a suspension of the voluntary exercise of the powers of the body and mind. The proper time to sleep in during the darkness of night.", "2. To rest; to be unemployed; to be inactive or motionless; as, the sword sleeps in its sheath.", "3. To rest; to lie or be still; not to be noticed or agitated. The question sleeps for the present.", "4. To live thoughtlessly. We sleep over our happiness.", "5. To be dead; to rest in the grave for a time. I Thess. 4.", "6. To be careless, inattentive or unconcerned; not be vigilant.", "SLEEP, n. That state of an animal in which the voluntary exertion of his mental and corporeal powers is suspended, and he rests unconscious of what passes around him, and not affected by the ordinary impressions of external objects. Sleep is generally attended with a relaxation of the muscles, but the involuntary motions, as respiration and the circulation of the blood, are continued. The mind is often very active in sleep; but its powers not being under the control of reason, its exercises are very irregular. Sleep is the natural rest or repose intended by the Creator to restore the powers of the body and mind, when exhausted or fatigued."], "sleepful": ["SLEE'PFUL, a. Strongly inclined to sleep. Little used."], "sleepfulness": ["SLEE'PFULNESS, n. Strong inclination to sleep. Little used."], "sleeping": ["SLEE'PING, ppr. Resting; reposing in sleep.", "SLEE'PING, n. The state of resting in sleep."], "sleeper": ["SLEE'PER, n.", "1. A person that sleeps; also, a drone or lazy person.", "2. That which lies dormant, as a law not executed. Not in use.", "3. AN animal that lies dormant in winter, as the bear, the marmot, & c.", "4. In building, the oblique rafter that lies in a gutter,", "5. In New England, a floor timber.", "6. In ship-building, a thick piece of timber placed longitudinally in a ship's hold, opposite the several scarfs of the timbers, for strengthening the bows and stern-frame, particularly in the Greenland ships; or a piece of long compass-timber fayed and bolted diagonally upon the transoms.", "7. In the glass trade, a large iron bar crossing the smaller ones, hindering the passage of coals, but leaving room for the ashes.", "8. A platform.", "9. A fish. exocatus."], "sleight": ["SLEIGHT, n. slite.", "1. An artful trick; sly artifice; a trick or feat so dexterously performed that the manner of performance escapes observation; as sleight of hand.", "2. Dexterous practice; dexterity."], "sleightful": ["SLEIGHTFUL, SLEIGHTY, a. Artful; cunningly dexterous."], "slept": ["SLEPT, pret. and pp. of sleep."], "slew": ["SLEW, pret. of slay."], "slide": ["SLIDE, v.i. pret. slid; pp. slid, slidden.", "1. To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or without bounding or rolling; to slip; to glide; as, a sled slides on snow and ice; a snow-slip slides down the mountain's side.", "2. To move along the surface without stepping; as, a man slides on ice.", "3. To pass inadvertently. Make a door and a bar for thy mouth; beware thou slide not by it.", "4. To pass smoothly along without jerks or agitation; as, a ship or boat slides through the water.", "5. To pass in silent unobserved progression. Ages shall slide away without perceiving.", "6. To pass silently and gradually from one state to another; as, to slide insensibly into vicious practices, or into the customs of others.", "7. To pass without difficulty or obstruction. Parts answ'ring parts shall slide into a whole.", "8. To practice sliding or moving on ice. They bathe in summer and in winter slide.", "9. To slip; to fall.", "10. To pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course or flow.", "SLIDE, v.t.", "1. To slip; to pass or put in imperceptibly; as, to slide in a word to vary the sense of a question.", "2. To thrust along; or to thrust by slipping; as, to slide along a piece of timber.", "SLIDE, n.", "1. A smooth and easy passage; also, a slider.", "2. Flow; even course."], "sliding": ["SLI'DING, ppr. Moving along the surface by slipping; gliding; passing smoothly, easily or imperceptibly.", "SLI'DING, n. Lapse; falling; used in backsliding."], "slightly": ["SLIGHTLY, adv.", "1. Weakly; superficially; with inconsiderable force or effect; in a small degree; as a man slightly wounded; an audience slightly affected with preaching.", "2. Negligently; without regard; with moderate contempt."], "slime": ["SLIME, n. L. limus. Soft moist earth having an adhesive quality; viscous mud. The had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar. Gen 11."], "sling": ["SLING, n.", "1. An instrument for throwing stones, consisting of a strap and two strings; the stone being lodged in the strap, is thrown by losing one of the strings With a sling and a stone David killed Goliath.", "2. A throw; a stroke.", "3. A kind of hanging bandage put round the neck, in which a wounded limb is sustained.", "4. A rope by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out of a ship", "5. A drink composed of equal parts of rum or spirit and water sweetened.", "SLING, v.t. pret. and pp. slung. The primary sense seems to be to swing.", "1. To throw with a sling.", "2. To throw; to hurl.", "3. To hang so as to swing; as, to sling a pack.", "4. To move or swing by a rope which suspends the thing."], "slinging": ["SLING'ING, ppr. Throwing with a sling; hanging so as to swing; moving by a sling."], "slinger": ["SLING'ER, n. One who slings or uses the sling."], "slip": ["SLIP, v.i. L. labor, to slide.", "1. To slide; to glide; to move along the surface of a thing without bounding, rolling or stepping.", "2. To slide; not to tread firmly. Walk carefully, lest your foot should slip.", "3. TO move or fly out of place; usually without; as, a bone may slip out of its place.", "4. To sneak; to slink; to depart or withdraw secretly; with away. Thus one tradesman slips away to give his partner fairer play.", "5. To err; to fall into error or fault. One slippeth in his speech, but not from his heart.", "6. To glide; to pass unexpectedly or imperceptibly. And thrice the flitting shadow slipp'd away.", "7. To enter by oversight. An error may slip into a copy, notwithstanding all possible car.", "8. To escape insensibly; to be lost. Use the most proper methods to retain the ideas you have acquired, for the mind is ready to let many of them slip."], "slipperiness": ["SLIP'PERINESS, n.", "1. The state or quality of being slippery; lubricity; smoothness; glibness; as the slipperiness of ice or snow; the slipperiness of the tongue.", "2. Uncertainty; want of firm footing.", "3. Lubricity of character."], "slippery": ["SLIP'PERY, a.", "1. Smooth; glib; having the quality opposite to adhesiveness; as, oily substances render things slippery.", "2. Not affording firm footing or confidence; as a slippery promise. The slipp'ry tops of human state.", "3. Not easily held; liable or apt to slip away. The slipp'ry god will try to loose his hold.", "4. Not standing firm, as slippery standers.", "5. Unstable; changeable; mutable; uncertain; as the slippery state of kings.", "6. Not certain in its effect; as a slippery trick.", "7. Lubrious; wanton; unchaste."], "sloth": ["SLOTH, n.", "1. Slowness; tardiness I abhor this dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome.", "2. Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness; idleness. They change their course to pleasure, ease and sloth. Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears.", "3. An animal, so called from the remarkable slowness of his motions. There are two species of this animal; the ai or three toed sloth, and the unau or two toed sloth; both found in South America. It is said that its greatest speed seldom exceeds three yard an hour. it feeds on vegetables and ruminates.", "SLOTH, v.i. To be idle. Not in use."], "slothful": ["SLOTH'FUL, a. Inactive; sluggish; lazy; indolent; idle. He that is slothful in his work, is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov. 18."], "slothfulness": ["SLOTH'FULNESS, n. The indulgence of sloth; inactivity; the habit of idleness; laziness. Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep. Prov. 19."], "slow": ["SLOW, a.", "1. Moving a small distance in a long time; not swift; not quick in motion; not rapid; as a slow stream; a slow motion.", "2. Late; not happening in short time. These changes in the heavens though slow, produc'd like change on sea and land, sidereal blast.", "3. Not ready; not prompt or quick; as slow of speech, and slow of tongue. Ex. 4.", "4. Dull; in active; tardy. The Trojans are not slow to guard their shore from an expected foe.", "5. Not hasty; not precipitate; acting with deliberation. The Lord is merciful, slow to anger. He that is slow the wrath is of great understanding. Prov. 14.", "6. Dull; heavy in wit.", "7. Behind in time; indicating a time later than the true time; as, the clock or watch is slow.", "8.Not advancing, growing or improving rapidly; as the slow growth of arts and sciences."], "slowness": ["SLOWNESS, n.", "1. Moderate motion; want of speed or velocity. Swifness and slowness are relative ideas.", "2. Tardy advance; moderate progression; as the slowness of an operation; slowness of growth or improvement.", "3. Dullness to admit conviction or affection; as slowness of heart.", "4. Want of readiness or promptness; dullness of intellect.", "5. Deliberation; coolness; caution in deciding.", "6. Dilatoriness; tardiness."], "slowly": ["SLOWLY, adv.", "1. With moderate motion; not rapidly; not with velocity or celerity; as, to walk slowly.", "2. Not soon; not early; not in a little time; not with hasty advance; as a country that rises slowly into importance.", "3. Not hastily; not rashly; not with precipitation; as, he determines slowly.", "4. Not promptly; not readily; as, he learns slowly.", "5. Tardily; with slow progress. The building proceeds slowly."], "sluggard": ["SLUG'GARD, n. from slug and ard, slow kind. A person habitually lazy, idle and inactive; a drone.", "SLUG'GARD, a. Sluggish; lazy."], "sluggardize": ["SLUG'GARDIZE, v.t. To make lazy. Little used."], "sluice": ["SLUICE, SLUSE, n. L. claudo, clausi, clausus; Low L. exclusa. The most correct orthography is sluse.", "1. The stream of water issuing through a flood-gate; or the gate itself. If the word had its origin in shutting; it denoted the frame of boards or planks which closes the opening of a mill dam; but I believe it is applied to the stream, the gate and channel. It is a common saying, that a rapid stream runs like a sluse.", "2. An opening; a source of supply; that through which any thing flows. Each sluice of affluent fortune open'd soon."], "slumber": ["SLUM'BER, v.i.", "1. To sleep lightly; to doze. He that keepth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep. Ps. 121.", "2. To sleep. Slumber is used as synonymous with sleep, particularly in the poetic and eloquent style.", "3. To be in a state of negligence, sloth, supineness or inactivity. Why slumbers Pope?"], "slumberer": ["SLUM'BERER, n. One that slumbers."], "slumbering": ["SLUM'BERING, ppr. Dozing; sleeping."], "slumberous": ["SLUM'BEROUS, SLUM'BERY, a.", "1. Inviting or causing sleep; soporiferous. While pensive in the slumberous shade", "2. Sleep; not waking."], "small": ["SMALL, a.", "1. Slender; thin; fine; of little diameter; hence in general, litte in size or quantity; not great; as a small house; a small horse; a small farm; a small body; small particles.", "2. Minute; slender; fine; as a small voice.", "3. Little in degree; as small improvement; small acquirements; the trouble is small. Ther arose no small stir about that way. Acts 9.", "4. Being of little moment, weight or importance; as, it is a small matter or thing; a small subject.", "5. Of little genius or ability; petty; as a small poet or musician.", "6. Short; containing little; as a small essay.", "7. Little in amount; as a small sum; a small price.", "8. Containing little of the principal quality, or little strenghth; weak; as small beer.", "9. Gentle; soft; not loud. I Kings 19.", "10. Mean; base; unworthy.", "SMALL, n. The small or slender part of a thing; as the small of the leg or of the back.", "SMALL, v.t. To make little or less. Not in use."], "smallness": ["SMALL'NESS, n. Littleness of size or extent; littleness of quantity; as the smallness of a fly or of a horse; the smallness of a hill.", "2. Littleness in degree; as the smallness of trouble or pain.", "3. Littleness in force or strength; weakness; as smallness of mind or intellectual powers.", "4. Fineness; softness; melodiousness; as the smallness of a female voice.", "5. Littleness in amount of value; as the smallness of a sum.", "6. Littleness of importance; inconsideratbleness; as the smallness of an affair."], "smart": ["SM'ART, n. This word is probably formed on the root of L. amarus, bitter, that is, sharp.", "1. Quick, pungent, lively pain; a pricking local pain, as the pain from puncture by nettles; as the smart of bodily punishment.", "2. Severe pungent pain of mind; pungent grief; as the smart of affliction.", "SM'ART, v.i.", "1. To feel a lively pungent pain, particularly a pungent local pain from some piercing or irritating application. Thus Cayeene pepper applied to the tongue makes it smart.", "2. To feel a pungent pain of mind; to feel sharp pain; as, to smart under sufferings.", "3. To be punished; to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any thing. He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. 11.", "SM'ART, a.", "1. Pungent; pricking; causing a keen local pain; as a smart lash or stroke; a smart quality or taste.", "2. Keen; severe; poignant; as smart pain or sufferings.", "3. Quick; vigorous; sharp; severe; as a smart skirmish.", "4. Brisk; fresh; as a smart breeze.", "5. Acute and pertinent; witty; as a smart reply; a smart saying.", "6. Brisk; vivacious; as a smart rhetorician. Who, for the poor renown of being smart, would leave a sting within a brother's heart?", "SM'ART, n. A cant word for a fellow that affects briskness and vivacity."], "smartness": ["SM'ARTNESS, n.", "1. The quality of being smart or pungent; poignancy; as the smartness of pain.", "2. Quickness; vigor; as the smartness of a blow.", "3. Liveliness; briskness; vivacity; wittiness; as the smartness of a reply or of a phrase."], "smell": ["SMELL, v.t. pret and pp. smelled, smelt. I have not found this word in any other language. TO perceive by the nose, or by the olfactory nerves; to have a sensation excited in certain organs of the nose by particular qualities of a body, which are transmitted in fine particles, often form a distance; as, to smell a rose; to smell perfumes."], "smelled": ["SMELL'ED, SMELT, pret. and pp. of smell."], "smite": ["SMITE, v.t. pret. smote; pp. smitten, smil. This verb is the L. mitto.", "1. To strike; to throw, drive or force against, as the fist or hand, a stone or a weapon; to reach with a blow or a weapon; as, to smite one with the fist; to smite with a rod or with a stone. Whoever shall smite thee on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt. 5.", "2. To kill; to destroy the life of by beating or by weapons of any kind; as, to smite one with the sword, or with an arrow or other engine. David smote Goliath with a sling and a stone. The Philistines were often smitten with great slaughter. This word, like slay, usually or always signification, that of beating, striking, the primitive mode of killing. We never apply it to the destruction of life by poison, by accident or by legal execution.", "3. To blast; to destroy life; as by a stroke or by something sent. The flax and the barley were smitten. Ex. 9.", "4. To afflict; to chasten; to punish. Let us not mistake God's goodness, nor imagine, because he smites us, that we are forsaken by him.", "5. To strike or affect with passion. See what the charms that smite the simple heart. Smit with the love of sister arts we came."], "smiter": ["SMI'TER, n. One who smites or strikes. I gave my back to the smiters. Is. 50."], "smith": ["SMITH, n.", "1. Literally, the striker, the beater; hence, one who forges with the hammer; one who works in metals; as an iron-smith; gold-smith; silver-smith, &c. Nor yet the smith hath learn'd to form a sword.", "2. He that makes or effects any thing.", "Hence the name Smith, which, from the number of workmen employed in working metals in early ages, is supposed to be more common than any other.", "SMITH, v.t. To beat into shape; to forge. Not in use."], "smithing": ["SMITH'ING, n. The act or art of working a mass of iron into the intended shape."], "smitten": ["SMITTEN, pp. of smite, smit'n.", "1. Struck; killed.", "2. Affected with some passion; excited by beauty or someting impressive."], "smoke": ["SMOKE, n.", "1. The exhalation, visble vapor or substance that escapes or is expelled in combustion from the substance burning. It is paricularly applied to the volatile matter expelled from vegetable matter, or wood coal, peat, &c. The matter expelled from metallic substances is more generally called fume,fumes.", "2. Vapor; water exhalations.", "SMOKE, v.i.", "1. To emit smoke; to throw off volatile matter in the form of vapor or exhalation. Wood and other fuel smokes when burning; amd smokes most when there is the least flame.", "2. To burn; to be kindled; to rage; in Scripture. The anger of the Lord and his jealousy snall smoke against that man. Deut. 29.", "3. To raise a dust or smoke by rapid motion. Proud of his steeds, be smokes along the field.", "4. To smell or hunt out; to suspect. I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers. Little used.", "5. To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar, by kindling the tobacco, drawing the smoke into the mouth and puffing it out.", "6. TO suffer; to be punished. Some of you shall smoke for it in Rome."], "smoked": ["SMO'KED, pp. Cured, cleansed or dried in smoke."], "smoking": ["SMO'KING, ppr.", "1. Emitting smoke, as fuel, &c.", "2. Applying smoke for cleansing, drying, &c.", "3. Using tobacco in a pipe or cigar."], "smooth": ["SMOOTH, a. L. mitis.", "1. Having an even surface, or a surface so even that no roughness or points are perceptible to the touch; not rough; as smooth glass; smooth porcelain. The out lines must be smooth, imperceptible to the touch.", "2. To free from obstruction; to make easy. Thou, Abelard, the last sad office pay, And smooth my passage to the realms of day.", "3. To free from harshness; to make flowing. In their motions harmony divine so smooths her charming tones.'", "4. To palliate; to soften; as, to smooth a fault.", "5. To calm; to mollify; to allay. Each perturbation smooth'd with outward calm.", "6. To ease. The difficulty smoothed.", "7. To flatter; to soften with blandishments. Because I cannot flatter and look fair, smile in men's faces, smooth, deceive and coy."], "smoothed": ["SMOOTH'ED, pp. Made smooth."], "smoothness": ["SMOOTH'NESS, n.", "1. Evenness of suface; freedom from roughness or asperity; as the smoothness of a floor or wall; smoothness of the skin; smoothness of the water.", "2. Softness or mildness to the palate; as the smoothness of wine.", "3. Softness and sweetness of numbers; easy flow of words. Virgil, though smooth where smoothness is required, is far from affecting it.", "4. Mildness or gentleness of speech; blandness of address."], "smote": ["SMOTE, pret. of smite."], "snail": ["SNAIL, n.", "1. A slimy slow creeping animal, of the genus Helix, and order of Mollusca. The eyes of this insect are in the horns, one at the end of each, which it can retract at pleasure.", "2. A drone; a slow moving person."], "snare": ["SNARE, n.", "1. An instrument for catching animals, particularly fowls, by the leg. It consists of a cord or string with slip-knots, in which the leg is entangled. A snare is not a net.", "2. Any thing by which one is entangled and brought into troble. I Cor. 7. A fool's lip are the snare of his soul. Prov. 18.", "SNARE, v.t. To catch with a snare; to ensnare; to entangle; to bring into unexpected evil, perplexity or danger. The wicked is snared in the work of his own hands. Ps. 9."], "snared": ["SNA'RED, pp. Entangled; unexpectedly involved in difficulty."], "snaring": ["SNA'RING, ppr. Entangling; ensnaring."], "snatch": ["SNATCH, v.t. pret. and pp. snatched or snacht.", "1. To seize hastily or abruptly. When half our knowledge we must snatch, not take.", "2. To seize without permission or ceremony; as, to snatch a kiss.", "3. To seize and transport away; as, snatch me to heaven.", "SNATCH, v.i. To catch at; to attempt to seize suddenly. Nay, the ladies too will be snatching. He shall snatch on the right hand, and be hungry. Is. 9.", "SNATCH, n.", "1. A hasty catch or seizing.", "2. A catching at or attempt to seize suddenly.", "3. A short fit of vigorous action; as a snatch as weeding after a shower.", "4. A broken or interrupted action; a short fit or turn. They move by fits and snatches. We have often little snatches of sunshine.", "5. A shuffling answer. Little used."], "snatched": ["SNATCH'ED, pp. Seized suddenly and violently."], "snatching": ["SNATCH'ING, ppr. Seized hastily or abruptly; catching at."], "snatchingly": ["SNATCH'INGLY, adv. By snatching; hastily; abruptly."], "sneeze": ["SNEEZE, v.i.", "To emit air through the nose audibly and violently, by a kind of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irriatation of the inner membrance of the nose. Thus snuff or any thing that tickles the nose, makes one sneeze."], "sneezing": ["SNEE'ZING, ppr. Emitting air from the nose audibly.", "SNEE'ZING, n. The act of ejecting air violently and audibly through the nose; sternutation."], "snort": ["SNORT, v.i.", "1. To force the air with violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as high spirited horses in prancing and play.", "2. To snore. Not common.", "SNORT, v.t. To turn up in anger, scorn or derision, as the nose. Unusual."], "snorting": ["SNORT'ING, ppr. Forcing the air violently through the nose.", "SNORT'ING, n. The act of forcing the air through the nose with violence and noise. Jer. 8."], "snout": ["SNOUT, n.", "1. The long projecting nose of a beast, as that of swine.", "2. The nose of a man; in contempt.", "3. The nozzle or end of a hollow pipe.", "SNOUT, v.t. To furnish with a nozzle or point."], "snouted": ["SNOUT'ED, a. Having a snout."], "snow": ["SNOW, n. L. nix,nivis; The Latin nivis, is contracted from nigis, like Eng. bow.", "1. Frozen vapor; watery particles congealed into white crystals in the air, and falling to the earth. When there is no wind, these crystals fall in flakes or unbroken collections, sometimes extremely beautiful.", "2. A vessel equipped with two masts, resembling the main and fore-masts of a ship, and a third small mast just abaft the mainmast, carrying a try-sail.", "SNOW, v.i. To fall in snow; as, it snows; it snowed yesterday.", "SNOW, v.t. To scatter like snow."], "snowy": ["SNOWY, a.", "1. White like snow.", "2. Abounding with snow; covered with snow. The snowy top of cold Olympus.", "3. White; pure; unblemished."], "snuffer": ["SNUFF'ER, n. One that snuffs."], "snuffers": ["SNUFFERS, n. plu. An instrument for cropping the snuff of a candle."], "so": ["SO, adv. L. sic, contracted. It is from some root signifying to set, to still, and this sense is retained in the use of the word by milkmaids, who say to cows, so, so, that is, stand still, remain as you are; and in this use, the word may be the original verb.", "1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting comparison or resemblance; as with the people, so with the priest.", "2. In such a degree; to that degree. Why is his chariot so long in coming? Judges 5.", "3. In such a manner; sometimes repeated, so and so; as certain colors, mingled so and so.", "4. It is followed by as. There is something equivalent in France and Scotland; so as it is a hard calumny upon our soil to affirm that so excellent a fruit will not grow here. But in like phrases, we now use that; \"so that it is a hard calumny;\" and this may be considered as the extablished usage.", "5. In the smae manner. Use your tutor with great respect, and cause all your family to do so too.", "6. Thus; in this manner; as New York so called from the duke of York. I know not why it is, but so it is. It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire whether theese thing are so or not.", "7. Therefore; thus; for this reason; in consequence of this or that. It leaves instruction, and so instructors, to the sobriety fo the settled articles of the church. God makes him in own image an intelectual creature, and so capable of dominion. This statute made the clipping of coin hign treason, which it was not at common law; so that this was an enlarging staute.", "8. On these terms, noting a conditional petition. Here then exchange we mutually forgiveness; SO may the guilt of all my broken vows, my perjuries to thee be all forgotten. So here might be expressed by thus, that is, in this manner, by this mutual forgiveness.", "9. Provided that; on condition that, L. modo. So the doctrine by but wholesome and edifying though there should be a want of exactness in the manner of speaking and resoning, it may be overlooked. I care not who furnishes the means, so they are furnished.", "10. In like manner, noting the concession of one proposition of fact and the assumption of another; answering to as. As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought to consider the condition he is in when he enters on it.", "11. So often expresses the sense of a word or sentence going before. In this case it prevents a repetition, and may be considered as a substitute for the word or phrase. \"France is highly cultivated, but England is more so,\" that is, more highly cultivated.", "12. Thus; thus it is; this is the state. How sorrow shakes him! So now the tempest tears him up by th' roots.", "13. Well; the fact being such. And so the work is done, is it?", "14. It is sometimes used to express a certain degree, implying comparison, and yet without the corresponding word as, to render the degree definite. An astringent is not quite so proper, where relaxing the urinary passages is necessary.", "15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so, let it be so, let it be as it is, or in that manner. There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not, let him kill the next Percy himself.", "16. It expresses a wish, desire or petition. Ready are the appellant and defendant- So please your highness to behold the fight.", "17. So much as, however much. Instead of so, we now generally use as; as much as, that much; whatever the quantity may be.", "18. So so, or so repeated, used as a kind of exclamation; equivalent to well, well; or it is so, the thing is done. So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you fast.", "19. So so, much as it was; indifferently; not well not much amiss. His leg is but so so.", "20. So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is. So then the Volscians stand; but as at first ready, when time shall prompt them, to make road upon's again."], "soak": ["SOAK, v.t.", "1. To steep; to cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or other fluid; as, to soak cloth; to soak bread.", "2. To drench; to wet thoroughly. The earth is soaked with heavy rain. Their land shall be soaked with blood. Is. 34.", "3. To draw in by the pores; as the skin.", "4. To drain. Not authirized.", "SOAK, v.i.", "1. To lie steeped in water or other fluid. Let the cloth lie and soak.", "2. To enter into pores or interstices. Water soaks into the earth or other porous matter.", "3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously; to drench; as a soaking club. Low."], "soaked": ["SOAKED, pp. Steeped or macerated in a fluid; drenched."], "soaking": ["SOAKING, ppr.", "1. Steeping; macerating; drenching; imbibing.", "2. a. That wets thoroughly; as a soaking rain."], "soap": ["SOAP, n. L. sapo. A compound of oil and alkali, or oil and earth, and metallic oxyds; usually, a compound of oil and vegetable alkali or lye; used in washing and cleansing, in medicine, &c."], "sober": ["SO'BER, a. L. sobrius.", "1. Temperate in the use of spiritous liquors; habitually temperate; as a sober man. Live a sober, righteous and godly life.", "2. Not intoxicated or overpowered by spiritous liquors; not drunken. The sot may at times be sober.", "3. Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary or heated with passion; having the regular exercise of cool dispassionate reason. There was not a sober person to be had; all was tempestuous and blustering. Not sober man would put himself in danger, for the applause of escaping without breaking his neck.", "4. Regular; calm; not under the influence of passion; as sober judgment; a man in his sober senses.", "5. Serious; solemn; grave; as the sober livery of autumn. What parts gay France from sober Spain? See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby.", "SO'BER, v.t. TO make sober; to cure of intoxication. There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain and drinking largely sobers us again."], "sobered": ["SO'BERED, pp. Make sober."], "soberness": ["SO'BERNESS, n.", "1. Freedom from intoxication; temperance.", "2. Gravity; seriousness.", "3. Freedom from heat and passion; calmness; coolness. The soberness of Virgil might have shown him the difference."], "soberly": ["SO'BERLY, adv.", "1. Without intemperance.", "2. Without enthusiasm.", "3. Without intemperate passion; coolly; calmly; moderately.", "4. Gravely; seriously."], "sobriety": ["SOBRI'ETY, n. L. sobrietas, from sobrius.", "1. Habitual soberness or temperance in the use of spirituous liquors; as when we say. a man of sobriety.", "2. Freedom from intoxication. Public sobriety is a relative duty.", "3. Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion or overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; as the sobriety of riper years; the sobriety of age.", "4. Seriousness; gravity without sadness or melancholy. Mirth makes them not mad, nor sobriety sad."], "socket": ["SOCK'ET, n.", "1. The little hollow tube or place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick. And in the sockets oily bubbles dance.", "2. Any hollow thing or place which receives and holds something else; as the sockets of the teeth or of the eyes. his eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink. Gomphosis is the connection of a tooth to its socket."], "sod": ["SOD, n. Turf; sward; that stratum of earth on the surface which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface. It differs from clod, which may be compact mass of earth without roots; but sod is formed by earth held together by roots."], "sodden": ["SOD'DEN, pp. of seethe. Boiled; seethed."], "soder": ["SOD'ER, v.t. It has been taken for granted that this is a contracted word, from L. solido, and hence written solder. The fact may be doubted; but if true, the settled pronunciation seems to render it expedient to let the contracted orthography remain undisturbed. To unite and make solid, as metallic substances; to join separate things or parts of the same thing by a metallic substance in a state of fustion, which hardens in cooling, and renders the joint solid.", "SOD'ER, n. Metallic cement; a metal or metallic composition used in uniting other metallic substances."], "sodomite": ["SOD'OMITE, n.", "1. An inhabitant of Sodom.", "2. One guilty of sodomy."], "soever": ["SOEVER, so and ever, found in compounds, as in whosoever, whatsoever, wheresoever, See these words. It is sometimes used separate from the pronoun; as, in what things soever you undertake, use diligence and fidelity."], "soft": ["SOFT, a.", "1. Easily yielding to pressure ; the contrary of hard; as a soft bed; a soft peach; soft earth.", "2. Not hard; easily separated by an edged instrument; as soft wood. The chestnut is a soft wood, but more durable than hickory, with is a very hard wood. So we say, a soft stone, when it breaks or is hewed with ease.", "3. Easily worked; malleable; as soft iron.", "4. Not rough, rugged or harsh; smooth to the touch; delicate; as soft silk; soft raiment a soft skin.", "5. Delicate; feminine; as the softer sex.", "6. Easily yielding to persuasion or motives flexible; susceptible of influence or passion. In both these senses, soft is appiled to females, and sometimes males; as a divine of a soft and servile temper. One king is too soft and easy.", "7. Tender; timorous. However soft within themselves they are, to you they will be valiant be despair.", "8. Mild; gentle; kind; not severe or unfeeling; as a person of a soft nature.", "9. Civil; complaisant; courteous; as a person of soft manners. He has a soft way of asking favors.", "10. Placid; still; easy. On her soft axie while whe paces even, she bears thee soft with the smooth air along.", "11. Effeminate; viciouly nice. An idle soft course of life is the source of crminal pleasures.", "12. Delicate; elegantly tender. Her form more soft and feminine.", "13. Weak; impressible. The deceive soon found this soft place of Adam's Not elegant.", "14. Gentle; smooth or melodious to the ear. not loud, rough or harsh; as a soft voice or note; a soft sound; soft accents; soft whispers.", "15. Smooth; flowing; not rough or vehement. The solemn nightingale tun'd her soft lays. Soft were my numbers, who could take offense?", "16. Easy; quiet; undisturbed; as soft slumbers.", "17. Mild to the eye; not strong or glaring; as soft colors; the soft coloring of a picture. The sun shining on the upper part of the clounds, made the softes light imaginable.", "18. Mild; warm; pleasant to the feelings; as soft air.", "19. Not tinged with an acid; not hard; not astringent; as, soft water is the best for washing.", "20. Mild; gentle; not rough, rude or irritating. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. 15.", "SOFT, adv. Softly; gently; quietly."], "softness": ["SOFT'NESS, n.", "1. The quality of bodies which renders them capable of yielding to pressure, or of easily receiving impressions from other bodies; opposed to hardness.", "2. Susceptibility of feeling or passion; as the softness of the heart or of our natures.", "3. Mildness; kindness; as softness of words or expressions.", "4. Mildness; civility; gentleness; as softness of manners.", "5. Effeminacy; vicious delicacy. He was not delighted with the softness of the court.", "6. Timorousness; pusillanimity; excessive susceptibility of fear or alarm. This virtue could not proceed out of fear or softness.", "7. Smoothness to the ear; as the softness of sounds, which is distinct from exility or fineness.", "8. Facility; gentleness; candor; easiness to be affected; as softness of spirit.", "9. Gentleness, as contrary to vehemence. With strength and softness, energy and ease.", "10. Mildness of temper; meekness. For contemplation he and valor form'd for softness she, and sweet attractive grace.", "11. Weakness; simplicity.", "12. Mild temperature; as the softness of a climate."], "softly": ["SOFT'LY, adv.", "1. Without hardness.", "2. Not with force or violence; gently; as, be softly pressed my hand.", "3. Not loudly; without noise; as, speak softly; walk softly. In this dark silence softly leave the town.", "4. Gently; placidly. She softly lays him on a flowery bed.", "5. Mildly; tenderly. The king must die; though pity softly pleads within my soul."], "soil": ["SOIL, v.t.", "1. To make dirty on the surface; to foul; to dirt; to stain; to defile; to tarnish; to sull; as, to soil a garment with dust. Out wonted ornaments now soil'd and stain'd.", "2. To cover or tinge with any thing extraneous; as, to soil the earth with blood.", "3. To dung; to manure."], "soiled": ["SOIL'ED, pp. Fouled; stained; tarnished; manured; fed with grass."], "soiling": ["SOIL'ING, ppr. Defiling; fouling; tarnishing; feeding with fresh grass; manuring."], "sojourn": ["SOJOURN, v.i. so'jurn. To dwell for a time; to dwell or live in a place as a temporary resident, or as a stranger, not considering the place as his permanent habitation. So Abram sojourned in Egypt. Gen. 12."], "sojourner": ["SO'JOURNER, n. A temporary resident; a stranger or traveler who dwells in a place for a time. We are strangers before thee and sojourners, as all out father were. I Chron. 29."], "sojourning": ["SO'JOURNING, ppr. Dwelling for a time.", "SO'JOURNING, n. The act of dwelling in a place for a time; also, the time of abode. Ex. 12."], "sojournment": ["SO'JOURNMENT, n. Temporary residence, as that of a stanger or traveler."], "solace": ["SOL'ACE, v.t. from L. soatium; solor, to comfort, assuage, relieve. See Console.", "1. To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in afflication; to console; applied to persons; as, to solace one's self with the hop of future reward.", "2. To allay; to assuage; as, to solace grief.", "SOL'ACE, v.i. To take comfort; to be cheered or relieved in grief."], "solaced": ["SOL'ACED, pp. Comforted; cheered in afflication."], "solacing": ["SOL'ACING, ppr. Relieving grief; cheering in affliction."], "sold": ["SOLD, pret. and pp. of sell."], "soldier": ["SOLDIER, n. soljur. from L. solidus, a piece of money, the pay of a soldier.", "1. A man engaged in military service; one whose occupation is military; a man enlisted for service in an army; a private, or noe in the ranks. There ought to be some time for sober reflection between the life of a soldier and his death.", "2. A man enrolled for service, when on duty or embodied for military discipline; a private; as a militia soldier.", "3. Emphatically, a brave warrior; a man of military experience and skill, or a man of distinguished valor. In this sense, an officer of any grade may be denominated a soldier."], "sole": ["SOLE, n. L. solea, solum; that which sets or is set or laid. The radical sense coincides with that of sill.", "1. The bottom of the foot; and by a figure, the foot itselft.", "2. The bottom of the shoe; or the piece of lether which constitutes the bottom. The cliga was a military show with a very thick sole, tied above the instep.", "3. The part of any thing that forms the bottom, and on which it stands upon the ground. Elms is proper for mills, soles for wheels, and pipes.", "4. A marine fish of the genus Pleurinectes, so called probably because it keeps on or near the bottom of the sea. These fish abound on the British coast, and hence the name of sole bank, to the southward of Ireland. This fish sometimes grows to the weight of six or seven pounds.", "5. In ship-building, a sort of lining, used to prevent the wearing of any thing.", "6. A sort of horn under a horse's hoof."], "solely": ["SO'LELY, adv. Singly; alone; only; without another; as, to rest a cause solely on one argument; to rely solely on one's own strength."], "solemn": ["SOLEMN, a. sol'em. L. solennis, form soleo, to be accustomed, to use, that is, to hold on or continue, as we have wont.", "1. Anniversary; observed once a year with religious ceremonies. The worship of this image was advanced and a solemn supplication observed every year. I doubt the correctness of this definition of Johnson; or whether solemn, in out language, ever includes the sense of anniversary. In the passage cited, the sense of anniversary is expressed by every year, and if it is included in solemn also the sentence is tautological. I should say the, that solemn in this passage of Stillingfleet, has the sense given in the second definition below.", "2. Religiously grave; marked with pomp and sanctity; attended with religious rites. His holy rites and solemn feasts profan'd.", "3. Religiosly serious; piously grave; devout; marked by reverence to God; as solemn prayer; the solemn duties of the sanctuary.", "4. Affectiong with seriousness; impressing or adapted to impress seriousness, gravity or reverence; sober; serious. There reign'd a solemn silence over all. To 'swage with solemn touches troubled thoughts.", "5. Grave; serious; or affectedly grave; as a solemn face.", "6. Sacred; enjoined by religion; or attended with a serious appeal to God; as a solemn oath.", "7. Marked with solemaities; as a solemn day."], "solemnity": ["SOLEM'NITY, n.", "1. A rite or ceremony annualy performed with religious reverence. Great was the cause; our old solemnities from no blind zeal or fond tradition rise, but sav'd from death, our Arguves yearly pay these grateful honors to the god of day.", "Solemnities seems here to include the sense of anniversary. See the fourth line. But in modern usage, that sense is rarely or never attached to the word.", "2. A religious ceremony; a ritual performance attended with religious reverence; as the solemnity of a funral or of a sacrament.", "3. A ceremony adapted to impress awe; as the solemnities of the last day.", "4. Manner of acting awfully serious. With horrible solemnity he caused every thing to be prepared for his triumph of victory.", "5. Gravity; steady seriouness; as the solemnity of the Spanish language.", "6. Affected gravity. Solemnity's a cover for a sot."], "solemnization": ["SOLEMNIZA'TION, n. The act of solemnizing; celebration; as the solemnization of a marriage."], "solemnize": ["SOL'EMNIZE, v.t.", "1. To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to celebrate; as, to solemnize the birth of Christ. Their choice nobility and flow'r met from all parts to solemnize this feast.", "2. To perform with ritual ceremonies and respect, or according to legal forms; as, to solemnize a marriage.", "3. To peform religiouly once a year.", "4. To make grave, serious and reverential; as, to solemnize the mind for the duties of the sanctuary. This use of the word is well authorized in the United States."], "solemnly": ["SOL'EMNLY, adv. With gravity and religious reverence. Let us solemnly address the throne of grace.", "2. With official formalities and be due authority. This question of law has been solemnly decided in the highest court.", "3. With formal state.", "4. With formal gravity and stateliness, or with affected gravity. There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise.", "5. With religious seriousness; as, I solemnly declare myselft innocent. I do solemnly assure the reader."], "solitarily": ["SOL'ITARILY, adv. from solitary. In solitude; alone; without company. Feed they people with thy rod, the flock of thy heritage, that dwell solitarily in the wood. Mic. 17."], "solitariness": ["SOL'ITARINESS, n. The state of being alone; forbearance of company; retirement, or habitual retirement. At home, in wholesome solitariness.", "2. Solitude; loneliness; destitution of company or of animated beings; applied to place; as the solitariness of the country or of a wood."], "solitary": ["SOL'ITARY, a. L. solitarius, from solus, alone.", "1. Living alone; not having company. Some of the more ferocious animals are solitary, seldom or never being found in flocks or herds. Thus the lion is called a solitary animal. Those rare and solitary, these in flocks.", "2. Retired; remote from society; not having company, or not much frequented; as a solitary residence or place.", "3. Lonely; destitute of company; as a solitary life.", "4. Gloomy; still; dismal. Let that night be solitary, let no joyful voice come therein. Job 3.", "5. Single; as a solitary instance of vengeance; a solitary example.", "6. In botany, separate; one only in a place; as a solitary stipule. A solitary flower is when there is only one to each peduncle; a solitary seed, when there is only one in a pericarp.", "SOL'ITARY, n. One that lives alone of in solitude; a hermit; a recluse."], "some": ["SOME, a. sum.", "1. Noting a certain quantity of a thing, but indeterminate; a portion greater or less. Give me some bread; drink some wine; bring some water.", "2. Noting a number of persons or things, greater or less, but indeterminate. Some theoretical writes allege that there was a time when there was no such thing as society.", "3. Noting a person or thing, but not known, or not specific and definite. Some person, I know not who, gave me the information. Enter the city, and some man will direct you to the house. Most gentlemen of property, as some period or other of their lives, are ambitious of representing their country in parliament.", "4. It sometimes precedes a word of number or quantity, with the sense of about or near, noting want of certainty as to the specific number of amount, but something near it; as a village or some eighty houses; some two or three persons; some seventy miles distant; an object at some good distance.", "5. Some is often opposed to others. Some men believe one thing, and others another.", "6. Some is often used without a noun, and then like other adjectives, is a substitute for a noun. We consumed some of our provisions, and the rest was given to the poor. Some to the shores do fly, some to the woods. Your edicts some reclaim for sins, but most your life and blest example wins.", "7. Some is used as a termination of certain adjectives, as in handsome, mettlesome, blithesome, fullsome, lonesome, gladsome, gamesome. In these words, some has primarily the sense of little, or a certain degree; a little blithe or glad. But in usage, it rather indicates a considerable degree of the thing or quantity; as mettlesome, full of mettle or spirit; gladsome, very glad or joyous."], "somebody": ["SOMEBODY, n. some and body.", "1. A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate. Jesus said, somebody hath touched me Luke 8. We must draw in somebody that may stand 'Twixt us and danger.", "2. A person of consideration. Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody. Acts 5."], "something": ["SOMETHING, n. some and thing.", "1. An indeterminate or unknown event. Something must have happened to prevent the arrival of our friends at the time fixed. I shall call at two o'clock, unless something should prevent. See Thing.", "2. A substance or material thing, unknown indeterminate or not specified. A machine stops because something obstructs its motion. There must be something to support a wall or an arch.", "3. A part; a portion more or less. Something yet of doubt remains. Still from his little he could something spare, to feed the hungry and to clothe the bare. Something of it arises from our infant state.", "4. A little; an indefinite quantity or degree. The man asked me a dollar, but I gave him something more.", "5. Distance not great. It must be done tonight, and something from the palace.", "6. Something is used adverbially for in some degree; as, he was something discouraged; but the use in not elegant."], "sometime": ["SOMETIME, adv. some and time.", "1. Once; formerly. That fair and warlike form, in which the majesty of buried Denmark did sometime march.", "2. At one time or other hereafter. Sometime is really a compound noun, and at is understood before it; at some time."], "sometimes": ["SOMETIMES, adv. some and times.", "1. At times; at intervals; not always; not and then. We are sometimes indisposed, sometimes occupied, sometimes at leisure; that is, at some times. It is good that we be sometimes contradicted.", "2. At one time; opposed to another time."], "somewhat": ["SOMEWHAT, n. some and what.", "1. Something, though uncertain what.", "2. More or less; a certain quantity or degree, indeterminate. These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste.", "3. A part, greater or less. Somewhat of his good sense will suffer in this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost.", "SOMEWHAT, adv. In some degree or quantity. This is somewhat more or less than was expected; he is somewhat aged; he is somewhat disappointed; somewhat disturbed."], "son": ["SON, n.", "1. A male child; the male issue of a parent, father or mother. Jacob had twelve sons. Ishmael was the son of Hagar by Abraham.", "2. A male descendant, however distant; hence in the plural, sons signifies descendants in general, a sense much used in the Scriptures. The whole human race are styled sons of Adam.", "3. The compellation of an old man to a young one, or of a confessor to his penitent; a term of affection. Eli called Samuel his son. Be plain, good son, and home;y in thy drift.", "4. A native or inhabitant of a country; as the sons of Britain. Let our country never be ashamed of her sons.", "5. The produce of any thing. Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak and pine. Note. The primary sense of child is produce, issue; a shoot.", "6. One adopted into a family. Moses was the son of Pharaoh's daughter. Ex. 2.", "7. One who is converted by another's instrumentality, is called his son; also, one educated by another; as the sons of the prophets.", "8. Christ is called the Son of God, as being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, or in consequence of his relation to the Father.", "9. Son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial. These are Hebraisms, which denote that persons possess the qualities of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors."], "song": ["SONG, n.", "1. In general, that which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of the human voice or that of a bird.", "2. A little poem to be sung, or uttered with musical modulations; a ballad. The songs of a country are characteristic of its manners. Every country has its love songs, its war songs, and its patriotic songs.", "3. A hymn; a sacred poem or hymn to be sung either in joy or thanksgiving, as that sung by Moses and the Israelites after escaping the dangers of the Arabian gulf and of Pharaoh; or of lamentation, as that of David over the death of Saul and Jonathan. Songs of joy are represented as constituting a part of heavenly felicity.", "4. A lay; a strain; a poem. The bard that first adorn'd our native tongue, tun'd to his British lyre this ancient song.", "5. Poetry; poesy; verse. This subject for heroic song pleas'd me.", "6. Notes of birds. See Def. 1.", "7. A mere trifle. The soldier's pay is a song. Old song, a trifle. I do not intend to be thus put off with an old song."], "soon": ["SOON, adv.", "1. In a short time; shortly after any time specified or supposed; as soon after sunrise; soon after dinner; I shall soon return; we shall soon have clear weather.", "2. Early; without the usual delay; before any time supposed. How is it that ye have come so soon to-day? Ex. 2.", "3. Readily; willingly. But in this sense it accompanies would, or some other word expressing will. I would as soon see a river winding among woods or in meadows, as when it is tossed up in so many whimsical figures at Versailles."], "soothsay": ["SOOTH'SAY, v.i. sooth and say. To foretell; to predict. Acts. 16. Little used."], "soothsaying": ["SOOTH'SAYING, n. The foretelling of future events by persons without divine aid or authority, and thus distinguished form prophecy."], "soothsayer": ["SOOTH'SAYER, n. A foreteller; a prognosticator; one who undertakes to foretell future events without inspiration."], "sop": ["SOP, n.", "1. Anything steeped or dipped and softened in liquor, but chiefly something thus dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten. Sops in win, quantity for quantity, inebriate more than win itself.", "2. Any thing given to pacify; so called from the sop given to Cerberus, in mythology. Hence the phrase, to give a sop to Cerberus."], "sopped": ["SOP'PED, pp. from sop. Dipped in liquid food."], "sorcerer": ["SOR'CERER, L. sors, lot. A conjurer; an enchanter; a magician. The Egyptian sorcerers contended with Moses."], "sorcerous": ["SOR'CEROUS, a. Containing enchantments."], "sorceress": ["SOR'CERESS, n. A female magician or enchantress."], "sorcery": ["SOR'CERY, n. Magic; enchantment; witchcraft; divination be the assistance of evil spirits, or the power of commanding evil spirits. Adder's wisdom I have learn'd to fence my ears against the sorceries."], "sore": ["SORE, n.", "1. A place in an animal body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so as to be pained with the slightest pressure.", "2. An ulcer; a boil.", "3. In Scriptures, grief; affliction. 2 Chron. 6.", "SORE, a.", "1. Tender and susceptible of pain from pressure; as, a boil, ulcer or abscess is very sore; a wounded place is sore; inflammation renders a part sore.", "2. Tender, as the mind; easily pained, grieved or vexed; very susceptible of irritation from any thing that crosses the inclination. Malice and hatred are very fretting, and apt to make our minds sore and uneasy.", "3. Affected with inflammation; as sore eyes.", "4. Violent with pain; severe; afflictive; distressing; as a sore disease; sore evil or calamity; a sore night.", "5. Severe; violent; as a sore conflict.", "6. Criminal; evil.", "SORE, adv.", "1. With painful violence; intensely; severely; grievously. They hand presseth me sore.", "2. Greatly; violently; deeply. He was sorely afflicted at the loss of his son. Sore sigh'd the knight, who this long sermon heard.", "SORE, v.t. To wound; to make sore.", "SORE, n. A hawk of the first year."], "sorely": ["SO'RELY, adv. from sore.", "1. With violent pain and distress; grievously; greatly; as, to be sorely pained or afflicted.", "2. Greatly; violently; severely; as, to be sorely pressed with want; to be sorely wounded."], "soreness": ["SO'RENESS, n. from sore.", "1. The tenderness of any part of an animal body, which renders it extremely susceptible of pain from pressure; as the soreness of a boil, an abscess or wound.", "2. Figuratively, tenderness of mind, or susceptibility of mental pain."], "sorriness": ["SOR'RINESS, n. Meanness; poorness; despicableness."], "sorry": ["SOR'RY, a.", "1. Grieved for the loss of some good; pained for some evil that has happened to one's self or friends or country. It does not ordinarily imply severe grief, but rather slight or transient regret. It may be however, and often is used to express deep grief. We are sorry to lose the company of those we love; we are sorry to lose friends or property; we are sorry for the misfortunes of our friends or of out country. And the king was sorry. Matt 14.", "2. Melancholy; dismal.", "3. Poor; mean; vile; worthless; as a sorry slave; a sorry excuse. Coarse complexions, and cheeks of sorry grain-"], "sorrow": ["SOR'ROW, n. The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the loss of any good. or of frustrated hopes of good, or expected loss of happiness; to grieve; to be sad. I rejoice not that ye were made sorry, but the ye sorrowed to repentance. I Cor. 7. Sorrowing most of all for the words which be spoke, that they should see his face no more. Acts 20."], "sorrowed": ["SOR'ROWED, pp. Accompanied with sorrow. Not in use."], "sorrowful": ["SOR'ROWFUL, A.", "1. Sad; grieving for the loss of some good, or on account of some expected evil.", "2. Deeply serious; depressed; dejected. I Sam. 1.", "3. Producing sorrow; exciting grief; mournful; as a sorrowful accident.", "4. Expressing grief; accompanied with grief; as sorrowful meat. Job 6."], "sorrowfulness": ["SOR'ROWFULNESS, n. State of being sorrowful; grief."], "sorrowing": ["SOR'ROWING, ppr. Feeling sorrow, grief or regret.", "SOR'ROWING, n. Expression of sorrow."], "sort": ["SORT, n. L. sors, lot, chance, state, way, sort. This word is form the root of L. sortior; the radical sense of which is to start or shoot, to throw or to fall, to come suddenly. Hence sore is lot, chance, that which comes or falls. This sense of sort is probably derivative, signifying that which is thrown out, separated or selected.", "1. A kind or species; any number or collection of individual persons or thing characterized by the same or like qualities; as a sort of men; a sort of horses; a sort of trees; a sort of poems or writings. Sort is not a technical word, and therefore is used with less precision or more latitude than genus or species in the sciences.", "2. Manner; form of being or acting. Flowers, in such sort worn, can neither be smelt not seen well by those that wear them. To Adam in what sort shall I appear?", "3. Class or order; as men of the wiser sort, or the better sort; all sorts of people. See Def. 1.", "4. Rank; condition above the vulgar. Not in use.", "5. A company or knot of people. Not in use.", "6. Degree of any quality. I shall not be wholly without praise, if in some sort I have copied his style.", "7. Lot.", "8. A pair; a set; a suit."], "sottish": ["SOT'TISH, a.", "1. Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; very foolish. How ignorant are sottish pretenders to astrology!", "2. Dull with intemperance."], "sottishness": ["SOT'TISHNESS, n.", "1. Dullness in the exercise reason; stupidity. Few consider into what a degree of sottishness and confirmed ignorance men may sin themselves.", "2. Stupidity from intoxication."], "sought": ["SOUGHT, pret and pp. of seek, pron, sawt. I am found of them who sought me not. Is. 65."], "soul": ["SOUL, n.", "1. The spiritual, rational and immortal substance in man, which distinguishes him from brutes; that part of man which enables him to think and reason, and which renders him a subject of moral government. The immortality of the soul is a fundamental article of the christian system. Such is the nature of the human soul that it must have a God, an object of supreme affection.", "2. The understanding; the intellectual principle. The eyes of our soul then only begin to see, when our bodily eye are closing.", "3. Vital principle. Thou son, of this great world both eye and soul.", "4. Spirit; essence; chief part; as charity, the soul of all the virtues. Emotion is the soul of eloquence.", "5. Life; animation principle or part; as, an able commander is the soul of an army.", "6. Internal power. There is some soul of goodness in things evil.", "7. A human being; a person. There was no a soul present. In Paris there are more than seven hundred thousand souls. London, Westminster, Southwark and the suburbs, are said to contain twelve hundred thousand souls.", "8. Animal life. To deliver their soil from death, and to keep them alive in famine. Ps. 33. 7.", "9. Active power. And heaven would fly before the driving soul.", "10. Spirit; courage; fire; grandeur of mind. That he wants caution he must needs confess, but not a soul to give our arms success.", "11. Generosity; nobleness of mind; a colloquial use.", "12. An intelligent being. Every soul in heav'n shall bend the knee.", "13. Heart; affection. The soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David. I Sam. 18.", "14. In Scripture, appetite; as the full soul; the hungry soul. Prov. 27. Job 33.", "15. A familiar compellation of a person, but often expressing some qualities of the mind; as alas, poor soul; he was a good soul."], "souled": ["SOULED, a. Furnished with a soul or mind; as Grecian chiefs largely souled. Little used."], "sound": ["SOUND, a. L. sanus.", "1. Entire; unbroken; not shaky, split or defective; as sound timber.", "2. Undecayed; whole; perfect, or not defective; as sound fruit; a sound apple or melon.", "3. Unbroken; not bruised or defective; not lacerated or decayed; as a sound limb.", "4. Not carious; not decaying; as a sound tooth.", "5. Not broken or decayed; not defective; as a sound ship.", "6. Whole; entire; unhurt; unmutilated; as a sound body.", "7. Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid state; having all the organs complete and in perfect action; as a sound body; sound health; a sound constitution; a sound man; a sound horse.", "8. Founded in truth; firm; strong; valid; solid; that cannot be overthrown or refuted; as sound reasoning; a sound argument; a sound objection; sound doctrine; sound principles.", "9. Right; correct; well founded; free form error; orthodox. II Tim 1. Let my heart be sound in thy statutes. Ps. 119.", "10. Heavy; laid on with force; as sound strokes; a sound beating.", "11. Founded in right and law; legal; valid; not defective; that cannot be overthrown; as a sound title to land; sound justice.", "12. Fast; profound; undisturbed; as sound sleep.", "13. Perfect, as intellect; not broken or defective; not enfeebled by age or accident; not wild or wandering; not deranged; as a sound mind; a sound understanding or reason.", "SOUND, adv. Soundly; heartily. So sound he slept that nought might him awake.", "SOUND, n. The air bladder of a fish."], "sounded": ["SOUND'ED, pp.", "1. Caused to make a noise; uttered audibly.", "2. Explored; examined."], "sounding": ["SOUND'ING, ppr.", "1. Causing to sound; uttering audibly.", "2. Trying the depth of water by the plummet; examining the intention or will.", "3. a. Sonorous; making a noise.", "4. Having a magnificent sound; as words more sounding or significant.", "SOUND'ING, n.", "1. The act of uttering noise; the act or endeavoring to discover the opinion or desires; the act of throwing the lead.", "2. In surgery, the operation of introducing the sound into the bladder; called searching for the stone."], "soundings": ["SOUND'INGS, n. Any place or part of the ocean, where a deep sounding line will reach the bottom; also, the kind of ground or bottom where the lead reaches."], "soundness": ["SOUND'NESS, n.", "1. Wholeness; entireness; an unbroken, unimpaired or undecayed state; as the soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, of a limb, &c.", "2. An unimpaired state of an animal or vegetable body; a state in which the organs are entire and regularly perform their functions. We say, the soundness of the body, the soundness of the constitution, the soundness of health.", "3. Firmness; strength; solidity; truth; as soundness of reasoning or argument, of doctrine or principles.", "4. Truth; rectitude; firmness; freedom from error or fallacy; orthodoxy; as soundness of faith."], "sour": ["SOUR, a.", "1. Acid; having a pungent taste; sharp to the taste; tart; as, vinegar is sour; sour cider; sour beer.", "2. Acid and austere or astringent; as, sunripe fruits are often sour.", "3. Harsh of temper; crabbed; peevish; austere; morose; as a man of a sour temper.", "4. Afflictive; as sour adversities. Not in use.", "5. Expressing discontent or peevishness. He never uttered a sour word. The lord treasurer often looked on me with a sour countenance.", "6. Harsh to the feelings; cold and damp; as sour weather.", "7. Rancid; musty.", "8. Turned, as milk; coagulated.", "SOUR, n. An acid substance.", "SOUR, v.t.", "1. To make acid; to cause to have a sharp taste. So the sun's heat, with different pow'rs, ripens the grape, the liquor sours.", "2. To make harsh, cold or unkindly. Tufts of grass sour land.", "3. To make harsh in temper; to make cross, crabbed, peevish or discontented. Misfortunes often sour'd, nor wrath debas'd my heart.", "4. To make uneasy or less agreeable. Hail, great king! To sour your happiness I must report the queen is dead.", "5. In rural economy, to macerate, as lime, and render fir for plaster or mortar.", "SOUR, v.i.", "1. To become acid; to acquire the quality of tartness or pungency to the taste. Cider sours rapidly in the rays of the sun. When food sours in the stomach, it is evidence of imperfect digestion.", "2. TO become peevish or crabbed. They hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity."], "soured": ["SOUR'ED, pp. Made sour; made peevish."], "souring": ["SOUR'ING, ppr. Making acid; becoming sour; making peevish.", "SOUR'ING, n. That which makes acid."], "sourness": ["SOUR'NESS, n.", "1. Acidity; sharpness to the taste; tartness; as the sourness of vinegar or of fruit. Sourness being one of those simple ideas which one cannot describe.", "2. Asperity; harshness of temper. Take care that no sourness and moroseness mingle with our seriousness of mind."], "south": ["SOUTH, n.", "1. The north and south are opposite points in the horizon; each ninety degrees or the quarter of a great circle distant from the east and west. A man standing with his face towards the east or rising sun, has the south on his right hand. The meridian of every place is a great circle passing through the north and south points. Strictly, south is the horizontal point in the meridian of a place, on the right hand of a person standing with his face towards the east. But the word is applied to any point in the meridian, between the horizon and the zenith.", "2. In a less exact sense, any point or place on the earth or in the heavens, which is near the meridian towards the right hand as one faces the east.", "3. A southern region, country or place; as the queen of the south, in Scriptures. So in Europe, the people of Spain and Italy are spoken of as living in the south. In the United States, we speak of the states of the south, and of the north.", "4. The wind that blows from the north. Not used.", "SOUTH, a.", "1. In any place north of the tropic of Cancer, pertaining to or lying in the meridian towards the sun; as a south wind.", "2. Being in a southern direction; as the south sea.", "SOUTH, adv. Towards the south. A ship sails south; the wind blows south."], "southing": ["SOUTH'ING, a. Going towards the south; as the southing sun.", "SOUTH'ING, n.", "1. Tendency or motion to the south.", "2. The southing of the moon, the time at which the moon passes the meridian.", "3. Course or distance south; as a ship's southing."], "southward": ["SOUTHWARD, adv. suth'ard. Towards the south; as, to go southward.", "SOUTHWARD, n. suth'ard. The southern regions or countries."], "sow": ["SOW, n.", "1. The female of the hog kind or of swine.", "2. An oblong piece of lead.", "3. An insect; a milleped."], "sowed": ["SOWED, pp. Scattered on ground, as seed; sprinkled with seed, as ground. We say, seed is sowed; or land is sowed."], "sowing": ["SOWING, ppr. Scattering, as seed; sprinkling with seed, as ground; stocking with seed.", "SOWING, n. The act of scattering seed for propagation."], "sower": ["SOWER, n.", "1. He that scatters seed for propagation. Behold, a sower went forth to sow. Matt. 13.", "2. One who scatters or spreads; as a sower of words.", "3. A breeder; a promoter; as a sower of suits."], "sown": ["SOWN, pp. Scattered, as seed; sprinkled with seed, as ground."], "space": ["SPACE, n. L. spatium, space; spatior, to wander. This word is probably formed on the root of pateo.", "1. Room; extension. Space in the abstract, is mere extension. Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor motion.", "2. Any quantity of extension. In relation to bodies, space is the interval between any two or more object' as the space between two stars or two hills The quantity of space or extent between bodies, constitutes their distance form each other.", "3. The distance or interval between lines; as in books. The space in music are named as well as the lines.", "4. Quantity of time; also, the interval between two points of time. Nine times the space that measures day and God may defer his judgment for a time, and give a people a longer space for repentance.", "5. A short time; a while. To stay your deadly strife a space. This sense is nearly obsolete.", "SPACE, v.i. To rove. Not in use.", "SPACE, v.t. Among printers, to make space or wider intervals between lines."], "spaceful": ["SPA'CEFUL, a. Wide; extensive. Not used."], "spake": ["SPAKE, pret. of speak; nearly obsolete. We not use spoke."], "span": ["SPAN, n. This word is formed on the root of bend, L. pando. The primary sense is to strain, stretch, extend, hence to join a team.", "1. The space from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when extended; nine inches; the eighth of a fathom.", "2. A short space of time. Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy.", "3. A span of horses, consists of two of nearly the same color, and otherwise nearly alike, which are usually harness side by side. The word signifies properly the same as yoke, when applied to horned cattle, from buckling or fastening together. But in America, span always implies resemblance in color at least; it being an object of ambition with gentlemen and with teamters to unite two horses abreast that are alike.", "4. In seamen's language, a small line or cord, the middle of which is attached to a stay.", "SPAN, v.t.", "1. To measure by the hand with the fingers extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object; as, to span a space or distance; to span a cylinder.", "2. To measure. This soul doth span the world.", "SPAN, v.i. To agree in color, or in color and size; as, the horses span well. New England.", "SPAN, pert. of spin. We now use spun."], "spanned": ["SPAN'NED, pp. Measured with the hand."], "spanning": ["SPAN'NING, ppr. Measuring with the hand; encompassing with the fingers."], "spare": ["SPARE, v.t. It seems to be from the same root as L. parco.", "1. To use frugally; not to be profuse; not to waste. Thou thy Father's thunder did'st not spare/", "2. To save or withhold from any particular use or occupation. He has no bread to spare, that is, to withhold from his necessary uses. All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty charge, he bestowed on prayer and serving of God.", "3. To part with without much inconvenience; to do without. I could have better spar'd a better man. Nor can we spare you long-", "4. To omit; to forbear. We might have spared this toil and expense; Be pleas'd your politics to spare.", "5. To use tenderly; to treat with pity and forbearance; to forbear to afflict, punish or destroy. Spare us, good Lord. dim sadness did not spare celestial visages. But man alone can whom be conquers spare.", "6. Not to take when in one's power; to forbear to destroy; as, to spare the life of a prisoner.", "7. To grant; to allow; to indulge. Where anger Jove did never spare one breath of kind and temp'rate air.", "8. TO forbear to inflict of impose. Spare my sight the pain of seeing what a world of tears it cost you.", "SPARE, v.i.", "1. TO live frugally; to be parsimonious. Who at some times spend, as other spare, divided between carelessness and care.", "2. To forbear; to be scrupulous. To pluck and cat my fill I spar'd not.", "3. To be frugal; not to be profuse.", "4. To use mercy or forbearance; to forgive to be tender. The king was sparing and compassionate towards hid subjects.", "SPARE, a.", "1. Seanty; parsimonious; not abundant; as a spare diet. He was spare but discreet of speech. We more generally use, in the latter application, sparing; as, he was sparing of words.", "2. That can be dispensed with; not wanted; superfluous. I have no spare time on my hands. If that no spare clothes he had to give.", "3. Lean; wanting flesh; meager; thin. O give me your spare men and spare me the great ones.", "4. Slow. Not in use.", "SPARE, n. Parsimony; frugal use. Not in use."], "spared": ["SPA'RED, pp. Dispensed with; saved; forborne."], "sparely": ["SPA'RELY, adv. Sparingly."], "spareness": ["SPA'RENESS, n. State of being lean or thin; leanness."], "sparing": ["SPA'RING, ppr.", "1. Using frugally; forbearing; omitting to punish or destroy.", "2. a. Scarce; little.", "3. Scanty; not plentiful; not abundant; as a sparing diet.", "4. Saving; parsimonious. Virgil being so very sparing of his words, and leaving so much to be imagined by the reader, can never be translated as he ought in amy modern tongue."], "sparingly": ["SPA'RINGLY, adv.", "1. Not abundantly.", "2. Frugally; parsimoniously; not lavishly. High titles of honor were in the king's minority sparingly granted, because dignity then waited on desert. Commend but sparingly whom thou dost love.", "3. Abstinently; moderately. Christians are obliged to taste even the innocent pleasures of life but sparingly.", "4. Seldom; not frequently. The morality of a grave sentence, affected by Lucan, is more sparingly used by Virgil.", "5. Cautiously; tenderly."], "spark": ["SP'ARK, n. The sense is that which shoots, darts off or scatters; probably allied to B. spargo.", "1. A small particle of fire or ignited substance, which is emitted from bodies in combustion, and which either ascends with the smoke, or is darted in another direction.", "2. A small shining body or transient light. We have here and there a little clear light, and some sparks of bright knowledge.", "3. A small portion of any thing active. If any spark of life is yet remaining.", "4. A very small portion. If you have a spark or generosity.", "5. A brisk, showy, gay man. The finest sparks and cleanest beaux.", "6. A lover.", "SP'ARK, v.i. To emit particles of fire; to sparkle. Not in use."], "sparkful": ["SP'ARKFUL, a. Lively; brisk; gay."], "sparkle": ["SP'ARKLE, n.", "1. A spark.", "2. A luminous particle.", "SP'ARKLE, v.i.", "1. To emit sparks; to send off small ignited particles; as burning fuel, &c.", "2. To glitter; to glisten; as, a brilliant sparkles; sparkling colors.", "3. To twinkle; to glitter; as sparkling stars.", "4. To glisten; to exhibit an appearance of animation; as, the eyes sparkle with joy.", "5. To emit little bubbles, as spirituous liquors; as sparkling wine.", "SP'ARKLE, v.i. To throw about; to scatter. Not in use."], "sparkling": ["SP'ARKLING, ppr. or a. Emitting sparks; glittering; lively; as sparkling wine; sparkling eyes."], "sparklingly": ["SP'ARKLINGLY, adv. With twinkling or vivid brilliancy."], "sparrow": ["SPAR'ROW, n. A small bird of the genus Fringilla and order of Passers. These birds are frequently seen about houses."], "spat": ["SPAT, pret. of spit, but nearly obsolete."], "speak": ["SPEAK, v.i. pret. spoke, spake, nearly, obs. pp. spoke, spoken. It is easy to see that the root of this word is allied to that of beak peak, pick.", "1. To utter words or articulate sounds, as human beings; to express thoughts bywords. Children learn to speak at an early age. The organs may be so obstructed that a man may not be able to speak. Speak, Lord , for thy servant hearth. I Sam. 3.", "2. To utter a speech, discourse or harangue; to utter thoughts in a public assembly. A man may be well informed on a subject, and yet to diffident to speak in public. Many of the nobility make them selves popular by speaking in parliament against those things which were most grateful to his majesty.", "3. To talk; to express opinions; to dispute. An honest man, sir, is able to speak for himself, when the knave is not.", "4. To discourse; to make mention of. Lucan speaks of a part of Cesar's army that came to him from the Leman lake. The Scripture speaks only of those to whom it speaks.", "5. To give sound. Make all your trumpets speak."], "speaking": ["SPE'AKING, ppr. Uttering words; discoursing; talking.", "SPE'AKING, n.", "1. The act of uttering words; discourse.", "2. In colleges, public declamation."], "speaker": ["SPE'AKER, n.", "1. One that speaks, in what ever manner.", "2. One that proclaims or celebrates. -No other speaker of my living actions.", "3. One that utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one that utters a speech in public. We say, a man is a good speaker, or a bad speaker.", "4. The person who presides in a deliberative assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates; as the speaker of the house of commons; the speaker of a house or representatives."], "spear": ["SPEAR, n.", "1. A long pointed weapon, used in war and hunting by thrusting or throwing; a lance.", "2. A sharp pointed instrument with barbs; used for stabbing fish and other animals.", "3. A shoot, as of grass; usually spire.", "SPEAR, v.t. To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear; as, to spear a fish.", "SPEAR, v.i. To shoot into a long stem. See Spire."], "speared": ["SPE'ARED, pp. Pierced or killed with a spear."], "spearing": ["SPE'ARING, ppr.", "1. Piercing or killing with a spear.", "2. Shooting into a long stem."], "special": ["SPECIAL, n. A particular. Not Used."], "specialize": ["SPECIALIZE, v.t. To mention specially. Not in use."], "specially": ["SPECIALLY, adv.", "1. Particularly; in a manner beyond what is common, or out of the ordinary course. Every signal deliverance form danger ought to be specially noticed as a divine interposition.", "2. For a particular purpose. A meeting of the legislature is specially summoned.", "3. Chiefly; specially."], "speckle": ["SPECK'LE, n. A little spot in any thing, of a different substance or color from that of the thing itself.", "SPECK'LE, v.t. To mark with small spots of a different color; used chiefly in the participle passive, which see."], "speckled": ["SPECK'LED, pp. or a. Marked with specks; variegated with spots of a different color from the ground or surface of the object; as the speckled breast of a bird; a speckled serpent."], "speckling": ["SPECK'LING, ppr. Marking with small spots."], "spectacled": ["SPEC'TACLED, a. Furnished with spectacles."], "sped": ["SPED, pret. and pp. of speed."], "speech": ["SPEECH, n.", "1. The faculty of uttering articulate sounds or words, as in human beings; the faculty of expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds. Speech was given to man by his Creator for the noblest purposes.", "2. Language; words as expressing ideas. The acts of God to human ears cannot without process of speech be told.", "3. A particular language, as distinct form others. Ps. 19.", "4. That which is spoken; words uttered in connection and expressing thoughts. You smile at my speech.", "5. Talk; mention; common saying. The duke did of me demand, what was the speech among the londoners concerning the French journey.", "6. Formal discourse in public; oration; harangue. The member has made his first speech in the legislature.", "7. Any declaration of thoughts. I, with leave of speech implor'd, repli'd.", "SPEECH, v.i. To make a speech; to harangue. Little used."], "speechless": ["SPEE'CHLESS, a.", "1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech. More generally,", "2. Mute; silent; not speaking for a time. Speechless with wonder, and half dead with fear."], "speechlessness": ["SPEE'CHLESSNESS, n. The state of being speechless; muteness."], "speed": ["SPEED, v.i. pret. and pp. sped, speeded. The L. expedio may be from the same root, which signifies to drive, to hurry, of the family of L. peto.", "1. To make haste; to move with celerity.", "2. To have success; to prosper; to succeed; that is, to advance in one's enterprise. He that's once demi'd will hardly speed. Those that profaned and abused the second temple, sped no better.", "3. To have any condition good or ill; to fare. Ships heretofore in seas like fishes sped, The mightiest still upon the smallest fed.", "SPEED, v.t.", "1. TO dispatch; to send away in haste. He sped him thence home to his habitation.", "2. To hasten; to hurry; to put in quick motion. -But sped his steps along the hoarse resounding shore.", "3. TO hasten to a conclusion; to execute; to dispatch; as, to speed judicial acts.", "4. To assist; to help forward; to hasten. -With rising gales that sped their happy flight.", "5. To prosper; to cause to succeed. May heaven speed this undertaking.", "6. To furnish in haste.", "7. To dispatch; to kill; to ruin; to destroy. With a speeding thrust his heart he found. A dire dilemma! either way I'm sped; If foes, they write if friends they read me dead.", "Note In the phrase, \"God speed,\" there is probably a gross mistake in considering it as equivalent to \"may God give you success.\" The true phrase is probably \"good speed; good, in Saxon, being written god. I bid you or wish you good speed, that is, good success.", "SPEED, n.", "1. Swiftness; quickness; celerity; applied to animals. We say, a man or a horse runs or travels with speed; a fowl flies with speed. We speak of the speed of a fish in the water, but we do not speak of the speed of a river, or of wind, or of a falling body. I think however I have seen the word applied to the lapse of time and the motion of lightning, but in poetry only.", "2. Haste; dispatch; as, to perform a journey with speed; to execute an order with speed.", "3. Rapid pace; as a horse of speed. We say also, high speed, full speed.", "4. Success; prosperity in an undertaking; favorable issue; that is, advance to the desired end. O Lord God of my master Abraham, I pray thee, send me good speed this day. Gen. 24. This use is retained in the proverb, \"to make more haste than good speed,\" and in the Scriptural phrase, \"to bid one good speed,\" Not God speed, as erroneously written."], "speedily": ["SPEEDILY, adv. Quickly; with haste; in a short time. Send speedily to Bertram."], "speediness": ["SPEE'DINESS, n. The quality of being speedy; quickness; celerity; haste; dispatch."], "speedy": ["SPEE'DY, a.", "1. Quick; swift; nimble; hasty; rapid in motion; as a speedy flight; on speedy foot.", "2. Quick in performance; not dilatory or slow; as a speedy dispatch of business."], "spend": ["SPEND, v.t. pret. and pp. spent. L. expendo; from the root of L. pando, pendeo, the primary sense of which is to strain, to open or spread; allied to span, pane, &c.", "1. To lay out; to dispose of; to part with; as, to spend money for clothing. Why do ye spend money for that which is not bread? Is. 55.", "2. To consume; to waste; to squander; as to spend an estate in gaming or other vices.", "3. To consume; to exhaust. The provisions were spent, and the troops were in want.", "4. To bestow for any purpose; often with on or upon. It is folly to spend words in debate on trifles.", "5. To effuse. Little used.", "6. To pass, as time; to suffer to pass away. They spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Job. 13.", "7. To lay out; to exert or to waste; to wear away; as, to spend one's strength.", "8. To exhaust of force; to waste; to wear away; as, a ball had spend its force. The violence of the waves was spent. Heaps of spent arrows fall and strew the ground.", "9. To exhaust of strength; to harass; to fatigue. Their bodies spent with long labor and thirst-", "SPEND, v.i.", "1. To make expense; to make disposition of money. He spends like a prudent man.", "2. To be lost or wasted; to vanish; to be dissipated. The sound spendeth and is dissipated in the open air.", "3. To prove in the use. -Butter spent as if it cam from the richer soil.", "4. To be consumed. Candles spend fast in a current of air Our provision spend rapidly.", "5. To be employed to any use. The vines they use for wine are so often cut, that their sap spendeth into the grapes. Unusual."], "spending": ["SPEND'ING, ppr. Laying out; consuming; wasting; exhausting."], "spew": ["SPEW, v.t. L. spuo.", "1. To vomit; to puke; to eject from the stomach.", "2. To eject; to cast forth.", "3. To cast out with abhorrence. Lev. 18.", "SPEW, v.i. To vomit; to discharge the contents of the stomach."], "spewed": ["SPEW'ED, pp. Vomited; ejected."], "spewing": ["SPEW'ING, ppr. Vomiting; ejecting from the stomach."], "spice": ["SPICE, n.", "1. A vegetable production, fragrant or aromatic to the smell and pungent to the taste; used in sauces and in cookery.", "2. A small quantity; something that enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree, as spice alters the taste of a thing.", "3. A sample.", "SPICE, v.t.", "1. To season with spice; to mix aromatic substances with; as, to spice wine.", "2. To tincture; as the spiced Indian air.", "3. To render nice; to season with scruples."], "spiced": ["SPI'CED, pp. Seasoned with spice."], "spicery": ["SPI'CERY, n.", "1. Spices in general; fragrant and aromatic vegetable substances used in seasoning.", "2. A repository of spices."], "spider": ["SPI'DER, n. I know not from what source this word is derived. The common name of the insects of the genus Aranea, remarkable for spinning webs for taking their prey and forming a convenient habitation, and for the deposit of their food. The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine!"], "spikenard": ["SPIKENARD, n. spik'nard. L. spica nardi.", "1. A plant of the genus Nardus.", "2. The oil of balsam procured from the spikenard."], "spill": ["SPILL, n. a different orthography of spile, supra.", "1. A small peg or pin for stopping a cask; as a vent hole stopped with a spill.", "2. A little bar or pin of iron.", "3. A little sum of money. Not in use.", "SPILL, v.t. pret. spilled or spilt; pp. id.", "1. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel; to lose to suffer to be scattered; applied only to fluids and to substances whose particles are small and loose. Thus we spill water from a pail; we spill spirit or oil from a bottle; we spill quicksilver or powders form a vessel or a paper; we spill sand or flour.", "2. To suffer to be shed; as, a man spills his own blood.", "3. To cause to flow out or lose; to shed; as, a man spills another's blood. This is applied to cases of murder or other homicide, but not to venesection. In the later case we say, to let or take blood.", "4. To mischief; to destroy; as, to spill the mind or soul; to spill glory; to spill forms, &c. This application is obsolete and now improper.", "5. TO throw away.", "6. In seamen's language, to discharge the wind out of the cavity or belly of a sail.", "SPILL, v.i.", "1. To waste; to be prodigal. Not in use.", "2. TO be shed; to be suffered to fall, he lost or wasted. He was so topfull of himself, that he let it spill on all the company."], "spilled": ["SPILL'ED, pp. Suffered to fall, as liquids; shed."], "spilling": ["SPILL'ING, ppr. Suffering to fall or run out, as liquids; shedding."], "spilt": ["SPILT, pret. and pp. of spill."], "spin": ["SPIN, v.t. pret. and pp. spun. Span is not used. If the sense is to draw out or extend, this coincides in origin with span.", "1. To draw out and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton or flax; to spin goats' hair. All the yarn which Penelope spun in Ulysses' absence did but fill Ithaca with moths.", "2. To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process of be degrees; with out; as, to spin out large volumes on a subject.", "3. To extend to a great length; as, to spin out a subject.", "4. To draw out; to protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in the idleness By one delay after another, they spin out their whole lives.", "5. To whirl with a thread; to turn or cause to whirl; as, to spin a top.", "6. To draw out from the stomach in a filament; as, a spider spins a web."], "spinning": ["SPIN'NING, ppr. Drawing out and twisting into threads; drawing out; delaying.", "SPIN'NING, n.", "1. The act, practice or art of drawing out and twisting into threads, as wool, flax and cotton.", "2. The act or practice of forming webs, as spiders."], "spindle": ["SPIN'DLE, a. See Spin.", "1. The pin used in spinning wheels for twisting the thread, and on which the thread when twisted, is wound.", "2. A slender pointed rod or pin on which any thing turn; as the spindle of a vane.", "3. The fusee of a watch.", "4. A long slender stalk.", "5. The lower end of a capstan, shod with iron; the pivot.", "SPIN'DLE, v.i. To shoot or grow in a long slender stalk or body."], "spirit": ["SPIR'IT, n. L. spiritus, from spiro, to breathe, to blow. The primary sense is to rush or drive.", "1. Primarily, wind; air in motion; hence, breath. All bodies have spirits and pneumatical parts within them. This sense is now unusual.", "2. Animal excitement, or the effect of it; life; ardor; fire; courage; elevation or vehemence of mind. The troops attacked the enemy with great spirit. The young man has the spirit of youth. He speaks or act with spirit. Spirits, in the plural, is used in nearly a like sense. The troops began to recover their spirits.", "3. Vigor of intellect; genius. His wit, his beauty and his spirit. The noblest spirit or genius cannot deserve enough of mankind to pretend to the esteem of heroic virtue.", "4. Temper; disposition of mind, habitual or temporary; as a man of a generous spirit, or of a revengeful spirit; the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. Let us go to the house of God in the spirit of prayer.", "5. The soul of man; the intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of human beings. See Soul. the spirit shall return to God that gave it. Eceles. 12.", "6. An immaterial intelligent substance. Spirit is a substance in which thinking, knowing, doubting, and a power of moving do subsist. Hence,", "7. An immaterial intelligent being. By which he went and preached to the spirit in prison. I Pet. 3. God is a spirit. John 4.", "8. Turn of mind; temper; occasions; state of the mind. A perfect judge will read each work of wit, with the same spirit that its author writ.", "9. Powers of mind distinct from the body. In spirit perhaps he also saw Rich Mexico, the seat of Montezume.", "10. Sentiment; perception. You spirit is too true, your fears too certain.", "11. Eager desire; disposition of mind excited and directed to a particular object. God has made a spirit of building succeed a spirit of pulling down.", "12. A person of activity; a man of life, vigor or enterprise. The watery kingdom is no bar to stop the foreign spirits, but they come.", "13. Persons distinguished by qualities of the mind. Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I choose for my judges.", "14. Excitement of mind; animation; cheerfulness; usually in the plural. We found our friend in very good spirits. He has a great flow of spirits. -To sing thy praise, would heaven my breath prolong, Infusing spirits worthy such a song.", "15. Life or strength of resemblance; essential qualities; as, to set off the face in its true spirit. The copy has not the spirit of the original.", "16. Something eminently pure and refined. Nor doth the eye itself, that most pure spirit of sense, behold itself.", "17. That which hath power or energy; the quality of any substance which manifest life, activity, or the power of strongly affecting other bodies; as the spirit of wine or of any liquor.", "18. A strong, pungent or stimulation liquor, usually obtained by distillation, as rum, brandy, gin, whiskey. In America, spirit, used without other words explanatory of its meaning, signifies the liquor distilled from cane-juice, or rum. We say, new spirit, or old spirit, Jamaica spirit, &c.", "19. An apparition; a ghost.", "20. The renewed nature of man. Matt 26. Gal. 5.", "21. The influences of the Holy Spirit. Matt. 22."], "spiritally": ["SPIRITALLY, adv. By means of the breath. Not in use."], "spirited": ["SPIRITED, pp.", "1. Animated; encouraged; incited.", "2. a. Animated; full of life; lively; full of spirit or fire; as a spirited address or oration; a spirited answer. It is used in composition, noting the state of the mind; as in high-spirited, low-spirited, mean-spirited."], "spiritful": ["SPIRITFUL, a. Lively; full of spirit. Not used."], "spiritfulness": ["SPIRITFULNESS, n. Liveliness; sprightliness. Not used."], "spiritous": ["SPIRITOUS, a.", "1. Like spirit; refined; defecated; pure.", "More refind, more spiritous and pure.", "2. Fine ardent; active."], "spiritousness": ["SPIRITOUSNESS, n. A refined state; fineness and activity of parts; as the thinness and spiritousness of liquor."], "spiritual": ["SPIRITUAL, a.", "1. Consisting of spirit; not material; incorporeal; as a spiritual substance or being. The soul of man is spiritual.", "2. Mental; intellectual; as spiritual armor.", "3. Not gross; refined from external things; not sensual; relative to mind only; as a spiritual and refined religion.", "4. Not lay or temporal; relating to sacred things; ecclesiastical; as the spiritual functions of the clergy; the lords spiritual and temporal; a spiritual corporation.", "5. Pertaining to spirit or to the affections; pure; holy.", "Gods law is spiritual; it is a transcript of the divine nature, and extends its authority to the acts of the soul of man.", "6. Pertaining to the renewed nature of man; as spiritual life.", "7. Not fleshly; not material; as spiritual sacrifices. 1 Peter 2.", "8. Pertaining to divine things; as spiritual songs. Ephesians 5.", "Spiritual court, an ecclesiastical court; a court held by a bishop or other ecclesiastic."], "spirituality": ["SPIRITUALITY, n.", "1. Essence distinct from matter; immateriality.", "If this light be not spiritual, it approacheth nearest to spirituality.", "2. Intellectual nature; as the spirituality of the soul.", "3. Spiritual nature; the quality which respects the spirit or affections of the heart only, and the essence of true religion; as the spirituality of Gods law.", "4. Spiritual exercises and holy affections.", "Much of our spirituality and comfort in public worship depend on the state of mind in which we come.", "5. That which belongs to the church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to religion; as distinct from temporalities.", "During the vacancy of a see, the archbishop is guardian of the spiritualities thereof.", "6. An ecclesiastical body. Not in use."], "spiritualization": ["SPIRITUALIZATION, n. The act of spiritualizing. In chemistry, the operation of extracting spirit from natural bodies."], "spiritualize": ["SPIRITUALIZE, v.i.", "1. To refine the intellect; to purify from the feculences of the world; as, to spiritualize the soul.", "2. In chemistry, to extract spirit from natural bodies.", "3. To convert to a spiritual meaning."], "spiritually": ["SPIRITUALLY, adv. Without corporeal grossness or sensuality; in a manner conformed to the spirit of true religion; with purity of spirit or heart.", "Spiritually minded, under the influence of the Holy Spirit or of holy principles; having the affections refined and elevated above sensual objects, and placed on God and his law. Romans 8.", "Spiritually discerned, known, not by carnal reason, but by the peculiar illumination of the Holy Spirit. 1 Corinthians 2."], "spirituous": ["SPIRITUOUS, a.", "1. Containing spirit; consisting of refined spirit; ardent; as spirituous liquors. This might well be written spiritous.", "2. Having the quality of spirit; fine; pure; active; as the spirituous part of a plant.", "3. Lively; gay; vivid; airy. Not in use."], "spirituousness": ["SPIRITUOUSNESS, n.", "1. The quality of being spirituous; ardor; heat; stimulating quality; as the spirituousness of liquors.", "2. Life; tenuity; activity."], "spit": ["SPIT, n. G.", "1. An iron prong or bar pointed, on which meat is roasted.", "2. Such depth of earth as is pierced by the spade at once. D. spit, a spade.", "3. A small point of land running into the sea, or a long narrow shoal extending from the shore into the sea; as a spit of sand.", "SPIT, v.t. from the noun.", "1. To thrust a spit through; to put upon a spit; as, to spit a loin of veal.", "2. To thrust through; to pierce.", "SPIT, v.t. pret. and pp. spit. Spat is obsolete. G. The sense is to throw or drive.", "1. To eject from the mouth; to thrust out, as saliva or other matter from the mouth.", "2. To eject or throw out with violence.", "SPIT, v.i. To throw out saliva from the mouth. It is a dirty trick to spit on the floor or carpet.", "SPIT, n. What is ejected from the mouth; saliva."], "spitted": ["SPITTED, pp. from spit.", "1. Put upon a spit.", "2. Shot out into length."], "spitting": ["SPITTING, ppr.", "1. Putting on a spit.", "2. Ejecting saliva from the mouth."], "spite": ["SPITE, n. L. Hatred; rancor; malice; malignity; malevolence.", "Spite, however, is not always synonymous with these words. It often denotes a less deliberate and fixed hatred than malice and malignity, and is often a sudden fit of ill will excited by temporary vexation. It is the effect of extreme irritation, and is accompanied with a desire of revenge, or at least a desire to vex the object of ill will.", "Be gone, ye critics, and restrain your spite; Codrus writes on, and will for ever write.", "In spite of, in opposition to all efforts; in defiance or contempt of. Sometimes spite of is used without in, but not elegantly. It is often used without expressing any malignity of meaning.", "Whom God made use of to speak a word in season, and saved me in spite of the world, the devil and myself.", "In spite of all applications, the patient grew worse every day.", "To owe one a spite, to entertain a temporary hatred for something.", "SPITE, v.t.", "1. To be angry or vexed at.", "2. To mischief; to vex; to treat maliciously; to thwart.", "3. To fill with spite or vexation; to offend; to vex.", "Darius, spited at the Magi, endeavored to abolish not only their learning but their language. Not used."], "spited": ["SPITED, pp. Hated; vexed."], "spiteful": ["SPITEFUL, a. Filled with spite; having a desire to vex, annoy or injure; malignant; malicious.", "--A wayward son, spiteful and wrathful."], "spitefulness": ["SPITEFULNESS, n. The desire to vex, annoy or mischief, proceeding from irritation; malice; malignity.", "It looks more like spitefulness and ill nature, than a diligent search after truth."], "spitefully": ["SPITEFULLY, adv. With a desire to vex, annoy or injure; malignantly; maliciously."], "spittle": ["SPITTLE, n. from spit.", "1. Saliva; the thick moist matter which is secreted by the salivary glands and ejected from the mouth.", "2. A small sort of spade. spaddle.", "SPITTLE. See Spital.", "SPITTLE, v.t. To dig or stir with a small spade. Local."], "spoil": ["SPOIL, v.t. L., to pull asunder, to tear, to strip, to peel.", "1. To plunder; to strip by violence; to rob; with of; as, to spoil one of his goods or possessions.", "My sons their old unhappy sire despise, Spoild of his kingdom, and deprivd of eyes.", "2. To seize by violence; to take by force; as, to spoil ones goods.", "This mount with all his verdure spoild--", "3. To corrupt; to cause to decay and perish. Heat and moisture will soon spoil vegetable and animal substances.", "4. To corrupt; to vitiate; to mar.", "Spiritual pride spoils many graces.", "5. To ruin; to destroy. Our crops are sometimes spoiled by insects.", "6. To render useless by injury; as, to spoil paper by wetting it.", "7. To injure fatally; as, to spoil the eyes by reading.", "SPOIL, v.i.", "1. To practice plunder or robbery.", "--Outlaws which, lurking in woods, used to break forth to rob and spoil.", "2. To decay; to lose the valuable qualities; to be corrupted; as, fruit will soon spoil in warm weather. Grain will spoil, if gathered when wet or moist.", "SPOIL, n. L.", "1. That which is taken from others by violence; particularly in war, the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage; booty.", "2. That which is gained by strength or effort.", "Each science and each art his spoil.", "3. That which is taken from another without license.", "Gentle gales fanning their odoriferous wings, dispense native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole their balmy spoils.", "4. The act or practice of plundering; robbery; waste.", "The man that hath not music in himself, nor is not movd with concord of sweet sounds, is fit for treason, stratagems and spoils.", "5. Corruption; cause of corruption.", "Villainous company hath been the spoil of me.", "6. The slough or cast skin of a serpent or other animal."], "spoiled": ["SPOILED, pp. Plundered; pillaged; corrupted; rendered useless."], "spoilful": ["SPOILFUL, a. Wasteful; rapacious. Little used."], "spoiling": ["SPOILING, ppr.", "1. Plundering; pillaging; corrupting; rendering useless.", "2. Wasting; decaying.", "SPOILING, n. Plunder; waste."], "spoiler": ["SPOILER, n.", "1. A plunderer; a pillager; a robber.", "2. One that corrupts, mars or renders useless."], "spoke": ["SPOKE, pret. of speak.", "SPOKE, n. G., this word, whose radical sense is to shoot or thrust, coincides with spike, spigot, pike, contracted from to spew.", "1. The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly.", "2. The spar or round of a ladder. Not in use in the United States."], "spoken": ["SPOKEN, pp. of speak. pron. spokn."], "spokesman": ["SPOKESMAN, n. speak, spoke, and man. One who speaks for another.", "He shall be thy spokesman to the people. Exodus 4."], "spoon": ["SPOON, n.", "1. A small domestic utensil, with a bowl or concave part and a handle, for dipping liquids; as a tea spoon; a table spoon.", "2. An instrument consisting of a bowl or hollow iron and a long handle, used for taking earth out of holes dug for setting posts.", "SPOON, v.i. To put before the wind in a gale. I believe not now used."], "spoonful": ["SPOONFUL, n. spoon and full.", "1. As much as a spoon contains or is able to contain; as a tea spoonful; a table spoonful.", "2. A small quantity of a liquid."], "sport": ["SPORT, n.", "1. That which diverts and makes merry; play; game; diversion; also, mirth. The word signifies both the cause and the effect; that which produces mirth, and the mirth or merriment produced.", "Her sports were such as carried riches of knowledge upon the stream of delight.", "Here the word denotes the cause of amusement.", "They called Samson out of the prison-house; and he made them sport. Judges 16.", "Here sport is the effect.", "2. Mock; mockery; contemptuous mirth.", "Then make sport at me, then let me be your jest.", "They made a sport of his prophets.", "3. That with which one plays, or which is driven about.", "To flitting leaves, the sport of every wind.", "Never does man appear to greater disadvantage than when he is the sport of his own ungoverned passions.", "4. Play; idle jingle.", "An author who should introduce such a sport of words upon our stage, would meet with small applause.", "5. Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing.", "In sport. To do a thing in sport, is to do it in jest, for play or diversion.", "So is the man that deceiveth his neighbor, and saith, am not I in sport? Proverbs 26.", "SPORT, v.t.", "1. To divert; to make merry; used with the reciprocal pronoun.", "Against whom do ye sport yourselves? Isaiah 47.", "2. To represent by any kind of play.", "Now sporting on thy lyre the love of youth.", "SPORT, v.i.", "1. To play; to frolick; to wanton.", "See the brisk lambs that sport along the mead.", "2. To trifle. The man that laughs at religion sports with his own salvation."], "sportful": ["SPORTFUL, a.", "1. Merry; frolicksome; full of jesting; indulging in mirth or play; as a sportful companion.", "Down he alights among the sportful herd.", "2. Ludicrous; done in jest or for mere play.", "These are no sportful productions of the soil."], "sportfulness": ["SPORTFULNESS, n. Play; merriment; frolick; a playful disposition; playfulness; as the sportfulness of kids and lambs."], "spot": ["SPOT, n. We see this word is of the family of spatter, and that the radical sense is to throw or thrust. A spot is made by spattering or sprinkling.", "1. A mark on a substance made by foreign matter; a speck; a blot; a place discolored. The least spot is visible on white paper.", "2. A stain on character or reputation; something that soils purity; disgrace; reproach; fault; blemish.", "Yet Chloe sure was formd without a spot.", "See 1 Peter 1:17, Ephesians 5:27.", "3. A small extent of space; a place; any particular place.", "The spot to which I point is paradise.", "Fixd to one spot.", "So we say, a spot of ground, a spot of grass or flowers; meaning a place of small extent.", "4. A place of a different color from the ground; as the spots of a leopard.", "5. A variety of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a spot on its head just above its beak.", "6. A dark place on the disk or face of the sun or of a planet.", "7. A lucid place in the heavens.", "Upon the spot, immediately; before moving; without changing place. So the French say, sur le champ.", "It was determined upon the spot.", "SPOT, v.t.", "1. To make a visible mark with some foreign matter; to discolor; to stain; as, to spot a garment; to spot paper.", "2. To patch by way of ornament.", "3. To stain; to blemish; to taint; to disgrace; to tarnish; as reputation.", "My virgin life no spotted thoughts shall stain.", "To stop timber, is to cut or chip it, in preparation for hewing."], "spotted": ["SPOTTED, pp. Marked with spots or places of a different color from the ground; as a spotted beast or garment."], "spotting": ["SPOTTING, ppr. Marking with spots; staining."], "spouse": ["SPOUSE, n. L., to engage. One engaged or joined in wedlock; a married person, husband or wife. We say of a man, that he is the spouse of such a woman; or of a woman, she is the spouse of such a man.", "SPOUSE, v.t. To wed; to espouse. Little used. See Espouse."], "spoused": ["SPOUSED, pp. Wedded; joined in marriage; married; but seldom used. The word used in lieu of it is espoused."], "sprang": ["SPRANG, pret. of spring; but sprung is more generally used."], "spread": ["SPREAD, SPRED, v.t. pret. and pp. spread or spred. G., to spread. The more correct orthography is spred.", "1. To extend in length and breadth, or in breadth only; to stretch or expand to a broader surface; as, to spread a carpet or a table cloth; to spread a sheet on the ground.", "2. To extend; to form into a plate; as, to spread silver. Jeremiah 10.", "3. To set; to place; to pitch; as, to spread a tent. Genesis 33.", "4. To cover by extending something; to reach every part.", "And an unusual paleness spreads her face.", "5. To extend; to shoot to a greater length in every direction, so as to fill or cover a wider space.", "The stately trees fast spread their branches.", "6. To divulge; to propagate; to publish; as news or fame; to cause to be more extensively know; as, to spread a report.", "In this use the word is sometimes accompanied with abroad.", "They, when they had departed, spread abroad his fame in all that country. Matthew 9.", "7. To propagate; to cause to affect greater numbers; as, to spread a disease.", "8. To emit; to diffuse; as emanations or effluvia; as, odoriferous plants spread their fragrance.", "9. To disperse; to scatter over a larger surface; as, to spread manure; to spread plaster or lime on the ground.", "10. To prepare; to set and furnish with provision; as, to spread a table. God spread a table for the Israelites in the wilderness.", "11. To open; to unfold; to unfurl; to stretch; as, to spread the sails of a ship.", "SPREAD, SPRED, v.i.", "1. To extend itself in length and breadth, in all directions, or in breadth only; to be extended or stretched. The larger elms spread over a space of forty or fifty yards in diameter; or the shade of the larger elms spreads over that space. The larger lakes in America spread over more than fifteen hundred square miles.", "Plants, if they spread much, are seldom tall.", "2. To be extended by drawing or beating; as, a metal spreads with difficulty.", "3. To be propagated or made known more extensively. Ill reports sometimes spread with wonderful rapidity.", "4. To be propagated from one to another; as, a disease spreads into all parts of a city. The yellow fever of American cities has not been found to spread in the country.", "SPREAD, SPRED, n.", "1. Extent; compass.", "I have a fine spread of improvable land.", "2. Expansion of parts.", "No flower has that spread of the woodbind."], "spreading": ["SPREADING, SPREDDING, ppr.", "1. Extending; expanding; propagating; divulging; dispersing; diffusing.", "2. a. Extending or extended over a large space; wide; as the spreading oak.", "Gov. Winthrop and his associates at Charleston had for a church a large spreading tree.", "SPREADING, SPREDDING, n. The act of extending, dispersing or propagating."], "sprig": ["SPRIG, n.", "1. A small shoot or twig of a tree or other plant; a spray; as a sprig of laurel or of parsely.", "2. A brad, or nail without a head. Local.", "3. The representation of a small branch in embroidery.", "4. A small eye-bolt ragged at the point.", "SPRIG, v.t. To mark or adorn with the representation of small branches; to work with sprigs; as, to sprig muslin."], "sprigged": ["SPRIGGED, pp. Wrought with representations of small twigs."], "sprigging": ["SPRIGGING, ppr. Working with sprigs."], "spring": ["SPRING, v.i. pret. sprung, sprang, not wholly obsolete; pp. sprung.", "1. To vegetate and rise out of the ground; to begin to appear; as vegetables.", "To satisfy the desolate ground, and cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth. Job 38.", "2. To begin to grow.", "The teeth of the young not sprung--", "3. To proceed, as from the seed or cause.", "Much more good of sin shall spring.", "4. To arise; to appear; to begin to appear or exist.", "When the day began to spring, they let her go. Judges 21", "Do not blast my springing hopes.", "5. To break forth; to issue into sight or notice.", "O spring to light; auspicious babe, be born.", "6. To issue or proceed, as from ancestors or from a country. Aaron and Moses sprung from Levi.", "7. To proceed, as from a cause, reason, principle, or other original. The noblest title springs from virtue.", "They found new hope to spring out of despair.", "8. To grow; to thrive.", "What makes all this but Jupiter the king, at whose command we perish and we spring.", "9. To proceed or issue, as from a fountain or source. Water springs from reservoirs in the earth. Rivers spring from lakes or ponds.", "10. To leap; to bound; to jump.", "The mountain stag that springs from highth to highth, and bounds along the plains--", "11. To fly back; to start; as, a bow when bent, springs back by its elastic power.", "12. To start or rise suddenly from a covert.", "Watchful as fowlers when their game will spring.", "13. To shoot; to issue with speed and violence.", "And sudden light sprung through the vaulted roof--", "14. To bend or wind from a straight direction or plane surface. Our mechanics say, a piece of timber or a plank springs in seasoning.", "To spring at, to leap towards; to attempt to reach by a leap.", "To spring in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste.", "To spring forth, to leap out; to rush out.", "To spring on or upon, to leap on; to rush on with haste or violence; to assault.", "SPRING, v.t.", "1. To start or rouse, as game; to cause to rise from the earth or from a covert; as, to spring a pheasant.", "2. To produce quickly or unexpectedly.", "The nurse, surprisd with fright, starts up and leaves her bed, and springs a light.", "I have never heard such an expression.", "3. To start; to contrive or to produce or propose on a sudden; to produce unexpectedly.", "The friends to the cause sprang a new project.", "In lieu of spring, the people int he United States generally use start; to start a new project.", "4. To cause to explode; as, to spring a mine.", "5. To burst; to cause to open; as, to spring a leak. When it is said, a vessel has sprung a leak, the meaning is, the leak has then commenced.", "6. To crack; as, to spring a mast or a yard.", "7. To cause to close suddenly, as the parts of a trap; as, to spring a trap.", "To spring a butt, in seamens language, to loosen the end of a plank in a ships bottom.", "To spring the luff, when a vessel yields to the helm, and sails nearer to the wind than before.", "To spring a fence, for to leap a fence, is not a phrase used in this country.", "To spring an arch, to set off, begin or commence an arch from an abutment or pier.", "SPRING, n.", "1. A leap; a bound; a jump; as of an animal.", "The prisner with a spring from prison broke.", "2. A flying back; the resilience of a body recovering its former state by its elasticity; as the spring of a bow.", "3. Elastic power or force. The soul or the mind requires relaxation, that it may recover its natural spring.", "Heavns, what a spring was in his arm.", "4. An elastic body; a body which, when bent or forced from its natural state, has the power of recovering it; as the spring of a watch or clock.", "5. Any active power; that by which action or motion is produced or propagated.", "--Like nature letting down the springs of life.", "Our author shuns by vulgar springs to move the heros glory--", "6. A fountain of water; an issue of water from the earth, or the basin of water at the place of its issue. Springs are temporary or perennial. From springs proceed rivulets, and rivulets united form rivers. Lakes and ponds are usually fed by springs.", "7. The place where water usually issues from the earth, though no water is there. Thus we say, a spring is dry.", "8. A source; that from which supplies are drawn. The real Christian has in his own breast a perpetual and inexhaustible spring of joy.", "The sacred spring whence right and honor stream.", "9. Rise; original; as the spring of the day. 1 Samuel 9.", "10. Cause; original. The springs of great events are often concealed from common observation.", "11. The season of the year when plants begin to vegetate and rise; the vernal season. This season comprehends the months of March, April and May, in the middle latitudes north of the equator.", "12. In seamens language, a crack in a mast or yard, running obliquely or transversely. In the sense of leak, I believe it is not used.", "13. A rope passed out of a ships stern and attached to a cable proceeding from her bow, when she is at anchor. It is intended to bring her broadside to bear upon some object. A spring is also a rope extending diagonally from the stern of one ship to the head of another, to make on ship sheer off to a greater distance.", "14. A plant; a shoot; a young tree. Not in use.", "15. A youth. Not in use.", "16. A hand; a shoulder of pork. Not in use."], "springe": ["SPRINGE, n. from spring. A gin; a noose; which being fastened to an elastic body, is drawn close with a sudden spring, by which means it catches a bird.", "SPRINGE, v.t. To catch in a springe; to ensnare."], "springing": ["SPRINGING, ppr. Arising; shooting up; leaping; proceeding; rousing.", "Sprining use, in law, a contingent use; a use which may arise upon a contingency.", "SPRINGING, n.", "1. The act or process of leaping, arising, issuing or proceeding.", "2. Growth; increase. Psalm 65.", "3. In building, the side of an arch contiguous to the part on which it rests."], "sprinkle": ["SPRINKLE, v.t. G., L.", "1. To scatter; to disperse; as a liquid or a dry substance composed of fine separable particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water; to sprinkle a floor with sand; to sprinkle paper with iron filings.", "2. To scatter on; to disperse on in small drops or particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water; to sprinkle a floor with sand; to sprinkle paper with iron filings.", "3. To wash; to cleanse; to purify.", "Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Hebrews 10.", "SPRINKLE, v.t.", "1. To perform the act of scattering a liquid or any fine substance, so that it may fall in small particles.", "The priest shall sprinkle of the oil with his fingers. Leviticus 14.", "Baptism may well enough be performed by sprinkling or effusion of water.", "2. To rain moderately; as it sprinkles.", "SPRINKLE, n. A small quantity scattered; also, an utensil for sprinkling."], "sprinkled": ["SPRINKLED, pp.", "1. Dispersed in small particles, as a liquid or as dust.", "2. Having a liquid or a fine substance scattered over."], "sprinkling": ["SPRINKLING, ppr.", "1. Dispersing, as a liquid or as dust.", "2. Scattering on, in fine drops or particles.", "SPRINKLING, n.", "1. The act of scattering in small drops or parcels.", "2. A small quantity falling in distinct drops or parts, or coming moderately; as a sprinkling of rain or snow."], "sprout": ["SPROUT, v.i. G.", "1. To shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push out new shoots. A grain that sprouts in ordinary temperature in ten days, may by an augmentation of heat be made to sprout in forty eight hours. The stumps of trees often sprout, and produce a new forest. Potatoes will sprout and produce a crop, although pared and deprived all their buds or eyes.", "2. To shoot into ramifications.", "Vitriol is apt to sprout with moisture.", "3. To grow, like shoots of plants.", "And on the ashes sprouting plumes appear.", "SPROUT, n.", "1. The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed or from the stump or from the root of a plant or tree. The sprouts of the cane, in Jamaica are called ratoons.", "2. A shoot from the end of a branch. The young shoots of shrubs are called sprouts, and in the forest often furnish browse of cattle."], "sprouts": ["SPROUTS, n. plu. Young coleworts."], "sprung": ["SPRUNG, pret. and pp. of spring. The man sprung over the ditch; the mast is sprung; a hero sprung from a race of kings."], "spun": ["SPUN, pret. and pp. of spin."], "spunge": ["SPUNGE, n. L., Gr.", "1. A porous marine substance, found adhering to rocks, shells, &c. Under water, and on rocks about the shore at low water. It is generally supposed to be of animal origin, and consists of a fibrous reticulated substance, covered by a soft gelatinous matter, but in which no polypes have hitherto been observed. It is so porous as to imbibe a great quantity of water, and is used for various purposes in the arts and in surgery.", "2. In gunnery, an instrument for cleaning cannon after a discharge. It consists of a cylinder of wood, covered with lamb skin. For small guns, it is commonly fixed to one end of the handle of the rammer.", "3. In the manege, the extremity or point of a horse-shoe, answering to the heel.", "Pyrotechnical spunge, is made of mushrooms or fungi, growing on old oaks, ash, fir, &c. which are boiled in water, dried and beaten, then put in a strong lye prepared with saltpeter, and again dried in an oven. This makes the black match or tinder brought from Germany.", "SPUNGE, v.t.", "1. To wipe with a wet spunge; as, to spunge a slate.", "2. To wipe out with a spunge, as letters or writing.", "3. To cleanse with a spunge; as, to spunge a cannon.", "4. To wipe out completely; to extinguish or destroy.", "SPUNGE, v.i.", "1. To suck in or imbibe, as a spunge.", "2. To gain by mean arts, by intrusion or hanging on; as an idler who spunges on his neighbor."], "spunged": ["SPUNGED, pp. Wiped with a spunge; wiped out; extinguished."], "spy": ["SPY, n.", "1. A person sent into an enemys camp to inspect their works, ascertain their works, ascertain their strength and their intentions, to watch their movements, and secretly communicate intelligence to the proper officer. By the laws of war among all civilized nations, a spy is subjected to capital punishment.", "2. A person deputed to watch the conduct of others.", "3. One who watches the conduct of others.", "These wretched spies of wit.", "SPY, v.t.", "1. To see; to gain sight of; to discover at a distance, or in a state of concealment. It is the same as espy; as, to spy land from the mast head of a ship.", "As tiger spied two gentle fawns.", "One in reading skipped over all sentences where he spied a note of admiration.", "2. To discover by close search or examination; as, a lawyer in examining the pleadings in a case, spies a defect.", "3. To explore; to view, inspect and examine secretly; as a country; usually with out.", "Moses sent to spy out Jaazer, and they took the villages thereof. Numbers 21.", "SPY, v.i. To search narrowly; to scrutinize.", "It is my natures plague to spy into abuse."], "square": ["SQUARE, a. Gr.", "1. Having four equal sides and four right angles; as a square room; a square figure.", "2. Forming a right angle; as an instrument for striking lines square.", "3. Parallel; exactly suitable; true.", "Shes a most triumphant lady, if report be square to her. Unusual.", "4. Having a straight front, or a frame formed with straight lines; not curving; as a man of a square frame; a square built man.", "5. That does equal justice; exact; fair; honest; as square dealing.", "6. Even; leaving no balance. Let us make or leave the accounts square.", "Three square, five square, having three or five equal sides, &c.; an abusive use of square.", "Square root, in geometry and arithmetic. The square root of a quantity or number is that which, multiplied by itself, produces the square. Thus 7 is the square root of 49, for 7 times 7 = 49.", "In seamens language, the yards are square, when they are arranged at right angles with the mast or the keel. The yards and sails are said also to be square, when they are of greater extent than usual.", "SQUARE, n.", "1. A figure having four equal sides and four right angles.", "2. An area of four sides, with houses on each side.", "The statue of Alexander VII. stands in the large square of the town.", "3. The content of the side of a figure squared.", "4. An instrument among mechanics by which they form right angles, or otherwise measure angles.", "5. Im geometry and arithmetic, a square or square number is the product of a number multiplied by itself. Thus 64 is the square of 8, for 8 times 8 = 64.", "6. Rule; regularity; exact proportion; justness of workmanship and conduct.", "They of Galatia much more out of square.", "I have not kept my square. Not in use.", "7. A square body of troops; a squadron; as the brave square of war. Not in use.", "8. A quaternion; four. Not in use.", "9. Level; equality.", "We live not on the square with such as these.", "10. In astrology, quartile; the position of planets distant ninety degrees from each other.", "11. Rule; conformity; accord. I shall break no squares with another for a trifle.", "Squares go. Let us see how the squares go, that is, how the game proceeds; a phrase taken from the game of chess, the chess board being formed with squares.", "SQUARE, v.t.", "1. To form with four equal sides and four right angles.", "2. To reduce to a square; to form to right angles; as, to square masons work.", "3. To reduce to any given measure or standard.", "4, To adjust; to regulate; to mold; to shape; as, to square our actions by the opinions of others; to square our lives by the precepts of the gospel.", "5. To accommodate; to fit; as, square my trial to my strength.", "6. To respect in quartile.", "7. To make even, so as to leave no difference or balance; as, to square accounts; a popular phrase.", "8. In arithmetic, to multiply a number by itself; as, to square the number.", "9. In seamens language, to square the yards, is to place them at right angles with the mast or keel.", "SQUARE, v.i.", "1. To suit; to fit; to quadrate; to accord or agree. His opinions do not square with the doctrines of philosophers.", "2. To quarrel; to go to opposite sides.", "Are you such fools to square for this? Not in use."], "squareness": ["SQUARENESS, n. The state of being square; as an instrument to try the squareness of work."], "stability": ["STABILITY, n. L. See Stab.", "1. Steadiness; stableness; firmness; strength to stand without being moved or overthrown; as the stability of a throne; the stability of a constitution of government.", "2. Steadiness or firmness of character; firmness of resolution or purpose; the qualities opposite to fickleness, irresolution or inconstancy. We say, a man of little stability, or of unusual stability.", "3. Fixedness; as opposed to fluidity. I believe not now used.", "Since fluidness and stability are contrary qualities--"], "stable": ["STABLE, a. L. The primary sense is set, fixed. See Stab.", "1. Fixed; firmly established; not to be easily moved, shaken or overthrown; as a stable government.", "2. Steady in purpose; constant; firm in resolution; not easily diverted from a purpose; not fickle or wavering; as a stable man; a stable character.", "3. Fixed; steady; firm; not easily surrendered or abandoned; as a man of stable principles.", "4. Durable; not subject to be overthrown or changed.", "In this region of chance and vanity, where nothing is stable--", "STABLE, v.t. To fix; to establish. Not used.", "STABLE, n. L., a stand, a fixed place, like stall. See the latter. These words do not primarily imply a covering for horses or cattle. A house or shed for beasts to lodge and feed in. In large towns, a stable is usually a building for horses only, or horses and cows, and often connected with a coach house. In the country towns in the northern states of America, a stable is usually an apartment in a barn in which hay and grain are deposited.", "STABLE, v.t. To put or keep in a stable. Our farmers generally stable not only horses, but oxen and cows in winter, and sometimes young cattle.", "STABLE, v.i. To dwell or lodge in a stable; to dwell in an inclosed place; to kennel."], "stabled": ["STABLED, pp. Put or kept in a stable."], "stableness": ["STABLENESS, n.", "1. Fixedness; firmness of position or establishment; strength to stand; stability; as the stableness of a throne or of a system of laws.", "2. Steadiness; constancy; firmness of purpose; stability; as stableness of character, of mind, of principles or opinions."], "stabling": ["STABLING, ppr. Putting or keeping in a stable.", "STABLING, n.", "1. The act or practice of keeping cattle in a stable.", "2. A house, shed or room for keeping horses and cattle."], "stablish": ["STABLISH, v.t. L. See Stab. To fix; to settle in a state for permanence; to make firm. In lieu of this, establish is now always used."], "stack": ["STACK, n.", "1. A large conical pile of hay, grain or straw, sometimes covered with thatch. In America, the stack differs from the cock only in size, both being conical. A long pile of hay or grain is called a rick. In England, this distinction is not always observed. This word in Great Britain is sometimes applied to a pile of wood containing 108 cubic feet, and also to a pile of poles; but I believe never in America.", "Against every pillar was a stack of billets above a mans highth.", "2. A number of funnels or chimneys standing together. We say, a stack of chimneys; which is correct, as a chimney is a passage. But we also call the whole stack a chimney. Thus we say, the chimney rises ten feet above the roof.", "STACK, v.t.", "1. To lay in a conical or other pile; to make into a large pile; as, to stack hay or grain.", "2. In England, to pile wood, poles, &c."], "stacked": ["STACKED, pp. Piled in a large conical heap."], "stacking": ["STACKING, ppr. Laying in a large conical heap."], "stacte": ["STACTE, n. L., Gr. A fatty resinous liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odoriferous and highly valued. But it is said we have none but what is adulterated, and what is so called is liquid storax."], "staff": ["STAFF, n. plu. G., a bar, a rod. The primary sense is to thrust, to shoot. See Stab.", "1. A stick carried in the hand for support or defense by a person walking; hence, a support; that which props or upholds. Bread is the proverbially called the staff of life.", "The boy was the very staff of my age.", "Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me. Psalm 23.", "2. A stick or club used as a weapon.", "With forks and staves the felon they pursue.", "3. A long piece of wood; a stick; the long handle of an instrument; a pole or stick, used for many purposes.", "4. The five lines and the spaces on which music is written.", "5. An ensign of authority; a badge of office; as a constables staff.", "6. The round of a ladder.", "7. A pole erected in a ship to hoist and display a flag; called a flag-staff. There is also a jack-staff, and an ensign-staff.", "8. In military affairs, an establishment of officers in various departments, attached to an army. The staff includes officers not of the line, as adjutants, quarter-masters, chaplain, surgeon, &c. The staff is the medium of communication from the commander in chief to every department of an army.", "9. A stanza; a series of verses so disposed that when it is concluded, the same order begins again.", "Cowley found out that no kind of staff is proper for a heroic poem, as being all too lyrical.", "10. Stave and staves, plu. of staff. See Stave."], "stagger": ["STAGGER, v.t.", "1. To reel; to vacillate; to move to one side and the other in standing or walking; not to stand or walk with steadiness.", "Deep was the wound; he staggerd with the blow.", "2. To fail; to cease to stand firm; to begin to give way.", "The enemy staggers.", "3. To hesitate; to begin to doubt and waver in purpose; to become less confident or determined.", "Abraham staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief. Romans 4."], "staggered": ["STAGGERED, pp. Made to reel; made to doubt and waver."], "staggering": ["STAGGERING, ppr. Causing to reel, to waver or to doubt.", "STAGGERING, n.", "1. The act of reeling.", "2. The cause of staggering."], "staggeringly": ["STAGGERINGLY, adv.", "1. In a reeling manner.", "2. With hesitation or doubt."], "staggers": ["STAGGERS, n. plu.", "1. A disease of horses and cattle, attended with reeling or giddiness; also, a disease of sheep, which inclines them to turn about suddenly.", "2. Madness; wild irregular conduct. Not in use."], "stain": ["STAIN, v.t. L., a sprinkle, a spread, a layer; to spread, expand, sprinkle, or be scattered. Gr.", "1. To discolor by the application of foreign matter; to make foul; to spot; as, to stain the hand with dye; to stain clothes with vegetable juice; to stain paper; armor stained with blood.", "2. To dye; to tinge with a different color; as, to stain cloth.", "3. To impress with figures, in colors different from the ground; as, to stain paper for hangings.", "4. To blot; to soil; to spot with guilt or infamy; to tarnish; to bring reproach on; as, to stain the character.", "Of honor void, of innocence, of faith, of purity, our wonted ornaments now soild and staind.", "STAIN, n.", "1. A spot; discoloration from foreign matter; as a stain on a garment or cloth.", "2. A natural spot of a color different from the ground.", "Swift trouts, diversified with crimson stains.", "3. Taint of guilt; tarnish; disgrace; reproach; as the stain of sin.", "Nor death itself can wholly wash their stains.", "Our opinion is, I hope, without any blemish or stain of heresy.", "4. Cause of reproach; shame.", "Hereby I will lead her that is the praise and yet the stain of all womankind."], "stained": ["STAINED, pp. Discolored; spotted; dyed; blotted; tarnished."], "staining": ["STAINING, ppr. Discoloring; spotting; tarnishing; dyeing."], "stair": ["STAIR, n.", "1. A step; a stone or a frame of boards or planks by which a person rises one step. A stair, to make the ascent easy, should not exceed six or seven inches in elevation. When the riser is eight, nine or ten inches in breadth, the ascent by stairs is laborious.", "2. Stairs, in the plural, a series of steps by which persons ascend to a higher room in a building. Stair, in this sense, is not in use.", "Flight of stairs, may signify the stairs which make the whole ascent of a story; or in winding stairs, the phrase may signify the stairs from the floor to a turn, or from one turn to another."], "stake": ["STAKE, n. The primary sense is to shoot, to thrust, hence to set or fix.", "1. A small piece of wood or timber, sharpened at one end and set in the ground, or prepared for setting, as a support to something. Thus stakes are used to support vines, to support fences, hedges and the like. A stake is not to be confounded with a post, which is a larger piece of timber.", "2. A piece of long rough wood.", "A sharpend stake strong Dryas found.", "3. A palisade, or something resembling it.", "4. The piece of timber to which a martyr is fastened when he is to be burnt. Hence, to perish at the stake, is to die a martyr, or to die in torment. Hence,", "5. Figuratively, martyrdom. The stake was prepared for those who were convicted of heresy.", "6. That which is pledged and wagered; that which is set, thrown down or laid, to abide the issue of a contest, to be gained by victory or lost by defeat.", "7. The state of being laid or pledged as a wager. His honor is at stake.", "8. A small anvil to straighten cold word, or to cut and punch upon.", "STAKE, v.t.", "1. To fasten, support or defend with stakes; as, to stake vines or plants.", "2. To mark the limits by stakes; with out; as, to stake out land; to stake out a new road, or the ground for a canal.", "3. To wager; to pledge; to put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a future contingency.", "Ill stake yon lamb that near the fountain plays.", "4. To point or sharpen stakes. Not used in America.", "5. To pierce with a stake."], "staked": ["STAKED, pp. Fastened or supported by stakes; set or marked with stakes; wagered; put at hazard."], "staking": ["STAKING, ppr.", "1. Supporting with stakes; marking with stakes; wagering; putting at hazard.", "2. Sharpening; pointing."], "stalk": ["STALK, n. G., a handle, and a stalk or stem. Gr. from the root of stall; to set.", "1. The stem, culm or main body of an herbaceous plant. Thus we speak of a stalk of wheat, rye or oats, the stalks of maiz or hemp. The stalk of herbaceous plants, answers to the stem of shrubs and tress, and denotes that which is set, the fixed part of a plant, its support; or it is a shoot.", "2. The pedicle of a flower, or the peduncle that supports the fructification of a plant.", "3. The stem of a quill.", "STALK, v.i.", "1. To walk with high and proud steps; usually implying the affectation of dignity, and hence the word usually expresses dislike. The poets however use the word to express dignity of step.", "With manly mein he stalkd along the ground.", "Then stalking through the deep he fords the ocean.", "2. It is used with some insinuation of contempt or abhorrence.", "Stalks close behind her, like a witchs fiend, pressing to be employd.", "Tis not to stalk about and draw fresh air from time to time.", "3. To walk behind a stalking horse or behind a cover.", "The king crept under the shoulder of his led horse, and said, I must stalk.", "STALK, n. A high, proud, stately step or walk."], "stalked": ["STALKED, a. Having a stalk."], "stalking": ["STALKING, ppr. Walking with proud or lofty steps."], "stall": ["STALL, n. G., to set, that is, to throw down, to thrust down. See Still.", "1. Primarily, a stand; a station; a fixed spot; hence, the stand or place where a horse or an ox is kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the apartment for one horse or ox. The stable contains eight or ten stalls.", "2. A stable; a place for cattle.", "At last he found a stall where oxen stood.", "3. In 1 Kings 4:26 stall is used for horse. Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots. In 2 Chronicles 9:25, stall means stable. Solomon had four thousand stalls for horses and chariots. These passages are reconciled by the definition given above; Solomon had four thousand stables, each containing ten stalls; forty thousand stalls.", "4. A bench, form or frame of shelves in the open air, where any thing is exposed to sale. It is curious to observe the stalls of books in the boulevards and other public places in Paris.", "5. A small house or shed in which an occupation is carried on; as a butchers stall.", "6. The seat of a dignified clergyman in the choir.", "The dignified clergy, out of humility, have called their thrones by the name of stalls. probably a mistake of the reason.", "STALL, v.t.", "1. To put into a stable; or to keep in a stable; as, to stall an ox.", "Where king Latinus then his oxen stalld.", "2. To install; to place in an office with the customary formalities. For this, install is now used.", "3. To set; to fix; to plunge into mire so as not to be able to proceed; as, to stall horses or a carriage. This phrase I have heard in Virginia. In New England, set is used in a like sense.", "STALL, v.i.", "1. To dwell; to inhabit.", "We could not stall together in the world. Not in use.", "2. To kennel.", "3. To be set, as in mire.", "4. To be tired of eating, as cattle."], "stammer": ["STAMMER, v.i. Literally, to stop in uttering syllables or words; to stutter; to hesitate or falter in speaking; and hence, to speak with stops and difficulty. Demosthenes is said to have stammered in speaking, and to have overcome the difficulty by persevering efforts.", "STAMMER, v.t. To utter or pronounce with hesitation or imperfectly."], "stammerer": ["STAMMERER, n. One that stutters or hesitates in speaking."], "stammering": ["STAMMERING, ppr.", "1. Stopping or hesitating in the uttering of syllables and words; stuttering.", "2. a. Apt to stammer.", "STAMMERING, n. The act of stopping or hesitating in speaking; impediment in speech."], "stammeringly": ["STAMMERINGLY, adv. With stops or hesitation in speaking."], "stamp": ["STAMP, v.t. G. In a general sense, to strike; to beat; to press. Hence,", "1. To strike or beat forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downwards; as, to stamp the ground.", "He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. In this sense, the popular pronunciation is stomp, with a broad.", "2. To impress with some mark or figure; as, to stamp a plate with arms or initials.", "3. To impress; to imprint; to fix deeply; as, to stamp virtuous principles on the heart. See Enstamp.", "4. To fix a mark by impressing it; as a notion of the Deity stamped on the mind.", "God has stamped no original characters on our minds, wherein we may read his being.", "5. To make by impressing a mark; as, to stamp pieces of silver.", "6. To coin; to mint; to form.", "STAMP, v.i. To strike the foot forcibly downwards.", "But starts, exclaims, and stamps, and raves, and dies.", "STAMP, n.", "1. Any instrument for making impressions on other bodies.", "Tis gold so pure, it cannot bear the stamp without alloy.", "2. A mark imprinted; an impression.", "That sacred name gives ornament and grace, and , like his stamp, makes basest metals pass.", "3. That which is marked; a thing stamped.", "Hanging a golden stamp about their necks.", "4. A picture cut in wood or metal, or made by impression; a cut; a plate.", "At Venice they put out very curious stamps of the several edifices which are most famous for their beauty and magnificence.", "5. A mark set upon things chargeable with duty to government, as evidence that the duty is paid. We see such stamps on English newspapers.", "6. A character of reputation, good or bad, fixed on any thing. These persons have the stamp of impiety. The Scriptures bear the stamp of a divine origin.", "7. Authority; current value derived from suffrage or attestation.", "Of the same stamp is that which is obtruded on us, that an adamant suspends the attraction of the loadstone.", "8. Make; cast; form; character; as a man of the same stamp, or of a different stamp.", "9. In metallurgy, a kind of pestle raised by a water wheel, for beating ores to powder; any thing like a pestle used for pounding or beating."], "stamped": ["STAMPED, pp. Impressed with a mark or figure; coined; imprinted; deeply fixed."], "stamping": ["STAMPING, ppr. Impressing with a mark or figure; coining; imprinting."], "stanch": ["STANCH, v.t. In a general sense, to stop; to set or fix; but applied only to the blood; to stop the flowing of blood. Cold applications to the neck will often stanch the bleeding of the nose.", "STANCH, v.i. To stop, as blood; to cease to flow.", "Immediately the issue of her blood stanched. Luke 8.", "STANCH, a. This is the same word as the foregoing, the primary sense of which is to set; hence the sense of firmness.", "1. Sound; firm; strong and tight; as a stanch ship.", "2. Firm in principle; steady; constant and zealous; hearty; as a stanch churchman; a stanch republican; a stanch friend or adherent.", "In politics I hear youre stanch.", "3. Strong; not to be broken.", "4. Firm; close.", "This is to be kept stanch.", "A stanch hound, is one that follows the scent closely without error or remissness."], "stanched": ["STANCHED, pp. Stopped or restrained from flowing."], "stanching": ["STANCHING, ppr. Stopping the flowing of blood."], "stanchness": ["STANCHNESS, n. Soundness; firmness in principle; closeness of adherence."], "stand": ["STAND, v.i. pret. and pp. stood. This verb, if from the root of G., is a derivative from the noun, which is formed from the participle of the original verb. In this case, the noun should properly precede the verb. It may be here remarked that if stan is the radical word, stand and L. Sto cannot be from the same stock. But stand in the pret. is stood, and sto forms steti. This induces a suspicion that stan is not the root of stand, but that n is casual. I am inclined however to believe these words to be from different roots. The Russ. Stoyu, to stand, is the L. sto, but it signifies also to be, to exist, being the substantive verb.", "1. To be upon the feet, as an animal; not to sit, kneel or lie.", "The absolution to be pronounced by the priest alone, standing.", "And the king turned his face about and blessed all the congregation of Israel, and all the congregation of Israel stood. 1 Kings 8.", "2. To be erect, supported by the roots, as a tree or other plant. Notwithstanding the violence of the wind, the tree yet stands.", "3. To be on its foundation; not to be overthrown or demolished; as, an old castle is yet standing.", "4. To be placed or situated; to have a certain position or location. Paris stands on the Seine. London stands on the Thames.", "5. To remain upright, in a moral sense; not to fall.", "To stand or fall, free in thy own arbitrement it lies.", "6. To become erect.", "Mute and amazd, my hair with horror stood.", "7. To stop; to halt; not to proceed.", "I charge thee, stand, and tell thy name.", "8. To stop; to be at a stationary point.", "Say, at what part of nature will they stand?", "9. To be in a state of fixedness; hence, to continue; to endure. Our constitution has stood nearly forty years. It is hoped it will stand for ages.", "Commonwealth by virtue ever stood.", "10. To be fixed or steady; not to vacillate. His mind stands unmoved.", "11. To be in or to maintain a posture of resistance or defense. Approach with charged bayonets; the enemy will not stand.", "The king granted the Jews to stand for their life. Esther 8.", "12. To be placed with regard to order or rank. Note the letter that stands first in order. Gen. Washington stood highest in public estimation. Christian charity stands first in the rank of gracious affections.", "13. To be in particular state; to be, emphatically expressed, that is, to be fixed or set; the primary sense of the substantive verb. How does the value of wheat stand? God stands in no need of our services, but we always stand in need of his aid and his mercy.", "Accomplish what your signs foreshow; I stand resignd.", "14. To continue unchanged or valid; not to fail or become void.", "No condition of our peace can stand.", "My mercy will I keep for him, and my covenant shall stand fast with him. Psalm 89.", "15. To consist; to have its being and essence.", "Sacrifices--which stood only in meats and drinks. Hebrews 9.", "16. To have a place.", "This excellent man, who stood not on the advantage-ground before, provoked men of all qualities.", "17. To be in any state. Let us see how our matters stand.", "As things now stand with us--", "18. To be in particular respect or relation; as, to stand godfather to one. We ought to act according to the relation we stand in towards each other.", "19. To be, with regard to state of mind.", "Stand in awe, and sin not. Psalm 4.", "20. To succeed; to maintain ones ground; not to fail; to be acquitted; to be safe.", "Readers by whose judgment I would stand or fall--", "21. To hold a course at sea; as, to stand from the shore; to stand for the harbor.", "From the same parts of heavn his navy stands.", "22. To have a direction.", "The wand did not really stand to the metal, when placed under it.", "23. To offer ones self as a candidate.", "He stood to be elected one of the proctors of the university.", "24. To place ones self; to be placed.", "I stood between the Lord and you at that time-- Deuteronomy 5.", "25. To stagnate; not to flow.", "--Or the black water of Pomptina stands.", "26. To be satisfied or convinced.", "Though Page be a secure fool, and stand so firmly on his wifes frailty--", "27. To make delay. I cannot stand to examine every particular.", "28. To persist; to persevere.", "Never stand in a lie when thou art accused.", "29. To adhere; to abide.", "Despair would stand to the sword.", "30. To be permanent; to endure; not to vanish or fade ; as, the color will stand.", "To stand by,", "1. To be near; to be a spectator; to be present. I stood by when the operation was performed. This phrase generally implies that the person is inactive, or takes no part in what is done. In seamens language, to stand by is to attend and be ready. Stand by the haliards.", "2. To be aside; to be placed aside with disregard.", "In the mean time, we let the commands stand by neglected.", "3. To maintain; to defend; to support; not to desert. I will stand by my friend to the last. Let us stand by our country. To stand by the Arundelian marbles, in Pope, is to defend or support their genuineness.", "4. To rest on for support; to be supported.", "This reply standeth by conjecture.", "To stand for,", "1. To offer ones self as a candidate.", "How many stand for consulships?--Three.", "2. To side with; to support; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to maintain. We all stand for freedom, for our rights or claims.", "3. To be in the place of; to be the substitute or representative of. A cipher at the left hand of a figure stands for nothing.", "I will not trouble myself, whether these names stand for the same thing, or really include one another.", "4. In seamens language, to direct the course towards.", "To stand from, to direct the course from.", "To stand one in, to cost. The coat stands him in twenty dollars.", "To stand in, or stand in for, in seamens language, is to direct a course towards land or a harbor.", "To stand off,", "1. To keep at a distance.", "2. Not to comply.", "3. To keep at a distance in friendship or social intercourse; to forbear intimacy.", "We stand off from an acquaintance with God.", "4. To appear prominent; to have relief.", "Picture is best when it standeth off, as if it were carved.", "To stand off, or off from, in seamens language, is to direct the course from land.", "To stand off and on, is to sail towards land and then from it.", "To stand out,", "1. To project; to be prominent.", "Their eyes stand out with fatness. Psalm 73.", "2. To persist in opposition or resistance; not to yield or comply; not to give way or recede.", "His spirit is come in, that so stood out against the holy church.", "3. With seamen, to direct the course from land or a harbor.", "To stand to,", "1. To ply; to urge efforts; to persevere.", "Stand to your tackles, mates, and stretch your oars.", "2. To remain fixed in a purpose or opinion.", "I still stand to it, that this is his sense.", "3. To abide by; to adhere; as to a contract, assertion, promise, &c.; as, to stand to an award; to stand to ones word.", "4. Not to yield; not to fly; to maintain the ground.", "Their lives and fortunes were put in safety, whether they stood to it or ran away.", "To stand to sea, to direct the course from land.", "To stand under, to undergo; to sustain.", "To stand up,", "1. To rise from sitting; to be on the feet.", "2. To arise in order to gain notice.", "Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought no accusation of such things as I supposed. Acts 25.", "3. To make a party.", "When we stood up about the corn--", "To stand up for, to defend; to justify; to support, or attempt to support; as, to stand up for the administration.", "To stand upon,", "1. To concern; to interest. Does it not stand upon them to examine the grounds of their opinion? This phrase is, I believe, obsolete; but we say, it stands us in hand, that is, it is our concern, it is for our interest.", "2. To value; to pride.", "We highly esteem and stand much upon our birth.", "3. To insist; as, to stand upon security.", "To stand with, to be consistent. The faithful servants of God will receive what they pray for, so far as stands with his purposes and glory.", "It stands with reason that they should be rewarded liberally.", "To stand together, is used, but the last two phrases are not in very general use, and are perhaps growing obsolete.", "To stand against, to oppose; to resist.", "To stand fast, to be fixed; to be unshaken or immovable.", "To stand in hand, to be important to ones interest; to be necessary or advantageous. It stands us in hand to be on good terms with our neighbors.", "STAND, v.t.", "1. To endure; to sustain; to bear. I cannot stand the cold or the heat.", "2. To endure; to resist without yielding or receding.", "So had I stood the shock of angry fat.", "He stood the furious foe.", "3. To await; to suffer; to abide by.", "Bid him disband the legions--and stand the judgment of a Roman senate.", "To stand ones ground, to deep the ground or station one has taken; to maintain ones position; in a literal or figurative sense; as, an army stands its ground, when it is not compelled to retreat. A man stands his ground in an argument, when he is able to maintain it, or is not refuted.", "To stand it, to bear; to be able to endure; or to maintain ones ground or state; a popular phrase.", "To stand trial, is to sustain the trial or examination of a cause; not to give up without trial.", "STAND, n.", "1. A stop; a halt; as, to make a stand; to come to a stand, either in walking or in any progressive business.", "The horse made a stand, when he charged them and routed them.", "2. A station; a place or post where one stands; or a place convenient for persons to remain for any purpose. The sellers of fruit have their several stands in the market.", "I took my stand upon an eminence.", "3. Rank; post; station.", "Father, since your fortune did attain so high a stand, I mean not to descend.", "In lieu of this, standing is now used. He is a man of high standing in his own country.", "4. The act of opposing.", "We have come off like Romans; neither foolish in our stands, nor cowardly in retire.", "5. The highest point; or the ultimate point of progression, where a stop is made, and regressive motion commences. The population of the world will not come to a stand, while the means of subsistence can be obtained. The prosperity of the Roman empire came to a stand in the reign of Augustus; after which it declined.", "Vice is at stand, and at the highest flow.", "6. A young tree, usually reserved when the other trees are cut. English.", "7. A small table; as a candle-stand; or any frame on which vessels and utensils may be laid.", "8. In commerce, a weight of from two hundred and a half to three hundred of pitch.", "9. Something on which a thing rests or is laid; as a hay-stand.", "Stand of arms, in military affairs, a musket with its usual appendages, as a bayonet, cartridge box, &c.", "To be at a stand, to stop on account of some doubt or difficulty; hence, to be perplexed; to be embarrassed; to hesitate what to determine, or what to do."], "standing": ["STANDING, ppr.", "1. Being on the feet; being erect. See Stand.", "2. Moving in a certain direction to or from an object.", "3. a. Settled; established, either by law or by custom, &c.; continually existing; permanent; not temporary; as a standing army. Money is the standing measure of the value of all other commodities. Legislative bodies have certain standing rules of proceeding. Courts of law are or ought to be governed by standing rules. There are standing rules of pleading. The gospel furnishes us with standing rules of morality. The Jews by their dispersion and their present condition, are a standing evidence of the truth of revelation and of the prediction of Moses. Many fashionable vices and follies ought to be the standing objects of ridicule.", "4. Lasting; not transitory; not liable to fade or vanish; as a standing color.", "5. Stagnant; not flowing; as standing water.", "6. Fixed; not movable; as a standing bed; distinguished from a truckle bed.", "7. Remaining erect; not cut down; as standing corn.", "Standing rigging, of a ship. This consists of the cordage or ropes which sustain the masts and remain fixed in their position. Such are the shrouds and stays.", "STANDING, n.", "1. Continuance; duration or existence; as a custom of long standing.", "2. Possession of an office, character or place; as a patron or officer of long standing.", "3. Station; place to stand in.", "I will provide you with a good standing to see his entry.", "4. Power to stand.", "I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing. Psalm 69.", "5. Rank; condition in society; as a man of good standing or of high standing among his friends."], "standard": ["STANDARD, n. G., sort, kind.", "1. An ensign of war; a staff with a flag or colors. The troops repair to their standard. The royal standard of Great Britain is a flag, in which the imperial ensigns of England, Scotland and Ireland are quartered with the armorial bearings of Hanover.", "His armies, in the following day, on those fair plains their standards proud display.", "2. That which is established by sovereign power as a rule or measure by which others are to be adjusted. Thus the Winchester bushel is the standard of measures in Great Britain, and is adopted in the United States as their standard. So of weights and of long measure.", "3. That which is established as a rule or model, by the authority of public opinion, or by respectable opinions, or by custom or general consent; as writings which are admitted to be the standard of style and taste. Homers Iliad is the standard of heroic poetry. Demosthenes and Cicero are the standards of oratory. Of modern eloquence, we have an excellent standard in the speeches of lord Chatham. Addisons writings furnish a good standard of pure, chaste and elegant English stayle. It is not an easy thing to erect a standard of taste.", "4. In coinage, the proportion of weight of fine metal and alloy established by authority. The coins of England and of the United States are of nearly the same standard.", "By the present standard of the coinage, sixty two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.", "5. A standing tree or stem; a tree not supported or attached to a wall.", "Plant fruit of all sorts and standard, mural, or shrubs which lose their leaf.", "6. In ship-building, an inverted knee placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.", "7. In botany, the upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corol."], "stank": ["STANK, a. Weak; worn out. Not in use.", "STANK, v.i. To sigh. Not used.", "STANK, old pret. of stink. Stunk is now used.", "STANK, n. See Stanch. A dam or mound to stop water. Local."], "star": ["STAR, n.", "1. An apparently small luminous body in the heavens, that appears in the night, or when its light is not obscured by clouds or lost in the brighter effulgence of the sun. Stars are fixed or planetary. The fixed stars are known by their perpetual twinkling, and by their being always in the same position in relation to each other. The planets do not twinkle, and they revolve about the sun. The stars are worlds, and their immense numbers exhibit the astonishing extent of creation and of divine power.", "2. The pole-star. A particular application, not in use.", "3. In astrology, a configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune. Hence the expression, You may thank your stars for such and such an event.", "A pair of star-crossd lovers.", "4. The figure of a star; a radiated mark in writing or printing; an asterisk; thus*; used as a reference to a note in the margin, or to fill a blank in writing or printing where letters are omitted.", "5. In Scripture, Christ is called the bright and morning star, the star that ushers in the light of an eternal day to his people. Revelations 22. Ministers are also called stars in Christs right hand, as, being supported and directed by Christ, they convey light and knowledge to the followers of Christ. Revelations 1. The twelve stars which form the crown of the church, are the twelve apostles. Revelations 12.", "6. The figure of a star; a badge of rank; as stars and garters.", "The pole-star, a bright star in the tail of Ursa minor, so called from its being very near the north pole.", "Star of Bethlehem, a flower and plant of the genus Ornithogalum. There is also the star of Alexandria, and of Naples, and of Constantinople, of the same genus.", "STAR, v.t. To set or adorn with stars or bright radiating bodies; to bespangle; as a robe starred with gems."], "starred": ["STARRED, pp. or a. from star.", "1. Adorned or studded with stars; as the starred queen of Ethiopia.", "2. Influenced in fortune by the stars.", "My third comfort, starrd most unluckily--"], "starring": ["STARRING, ppr. or a.", "1. Adorning with stars.", "2. Shining; bright; sparkling; as starring comets. Not in use."], "stare": ["STARE, n. A bird, the starling.", "STARE, v.i. The sense then is to open or extend, and it seems to be closely allied to G., stiff, and to starch, stern, which imply straining, tension.", "1. To gaze; to look with fixed eyes wide open; to fasten an earnest look on some object. Staring is produced by wonder, surprise, stupidity, horror, fright and sometimes by eagerness to hear or learn something, sometimes by impudence. We say, he stared with astonishment.", "Look not big, nor stare, nor fret.", "2. To stand out; to be prominent.", "Take off all the staring straws and jaggs in the hive. Not used.", "To stare in the face, to be before the eyes or undeniably evident.", "The law stares them int he face, while they are breaking it.", "STARE, n. A fixed look with eyes wide open."], "staring": ["STARING, ppr. Gazing; looking with fixed eyes."], "stargazer": ["STARGAZER, n. star and gazer. One who gazes at the stars; a term of contempt for an astrologer, sometimes used ludicrously for an astronomer."], "stargazing": ["STARGAZING, n. The act or practice of observing the stars with attention; astrology."], "state": ["STATE, n. L., to stand, to be fixed.", "1. Condition; the circumstances of a being or thing at any given time. These circumstances may be internal, constitutional or peculiar to the being, or they may have relation to other beings. We say, the body is in a sound state, or it is in a weak state; or it has just recovered from a feeble state. The state of his health is good. The state of his mind is favorable for study. So we say, the state of public affairs calls for the exercise of talents and wisdom. In regard to foreign nations, our affairs are in a good state. So we say, single state, and married state.", "Declare the past and present state of things.", "2. Modification of any thing.", "Keep the state of the question in your eye.", "3. Crisis; stationary point; highth; point from which the next movement is regression.", "Tumors have their several degrees and times, as beginning, augment, state and declination. Not in use.", "4. Estate; possession. See Estate.", "5. A political body, or body politic; the whole body of people united under one government, whatever may be the form of the government.", "Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state.", "More usually the word signifies a political body governed by representatives; a commonwealth; as the States of Greece; the States of America. In this sense, state has sometimes more immediate reference to the government, sometimes to the people or community. Thus when we say, the state has made provision for the paupers, the word has reference to the government or legislature; but when we say, the state is taxed to support paupers, the word refers to the whole people or community.", "6. A body of men united by profession, or constituting a community of a particular character; as the civil and ecclesiastical states in Great Britain. But these are sometimes distinguished by the terms church and state. In this case, state signifies the civil community or government only.", "7. Rank; condition; quality; as the state of honor.", "8. Pomp; appearance of greatness.", "In state the monarchs marchd.", "Where least of state, there most of love is shown.", "9. Dignity; grandeur.", "She instructed him how he should keep state, yet with a modest sense of his misfortunes.", "10. A seat of dignity.", "This chair shall be my state.", "11. A canopy; a covering of dignity.", "His high throne, under state of richest texture spread-- Unusual.", "12. A person of high rank. Not in use.", "13. The principal persons in a government.", "The bold design pleasd highly those infernal states.", "14. The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country; as the states general.", "15. Joined with another word, it denotes public, or what belongs to the community or body politic; as state affairs; state policy.", "STATE, v.t.", "1. To set; to settle. See Stated.", "2. To express the particulars of any thing verbally; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite. The witnesses stated all the circumstances of the transaction. They are enjoined to state all the particulars. It is the business of the advocate to state the whole case. Let the question be fairly stated."], "stated": ["STATED, pp.", "1. Expressed or represented; told; recited.", "2. a. Settled; established; regular; occurring at regular times; not occasional; as stated hours of business.", "3. Fixed; established; as a stated salary."], "stately": ["STATELY, a.", "1. Lofty; dignified; majestic; as stately manners; a stately gait.", "2. Magnificent; grand; as a stately edifice; a stately dome; a stately pyramid.", "3. Elevated in sentiment.", "STATELY, adv. Majestically; loftily."], "states": ["STATES, n. plu. Nobility."], "station": ["STATION, n. L.", "1. The act of standing.", "Their manner was to stand at prayer--on which their meetings for that purpose received the name of stations.", "2. A state of rest.", "All progression is preformed by drawing on or impelling forward what was before in station or at quiet. Rare.", "3. The spot or place where one stands, particularly where a person habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a time; as the station of a sentinel. Each detachment of troops had its station.", "4. Post assigned; office; the part or department of public duty which a person is appointed to perform. The chief magistrate occupies the first political station in a nation. Other officers fill subordinate stations. The office of bishop is an ecclesiastical station of great importance. It is the duty of the executive to fill all civil and military stations with men of worth.", "5. Situation; position.", "The fig and date, why love they to remain in middle station?", "6. Employment; occupation; business.", "By sending the sabbath in retirement and religious exercises, we gain new strength and resolution to perform Gods will in our several stations the week following.", "7. Character; state.", "The greater part have kept their station.", "8. Rank; condition of life. He can be contented with a humble station.", "9. In church history, the fast of the fourth and sixth days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in memory of the council which condemned Christ, and of his passion.", "10. In the church of Rome, a church where indulgences are to be had on certain days.", "STATION, v.t. To place; to set; or to appoint to the occupation of a post, place or office; as, to station troops on the right or left of an army; to station a sentinel on a rampart; to station ships on the coast of Africa or in the West Indies; to station a man at the head of the department of finance."], "stational": ["STATIONAL, a. Pertaining to a station."], "stationer": ["STATIONER, n. from station, a state. A bookseller; one who sells books, paper, quills, inkstands, pencils and other furniture for writing. The business of the bookseller and stationer is usually carried on by the same person."], "stature": ["STATURE, n. L., to set. The natural highth of an animal body. It is more generally used of the human body.", "Foreign men of mighty stature came."], "statured": ["STATURED, a. Arrived at full stature. Little used."], "statutable": ["STATUTABLE, a. from statute.", "1. Made or introduced by statute; proceeding from an act of the legislature; as a statutable provision or remedy.", "2. Made or being in conformity to statute; as statutable measures."], "statutably": ["STATUTABLY, adv. In a manner agreeable to statute."], "statute": ["STATUTE, L., to set.", "1. An act of the legislature of a state that extends its binding force to all the citizens or subjects of that state, as distinguished from an act which extends only to an individual or company; an act of the legislature commanding or prohibiting something; a positive law. Statutes are distinguished from common law. The latter owes its binding force to the principles of justice, to long use and the consent of a nation. The former owe their binding force to a positive command or declaration of the supreme power. Statute is commonly applied to the acts of a legislative body consisting of representatives. In monarchies, the laws of the sovereign are called edicts, decrees, ordinances, rescripts, &c.", "2. A special act of the supreme power, of a private nature, or intended to operate only on an individual or company.", "3. The act of a corporation or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule or law; as the statutes of a university."], "stave": ["STAVE, n. from staff. It has the sound of a, as in save.", "1. A thin narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made. Staves make a considerable articles of export from New England to the West Indies.", "2. A staff; a metrical portion; a part of a psalm appointed to be sung in churches.", "3. In music, the five horizontal and parallel lines on which the notes of tunes are written or printed; the staff, as it is now more generally written.", "To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a staff and by pulling the tail.", "STAVE, v.t. pret. stove or staved; pp. id.", "1. To break a hole in; to break; to burst; primarily, to thrust through with a staff; as, to stave a cask.", "2. To push as with a staff; with off.", "The condition of a servant staves him off to a distance.", "3. To delay; as, to stave off the execution of a project.", "4. To pour out; to suffer to be lost by breaking the cask.", "All the wine in the city has been staved.", "5. To furnish with staves or rundles. Not in use.", "STAVE, v.i. To fight with staves. Not in use."], "staves": ["STAVES, plu. of staff, when applied to a stick, is pronounced with a as in ask, the Italian sound."], "stay": ["STAY, v.i. pret. staid, for stayed. L., to stand.", "1. To remain; to continue in a place; to abide for any indefinite time. Do you stay here, while I go to the next house. Stay here a week. We staid at the Hotel Montmorenci.", "Stay, I command you; stay and hear me first.", "2. To continue in a state.", "The flames augment, and stay at their full highth, then languish to decay.", "3. To wait; to attend; to forbear to act.", "I stay for Turnus.", "Would ye stay for them from having husbands? Ruth 1.", "4. To stop; to stand still.", "She would command the hasty sun to stay.", "5. To dwell.", "I must stay a little on one action.", "6. To rest; to rely; to confide in; to trust.", "Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression, and stay thereon--Isaiah 30.", "STAY, v.t. pret. and pp. staid, for stayed.", "1. To stop; to hold from proceeding; to withhold; to restrain.", "All that may stay the mind from thinking that true which they heartily wish were false.", "To stay these sudden gusts of passion.", "2. To delay; to obstruct; to hinder from proceeding.", "Your ships are staid at Venice.", "I was willing to stay my reader on an argument that appeared to me to be new.", "3. To keep from departure; as, you might have staid me here.", "4. To stop from motion or falling; to prop; to hold up; to support.", "Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands. Exodus 17.", "Sallows and reeds for vineyards useful found to stay thy vines.", "5. To support from sinking; to sustain with strength; as, to take a luncheon to stay the stomach.", "STAY, n.", "1. Continuance in a place; abode for a time indefinite; as, you make a short stay in this city.", "Embrace the hero, and his stay implore.", "2. Stand; stop; cessation of motion or progression.", "Affairs of state seemd rather to stand at a stay.", "But in this sense, we now use stand; to be at a stand.", "3. Stop; obstruction; hinderance from progress.", "Grievd with each step, tormented with each stay.", "4. Restraint of passion; moderation; caution; steadiness; sobriety.", "With prudent stay, he long deferrd the rough contention.", "5. A fixed state.", "Alas, what stay is there in human state!", "6. Prop; support.", "Trees serve as so many stays for their vines.", "My only strength and stay!", "The Lord is my stay. Psalm 18.", "The stay and the staff, the means of supporting and preserving life. Isaiah 3.", "7. Steadiness of conduct.", "8. In the rigging of a ship, a large strong rope employed to support the mast, by being extended from its upper end to the stem of the ship. The fore-stay reaches from the foremast head towards the bowsprit end; the main-stay extends to the ships stem; the mizen-stay is stretched to a collar on the main-mast, above the quarter deck, &c.", "Stays, in seamanship, implies the operation of going about or changing the course of a ship, with a shifting of the sails. To be in stays, is to lie with the head to the wind, and the sails so arranged as to check her progress.", "To miss stays, to fail in the attempt to go about."], "stayed": ["STAYED, pp. Staid; fixed; settle; sober. It is now written staid, which see."], "stays": ["STAYS, n. plu.", "1. A bodice; a kind of waistcoat stiffened with whalebone or other thing, worn by females.", "2. Stays, of a ship. See Stay.", "3. Station; fixed anchorage.", "4. Any support; that which keeps another extended.", "Weavers, stretch your stays upon the weft."], "stead": ["STEAD, STED, n. G. See Stay.", "1. Place; in general.", "Fly this fearful stead.", "In this sense not used.", "2. Place or room which another had or might have, noting substitution, replacing or filling the place of another, as, David died and Solomon reigned in his sted.", "God hath appointed me another seed in stead of Abel, whom Cain slew. Genesis 4.", "3. The frame on which a bed is laid.", "Sallow the feet, the borders and the sted.", "But we never use this word by itself in this sense. We always use bedstead.", "To stand in sted, to be of use or great advantage.", "The smallest act of charity shall stand us in great stead.", "STEAD, STED, in names of places distant from a river or the sea, signifies place, as above; but in names of places situated on a river or harbor, it is from Sax. Stathe, border, bank, shore, Both words perhaps are from one root."], "steadiness": ["STEADINESS, STEDDINESS, n.", "1. Firmness of standing or position; a state of being not tottering or easily moved or shaken. A man stands with steddiness; he walks with steddiness.", "2. Firmness of mind or purpose; constancy; resolution. We say, a man has steddiness of mind, steddiness in opinion, steddiness in the pursuit of objects.", "3. Consistent uniform conduct.", "Steddiness is a point of prudence as well as of courage."], "steady": ["STEADY, STEDDY, a.", "1. Firm in standing or position; fixed; not tottering or shaking; applicable to any object.", "2. Constant in mind, purpose or pursuit; not fickle, changeable or wavering; not easily moved or persuaded to alter a purpose; as a man steddy in his principles, steddy in his purpose, steddy in the pursuit of an object, steddy in his application to business.", "3. Regular; constant; undeviating; uniform; as the steddy course of the sun. Steer the ship a steddy course. A large river runs with a steddy stream.", "4. Regular; not fluctuating; as a steddy breeze of wind.", "STEADY, STEDDY, v.t. To hold or keep from shaking, reeling or falling; to support; to make or keep firm. Steddy my hand."], "steal": ["STEAL, v.t. pret. stole; pp. stolen, stole. G. L, to take, to lift.", "1. To take and carry away feloniously, as the personal goods of another. To constitute stealing or theft, the taking must be felonious, that is, with an intent to take what belongs to another, and without his consent.", "Let him that stole, steal no more. Ephesians 4.", "2. To Withdraw or convey without notice or clandestinely.", "They could insinuate and steal themselves under the same by submission.", "3. To gain or win by address or gradual and imperceptible means.", "Variety of objects has a tendency to steal away the mind from its steady pursuit of any subject.", "So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel. 2 Samuel 15.", "STEAL, v.i.", "1. To withdraw or pass privily; to slip along or away unperceived.", "Fixed of mind to fly all company, one night she stole away.", "From whom you now must steal and take no leave.", "A soft and solemn breathing sound rose like a steam of rich distilld perfumes, and stole upon the air.", "2. To practice theft; to take feloniously. He steals for a livelihood.", "Thou shalt not steal. Exodus 20."], "stealing": ["STEALING, ppr. Taking the goods of another feloniously; withdrawing imperceptibly; gaining gradually."], "stealingly": ["STEALINGLY, adv. Slyly; privately, or by an invisible motion. Little used."], "stealth": ["STEALTH, n. stelth.", "1. The act of stealing; theft.", "The owner proveth the stealth to have been committed on him by such an outlaw.", "2. The thing stolen; as cabins that are dens to cover stealth. Not in use.", "3. Secret act; clandestine practice; means unperceived employed to gain an object; way or manner not perceived; used in a good or bad sense.", "Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.", "The monarch blinded with desire of wealth, with steel invades the brothers life by stealth."], "stedfast": ["STEADFAST, STEDFAST, a. stead and fast.", "1. Fast fixed; firm; firmly fixed or established; as the stedfast globe of earth.", "2. Constant; firm; resolute; not fickle or wavering.", "Abide stedfast to thy neighbor in the time of his trouble.", "Him resist, sted fast in the faith. 1 Peter 5.", "3. Steady; as stedfast sight."], "stedfastness": ["STEADFASTNESS, STEDFASTNESS, n.", "1. Firmness of standing; fixedness in place.", "2. Firmness of mind or purpose; fixedness in principle; constancy; resolution; as the stedfastness of faith. He adhered to his opinions with steadfastness."], "stedfastly": ["STEADFASTLY, STEDFASTLY, adv. Firmly; with constancy or steadiness of mind.", "Steadfastly believe that whatever God has revealed is infallibly true."], "steel": ["STEEL, n. G.", "1. Iron combined with a small portion of carbon; iron refined and hardened, used in making instruments, and particularly useful as the material of edged tools. It is called in chemistry, carburet of iron; but this is more usually the denomination of plumbago.", "2. Figuratively, weapons; particularly, offensive weapons, swords, spears and the like.", "Brave Macbeth with his brandishd steel.", "-- While doubting thus he stood, receivd the steel bathd in this brothers blood.", "3. Medicines composed of steel, as steel fillings.", "After relaxing, steel strengthens the solids.", "4. Extreme hardness; as heads or hearts of steel.", "STEEL, a. Made of steel; as a steel plate or buckle.", "STEEL, v.t.", "1. To overlay, point or edge with steel; as, to steel the point of a sword; to steel a razor; to steel an ax.", "2. To make hard or extremely hard.", "O God of battles, steel my soldiers hearts.", "Lies well steeld with weighty arguments.", "3. To make hard; to make insensible or obdurate; as, to steel the heart against pity; to steel the mind or heart against reproof or admonition."], "steeled": ["STEELED, pp. Pointed or edged with steel; hardened; made insensible."], "steeling": ["STEELING, ppr. Pointing or edging with steel; hardening; making insensible or unfeeling."], "steep": ["STEEP, a. Making a large angle with the plane of the horizon; ascending or descending with a great inclination; precipitous; as a steep hill or mountain; a steep roof; a steep ascent; a steep declivity.", "STEEP, n. A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock or ascent; any elevated object which slopes with a large angle to the plane of the horizon; a precipice.", "We had on each side rocks and mountains broken into a thousand irregular steps and precipices.", "STEEP, v.t. probably formed on the root of dip. To soak in a liquid; to macerate; to imbue; to keep any thing in a liquid till it has thoroughly imbibed it, or till the liquor has extracted the essential qualities of the substance. Thus cloth is steeped in lye or other liquid in bleaching or dyeing. But plants and drugs are steeped in water, wine and the like, for the purpose of tincturing the liquid with their qualities.", "STEEP, n. A liquid for steeping grain or seeds; also, a runnet bag. Local."], "steeped": ["STEEPED, pp. Soaked; macerated; imbued."], "steeping": ["STEEPING, ppr. Soaking; macerating."], "steepness": ["STEEPNESS, n. The state of being steep; precipitous declivity; as the steepness of a hill, a bank or a roof."], "stem": ["STEM, n. G., stock, stem, race. The primary sense is to set, to fix.", "1. The principal body of a tree, shrub or plant of any kind; the main stock; the firm part which supports the branches.", "After thy are shot up thirty feet in length, they spread a very large top, having no bough or twig on the stem.", "The lowring spring with lavish rain, beats down the slender stem and bearded grain.", "2. The peduncle of the fructification, or the pedicle of a flower; that which supports the flower or the fruit of a planet.", "3. The stock of a family; a race or generation of progenitors; as a noble stem.", "Learn well their lineage and their ancient stem.", "4. Progeny; branch of a family.", "Of that victorious stock.", "5. In a ship, a circular piece of timber, to which the two sides of a ship are united at the fore end. The lower end of it is scarfed to the keel, and the bowsprit rests upon its upper end. From stem to stern, is from one end of the ship to the other, or through the whole length.", "STEM, v.t.", "1. To oppose or resist, as a current; or to make progress against a current. We say, the ship was not able with all her sails to stem the tide.", "They stem the flood with their erected breasts.", "2. To stop; to check; as a stream or moving force.", "At length Erasmus, that great injurd name, stemmd the wild torrent of a barbrous age, and drove those holy Vandals off the stage."], "stemmed": ["STEMMED, pp. Opposed, as a current; stopped."], "stemming": ["STEMMING, ppr. Opposing, as a stream; stopping."], "step": ["STEP, v.i. Gr., the foot. The sense is to set, as the foot, or move probably to open or part, to stretch or extend.", "1. To move the foot; to advance or recede by a movement of the foot or feet; as, to step forward, or to step backward.", "2. To go; to walk a little distance; as, to step to one of the neighbors.", "3. To walk gravely, slowly or resolutely.", "Home the swain retreats, his flock before him stepping to the fold.", "To step forth, to move or come forth.", "To step aside, to walk to a little distance; to retire from company.", "To step in or into,", "1. To walk or advance into a place or state; or to advance suddenly in John 5.", "2. To enter for a short time. I just stepped into the house for a moment.", "3. To obtain possession without trouble; to enter upon suddenly; as, to step into an estate.", "To step back, to move mentally; to carry the mind back.", "They are stepping almost three thousand years back into the remotest antiquity.", "STEP, v.t.", "1. To set, as the foot.", "2. To fix the foot of a mast in the keel; to erect.", "STEP, n. G., to form a step or ledge.", "1. A pace; an advance or movement made by one removal of the foot.", "2. One remove in ascending or descending; a stair.", "The breadth of every single step or stair should be neer less than one foot.", "3. The space passed by the foot in walking or running. The step of one foot is generally five feet; it may be more or less.", "4. A small space or distance. Let us go to the gardens; it is but a step.", "5. The distance between the feet in walking or running.", "6. Gradation; degree. We advance improvement step by step, or by steps.", "7. Progression; act of advancing.", "To derive two or three general principles of motion from phenomena, and afterwards tell us how the properties and actions of all corporeal things follow from those manifest principles, could be a great step in philosophy.", "8. Footstep; print or impression of the foot; track.", "9. Gait; manner of walking. The approach of a man is often known by his step.", "10. Proceeding; measure; action.", "The reputation of a man depends of the first steps he makes in the world.", "11. The round of a ladder.", "12. Steps in the plural, walk; passage.", "Conduct my steps to find the fatal tree in this deep forest.", "13. Pieces of timber in which the foot of a mast is fixed."], "stepped": ["STEPPED, pp. Set; placed; erected; fixed in the keel, as a mast."], "stepping": ["STEPPING, ppr. Moving, or advancing by a movement of the foot or feet; placing; fixing or erecting, as a mast.", "STEPPING, n. The act of walking or running by steps."], "stern": ["STERN, a. G., staring; stubborn. See Stare, Starck, Stark, with which this word is probably connected.", "1. Severe; austere; fixed with an aspect of severity and authority; as a stern look; a stern countenance; a stern frown.", "I would outstare the sternest eyes that look.", "2. Severe of manner; rigid; harsh; cruel.", "Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard.", "Ambition should be made of sterner stuff.", "3. Hard; afflictive.", "If wolves had at thy gate howld that stern time.", "4. Rigidly stedfast; immovable.", "Stern virtue is the growth of few soils.", "STERN, n.", "1. The hind part of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the stern or prow. This part of a ship is terminated by the tafferel above, and by the counters below.", "2. Post of management; direction.", "An sit at chiefest stern of public weal. Not in use. We now say, to sit at the helm.", "3. The hinder part of any thing. Not elegant.", "By the stern, is a phrase which denotes that a ship is more deeply laden abaft than forward."], "sterned": ["STERNED, a. In compounds, having a stern of a particular shape; as square-sterned; pink-sterned, &c."], "sternness": ["STERNNESS, n.", "1. Severity of look; a look of austerity, rigor or severe authority; as the sternness of ones presence.", "2. Severity or harshness of manner; rigor.", "I have sternness in my soul enough to hear of soldiers work."], "steward": ["STEWARD, n. G., a room. The steward was then originally a chamberlain or a butler.", "1. A man employed in great families to manage the domestic concerns, superintend the other servants, collect the rents or income, keep the accounts, &c. See Genesis 15:2 and 43:19.", "2. An officer of state; as lord high steward; steward of the household, &c.", "3. In colleges, an officer who provides food for the students and superintends the concerns of the kitchen.", "4. In a ship of war, an officer who is appointed by the purser to distribute provisions to the officers and crew. In other ships, a man who superintends the provisions and liquors, and supplies the table.", "5. In Scripture and theology, a minister of Christ, whose duty is to dispense the provisions of the gospel, to preach its doctrines and administer its ordinances.", "It is required in stewards, that a man be found faithful. 1 Corinthians 4.", "STEWARD, v.t. To manage as a steward. Not in use."], "stewardship": ["STEWARDSHIP, n. The office of a steward."], "stick": ["STICK, n. G. This word is connected with the verb to stick, with stock, stack, and other words having the like elements. The primary sense of the root is to thrust, to shoot, and to set.", "1. The small shoot or branch of a tree or shrub, cut off; a rod; also, a staff; as, to strike one with a stick.", "2. Any stem of a tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber. It is applied in America to any long and slender piece of timber, round or square, from the smallest size to the largest, used in the frames of buildings; as a stick of timber for a post, a beam or a rafter.", "3. Many instruments, long and slender, are called sticks; as the composing stick of printers.", "4. A thrust with a pointed instrument that penetrates a body; a stab.", "Stick of eels, the number of twenty five eels. A bind contains ten sticks.", "STICK, v.t. pret. and pp. stuck. G., to sting or prick, to stick, to adhere.", "1. To pierce; to stab; to cause to enter, as a pointed instrument; hence, to kill by piercing; as, to stick a beast in slaughter. A common use of the word.", "2. To thrust in; to fasten or cause to remain by piercing; as, to stick a pin on the sleeve.", "3. To fasten; to attach by causing to adhere to the surface; as, to stick on a patch or plaster; to stick on a thing with paste or glue.", "4. To set; to fix in; as, to stick card teeth.", "5. To set with something pointed; as, to stick cards.", "6. To fix on a pointed instrument; as, to stick an apple on a fork.", "STICK, v.i.", "1. To adhere; to hold to by cleaving to the surface, as by tenacity or attraction; as, glue sticks to the fingers; paste sticks to the wall, and causes paper to stick.", "I will cause the fish of thy rivers to stick to thy scales. Ezekiel 29.", "2. To be united; to be inseparable; to cling fast to, as something reproachful.", "If on your fame our sex a blot has thrown, twill ever stick, through malice of your own.", "3. To rest with the memory; to abide.", "4. To stop; to be impeded by adhesion or obstruction; as, the carriage sticks in the mire.", "5. To stop; to be arrested in a course.", "My faltering tongue sticks at the sound.", "6. To stop; to hesitate. He sticks at no difficulty; he sticks at the commission of no crime; he sticks at nothing.", "7. To adhere; to remain; to resist efforts to remove.", "I had most need of blessing, and amen stuck in my throat.", "8. To cause difficulties or scruples; to cause to hesitate.", "This is the difficulty that sticks with the most reasonable--", "9. To be stopped or hindered from proceeding; as, a bill passed the senate, but stuck in the house of representatives.", "They never doubted the commons; but heard all stuck in the lords house.", "10. To be embarrassed or puzzled.", "They will stick long at part of a demonstration, for want of perceiving the connection between two ideals.", "11. To adhere closely in friendship and affection.", "There is a friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Proverbs 18.", "To stick to, to adhere closely; to be constant; to be firm; to be persevering; as, to stick to a party or cause.", "The advantage will be on our side, if we stick to its essentials.", "To stick by,", "1. To adhere closely; to be constant; to be firm in supporting.", "We are your only friends; stick by us, and we will stick by you.", "2. To be troublesome by adhering.", "I am satisfied to trifle away my time, rather than let it stick by me.", "To stick upon, to dwell upon; not to forsake.", "If the matter be knotty, the mind must stop and buckle to it, and stick upon it with labor and thought. Not elegant.", "To stick out, to project; to be prominent.", "His bones that were not seen, stick out. Job 33."], "stiff": ["STIFF, a. Gr.", "1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not flaccid; rigid; applicable to any substance; as stiff wood; stiff paper; cloth stiff with starch; a limb stiff with frost.", "They, rising on stiff pinions, tower the mid aerial sky.", "2. Not liquid or fluid; thick and tenacious; inspissated; not soft nor hard. Thus melted metals grow stiff as they cool; they are stiff before they are hard. The paste is too stiff, or not stiff enough.", "3. Strong; violent; impetuous in motion; as in seamens language, a stiff gale or breeze.", "4. Hardy; stubborn; not easily subdued.", "How stiff is my vile sense!", "5. Obstinate; pertinacious; firm in perseverance or resistance.", "It is a shame to stand stiff in a foolish argument.", "A war ensues; the Cretans own their cause, stiff to defend their hospitable laws.", "6. Harsh; formal; constrained; not natural and easy; as a stiff formal style.", "7. Formal in manner; constrained; affected; starched; not easy or natural; as stiff behavior.", "The French are open, familiar and talkative; the Italians stiff, ceremonious and reserved.", "8. Strongly maintained, or asserted with good evidence.", "This is stiff news.", "9. In seamens language, a stiff vessel is one that will bear sufficient sail without danger of oversetting."], "stiffness": ["STIFFNESS, n.", "1. Rigidness; want of pliableness or flexibility; the firm texture or state of a substance which renders it difficult to bend it; as the stiffness or iron or wood; the stiffness of a frozen limb.", "2. Thickness; spissitude; a state between softness and hardness; as the stiffness of sirup, paste, size or starch.", "3. Torpidness; inaptitude to motion.", "An icy stiffness benumbs my blood.", "4. Tension; as the stiffness of a cord.", "5. Obstinacy; stubbornness; contumaciousness.", "The vices of old age have the stiffness of it too.", "Stiffness of mind is not from adherence to truth, but submission to prejudice.", "6. Formality of manner; constraint; affected precision.", "All this religion sat easily upon him, without stiffness and constraint.", "7. Rigorousness; harshness.", "But speak no word to her of these sad plights, which her too constant stiffness doth constrain.", "8. Affected or constrained manner of expression or writing; want of natural simplicity and ease; as stiffness of style."], "stiffen": ["STIFFEN, v.t.", "1. To make stiff; to make less pliant or flexible; as, to stiffen cloth with starch.", "He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart from turning to the Lord God of Israel. 2 Chronicles 36.", "Stiffen the sinews; summon up the blood.", "2. To make torpid; as stiffening grief.", "3. To inspissate; to make more thick or viscous; as, to stiffen paste.", "STIFFEN, v.i.", "1. To become stiff; to become more rigid or less flexible.", "--Like bristles rose my stiffning hair.", "2. To become more thick, or less soft; to be inspissated; to approach to hardness; as, melted substances stiffen as they cool.", "The tender soil then stiffning by degrees--", "3. To become less susceptible of impression; to become less susceptible of impression; to become less tender or yielding; to grow more obstinate.", "Some souls, we see, grow hard and stiffen with adversity."], "stiffening": ["STIFFENING, ppr. Making or becoming less pliable, or more thick, or more obstinate.", "STIFFENING, n. Something that is used to make a substance more stiff or less soft."], "still": ["STILL, v.t. G., to put, set, place, Gr., to send, and with style, stool, stall.", "1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to check or restrain; to make quiet; as, to still the raging sea.", "2. T stop, as noise; to silence.", "With his name the mothers still their babes.", "3. To appease; to calm; to quiet; as tumult, agitation or excitement; as, to still the passions.", "STILL, a.", "1. Silent; uttering no sound; applicable to animals or to things. The company or the man is still; the air is still; the sea is still.", "2. Quiet; calm; not disturbed by noise; as a still evening.", "3. Motionless; as, to stand still; to lie or sit still.", "4. Quiet; calm; not agitated; as a still atmosphere.", "STILL, n. Calm; silence; freedom from noise; as the still of midnight. A poetic word.", "STILL, adv.", "1. To this time; till now.", "It hath been anciently reported, and is still received. Still here denotes this time; set or fixed.", "2. Nevertheless; notwithstanding.", "The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; he is still afraid lest any of his actions should be thrown away in private.", "Still here signifies set, given, and refers to the whole of the first clause of the sentence. The desire of fame betrays an ambitious man into indecencies that lessen his reputation; that fact being given or set, or notwithstanding, he is afraid, &c.", "3. It precedes or accompanies words denoting increase of degree.", "The moral perfections of the Deity, the more attentively we consider them, the more perfectly still shall we know them.", "This is not correct.", "4. Always; ever; continually.", "Trade begets trade, and people go much where many people have already gone; so men run still to a crowd in the streets, though only to see.", "The fewer still you name, you wound the more.", "5. After that; after what is stated.", "In the primitive church, such as by fear were compelled to sacrifice to strange gods, after repented, and kept still the office of preaching the gospel.", "6. In continuation.", "And, like the watchful minutes to the hour, still and anon cheerd up the heavy time.", "STILL, n. L., to drop. See Distill. A vessel, boiler or copper used in the distillation of liquors; as vapor ascending of the still. The word is used in a more general sense for the vessel and apparatus. A still house is also called a still.", "STILL, v.t. L. To expel spirit from liquor by heat and condense it in a refrigeratory; to distill. See Distill.", "STILL, v.i. To drop. Not in use. See Distill."], "stilled": ["STILLED, pp. See Still, the verb. Calmed; appeased; quieted; silenced."], "stilling": ["STILLING, ppr. Calming; silencing; quieting.", "STILLING, n.", "1. The act of calming, silencing or quieting.", "2. A stand for casks. Not used in America."], "stillness": ["STILLNESS, n.", "1. Freedom from noise or motion; calmness; quiet; silence; as the stillness of the night, the air or the sea.", "2. Freedom from agitation or excitement; as the stillness of the passions.", "3. Habitual silence; taciturnity.", "The gravity and stillness of your youth, the world hath noted."], "sting": ["STING, v.t. pret. and pp. stung. Stang is obsolete. G., to stick, to sting. We see that sting, is stick altered in orthography and pronunciation.", "1. To pierce with the sharp pointed instrument with which certain animals are furnished, such as bees, wasps, scorpions and the like. Bees will seldom sting persons, unless they are first provoked.", "2. To pain acutely; as, the conscience is stung with remorse.", "Slander stings the brave.", "STING, n.", "1. A sharp pointed weapon or instrument which certain animals are armed by nature for their defense, and which they thrust from the hinder part of the body to pierce any animal that annoys or provokes them. In most instances, this instrument is a tube, through which a poisonous matter is discharged, which inflames the flesh, and in some instances proves fatal to life.", "2. The thrust of a sting into the flesh. The sting of most insects produces acute pain.", "3. Any thing that gives acute pain. Thus we speak of the stings of remorse; the stings of reproach.", "4. The point in the last verse; as the sting of an epigram.", "5. That which gives the principal pain, or constitutes the principal terror.", "The sting of death is sin. 1 Corinthians 15."], "stink": ["STINK, v.i. pret. stand or stunk. To emit a strong offensive smell.", "STINK, n. A strong offensive smell."], "stinking": ["STINKING, ppr. Emitting a strong offensive smell."], "stinkingly": ["STINKINGLY, adv. With an offensive smell."], "stir": ["STIR, v.t. stur. G., to stir, to disturb.", "1. To move; to change place in any manner.", "My foot I had never yet in five days been able to stir.", "2. To agitate; to bring into debate.", "Stir on the questions of jurisdiction.", "3. To incite to action; to instigate; to prompt.", "An Ate stirring him to blood and strife.", "4. To excite; to raise; to put into motion.", "And for her sake some mutiny will stir.", "To stir up,", "1. To incite; to animate; to instigate by inflaming passions; as, to stir up a nation to rebellion.", "The words of Judas were good and able to stir them up to valor. 2 Maccabees.", "2. To excite; to put into action; to begin; as, to stir up a mutiny or insurrection; to stir up strife.", "3. To quicken; to enliven; to make more lively or vigorous; as, to stir up the mind.", "4. To disturb; as, to stir up the sediment of liquor."], "stirred": ["STIRRED, pp. Moved; agitated; put in action."], "stirring": ["STIRRING, ppr. Moving; agitating; putting in motion.", "STIRRING, n. supra. The act of moving or putting in motion."], "stock": ["STOCK, n. G., a stem, a staff, a stick, a block. This word coincides with stake, stick, stack; that which is set or fixed.", "1. The stem or main body of a tree or other plant; the fixed, strong, firm part; the origin and support of the branches. Job 14.", "2. The stem in which a graft is inserted, and which is its support.", "The cion overruleth the stock quite.", "3. A post; something fixed, solid and senseless.", "When all our fathers worshipd stocks and stones.", "4. A person very stupid, dull and senseless.", "Lets be no stoics, nor no stocks.", "5. The handle of any thing.", "6. The wood in which the barrel of a musket or other fire-arm is fixed.", "7. A thrust with a rapier. Not in use.", "8. A cravat or band for the neck.", "9. A cover for the leg. Now stocking.", "10. The original progenitor; also, the race or line of a family; the progenitors of a family and their direct descendants; lineage; family. From what stock did he spring?", "Thy mother was no goddess, nor thy stock from Dardanus--", "Men and brothern, children of the stock of Abraham--Acts 13.", "11. A fund; capital; the money or goods employed in trade, manufactures, insurance, banking, &c.; as the stock of a banking company; the stock employed in the manufacture of cotton, in making insurance and the like. Stock may be individual or joint.", "12. Money lent to government, or property in a public debt; a share or shares of a national or other public debt, or in a company debt. The United States borrow of the bank or of individuals, and sell stock bearing an interest of five, six or seven per cent. British stocks are the objects of perpetual speculation.", "13. Supply provided; store. Every one may be charitable out of his own stock. So we say, a stock of honor, a stock of fame.", "Add to that stock which justly we bestow.", "14. In agriculture, the domestic animals or beasts belonging to the owner of a farm; as a stock of cattle or of sheep. It is also used for the crop or other property belonging to the farm.", "15. Living beasts shipped to a foreign country; as, a brig sailed yesterday with stock on deck. The cattle are called also live stock.", "16. In the West Indies, the slaves of a plantation.", "17. Stocks, plu. A machine consisting of two pieces of timber, in which the legs of criminals are confined by way of punishment.", "18. The frame or timbers on which a ship rests while building.", "19. The stock of an anchor is the piece of timber into which the shank is inserted.", "20. In book-keeping, the owner or owners of the books.", "STOCK, v.t.", "1. To store; to supply; to fill; as, to stock the mind with ideas. Asia and Europe are well stocked with inhabitants.", "2. To lay up in store; as, he stocks what he cannot use.", "3. To put in the stocks. Little used.", "4. To pack; to put into a pack; as, to stock cards.", "5. To supply with domestic animals; as, to stock a farm.", "6. To supply with seed; as, to stock land with clover or herdsgrass.", "7. To suffer cows to retain their milk for 24 hours or more, previous to sale.", "To stock up, to extirpate; to dig up."], "stocking": ["STOCKING, n. from stock. A garment made to cover the leg.", "STOCKING, v.t. To dress in stockings."], "stocks": ["STOCKS. See under Stock."], "stole": ["STOLE, pret. of steal.", "STOLE, n.", "1. A long vest or robe; a garment worn by the priests of some denominations when they officiate. It is a broad strip of cloth reaching from the neck to the feet.", "2. L. A sucker; a shoot from the root of a plant, by which some plants may be propagated; written also stool."], "stolen": ["STOLEN, pp. Stoln. The passive participle of steal.", "Stolen waters are sweet. Proverbs 9."], "stomach": ["STOMACH, n. L.", "1. In animal bodies, a membranous receptacle, the organ of digestion, in which food is prepared for entering into the several parts of the body for its nourishment.", "2. Appetite; the desire of food caused by hunger; as a good stomach for roast beef. A popular use of the word.", "3. Inclination; liking.", "He which hath no stomach to this fight, let him depart--", "4. Anger; violence of temper.", "Stern was his look, and full of stomach vain.", "5. Sullenness; resentment; willful obstinacy; stubbornness.", "This sort of crying proceeding from pride, obstinacy and stomach, the will, where the fault lies, must be bent.", "6. Pride; haughtiness.", "He was a man of an unbounded stomach, ever ranking himself with princes.", "Note. This word in all the foregoing senses, except the first, is nearly obsolete or inelegant.", "STOMACH, v.t. L.", "1. To resent; to remember with anger.", "The lion began to show his teeth, and to stomach the affront.", "This sense is not used in America, as far as my observation extends. In America, at least in New England, the sense is,", "2. To brook; to bear without open resentment or without opposition. Not elegant.", "STOMACH, v.i. To be angry. Not in use."], "stomached": ["STOMACHED, a. Filled with resentment."], "stomacher": ["STOMACHER, n. An ornament or support to the breast, worn by females. Isaiah 3."], "stomachful": ["STOMACHFUL, a. Willfully obstinate; stubborn; perverse; as a stomachful boy."], "stomachfulness": ["STOMACHFULNESS, n. Stubbornness; sullenness; perverse obstinacy."], "stomachic": ["STOMACHIC, STOMACHICAL, a.", "1. Pertaining to the stomach; as stomachic vessels.", "2. Strengthening to the stomach; exciting the action of the stomach."], "stomachical": ["STOMACHIC, STOMACHICAL, a.", "1. Pertaining to the stomach; as stomachic vessels.", "2. Strengthening to the stomach; exciting the action of the stomach."], "stomaching": ["STOMACHING, n. Resentment. Not in use."], "stomachous": ["STOMACHOUS, a. Stout; sullen; obstinate. Not in use."], "stone": ["STONE, n. Gr.", "1. A concretion of some species of earth, as lime, silex, clay and the like, usually in combination with some species of air or gas, with sulphur or with a metallic substance; a hard compact body, of any form and size. In popular language, very large masses of concretions are called rocks; and very small concretions are universally called gravel or sand, or grains of sand. Stones are of various degrees of hardness and weight; they are brittle and fusible, but not malleable, ductile, or soluble in water. Stones are of great and extensive use int he construction of buildings of all kinds, for walls, fences, piers, abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture and the like. When we speak of the substance generally, we use stone in the singular; as a house or wall of stone. But when we speak of particular separate masses, we say, a stone, or the stones.", "2. A gem; a precious stone.", "Inestimable stones, unvalud jewels.", "3. Any thing made of stone; a mirror.", "4. A calculous concretion in the kidneys or bladder; the disease arising from a calculus.", "5. A testicle.", "6. The nut of a drupe or stone fruit; or the hard covering inclosing the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pulpy pericarp.", "7. In Great Britain, the weight of fourteen pounds. 8, 12, 14, or 16. Not used in the United States, except in reference to the riders of horses in races.", "8. A monument erected to preserve the memory of the dead.", "Should some relentless eye glance on the stone where our cold relics lie--", "9. It is used to express torpidness and insensibility; as a heart of stone.", "I have not yet forgot myself to stone.", "10. Stone is prefixed to some words to qualify their signification. Thus stone-dead, is perfectly dead, as lifeless as a stone; stone-still, still as a stone, perfectly still; stone-blind, blind as a stone, perfectly blind.", "To leave no stone unturned, a proverbial expression which signifies to do every thing that can be done; to use all practicable means to effect an object.", "Meteoric stones, stones which fall from the atmosphere, as after the displosion of a meteor.", "Philosophers stone, a pretended substance that was formerly supposed to have the property of turning any other substance into gold.", "STONE, a. Made of stone, or like stone; as a stone jug.", "STONE, v.t.", "1. To pelt, beat or kill with stones.", "And they stoned Stephen calling on God and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. Acts 7.", "2. To harden.", "O perjurd woman, thou dost stone my heart. Little used.", "3. To free from stones; as, to stone raisins.", "4. To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify with stones; as, to stone a well; to stone a cellar."], "stoned": ["STONED, pp. Pelted or killed with stones; freed from stones; walled with stones."], "stoniness": ["STONINESS, n. from stony.", "1. The quality of abounding with stones; as, the stoniness of ground renders it difficult to till.", "2. Hardness of heart."], "stony": ["STONY, a. G.", "1. Made of stone; as a stony tower.", "2. Consisting of stone; as a stony cave.", "3. Full of stones; abounding with stones; as stony ground.", "4. Petrifying; as the stony dart of senseless cold.", "5. Hard; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless; as a stony heart.", "6. Insensible; obdurate; perverse; morally hard."], "stood": ["STOOD, pret. of stand."], "stool": ["STOOL, n. G., a stool, a stock, a pew, a chair, the see of a bishop. This coincides with stall and still. A stool is that which is set, or a seat.", "1. A seat without a back; a little form consisting of a board with three or four legs, intended as a set for one person.", "2. The seat used in evacuating the contents of the bowels; hence, an evacuation; a discharge from the bowels.", "3. L. A sucker; a shoot from the bottom of the stem or the root of a plant.", "Stool of repentance, in Scotland, an elevated seat in the church, on which persons sit as a punishment for fornication and adultery.", "STOOL, v.i. In agriculture, to ramify; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers."], "stoop": ["STOOP, v.i.", "1. To bend the body downward and forward; as, to stoop to pick up a book.", "2. To bend or lean forward; to incline forward in standing or walking. We often see men stoop in standing or walking, either from habit or from age.", "3. To yield; to submit; to bend by compulsion; as, Carthage at length stooped to Rome.", "4. To descend from rank or dignity; to condescend. IN modern days, attention to agriculture is not called stooping in men of property.", "Where men of great wealth stoop to husbandry, it multiplieth riches exceedingly.", "5. To yield; to be inferior.", "These are arts, my prince, in which our Zama does not stoop to Rome.", "6. To come down on prey, as a hawk.", "The bird of Jove stoopd from his airy tour, two birds of gayest plume before him drove.", "7. To alight from the wing.", "And stoop with closing pinions from above.", "8. To sink to a lower place.", "Cowering low with blandishments, each bird stoopd on his wing.", "STOOP, v.t.", "1. To cause to incline downward; to sink; as, to stoop a cask of liquor.", "2. To cause to submit. Little used.", "STOOP, n.", "1. The act of bending the body forward; inclination forward.", "2. Descent from dignity or superiority; condescension.", "Can any loyal subject see with patience such a stoop from sovereignty?", "3. Fall of a bird on his prey.", "4. In America, a kind of shed, generally open, but attached to a house; also, an open place for seats at a door.", "STOOP, n.", "1. A vessel of liquor; as a stoop of wine or ale.", "2. A post fixed in the earth. Local."], "stooped": ["STOOPED, pp. Caused to lean."], "stooping": ["STOOPING, ppr. Bending the body forward; yielding; submitting; condescending; inclining."], "stoopingly": ["STOOPINGLY, adv. With a bending of the body forward."], "stop": ["STOP, v.t. G., to stop, to check, to pose, to fill, to cram, to stuff, to quilt, to darn, to mend. See Stifle. L., tow; to stuff, to crowd; to be stupefied, whence stupid, stupor, that is, to stop, or a stop. The primary sense is either to cease to move, or to stuff, to press, to thrust in, to cram; probably the latter.", "1. To close, as an aperture, by filling or by obstructing; as, to stop a vent; to stop the ears; to stop wells of water. 2 Kings 3.", "2. To obstruct; to render impassable; as, to stop a way, road or passage.", "3. To hinder; to impede; to arrest progress; as, to stop a passenger in the road; to stop the course of a stream.", "4. To restrain; to hinder; to suspend; as to stop the execution of a decree.", "5. To repress; to suppress; to restrain; as, to stop the progress of vice.", "6. To hinder; to check; as, to stop the approaches of old age or infirmity.", "7. To hinder from action or practice.", "Whose disposition, all the world well knows, will not be rubbd nor stoppd.", "8. To put an end to any motion or action; to intercept; as, to stop the breath; to stop proceedings.", "9. To regulate the sounds of musical strings; as, to stop a string.", "10. In seamanship, to make fast.", "11. To point; as a written composition. Not in use.", "STOP, v.i.", "1. To cease to go forward.", "Some strange commotion is in his brain; he bites his lip, and starts; stops on a sudden, looks upon the ground---", "2. To cease from any motion or course of action. When you are accustomed to a course of vice, it is very difficult to stop.", "The best time to stop is at the beginning.", "STOP, n.", "1. Cessation of progressive motion; as, to make a stop.", "2. Hindrance of progress; obstruction; act of stopping.", "Occult qualities put a stop to the improvement of natural philosophy--", "3. Repression; hindrance of operation or action.", "It is a great step towards the mastery of our desires, to give this stop to them.", "4. Interruption.", "These stops of thine fright me the more.", "5. Prohibition of sale; as the stop of wine and salt.", "6. That which obstructs; obstacle; impediment.", "A fatal stop travesd their headlong course.", "So melancholy a prospect should inspire us with zeal to oppose some stop to the rising torrent.", "7. The instrument by which the sounds of wind music are regulated; as the stops of a flute or an organ.", "8. Regulation of musical chords by the fingers.", "In the stops of lutes, the higher they go, the less distance is between the frets.", "9. The act of applying the stops in music.", "Th organ-sound a time survives the stop.", "10. A point or mark in writing, intended to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence or clauses, and to show the proper pauses in reading. The stops generally used, are the comma, semi-colon, colon and period. To these may be added the marks of interrogation and exclamation."], "stopped": ["STOPPED, pp. Closed; obstructed; hindered from proceeding; impeded; intercepted."], "stopping": ["STOPPING, ppr. Closing; shutting; obstructing; hindering from proceeding; ceasing to go or move; putting an end to; regulating the sounds of."], "store": ["STORE, n.", "1. A large number; as a store of years.", "2. A large quantity; great plenty; abundance; as a store of wheat or provisions.", "3. A stock provided; a large quantity for supply; ample abundance. The troops have great stores of provisions and ammunition. The ships have stores for a long voyage. This the present usual acceptation of the word, and in this sense the plural, stores, is commonly used. When applied to a single article of supply, it is still sometimes used in the singular; as a good store of wine or of bread.", "4. Quantity accumulated; fund; abundance; as stores of knowledge.", "5. A storehouse; a magazine; a warehouse. Nothing can be more convenient than the stores on Central wharf in Boston.", "6. In the United States, shops for the sale of goods of any kind, by wholesale or retail, are often called stores.", "In store, in a state of accumulation, in a literal sense; hence, in a state of preparation for supply; in a state of readiness. Happiness is laid up in store for the righteous; misery is in store for the wicked.", "STORE, a. Hoarded; laid up; as store treasure. Not in use.", "STORE, v.t.", "1. To furnish; to supply; to replenish.", "Wise Plato said the world with men was stord.", "Her mind with thousand virtues stord.", "2. To stock against a future time; as a garrison well stored with provisions.", "One having stored a pond of four acres with carp, tench and other fish--", "3. To reposit in a store or warehouse for preservation; to warehouse; as, to store goods."], "stored": ["STORED, pp.", "1. Furnished; supplied.", "2. Laid up in store; warehoused."], "storied": ["STORIED, a. from story.", "1. Furnished with stories; adorned with historical paintings.", "Some greedy minion or imperious wife, the trophied arches, storied halls, invade.", "2. Related in story; told or recited in history."], "story": ["STORY, n. L., Gr.", "1. A verbal narration or recital of a series of facts or incidents. WE observe in children a strong passion for hearing stories.", "2. A written narrative of a series of facts or events. There is probably on record no story more interesting than that of Joseph in Genesis.", "3. History; a written narrative or account of past transactions, whether relating to nations or individuals.", "The four great monarchies make the subject of ancient story.", "4. Petty tale; relation of a single incident or of trifling incidents.", "5. A trifling tale; a fiction; a fable; as the story of a fairy. In popular usage, story is sometimes a softer term for a lie.", "6. A loft; a floor; or a set of rooms on the same floor or level. A story comprehends the distance from one floor to another; as a story of nine or ten feet elevation. Hence each floor terminating the space is called a story; as a house of one story, of two stories, of five stories. The farm houses in New England have usually two stories; the houses in Paris have usually five stories; a few have more; those in London four. But in the United States the floor next the ground is the first story; in France and England, the first floor or story, is the second from the ground.", "STORY, v.t.", "1. To tell in historical relation; to narrate.", "How worthy he is, I will leave to appear hereafter, rather than story him in his own hearing.", "It is storied of the brazen colossus in Rhodes, that it was seventy cubits high.", "This verb is chiefly used in the passive participle.", "2. To range one under another. Little used."], "stork": ["STORK, n. A large fowl of the genus Ardea or Heron kind."], "storm": ["STORM, n. G., to disturb. L. The primary sense of storm is a rushing, raging or violent agitation.", "1. A violent wind; a tempest. Thus a storm of wind, is correct language, as the proper sense of the word is rushing, violence. It has primarily no reference to a fall of rain or snow. But as a violent wind is often attended with rain or snow, the word storm has come to be used, most improperly, for a fall of rain or snow without wind.", "O beat those storms, and roll the seas in vain.", "2. A violent assault on a fortified place; a furious attempt of troops to enter ad take a fortified place by scaling the walls, forcing the gates and the like.", "3. Violent civil or political commotion; sedition; insurrection; also, clamor; tumult; disturbance of the public peace.", "I will stir up in England some black storms.", "Her sister began to scold and raise up such a storm--", "4. Affliction; calamity; distress; adversity.", "A brave man struggling in the storms of fate.", "5. Violence; vehemence; tumultuous force.", "STORM, v.t. To assault; to attack and attempt to take by scaling the walls, forcing gates or breaches and the like; as, to storm a fortified town.", "STORM, v.i.", "1. To raise a tempest.", "2. To blow with violence; impersonally; as, it storms.", "3. To rage; to be in a violent agitation of passion; to fume. The master storms."], "stormed": ["STORMED, pp. Assaulted by violence."], "storming": ["STORMING, ppr. Attacking with violent force; raging."], "storminess": ["STORMINESS, n. Tempestuousness; the state of being agitated by violent winds."], "stormy": ["STORMY, a.", "1. Tempestuous; agitated with furious winds; boisterous; as a stormy season; a stormy day or week.", "2. Proceeding from violent agitation or fury; as a stormy sound; stormy shocks.", "3. Violent; passionate. Unusual."], "stout": ["STOUT, a.", "1. Strong; lusty.", "A stouter champion never handled sword.", "2. Bold; intrepid; valiant; brave.", "He lost the character of a bold, stout, magnanimous man.", "3. Large; bulky. A popular use of the word.", "4. Proud; resolute; obstinate.", "The lords all stand to clear their cause, most resolutely stout.", "5. Strong; firm; as a stout vessel.", "STOUT, n. A cant name for strong beer."], "stoutness": ["STOUTNESS, n.", "1. Strength; bulk.", "2. Boldness; fortitude.", "3. Obstinacy; stubbornness."], "straight": ["STRAIGHT, a. L., formed from the root of reach, stretch, right. It is customary to write straight, for direct or right, and strait, for narrow, but this is a practice wholly arbitrary, both being the same word. Strait we use in the sense in which it is used in the south of Europe. Both sense proceed from stretching, straining.", "1. Right, in a mathematical sense; direct; passing from one point to another by the nearest course; not deviating or crooked; as a straight line; a straight course; a straight piece of timber.", "2. Narrow; close; tight; as a straight garment. See strait, as it is generally written.", "3. Upright; according with justice and rectitude; not deviating from truth or fairness.", "STRAIGHT, adv. Immediately; directly; in the shortest time.", "I know thy generous temper well; fling but the appearance of dishonor on it, it straight takes fire, and mounts into a blaze."], "straightness": ["STRAIGHTNESS, n.", "1. The quality or state of being straight; rectitude.", "2. Narrowness; tension; tightness."], "straightway": ["STRAIGHTWAY, adv. straight and way. Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.", "He took the damsel by the hand, and said to her, Talitha cumi--and straightway the damsel arose. Mark 5. Straightways is obsolete."], "strain": ["STRAIN, v.t. L. This word retains its original signification, to stretch.", "1. To stretch; to draw with force; to extend with great effort; as, to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship; to strain the chords of an instrument.", "2. To cause to draw with force, or with excess of exertion; to injure by pressing with too much effort. He strained this horses or his oxen by overloading them.", "3. To stretch violently or by violent exertion; as, to strain the arm or the muscles.", "4. To put to the utmost strength. Men in desperate cases will strain themselves for relief.", "5. To press or cause to pass through some porous substance; to purify or separate from extraneous matter by filtration; to filter; as, to strain milk. Water may be stained through sand.", "6. To sprain; to injure by drawing or stretching.", "Prudes decayd about may tack, strain their necks with looking back.", "7. To make tighter; to cause to bind closer.", "To strain his fetters with a stricter care.", "8. To force; to constrain; to make uneasy or unnatural.", "His mirth is forced and strained.", "STRAIN, v.i.", "1. To make violent efforts.", "To build his fortune I will strain a little.", "Straining with too weak a wing.", "2. To be filtered. Water straining through sand becomes pure.", "STRAIN, n.", "1. A violent effort; a stretching or exertion of the limbs or muscles, or of any thing else.", "2. An injury by excessive exertion, drawing or stretching.", "3. Style; continued manner of speaking or writing; as the genius and strain of the book of Proverbs. So we say, poetic strains, lofty strains.", "4. Song; note; sound; or a particular part of a tune.", "Their heavenly harps a lower strain began.", "5. Turn; tendency; inborn disposition.", "Because heretics have a strain of madness, he applied her with some corporal chastisements.", "6. Manner of speech or action.", "Such take too high a strain at first.", "7. Race; generation; descent.", "He is of a noble strain. Not in use.", "8. Hereditary disposition.", "Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which propagated, spoil the strain of a nation. Not in use.", "9. Rank; character. Not in use."], "strained": ["STRAINED, pp. Stretched; violently exerted; filtered."], "straining": ["STRAINING, ppr. Stretching; exerting with violence; making great efforts; filtering.", "STRAINING, n. The act of stretching; the act of filtering; filtration."], "strait": ["STRAIT, a. See Straight.", "1. Narrow; close; not broad.", "Strait is the gate, and narrow is the way that leadeth to life, and few there be that find it. Matthew 7.", "2. Close; intimate; as a strait degree of favor.", "3. Strict; rigorous.", "He now, forsooth, takes on him to reform some certain edicts, and some strait decrees.", "4. Difficult; distressful.", "5. Straight; not crooked.", "STRAIT, n. See Straight.", "1. A narrow pass or passage, either in a mountain or in the ocean, between continents or other portions of land; as the straits of Gibraltar; the straits of Magellan; the straits of Dover. In this sense, the plural is more generally used than the singular, and often without any apparent reason or propriety.", "2. Distress; difficulty; distressing necessity; formerly written streight. Used either in the singular or plural.", "Let no man who owns a providence, become desperate under any calamity or strait whatsoever.", "Ulysses made use of the pretense of natural infirmity to conceal the straits he was in at that time in his thoughts.", "STRAIT, v.t. To put to difficulties. Not in use."], "straitness": ["STRAITNESS, n.", "1. Narrowness; as the straitness of a place; straitness of mind; straitness of circumstances.", "2. Strictness; rigor; as the straitness of a mans proceedings.", "3. Distress; difficulty; pressure from necessity of any kind, particularly from poverty.", "4. Want; scarcity; or rather narrowness; as the straitness of the conveniences of life."], "straiten": ["STRAITEN, v.t.", "1. To make narrow.", "In narrow circuit, straitend by a foe.", "2. To contract; to confine; as, to straiten the British commerce.", "3. To make tense or tight; as, to straiten a cord.", "4. To distress; to perplex; to press with poverty or other necessity; as, a man straitened in his circumstances.", "5. To press by want of sufficient room.", "Waters when straitened, as at the falls of bridges, give a roaring noise."], "straitly": ["STRAITLY, adv.", "1. Narrowly; closely.", "2. Strictly; rigorously. For this, strictly is now used.", "3. Closely; intimately."], "strake": ["STRAKE, pret. of strike. See Strike.", "STRAKE, n.", "1. A streak. Not used unless in reference to the range of planks in a ships side. See Streak.", "2. A narrow board. Not used.", "3. The iron band of a wheel. In the United States, this is called a band, or the tire of a wheel."], "strange": ["STRANGE, a. L.", "1. Foreign; belonging to anther country.", "I do not contemn the knowledge of strange and divers tongues. This sense is nearly obsolete.", "2. Not domestic; belonging to others.", "So she impatient her own faults to see, turns from herself, and in strange things delights. Nearly obsolete.", "3. New; not before known, heard or seen. The former custom was familiar; the latter was new and strange to them. Hence,", "4. Wonderful; causing surprise; exciting curiosity. It is strange that men will not receive improvement, when it is shown to be improvement.", "Sated at length, ere long I might perceive strange alteration in me.", "5. Odd; unusual; irregular; not according to the common way.", "Hes strange and peevish.", "6. Remote. Little used.", "7. Uncommon; unusual.", "This made David to admire the law of god at that strange rate.", "8. Unacquainted.", "They were now at a gage, looking strange at one another.", "9. Strange is sometimes uttered by way of exclamation.", "Strange! What extremes should thus preserve the snow, high on the Alps, or in deep caves below.", "This is an elliptical expression for it is strange.", "STRANGE, v.t. To alienate; to estrange. Not in use.", "STRANGE, v.i.", "1. To wonder; to be astonished. Not in use.", "2. To be estranged or alienated. Not in use."], "strangely": ["STRANGELY, adv.", "1. With some relation to foreigners.", "2. Wonderfully; in a manner or degree to excite surprise or wonder.", "How strangely active are the acts of peace.", "It would strangely delight you to see with what spirit he converses."], "strangeness": ["STRANGENESS, n.", "1. Foreignness; the state of belonging to another country.", "If I will obey the gospel, no distance of place, no strangeness of country can make any man a stranger to me.", "2. Distance in behavior; reserve; coldness; forbidding manner.", "Will you not observe the strangeness of his alterd countenance?", "3. Remoteness from common manners or notions; uncouthness.", "Men worthier than himself here tend the savage strangeness he puts on.", "4. Alienation of mind; estrangement; mutual dislike.", "This might seem a means to continue a strangeness between two nations. This sense is obsolete or little used.", "5. Wonderfulness; the power of exciting surprise and wonder; uncommonness that raises wonder by novelty.", "This raised greater tumults in the hearts of men than the strangeness and seeming unreasonableness of all the former articles."], "stranger": ["STRANGER, n.", "1. A foreigner; one who belongs to another country. Paris and London are visited by strangers from all the countries of Europe.", "2. One of another town, city, state or province in the same country. The Commencements in American colleges are frequented by multitudes of strangers from the neighboring towns and states.", "3. One unknown. The gentleman is a stranger to me.", "4. One unacquainted.", "My child is yet a stranger to the world.", "I was no stranger to the original.", "5. A guest; a visitor.", "6. One not admitted to any communication or fellowship.", "Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear, and strangers to the sun yet ripen here.", "7. In law, one not privy or party to an act.", "STRANGER, v.t To estrange; to alienate. Not in use."], "strangle": ["STRANGLE, v.t. L.", "1. To choke; to suffocate; to destroy life by stopping respiration.", "Our Saxon ancestors compelled the adulteress to strangle herself.", "2. To suppress; to hinder from birth or appearance."], "strangled": ["STRANGLED, pp. Choked; suffocated; suppressed."], "strangles": ["STRANGLES, n. Swellings in a horses throat."], "strangling": ["STRANGLING, ppr. Choking; suffocating; suppressing.", "STRANGLING, n. The act of destroying life by stopping respiration."], "straw": ["STRAW, n. G., L. See Strew.", "1. The stalk or stem of certain species of grain, pulse, &c. Chiefly of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat and peas. When used of single stalks, it admits of a plural, straws. Straws may show which way the wind blows. We say of grain while growing, the straw is large, or it is rusty.", "2. A mass of the stalks of certain species of grain when cut, and after being thrashed; as a bundle or a load of straw. In this sense, the word admits not the plural number.", "3. Any thing proverbially worthless. I care not a straw for the play. I will not abate a straw.", "STRAW, v.t. To spread or scatter. See Strew and Strow."], "stream": ["STREAM, n.", "1. A current of water or other fluid; a liquid substance flowing in a line or course, either on the earth, as a river or brook, or from a vessel or other reservoir or fountain. Hence,", "2. A river, brook or rivulet.", "3. A current of water in the ocean; as the gulf stream.", "4. A current of melted metal or other substance; as a stream of lead or iron flowing from a furnace; a stream of lava from a volcano.", "5. Any thing issuing from a source and moving with a continued succession of parts; as a stream of words; a stream of sand.", "A stream of beneficence.", "6. A continued current of course; as a stream of weather. Not used.", "The stream of his life.", "7. A current of air or gas, or of light.", "8. Current; drift; as of opinions or manners. It is difficult to oppose the stream of public opinion.", "9. Water.", "STREAM, v.i.", "1. To flow; to move or run in a continuous current. Blood streams from a vein.", "Beneath the banks where rivers stream.", "2. To emit; to pour out in abundance. His eyes streamed with tears.", "3. To issue with continuance, not by fits.", "From opning skies my streaming glories shine.", "4. To issue or shoot in streaks; as light streaming from the east.", "5. To extend; to stretch in a long line; as a flag streaming in the wind.", "STREAM, v.t. To mark with colors or embroidery in long tracts.", "The heralds mantle is streamed with gold."], "streaming": ["STREAMING, ppr.", "1. Flowing; running in a current.", "2. Emitting; pouring out in abundance; as streaming eyes.", "3. Flowing; floating loosely; as a flag."], "street": ["STREET, n. L., strewed or spread. See Strew.", "1. Properly, a paved way or road; but in usage, any way or road in a city, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a lane or alley.", "2. Among the people of New England, any public highway.", "3. Streets, plural, any public way, road or place.", "That there be no complaining in our streets. Psalm 144."], "strength": ["STRENGTH, n. See Strong.", "1. That property or quality of an animal body by which it is enabled to move itself or other bodies. We say, a sick man has not strength to walk, or to raise his head or his arm. We say, a man has strength to lift a weight, or to draw it. This quality is called also power and force. But force is also used to denote the effect of strength exerted, or the quantity of motion. Strength in this sense, is positive, or the power of producing positive motion or action, and is opposed to weakness.", "2. Firmness; solidity or toughness; the quality of bodies by which they sustain the application of force without breaking or yielding. Thus we speak of the strength of a bone, the strength of a beam, the strength of a wall, the strength of a rope. In this sense, strength is a passive quality, and is opposed to weakness or frangibility.", "3. Power or vigor of any kind.", "This act shall crush the strength of Satan.", "Strength there must be either of love or war.", "4. Power of resisting attacks; fastness; as the strength of a castle or fort.", "5. Support; that which supports; that which supplies strength; security.", "God is our refuge and strength. Psalm 46.", "6. Power of mind; intellectual force; the power of any faculty; as strength of memory; strength of reason; strength of judgment.", "7. Spirit; animation.", "Me thinks I feel new strength within me rise.", "8. Force of writing; vigor; nervous diction. The strength of words, of style, of expression and the like, consists in the full and forcible exhibition of ideas, by which a sensible or deep impression is made on the mind of a hearer or reader. It is distinguished from softness or sweetness. Strength of language enforces an argument, produces conviction, or excites wonder or other strong emotion; softness and sweetness give pleasure.", "And praise the easy vigor of a line, where Denhams strength and Wellers sweetness join.", "9. Vividness; as strength of colors or coloring.", "10. Spirit; the quality of any liquor which has the power of affecting the taste, or of producing sensible effects on other bodies; as the strength of wine or spirit; the strength of an acid.", "11. The virtue or spirit of any vegetable, or of its juices or qualities.", "12. Legal or moral force; validity; the quality of binding, uniting or securing; as the strength of social or legal obligations; the strength of law; the strength of public opinion or custom.", "13. Vigor; natural force; as the strength of natural affection.", "14. That which supports; confidence.", "The allies, after a successful summer, are too apt upon the strength of it to neglect preparation for the ensuing campaign.", "15. Amount of force, military or naval; an army or navy; number of troops or ships well appointed. What is the strength of the enemy by land, or by sea?", "16. Soundness; force; the quality that convinces, persuades or commands assent; as the strength of an argument or of reasoning; the strength of evidence.", "17. Vehemence; force proceeding from motion and proportioned to it; as the strength of wind or a current of water.", "18. Degree of brightness or vividness; as the strength of light.", "19. Fortification; fortress; as an inaccessible strength. Not in use.", "20. Support; maintenance of power.", "What they boded would be a mischief to us, you are providing shall be one of our principal strengths. Not used.", "STRENGTH, v.t To strengthen. Not in use."], "strengthen": ["STRENGTHEN, v.t.", "1. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to, either physical, legal or moral; as, to strengthen a limb; to strengthen an obligation.", "2. To confirm; to establish; as, to strengthen authority.", "3. To animate; to encourage; to fix in resolution.", "Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Deuteronomy 3.", "4. To cause to increase in power or security.", "Let noble warwick, Cobham and the rest, with powerful policy strengthen themselves.", "STRENGTHEN, v.i. To grow strong or stronger.", "The disease that shall destroy at length, grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength.", "Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength."], "strengthened": ["STRENGTHENED, pp. Made strong or stronger; confirmed."], "strengthener": ["STRENGTHENER, n.", "1. That which increases strength, physical or moral.", "2. In medicine, something which, taken into the system, increases the action and energy of the vital powers."], "strengthening": ["STRENGTHENING, ppr. Increasing strength, physical or moral; confirming; animating."], "stretch": ["STRETCH, v.t. L.", "1. To draw out to greater length; to extend in a line; as, to stretch a cord or a rope.", "2. To extend in breadth; as, to stretch cloth.", "3. To spread; to expand; as, to stretch the wings.", "4. To reach; to extend.", "Stretch thine hand to the poor.", "5. To spread; to display; as, to stretch forth the heavens.", "6. To draw or pull out in length; to strain; as, to stretch a tendon or muscle.", "7. To make tense; to strain.", "So the stretchd cord the shackled dancer tries.", "8. To extend mentally; as, to stretch the mind or thoughts.", "9. To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the truth; to stretch ones credit.", "STRETCH, v.i.", "1. To be extended; to be drawn out in length or in breadth, or both. A wet hempen cord or cloth contracts; in drying, it stretches.", "2. To be extended; to spread; as, a lake stretches over a hundred miles of earth. Lake Erie stretches from Niagara nearly to Huron. Hence,", "3. To stretch to, is to reach.", "4. To be extended or to bear extension without breaking, as elastic substances.", "The inner membrane--because it would stretch and yield, remained unbroken.", "5. To sally beyond the truth; to exaggerate. A man who is apt to stretch, has less credit than others.", "6. In navigation, to sail; to direct a course. It is often understood to signify to sail under a great spread of canvas close hauled. In this it differs from stand, which implies no press of sail. We were standing to the east, when we saw a ship stretching to the southward.", "7. To make violent efforts in running.", "STRETCH, n.", "1. Extension in length or in breadth; reach; as a great stretch of wings.", "2. Effort; struggle; strain.", "Those put lawful authority upon the stretch to the abuse of power, under color of prerogative.", "3. Force of body; straining.", "By stretch of arms the distant shore to gain.", "4. Utmost extent of meaning.", "Quotations, in their utmost stretch, can signify no more than that Luther lay under severe agonies of mind.", "5. Utmost reach of power.", "This is the utmost stretch that nature can.", "6. In sailing, a tack; the reach or extent of progress on one tack.", "7. Course; direction; as the stretch of seams of coal."], "stretched": ["STRETCHED, pp. Drawn out in length; extended; exerted to the utmost."], "stretching": ["STRETCHING, ppr. Drawing out in length; extending; spreading; exerting force."], "stricken": ["STRICKEN, pp. of strike.", "1. Struck; smitten; as the stricken deer. See Strike.", "2. Advanced; worn; far gone.", "Abraham was old and well stricken in age. Genesis 24."], "strife": ["STRIFE, n. See Strive.", "1. Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts. Strife may be carried on between students or between mechanics.", "Thus Gods contended, noble strife, who most should ease the wants of life.", "2. Contention in anger or enmity; contest; struggle for victory; quarrel or war.", "I and my people were at great strife with the children of Ammon. Judges 12.", "These vows thus granted, raisd a strife above betwixt the god of war and queen of love.", "3. Opposition; contrariety; contrast.", "Artificial strife lives in these touches livelier than life.", "4. The agitation produced by different qualities; as the strife of acid and alkali. Little used."], "strifeful": ["STRIFEFUL, a. Contentious; discordant.", "The ape was strifeful and ambitious and the fox guileful and most covetous."], "strike": ["STRIKE, v.t. pret. struck; pp. struck and stricken; but struck is in the most common use. Strook is wholly obsolete. G., to pass, move or ramble, to depart, to touch, to stroke, to glide or glance over, to lower or strike, as sails, to curry; L., to sweep together, to spread, as a plaster, to play on a violin, to card, as wool, to strike or whip, as with a rod; a stroke, stripe or lash.", "1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or an instrument; to give a blow to, either with the open hand, the fist, a stick, club or whip, or with a pointed instrument, or with a ball or an arrow discharged. An arrow struck the shield; a ball strikes a ship between wind and water.", "He at Philippi kept his sword een like a dancer, while I struck the lean and wrinkled Cassius.", "2. To dash; to throw with a quick motion.", "They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side-posts. Exodus 12.", "3. To stamp; to impress; to coin; as, to strike coin at the mint; to strike dollars or sovereigns; also, to print; as, to strike five hundred copies of a book.", "4. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; as, a tree strikes its root deep.", "5. To punish; to afflict; as smite is also used.", "To punish the just is not good, nor to strike princes for equity. Proverbs 17.", "6. To cause to sound; to notify by sound; as, the clock strikes twelve; the drums strike up a march.", "7. To run upon; to be stranded. The ship struck at twelve, and remained fast.", "8. To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart; to penetrate.", "Now and then a beam of wit or passion strikes through the obscurity of the poem.", "9. To lower a flag or colors in token of respect, or to signify a surrender of the ship to an enemy.", "10. To break forth; as, to strike into reputation. Not in use.", "To strike in, to enter suddenly; also, to recede from the surface, as an eruption; to disappear.", "To strike in with, to conform to; to suit itself to; to join with at once.", "To strike out, to wander; to make a sudden excursion; as, to strike out into an irregular course of life.", "To strike, among workmen in manufactories, in England, is to quit work I a body or by combination, in order to compel their employers to raise their wages.", "STRIKE, n.", "1. An instrument with a straight edge for leveling a measure of grain, salt and the like, for scraping off what is above the level of the top.", "2. A bushel; four pecks. Local.", "3. A measure of four bushels or half a quarter. Local.", "Strike of flax, a handful that may be hackled at once. Local."], "striking": ["STRIKING, ppr.", "1. Hitting with a blow; impressing; imprinting; punishing; lowering, as sails or a mast, &c.", "2. a. Affecting with strong emotions; surprising; forcible; impressive; as a striking representation or image.", "3. Strong; exact; adapted to make impression; as a striking resemblance of features."], "strikingly": ["STRIKINGLY, adv. In such a manner as to affect or surprise; forcibly; strongly; impressively."], "striker": ["STRIKER, n.", "1. One that strikes, or that which strikes.", "2. In Scripture, a quarrelsome man. Titus 1."], "string": ["STRING, n. G., L., drawing, stretching.", "1. A small rope, line or cord, or a slender strip of lether or other like substance, used for fastening or tying things.", "2. A ribin.", "Round Ormonds knee thou tyst the mystic string.", "3. A thread on which any thing is filed; and hence, a line of things; as a string of shells or beads.", "4. The chord of a musical instrument, as of a harpsichord, harp or violin; as an instrument of ten strings.", "5. A fiber, as of a plant.", "Duck weed putteth forth a little string into the water, from the bottom.", "6. A nerve or tendon of an animal body.", "The string of his tongue was loosed. Mark 7.", "This is not a technical word.", "7. The line or cord of a bow.", "He twangs the quivring string.", "8. A series of things connected or following in succession; any concatenation of things; as a string of arguments; a string of propositions.", "9. In ship-building, the highest range of planks in a ships ceiling, or that between the gunwale and the upper edge of the upper deck ports.", "10. The tough substance that unites the two parts of the pericarp of leguminous plants; as the strings of beans.", "To have two strings to the bow, to have two expedients for executing a project or gaining a purpose; to have a double advantage, or to have two views. In the latter sense, unusual.", "STRING, v.t. pret. and pp. strung.", "1. To furnish with strings.", "Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet?", "2. To put in tune a stringed instrument.", "For here the muse so oft her harp has strung--", "3. To file; to put on a line; as, to string beads or pearls.", "4. To make tense; to strengthen.", "Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood.", "5. To deprive of strings; as, to string beans."], "stringed": ["STRINGED, a.", "1. Having strings; as a stringed instrument.", "2. Produced by strings; as stringed noise."], "stringing": ["STRINGING, ppr. Furnishing with strings; putting in tune; filling; making tense; depriving of strings."], "strip": ["STRIP, v.t. G., to strip, to flay, to stripe or streak, to graze upon, to swerve, ramble or stroll. L.", "1. To pull or tear off, as a covering; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a mans back.", "2. To deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel; as, to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its bark; to strip a man of his clothes.", "3. To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; as, to strip a man of his possessions.", "4. To divest; as, to strip one of his rights and privileges. Let us strip this subject of all its adventitious glare.", "5. To rob; to plunder; as, robbers strip a house.", "6. To bereave; to deprive; to impoverish; as a man stripped of his fortune.", "7. To deprive; to make bare by cutting, grazing or other means; as cattle strip the ground of its herbage.", "8. To pull off husks; to husk; as, to strip maiz, or the ears of maiz.", "9. To press out the last milk at a milking.", "10. To unrig; as, to strip a ship.", "11. To pare off the surface of land in strips, and turn over the strips upon the adjoining surface.", "To strip off,", "1. To pull or take off; as, to strip off a covering; to strip off a mask or disguise.", "2. To cast off. Not in use.", "3. To separate from something connected. Not in use.", "We may observe the primary sense of this word is to peel or skin, hence to pull off in a long narrow piece; hence stripe.", "STRIP, n. G., a stripe, a streak.", "1. A narrow piece, comparatively long; as a strip of cloth.", "2. Waste, in a legal sense; destruction of fences, buildings, timber, &c."], "stripped": ["STRIPPED, pp. Pulled or torn off; peeled; skinned; deprived; divested; made naked; impoverished; husked, as maiz."], "stripping": ["STRIPPING, ppr. Pulling off; peeling; skinning; flaying; depriving; divesting; husking."], "strippings": ["STRIPPINGS, n. The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking."], "stripe": ["STRIPE, n. See Strip. It is probable that this word is taken from stripping.", "1. A line or long narrow division of any thing, of a different color from the ground as a stripe of red on a green ground; hence, any linear variation of color.", "2. A strip or long narrow piece attached to something of a different color; as a long stripe sewed upon a garment.", "3. The weal or long narrow mark discolored by a lash or rod.", "4. A stroke made with a lash, whip, rod, strap or scourge.", "Forty stripes may he give him, and not exceed. Deuteronomy 25.", "A blow with a club is not a stripe.", "5. Affliction; punishment; sufferings.", "By his stripes are we healed. Isaiah 53.", "STRIPE, v.t.", "1. To make stripes; to form with lines of different colors; to variegate with stripes.", "2. To stripe; to lash. Little used."], "striped": ["STRIPED, pp.", "1. Formed with lines of different colors.", "2. a. Having stripes of different colors."], "striping": ["STRIPING, ppr. Forming with stripes."], "stripling": ["STRIPLING, n. from strip, stripe; primarily a tall slender youth, one that shoots up suddenly. A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad.", "And the king said, inquire thou whose son the stripling is. 1 Samuel 18."], "strive": ["STRIVE, v.i. pret. strove; pp. striven. G. This word coincides in elements with drive, and the primary sense is nearly the same. See Rival.", "1. To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with earnestness; to labor hard; applicable to exertions of body or mind. A workman strives to perform his task before another; a student strives to excel his fellows in improvement.", "Was it for this that his ambition strove to equal Cesar first, and after Jove?", "Strive with me in your prayers to God for me. Romans 15.", "Strive to enter in at the strait gate. Luke 8.", "2. To contend; to contest; to struggle in opposition to another; to be in contention or dispute; followed by against or with before the person or thing opposed; as, strive against temptation; strive for the truth.", "My spirit shall not always strive with man. Genesis 6.", "3. To oppose by contrariety of qualities.", "Now private pity strove with public hate, reason with rage, and eloquence with fate.", "4. To vie; to be comparable to; to emulate; to contend in excellence.", "Not that sweet grove of Daphne by Orontes, and the inspird Castalian spring, might with this paradise of Eden strive."], "striving": ["STRIVING, ppr. Making efforts; exerting the power of body or mind with earnestness; contending.", "STRIVING, n. The act of making efforts; contest; contention."], "strivingly": ["STRIVINGLY, adv. With earnest efforts; with struggles."], "stroke": ["STROKE, STROOK, for struck."], "stroked": ["STROKED, pp. Rubbed gently with the hand."], "stroking": ["STROKING, ppr. Rubbing gently with the hand."], "strong": ["STRONG, a. G., L. The sense of the radical word is to stretch, strain, draw, and probably from the root of stretch and reach.", "1. Having physical active power, or great physical power; having the power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous. A patient is recovering from sickness, but is not yet strong enough to walk. A strong man will lift twice his own weight.", "That our oxen may be strong to labor. Psalm 144.", "Orses the strong to greater strength must yield.", "2. Having physical passive power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; solid; as a constitution strong enough to bear the fatigues of a campaign.", "3. Well fortified; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as a strong fortress or town.", "4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as a strong army or fleet; a strong nation; a nation strong at sea.", "5. Having great wealth, means or resources; as a strong house or company of merchants.", "6. Moving with rapidity; violent; forcible; impetuous; as a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; we had a strong tide against us.", "7. Hale; sound; robust; as a strong constitution.", "8. Powerful; forcible; cogent; adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; as a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example or instance. He used strong language.", "9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as a strong partisan; a strong whig or tory.", "Her mother, ever strong against that match--", "10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or having a particular quality in a great degree; as a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea; strong coffee.", "11. Full of spirit; intoxicating; as strong liquors.", "12. Affecting the sight forcibly; as strong colors.", "13. Affecting the taste forcibly; as the strong flavor of onions.", "14. Affecting the smell powerfully; as a strong scent.", "15. Not of easy digestion; solid; as strong meat. Hebrews 5.", "16. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as a custom grown strong by time.", "17. Violent; vehement; earnest.", "Who in the day of his flesh, when he offered up prayers with strong crying and tears-- Hebrews 5.", "18. Able; furnished with abilities.", "I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism.", "19. Having great force of mind, of intellect or of any faculty; as a man of strong powers of mind; a man of a strong mind or intellect; a man of strong memory, judgment or imagination.", "20. Having great force; comprising much in few words.", "Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, as high, as sweet, as easy and as strong.", "21. Bright; glaring; vivid; as a strong light.", "22. Powerful to the extent of force named; as an army ten thousand strong."], "strongest": ["STRONGEST, a. superl. of strong. Having most strength."], "stronger": ["STRONGER, a. comp. of strong. Having more strength."], "strongly": ["STRONGLY, adv.", "1. With strength; with great force or power; forcibly; a word of extensive application.", "2. Firmly; in a manner to resist attack; as a town strongly fortified.", "3. Vehemently; forcibly; eagerly. The evils of this measure were strongly represented to the government."], "strove": ["STROVE, pret. of strive."], "strow": ["STROW, is only a different orthography of strew. Not in use."], "struck": ["STRUCK, pret. and pp. of strike. See Strike."], "struggle": ["STRUGGLE, v.i. This word may be formed on the root of stretch, right, &c. which signifies to strain; or more directly on the same elements in L., to wrinkle.", "1. Properly, to strive, or to make efforts with a twisting or with contortions of the body. Hence,", "2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend; as, to struggle to save life; to struggle with the waves; to struggle against the stream; to struggle with adversity.", "3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in any kind of difficulty or distress.", "Tis wisdom to beware, and better shun the bait than struggle in the snare.", "STRUGGLE, n.", "1. Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to avoid an evil; properly, a violent effort with contortions of the body.", "2. Contest; contention; strife.", "An honest man might look upon the struggle with indifference.", "3. Agony; contortions of extreme distress."], "struggling": ["STRUGGLING, ppr. Making great efforts; using violent exertions; affected with contortions.", "STRUGGLING, n. The act of striving; vehement or earnest effort."], "stubble": ["STUBBLE, n. L. The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats or buckwheat, left in the ground; the part of the stalk left by the sythe or sickle.", "After the first crop is off, they plow in the stubble."], "stubborn": ["STUBBORN, a. This word is doubtless formed on the root of stub or stiff, and denotes fixed, firm. But the origin of the latter syllable is not obvious.", "1. Unreasonably obstinate; inflexibly fixed in opinion; not to be moved or persuaded by reasons; inflexible; as a stubborn son; a stubborn mind or soul.", "The queen is obstinate--stubborn to justice.", "2. Persevering; persisting; steady; constant; as stubborn attention.", "3. Stiff; not flexible; as a stubborn bow.", "Take a plant of stubborn oak.", "4. Hardy; firm; enduring without complaint; as stubborn Stoics.", "5. Harsh; rough; rugged. Little used.", "6. Refractory; not easily melted or worked; as a stubborn ore or metal.", "7. Refractory; obstinately resisting command, the goad or the whip; as a stubborn ass or horse."], "stubbornness": ["STUBBORNNESS, n.", "1. Perverse and unreasonable obstinacy; inflexibility; contumacy.", "Stubbornness and obstinate disobedience must be mastered with blows.", "2. Stiffness; want of pliancy.", "3. Refractoriness, as of ores."], "stuck": ["STUCK, pret. and pp. of stick.", "Stuck oer with titles, and hung round with strings.", "STUCK, n. A thrust. Not in use."], "stud": ["STUD, n. G., a stay or prop; to butt at, to gore. The sense of the root is to set, to thrust. G. It coincides with stead, place.", "1. In building, a small piece of timber or joist inserted in the sills and beams, between the posts, to support he beams or other main timbers. The boards on the outside and the laths on the inside of a building, are also nailed to the studs.", "2. A nail with a large head, inserted in work chiefly for ornament; an ornamental knob.", "A belt of straw, and ivy buds, with coral clasps and amber studs.", "Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossd with gems and studs of pearl.", "3. A collection of breeding horses and mares; or the place where they are kept.", "In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see horses bred of excellent shape, vigor and fire.", "4. A button for a shirt sleeve.", "STUD, v.t.", "1. To adorn with shining studs or knobs.", "Their horses shall be trappd, their harness studded all with gold and pearl.", "2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects."], "studded": ["STUDDED, pp.", "1. Adorned with studs.", "2. Set with detached ornaments.", "The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive plains that stretch before our view, are studded with substantial, neat and commodious dwelling of freemen."], "studding": ["STUDDING, ppr. Setting or adorning with studs or shining knobs."], "studied": ["STUDIED, pp. from study.", "1. Read; closely examined; read with diligence and attention; well considered. The book has been studied. The subject has been well studied.", "2. a. Learned; well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study; as a man well studied in geometry, or in law or medical science.", "3. Having a particular inclination. Not in use."], "study": ["STUDY, n. L., to study, that is, to set the thought or mind. See Assiduous.", "1. Literally, a setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence, application of mind of books, to arts or science, or to any subject, for the purpose of learning what is not before known.", "Hammond generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study.", "Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace.", "2. Attention; meditation; contrivance.", "Just men they seemd, and all their study bent to worship God aright and know his works.", "3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied. Let your studies be directed by some learned and judicious friend.", "4. Subject of attention.", "The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study.", "5. A building or an apartment devoted to study or to literary employment.", "6. Deep cogitation; perplexity. Little used.", "STUDY, v.i. L.", "1. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to muse; to dwell upon in thought.", "I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable.", "2. To apply the mind to books. He studies eight hours in the day.", "3. To endeavor diligently.", "That ye study to be quiet and do your own business. 1 Thessalonians 4."], "stuff": ["STUFF, n. G., See Stove and Stew.", "1. A mass of matter, indefinitely; or a collection of substances; as a heap of dust, of chips or of dross.", "2. The matter of which any thing is formed; materials. The carpenter and joiner speak of the stuff with which they build; mechanics pride themselves on having their wares made of good stuff.", "Time is the stuff which life is made of.", "Degrading prose explains his meaning ill, and shows the stuff, and not the workmans skill.", "Cesar hath wept; ambition should be made of sterner stuff.", "3. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels in general.", "He took away locks, and gave away the kings stuff. Nearly obsolete.", "4. That which fills any thing.", "Cleanse the suffd bosom of that perilous stuff that weighs upon the heart.", "5. Essence; elemental part; as the stuff of the conscience.", "6. A medicine. Vulgar.", "7. Cloth; fabrics of the loom; as silk stuffs; woolen stuffs. In this sense the word has a plural. Stuff comprehends all cloths, but it signifies particularly woolen cloth of slight texture for linings.", "8. Matter or thing; particularly, that which is trifling or worthless; a very extensive use of the word. Flattery is fulsome stuff; poor poetry is miserable stuff.", "Anger would indite such woful stuff as I or Shadwell write.", "9. Among seamen, a melted mass of turpentine, tallow, &c. With which the masts, sides and bottom of a ship are smeared.", "STUFF, v.t.", "1. To fill; as, to stuff a bedtick.", "2. To fill very full; to crowd.", "This crook drew hazel boughs adown, and stuffd her apron wide with nuts so brown.", "3. To thrust in; to crowd; to press.", "Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing them close together.", "4. To fill by being put into nay thing.", "With inward arms the dire machine they load, and iron bowels stuff the dark abode.", "5. To swell or cause to bulge out by putting something in.", "Stuff me out with straw.", "6. To fill with something improper.", "For thee I dim these eyes, and stuff this head with all such reading as was never read.", "7. To obstruct, as any of the organs.", "Im stuffd, cousin; I cannot smell.", "8. To fill meat with seasoning; as, to stuff a leg of veal.", "9. To fill the skin of a dead animal for presenting and preserving his form; as, to stuff a bird or a lions skin.", "10. To form by filling.", "An eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the tribunal.", "STUFF, v.i. To feed gluttonously.", "Taught harmless man to cram and stuff."], "stumble": ["STUMBLE, v.i. This word is probably from a root that signifies to stop or to strike, and may be allied to stammer.", "1. To trip in walking or moving in any way upon the legs; to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; applied to any animal. A man may stumble, as well as a horse.", "The way of the wicked is as darkness; they know not at what they stumble. Proverbs 4.", "2. To err; to slide into a crime or an error.", "He that loveth his brother, abideth in the light, and there is none occasion of stumbling in him. 1 John 2.", "3. To strike upon without design; to fall on; to light on by chance. Men often stumble upon valuable discoveries.", "Ovid stumbled by some inadvertence upon Livia in a bath.", "STUMBLE, v.t.", "1. To obstruct in progress; to cause to trip or stop.", "2. To confound; to puzzle; to put to a nonplus; to perplex.", "One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of this hypothesis.", "STUMBLE, n.", "1. A trip in walking or running.", "2. A blunder; a failure.", "One stumble is enough to deface the character of an honorable life."], "stumbled": ["STUMBLED, pp. Obstructed; puzzled."], "stumbling": ["STUMBLING, ppr. Tripping; erring; puzzling."], "stump": ["STUMP, n. G.", "1. The stub of a tree; the part of a tree remaining int he earth after the tree is cut down, or the part of any plant left in the earth by the sythe or sickle.", "2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is amputated or destroyed; as the stump of a leg, of a finger or a tooth.", "STUMP, v.t.", "1. To strike any thing fixed and hard with the toe. Vulgar.", "2. To challenge. Vulgar."], "subdue": ["SUBDUE, v.t.", "1. To conquer by force or the exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion. Thus Cesar subdued the Gauls; Augustus subdued Egypt; the English subdued Canada. Subduing implies conquest or vanquishing, but it implies also more permanence of subjection to the conquering power, than either of these words.", "I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chronicles 17.", "2. To oppress; to crush; to sink; to overpower so as to disable from further resistance.", "Nothing could have subdud nature to such a lowness, but his unkind daughters.", "If aught were worthy to subdue the soul of man.", "3. To tame; to break by conquering a refractory temper or evil passions; to render submissive; as, to subdue a stubborn child.", "4. To conquer; to reduce to mildness; as, to subdue the temper or passions.", "5. To overcome by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue opposition by argument or intreaties.", "6. To overcome; to conquer; to captivate; as by charms.", "7. To soften; to melt; to reduce to tenderness; as, to subdue ferocity by tears.", "8. To overcome; to overpower and destroy the force of; as, medicines subdue a fever.", "9. To make mellow; to break; as land; also, to destroy, as weeds."], "subdued": ["SUBDUED, pp. Conquered and reduced to subjection; oppressed; crushed; tamed; softened."], "subduing": ["SUBDUING, ppr. Vanquishing and reducing to subjection; crushing; destroying the power of resistance; softening."], "subject": ["SUBJECT, a.", "1. Placed or situate under.", "--The eastern tower whose height commands, as subject, all the vale, to see the fight.", "2. Being under the power and dominion of another; as, Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.", "Esau was never subject to Jacob.", "3. Exposed; liable from extraneous causes; as a country subject to extreme heat or cold.", "4. Liable from inherent causes; prone; disposed.", "All human things are subject to decay.", "5. Being that on which nay thing operates, whether intellectual or material; as the subject-matter of a discourse.", "6. Obedient. Titus 3. Colossians 2.", "SUBJECT, n. L.", "1. One that owes allegiance to a sovereign and is governed by his laws. The natives of Great Britain are subjects of the British government. The natives of the United States, and naturalized foreigners, are subjects of the federal government. Men in free governments, are subjects as well as citizens; as citizens, they enjoy rights and franchises; as subjects, they are bound to obey the laws.", "The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, and human laws require it.", "2. That on which any mental operation is performed; that which is treated or handled; as a subject of discussion before the legislature; a subject of negotiation.", "This subject for heroic song pleasd me.", "The subject of a proposition is that concerning which any thing is affirmed or denied.", "3. That on which any physical operation is performed; as a subject for dissection or amputation.", "4. That in which any thing inheres or exists.", "Anger is certainly a kind of baseness, as it appears well in the weakness of those subjects in whom it reigns.", "5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece.", "Authors of biography are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject.", "6. In grammar, the nominative case to a verb passive.", "SUBJECT, v.t.", "1. To bring under the power or dominion of. Alexander subjected a great part of the civilized world to his dominion.", "Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason--", "2. To put under or within the power of.", "In one short view subjected to our eye, gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties lie.", "3. To enslave; to make obnoxious.", "He is the most subjected, the most enslaved, who is so in his understanding.", "4. To expose; to make liable. Credulity subjects a person to impositions.", "5. To submit; to make accountable.", "God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts--", "6. To make subservient.", "--Subjected to his service angel wings.", "7. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject it to a rigid test."], "subjected": ["SUBJECTED, pp. Reduced to the dominion of another; enslaved; exposed; submitted; made to undergo."], "subjection": ["SUBJECTION, n.", "1. The act of subduing; the act of vanquishing and bringing under the dominion of another.", "The conquest of the kingdom and the subjection of the rebels--", "2. The state of being under the power, control and government of another. The safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. The isles of the West Indies are held in subjection to the powers of Europe. Our appetites and passions should be in subjection to our reason, and our will should be in entire subjection to the laws of God."], "subjective": ["SUBJECTIVE, a. Relating to the subject, as opposed to the object.", "Certainty--is distinguished into objective and subjective; objective, is when the proposition is certainly true of itself; and subjective, is when we are certain of the truth of it."], "subjectively": ["SUBJECTIVELY, adv. In relation to the subject."], "submit": ["SUBMIT', v.t. L. submitto; sub, under, and mitto, to send.", "1. To let down; to cause to sink or lower.", "Sometimes the hill submits itself a while.", "This use of the word is nearly or wholly obsolete.", "2. To yield, resign or surrender to the power, will or authority of another; with the reciprocal pronoun.", "Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hand. Gen.16.", "Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands. Eph.5.", "Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man. 1 Pet. 2.", "3. To refer; to leave or commit to the discretion of judgment of another; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court.", "SUBMIT', v.i. To surrender; to yield one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance. The enemy submitted.", "The revolted provinces presently submitted.", "1. To yield one's opinion to the opinion or authority of another. On hearing the opinion of the court, the counsel submitted without further argument.", "2. To be subject; to acquiesce in the authority of another.", "To thy husband's will", "Thine shall submit--", "3. To be submissive; to yield without murmuring.", "Our religion requires us--to submit to pain, disgrace and even death."], "submitted": ["SUBMIT'TED, pp. Surrendered; resigned; yielded; referred."], "submitting": ["SUBMIT'TING, ppr. Surrendering; resigning; yielding; referring to another for decision."], "suborn": ["SUBORN', v.t. L. suborno; sub and orno. The sense of orno, in this word, and the primary sense, is to put on, to furnish. Hence suborno, to furnish privately, that is, to bribe.", "1. In law, to procure a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.", "2. To procure privately or by collusion.", "Or else thou art suborn'd against his honor.", "3. To procure by indirect means.", "Those who by despair suborn their death."], "subornation": ["SUBORNA'TION, n. In law, the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury.", "1. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action."], "suborned": ["SUBORN'ED, pp. Procured to take a false oath, or to do a bad action."], "suborner": ["SUBORN'ER, n. One who procures another to take a false oath, or to do a bad action."], "suborning": ["SUBORN'ING, ppr. Procuring one to take a false oath, or to do a criminal action."], "subscribe": ["SUBSCRI'BE, v.t. L. subscribo; sub and scribo, to write.", "1. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to something written, or to bind one's self by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond or articles of agreement.", "2. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe their official acts; and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies of records.", "3. To promise to give by writing one's name; as, each man subscribed ten dollars or ten shillings.", "4. To submit. Not in use.", "SUBSCRI'BE, v.i. To promise to give a certain sum by setting one's name to a paper. The paper was offered and many subscribed.", "1. To assent; as, I could not subscribe to his opinion."], "subscribed": ["SUBSCRI'BED, pp. Having a name or names written underneath. The petition is subscribed by two thousand persons.", "1. Promised by writing the name and sum.", "A large sum is subscribed."], "subscriber": ["SUBSCRI'BER, n. One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by subscribing.", "1. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map and the like."], "subscribing": ["SUBSCRI'BING, ppr. Writing one's name underneath; assenting to or attesting by writing the name beneath; entering one's name as a purchaser."], "substance": ["SUB'STANCE, n. L. substantia, substo; sub and sto, to stand.", "1. In a general sense, being; something existing by itself; that which really is or exists; equally applicable to matter or spirit. Thus the soul of man is called an immaterial substance, a cogitative substance, a substance endued with thought. We say, a stone is a hard substance, tallow is a soft substance.", "2. That which supports accidents.", "That which subsists by itself is called substance; that which subsists in and by another, is called a mode or manner of being.", "3. The essential part; the main or material part. In this epitome, we have the substance of the whole book.", "This edition is the same in substance with the Latin.", "4. Something real, not imaginary; something solid, not empty.", "Heroic virtue did his actions guide,", "And he the substance, not th' appearance chose.", "5. Body; corporeal nature or matter.", "The qualities of plants are more various than those of animal substances.", "6. Goods; estate; means of living. Job's substance was seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, &c. Job 1.", "We are--exhausting our substance, but not for our own interest."], "subtil": ["SUB'TIL, a. L. subtilis. This word is often written subtle, but less properly.", "1. Thin; not dense or gross; as subtil air; subtil vapor; a subtil medium.", "2. Nice; fine; delicate.", "I do distinguish plain", "Each subtil line of her immortal face.", "3. Acute; piercing; as subtil pain.", "4. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; insinuating; as a subtil person; a subtil adversary.", "5. Planned by art; deceitful; as a subtil scheme.", "6. Deceitful; treacherous.", "7. Refined; fine; acute; as a subtil argument."], "subtility": ["SUBTIL'ITY, n. Fineness."], "subtilization": ["SUBTILIZA'TION, n. from subtilize.", "1. The act of making subtil, fine or thin. In the laboratory, the operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.", "2. Refinement; extreme acuteness."], "subtilize": ["SUB'TILIZE, v.t. L. subtilis.", "1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.", "2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments.", "SUB'TILIZE, v.i. To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions.", "In whatever manner the papist might subtilize--"], "subtilness": ["SUB'TILNESS, n. Thinness; rareness; as the subtilness of air.", "1. Fineness; acuteness; as the subtilness of an argument.", "2. Cunning; artfulness; as the subtilness of a foe."], "subtilly": ["SUB'TILLY, adv. Thinly; not densely.", "1. Finely; not grossly or thickly.", "The opakest bodies, if subtilly divided--become perfectly transparent.", "2. Artfully; cunningly; craftily; as a scheme subtilly contrived."], "subtilty": ["SUB'TILTY, n. L. subtilitas.", "1. Thinness; fineness; exility; in a physical sense; as the subtilty of air or light; the subtilty of sounds.", "2. Refinement; extreme acuteness.", "Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtilty in nice divisions.", "3. Slyness in design; cunning; artifice; usually but less properly written subtlety."], "suburbed": ["SUB'URBED, a. Bordering on a suburb; having a suburb on its out part."], "suburbs": ["SUB'URBS, n. L. suburbium; sub and urbs, a city.", "1. A building without the walls of a city, but near them; or more generally, the parts that lie without the walls, but in the vicinity of a city. The word may signify buildings, streets or territory. We say, a house stands in the suburbs; a garden is situated in the suburbs of London or Paris.", "2. The confines; the out part.", "The suburb of their straw-built citadel."], "subvert": ["SUBVERT', v.t. L. subverto; sub and verto, to turn.", "1. To overthrow from the foundation; to overturn; to ruin utterly. The northern nations of Europe subverted the Roman empire. He is the worst enemy of man, who endeavors to subvert the christian religion. The elevation of corrupt men to office will slowly, but surely, subvert a republican government.", "This would subvert the principles of all knowledge.", "2. To corrupt; to confound; to pervert the mind, and turn it from the truth. 2 Tim.2."], "subverted": ["SUBVERT'ED, pp. Overthrown; overturned; entirely destroyed."], "subverter": ["SUBVERT'ER, n. One who subverts; an overthrower."], "subverting": ["SUBVERT'ING, ppr. Overthrowing; entirely destroying."], "succeed": ["SUCCEE'D, v.t. The first is the more analogical spelling, as in concede, recede. L. succedo; sub and cedo, to give way, to pass.", "1. To follow in order; to take the place which another has left; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne.", "John Adams succeeded Gen. Washington in the presidency of the United States. Lewis XVIII of France has lately deceased, and is succeeded by his brother Charles X.", "2. To follow; to come after; to be subsequent or consequent.", "Those destructive effects succeeded the curse.", "3. To prosper; to make successful.", "Succeed my wish, and second my design.", "SUCCEE'D, v.i. To follow in order.", "Not another comfort like to this,", "Succeeds in unknown fate.", "1. To come in the place of one that has died or quitted the place, or of that which has preceded. Day succeeds to night, and night to day.", "Enjoy till I return", "Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed.", "Revenge succeeds to love, and rage to grief.", "2. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous termination. The enemy attempted to take the fort by storm, but did not succeed. The assault was violent, but the attempt did not succeed.", "It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition.", "3. To terminate with advantage; to have a good effect.", "Spenser endeavored imitation in the Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it succeed in English.", "4. To go under cover.", "Or will you to the cooler cave succeed? Not much used."], "succeeder": ["SUCCEE'DER, n. One that follows or comes in the place of another; a successor. But the latter word is generally used."], "succeeding": ["SUCCEE'DING, ppr. Following in order; subsequent; coming after; as in all succeeding ages. He attended to the business in every succeeding stage of its progress.", "1. Taking the place of another who has quitted the place, or is dead; as a son succeeding his father; an officer succeeding his predecessor.", "2. Giving success; prospering.", "SUCCEE'DING, n. The act or state of prospering or having success. There is a good prospect of his succeeding."], "success": ["SUCCESS', n. L. successus, from succedo.", "1. The favorable or prosperous termination of any thing attempted; a termination which answers the purpose intended; properly in a good sense, but often in a bad sense.", "Or teach with more success her son,", "The vices of the time to shun.", "Every reasonable man cannot but wish me success in this attempt.", "Be not discouraged in a laudable undertaking at the ill success of the first attempt.", "Military successes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people.", "2. Succession. Not in use.", "Note. Success without an epithet, generally means a prosperous issue."], "successful": ["SUCCESS'FUL, a. Terminating in accomplishing what is wished or intended; having the desired effect; hence, in a good sense, prosperous; fortunate; happy; as a successful application of medicine; a successful experiment in chimistry or in agriculture; a successful enterprise.", "1. In a bad sense; as a successful attempt to subvert the constitution."], "successfulness": ["SUCCESS'FULNESS, n. Prosperous conclusion; favorable event; success."], "succession": ["SUCCES'SION, n. L. successio.", "1. A following of things in order; consecution; series of things following one another, either in time or place. Thus we speak of a succession of events in chronology, a succession of kings or bishops, and a succession of words or sentences.", "2. The act of succeeding or coming in the place of another; as, this happened after the succession of that prince to the throne. So we speak of the succession of heirs to the estates of their ancestors, or collateral succession.", "3. Lineage; an order or series of descendants.", "A long succession must ensue.", "4. The power or right of coming to the inheritance of ancestors. He holds the property by the title of succession.", "What people is so void of common sense,", "To vote succession from a native prince?", "Succession of crops, in agriculture, is more generally called rotation."], "successive": ["SUCCESS'IVE, a.", "1. Following in order or uninterrupted course, as a series of persons or things, and either in time or place; as the successive revolutions of years or ages; the successive kings of Egypt. The author holds this strain of declamation through seven successive pages or chapters.", "Send the successive ills through ages down.", "2. Inherited by succession; as a successive title; a successive empire. Little used."], "successively": ["SUCCESS'IVELY, adv. In a series or order, one following another. He left three sons, who all reigned successively.", "The whiteness at length changed successively into blue, indigo and violet."], "successiveness": ["SUCCESS'IVENESS, n. The state of being successive."], "such": ["SUCH, a.", "1. Of that kind; of the like kind. We never saw such a day; we have never had such a time as the present.", "It has as before the thing to which it relates. Give your children such precepts as tend to make them wiser and better.", "It is to be noted that the definitive adjective a, never precedes such, but is placed between it and the noun to which it refers; as such a man; such an honor.", "2. The same that. This was the state of the kingdom at such time as the enemy landed.", "3. The same as what has been mentioned.", "That thou art happy, owe to God;", "That thou continu'st such, owe to thyself.", "4. Referring to what has been specified. I have commanded my servant to be at such a place.", "5. Such and such, is used in reference to a person or place of a certain kind.", "The sovereign authority may enact a law, commanding such and such an action."], "suck": ["SUCK, v.t. L. sugo.", "1. To draw with the mouth; to draw out, as a liquid from a cask, or milk from the breast; to draw into the mouth. To suck is to exhaust the air of the mouth or of a tube; the fluid then rushes into the mouth or tube by means of the pressure of the surrounding air.", "2. To draw milk from with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother or dam, or the breast.", "3. To draw into the mouth; to imbibe; as, to suck in air; to suck the juice of plants.", "4. To draw or drain.", "Old ocean suck'd through the porous globe.", "5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to absorb.", "6. To inhale.", "To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb.", "To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction.", "To suck up, to draw into the mouth.", "SUCK, v.i. To draw by exhausting the air, as with the mouth, or with a tube.", "1. To draw the breast; as, a child, or the young of any animal, is first nourished by sucking.", "2. To draw in; to imbibe.", "SUCK, n. The act of drawing with the mouth.", "1. Milk drawn from the breast by the mouth."], "sucked": ["SUCK'ED, pp. Drawn with the mouth, or with an instrument that exhausts the air; imbibed; absorbed."], "sucking": ["SUCK'ING, ppr. Drawing with the mouth or with an instrument; imbibing; absorbing."], "suckle": ["SUCK'LE, n. A teat. Not in use.", "SUCK'LE, v.t. To give suck to; to nurse at the breast. Romulus and Remus are fabled to have been suckled by a wolf."], "suckled": ["SUCK'LED, pp. Nursed at the breast."], "suckling": ["SUCK'LING, ppr. Nursing at the breast.", "SUCK'LING, n. A young child or animal nursed at the breast. Ps.8.", "1. A sort of white clover."], "sudden": ["SUD'DEN, a. L. subitaneus.", "1. Happening without previous notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparatives.", "And sudden fear troubleth thee. Job.22.", "For when they shall say, peace and safety, then sudden destruction cometh upon them. 1 Thess.5.", "2. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate; passionate. Not in use.", "SUD'DEN, n. An unexpected occurrence; surprise. Not in use.", "On a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual preparatives.", "How art thou lost, how on a sudden lost!", "Of a sudden, is not usual, and is less elegant."], "suddenness": ["SUD'DENNESS, n. State of being sudden; a coming or happening without previous notice. The suddenness of the event precluded preparation."], "suddenly": ["SUD'DENLY, adv. In an unexpected manner; unexpectedly; hastily; without preparation.", "Therefore his calamity shall come suddenly. Prov.6.", "1. Without premeditation."], "sue": ["SUE, v.t. su. L. sequor. See Seek and Essay.", "1. To seek justice or right from one by legal process; to institute process in law against one; to prosecute in a civil action for the recovery of a real or supposed right; as, to sue one for debt; to sue one for damages in trespass. Matt.5.", "2. To gain by legal process.", "3. To clean the beak, as a hawk; a term of falconry.", "To sue out, to petition for and take out; or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.", "SUE, v.i. To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek for in law; as, to sue for damages.", "1. To seek by request; to apply for; to petition; to entreat.", "By adverse destiny constrain'd to sue", "For counsel and redress, he sues to you.", "2. To make interest for; to demand.", "Caesar come to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship."], "suffer": ["SUF'FER, v.t.L. suffero; sub, under, and fero, to bear; as we say, to undergo.", "1. To feel or bear what is painful, disagreeable or distressing, either to the body or mind; to undergo. We suffer pain of body; we suffer grief of mind. The criminal suffers punishment; the sinner suffers the pangs of conscience in this life, and is condemned to suffer the wrath of an offended God. We often suffer wrong; we suffer abuse; we suffer injustice.", "2. To endure; to support; to sustain; not to sink under.", "Our spirit and strength entire,", "Strongly to suffer and support our pains.", "3. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder. Will you suffer yourself to be insulted?", "I suffer them to enter and possess.", "Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbor, and not suffer sin upon him. Lex.19.", "4. To undergo; to be affected by. Substances suffer an entire change by the action of fire, or by entering into new combinations.", "5. To sustain; to be affected by; as, to suffer loss or damage.", "SUF'FER,v.i. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient. We suffer with pain, sickness or sorrow. We suffer with anxiety. We suffer by evils past and by anticipating others to come. We suffer from fear and from disappointed hopes.", "1. To undergo, as punishment.", "The father was first condemned to suffer on a day appointed,and the son afterwards, the day following.", "2. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. A building suffers for want of seasonable repairs. It is just that we should suffer for neglect of duty.", "Public business suffers by private infirmities."], "sufferable": ["SUF'FERABLE, a. That may be tolerated or permitted; allowable.", "1. That may be endured or borne."], "sufferably": ["SUF'FERABLY, adv. Tolerably; so as to be endured."], "sufferance": ["SUF'FERANCE, n. The bearing of pain; endurance; pain endured; misery.", "He must not only die,", "But thy unkindness shall the death draw out", "To ling'ring sufferance.", "1. Patience; moderation; a bearing with patience.", "But hasty heat temp'ring with sufferance wise.", "2. Toleration; permission; allowance; negative consent by not forbidding or hindering.", "In process of time, sometimes by sufferance, sometimes by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories.", "In their beginning, they are weak and wan,", "But soon through sufferance grow to fearful end.", "An estate at sufferance, in law, is where a person comes into possession of land by lawful title, but keeps it after the title ceases, without positive leave of the owner."], "suffered": ["SUF'FERED, pp. Borne; undergone; permitted; allowed."], "sufferer": ["SUF'FERER, n. One who endures or undergoes pain, either of body or mind; one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as suffers by poverty or sickness. Men are sufferers by fire or losses at sea; they are sufferers by the ravages of an enemy; still more are they sufferers by their own vices and follies.", "1. One that permits or allows."], "suffering": ["SUF'FERING, ppr. Bearing; undergoing pain, inconvenience or damage; permitting; allowing.", "SUF'FERING, n. The bearing of pain, inconvenience or loss; pain endured; distress, loss or injury incurred; as sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs."], "suffice": ["SUFFICE, v.i. suffi'ze. L. sufficio; sub and facio.", "To be enough or sufficient; to be equal to the end proposed.", "To recount Almighty works", "What words or tongue of seraph can suffice?", "SUFFICE, v.t. suffi'ze. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of.", "Let it suffice thee; speak no more to me of this matter. Deut.3.", "Lord, show us the Father, and it sufficeth us. John 14. Ruth 2.", "1. To afford; to supply.", "The pow'r appeas'd, with wind suffic'd the sail. Not in use."], "sufficed": ["SUFFICED, pp. suffi'zed. Satisfied; adequately supplied."], "sufficing": ["SUFFICING, ppr. suffi'zing. Supplying what is needed; satisfying."], "sufficiency": ["SUFFI'CIENCY, n. The state of being adequate to the end proposed.", "His sufficiency is such, that he bestows and possesses, his plenty being unexhausted.", "1. Qualification for any purpose.", "I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit the counsel of others.", "2. Competence; adequate substance or means.", "An elegant sufficiency, content.", "3. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.", "4. Ability; adequate power.", "Our sufficiency is of God. 2 Cor.3.", "5. Conceit; self-confidence. See Self-sufficiency."], "sufficient": ["SUFFI'CIENT, a. L. sufficiens. Enough; equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; competent; as provision sufficient for the family; water sufficient for the voyage; an army sufficient to defend the country.", "My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor.12.", "1. Qualified; competent; possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; as a man sufficient for an office.", "2. Fit; able; of competent power or ability.", "Who is sufficient for these things? 2 Cor.2."], "sufficiently": ["SUFFI'CIENTLY, adv. To a sufficient degree; enough; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food and clothing; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official duties."], "suit": ["SUIT, n. L. sequor. See Seek. In Law Latin, secta is from the same source. Literally, a following; and so used in the old English statutes.", "1. Consecution; succession; series; regular order; as the same kind and suit of weather. Not now so applied.", "2. A set; a number of things used together, and in a degree necessary to be united, in order to answer the purpose; as a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; sometimes with less dependence of the particular parts on each other, but still united in use; as a suit of clothes; a suit of apartments.", "3. A set of the same kind or stamp, as a suit of cards.", "4. Retinue; a company or number of attendants or followers; attendance; train; as a nobleman and his suit. This is sometimes pronounced as a French word, sweet; but in all its senses, this is the same word, and the affectation of making it French in one use and English in another, is improper, not to say ridiculous.", "5. A petition; a seeking for something by petition or application.", "Many shall make suit to thee. Job 11.", "6. Solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship.", "7. In law, an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as a civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery.", "In England, the several suits or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds, actions personal, real, and mixed.", "8. Pursuit; prosecution; chase.", "Suit and service, in feudal law, the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war, to follow them and perform military service.", "To bring suit, a phrase in law, denoting literally to bring secta, followers or witnesses to prove the plaintif's demand. The phrase is antiquated, or rather it has changed its signification; for to bring a suit, now is to institute an action.", "Out of suits, having no correspondence.", "Suit-covenant, in law, is a covenant to sue at a certain court.", "Suit-court, in law, the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord.", "SUIT, v.t. To fit; to adapt; to make proper. Suit the action to the word. Suit the gestures to the passion to be expressed. Suit the style to the subject.", "1. To become; to be fitted to.", "Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well.", "Raise her notes to that sublime degree,", "Which suits a song of piety and thee.", "2. To dress; to clothe.", "Such a Sebastian was by brother too,", "So went he suited to his watery tomb.", "3. To please; to make content. He is well suited with his place.", "SUIT, v.i. To agree; to accord; as, to suit with; to suit to. Pity suits with a noble nature.", "Give me not an office", "That suits with me so ill--", "The place itself was suiting to his care.", "The use of with, after suit, is now most frequent."], "suited": ["SUITED, pp. Fitted; adapted; pleased."], "suiting": ["SUITING, ppr. Fitting; according with; becoming; pleasing."], "sum": ["SUM, n. L. summa, a sum; L. simul, together; Heb. to set or place.", "1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added. The sum of 5 and 7 is 12.", "How precious are thy thoughts to me, O God! how great is the sum of them! Ps.139.", "Take the sum of all the congregation. Num.1.", "Sum is now applied more generally to numbers, and number to persons.", "2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount indefinitely. I sent him a sum of money, a small sum, or a large sum. I received a large sum in bank notes.", "3. Compendium; abridgment; the amount; the substance. This is the sum of all the evidence in the case. This is the sum and substance of all his objections. The sum of all I have said is this.", "The phrase, in sum, is obsolete or nearly so.", "In sum, the gospel considered as a law, prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin.", "4. Highth; completion.", "Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought", "My story to the sum of earthly bliss.", "SUM, v.t. To add particulars into one whole; to collect two or more particular numbers into one number; to cast up; usually followed by up, but it is superfluous. Custom enables a man to sum up a long column of figures with surprising facility and correctness.", "The hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day.", "1. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense. He summed up his arguments at the close of his speech, with great force and effect.", "\"Go to the ant, thou sluggard,\" in few words,sums up the moral of this fable.", "2. In falconry, to have feathers full grown.", "With prosperous wing full summ'd. Unusual."], "summed": ["SUM'MED, pp. from sum. Collected into a total amount; fully grown, as feathers."], "summing": ["SUM'MING, ppr. of sum. Adding together."], "summer": ["SUM'MER, n. One who casts up an account.", "SUM'MER, n. With us, the season of the year comprehended in the months June, July and August; during which time, the sun being north of the equator, shines more directly upon this part of the earth, which, together with the increased length of the days, renders this the hottest period of the year. In latitudes south of the equator, just the opposite takes place, or it is summer there when it is winter here.", "The entire year is also sometimes divided into summer and winter, the former signifying the warmer and the latter the colder part of the year.", "SUM'MER, v.i. To pass the summer or warm season.", "The fowls shall summer upon them. Is.18.", "SUM'MER, v.t. To keep warm. Little used.", "SUM'MER, n.", "1. A large stone, the first that is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make a cross vault; or a stone laid over a column, and hollowed to receive the first haunce of a platband.", "2. A large timber supported on two stone piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window, &c.", "3. A large timber or beam laid as a central floor timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the ends of the joists and supporting them. This timber is seen in old buildings in America and in France. In America, it is wholly laid aside. It is called in England summer-tree."], "sumptuous": ["SUMP'TUOUS, a. L. sumptuosus. Costly; expensive; hence, splendid; magnificent; as a sumptuous house or table; sumptuous apparel.", "We are too magnificent and sumptuous in our tables and attendance."], "sumptuously": ["SUMP'TUOUSLY, adv. Expensively; splendidly; with great magnificence."], "sumptuousness": ["SUMP'TUOUSNESS, n. Costliness; expensiveness.", "I will not fall out with those who can reconcile sumptuousness and charity.", "1. Splendor; magnificence."], "sun": ["SUN, n.", "1. The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the center of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all the planets. The light of the sun constitutes the day, and the darkness which proceeds form its absence, or the shade of the earth, constitutes the night. Ps.136.", "2. In popular usage, a sunny place; a place where the beams of the sun fall; as, to stand in the sun, that is, to stand where the direct rays of the sun fall.", "3. Any thing eminently splendid or luminous; that which is the chief source of light or honor. The natives of America complain that the sun of their glory is set.", "I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignty to posterity.", "4. In Scripture, Christ is called the sun of righteousness, as the source of light, animation and comfort to his disciples.", "5. The luminary or orb which constitutes the center of any system of worlds. The fixed stars are supposed to be suns in their respective systems.", "Under the sun, in the world; on earth; a proverbial expression.", "There is no new thing under the sun. Eccles.1.", "SUN, v.t. To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the light of the sun; to insolate; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain.", "--Then to sun thyself in open air."], "sunder": ["SUN'DER, v.t.", "1. To part; to separate; to divide; to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; as, to sunder a rope or cord; to sunder a limb or joint; to sunder friends, or the ties of friendship. The executioner sunders the head from the body at a stroke. A mountain may be sundered by an earthquake.", "Bring me lightning, give me thunder;", "--Jove may kill, but ne'er shall sunder.", "2. To expose to the sun. Provincial in England.", "SUN'DER, n. In sunder, in tow.", "He cutteth the spear in sunder. Ps.46."], "sundered": ["SUN'DERED, pp. Separated; divided; parted."], "sundering": ["SUN'DERING, ppr. Parting; separating."], "sundry": ["SUN'DRY, a. Several; divers; more than one or two. This word, like several, is indefinite; but it usually signifies a small number, sometimes many.", "I have composed sundry collects.", "Sundry foes the rural realm surround."], "sung": ["SUNG, pret. and pp. of sing.", "While to his harp divine Amphion sung."], "sunk": ["SUNK, pret. and pp. of sink.", "Or toss'd by hope, or sunk by care."], "sunrising": ["SUN'RISING, n. sun and rise. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; or more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather.", "1. The east."], "sup": ["SUP, v.t. To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip.", "There I'll sup", "Balm and nectar in my cup.", "SUP, v.i. To eat the evening meal.", "When they had supped,they brought Tobias in.", "SUP, v.t. To treat with supper.", "Sup them well. Not in use.", "SUP, n. A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with the lips; a sip.", "Tom Thumb got a little sup."], "superfluence": ["SUPER'FLUENCE, n. L. super and fluo, to flow. Superfluity; more than is necessary. Little used."], "superfluity": ["SUPERFLU'ITY, n. L. superfluitas; super and fluo, to flow.", "1. Superabundance; a greater quantity than is wanted; as a superfluity of water or provisions.", "2. Something that is beyond what is wanted; something rendered unnecessary by its abundance. Among the superfluities of life we seldom number the abundance of money."], "superfluous": ["SUPER'FLUOUS, a. L. superfluus, overflowing; super and fluo, to flow.", "1. More than is wanted; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; as a superfluous supply of corn.", "2. More than sufficient; unnecessary; useless; as a composition abounding with superfluous words. Superfluous epithets rather enfeeble than strengthen description. If what has been said will not convince, it would be superfluous to say more.", "Superfluous interval, in music, is one that exceeds a true diatonic interval by a semitone minor.", "Superfluous polygamy, (Polygamia superflua,) a kind of inflorescence or compound flower, in which the florets of the disk are hermaphrodite and fertile, and those of the ray, though female or pistiliferous only, are also fertile; designating the second order of the class Syngenesia of Linne.", "Superfluous sound or tone, is one which contains a semitone minor more than a tone."], "superfluously": ["SUPER'FLUOUSLY, adv. With excess; in a degree beyond what is necessary."], "superfluousness": ["SUPER'FLUOUSNESS, n. The state of being superfluous or beyond what is wanted."], "superscription": ["SUPERSCRIP'TION, n. The act of superscribing.", "1. That which is written or engraved on the outside, or above something else.", "The superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS. Mark 15. Luke 23.", "2. An impression of letters on coins. Matt.22."], "superstition": ["SUPERSTI'TION, n. L. superstitio, supersto; super and sto, to stand.", "1. Excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance; excess or extravagance in religion; the doing of things not required by God, or abstaining from things not forbidden; or the belief of what is absurd, or belief without evidence.", "Superstition has reference to god, to religion, or to beings superior to man.", "2. False religion; false worship.", "3. Rite or practice proceeding from excess of scruples in religion. In this sense, it admits of a plural.", "They the truth", "With superstitions and traditions taint.", "4. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.", "5. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in omens and prognostics."], "superstitious": ["SUPERSTI'TIOUS, a. L. superstitiosus.", "1. Over scrupulous and rigid in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion; as superstitious people.", "2. Proceeding from superstition; manifesting superstition; as superstitious rites; superstitious observances.", "3. Over exact; scrupulous beyond need.", "Superstitious use, in law, the use of land for a religious purpose, or by a religious corporation."], "superstitiously": ["SUPERSTI'TIOUSLY, adv. In a superstitious manner; with excessive regard to uncommanded rites or unessential opinions and forms in religion.", "1. With too much care; with excessive exactness or scruple.", "2. With extreme credulity in regard to the agency of superior beings in extraordinary events."], "superstitiousness": ["SUPERSTI'TIOUSNESS, n. Superstition."], "supper": ["SUP'PER, n. The evening meal. People who dine late, eat no supper. The dinner of fashionable people would be the supper of rustics."], "supplant": ["SUPPLANT', v.t. L. supplanto; sub and planta, the bottom of the foot. To trip up the heels.", "Supplanted down he fell.", "1. To remove or displace by stratagem; or to displace and take the place of; as, a rival supplants another in the affections of his mistress, or in the favor of his prince.", "Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend.", "2. To overthrow; to undermine."], "supplantation": ["SUPPLANTA'TION, n. The act of supplanting."], "supplanted": ["SUPPLANT'ED, pp. Tripped up; displaced."], "supplanter": ["SUPPLANT'ER, n. One that supplants."], "supplanting": ["SUPPLANT'ING, ppr. Tripping up the heels; displacing by artifice."], "supple": ["SUP'PLE, a.", "1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as supple joints; supple fingers.", "2. Yielding; compliant; not obstinate.", "If punishment--makes not the will supple, it hardens the offender.", "3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning.", "4. That makes plaint; as supple government.", "SUP'PLE, v.t. To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple leather.", "1. To make compliant.", "A mother persisting till she had suppled the will of her daughter.", "SUP'PLE, v.i. To become soft and pliant; as stones suppled into softness."], "suppled": ["SUP'PLED, pp. Made soft and plaint; made compliant."], "suppleness": ["SUP'PLENESS, n. from supple. Pliancy; pliableness; flexibility; the quality of being easily bent; as the suppleness of the joints.", "1. Readiness of compliance; the quality of easily yielding; facility; as the suppleness of the will."], "suppliant": ["SUP'PLIANT, a. L. supplico, to supplicate; sub and plico, to fold. See Comply and Apply.", "1. Entreating; beseeching; supplicating; asking earnestly and submissively.", "The rich grow suppliant, and the poor grow proud.", "2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of humble supplication.", "To bow and sue for grace with suppliant knee.", "SUP'PLIANT, n. A humble petitioner; one who entreats submissively.", "Spare this life, and hear thy suppliant's pray'r."], "suppliantly": ["SUP'PLIANTLY, adv. In a suppliant or submissive manner."], "supplicant": ["SUP'PLICANT, a. L. supplicans. Entreating; asking submissively.", "SUP'PLICANT, n. One that entreats; a petitioner who asks earnestly and submissively.", "The wise supplicant--left the event to God."], "supplicate": ["SUP'PLICATE, v.t. L. supplico; sub and plico. See Suppliant.", "1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; as, to supplicate blessings on christian efforts to spread the gospel.", "2. To address in prayer; as, to supplicate the throne of grace.", "SUP'PLICATE, v.i. To entreat; to beseech; to implore; to petition with earnestness and submission.", "A man cannot brook to supplicate or beg."], "supplication": ["SUPPLICA'TION, n. L. supplicatio.", "1. Entreaty; humble and earnest prayer in worship. In all our supplications to the Father of mercies, let us remember a world lying in ignorance and wickedness.", "2. Petition; earnest request.", "3. In Roman antiquity, a religious solemnity observed in consequence of some military success. It consisted in sacrifices, feasting, offering thanks, and praying for a continuance of success."], "supplied": ["SUPPLI'ED, pp. from supply. Fully furnished; having a sufficiency."], "supply": ["SUPPLY', v.t. L. suppleo; sub and pleo, disused, to fill.", "1. To fill up, as any deficiency happens; to furnish what is wanted; to afford or furnish a sufficiency; as, to supply the poor with bread and clothing; to supply the daily wants of nature; to supply the navy with masts and spars; to supply the treasury with money. The city is well supplied with water.", "I wanted nothing fortune could supply.", "2. To serve instead of.", "Burning ships the banish'd sun supply.", "3. To give; to bring or furnish.", "Nearer care supplies", "Signs to my breast, and sorrow to my eyes.", "4. To fill vacant room.", "The sun was set, and Vesper to supply", "His absent beams, had lighted up the sky.", "5. To fill; as, to supply a vacancy.", "6. In general, to furnish; to give or afford what is wanted.", "Modern infidelity supplies no such motives.", "SUPPLY', n. Sufficiency for wants given or furnished. The poor have a daily supply of food; the army has ample supplies of provisions and munitions of war. Customs, taxes and excise constitute the supplies of revenue."], "supplying": ["SUPPLY'ING, ppr. Yielding or furnishing what is wanted; affording a sufficiency."], "support": ["SUPPORT, v.t. L. supporto; sub and porto, to carry.", "1. To bear; to sustain; to uphold; as, a prop or pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an arch; the stem of a tree supports the branches. Every edifice must have a foundation to support it; a rope or cord supports a weight.", "2. To endure without being overcome; as, to support pain, distress or misfortunes.", "This fierce demeanor and his insolence,", "The patience of a God could not support.", "3. To bear; to endure; as, to support fatigues or hardships; to support violent exertions. The eye will not support the light of the sun's disk.", "4. To sustain; to keep from fainting or sinking; as, to support the courage or spirits.", "5. To sustain; to act or represent well; as, to support the character or king Lear; to support the part assigned.", "6. To bear; to supply funds for or the means of continuing; as, to support the annual expenses of government.", "7. To sustain; to carry on; as, to support a war or a contest; to support an argument or debate.", "8. To maintain with provisions and the necessary means of living; as, to support a family; to support a son in college; to support the ministers of the gospel.", "9. To maintain; to sustain; to keep from failing; as, to support life; to support the strength by nourishment.", "10. To sustain without change or dissolution; as, clay supports an intense heat.", "11. To bear; to keep from sinking; as, water supports ships and other bodies; air supports a balloon.", "12. To bear without being exhausted; to be able to pay; as, to support taxes or contributions.", "13. To sustain; to maintain; as, to support a good character.", "14. To maintain; to verify; to make good; to substantiate. The testimony is not sufficient to support the charges; the evidence will not support the statements or allegations; the impeachment is well supported by evidence.", "15. To uphold by aid or countenance; as, to support a friend or a party.", "16. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to be able to support one's own cause.", "SUPPORT, n. The act or operation of upholding or sustaining.", "1. That which upholds, sustains or keeps from falling, as a prop, a pillar, a foundation of any kind.", "2. That which maintains life; as, food is the support of life, of the body, of strength. Oxygen or vital air has been supposed to be the support of respiration and of heat in the blood.", "3. Maintenance; subsistence; as an income sufficient for the support of a family; or revenue for the support of the army and navy.", "4. Maintenance; an upholding; continuance in any state, or preservation from falling, sinking or failing; as taxes necessary for the support of public credit; a revenue for the support of government.", "5. In general, the maintenance or sustaining of any thing without suffering it to fail, decline or languish; as the support of health, spirits, strength or courage; the support of reputation, credit, &c.", "6. That which upholds or relieves; aid; help; succor; assistance."], "supportable": ["SUPPORTABLE, a. That may be upheld or sustained.", "1. That may be borne or endured; as, the pain is supportable, or not supportable. Patience renders evils supportable.", "2. Tolerable; that may be borne without resistance or punishment; as, such insults are not supportable.", "3. That can be maintained; as, the cause or opinion is supportable."], "supportableness": ["SUPPORTABLENESS, n. The state of being tolerable."], "supportance": ["SUPPORTANCE, n. Maintenance; support. Not in use."], "supportation": ["SUPPORTA'TION, n. Maintenance; support. Not in use."], "supported": ["SUPPORTED, pp. Borne; endured; upheld; maintained; subsisted; sustained; carried on."], "supporter": ["SUPPORTER, n. One that supports or maintains.", "1. That which supports or upholds; a prop, a pillar, &c.", "The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured.", "2. A sustainer; a comforter.", "The saints have a companion and supporter in all their miseries.", "3. A maintainer; a defender.", "Worthy supporters of such a reigning impiety.", "4. One who maintains or helps to carry on; as the supporters of a war.", "5. An advocate; a defender; a vindicator; as the supporters of religion, morality, justice, &c.", "6. An adherent; one who takes part; as the supporter of a party or faction.", "7. In ship-building, a knee placed under the cat-head.", "8. Supporters, in heraldry, are figures of beasts that appear to support the arms."], "supportful": ["SUPPORTFUL, a. Abounding with support. Not used."], "supporting": ["SUPPORTING, ppr. Bearing; enduring; upholding; sustaining; maintaining; subsisting; vindicating."], "supportment": ["SUPPORTMENT, n. Support. Not in use."], "supposable": ["SUPPO'SABLE, a. from suppose. That may be supposed; that may be imagined to exist. That is not a supposable case."], "supposal": ["SUPPO'SAL, n. from suppose. Position without proof; the imagining of something to exist; supposition.", "Interest, with Jew, never proceeds but upon supposal at least, of a firm and sufficient bottom."], "suppose": ["SUPPOSE, v.t. suppo'ze. L. suppositus, suppono.", "1. To lay down or state as a proposition or fact that may exist or be true, though not known or believed to be true or to exist; or to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or illustration. Let us suppose the earth to be the center of the system, what would be the consequence?", "When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as we could possibly, supposing it were, we ought not to doubt of its existence.", "2. To imagine; to believe; to receive as true.", "Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all young men, the king's sons; for Ammon only is dead. 2 Sam.13.", "3. To imagine; to think.", "I suppose,", "If our proposals once again were heard--", "4. To require to exist or be true. The existence of things supposes the existence of a cause of the things.", "One falsehood supposes another, and renders all you say suspected.", "5. To put one thing by fraud in the place of another. Not in use."], "supposed": ["SUPPO'SED, pp. Laid down or imagined as true; imagined; believed; received as true."], "supposer": ["SUPPO'SER, n. One who supposes."], "supposing": ["SUPPO'SING, ppr. Laying down or imagining to exist or be true; stating as a case that may be; imagining; receiving as true."], "supreme": ["SUPRE'ME, a. L. supremus, from supra.", "1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in government or power. In the United States, the congress is supreme in regulating commerce and in making war and peace. The parliament of Great Britain is supreme in legislation; but the king is supreme in the administration of the government. In the universe, God only is the supreme ruler and judge. His commands are supreme, and binding on all his creatures.", "2. Highest, greatest or most excellent; as supreme love; supreme glory; supreme degree.", "3. It is sometimes used in a bad sense; as supreme folly or baseness, folly or baseness carried to the utmost extent. A bad use of the word."], "supremely": ["SUPRE'MELY, adv. With the highest authority. He rules supremely.", "1. In the highest degree; to the utmost extent; as supremely blest."], "sur": ["SUR, a prefix, from the French, contracted from L. super, supra, signifies over, above, beyond, upon."], "sure": ["SURE, a. shure. L. assevero, and to be connected with swear, and perhaps with L. verus; s being the remains of a prefix.", "1. Certain; unfailing; infallible.", "The testimony of the Lord is sure. Ps.19.", "We have also a more sure word of prophecy. 2 Pet.1.", "2. Certainly knowing, or having full confidence.", "We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth-- Rom.2.", "Now we are sure that thou knowest all things. John 16.", "3. Certain; safe; firm; permanent.", "Thy kingdom shall be sure to thee. Dan.4.", "4. Firm; stable; steady; not liable to failure, loss or change; as a sure covenant. 2 Sam. 23. Neh.9. Is.28.", "The Lord will make my lord a sure house. 1 Sam.25.", "So we say, to stand sure, to be sure of foot.", "5. Certain of obtaining or of retaining; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.", "6. Strong; secure; not liable to be broken or disturbed.", "Go your way, make it as sure as ye can. Math.27.", "7. Certain; not liable to failure. The income is sure.", "To be sure, or be sure, certainly. Shall you go? be sure I shall.", "To make sure, to make certain; to secure so that there can be no failure of the purpose or object.", "Make sure of Cato.", "A peace cannot fail, provided we make sure of Spain.", "Give all diligence to make your calling and election sure. 2 Pet. 1.", "SURE, adv. Certainly; without doubt; doubtless.", "Sure the queen would wish him still unknown.", "But in this sense, surely is more generally used."], "surely": ["SU'RELY, adv. Certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly.", "In the day thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Gen.2.", "He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great things out of small.", "1. Firmly; without danger of falling.", "He that walketh uprightly, walketh surely. Prov.10."], "sureness": ["SU'RENESS, n. Certainty.", "For more sureness he repeats it. Little used."], "suretiship": ["SU'RETISHIP, n. from surety. The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for another, and make good any debt or loss which may occur from another's delinquency.", "He that hateth suretiship is sure. Prov.11."], "surety": ["SU'RETY, n. Certainty; indubitableness.", "Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs-- Gen.15.", "1. Security; safety.", "Yet for the more surety they looked round about.", "2. Foundation of stability; support.", "We our state", "Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds;", "On other surety none.", "3. Evidence; ratification; confirmation.", "She call'd the saints to surety.", "That she would never put it from her finger,", "Unless she gave it to yourself.", "4. Security against loss or damage; security for payment.", "There remains unpaid", "A hundred thousand more, in surety of the which", "One part of Aquitain is bound to us.", "5. In law, one that is bound with and for another; one who enters into a bond or recognizance to answer for another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt or for the performance of some act, and who, in case of the principal debtor's failure, is compellable to pay the debt or damages; a bondsman; a bail.", "He that is surety for a stranger, shall smart for it. Prov.11.", "Thy servant became surety for the lad to my father. Gen.44.", "6. In Scripture, Christ is called \"the surety of a better testament.\" Heb.7.22. He undertook to make atonement for the sins of men, and thus prepare the way to deliver them from the punishment to which they had rendered themselves liable.", "7. A hostage."], "surfeit": ["SURFEIT, v.t. sur'fit. L. facio.", "1. To feed with meat or drink, so as to oppress the stomach and derange the functions of the system; to overfeed and produce sickness or uneasiness.", "2. To cloy; to fill to satiety and disgust. He surfeits us with his eulogies."], "surfeited": ["SUR'FEITED, pp. Surcharges and oppressed with eating and drinking to excess; cloyed."], "surfeiter": ["SUR'FEITER, n. One who riots; a glutton."], "surfeiting": ["SUR'FEITING, ppr. Oppressing the system by excessive eating and drinking; cloying; loading or filling to disgust.", "SUR'FEITING, n. The act of feeding to excess; gluttony. Luke 21."], "surmisal": ["SURMI'SAL, n. Surmise. Not in use."], "surmise": ["SURMISE, v.t. surmi'ze. To suspect; to imagine without certain knowledge; to entertain thoughts that something does or will exist, but upon slight evidence.", "It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew", "That what before she but surmis'd, was true.", "This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it."], "surmised": ["SURMI'SED, pp. Suspected; imagined upon slight evidence."], "surmiser": ["SURMI'SER, n. One who surmises."], "surmising": ["SURMI'SING, ppr. Suspecting; imagining upon slight evidence.", "SURMI'SING, n. The act of suspecting; surmise; as evil surmisings. 1 Tim. 6."], "surname": ["SUR'NAME, n. L. super and nomen.", "1. An additional name; a name or appellation added to the baptismal or christian name,and which becomes a family name. Surnames, with us, originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person. Thus William Rufus or red; Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith,or the smith; William Turner.", "2. An appellation added to the original name.", "My surname Coriolanus."], "surnamed": ["SURNA'MED, pp. Called by a name added to the christian or original name."], "surnaming": ["SURNA'MING, ppr. Naming by an appellation added to the original name."], "surprisal": ["SURPRISAL, n. surpri'zal. See Surprise. The act of surprising or coming upon suddenly and unexpectedly; or the state of being taken unawares."], "surprise": ["SURPRISE, v.t. surpri'ze. L. super, supra, and prendo, to take.", "1. To come or fall upon suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares.", "The castle of Macduff I will surprise.", "Who can speak", "The mingled passions that surpris'd his heart?", "2. To strike with wonder or astonishment by something sudden, unexpected or remarkable, either in conduct, words or story, or by the appearance of something unusual. Thus we are surprised at desperate acts of heroism, or at the narration of wonderful events, or at the sight of things of uncommon magnitude or curious structure.", "3. To confuse; to throw the mind into disorder by something suddenly presented to the view or to the mind.", "Up he starts, discover'd and surpris'd."], "surprised": ["SURPRI'SED, pp. Come upon or taken unawares; struck with something novel or unexpected."], "surprising": ["SURPRI'SING, ppr. Falling on or taking suddenly or unawares; striking with something novel; taking by a sudden or unexpected attack.", "1. a. Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment; as surprising bravery; surprising patience; a surprising escape from danger."], "surprisingly": ["SURPRI'SINGLY, adv. In a manner or degree that excites surprise. He exerted himself surprisingly to save the life of his companion."], "sustain": ["SUSTA'IN, v.t. L. sustineo; sub and teneo, to hold under.", "1. To bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; pillars sustain an edifice; a beast sustains a load.", "2. To hold; to keep from falling; as, a rope sustains a weight.", "3. To support; to keep from sinking in despondence. The hope of a better life sustains the afflicted amidst all their sorrows.", "4. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; as provisions to sustain a family or an army.", "5. To support in any condition by aid; to assist or relieve.", "His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain.", "6. To bear; to endure without failing or yielding. The mind stands collected and sustains the shock.", "Shall Turnus then such endless toil sustain?", "7. To suffer; to bear; to undergo.", "You shall sustain more new disgraces.", "8. To maintain; to support; not to dismiss or abate. Notwithstanding the plea in bar or in abatement, the court sustained the action or suit.", "9. To maintain as a sufficient ground. The testimony or the evidence is not sufficient to sustain the action, the accusation, the charges, or the impeachment.", "10. In music, to continue, as the sound of notes through their whole length.", "SUSTA'IN, n. That which upholds. Not in use."], "sustainable": ["SUSTA'INABLE, a. That may be sustained or maintained. The action is not sustainable."], "sustained": ["SUSTA'INED, pp. Borne; upheld; maintained; supported; subsisted; suffered."], "sustainer": ["SUSTA'INER, n. He or that which sustains, upholds or suffers."], "sustaining": ["SUSTA'INING, ppr. Bearing; upholding; maintaining; suffering; subsisting."], "sustenance": ["SUS'TENANCE, n.", "1. Support; maintenance; subsistence; as the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.", "2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions. This city has ample sustenance."], "swaddle": ["SWAD'DLE, v.t.", "1. To swathe; to bind, as with a bandage; to bind tight with clothes; used generally of infants; as, to swaddle a child.", "They swaddled me in my night-gown.", "2. To bat; to cudgel. Low and not in use.", "SWAD'DLE, n. Clothes bound tight around the body.", "They put me in bed in all my swaddles."], "swaddled": ["SWAD'DLED, pp. Swathed; bound in tight clothes."], "swaddling": ["SWAD'DLING, ppr. Swathing; binding in tight clothes."], "swallow": ["SWAL'LOW, n. A bird of the genus Hirundo, of many species, among which are the chimney swallow and the martin."], "swallowed": ["SWAL'LOWED, pp. Taken into the stomach; absorbed; received without scruple; engrossed; wasted; exhausted."], "swallower": ["SWAL'LOWER, n. One who swallows; also, a glutton."], "swallowing": ["SWAL'LOWING, ppr. Taking into the stomach; absorbing; ingulfing; receiving implicitly; engrossing; wasting; exhausting.", "SWAL'LOWING, n. The act of taking into the stomach or of absorbing; the act of receiving implicitly; the act of engrossing."], "swan": ["SWAN, n. A large aquatic fowl of the genus Anas, of two varieties, the wild and the tame. The plumage is of a pure white color, and its long arching neck gives it a noble appearance."], "sware": ["SWARE, old pret. of swear. We now use swore.", "SWARE"], "swarm": ["SWARM, n. sworm. L. ferveo, and boiling is very expressive of the motions of a swarm of bees. See the Verb.", "1. In a general sense, a large number or body of small animals or insects, particularly when in motion; but appropriately, a great number of honey bees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; or a like body of bees united and settled permanently in a hive. The bees that leave a hive in spring, are the young bees produced in the year preceding. Ex.8. Judges 14.", "2. A swarm or multitude; particularly, a multitude of people in motion. Swarms of northern nations overran the south of Europe in the fifth century.", "Note.--The application of this word to inanimate things, as swarms of advantages, by Shakespeare, and swarms of themes, by Young, is not legitimate, for the essence of the word is motion.", "SWARM, v.i. sworm.", "1. To collect and depart from a hive by flight in a body, as bees. Bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.", "2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to run; to throng together; to congregate in a multitude.", "In crowds around the swarming people join.", "3. To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude of animals in motion. The forests in America often swarm with wild pigeons. The northern seas in spring swarm with herrings.", "Every place swarms with soldiers.", "Such phrases as \"life swarms with ills,\" \"those days swarmed with fables,\" are not legitimate, or wholly obsolete.", "4. To breed multitudes.", "5. To climb, as a tree, by embracing it with the arms and legs, and scrambling.", "At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who could swarm up and seize it.", "Note.--This, by the common people in New England, is pronounced squirm or squurm, and it is evidently formed on worm, indicating that worm and warm, on which swarm and squirm are formed, are radically the same word. The primary sense is to bend, wind, twist, as a worm, or a swarm of bees. It may be formed on the foot of veer, vary.", "SWARM, v.t. To crowd or throng. Not in use."], "swear": ["SWEAR, v.i. pret. swore. Eng. veer; L. assevero.", "1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed.", "Ye shall not swear by my name falsely. Lev.19.", "But I say unto you, swear not at all. Matt.5.", "2. To promise upon oath.", "Jacob said, swear to me this day; and he swore to him. Gen.25.", "3. To give evidence an oath; as, to swear to the truth of a statement. He swore that the prisoner was not present at the riot.", "4. To be profane; to practice profaneness.", "Certain classes of men are accustomed to swear. For men to swear is sinful, disreputable and odious; but for females or ladies to swear, appears more abominable and scandalous.", "SWEAR, v.t. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of the declaration; as, to swear on oath. This seems to have been the primitive use of swear; that is, to affirm.", "1. To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; as, to swear witnesses in court; to swear a jury; the witness has been sworn; the judges are sworn into office.", "2. To declare or charge upon oath; as, to swear treason against a man.", "3. To obtest by an oath.", "Now by Apollo, king, thou swear'st thy gods in vain.", "To swear the peace against one, to make oath that one is under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from the person; in which case the person must find sureties of the peace."], "swearing": ["SWEARING, ppr. Affirming upon oath; uttering a declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of it.", "1. Putting upon oath; causing to swear.", "SWEARING, n. The act or practice of affirming on oath. Swearing in court is lawful.", "1. Profaneness. All swearing not required by some law, or in conformity with law, is criminal. False swearing or perjury is a crime of a deep dye."], "swearer": ["SWEARER, n. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his declaration.", "1. A profane person.", "Then the liars and swearers are fools."], "sweat": ["SWEAT, n. swet. L. sudor.", "1. The fluid or sensible moisture which issues out of the pores of the skin of an animal.", "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Gen.3.", "2. Labor; toil; drudgery.", "3. Moisture evacuated from any substance; as the sweat of hay or grain in a mow or stack.", "SWEAT, v.i. swet. pret. and pp. sweat or sweated. Swot is obsolete. L. sudo.", "1. To emit sensible moisture through the pores of the skin; to perspire. Horses sweat; oxen sweat little or not at all.", "2. To toil; to labor; to drudge.", "He'd have the poets sweat.", "3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.", "SWEAT, v.t. swet. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exsude.", "For him the rich Arabia sweats her gums.", "1. To cause to emit moisture from the pores of the skin. His physicians attempted to sweat him by the most powerful sudorifics.", "They sweat him profusely."], "sweating": ["SWEAT'ING, ppr. Emitting moisture from the pores of the skin; throwing our moisture; exuding.", "1. Causing to emit moisture upon the skin."], "sweep": ["SWEEP, v.t. pret. and pp. swept.", "1. To brush or rub over with a brush, broom or besom, for removing loose dirt; to clean by brushing; as, to sweep a chimney or a floor. When we say, to sweep a room, we mean, to sweep the floor of the room; and to sweep the house, is to sweep the floors of the house.", "2. To carry with a long swinging or dragging motion; to carry with pomp.", "And like a peacock, sweep along his tail.", "3. To drive or carry along or off by a long brushing stroke or force, or by flowing on the earth. Thus the wind sweeps the snow from the tops of the hills; a river sweeps away a dam, timber or rubbish; a flood sweeps away a bridge or a house. Hence,", "4. To drive, destroy or carry off many at a stroke, or with celerity and violence; as, a pestilence sweeps off multitudes in a few days. The conflagration swept away whole streets of houses.", "I have already swept the stakes.", "5. To rub over.", "Their long descending train,", "With rubies edg'd and sapphires, swept the plain.", "6. To strike with a long stroke.", "Wake into voice each silent string,", "And sweep the sounding lyre.", "7. To draw or drag over; as, to sweep the bottom of a river with a net, or with the bight of a rope, to hook an anchor.", "SWEEP, v.i. To pass with swiftness and violence, as something broad or brushing the surface of any thing; as a sweeping rain; a sweeping flood. A fowl that flies near the surface of land or water, is said to sweep along near the surface.", "1. To pass over or brush along with celerity and force; as, the wind sweeps along the plain.", "2. To pass with pomp; as, a person sweeps along with a trail.", "She sweeps it through the court with troops of ladies.", "3. To move with a long reach; as a sweeping stroke.", "SWEEP, n. The act of sweeping.", "1. The compass of a stroke; as a long sweep.", "2. The compass of any turning body or motion; as the sweep of a door.", "3. The compass of any thing flowing or brushing; as, the flood carried away every thing within its sweep.", "4. Violent and general destruction; as the sweep of an epidemic disease.", "5. Direction of any motion not rectilinear; as the sweep of a compass.", "6. The mold of a ship when she begins to compass in, at the rung heads; also, any part of a ship shaped by the segment of a circle; as a floor-sweep; a back-sweep, &c.", "7. Among refiners of metals, the almost-furnace.", "8. Among seamen, a large oar, used to assist the rudder in turning a ship in a calm, or to increase her velocity in a chase, &c.", "Sweep of the tiller, a circular frame on which the tiller traverses in large ships."], "sweeping": ["SWEE'PING, ppr. Brushing over; rubbing with a broom or besom; cleaning with a broom or besom; brushing along; passing over; dragging over."], "sweepings": ["SWEE'PINGS, n. plu. Things collected by sweeping; rubbish. The sweepings of streets are often used as manure."], "sweet": ["SWEET, a. L. suavis.", "1. Agreeable or grateful to the taste; as, sugar or honey is sweet.", "2. Pleasing to the smell; fragrant; as a sweet rose; sweet odor; sweet incense. Ex.26.", "3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodious; harmonious; as the sweet notes of a flute or an organ; sweet music; a sweet voice.", "4. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; as a sweet face; a sweet color or complexion; a sweet form.", "5. Fresh; not salt; as sweet water.", "6. Not sour; as sweet fruits; sweet oranges.", "7. Mild; soft; gentle.", "Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades?", "Job 38.", "8. Mild; soft; kind; obliging; as sweet manners.", "9. Grateful; pleasing.", "Sweet interchange of hill and valley.", "10. Making soft or excellent music; as a sweet singer.", "11. Not stale; as sweet butter. The bread is sweet.", "12. Not turned; not sour; as sweet milk.", "13. Not putrescent or putrid; as, the meat is sweet.", "SWEET, n. Something pleasing or grateful to the mind; as the sweets of domestic life.", "A little bitter mingled in our cup, leaves no relish of the sweet.", "1. A sweet substance; particularly, any vegetable juice which is added to wines to improve them.", "2. A perfume.", "3. A word of endearment.", "4. Cane juice, melasses,or other sweet vegetable substance."], "sweeting": ["SWEE'TING, n. A sweet apple.", "1. A word of endearment."], "sweetness": ["SWEE'TNESS, n. The quality of being sweet, in any of its senses; as gratefulness to the taste; or to the smell,fragrance; agreeableness to the ear, melody; as sweetness of the voice; sweetness of elocution.", "1. Agreeableness of manners; softness; mildness; obliging civility; as sweetness of behavior.", "2. Softness; mildness; amiableness; as sweetness of temper."], "sweetly": ["SWEE'TLY, adv. In a sweet manner;gratefully; agreeable.", "He sweetly temper'd awe.", "No poet ever sweetly sung,", "Unless he was, like Phoebus, young."], "swell": ["SWELL, v.i. pret. swelled; pp. swelled. Swollen is nearly obsolete..", "1. To grow larger; to dilate or extend the exterior surface or dimensions by matter added to the interior part, or by expansion of the inclosed substance. Thus the legs swell in dropsy; a bruised part swells; a tumor swells; a bladder swells by inflation.", "2. To increase in size or extent by any addition; as, a river swells and overflows its banks.", "3. To rise or be driven into waves or billows. In a tempest, the ocean swells into waves mountain high.", "4. To be puffed up or bloated; as, to swell with pride.", "5. To be gloated with anger; to be exasperated. He swells with rage.", "6. To be inflated; to belly; as swelling sails.", "7. To be turgid or bombastic; as swelling words; a swelling style.", "8. To protuberate; to bulge out; as, a cask swells in the middle.", "9. To be elated; to rise into arrogance.", "Your equal mind yet swells not into state.", "10. To grow more violent; as, a moderate passion may swell to fury.", "11. To grow upon the view; to become larger.", "--And monarachs to be hold the swelling scene.", "12. To become larger in amount. Many little debts added, swell to a great amount.", "13. To become louder; as, a sound gradually swells as it approaches.", "14. To strut; to look big.", "--Swelling like a turkey cock.", "15. To rise in altitude; as, land swells into hills.", "SWELL, v.t. To increase the size, bulk or dimensions of; to cause to rise, dilate or increase. Rains and dissolving snow swell the rivers in spring, and cause floods. Jordan is swelled by the snows of mount Libanus.", "1. To aggravate; to highten.", "It is low ebb with the accuser, when such peccadillos are put to swell the charge.", "2. To raise to arrogance; as, to be swelled with pride or haughtiness.", "3. To enlarge. These sums swell the amount of taxes to a fearful size. These victories served to swell the fame of the commander.", "4. In music, to augment, as the sound of a note.", "SWELL, n. Extension of bulk.", "1. Increase, as sound; as the swell of a note.", "2. A gradual ascent or elevation of land; as an extensive plain abounding with little swells.", "3. A wave or billow; more generally, a succession of large waves; as, a heavy swell sets into the harbor. Swell is also used to denote the waves or fluctuation of the sea after a storm, and the waves that roll in and break upon the shore.", "4. In an organ, a certain number of pipes inclosed in a box, which being uncovered, produce a swell of sound."], "swelled": ["SWELL'ED, pp. Enlarged in bulk; inflated; tumefied."], "swelling": ["SWELL'ING, ppr. Growing or enlarging in its dimensions; growing tumid; inflating; growing tumid; inflating; growing or making louder.", "SWELL'ING, n. A tumor,or any morbid enlargement of the natural size; as a swelling on the hand or leg.", "1. Protuberance; prominence.", "The superficies of such plates are not even, but have many cavities and swellings.", "2. A rising or enlargement by passion; as the swellings of anger, grief or pride."], "swept": ["SWEPT, pret. and pp. of sweep."], "swerve": ["SWERVE, v.i. swerv.", "1. To wander; to rove.", "The swerving vines on the tall elms prevail.", "2. To wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule of duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty or custom; to deviate.", "I swerve not from thy commandments.", "They swerve from the strict letter of the law.", "Many who, through the contagion of evil example, swerve exceedingly from the rules of their holy religion--", "3. To bend; to incline.", "4. To climb or move forward by winding or turning.", "The tree was high,", "Yet nimbly up from bough to bough I swerv'd.", "This use of the word coincides with that of swarm, which see."], "swerving": ["SWERV'ING, ppr. Roving; wandering; deviating from any rule or standard; inclining; climbing or moving by winding and turning.", "SWERV'ING, n. The act of wandering; deviation from any rule, law, duty or standard."], "swift": ["SWIFT, a.", "1. Moving a great distance or over a large space in a short time; moving with celerity or velocity; fleet; rapid; quick; speedy. We say, soft winds, a swift stream, swift lightnings, swift motion, swift as thought, a fowl swift of wing, a man swift of foot. Swift is applicable to any kind of motion.", "2. Ready; prompt.", "Let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath. James 1.", "3. Speedy; that comes without delay.", "There shall be false teachers among you, who shall privily bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. 2 Pet.2.", "SWIFT, n. The current of a stream. Little used.", "1. In domestic affairs, a reel or turning instrument for winding yarn. This is a sense directly from the Saxon verb.", "2. A bird, a species of swallow, so called from the rapidity of its flight.", "3. The common newt or eft, a species of lizard."], "swiftness": ["SWIFT'NESS, n. Speed; rapid motion; quickness; celerity; velocity; rapidity. Swiftness is a word of general import, applicable to every kind of motion, and to every thing that moves; as the swiftness of a bird; the swiftness of a stream; swiftness of descent in a falling body; swiftness of thought, &c."], "swifter": ["SWIFT'ER, n. In a ship, a rope used to confine the bars of the capstan in their sockets, while men are turning it; also, a rope used to encircle a boat longitudinally, to strengthen and defend her sides from the impulse of other boats. Swifters also are two shrouds fixed on the starboard and larboard sides of the lower masts, above all the other shrouds, to give the masts additional security.", "SWIFT'ER, v.t. To stretch, as shrouds by tackles."], "swiftly": ["SWIFT'LY, adv. Fleetly; rapidly; with celerity; with quick motion or velocity.", "Pleas'd with the passage, we slide swiftly on."], "swim": ["SWIM, v.i.", "1. To float; to be supported on water or other fluid; not to sink. Most species of wood will swim in water. Any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed.", "2. To move progressively in water by means of the motion of the hands and feet, or of fins. In Paris, boys are taught to swim by instructors appointed for that purpose. Is.25.", "Leap in with me into this angry flood,", "And swim to yonder point.", "3. To float; to be borne along by a current. In all states there are men who will swim with the tide of popular opinion.", "4. To glide along with a smooth motion, or with a waving motion.", "She with pretty and with swimming gait.", "A hov'ring mist came swimming o'er his sight.", "5. To be dizzy or vertiginous; to have a waving motion of the head or a sensation of that kind, or a reeling of the body. The head swims when we walk on high.", "6. To be floated; to be overflowed or drenched; as,the earth swims in rain.", "Sudden the ditches swell, the meadows swim.", "All the night I make my bed to swim; I water my couch with my tears. Ps.6.", "7. To overflow; to abound; to have abundance.", "They now swim in joy.", "SWIM, v.t. To pass or move on; as, to swim a stream. Deer are known to swim rivers and sounds.", "Sometimes he thought to swim the stormy main.", "1. To immerse in water that the lighter parts may swim; as, to swim wheat for seed."], "swimming": ["SWIM'MING, ppr. Floating on a fluid; moving on a fluid; having a waving or reeling motion; overflowing; abounding.", "SWIM'MING, n. The act or art of moving on the water by means of the limbs; a floating.", "1. Dizziness."], "swimmingly": ["SWIM'MINGLY, adv. Smoothly; without obstruction; with great success. Not elegant."], "swine": ["SWINE, n. sing. and plu. A hog, a quadruped of the genus Sus, which furnishes man with a large portion of his most nourishing food. The fat or lard of this animal enters into various dishes in cookery. The swine is a heavy, stupid animal, and delights to wallow in the mire."], "swoon": ["SWOON, v.i. To faint; to sink into a fainting fit, in which there is a suspension of the apparent vital functions and mental powers.", "The most in years swoon'd first away for pain.", "He seemed ready to swoon away in the surprise of joy.", "SWOON, n. A fainting fit; lipothymy; syncope."], "swooning": ["SWOON'ING, ppr. Fainting away.", "SWOON'ING, n. The act of fainting; syncope."], "sword": ["SWORD, n.", "1. An offensive weapon worn at the side, and used by hand either for thrusting or cutting.", "2. Figuratively, destruction by war.", "I will bring a sword upon you. Lev.26. Is.51.", "3. Vengeance or justice.", "She quits the balance, and resigns the sword.", "4. Emblem of authority and power.", "The ruler--beareth not the sword in vain. Rom.13.", "5. War; dissension.", "I came not to send peace, but a sword. Matt.10.", "6. Emblem of triumph and protection.", "The Lord--the sword of thy excellence. Deut.33."], "sworded": ["SWORDED, a. Girded with a sword."], "sworn": ["SWORN, pp. of swear. The officers of government are sworn to a faithful discharge of their duty.", "Sworn friends, is a phrase equivalent to determined, close or firm friends.", "I am sworn brother, sweet,", "To grim necessity.", "Sworn enemies, are determined or irreconcilable enemies."], "sycamine": ["SYCAMINE. See Sycamore."], "synagogue": ["SYNAGOGUE, n. syn'agog. Gr. together, and to drive; properly an assembly.", "1. A congregation or assembly of Jews, met for the purpose of worship or the performance of religious rites.", "2. The house appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews.", "3. The court of the seventy elders among the Jews, called the great synagogue."], "syrian": ["SYR'IAN, a. Pertaining to Syria."], "syrianism": ["SYR'IANISM, n. A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity in the Syrian language."], "tabernacle": ["TAB'ERNACLE, n. L. tabernaculum, a tent, from taberna, a shop or shed, from tabula, a board; or rather from its root. See Table.", "1. A tent. Num.24. Matt.17.", "2. A temporary habitation.", "3. Among the Jews, a movable building, so contrived as to be taken to pieces with ease and reconstructed, for the convenience of being carried during the wanderings of the Israelites in the wilderness. It was of a rectangular figure, thirty cubits long, ten broad, and ten high. The interior was divided into two rooms by a vail or curtain, and it was covered with four different spreads or carpets.", "It is also applied to the temple. Ps.15.", "4. A place of worship; a sacred place.", "5. Our natural body. 2 Cor.5. 2 Pet. 1.", "6. God's gracious presence, or the tokens of it. Rev.21.", "7. An ornamented chest placed on Roman catholic altars as a receptacle of the ciborium and pyxis.", "TAB'ERNACLE, v.i. To dwell; to reside for a time; to be housed; as we say, Christ tabernacled in the flesh."], "table": ["TA'BLE, n. L. tabula.", "1. A flat surface of some extent, or a thing that has a flat surface; as a table of marble.", "2. An article of furniture, consisting usually of a frame with a surface of boards or of marble, supported by legs, and used for a great variety of purposes, as for holding dishes of meat, for writing on, &c.", "The nymph the table spread.", "3. Fare or entertainment of provisions; as, he keeps a good table.", "4. The persons sitting at table or partaking of entertainment.", "I drink to th' general joy of the whole table.", "5. A tablet; a surface on which any thing is written or engraved. The ten commandments were written on two tables of stone. Ex.32.", "Written--not on tables of stone, but on fleshly tables of the heart. 2 Cor. 3.", "6. A picture, or something that exhibits a view of any thing on a flat surface.", "Saint Anthony has a table that hangs up to him from a poor peasant.", "7. Among Christians, the table, or Lord's table, is the sacrament, or holy communion of the Lord's supper.", "8. The altar of burnt-offering. Mal. 1.", "9. In architecture, a smooth, simple member or ornament of various forms, most usually in that of a long square.", "10. In perspective, a plain surface, supposed to be transparent and perpendicular to the horizon. It is called also perspective plane.", "11. In anatomy, a division of the cranium or skull. The cranium is composed of two tables or lamins, with a cellular structure between them, called the meditallium or diploe.", "12. In the glass manufacture, a circular sheet of finished glass, usually about four feet in diameter, each weighing from ten to eleven pounds. Twelve of these are called a side or crate of glass.", "13. In literature, an index; a collection of heads or principal matters contained in a book, with references to the pages where each may be found; as a table of contents.", "14. A synopsis; many particulars brought into one view.", "15. The palm of the hand.", "Mistress of a fairer table", "Hath not history nor fable.", "16. Draughts; small pieces of wood shifted on squares.", "We are in the world like men playing at tables.", "17. In mathematics, tables are systems of numbers calculated to be ready for expediting operations; as a table of logarithms; a multiplication table.", "18. Astronomical tables, are computations of the motions, places and other phenomena of the planets, both primary and secondary.", "19. In chimistry, a list or catalogue of substances or their properties; as a table of known acids; a table of acidifiable bases; a table of binary combinations; a table of specific gravities.", "20. In general, any series of numbers formed on mathematical or other correct principles.", "21. A division of the ten commandments; as the first and second tables. The first table comprehends our more immediate duties to God; the second table our more immediate duties to each other.", "22. Among jewelers, a table diamond or other precious stone, is one whose upper surface is quite flat, and the sides only cut in angles.", "23. A list or catalogue; as a table of stars.", "Raised table, in sculpture, an embossment in a frontispiece for an inscription or other ornament, supposed to be the abacus of Vitruvius.", "Round Table. Knights of the round table, are a military order instituted by Arthur, the first king of the Britons, A.D. 516.", "Twelve Tables, the laws of the Romans, so called probably, because engraved on so many tables.", "To turn the tables, to change the condition or fortune of contending parties; a metaphorical expression taken from the vicissitudes of fortune in gaming.", "To serve tables, to provide for the poor; or to distribute provisions for their wants. Acts.6.", "TA'BLE, v.i. To board; to diet or live at the table of another. Nebuchadnezzar tabled with the beasts.", "TA'BLE, v.t. To form into a table or catalogue; as, to table fines. In England, the chirographer tables the fines of every county, and fixes a copy in some open place of the court.", "1. To board; to supply with food.", "2. To let one piece of timber into another by alternate scores or projections from the middle."], "tabled": ["TA'BLED, pp. Formed into a table."], "tables": ["TA'BLES, n. plu. A board used for backgammon."], "tabling": ["TA'BLING, ppr. Boarding; forming into a table; letting one timber into another by scores.", "TA'BLING, n. A forming into tables; a setting down in order.", "1. The letting of one timber into another by alternate scores or projections, as in ship-building.", "2. In sail-making, a broad hem made on the skirts of sails by turning over the edge of the canvas, and sewing it down."], "tablet": ["TAB'LET, n. A small table or flat surface.", "1. Something flat on which to write, paint, draw or engrave.", "Through all Greece the young gentlemen learned to design on tablets of boxen wood.", "The pillar'd marble, and the tablet brass.", "2. A medicine in a square form. Tablets of arsenic were formerly worn as a preservative against the plague.", "A solid kind of electuary or confection, made of dry ingredients, usually with sugar, and formed into little flat squares; called also lozenge and troche."], "tabor": ["TA'BOR, n. Eng. tap. A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife.", "TA'BOR, v.i. To strike lightly and frequently.", "Her maids shall lead her as with the voice of doves, taboring upon their breasts. Nah.2.", "1. To play on a tabor or little drum."], "taborer": ["TA'BORER, n. One who beats the tabor."], "tabret": ["TAB'RET, n. See Tabor. A tabor. 1 Sam.18."], "tache": ["TACHE, n. See Tack. Something used for taking hold or holding; a catch; a loop; a button. It is found in Scripture, but I believe is not now used in discourse or writing. Ex.26."], "tackle": ["TACK'LE, n.", "1. A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights, consisting of a rope and blocks, called a pulley.", "2. Instruments of action; weapons.", "She to her tackle fell.", "3. An arrow.", "4. The rigging and apparatus of a ship.", "Tackle-fall, the rope, or rather the end of the rope of a pulley, which falls and by which it is pulled.", "Ground-tackle, anchors, cables, &c.", "Gun-tackle, the instruments for hauling cannon in or out.", "Tack-tackle, a small tackle to pull down the tacks of the principal sails.", "TACK'LE, v.t. To harness; as, to tackle a horse into a gig, sleigh, coach or wagon. A legitimate and common use of the word in America.", "1. To seize; to lay hold of; as, a wrestler tackles his antagonist; a dog tackles the game. This is a common popular use of the word in New England, though not elegant. But it retains the primitive idea, to put on, to fall or throw on. See Attack.", "2. To supply with tackle."], "tackled": ["TACK'LED, pp. Harnessed; seized.", "1. Made of ropes tacked together.", "My man shall", "Bring thee cords, made like a tackled stair."], "tackling": ["TACK'LING, ppr. Harnessing; putting on harness; seizing; falling on.", "TACK'LING, n. Furniture of the masts and yards of a ship, as cordage, sails, &c.", "1. Instruments of action; as fishing tackling.", "2. Harness; the instruments of drawing a carriage."], "tail": ["TAIL, n.", "1. The part of an animal which terminates its body behind. In many quadrupeds, the tail is a shoot or projection covered with hair. In fowls, the tail consists of feathers, or is covered with them, which serve to assist in the direction of their flight. In fishes the tail is formed usually by a gradual sloping of the body, ending in a fin. The tail of a fish may assist the animal in steering, but its principal use is to propel the fish forward. It is the instrument of swimming.", "2. The lower part,noting inferiority.", "The Lord will make thee the head, and not the tail. Deut.28.", "3. Any thing hanging long; a catkin.", "4. The hinder part of any thing.", "5. In anatomy, that tendon of a muscle which is fixed to the movable part.", "6. In botany, the tail of a seed, is a downy or feathery appendage to certain seeds, formed of the permanent elongated style.", "7. Horse's tail, among the Tartars and Chinese, is an ensign or flag; among the Turks, a standard borne before the grand visier, bashaws and the sangiacs. For this purpose, it is fitted to a half-pike with a gold button, and is called toug. There are bashaws of one, two and three tails.", "8. In heraldry, the tail of a hart.", "9. In music, the part of a note running upwards or downwards.", "10. The extremity or last end; as the tail of a storm.", "Tail of a comet, a luminous train which extends from the nucleus in a direction opposite to the sun.", "To turn tail, is to run away; to flee.", "Tail of a lock, on a canal, the lower end, or entrance into the lower pond.", "Tail-piece, of a violin, is a piece of ebony attached to the end of the instrument, to which the strings are fastened.", "TAIL, n. In law, an estate in tail is a limited fee; an estate limited to certain heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded. Estates tail are general or special; general, where lands and tenements are given to one, and to the heirs of his body begotten; special, where the gift is restrained to certain heirs of the donee;s body, as to his heirs by a particular woman names. See Entail.", "TAIL, v.t. To pull by the tail."], "tailed": ["TA'ILED, a. Having a tail."], "tailings": ["TA'ILINGS, n. plu. from tail. The lighter parts of grain blown to one end of the heap in winnowing. Local."], "take": ["TAKE, v.t. pret. took; pp. taken. L. doceo. This word seems to be allied to think, for we say, I think a thing to be so, or I take", "it to be so. It seems also to be allied to Sax.teogan, to draw, to tug, L. duco; for we say, to take a likeness, and to draw a likeness. We use taking also for engaging, attracting. We say, a child takes to his mother or nurse, and a man takes to drink; which seem to include attaching and holding. We observe that take and teach are radically the same word.", "1. In a general sense, to get hold or gain possession of a thing in almost any manner, either by receiving it when offered, or by using exertion to obtain it. Take differs from seize, as it does not always imply haste, force or violence. It more generally denotes to gain or receive into possession in a peaceable manner, either passively or by active exertions. Thus,", "2. To receive what is offered.", "Then I took the cup at the Lord's hand. Jer.25.", "3. To lay hold of; to get into one's power for keeping.", "No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge. Deut.24.", "4. To receive with a certain affection of mind. He takes it in good part; or he takes it very ill.", "5. To catch by surprise or artifice; to circumvent.", "Men in their loose unguarded hours they take,", "Not that themselves are wise, but others weak.", "6. To seize; to make prisoner. The troops entered, slew and took three hundred janizaries.", "This man was taken of the Jews. Acts.23.", "7. To captivate with pleasure; to engage the affections; to delight.", "Neither let her take thee with her eyelids. Prov.6.", "Cleombrotus was to taken with this prospect, that he had no patience.", "8. To get into one's power by engines or nets; to entrap; to ensnare; as, to take foxes with traps; to take fishes with nets, or with hook and line.", "9. To understand in a particular sense; to receive as meaning. I take your meaning.", "You take me right.", "Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the sincere love to God and our neighbor.", "10. To exact and receive.", "Take no usury of him or increase. Lev.25.", "11. To employ; to occupy. The prudent man always takes time for deliberation, before he passes judgment.", "12. To agree to; to close in with; to comply with.", "I take thee at thy word.", "13. To form and adopt; as, to take a resolution.", "14. To catch; to embrace; to seize; as, to take one by the hand; to take in the arms.", "15. To admit; to receive as an impression; to suffer; as, to take a form or shape.", "Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command;", "Now take the mold--", "16. To obtain by active exertion; as, to take revenge or satisfaction for an injury.", "17. To receive; to receive into the mind.", "They took knowledge of them that they had been with Jesus. Acts.4.", "It appeared in his face that he took great contentment in this our question.", "18. To swallow, as meat or drink; as, to take food; to take a glass of wine.", "19. To swallow, as medicine; as, to take pills; to take stimulants.", "20. To choose; to elect. Take which you please. But the sense of choosing, in this phrase, is derived from the connection of take with please. So we say, take your choice.", "21. To copy.", "Beauty alone could beauty take so right.", "22. To fasten on; to seize. The frost has taken the corn; the worms have taken the vines.", "Wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him, and he foameth-- Mark 9.", "23. To accept; not to refuse. He offered me a fee, but I would not take it.", "Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer. Num.35.", "24. To adopt.", "I will take you to me for a people. Ex.6.", "25. To admit.", "Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore. 1 Tim 5.", "26. To receive, as any temper or disposition of mind; as, to take shame to one's self; to take delight; to take pride or pleasure.", "27. To endure; to bear without resentment; or to submit to without attempting to obtain satisfaction. He will take an affront from no man. Cannot you take a jest?", "28. To draw; to deduce.", "The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting happiness and misery.", "29. To assume; as, I take the liberty to say.", "30. To allow; to admit; to receive as true, or not disputed; as, to take a thing for granted.", "31. To suppose; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to understand. This I take to be the man's motive.", "He took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in disguise.", "You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl.", "32. To seize; to invade; as, to be taken with a fever.", "33. To have recourse to; as, the sparrow takes a bush; the cat takes a tree. In this sense, we usually say, the bird takes to a bush, the squirrel takes to a tree.", "34. To receive into the mind.", "Those do best, who take material hints to be judged by history.", "35. To hire; to rent; to obtain possession on lease; as, to take a house or farm for a year.", "36. To admit in copulation.", "37. To draw; to copy; to paint a likeness; as a likeness taken by Reynolds.", "38. To conquer and cause to surrender; to gain possession of by force or capitulation; as, to take an army, a city or a ship.", "39. To be discovered or detected. He was taken in the very act.", "40. To require or be necessary. It takes so much cloth to make a coat.", "To take away, to deprive of; to bereave; as a bill for taking away the votes of bishops.", "By your own law I take your life away.", "1. To remove; as, to take away the consciousness of pleasure.", "To take care, to be careful; to be solicitous for.", "Doth God take care for oxen? 1 Cor.9.", "1. To be cautious or vigilant.", "To take care of, to superintend or oversee; to have the charge of keeping or securing.", "To take a course, to resort to; to have recourse to measures.", "The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take for the destroying of sinners.", "To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the measures of one's own choice.", "To take down, to reduce; to bring lower; to depress; as, to take down pride, or the proud.", "1. To swallow; as, to take down a potion.", "2. To pull down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold.", "3. To write; as, to take down a man's words at the time he utters them.", "To take from, to deprive of.", "I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee. 1 Sam.17.", "1. To deduct; to subtract; as, to take one number from another.", "2. To detract; to derogate.", "To take heed, to be careful or cautious.", "Take heed what doom against yourself you give.", "To take heed to, to attend to with care. Take heed to thy ways.", "To take hold, to seize; to fix on.take in, to inclose; to fence.", "1. To encompass or embrace; to comprise; to comprehend.", "2. To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail.", "3. To cheat; to circumvent; to gull. Not elegant.", "4. To admit; to receive; as, a vessel will take in more water. The landlord said he could take in no more lodgers.", "5. To win by conquest. Not in use.", "6. To receive into the mind or understanding.", "Some bright genius can take in a long train of propositions.", "To take in hand, to undertake; to attempt to execute any thing. Luke 1.", "To take notice, to observe; or to observe with particular attention.", "1. To show by some act that observation is made; to make remark upon. He heard what was said, but took no notice of it.", "To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner.", "To take off, to remove, in various ways; to remove from the top of any thing; as, to take off a load; to take off one's hat, &c.", "1. To cut off; as, to take off the head or a limb.", "2. To destroy; as, to take off life.", "3. To remove; to invalidate; as, to take off the force of an argument.", "4. To withdraw; to call or draw away.", "Keep foreign ideas from taking off the mind from its present pursuit.", "5. To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine.", "6. To purchase; to take from in trade.", "The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take off--", "7. To copy.", "Take off all their models in wood.", "8. To imitate; to mimic.", "9. To find place for; as more scholars than preferments can take off.", "To take off from, to lessen; to remove in part. This takes off from the deformity of vice.", "To take order with, to check. Not much used.", "To take out, to remove from within a place; to separate; to deduct.", "1. To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to take out a stain or spot from cloth; to take out an unpleasant taste from wine.", "To take part, to share. Take part in our rejoicing.", "To take part with, to unite with; to join with.", "To take place, to happen; to come, or come to pass.", "1. To have effect; to prevail.", "Where arms take place, all other pleas are vain.", "To have effect; to prevail.", "Where arms take place, all other pleas are vain.", "To take effect, to have the intended effect; to be efficacious.", "To take root, to live and grow; as a plant.", "1. To be established; as principles.", "To take up, to lift; to raise.", "1. To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large amount; to take up money at the bank.", "2. To begin; as, to take up a lamentation. Ezek. 19.", "3. In surgery, to fasten with a ligature.", "4. To engross; to employ; to engage the attention; as, to take up the time.", "5. To have final recourse to.", "Arnobius asserts that men of the finest parts took up their rest in the christian religion.", "6. To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief; to take up vagabonds.", "7. To admit.", "The ancients took up experiments upon credit.", "8. To answer by reproof; to reprimand.", "One of his relations took him up roundly.", "9. To begin where another left off.", "Soon as the evening shades prevail,", "The moon takes up the wondrous tale.", "10. To occupy; to fill; as, to take up a great deal of room.", "11. To assume; to carry on or manage for another; as, to take up the quarrels of our neighbors.", "12. To comprise; to include.", "The noble poem of Palemon and Arcite--takes up seven years.", "13. To adopt; to assume; as, to take up current opinions.", "They take up our old trade of conquering.", "14. To collect; to exact a tax.", "15. To pay and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank.", "To take up arms,", "To take arms, To begin war; to begin resistance by force.", "To take upon, to assume; to undertake. He takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof.", "1. To appropriate to; to admit to be imputed to; as, to take upon one's self a punishment.", "take side, to join one of two differing parties; to take an interest in one party.", "To take to heart, to be sensibly affected by; to feel any thing sensibly.", "To take advantage of, to catch by surprise; or to make use of a favorable state of things to the prejudice of another.", "To take the advantage of, to use any advantage offered.", "To take air, to be divulged or made public; to be disclosed; as a secret.", "To take the air, to expose one's self to the open air.", "To take a course, to begin a certain direction or way of proceeding.", "To take leave, to bid adieu or farewell.", "To take breath, to rest; to be recruited or refreshed.", "To take aim, to direct the eye or a weapon to a particular object.", "To take along, to carry, lead or convey.", "To take a way, to begin a particular course or direction.", "TAKE, v.i. To move or direct the course; to resort to, or to attach one's self; to betake one's self. The fox being hard pressed took to the hedge. My friend has left his music and taken to books.", "The defluxion taking to his breast, wasted his lungs.", "1. To please; to gain reception. The play will not take, unless it is set off with proper scenes.", "Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake,", "And hint he writ it, if the thing should take.", "2. To have the intended or natural effect.", "In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh.", "3. To catch; to fix, or be fixed. He was inoculated, but the infection did not take.", "When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise.", "To take after, to learn to follow; to copy; to imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern.", "1. To resemble; as, the son takes after his father.", "To take in with, to resort to.", "To take for, to mistake; to suppose or think one thing to be another.", "The lord of the land took us for spies. Gen.42.", "take on, to be violently affected; as, the child takes on at a great rate.", "1. To claim, as a character.", "I take not on me here as a physician.", "To take to, to apply to; to be fond of; to become attached to; as, to take to books; to take to evil practices.", "1. To resort to; to betake to.", "Men of learning who take to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of the world.", "To take up, to stop.", "Sinners at last take up and settle in a contempt of all religion. Not in use.", "1. To reform. Not in use.", "To take up with, to be contented to receive; to receive without opposition; as, to take up with plain fare.", "In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future happiness, we should not take up with probabilities.", "1. To lodge; to dwell. Not in use.", "To take with, to please. The proposal takes well with him."], "taking": ["TA'KING, ppr. Receiving; catching; getting possession; apprehending.", "1. a. Alluring; attracting.", "TA'KING, n. The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension.", "1. Agitation; distress of mind.", "What a taking was he in, when your husband asked what was in the basket?"], "taken": ["TAKEN, ta'kn. pp. of take. Received; caught; apprehended; captivated, &c."], "taker": ["TA'KER, n. One that takes or receives; one who catches or apprehends.", "1. One that subdues and causes to surrender; as the taker of captives or of a city."], "tale": ["TALE, n. See Tell. A story; a narrative; the rehearsal of a series of events or adventures, commonly some trifling incidents; or a fictitious narrative; as the tale of a tub. Marmontel's tales; idle tales. Luke 24.", "We spend our years as a tale that is told Ps.90.", "1. Oral relation.", "2. Reckoning; account set down. Ex.5.", "In packing, they keep a just tale of the number.", "3. Number reckoned.", "--The ignorant who measure by tale, not be weight.", "4. A telling; information; disclosure of any thing secret.", "Birds--are aptest by their voice to tell tales what they find.", "In thee are men that carry tales to shed blood. Ezek.22.", "5. In law, a count or declaration. Tale, in this sense, is obsolete.", "6. In commerce, a weight for gold and silver in China and other parts of the E. Indies; also, a money of account. In China, each tale is 10 maces=100 candareens-1000 cash.", "TALE, v.i. To tell stories."], "taleful": ["TA'LEFUL, a. Abounding with stories."], "tales": ["TA'LES, n. L. talis, plu. tales. In law, tales de circumstantibus, spectators in court, from whom the sheriff is to select men to supply any defect of jurors who are impaneled, but who may not appear, or may be challenged."], "talebearer": ["TA'LEBEARER, n. tale and bear. A person who officiously tells tales; one who impertinently communicates intelligence or anecdotes, and makes mischief in society by his officiousness.", "Where there is no talebearer, the strife ceaseth. Prov.26."], "talebearing": ["TA'LEBEARING, a. Officiously communicating information.", "TA'LEBEARING, n. The act of informing officiously; communication of secrets maliciously."], "talent": ["TAL'ENT, n. L. talentum; Gr. to bear, allied to L. tollo. The word is said to have originally signified a balance or scales.", "1. Among the ancients, a weight, and a coin. The true value of the talent cannot well be ascertained, but it is known that it was different among different nations. The Attic Talent, the weight, contained 60 Attic minae, or 6000 Attic drachmae, equal to 56 pounds, eleven ounces, English troy weight. The mina being reckoned equal to f3 4s.7d. sterling, or fourteen dollars and a third nearly, the talent was of the value of f193 15s sterling, about 61 dollars. Other computations make it f225 sterling.", "The Romans had the great talent and the little talent; the great talent is computed to be equal to f99 6s. 8d. sterling, and the little talent to f75 sterling.", "2. Talent, among the Hebrews, was also a gold coin, the same with a shekel of gold; called also stater, and weighing only four drachmas.", "But the Hebrew talent of silver, called cicar, was equivalent to three thousand shekels, or one hundred and thirteen pounds, ten ounces and a fraction, troy weight.", "3. Faculty; natural gift or endowment; a metaphorical application of the word, said to be borrowed from the Scriptural parable of the talents. Matt.25.", "He is chiefly to be considered in his three different talents, as a critic, a satirist, and a writer of odes.", "'Tis not my talent to conceal my thoughts.", "4. Eminent abilities; superior genius; as, he is a man of talents.", "Talent, in the singular, is sometimes used in a like sense.", "5. Particular faculty; skill. He has a talent at drawing.", "6. Sp. talante, manner of performing any thing, will, disposition. Quality; disposition."], "talented": ["TAL'ENTED, a. Furnished with talents; possessing skill or talents."], "talk": ["TALK, v.i. tauk.", "1. To converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts.", "I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you; but I will not eat with you.", "In Aesop's time", "When all things talk'd, and talk'd in rhyme.", "I will come down and talk with thee. Num.11.", "Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way? Luke 24.", "2. To prate; to speak impertinently.", "3. To talk of, to relate; to tell; to give account. Authors talk of the wonderful remains of Palmyra.", "The natural histories of Switzerland talk much of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done.", "So shall I talk of thy wondrous works. Ps.119.", "4. To speak; to reason; to confer.", "Let me talk with thee of thy judgments. Jer.12.", "To talk to, in familiar language, to advise or exhort; or to reprove gently. I will talk to my son respecting his conduct.", "TALK, n. tauk. Familiar converse; mutual discourse; that which is uttered by one person in familiar conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more.", "Should a man full of talk be justified? Job 11.", "In various talk th' instructive hours they past.", "1. Report; rumor.", "I hear a talk up and down of raising money.", "2. Subject of discourse. This noble achievement is the talk of the whole town.", "3. Among the Indians of North America, a public conference, as respecting peace or war, negotiation and the like; or an official verbal communication made from them to another nation or its agents, or made to them by the same.", "TALK, a mineral. See Talck."], "talkative": ["TALKATIVE, a. tauk'ativ. Given to much talking; full of prate; loquacious; garrulous. One of the faults of old age is to be talkative."], "talkativeness": ["TALKATIVENESS, n. tauk'ativness. Loquacity; garrulity; the practice or habit of speaking much in conversation."], "talking": ["TALKING, ppr. tauk'ing. Conversing; speaking in familiar conversation. Matt.17.", "1. a. Given to talking; loquacious; as talking age.", "TALKING, n. tauk'ing. The act of conversing familiarly; as foolish talking. Eph.5."], "talker": ["TALKER, n. tauk'er. One who talks; also, a loquacious person, male or female; a prattler.", "1. A boaster."], "tall": ["TALL, a. Eng. dally; L. tollo.", "1. High in stature; long and comparatively slender; applied to a person, or to a standing tree, mast or pole. Tall always refers to something erect, and of which the diameter is small in proportion to the highth. We say, a tall man or woman, a tall boy for his age; a tall tree, a tall pole, a tall mast; but we never say, a tall house or a tall mountain. The application of the word to a palace or its shadow, in Waller, is now improper.", "Dark shadows cast, and as his palace tall.", "2. Sturdy; lusty; bold. Unusual."], "tallness": ["TALL'NESS, n. Highth of stature. See Tall."], "tame": ["TAME, a.", "1. That has lost its native wildness and shyness; mild; accustomed to man; domestic; as a tame deer; a tame bird.", "2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless.", "And you, tame slaves of the laborious plow.", "3. Spiritless; unanimated; as a tame poem. Not elegant nor in use.", "TAME, v.t. L. domo; Heb. to be silent, dumb.", "1. To reclaim; to reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; as, to tame a wild beast.", "2. To civilize; as, to tame the ferocious inhabitants of the forest.", "3. To subdue; to conquer; to depress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth.", "4. To subdue; to repress; as wildness or licentiousness.", "The tongue can no man tame. James 3."], "tamed": ["TA'MED, pp. Reclaimed from wildness; domesticated; made gentle; subdued."], "tamely": ["TA'MELY, adv. With unresisting submission; meanly; servilely; without manifesting spirit; as, to submit tamely to oppression; to bear reproach tamely."], "tameness": ["TA'MENESS, n. The quality of being tame or gentle; a state of domestication.", "1. Unresisting submission; meanness in bearing insults or injuries; want of spirit."], "taming": ["TA'MING, ppr. Reclaiming from a wild state; civilizing; subduing."], "tanner": ["TAN'NER, n. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan."], "tapestry": ["TAP'ESTRY, n. L. tapes, tapestry. A kind of woven hangings of wool and silk, often enriched with gold and silver, representing figures of men, animals, landscapes, &c."], "tare": ["TARE, n. I know not the origin of this word. See the next word.", "1. A weed that grows among corn.", "Declare to us the parable of the tares of the field. Matt.13.", "2. In agriculture, a plant of the vetch kind, of which there are two sorts, the purple flowered spring or summer tare, and the purple-flowered wild or winter tare. It is much cultivated in England for fodder.", "TARE, n.", "1. In commerce, deficiency in the weight or quantity of goods by reason of the weight of the cask, bag or other thing containing the commodity, and which is weighed with it; hence, the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quantity from the weight or quantity of a commodity sold in a cask, chest, bag or the like, which the seller makes to the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, chest or bag; or the abatement may be on the price of the commodity sold. When the tare is deducted, the remainder is called the net or neat weight.", "TARE, v.t. To ascertain or mark the amount of tare.", "TARE, old pret. of tear. WE now use tore."], "tared": ["TA'RED, pp. Having the tare ascertained and marked."], "taring": ["TA'RING, ppr. Ascertaining or marking the amount of tare."], "target": ["T`ARGET, n.", "1. A shield or buckler of a small kind, used as a defensive weapon in war.", "2. A mark for the artillery to fire at in their practice."], "targeted": ["T`ARGETED, a. Furnished or armed with a target."], "targeteer": ["T`ARGETEE'R, n. One armed with a target."], "tarry": ["TAR'RY, v.i. L. taurus, a bull.", "1. To stay; to abide; to continue; to lodge.", "Tarry all night and wash your feet. Gen.19.", "2. To stay behind. Ex.12.", "3. To stay in expectation; to wait.", "Tarry ye here for us, till we come again to you. Ex.24.", "4. To delay; to put off going or coming; to defer.", "Come down to me, tarry not. Gen.45.", "5. To remain; to stay.", "He that telleth lies, shall not tarry in my sight. Ps.101.", "TAR'RY, v.t. To wait for.", "I cannot tarry dinner. Not in use."], "tarrying": ["TAR'RYING, ppr. Staying; delaying.", "TAR'RYING, n. Delay. Ps.40.", "This word is in respectable use."], "tarsus": ["T`ARSUS, n. That part of the foot to which the leg is articulated, the front of which is called the instep."], "tartan": ["T`ARTAN, n. A small coasting vessel with one mast and a bowsprit, and the principal sail, which is very large, extended by a lateen-yard."], "task": ["T`ASK, n.", "1. Business imposed by another, often a definite quantity or amount of labor. Each man has his task. When he has performed his task, his time is his own. Ex.5.", "2. Business; employment.", "His mental powers were equal to greater tasks.", "3. Burdensome employment.", "To take to task, to reprove; to reprimand; as, to take one to task for idleness.", "T`ASK, v.t.", "1. To impose a task; to assign to one a definite amount of business or labor.", "2. To burden with some employment; to require to perform.", "There task thy maids, and exercise the loom."], "tasked": ["T`ASKED, pp. Required to perform something."], "tasking": ["T`ASKING, ppr. Imposing a task on; requiring to perform."], "taskmaster": ["T`ASKMASTER, n. task and master. One who imposes a task, or burdens with labor. Sinful propensities and appetites are men's most unrelenting taskmasters. They condemn us to unceasing drudgery, and reward us with pain, remorse and poverty. Next to our sinful propensities, fashion is the most oppressive taskmaster.", "1. One whose office is to assign tasks to others. Ex. 1. 3."], "taste": ["TASTE, v.t.", "1. To perceive by means of the tongue; to have a certain sensation in consequence of something applied to the tongue, the organ of taste; as, to taste bread; to taste wine; to taste a sweet or an acid.", "2. To try the relish of by the perception of the organs of taste.", "3. To try by eating a little; or to eat a little.", "Because I tasted a little of this honey. 1 Sam.14.", "4. To essay first.", "5. To have pleasure from.", "6. To experience; to feel; to undergo.", "That he by the grace of God should taste death for every man. Heb.2.", "7. To relish intellectually; to enjoy.", "Thou, Adam, wilt taste no pleasure.", "8. To experience by shedding, as blood.", "When Commodus had once tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse.", "TASTE, v.i. To try by the mouth; to eat or drink; or to eat or drink a little only; as, to taste of each kind of wine.", "1. To have a smack; to excite a particular sensation, by which the quality or flavor is distinguished; as, butter tastes of garlic; apples boiled in a brass-kettle, sometimes taste of brass.", "2. To distinguish intellectually.", "Scholars, when good sense describing,", "Call it tasting and imbibing.", "3. To try the relish of any thing. Taste of the fruits; taste for yourself.", "4. To be tinctured; to have a particular quality or character.", "Ev'ry idle, nice and wanton reason", "Shall, to the king, taste of this action.", "5. To experience; to have perception of.", "The valiant never taste of death but once.", "6. To take to be enjoyed.", "Of nature's bounty men forbore to taste.", "7. To enjoy sparingly.", "For age but tastes of pleasures, youth devours.", "8. To have the experience or enjoyment of.", "They who have tasted of the heavenly gift, and the good word of God. Heb.6.", "TASTE, n. The act of tasting; gustation.", "1. A particular sensation excited in an animal by the application of a substance to the tongue, the proper organ; as the taste of an orange or an apple; a bitter taste; an acid taste; a sweet taste.", "2. The sense by which we perceive the relish of a thing. This sense appears to reside in the tongue or its papillae. Men have a great variety of tastes. In the influenza of 1790, the taste, for some days, was entirely extinguished.", "3. Intellectual relish; as, he had no taste of true glory.", "I have no taste", "Of popular applause.", "Note. In this use, the word is now followed by for. \"He had no taste for glory.\" When followed by of, the sense is ambiguous, or rather it denotes experience, trial.", "4. Judgment; discernment; nice perception, or the power of perceiving and relishing excellence in human performances; the faculty of discerning beauty, order, congruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever constitutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles lettres. Taste is not wholly the gift of nature, nor wholly the effect of art. It depends much on culture. We say, a good taste, or a fine taste.", "5. Style; manner, with respect to what is pleasing; as a poem or music composed in good taste.", "6. Essay; trial; experiment. Not in use.", "7. A small portion given as a specimen.", "8. A bit; a little piece tasted or eaten."], "tasted": ["TASTED, pp. Perceived by the organs of taste; experienced."], "tasteful": ["TASTEFUL, a. Having a high relish; savory; as tasteful herbs.", "1. Having good taste."], "tasting": ["TASTING, ppr. Perceiving by the tongue.", "1. Trying; experiencing; enjoying or suffering.", "TASTING, n. The art of perceiving by the tongue.", "1. The sense by which we perceive of distinguish savors; or the perception of external objects through the instrumentality of the tongue or organs of taste."], "tattler": ["TAT'TLER, n. One who tattles; an idle talker; one that tells tales."], "tau": ["TAU, n. The toad fish of Carolina, a species of Gadus.(G.tau.)", "1. A species of beetle; also, a species of moth, (Phalena;) also, a kind of fly, (Musca.)"], "taught": ["TAUGHT, a. taut. from the root of tight. Stretched; not slack.", "TAUGHT, pret. and pp. of teach. pron. taut. L. doctus.", "Experience taught him wisdom. He has been taught in the school of experience."], "taunt": ["T`AUNT, v.t.", "1. To reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to upbraid.", "When I had at my pleasure taunted her--", "2. To exprobrate; to censure.", "Rail thou in Fulvia's phrase,and taunt my faults.", "T`AUNT, n. Upbraiding words; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting invective.", "With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest."], "taunted": ["T`AUNTED, pp. Upbraided with sarcastic or severe words."], "taunting": ["T`AUNTING, ppr. Treating with severe reflections; upbraiding."], "tauntingly": ["T`AUNTINGLY, adv. With bitter and sarcastic words; insultingly; scoffingly."], "tavern": ["TAV'ERN, n. L. taberna; tab, the root of table, a board.", "A house licensed to see liquors in small quantities, to be drank on the spot. In some of the United States, tavern is synonymous with inn or hotel, and denotes a house for the entertainment of travelers, as well as for the sale of liquors, licensed for that purpose."], "taverning": ["TAV'ERNING, n. A feasting at taverns."], "tax": ["TAX, n. L. taxo, to tax.", "1. A rate or sum of money assessed on the person or property of a citizen by government, for the use of the nation or state. Taxes, in free governments, are usually laid upon the property of citizens according to their income, or the value of their estates. Tax is a term of general import, including almost every species of imposition on persons or property for supplying the public treasury, as tolls, tribute, subsidy, excise, impost, or customs. But more generally, tax is limited to the sum laid upon polls, lands, houses, horses, cattle, professions and occupations. So we speak of a land tax, a window tax, a tax on carriages, &c. Taxes are annual or perpetual.", "2. A sum imposed on the persons and property of citizens to defray the expenses of a corporation, society, parish or company; as a city tax, a county tax, a parish tax, and the like. So a private association may lay a tax on its members for the use of the association.", "3. That which is imposed; a burden. The attention that he gives to public business is a heavy tax on his time.", "4. Charge; censure.", "5. Task.", "TAX, v.t. L. taxo.", "1. To law, impose or assess upon citizens a certain sum of money or amount of property, to be paid to the public treasury, or to the treasury of a corporation or company, to defray the expenses of the government or corporation, &c.", "We are more heavily taxed by our idleness, pride and folly, than we are taxed by government.", "2. To load with a burden or burdens.", "The narrator--never taxes our faith beyond the obvious bounds of probability.", "3. To assess, fix or determine judicially, as the amount of cost on actions in court; as, the court taxes bills of cost.", "4. To charge; to censure; to accuse; usually followed by with; as, to tax a man with pride. He was taxed with presumption.", "Men's virtues I have commended as freely as I have taxed their crimes.", "To tax of a crime, is not in use, nor to tax for. Both are now improper."], "taxed": ["TAX'ED, pp. Rated; assessed; accused."], "taxing": ["TAX'ING, ppr. Imposing a tax; assessing, as a bill of cost; accusing.", "TAX'ING, n. The act of laying a tax; taxation. Luke 2."], "taxation": ["TAXA'TION, n. L. taxatio. A taxing; the act of laying a tax, or of imposing taxes on the subjects of a state by government, or on the members of a corporation or company by the proper authority. Taxation is probably the most difficult subject of legislation.", "1. Tax; sum imposed. Little used.", "He daily such taxations did exact--", "2. Charge; accusation. Little us", "3. The act of taxing or assessing a bill of cost."], "teach": ["TEACH, v.t. pret. and pp. taught. L. doceo; dico, dicto, and both these and the Gr. to show, may be of one family; all implying sending, passing, communicating, or rather leading, drawing.", "1. To instruct; to inform; to communicate to another the knowledge of that of which he was before ignorant.", "He will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths. Is.2.", "Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples. Luke 11.", "2. To deliver any doctrine, art, principles or words for instruction. One sect of ancient philosophers taught the doctrines of stoicism, another those of epicureanism.", "In vain they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men. Matt.15.", "3. To tell; to give intelligence.", "4. To instruct, or to practice the business of an instructor; to use or follow the employment of a preceptor; as, a man teaches school for a livelihood.", "5. To show; to exhibit so as to impress on the mind.", "If some men teach wicked things, it must be that others may practice them.", "6. To accustom; to make familiar.", "They have taught their tongue to speak lies. Jer.9.", "7. To inform or admonish; to give previous notice to.", "For he taught his disciples, and said--Mark 9.", "8. To suggest to the mind.", "For the Holy Spirit shall teach you in that same hour what ye ought to say. Luke 12.", "9. To signify or give notice.", "He teacheth with his fingers. Prov.6.", "10. To counsel and direct. Hab.2.", "TEACH, v.i. To practice giving instruction; to perform the business of a preceptor.", "The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach for hire. Mic.3.", "TEACH, n. In sugar works, the last boiler."], "teaching": ["TE'ACHING, ppr. Instructing; informing.", "TE'ACHING, n. The act or business of instructing.", "1. Instruction."], "teacher": ["TE'ACHER, n. One who teaches or instructs.", "1. An instructor; a preceptor; a tutor; one whose business or occupation is to instruct others.", "2. One who instructs others in religion; a preacher; a minister of the gospel.", "The teachers in all the churches assembled themselves.", "3. One who preaches without regular ordination."], "tear": ["TEAR, n.", "1. Tears are the limpid fluid secreted by the lacrymal gland, and appearing in the eyes, or flowing from them. A tear, in the singular, is a drop or a small quantity of that fluid. Tears are excited by passions, particularly by grief. This fluid is also called forth by any injury done to the eye. It serves to moisten the cornea and preserve its transparency, and to remove any dust or fine substance that enters the eye and gives pain.", "2. Something in the form of a transparent drop of fluid matter.", "TEAR, v.t. L. tero.", "1. To separate by violence or pulling; to rend; to lacerate; as, to tear cloth; to tear a garment, to tear the skin or flesh. We use tear and rip in different senses. To tear is to rend or separate the texture of cloth; to rip is to open a seam, to separate parts sewed together.", "2. To wound; to lacerate.", "The women beat their breasts, their cheeks they tear.", "3. To rend; to break; to form fissures by any violence; as, torrents tear the ground.", "4. To divide by violent measures; to shatter; to rend; as a state or government torn by factions.", "5. To pull with violence; as, to tear the hair.", "6. To remove by violence; to break up.", "Or on rough seas from their foundation torn.", "7. To make a violent rent.", "In the midst, a tearing groan did break", "The name of Antony.", "To tear from, to separate and take away by force; as an isle torn from its possessor.", "The hand of fate", "Has torn thee from me.", "To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip.", "To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the eyes.", "To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence; as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundations of government or order.", "TEAR, v.i. To rave; to rage; to rant; to move and act with turbulent violence; as a mad bull.", "TEAR, n. A rent; a fissure. Little used."], "tearful": ["TE'ARFUL, a. tear and full. Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as tearful eyes."], "tearing": ["TEARING, ppr. from tear, to rend. Rending; pulling apart; lacerating; violent; raging."], "tedious": ["TE'DIOUS, a. L. toedium.", "1. Wearisome; tiresome from continuance, prolixity, or slowness which causes prolixity. We say, a man is tedious in relating a story; a minister is tedious in his sermon. We say also, a discourse is tedious, when it wearies by its length or dullness.", "2. Slow; as a tedious course."], "tediously": ["TE'DIOUSLY, adv. In such a manner as to weary."], "teeth": ["TEETH, plu. of tooth, which see.", "In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front.", "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth.", "TEETH, v.i. from the noun. To breed teeth."], "teething": ["TEE'THING, ppr. Breeding teeth; undergoing dentition.", "TEE'THING, n. The operation or process of the first growth of teeth, or the process by which they make their way through the gums, called dentition."], "tell": ["TELL, v.t. pret. and pp. told. L. telum; L.appello and peal, L. pello.", "1. To utter; to express in words; to communicate to others.", "I will not eat till I have told my errand. Gen.24.", "2. To relate; to narrate; to rehearse particulars; as, to tell a story. Gen.37.", "And not a man appears to tell their fate.", "3. To teach; to inform; to make known; to show by words. Tell us the way.", "Why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife? Gen.12.", "4. To discover; to disclose; to betray.", "They will tell it to the inhabitants of this land. Num.14.", "5. To count; to number.", "Look now towards heaven, and tell the stars. Gen.15.", "6. To relate in confession; to confess or acknowledge.", "Tell me now what thou hast done. Josh.7.", "7. To publish.", "Tell it not in Gath. 2 Sam.1.", "8. To unfold; to interpret; to explain. Ezek.24.", "9. To make excuses.", "Tush, never tell me. Not elegant.", "10. To make known.", "Our feelings tell us how long they ought to have submitted.", "11. To discover; to find; to discern. The colors are so blended that I cannot tell where one ends and the other begins.", "Tell, though equivalent in some respects to speak and say, has not always the same application. We say, to tell this, that or what, to tell a story, to tell a word, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing; but we never say, to tell a speech, discourse or oration, or to tell an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands. Tell me the whole story; tell me all you know, or all that was said. Tell has frequently the sense of narrate; which speak and say have not.", "TELL, v.i. To give an account; to make report.", "--That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. Ps.36.", "To tell of", "To tell on - to inform. You must not disobey; I will tell of you if you do. This is a common popular use of the word. To tell on, is quite vulgar as well as improper."], "temper": ["TEM'PER, v.t. L. tempero, to mix or moderate", "1. To mix so that one part qualifies the other; to bring to a moderate state; as, to temper justice with mercy.", "2. To compound; to form by mixture; to qualify, as by an ingredient; or in general, to mix, unite or combine two or more things so as to reduce the excess of the qualities of either, and bring the whole to the desired consistence or state.", "Thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy. Ex.30.", "3. To unite in due proportion; to render symmetrical; to adjust, as parts to each other.", "God hath tempered the body together. 1 Cor.12.", "4. To accommodate; to modify.", "Thy sustenance serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered itself to every man's liking.", "5. To soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm; to reduce any violence or excess.", "Solon--labored to temper the warlike courages of the Athenians with sweet delights of learning.", "Woman! nature made thee", "To temper man; we had been brutes without you.", "6. To form to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel.", "The temper'd metals clash, and yield a silver sound.", "7. To govern; a Latinism. Not in use.", "8. In music, to modify or amend a false or imperfect concord by transferring to it a part of the beauty of a perfect one, that is, by dividing the tones.", "TEM'PER, n. Due mixture of different qualities; or the state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; as the temper of mortar.", "1. Constitution of body. In this sense we more generally use temperament.", "2. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper. This is applicable to beasts as well as to man.", "Remember with what mild", "And gracious temper he both heard and judg'd.", "3. Calmness of mind; moderation.", "Restore yourselves unto your tempers, fathers.", "To fall with dignity, with temper rise.", "4. Heat of mind or passion; irritation. The boy showed a great deal of temper when I reproved him.", "So we say, a man of violent temper, when we speak of his irritability. This use of the word is common, though a deviation from its original and genuine meaning.", "5. The state of a metal, particularly as to its hardness; as the temper of iron or steel.", "6. Middle course; mean or medium.", "7. In sugar works, white lime or other substance stirred into a clarifier filled with cane-juice, to neutralize the super abundant acid."], "temperance": ["TEM'PERANCE, n. L. temperantia, from tempero.", "1. Moderation; particularly, habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence; as temperance in eating and drinking; temperance in the indulgence of joy or mirth. Temperance in eating and drinking is opposed to gluttony and drunkenness, and in other indulgences, to excess.", "2. Patience; calmness; sedateness; moderation of passion.", "He calm'd his wrath with goodly temperance. Unusual."], "temperate": ["TEM'PERATE, a. L. temperatus. Moderate; not excessive; as temperate heat; a temperate climate; temperate air.", "1. Moderate in the indulgence of the appetites and passions; as temperate in eating and drinking; temperate in pleasures; temperate in speech.", "Be sober and temperate, and you will be healthy.", "2. Cool; calm; not marked with passion; not violent; as a temperate discourse or address; temperate language.", "3. Proceeding from temperance; as temperate sleep.", "4. Free from ardent passion.", "She is not hot, but temperate as the morn.", "Temperate zone, the space on the earth between the tropics and the polar circles, where the heat is less than in the tropics, and the cold less than in the polar circles."], "temperately": ["TEM'PERATELY, adv. Moderately; without excess or extravagance.", "1. Calmly; without violence of passion; as, to reprove one temperately.", "2. With moderate force.", "Winds that temperately blow."], "temperateness": ["TEM'PERATENESS, n. Moderation; freedom from excess; as the temperateness of the weather or of a climate.", "1. Calmness; coolness of mind."], "temperative": ["TEM'PERATIVE, a. Having the power or quality of tempering."], "tempered": ["TEM'PERED, pp. Duly mixed or modified; reduced to a proper state; softened; allayed; hardened.", "1. Adjusted by musical temperament.", "2. a. Disposed; as a well tempered, good tempered, or bad tempered man."], "tempering": ["TEM'PERING, ppr. Mixing and qualifying; qualifying by mixture; softening; mollifying; reducing to a state of moderation; hardening."], "tempest": ["TEM'PEST, n. L. tempestas; tempus, time, season. The primary sense of tempus, time, is a falling, or that which falls, comes or happens, from some verb which signifies to fall or come suddenly, or rather to drive, to rush. Time is properly a coming, a season, that which presents itself, or is present. The sense of tempest, is from the sense of rushing or driving. See Temerity and Temerarious.", "1. An extensive current of wind, rushing with great velocity and violence; a storm of extreme violence. We usually apply the word to a steady wind of long continuance; but we say also of a tornado, it blew a tempest. The currents of wind are named, according to their respective degrees of force or rapidity, a breeze, a gale, a storm, a tempest; but gale is also used as synonymous with storm, and storm with tempest. Gust is usually applied to a sudden blast of short duration. A tempest may or may not be attended with rain, snow or hail.", "We, caught in a fiery tempest,shall be hurl'd", "Each on his rock transfix'd--", "2. A violent tumult or commotion; as a popular or political tempest; the tempest of war.", "3. Perturbation; violent agitation; as a tempest of the", "passions.", "TEM'PEST, v.t. To disturb as by a tempest of the passions. Little used."], "tempestuous": ["TEMPEST'UOUS, a.", "1. Very story; turbulent; rough with wind; as tempestuous weather; a tempestuous night.", "2. Blowing with violence; as a tempestuous wind."], "tempestuously": ["TEMPEST'UOUSLY, adv. With great violence of wind or great commotion; turbulently."], "tempestuousness": ["TEMPEST'UOUSNESS, n. Storminess; the state of being tempestuous or disturbed by violent winds; as the tempestuousness of the winter or of weather."], "temple": ["TEM'PLE, n. L. templum.", "1. A public edifice erected in honor of some deity. Among pagans, a building erected to some pretended deity, and in which the people assembled to worship. Originally, temples were open places, as the Stonehenge in England. In Rome, some of the temples were open, and called sacella; others were roofed, and called oedes. The most celebrated of the ancient pagan temples were that of Belus in Babylon, that of Vulcan at Memphis, that of Jupiter at Thebes, that of Diana at Ephesus, that of Apollo in Miletus,that of Jupiter Olympius in Athens, and that of Apollo at Delphi. The most celebrated and magnificent temple erected to the true God, was that built by Solomon in Jerusalem.", "In Scripture, the tabernacle is sometimes called by this name. 1 Sam. 1-3.", "2. A church; an edifice erected among christians as a place of public worship.", "Can he whose life is a perpetual insult to the authority of God, enter with any pleasure a temple consecrated to devotion and sanctified by prayer?", "3. A place in which the divine presence specially resides; the church as a collective body. Eph.2.", "4. In England,the Temples are two inns of court, thus called because anciently the dwellings of the knights Templars. They are called the Inner and the Middle Temple.", "TEM'PLE, n. L. tempus, tempora. The primary sense of the root of this word is to fall. See Time.", "1. Literally, the fall of the head; the part where the head slopes from the top.", "2. In anatomy, the anterior and lateral part of the head, where the skull is covered by the temporal muscles.", "TEM'PLE, v.t. To build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to. Little used."], "temporal": ["TEM'PORAL, a. L. temporalis, from tempus, time.", "1. Pertaining to this life or this world or the body only; secular; as temporal concerns; temporal affairs. In this sense, it is opposed to spiritual. Let not temporal affairs or employments divert the mind from spiritual concerns, which are far more important.", "In this sense also it is opposed to ecclesiastical; as temporal power, that is, secular, civil or political power; temporal courts, those which take cognizance of civil suits. Temporal jurisdiction is that which regards civil and political affairs.", "2. Measured or limited by time, or by this life or this state of things; having limited existence; opposed to eternal.", "The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal. 2 Cor.4.", "3. In grammar, relating to a tense; as a temporal augment.", "4. Pertaining to the temple or temples of the head; as the temporal bone; a temporal artery or vein; temporal muscle."], "temporally": ["TEM'PORALLY, adv. With respect to time or this life only."], "temporalness": ["TEM'PORALNESS, n. Worldliness. Not used."], "temporals": ["TEM'PORALS, n. Secular possessions; revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tenements, or lay-fees, tithes and the like. It is opposed to spiritualities."], "temporization": ["TEMPORIZA'TION, n. The act of temporizing."], "temporize": ["TEM'PORIZE, v.i. L. tempus, time.", "1. To comply with the time or occasion; to humor or yield to the current of opinion or to circumstances; a conduct that often indicates obsequiousness.", "They might their grievance inwardly complain,", "But outwardly they needs must temporize.", "2. To delay; to procrastinate.", "Well, you till temporize with the hours. Little used.", "3. To comply. Not in use."], "temporizer": ["TEM'PORIZER, n. One who yields to the time, or complies with the prevailing opinions, fashions or occasions; a trimmer."], "temporizing": ["TEM'PORIZING, ppr. Complying with the time, or with the prevailing humors and opinions of men; time-serving."], "tempt": ["TEMPT, v.t. L. tento; teneo; Gr. the primary sense is to strain, urge, press.", "1. To incite or solicit to an evil act; to entice to something wrong by presenting arguments that are plausible or convincing, or by the offer of some pleasure or apparent advantage as the inducement.", "My lady Gray tempts him to this harsh extremity.", "Every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust and enticed. James 1.", "2. To provoke; to incite.", "Tempt not the brave and needy to despair.", "3. To solicit; to draw; without the notion of evil.", "Still his strength conceal'd,", "Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall.", "4. To try; to venture on; to attempt.", "E'er leave be giv'n to tempt the nether skies.", "5. In Scripture, to try; to prove; to put to trial for proof.", "God did tempt Abraham. Gen.22.", "Ye shall not tempt the Lord your God. Deut.6."], "tempted": ["TEMPT'ED, pp. Enticed to evil; provoked; tried."], "tempting": ["TEMPT'ING, ppr. Enticing to evil; trying.", "1. a. Adapted to entice or allure; attractive; as tempting pleasures."], "temptingly": ["TEMPT'INGLY, adv. In a manner to entice to evil; so as to allure."], "temptation": ["TEMPTA'TION, n. The act of tempting; enticement to evil by arguments, by flattery, or by the offer of some real or apparent good.", "When the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a season. Luke 4.", "1. Solicitation of the passions; enticements to evil proceeding from the prospect of pleasure or advantage.", "2. The state of being tempted or enticed to evil. When by human weakness you are led into temptation, resort to prayer for relief.", "3. Trial.", "Lead us not into temptation.", "4. That which is presented to the mind as an inducement to evil.", "Dare to be great without a guilty crown,", "View it, and lay the bright temptation down.", "5. In colloquial language, an allurement to any thing indifferent, or even good."], "tempter": ["TEMPT'ER, n. One that solicits or entices to evil.", "Those who are bent to do wickedly, will never want tempters to urge them on.", "1. The great adversary of man; the devil. Matt.4."], "ten": ["TEN, a. L. decem.", "1. Twice five; nine and one.", "With twice ten sail I cross'd the Phrygian sea.", "2. It is a kind of proverbial number.", "There's a proud modesty in merit,", "Averse to begging, and resolv'd to pay", "Ten times the gift it asks.", "The meaning in this use is, a great deal more, indefinitely."], "tend": ["TEND, v.t. contracted from attend, L. attendo; ad and tendo, to stretch.", "1. To watch; to guard; to accompany as an assistant or protector.", "And flaming ministers to watch and tend", "Their earthly charge--", "There is a pleasure in that simplicity, in beholding princes tending their flocks.", "2. To hold and take care of; as, to tend a child.", "3. To be attentive to.", "Unsuck'd of lamb or kid that tend their play.", "TEND, v.t. L. tendo; teneo.", "1. To move in a certain direction.", "Having overheard two gentlemen tending towards that sight--", "Here Dardanus was born, and hither tends.", "2. To be directed to any end or purpose; to aim at; to have or give a leaning.", "The laws of our religion tend to the universal happiness of mankind.", "3. To contribute. Our petitions, if granted, might tend to our destruction.", "4. for attend. To attend; to wait as attendants or servants.", "He tends upon my father. Colloquial.", "5. To attend as something inseparable. Not in use.", "6. To wait; to expect. Not in use.", "7. To swing round an anchor, as a ship."], "tended": ["TEND'ED, pp. Attended; taken care of; nursed; as an infant, or a sick person."], "tending": ["TEND'ING, ppr. Having a certain direction; taking care of.", "TEND'ING, n. In seaman's language, a swinging round or movement of a ship upon her anchor."], "tender": ["TEND'ER, n. from tend. One that attends or takes care of; a nurse.", "1. A small vessel employed to attend a larger one for supplying her with provisions and other stores, or to convey intelligence and the like.", "2. In law, an offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture which would be incurred by non-payment or non-performance; as the tender of rent due, or of the amount of a note or bond with interest. To constitute a legal tender, such money must be offered as the law prescribes; the offer of bank notes is not a legal tender. So also the tender must be at the time and place where the rent or debt ought to be paid, and it must be to the full amount due.", "There is also a tender of issue in pleadings, a tender of an oath, &c.", "3. Any offer for acceptance. The gentleman made me a tender of his services.", "4. The thing offered. This money is not a legal tender.", "5. Regard; kind concern. Not in use.", "TEND'ER, v.t. L. tendo.", "1. To offer in words; or to exhibit or present for acceptance.", "All conditions, all minds tender down", "Their service to lord Timon.", "2. To hold; to esteem.", "Tender yourself more dearly. Not in use.", "3. To offer in payment or satisfaction of a demand, for saving a penalty or forfeiture; as, to tender the amount of rent or debt."], "tendered": ["TEND'ERED, pp. Offered for acceptance."], "tendering": ["TEND'ERING, ppr. Offering for acceptance."], "tenderness": ["TEN'DERNESS, n. The state of being tender or easily broken, bruised or injured; softness; brittleness; as the tenderness of a thread; the tenderness of flesh.", "1. The state of being easily hurt; soreness; as the tenderness of flesh when bruised or inflamed.", "2. Susceptibility of the softer passions; sensibility.", "Well we know your tenderness of heart.", "3. Kind attention; anxiety for the good of another, or to save him from pain.", "4. Scrupulousness; caution; extreme care or concern not to give or to commit offense; as tenderness of conscience.", "5. Cautious care to preserve or not to injure; as a tenderness of reputation.", "6. Softness of expression; pathos."], "tenon": ["TEN'ON, n. L. teneo, to hold. In building and cabinet work, the end of a piece of timber, which is fitted to a mortise for insertion, or inserted, for fastening two pieces of timber together. The form of a tenon is various, as square, dovetailed, &c."], "tenor": ["TEN'OR, n. L. tenor, from teneo, to hold.", "1. Continued run or currency; whole course or strain. We understand a speaker's intention or views from the tenor of his conversation, that is, from the general course of his ideas, or general purport of his speech.", "Does not the whole tenor of the divine law positively require humility and meekness to all men?", "2. Stamp; character. The conversation was of the same tenor as that of the preceding day.", "This success would look like chance, if it were not perpetual and always of the same tenor.", "3. Sense contained; purport; substance; general course or drift; as close attention to the tenor of the discourse. Warrants are to be executed according to their form and tenor.", "Bid me tear the bond.", "--When it is paid according to the tenor.", "4. In music, the natural pitch of a man's voice in singing; hence, the part of a tune adapted to a man's voice, the second of the four parts, reckoning from the base; and originally the air, to which the other parts were auxiliary.", "5. The persons who sing the tenor, or the instrument that plays it."], "tent": ["TENT, n. L. tentorium, from tendo, to stretch.", "1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of canvas or other coarse cloth, stretched and sustained by poles; used for sheltering persons from the weather, particularly soldiers in camp. The wandering Arabs and Tartars lodge in tents. The Israelites lodged in tents forty years, while they were in the desert.", "2. In surgery, a roll of lint or linen, used to dilate an opening in the flesh, or to prevent the healing of an opening from which matter or other fluid is discharged.", "TENT, n. L. tinctus. A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga in Spain.", "TENT, v.i. To lodge as in a tent; to tabernacle.", "TENT, v.t. To probe; to search as with a tent; as, to tent a wound.", "I'll tent him to the quick.", "1. To keep open with a tent."], "tentative": ["TENT'ATIVE, a. Trying; essaying.", "TENT'ATIVE, n. An essay; trial."], "tented": ["TENT'ED, a. Covered or furnished with tents; as soldiers.", "1. Covered with tents; as a tented field."], "tenth": ["TENTH, a. from ten. The ordinal of ten; the first after the ninth.", "TENTH, n. The tenth part.", "1. Tithe; the tenth part of annual produce or increase. The tenth of income is payable to the clergy in England, as it was to the priests among the Israelites.", "2. In music, the octave of the third; an interval comprehending nine conjoint degrees, or ten sounds, diatonically divided."], "teraphim": ["TER'APHIM, n. Heb. Household deities or images."], "term": ["TERM, n. L. terminus, a limit or boundary.", "1. A limit; a bound or boundary; the extremity of any thing; that which limits its extent.", "Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms or boundaries.", "2. The time for which any thing lasts; any limited time; as the term of five years; the term of life.", "3. In geometry, a point or line that limits. A line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.", "4. In law, the limitation of an estate; or rather the whole time or duration of an estate; as a lease for the term of life, for the term of three lives, for the term of twenty one years.", "5. In law, the time in which a court is held or open for the trial of causes. In England,there are four terms in the year; Hilary term, from January 23d to February 12th; Easter term, from Wednesday, fortnight after Easter, to the Monday next after Ascension day; Trinity term, from Friday next after Trinity Sunday to the Wednesday, fortnight after; and Michaelmas term, from November 6th to the 28th. These terms are observed by the courts of king's bench, the common pleas and exchequer, but not by the parliament, the chancery or by inferior courts. The rest of the year is called vacation. In the United States, the terms to be observed by the tribunals of justice, are prescribed by the statutes of congress and of the several states.", "6. In universities and colleges, the time during which instruction is regularly given to students, who are obliged by the statutes and laws of the institution to attend to the recitations, lectures and other exercises.", "7. In grammar, a word or expression; that which fixes or determines ideas.", "In painting, the greatest beauties cannot be always expressed for want of terms.", "8. In the arts, a word or expression that denotes something peculiar to an art; as a technical term.", "9. In logic, a syllogism consists of three terms, the major, the minor, and the middle. The predicate of the conclusion is called the major term, because it is the most general, and the subject of the conclusion is called the minor term, because it is less general. These are called the extremes; and the third term, introduced as a common measure between them, is called the mean or middle term. Thus in the following syllogism.", "Every vegetable is combustible;", "Every tree is vegetable;", "Therefore every tree is combustible.", "Combustible is the predicate of the conclusion, or the major term; every tree is the minor term; vegetable is the middle term.", "10. In architecture, a kind of statues or columns adorned on the top with the figure of a head, either of a man, woman or satyr. Terms are sometimes used as consoles, and sustain entablatures; and sometimes as statues to adorn gardens.", "11. Among the ancients, terms, termini miliares, were the heads of certain divinities placed on square land-marks of stone, to mark the several stadia on roads. These were dedicated to Mercury, who was supposed to preside over highways.", "12. In algebra, a member of a compound quantity; as a, in a+b; or ab, in ab+cd.", "13. Among physicians, the monthly courses of females are called terms.", "14. In contracts, terms, in the plural, are conditions; propositions stated or promises made, which when assented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties. A engages to build a house for B for a specific sum of money, in a given time; these are his terms. When B promises to give to A that sum for building the house, he has agreed to the terms; the contract is completed and binding upon both parties.", "Terms of proportion, in mathematics, are such numbers, letters or quantities as are compared one with another.", "To make terms, to come to an agreement.", "To come to terms, to agree; to come to an agreement.", "To bring to terms, to reduce to submission or to conditions.", "TERM, v.t. To name; to call; to denominate.", "Men term what is beyond the limits of the universe, imaginary space."], "termed": ["TERM'ED, pp. Called; denominated."], "terming": ["TERM'ING, ppr. Calling; denominating."], "terrace": ["TER'RACE, n. L. terra, the earth.", "1. In gardening, a raised bank of earth with sloping sides, laid with turf, and graveled on the top for a walk.", "2. A balcony or open gallery.", "3. The flat roof of a house. All the buildings of the oriental nations are covered with terraces, where people walk or sleep.", "TER'RACE, v.t. To form in to a terrace.", "1. To open to the air and light."], "terraced": ["TER'RACED, pp. Formed into a terrace; having a terrace."], "terracing": ["TER'RACING, ppr. Forming into a terrace; opening to the air."], "terrestrial": ["TERRES'TRIAL, a. L. terrestris, from terra, the earth.", "1. Pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; as terrestrial animals; bodies terrestrial. 1 Cor.15.", "2. Consisting of earth; as the terrestrial globe.", "3. Pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary. Death puts and end to all terrestrial scenes."], "terrestrially": ["TERRES'TRIALLY, adv. After an earthly manner."], "terrestrious": ["TERRES'TRIOUS, a. Earthy. Little used.", "1. Pertaining to the earth; being or living on the earth; terrestrial."], "terrible": ["TER'RIBLE, a. L. terribilis, from terreo, to frighten.", "1. Frightful; adapted to excite terror; dreadful; formidable.", "Prudent in peace, and terrible in war.", "The form of the image was terrible. Dan.2.", "2. Adapted to impress dread, terror or solemn awe and reverence.", "The Lord thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible. Deut.7.", "Let them praise thy great and terrible name, for it is holy. Ps.99.", "He hath done for thee these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen. Deut.10.", "3. adv. Severely; very; so as to give pain; as terrible cold; a colloquial phrase."], "terribleness": ["TER'RIBLENESS, n. Dreadfulness; formidableness; the quality or state of being terrible; as the terribleness of a sight."], "terribly": ["TER'RIBLY, adv. Dreadfully; in a manner to excite terror or fright.", "When he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. Is.2.", "1. Violently; very greatly.", "The poor man squalled terribly."], "terrified": ["TER'RIFIED, pp. Frightened; affrighted."], "terrify": ["TER'RIFY, v.t. L. terror and facio, to make.", "To frighten; to alarm or shock with fear.", "They were terrified and affrighted. Luke 24.", "When ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified. Luke 21. Job.7."], "terrifying": ["TER'RIFYING, ppr. Frightening; affrighting."], "terror": ["TER'ROR, n. L. terror, from terreo, to frighten.", "1. Extreme fear; violent dread; fright; fear that agitates the body and mind.", "The sword without, and terror within. Deut.32.", "The terrors of God do set themselves in array against me. Job.6.", "2. That which may excite dread; the cause of extreme fear.", "Rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Rom.13.", "Those enormous terrors of the Nile.", "3. In Scripture, the sudden judgments of God are called terrors.Ps.73.", "4. The threatenings of wicked men, or evil apprehended from them. 1 Pet.3.", "5. Awful majesty, calculated to impress fear. 2 Cor.5.", "6. Death is emphatically styled the king of terrors."], "testament": ["TEST'AMENT, n. L. testamentum, from testor, to make a will.", "1. A solemn authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to the disposal of his estate and effects after his death. This is otherwise called a will. A testament,to be valid, must be made when the testator is of sound mind, and it must be subscribed, witnessed and published in such manner as the law prescribes.", "A man in certain cases may make a valid will by words only, and such will is called nuncupative.", "2. The name of each general division of the canonical books of the sacred Scriptures; as the Old Testament; the New Testament. The name is equivalent to covenant, and in our use of it, we apply it to the books which contain the old and new dispensations; that of Moses, and that of Jesus Christ."], "testamentation": ["TESTAMENTA'TION, n. The act or power of giving by will. Little used."], "testate": ["TEST'ATE, a. L. testatus. Having made and left a will; as, a person is said to die testate."], "testation": ["TESTA'TION, n. L. testatio. A witnessing or witness."], "testator": ["TESTA'TOR, n. L. A man who makes and leaves a will or testament at death."], "testified": ["TEST'IFIED, pp. from testify. Given in evidence; witnessed; published; made known."], "testifier": ["TEST'IFIER, n. from testify. One who testifies; one who gives testimony or bears witness to prove any thing."], "testify": ["TEST'IFY, v.i. L. testificor; testis and facio.", "1. To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a knowledge of something not known to them.", "Jesus needed not that any should testify of man, for he knew what was in man. John 2.", "2. In judicial proceedings, to make a solemn declaration under oath, for the purpose of establishing or making proof of some act to a court; to give testimony in a cause depending before a tribunal.", "One witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die. Num.35.", "3. To declare a charge against one.", "O Israel, I will testify against thee. Ps.1.", "4. To protest; to declare against.", "I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. Neh.13.", "TEST'IFY, v.t. To affirm or declare solemnly for the purpose of establishing a fact.", "We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John 3.", "1. In law, to affirm or declare under oath before tribunal, for the purpose of proving some fact.", "2. To bear witness to; to support the truth of by testimony.", "To testify the gospel of the grace of God. Acts.20.", "3. To publish and declare freely.", "Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance towards God and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ. Acts.20."], "testifying": ["TEST'IFYING, ppr. Affirming solemnly or under oath, for the purpose of establishing a fact; giving testimony; bearing witness; declaring."], "testimonial": ["TESTIMO'NIAL, n. L. testimonium. A writing or certificate in favor of one's character or good conduct. Testimonials are required on many occasions. A person must have testimonials of his learning and good conduct, before he can obtain license to preach. Testimonials are to be signed by persons of known respectability of character."], "testimony": ["TEST'IMONY, n. L. testimonium. A solemn declaration or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or proving some fact. Such affirmation in judicial proceedings,may be verbal or written, but must be under oath. Testimony differs from evidence; testimony is the declaration of a witness, and evidence is the effect of that declaration on the mind, or the degree of light which it affords.", "1. Affirmation; declaration. These doctrines are supported by the uniform testimony of the fathers. The belief of past facts must depend on the evidence of human testimony, or the testimony of historians.", "2. Open attestation; profession.", "Thou for the testimony of truth hast borne", "Universal reproach.", "3. Witness; evidence; proof of some fact.", "Shake off the dust under your feet, for a testimony against them. Mark 6.", "4. In Scripture, the two tables of the law.", "Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee. Ex.25.", "5. The book of the law.", "He brought forth the king's son--and gave him the testimony. 2 Kings 11.", "6. The gospel, which testifies of Christ and declares the will of God. 1 Cor. 2. 2 Tim.1.", "7. The ark. Ex.16.", "8. The word of God; the Scriptures.", "The testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple Ps.19.", "9. The laws or precepts of God. \"I love thy testimonies.\" \"I have kept thy testimonies.\"", "10. That which is equivalent to a declaration; manifestation.", "Sacrifices were appointed by God for a testimony of his hatred of sin.", "11. Evidence suggested to the mind; as the testimony of conscience. 2 Cor.1.", "12. Attestation; confirmation.", "TEST'IMONY, v.t. To witness. Not in use."], "tetrarch": ["TE'TRARCH, n. Gr. four, and rule. A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province; a subordinate prince. In time, this word came to denote any petty king or sovereign."], "tetrarchate": ["TETR`ARCHATE, n. The fourth part of a province under a Roman tetrarch; or the office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch."], "tetrarchical": ["TETR`ARCHICAL, a. Pertaining to a tetrarchy."], "than": ["THAN, adv. This word is placed after some comparative adjective or adverb, to express comparison between what precedes and what follows. Thus Elijah said, I am not better than my fathers. Wisdom is better than strength. Israel loved Joseph more than all his children. All nations are counted less than nothing. I who am less than the least of all saints. The last error shall be worse than the first. He that denies the faith is worse than an infidel.", "After more, or an equivalent termination, the following word implies less, or worse; after less, or an equivalent termination, it implies more or better."], "thank": ["THANK, v.t.", "1. To express gratitude for a favor; to make acknowledgments to one for kindness bestowed.", "We are bound to thank God always for you. 2 Thess 1.", "Joab bowed himself and thanked the king. 2 Sam.14.", "2. It is used ironically.", "Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss,", "And thank yourself, if aught should fall amiss.", "THANK"], "thanked": ["THANK'ED, pp. Having received expression of gratitude."], "thankful": ["THANK'FUL, a. Grateful; impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to acknowledge it. The Lord's supper is to be celebrated with a thankful remembrance of his sufferings and death.", "Be thankful to him, and bless his name. Ps.100."], "thankfulness": ["THANK'FULNESS,n. Expression of gratitude; acknowledgment of a favor.", "1. Gratitude; a lively sense of good received.", "The celebration of these holy mysteries being ended, retire with all thankfulness of heart for having been admitted to that heavenly feast."], "thanking": ["THANK'ING, ppr. Expressing gratitude for good received."], "thanks": ["THANKS, n. generally in the plural. Expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment made to express a sense of favor or kindness received. Gratitude is the feeling or sentiment excited by kindness; thanks are the expression of that sentiment. Luke 6.", "Thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory. 1 Cor.15.", "Thanks be to God for his unspeakable gift. 2 Cor.9.", "He took bread and gave thanks to God. Acts.27."], "thanksgive": ["THANKSGIVE, v.t. thanksgiv.' thanks and give.", "To celebrate or distinguish by solemn rites. Not in use."], "thanksgiver": ["THANKSGIV'ER, n. One who gives thanks or acknowledges a kindness."], "thanksgiving": ["THANKSGIV'ING, ppr. Rendering thanks for good received.", "THANKSGIV'ING, n. The act of rendering thanks or expressing gratitude for favors or mercies.", "Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if received with thanksgiving. 1 Tim.4.", "1. A public celebration of divine goodness; also, a day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties. The practice of appointing an annual thanksgiving originated in New England."], "that": ["THAT, an adjective, pronoun or substitute.", "1. That is a word used as a definitive adjective, pointing to a certain person or thing before mentioned, or supposed to be understood. \"Here is that book we have been seeking this hour.\" \"Here goes that man we were talking of.\"", "It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matt.10.", "2. That is used definitively, to designate a specific thing or person emphatically.", "The woman was made whole from that hour. Matt.9.", "In these cases, that is an adjective. In the two first examples,the may be substituted for it. \"Here is the book we have been seeking.\" \"Here goes the man we were talking of.\" But in other cases, the cannot supply its place, and that may be considered as more emphatically definite than the.", "3. That is used as the representative of a noun, either a person or a thing. In this use, it is often a pronoun and a relative. When it refers to persons, it is equivalent to who, and when it refers to a thing, it is equivalent to which. In this use, it represents either the singular number or the plural.", "He that reproveth a scorner, getteth to himself shame. Prov.9.", "They that hate me without a cause, are more than the hairs of my head. Ps.63.", "A judgment that is equal and impartial, must incline to the greater probabilities.", "They shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend. Matt.13.", "4. That is also the representative of a sentence or part of a sentence, and often of a series of sentences. In this case, that is not strictly a pronoun, a word standing for a noun; but is, so to speak, a pro-sentence, the substitute for a sentence, to save the repetition of it.", "And when Moses heard that, he was content. Lev.10.", "That here stands for the whole of what Aaron had said, or the whole of the preceding verse.", "I will know your business,that I will.", "Ye defraud, and that your brethren. 1 Cor.6.", "That sometimes in this use, precedes the sentence or clause to which it refers.", "That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked. Gen.18.", "That here represents the clause in italics.", "5. That sometimes is the substitute for an adjective. You allege that the man is innocent; that he is not.", "6. That, in the following use, has been called a conjunction. \"I heard that the Greeks had defeated the Turks.\" But in this case, that has the same character as in No.4. It is the representative of the part of the sentence which follows, as may be seen by inverting the order of the clauses. \"The Greeks had defeated the Turks; I heard that.\" \"It is not that I love you less.\" That here refers to the latter clause of the sentence, as a kind of demonstrative.", "7. That was formerly used for that which, like what.", "We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John 3. This use is no longer held legitimate.", "8. That is used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction.", "9. When this and that refer to foregoing words, this, like the Latin hie, and French ceci, refers to the latter, and that to the former. It is the same with these and those.", "Self-love and reason to one end aspire,", "Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire,", "But greedy that, its object would devour,", "This taste the honey, and not wound the flow'r.", "10. That sometimes introduces an explanation of something going before. \"Religion consists in living up to those principles; that is, in acting in conformity to them.\" Here that refers to the whole first clause of the sentence.", "11. \"Things are preached, not in that they are taught, but in that they are published.\" Here that refers to the words which follow it.", "So when that begins a sentence, \"That we may fully understand the subject, let us consider the following propositions.\" That denotes purpose, or rather introduces the clause expressing purposes, as will appear by restoring the sentence to its natural order. \"Let us consider the following propositions, that, for the purpose expressed in the following clause, we may fully understand the subject.\" \"Attend that you may receive instruction;\" that referring to the last member.", "In that, a phrase denoting consequence, cause or reason; that referring to the following sentence."], "the": ["THE, an adjective or definitive adjective.", "1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before nouns which are specific or understood; or it is used to limit their signification to a specific thing or things, or to describe them; as the laws of the twelve tables. The independent tribunals of justice in our country, are the security or private rights,and the best bulwark against arbitrary power. The sun is the source of light and heat.", "This he calls the preaching of the cross.", "2. The is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular number, to denote a species by way of distinction; a single thing representing the whole. The fig tree putteth forth her green figs; the almond tree shall flourish; the grasshopper shall be a burden.", "3. In poetry, the sometimes loses the final vowel before another vowel.", "Th' adorning thee with so much art,", "Is but a barb'rous skill.", "4. The is used before adjectives in the comparative and superlative degree. The longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. The most strenuous exertions will be used to emancipate Greece. The most we can do is to submit; the best we can do; the worst that can happen."], "theatre": ["THE'ATRE, n. L. theatrum; Gr. to see.", "1. Among the ancients, an edifice in which spectacles or shows were exhibited for the amusement of spectators.", "2. In modern times, a house for the exhibition of dramatic performances, as tragedies, comedies and farces; a play-house; comprehending the stage, the pit, the boxes, galleries and orchester.", "3. Among the Italians, an assemblage of buildings, which by a happy disposition and elevation, represents an agreeable scene to the eye.", "4. A place rising by steps or gradations like the seats of a theater.", "Shade above shade, a woody theater", "Of stateliest view--", "5. A place of action or exhibition; as the theater of the world.", "6. A building for the exhibition of scholastic exercises, as at Oxford, or for other exhibitions.", "Anatomical theater, a hall with several rows of seats, disposed in the manner of an amphitheater, and a table turning on a pivot in the middle, for anatomical demonstrations."], "thee": ["THEE, pron. obj. case of thou.", "THEE, v.i. To thrive; to prosper."], "theft": ["THEFT, n. The act of stealing. In law, the private, unlawful, felonious taking of another person's goods or movables, with an intent to steal them. To constitute theft, the taking must be in private or without the owner's knowledge, and it must be unlawful or felonious, that is, it must be with a design to deprive the owner of his property privately and against his will. Theft differs from robbery, as the latter is a violent taking from the person, and of course not private.", "1. The thing stolen. Ex.22."], "their": ["THEIR, a pronom.", "1. Their has the sense of a pronominal adjective, denoting of them, or the possession of two or more; as their voices; their garments; their houses; their land; their country.", "2. Theirs is used as a substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it refers, and in this case, it may be the nominative to a verb. \"Our land is the most extensive, but theirs is the best cultivated.\" Here theirs stands as the representative of their land, and is the nominative to is.", "Nothing but the name of zeal appears", "'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs.", "In this use, theirs is not in the possessive case, for then there would be a double possessive."], "them": ["THEM, pron. the objective case of they, and of both genders. In our mother tongue, them is an adjective, answering to the, in the dative and ablative cases of both numbers. The common people continue to use it in the plural number as an adjective, for they say, bring them horses, or them horses are to be led to water.", "Go ye to them that sell, and buy for yourselves. Matt.25.", "Then shall the king say to them on his right hand, come, ye blessed of my Father-- Matt.25."], "themselves": ["THEMSELVES, a compound of them and selves, and added to they by way of emphasis or pointed distinction. Thus we say, they themselves have done the mischief; they cannot blame others. In this case, themselves is in the nominative case, and maybe considered as an emphatical pronoun.", "In some cases, themselves is used without they, and strands as the only nominative to the following verb. Themselves have done the mischief.", "This word is used also in the objective case after a verb or preposition. Things in themselves innocent, may under certain circumstances cease to be so.", "They open to themselves at length the way."], "then": ["THEN, adv.", "1. At that time, referring to a time specified, either past or future.", "And the Canaanite was then in the land. Gen.12.", "That is, when Abram migrated and came into Canaan.", "Now I know in part, but then shall I know even as I am known. 1 Cor.12.", "2. Afterward; soon afterward or immediately.", "First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. Matt.5.", "3. In that case; in consequence. Gal.3. Job.3.", "If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom.", "4. Therefore; for this reason.", "Now then be all thy weighty cares away.", "5. At another time; as now and then, at one time and another.", "6. That time.", "Till then we knew", "The force of those dire arms?"], "thence": ["THENCE, adv. thens.", "1. From that place.", "When you depart thence,shake off the dust of your feet. Mark 6.", "It is more usual, though not necessary, to use from before thence.", "Then will I send and fetch thee from thence. Gen.27.", "2. From that time.", "There shall be no more thence an infant of days. Is.65.", "3. For that reason.", "Not to sit idle with so great a gift", "Useless, and thence ridiculous, about him."], "thenceforth": ["THENCEFORTH, adv. thens'forth. thence and forth. From that time.", "If the salt hath lost its savor, it is thenceforth good for nothing. Matt 5.", "This is also preceded by from, though not from any necessity.", "And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him. John 19."], "there": ["THERE, adv.", "1. In that place.", "The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed. Gen.2.", "2. It is sometimes opposed to here; there denoting the place most distant.", "Darkness there might well seem twilight here.", "3. Here and there, in one place and another; as here a little and there a little.", "4. It is sometimes used by way of exclamation; calling the attention to something distant; as there, there; see there; look there.", "5. There is used to begin sentences or before a verb; sometimes pertinently, and sometimes without signification; but its use is to firmly established that it cannot be dispensed with.", "Wherever there is sense or perception, there some idea is actually produced.", "There have been that have delivered themselves from their ills by their good fortune or virtue.", "And there came a voice from heaven, saying, thou art my beloved Son. Mark 1.", "6. In composition, there has the sense of a pronoun, as in Saxon; as thereby, which signifies by that."], "thereabouts": ["THEREABOUTS', adv. there and about. The latter is less proper, but most commonly used.", "1. Near that place.", "2. Nearly; near that number, degree or quantity; as ten men or thereabouts.", "3. Concerning that. Not much used. Luke 24."], "thereat": ["THEREAT', adv. there and at. At that place.", "Wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there are who go in thereat. Matt 7.", "1. At that; at that thing or event; on that account.", "Every error is a stain to the beauty of nature; for which cause it blusheth thereat."], "thereby": ["THEREBY', adv. there and by. By that; by that means; in consequence of that.", "Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace; thereby good shall come to thee. Job 22."], "therefor": ["THEREFOR', adv. there and for. For that or this, or it."], "therefore": ["THEREFORE, adv. ther'fore. there and for.", "1. For that; for that or this reason, referring to something previously stated.", "I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come.", "Luke 14.", "2. Consequently.", "He blushes; therefore he is guilty.", "3. In return or recompense for this or that.", "What shall we have therefore? Matt. 19."], "therefrom": ["THEREFROM', adv. there and from. From this or that.", "--Turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left. Josh. 23."], "therein": ["THEREIN', adv. there and in. In that or this place, time or thing.", "Bring forth abundantly in the earth and multiply therein. Gen.9.", "Ye shall keep the sabbath--whosoever doeth any work therein--that soul shall be cut off. Ex.31.", "Therein our letters do not well agree."], "thereinto": ["THEREINTO', adv. there and into. Into that."], "thereof": ["THEREOF',adv. there and of. Of that or this.", "In the day thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Gen.2."], "thereon": ["THEREON', adv. there and on. On that or this.", "Then the king said, hang him thereon. Esth.7."], "thereout": ["THEREOUT', adv. there and out. Out of that or this. Lev.2."], "thereunto": ["THEREUNTO', adv. there and to or unto. To that or this.", "Add the fifth part thereto. Lev.5."], "thereupon": ["THEREUPON', adv. there and upon. Upon that or this.", "The remnant of the house of Judah, they shall feed thereupon. Zeph.2.", "1. In consequence of that.", "He hopes to find you forward,", "And thereupon he sends you this good news.", "2. Immediately."], "therewith": ["THEREWITH', adv. there and with. With that or this.", "I have learned in whatever state I am, therewith to be content. Phil.4."], "therewithal": ["THEREWITHAL', adv. there and withal.", "1. Over and above.", "2. At the same time.", "3. With that. This word is obsolete.", "The foregoing compounds of there with the prepositions, are for the most part deemed inelegant and obsolete. Some of them however are in good use, and particularly in the law style."], "these": ["THESE, pron. plu. of this. pronounced theez, and used as an adjective or substitute. These is opposed to those, as this is to that, and when two persons or things or collections of things are named, these refers to the things or persons which are nearest in place or order, or which are last mentioned.", "Some place the bliss in action, some in ease;", "Those call it pleasure, and contentment these", "Here these is a substitute for these persons, and for the persons last mentioned, who place their bliss in ease."], "they": ["THEY, pron. plu.; objective case, them.", "1. The men, the women, the animals, the things. It is never used adjectively, but always as a pronoun referring to persons, or as a substitute referring to things.", "They and their fathers have transgressed against me. Ezek.2.", "They of Italy salute you. Heb.13.", "Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after righteousness. Matt.5.", "2. It is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used man, and as the French use on. They say, on dit, that is, it is said by persons, indefinitely."], "thick": ["THICK, a.", "1. Dense; not thin; as thick vapors; a thick fog.", "2. Inspissated; as, the paint is too thick.", "3. Turbid; muddy; feculent; not clear; as, the water of a river is thick after a rain.", "4. Noting the diameter of a body; as a piece of timber seven inches thick.", "My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. 1 Kings 12.", "5. Having more depth or extent from one surface to its opposite than usual; as a thick plank; thick cloth; thick paper.", "6. Close; crowded with trees or other objects; as a thick forest or wood; thick grass; thick corn.", "The people were gathered thick together.", "7. Frequent; following each other in quick succession. The shot flew thick as hail.", "Favors came thick upon him.", "Not thicker billows beat the Libyan main.", "8. Set with things close to each other; not easily pervious.", "Black was the forest, thick with beech it stood.", "9. Not having due distinction of syllables or good articulation; as a thick utterance.", "He speaks too thick.", "10. Dull; somewhat deaf; as thick of hearing.", "THICK, n. The thickest part, or the time when anything is thickest.", "In the thick of the dust and smoke he presently entered his men.", "1. A thicket. Not in use.", "Thick and thin, whatever is in the way.", "Through thick and thin she follow'd him.", "THICK, adv. Frequently; fast.", "I hear the trampling of thick beating feet.", "1. Closely; as a plat of ground thick sown.", "2. To a great depth, or to a thicker depth than usual; as a bed covered thick with tan; land covered thick with manure.and threefold, in quick succession, or in great numbers. Not in use.", "THICK, v.i. To become thick or dense. Not used."], "thickness": ["THICK'NESS, n. The state of being thick; denseness; density; as the thickness of fog, vapor or clouds.", "1. The state of being concrete or inspissated; consistence; spissitude; as the thickness of paint or mortar; the thickness of honey; the thickness of the blood.", "2. The extent of a body from side to side, or from surface to surface; as the thickness of a tree; the thickness of a board; the thickness of the hand; the thickness of a layer of earth.", "3. Closeness of the parts; the state of being crowded or near; as the thickness of trees in a forest; the thickness of a wood.", "4. The state of being close, dense or impervious; as the thickness of shades.", "5. Dullness of the sense of hearing; want of quickness or acuteness; as thickness of hearing."], "thicket": ["THICK'ET, n. A wood or collection of trees or shrubs closely set; as a ram caught in a thicket. Gen.22."], "thief": ["THIEF, n. plu. thieves.", "1. One who secretly, unlawfully and feloniously takes the goods or personal property of another. The thief takes the property of another privately; the robber by open force.", "2. One who takes the property of another wrongfully, either secretly or by violence. Job.30.", "3. One who seduces by false doctrine. John 10.", "4. One who makes it his business to cheat and defraud; as a den of thieves. Matt. 21.", "5. An excrescence in the snuff of a candle."], "thieve": ["THIEVE, v.i. from thief. To steal; to practice theft."], "thigh": ["THIGH, n. That part of men, quadrupeds and fowls, which is between the leg and the trunk.", "As the word signifies, it is the thick part of the lower limbs."], "thin": ["THIN, a. L. tenuis; Gr. narrow.", "1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to the opposite; as a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering.", "2. Rare; not dense; applied to fluids or to soft mixtures; as thin blood; thin milk; thin air.", "In the day, when the air is more thin.", "3. Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the individuals that compose the thing in a close or compact state; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin. A thin audience in church is not uncommon. Important legislative business should not be transacted in a thin house.", "4. Not full or well grown.", "Seven thin ears. Gen.41.", "5. Slim; small; slender; lean. A person becomes thin by disease. Some animals are naturally thin.", "6. Exile; small; fine; not full.", "Thin hollow sounds, and lamentable screams.", "7. Not thick or close; of a loose texture; not impervious to the sight; as a thin vail.", "8. Not crowded or well stocked; not abounding.", "Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people.", "9. Slight; not sufficient for a covering; as a thin disguise.", "THIN, adv. Not thickly or closely; in a scattered state; as seed sown thin.", "Spain is thin sown as people.", "THIN, v.t. L. tenuo. See Attenuate.", "1. To make thin; to make rare or less thick; to attenuate; as, to thin the blood.", "2. To make less close, crowded or numerous; as, to thin the ranks of an enemy; to thin the trees or shrubs of a thicket.", "3. To attenuate; to rarefy; to make less dense; as, to thin the air; to thin the vapors."], "thinness": ["THIN'NESS, n. The state of being thin; smallness of extent from one side or surface to the opposite; as the thinness of ice; the thinness of a plate; the thinness of the skin.", "1. Tenuity; rareness; as the thinness of air or other fluid.", "2. A state approaching to fluidity, or even fluidity; opposed to spissitude; as the thinness of honey, of white wash or of paint.", "3. Exility; as the thinness of a point.", "4. Rareness; a scattered state; paucity; as the thinness of trees in a forest; the thinness of inhabitants."], "thine": ["THINE, pronominal adj. Thy; belonging to thee; relating to thee; being the property of thee. It was formerly used for thy, before a vowel.", "Then thou mightest eat grapes thy fill, at thine own pleasure. Deut.32.", "But in common usage, thy is now used before a vowel in all cases.", "The principal use of thine now is when a verb is interposed between this word and the noun to which it refers. I will not take any thing that is thine. Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory.", "In the following passage, thine is used as a substitute for thy righteousness.", "I will make mention of thy righteousness, even of thine only. Ps.71.", "In some cases, it is preceded by the sign of the possessive case, like nouns, and is then also to be considered as a substitute.", "If any of thine be driven out to the utmost parts of heaven-- Deut.30.", "It is to be observed that thine, like thou, is used only in the solemn style. In familiar and common language, your and yours are always used in the singular number as well as the plural."], "thing": ["THING, n. The primary sense of thing is that which comes, falls or happens, like event, from L. evenio.", "1. An event or action; that which happens or falls out, or that which is done, told or proposed. This is the general signification of the word in the Scriptures; as after these things, that is, events.", "And the thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight, because of his son. Gen.21.", "Then Laban and Bethuel answered and said, the thing proceedeth from the Lord. Gen.24.", "And Jacob said, all these things are against me. Gen.42.", "I will tell you by what authority I do these things. Matt.21.", "These things said Esaias when he saw his glory. John 12.", "In learning French, choose such books as will teach you things as well as language.", "2. Any substance; that which is created; any particular article or commodity.", "He sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt-- Gen.42.", "They took the things which Micah had made. Judges 18.", "3. An animal; as every living thing; every creeping thing. Gen.1.", "This application of the word is improper, but common in popular and vulgar language.", "4. A portion or part; something.", "Wicked men who understand any thing of wisdom--", "5. In contempt.", "I have a thing in prose.", "6. Used of persons in contempt.", "See, sons, what things you are,", "The poor thing sigh'd.", "I'll be this abject thing no more.", "7. Used in a sense of honor.", "I see thee here,", "Thou noble thing!"], "think": ["THINK, v.i. pret. and pp. thought, pron. thaut. L. duco.", "1. To have the mind occupied on some subject; to have ideas, or to revolve ideas in the mind.", "--For that I am", "I know, because I think.", "These are not matters to be slightly thought on.", "2. To judge; to conclude; to hold as a settled opinion. I think it will rain tomorrow. I think it not best to proceed on our journey.", "Let them marry to whom they think best. Num.36.", "3. To intend.", "Thou thought'st to help me.", "I thought to promote thee to great honor. Num.24.", "4. To imagine; to suppose; to fancy.", "Edmund, I think, is gone", "In pity of his misery, to dispatch", "His 'nighted life.", "Let him that thinketh he standeth, take heed lest he fall. 1 cor.10.", "5. To muse; to meditate.", "While Peter thought on the vision--Acts 10.", "Think much, speak little.", "6. To reflect; to recollect or call to mind.", "And when Peter thought thereon, he wept. Mark 14.", "7. To consider; to deliberate. Think how this thing could happen.", "He thought within himself, saying, what shall I do?", "Luke 12.", "8. To presume.", "Think not to say within yourselves,we have Abraham to our father-- Matt.3.", "9. To believe; to esteem.", "To think on or upon, to muse on; to meditate on.", "If there by any virtue,and if there by any praise, think on these things. Phil.4.", "1. To light on by meditation. He has just thought on an expedient that will answer the purpose.", "2. To remember with favor.", "Think upon me, my God, for good. Neh.5.", "To think of, to have ideas come into the mind. He thought of what you told him. I would have sent the books, but I did not think of it.", "To think well of, to hold in esteem; to esteem.", "THINK, v.t. To conceive; to imagine.", "Charity--thinketh no evil. 1 Cor.13.", "1. To believe; to consider; to esteem.", "Nor think superfluous others' aid.", "2. To seem or appear, as in the phrases, me thinketh or methinks, and methought. These are genuine Saxon phrases, equivalent to it seems to me, it seemed to me. In these expressions, me is actually in the dative case; almost the only instance remaining in the language. Sax \"genoh thuht,\" satis visum est, it appeared enough or sufficient; \"me thineth,\" mihi videtur, it seems to me; I perceive.", "To think much, to grudge.", "He thought not much to clothe his enemies.", "To think much of, to hold in high esteem.", "To think scorn, to disdain. Esth. 3."], "thinking": ["THINK'ING, ppr. Having ideas; supposing; judging; imagining; intending; meditating.", "1. a. Having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular train of ideas.", "Man is a thinking being.", "THINK'ING, n. Imagination; cogitation; judgment.", "I heard a bird so sing,", "Whose music, to my thinking, pleas'd the king."], "third": ["THIRD, a. thurd. L. tertius. The first after the second; the ordinal of three. The third hour in the day among the ancients, was nine o'clock in the morning.", "Third estate, in the British nation, is the commons; or in the legislature, the house of commons.", "Third order, among the Catholics,is a sort of religious order that observes the same rule and the same manner of life in proportion as some other two orders previously instituted; as the third order of Franciscans, instituted by St. Francis in 1221.", "Third point or tierce point, in architecture,the point of section in the vertex of an equilateral triangle.", "Third rate, in navies. A third rate ship carries from 64 to 80 guns.", "Third sound, in music. See the noun Third.", "THIRD, n. thurd. The third part of any thing. A man takes land and tills it for one third of the produce; the owner taking two thirds.", "1. The sixtieth part of a second of time.", "2. In music, an interval containing three diatonic sounds; the major composed to two tones, called by the Greeks ditone, and the minor called hemiditone, consisting of a tone and a half."], "thirdings": ["THIRD'INGS, n. The third year of the corn or grain growing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to the lord for a heriot, within the manor of Turfat in Herefordshire."], "thirds": ["THIRDS, n. plu. The third part of the estate of a deceased husband, which by law the widow is entitled to enjoy during her life."], "thirdly": ["THIRD'LY, adv. In the third place."], "thirst": ["THIRST, n. thurst. L. torreo.", "1. A painful sensation of the throat or fauces, occasioned by the want of drink.", "Wherefore is it that thou hast brought us out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst? Ex.17.", "2. A vehement desire of drink. Ps.104.", "3. A want and eager desire after any thing.", "Thirst of worldly good.", "Thirst of knowledge.", "Thirst of praise.", "Thirst after happiness.", "But for is now more generally used after thirst; as a thirst for worldly honors; a thirst for praise.", "4. Dryness; drouth.", "The rapid current, through veins", "Of porous earth with kindly thirst updrawn,", "Rose a fresh fountain--", "THIRST, v.i. thurst.", "1. To experience a painful sensation of the throat or fauces for want of drink.", "The people thirsted there for water. Ex.17.", "2. To have a vehement desire for any thing.", "My soul thirsteth for the living God. Ps.42.", "THIRST,v.t. To want to drink; as, to thirst blood. Not English."], "thirsting": ["THIRST'ING, ppr. Feeling pain for want of drink; having eager desire."], "thirstiness": ["THIRST'INESS, n. form thirsty.", "The state of being thirsty; thirst."], "thirsty": ["THIRST'Y, a. from thirst. Feeling a painful sensation of the throat or fauces for want of drink.", "Give me a little water, for I am thirsty. Judges 4.", "I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink. Matt.25.", "1. Very dry; having no moisture; parched.", "The thirsty land shall become springs of water. Is.35.", "2. Having a vehement desire of any thing; as in blood-thirsty. Is.44. 65."], "thirteen": ["THIRTEEN, a. thur'teen. Ten and three; as thirteen times."], "thirteenth": ["THIRTEENTH, a. thur'teenth. supra. The third after the tenth; the ordinal of thirteen; as the thirteenth day of the month.", "THIRTEENTH, n. thur'teenth. In music, an interval forming the octave of the sixth, or sixth of the octave."], "thirtieth": ["THIRTIETH, a. thur'tieth. from thirty. The tenth threefold; the ordinal of thirty; as the thirtieth day of the month."], "thirty": ["THIRTY, a. thur'ty. Thrice ten; ten three times repeated; or twenty and ten. The month of June consists of thirty days. Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh."], "this": ["THIS, definitive adjective or substitute. plu. these.", "1. This is a definitive, or definitive adjective, denoting something that is present or near in place or time, or something just mentioned. Is this your younger brother? What trespass is this which ye have committed?", "Who did sin, this man or his parents, that he was born blind? John 9.", "When they heard this, they were pricked to the heart. Acts 2.", "In the latter passage, this is a substitute for what had preceded, vix. the discourse of Peter just delivered. In like manner, this often represents a word, a sentence or clause, or a series of sentences of events.", "In some cases, it refers to what is future, or to be immediately related.", "But know this, that if the good man of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken up. Matt.24.", "Here this refers to the whole subsequent member of the sentence.", "2. By this, is used elliptically for by this time; as, by this the mail has arrived.", "3. This is used with words denoting time past; as, I have taken no snuff for this month; and often with plural words. I have not wept this forty years.", "In this case, this, in the singular, refers to the whole term of time, or period; this period of forty years.", "4. This is opposed to that.", "This way and that the wav'ring sails they bend.", "A body of this or that denomination is produced.", "This and that, in this use, denote difference indefinitely.", "5. When this and that refer to different things before expressed, this refers to the thing last mentioned, and that to the thing first mentioned. See These.", "Their judgment in this we may not, and in that we need not, follow.", "6. It is sometimes opposed to other.", "Consider the arguments which the author had to write this, or to design the other, before you arraign him."], "thistle": ["THISTLE, n. this'l. The common name of numerous prickly plants of the class Syngenesia, and several genera; as the common corn thistle, or Canada thistle, of the genus Serratula or Cnicus; the spear thistle of the genus Cnicus; the milk thistle of the genus Carduus; the blessed thistle of the genus Centaurea; the globe thistle of the genus Echinops; the cotton thistle of the genus Onopordon; and the sow thistle of the genus Sonchus. The name is also given to other prickly plants not of the class Syngenesia; as the fuller's thistle or teasel of the genus Dipsacus, and the melon thistle and torch thistle of the genus Cactus.", "One species of thistle, (Cnicus arvensis,) grows in fields among grain, and is extremely troublesome to farmers. It is called in America the Canada thistle, as it first appeared in Canada, where it was probably introduced from France, as it abounds in Normandy, and also in England. A larger species in America (Cnicus lanceolatus,) is indigenous, but it spreads slowly and gives no trouble.", "Thorns also and thistles shall it bring froth to thee. Gen.3."], "thither": ["THITH'ER, adv. To that place; opposed to hither.", "This city is near, O let me escape thither. Gen.19.", "Where I am, thither ye cannot come. John 7.", "1. To that end or point.", "Hither and thither, to this place and to that; one way and another."], "thitherward": ["THITH'ERWARD, adv. thither and ward. Toward that place.", "They shall ask the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward. Jer. 1."], "thong": ["THONG, n. A strap of leather, used for fastening any thing.", "And nails for loosen'd spears, and thongs for shields provide."], "thorn": ["THORN, n.", "1. A tree or shrub armed with spines or sharp ligneous shoots; as the black thorn; white thorn, &c. The word is sometimes applied to a bush with prickles; as a rose on a thorn.", "2. A sharp ligneous or woody shoot from the stem of a tree or shrub; a sharp process from the woody part of a plant; a spine. Thorn differs from prickle; the latter being applied to the sharp points issuing from the bark of a plant and not attached to the wood, as in the rose and bramble. But in common usage, thorn is applied to the prickle of the rose, and in fact the two words are used promiscuously.", "3. Any thing troublesome. St. Paul had a thorn in the flesh. 2 Cor.12. Num.33.", "4. In Scripture, great difficulties and impediments.", "I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos.2.", "5. Worldly cares; things which prevent the growth of good principles. Matt.13."], "thoroughly": ["THOROUGHLY, adv. thur'roly. Fully; entirely; completely; as a room thoroughly swept; a business thoroughly performed. Let the matter be thoroughly sifted. Let every part of the work be thoroughly finished."], "those": ["THOSE, pron. s as z. plu. of that; as those men; those temples. When those and these are used in reference to two things or collections of things, those refers to the first mentioned,as these does to the last mentioned. See These, and the example there given."], "thou": ["THOU, pron. in the obj. thee. The second personal pronoun, in the singular number; the pronoun which is used in addressing persons in the solemn style.", "Art thou he that should come? Matt.11.", "I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Ps.23.", "Thou is used only in the solemn style, unless in very familiar language, and by the Quakers.", "THOU, v.t. To treat with familiarity.", "If thou thouest him some thrice, it shall not be amiss.", "THOU, v.i. To use thou and thee in discourse."], "though": ["THOUGH, v.i. tho.", "1. Grant; admit; allow. \"If thy brother be waxen poor--thou shalt relieve him; yea, though he be a stranger.\" Grant or admit the fact that he is stranger, yet thou shalt relieve him. Lev.25.", "Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Job.13.", "That is, grant or admit that he shall slay me, yet will I trust in him.", "Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished. Prov.11.", "That is, admit the fact that the wicked unite their strength, yet this will not save them from punishment.", "Not that I so affirm, though so it seem.", "That is, grant that it seems so, yet I do not so affirm.", "2. Used with as.", "In the vine were three branches, and it was as though it budded. Gen.40.", "So we use as if; it was as if it budded; and if is gif, give. The appearance was like the real fact, if admitted or true.", "3. It is used in familiar language, at the end of a sentence.", "A good cause would do well though.", "This is generally or always elliptical, referring to some expression preceding or understood.", "4. It is compounded with all, in although, which see."], "thought": ["THOUGHT, pret. and pp. of think; pronounced thaut.", "THOUGHT, a. thaut. primarily the passive participle of think, supra.", "1. Properly, that which the mind thinks. Thought is either the act or operation of the mind, when attending to a particular subject or thing or it is the idea consequent on that operation.", "We say, a man's thoughts are employed on government, on religion, on trade or arts, or his thoughts are employed on his dress or his means of living. By this we mean that the mind is directed to that particular subject or object; that is, according to the literal import of the verb think, the mind, the intellectual part of man, is set upon such an object, it holds it in view or contemplation, or it extends to it, it stretches to it.", "Thought cannot be superadded to matter, so as in any sense to render it true that matter can become cogitative.", "2. Idea; conception. I wish to convey my thoughts to another person. I employ words that express my thoughts, so that he may have the same ideas; in this case, our thoughts will be alike.", "3. Fancy; conceit; something framed by the imagination.", "Thoughts come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is to choose or reject.", "4. Reflection; particular consideration.", "Why do you keep alone?", "Using those thoughts which should have died", "With them they think on.", "5. Opinion; judgment.", "Thus Bethel spoke, who always speaks his thoughts.", "6. Meditation; serious consideration.", "Pride, of all others the most dangerous fault,", "Proceeds from want of sense or want of thought.", "7. Design; purpose.", "All their thoughts are against me for evil. Ps.56. 33.", "Jer.29.", "8. Silent contemplation.", "9. Solicitude; care; concern.", "Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguish before his business came to an end.", "10. Inward reasoning; the workings of conscience.", "Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else excusing one another. Rom.2.", "11. A small degree or quantity; as a thought longer; a thought better. Not in use.", "To take thought, to be solicitous or anxious. Matt.6."], "thoughtful": ["THOUGHT'FUL, a. Full of thought; contemplative; employed in meditation; as a man of thoughtful mind.", "1. Attentive; careful; having the mind directed to an object; as thoughtful of gain.", "2. Promoting serious thought; favorable to musing or meditation.", "War, horrid war, your thoughtful walks invades.", "3. Anxious; solicitous.", "Around her crowd distrust and doubt and fear,", "And thoughtful foresight, and tormenting care."], "thoughtfulness": ["THOUGHT'FULNESS, n. Deep meditation.", "1. Serious attention to spiritual concerns.", "2. Anxiety; solicitude."], "thousand": ["THOU'SAND, a. s as z.", "1. Denoting the number of ten hundred.", "2. Proverbially, denoting a great number indefinitely. It is a thousand chances to one that you succeed.", "THOU'SAND, n. The number of ten hundred.", "A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand. Ps.91.", "Thousand is sometimes used plurally without the plural termination, as in the passage above, ten thousand; but it often takes the plural termination. In former times, how many thousands perished by famine!"], "threaten": ["THREATEN, v.t. thret'n.", "1. To declare the purpose of inflicting punishment, pain or other evil on another, for some sin or offense; to menace. God threatens the finally impenitent with everlasting banishment from his presence.", "2. To menace; to terrify or attempt to terrify by menaces; as for extorting money.", "To send threatening letters is a punishable offense.", "3. To charge or enjoin with menace, or with implied rebuke; or to charge strictly.", "Let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in his name. Acts 4.", "4. To menace by action; to present the appearance of coming evil; as, rolling billows threaten to overwhelm us.", "5. To exhibit the appearance of something evil or unpleasant approaching; as, the clouds threaten us with rain or a storm."], "threatened": ["THREATENED, pp. thret'nd. Menaced with evil."], "threatener": ["THREATENER, n. thret'ner. One that threatens."], "threatening": ["THREATENING, ppr. thret'ning. Menacing; denouncing evil.", "1. a. Indicating a threat or menace; as a threatening look.", "2. Indicating something impending; as, the weather is threatening; the clouds have a threatening aspect.", "THREATENING, n. thret'ning. The act of menacing; a menace; a denunciation of evil, or declaration of a purpose to inflict evil on a person or country, usually for sins and offenses. The prophets are filled with God's threatenings against the rebellious Jews. Acts 4."], "threateningly": ["THREATENINGLY, adv. thret'ningly. With a threat or menace; in a threatening manner."], "three": ["THREE, a. L. tres.", "1. Two and one.", "I offer thee three things. 2 Sam. 24.", "2. It is often used like other adjectives, without the noun to which it refers.", "Abishai--attained not to the first three. 2 Sam.23.", "3. Proverbially, a small number.", "Away, thou three-inched fool. I believe obsolete."], "threefold": ["THREE'FOLD, a. three and fold. Three-double; consisting of three; or thrice repeated, as threefold justice.", "A threefold cord is not quickly broken. Eccles.4."], "threescore": ["THREE'SCORE, a. three and score. Thrice twenty; sixty; as threescore years."], "thresh": ["THRESH, v.t. To thrash. See Thrash. The latter is the popular pronunciation, but the word is written thrash or thresh, indifferently. See the derivation and definitions under Thrash."], "threw": ["THREW, pret. of throw."], "thrice": ["THRICE, adv. from three; perhaps three, and L. vice.", "1. Three times.", "Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Matt.26.", "2. Sometimes used by way of amplification; very.", "Thrice noble Lord, let me entreat of you", "To pardon me."], "throat": ["THROAT, n.", "1. The anterior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the gullet and windpipe, or the passages for the food and breath.", "In medicine, the fauces; all that hollow or cavity which may be seen when the mouth is wide open.", "2. In seamen's language, that end of a gaff which is next the mast.", "3. In ship-building, the inside of the knee-timber at the middle or turns of the arms; also, the inner part of the arms of an anchor where they join the shank; and the middle part of a floor-timber.", "Throat-brails, brails attached to the gaff, close to the mast.", "Throat-halliards, are those that raise the throat of the gaff.", "THROAT, v.t. To mow beans in a direction against their bending. Local."], "throne": ["THRONE, n. L. thronus.", "1. A royal seat; a chair of state. The throne is sometimes an elegant chair richly ornamented with sculpture and gilding, raised a step above the floor, and covered with a canopy.", "2. The seat of a bishop.", "3. In Scripture, sovereign power and dignity.", "Only in the throne will I be greater than thou. Gen.41.", "Thy throne, O God, is forever. Ps.45.", "4. Angels. Col.1.", "5. The place where God peculiarly manifests his power and glory.", "The heaven is my throne, and the earth my footstool. Is.66.", "THRONE, v.t. To place on a royal seat; to enthrone.", "1. To place in an elevated position; to give an elevated place to; to exalt.", "True image of the Father, whether thron'd", "In the bosom of bliss and light of light."], "throned": ["THRO'NED, pp. Placed on a royal seat, or on an elevated seat; exalted."], "throng": ["THRONG, n.", "1. A crowd; a multitude of persons or of living beings pressing or pressed into a close body or assemblage; as a throng of people at a play-house.", "2. A great multitude; as the heavenly throng.", "THRONG, v.i. To crowd together; to press into a close body, as a multitude of persons; to come in multitudes.", "I have seen", "The dumb men throng to see him.", "THRONG, v.t. To crowd or press, as persons; to oppress or annoy with a crowd of living beings.", "Much people followed him, and thronged him. Mark 5."], "thronged": ["THRONG'ED, pp. Crowded or pressed by a multitude of persons."], "thronging": ["THRONG'ING, ppr. Crowding together; pressing with a multitude of persons.", "THRONG'ING, n. The act of crowding together."], "through": ["THROUGH, prep. thru.", "1. From end to end, or from side to side; from one surface or limit to the opposite; as, to bore through a piece of timber, or through a board; a ball passes through the side of a ship.", "2. Noting passage; as, to pass through a gate or avenue.", "Through the gates of iv'ry he dismiss'd", "His valiant offspring.", "3. By transmission, noting the means of conveyance.", "Through these hands this science has passed with great applause.", "Material things are presented only through their senses.", "4. By means of; by the agency of; noting instrumentality. This signification is a derivative of the last.", "Through the scent of water it will bud. Job 14.", "Some through ambition, or through thirst of gold,", "Have slain their brothers, and their country sold.", "Sanctify them through thy truth. John 17.", "The gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. Rom.6.", "5. Over the whole surface or extent; as, to ride through the country.", "Their tongue walketh through the earth. Ps.73.", "6. Noting passage among or in the midst of; as, to move through water, as a fish; to run through a thicket, as a deer.", "THROUGH, adv. thru. From one end or side to the other; as, to pierce a thing through.", "1. From beginning to end; as, to read a letter through.", "2. To the end; to the ultimate purpose; as, to carry a project through.", "To carry through, to complete; to accomplish.", "To go through, to prosecute a scheme to the end.", "1. To undergo; to sustain; as, to go through hardships."], "throughly": ["THROUGHLY, adv. thru'ly. Completely; fully; wholly.", "1. Without reserve; sincerely.", "For this, thoroughly is now used."], "throughout": ["THROUGHOUT, prep. thruout'. through and out. Quite through; in every part; from one extremity to the other. This is the practice throughout Ireland. A general opinion prevails throughout England. Throughout the whole course of his life, he avoided every species of vice.", "THROUGHOUT, adv. throut'. In every part. The cloth was of a piece throughout."], "throw": ["THROW, v.t. pret. threw; pp. thrown. Gr. to run; L. trochilus.", "1. Properly, to hurl; to whirl; to fling or cast in a winding direction.", "2. To fling or cast in any manner; to propel; to send; to drive to a distance from the hand or from an engine. Thus we throw stones or dust with the hand; a cannon throws a ball; a bomb throws a shell. The Roman balista threw various weapons. A fire engine throws water to extinguish flames.", "3. To wind; as, to throw silk.", "4. To turn; as, to throw balls in a lathe.", "Not in general use.", "5. To venture at dice.", "Set less than thou throwest.", "6. To cast; to divest or strip one's self of; to put off; as, a serpent throws his skin.", "7. To cast; to send.", "I have thrown", "A brave defiance in king Henry's teeth.", "8. To put on; to spread carelessly.", "O'er his fair limbs a flow'ry vest he threw.", "9. To overturn; to prostrate in wrestling; as, a man throws his antagonist.", "10. To cast; to drive by violence; as a vessel or sailors thrown upon a rock.", "To throw away, to lose by neglect or folly; to spend in vain; as, to throw away time; to throw away money.", "1. To bestow without a compensation.", "2. To reject; as, to throw away a good book, or a good offer.", "To throw by, to lay aside or neglect as useless; as, to throw by a garment.", "To throw down, to subvert; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to throw down a fence or wall.", "1. To bring down from a high station; to depress.", "To throw in, to inject.", "1. To put in; to deposit with others; also, to give up or relinquish.", "To throw off, to expel; to clear from; as, to throw off a disease.", "1. To reject; to discard; as, to throw off all sense of shame; to throw off a dependent.", "To throw on, to cast on; to load.", "To throw out, to cast out; to reject or discard; to expel.", "1. To utter carelessly; to speak; as, to throw out insinuations or observations.", "2. To exert; to bring forth into act.", "She throws out thrilling shrieks.", "3. To distance; to leave behind.", "4. To exclude; to reject. The bill was thrown out on the second reading.", "To throw up, to resign; as, to throw up a commission.", "1. To resign angrily.", "Bad games are thrown up too soon.", "2. To discharge from the stomach.", "To throw one's self down, to lie down.", "To throw one's self on, to resign one's self to the favor, clemency or sustaining power of another; to repose.", "THROW, v.i. To perform the act of throwing.", "1. To cast dice.", "To throw about, to cast about; to try expedients. Not much used.", "THROW, n. The act of hurling or flinging; a cast; a driving or propelling from the hand or from an engine.", "He heav'd a stone, and rising to the throw,", "He sent it in a whirlwind at the foe.", "1. A cast of dice; and the manner in which dice fall when cast; as a good throw. None but a fool hazards all upon one throw.", "2. The distance which a missile is or may be thrown; as a stone's throw.", "3. A stroke; a blow.", "Nor shield defend the thunder of his throws.", "4. Effort; violent sally.", "Your youth admires", "The throws and swellings of a Roman soul.", "5. The agony of travail. See Throe.", "6. A turner's lathe. Local."], "thrown": ["THROWN, pp. of throw. Cast; hurled; wound or twisted."], "thrust": ["THRUST, v.t. pret. and pp. thrust. L. trudo, trusum, trusito.", "1. To push or drive with force; as, to thrust any thing with the hand or foot, or with an instrument.", "Neither shall one thrust another. Joel 2. John 20.", "2. To drive; to force; to impel.", "To thrust away or from, to push away; to reject. Acts 7.", "To thrust in, to push or drive in.", "Thrust in thy sickle and reap. Rev. 14.", "To thrust on, to impel; to urge.", "To thrust off, to push away.", "To thrust through, to pierce; to stab. Num. 25. 2 Sam. 18.", "To thrust out, to drive out or away; to expel. Ex.12.", "To thrust one's self, to obtrude; to intrude; to enter where one is not invited or not welcome.", "To thrust together, to compress.", "THRUST, v.i. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist.", "1. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in.", "And thrust between my father and the god.", "2. To intrude.", "3. To push forward; to come with force; to press on.", "Young, old, thrust there", "In mighty concourse.", "THRUST, n. A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon, or with the hand or foot, or with any instrument; a word much used in fencing.", "Polites Pyrrhus with his lance pursues,", "And often reaches, and his thrusts renews.", "1. Attack; assault.", "There is one thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism.", "Note. Push and shove do not exactly express the sense of thrust. The two former imply the application of force by one body already in contact with the body to be impelled. Thrust on the contrary, often implies the impulse or application of force by a moving body, a body in motion before it reaches the body to be impelled. This distinction does not extend to every case."], "thrusting": ["THRUST'ING, ppr. Pushing with force; driving; impelling; pressing.", "THRUST'ING, n. The act of pushing with force.", "1. In dairies, the act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel the whey. Local."], "thrustings": ["THRUST'INGS, n. In cheese-making, the white whey, or that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and of which butter is sometimes made.", "The application of this word to cheese-making, is, I believe, entirely unknown in New England."], "thummim": ["THUM'MIM, n. plu. A Hebrew word denoting perfections. The Urim and Thummim were worn in the breastplate of the high priest, but what they were, has never been satisfactorily ascertained."], "thunder": ["THUN'DER, n. L. tonitru, from tono, to sound.", "1. The sound which follows an explosion of electricity or lightning; the report of a discharge of electrical fluid, that is, of its passage from one cloud to another, or from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a cloud. When this explosion is near to a person, the thunder is a rattling or clattering sound, and when distant, the sound is heavy and rumbling. The fact is in some degree the same with the report of a cannon. This sharpness or acuteness of the sound when near, and the rumbling murmur when distant, are the principal distinctions in thunder. Thunder is not lightning, but the effect of it. See Johnson's Dictionary, under thunder.", "There were thunders and lightnings. Ex.19.", "2. Thunder is used for lightning, or for a thunderbolt, either originally through ignorance, or by way of metaphor, or because the lightning and thunder are closely united.", "The revenging gods", "'Gainst parricides all the thunder bend.", "3. Any loud noise; as the thunder of cannon.", "Sons of thunder. Mark 3.", "4. Denunciation published; as the thunders of the Vatican.", "THUN'DER, v.i. To sound, rattle or roar, as an explosion of electricity.", "Canst thou thunder with a voice like him? Job 40.", "1. To make a loud noise, particularly a heavy sound of some continuance.", "His dreadful voice no more", "Would thunder in my ears.", "2. To rattle, or give a heavy rattling sound.", "And roll the thund'ring chariot o'er the ground.", "THUN'DER, v.t. To emit with noise and terror.", "Oracles severe", "Were daily thunder'd in our gen'ral's ear.", "1. To publish any denunciation or threat.", "An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an ecclesiastical censure."], "thunderer": ["THUN'DERER, n. He that thunders."], "thundering": ["THUN'DERING, ppr. Making the noise of an electrical explosion; uttering a loud sound; fulminating denunciations.", "THUN'DERING, n. The report of an electrical explosion; thunder.", "Entreat the Lord that there by no more mighty thunderings and hail. Ex.9."], "thunderbolt": ["THUN'DERBOLT, n. thunder and bolt.", "1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of the electrical fluid, passing from one part of the heavens to another, and particularly from the clouds to the earth. Ps.78.", "2. Figuratively, a daring or irresistible hero; as the Scipios, those thunderbolts of war.", "3. Fulmination; ecclesiastical denunciation.", "He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication.", "4. In mineralogy, thunder-stone."], "thus": ["THUS, adv. In this or that manner; on this wise; as, thus saith the Lord; the Pharisee prayed thus.", "Thus did Noah, according to all that God commanded him. Gen.6.", "1. To this degree or extent; as thus wise; thus peaceable.", "Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds--", "2. In the phrase, thus much, it seems to be an adjective, equivalent to this much."], "thy": ["THY, a. contracted from thine, or from some other derivative of thou. It is probable that the pronoun was originally thig, thug or thuk, and the adjective thigen. See Thou.", "Thy is the adjective of thou, or a pronominal adjective, signifying of thee, or belonging to thee, like tuus in Latin. It is used in the solemn and grave style.", "These are thy works, parent of good.", "Thyine wood, a precious wood, mentioned Rev.18."], "thyself": ["THYSELF', pron. thy and self. A pronoun used after thou, to express distinction with emphasis. \"Thou thyself shalt go;\" that is, thou shalt go and no other. It is sometimes used without thou, and in the nominative as well as objective case.", "These goods thyself can on thyself bestow."], "tide": ["TIDE, n.", "1. Time; season.", "Which, at the appointed tide,", "Each one did make his bride.", "This sense is obsolete.", "2. The flow of the water in the ocean and seas, twice in a little more than twenty four hours; the flux and reflux, or ebb and flow. We commonly distinguish the flow or rising of the water by the name of flood-tide, and the reflux by that of ebb-tide. There is much less tide or rise of water in the main ocean, at a distance from land, than there is at the shore, and in sounds and bays.", "3. Stream; course; current; as the tide of the times.", "Time's ungentle tide.", "4. Favorable course.", "There is a tide in the affairs of men,", "Which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.", "5. Violent confluence. Not in use.", "6. Among miners, the period of twelve hours.", "7. Current; flow of blood.", "And life's red tide runs ebbing from the wound.", "TIDE, v.t. To drive with the stream.", "TIDE, v.i. To work in or out of a river or harbor by favor of the tide, and anchor when it becomes adverse."], "tidings": ["TI'DINGS, n. plu. News; advice; information; intelligence; account of what has taken place, and was not before known.", "I shall make my master glad with these tidings.", "Behold I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. Luke 2."], "tile": ["TILE, n. L. tegula; tego, to cover; Eng. to deck.", "1. A plate or piece of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of buildings.", "The pins for fastening tiles are made of oak or fir.", "2. In metallurgy, a small flat piece of dried earth, used to cover vessels in which metals are fused.", "3. A piece of baked clay used in drains.", "TILE, v.t. To cover with tiles; as, to tile a house.", "1. To cover, as tiles.", "The muscle, sinew and vein.", "Which tile this house, will come again."], "tiled": ["TI'LED, pp. Covered with tiles."], "tiling": ["TI'LING, ppr. Covering with tiles.", "TI'LING, n. A roof covered with tiles. Luke 5.", "1. Tiles in general."], "till": ["TILL, n. A vetch; a tare. Local.", "TILL"], "tilled": ["TILL'ED, pp. Cultivated; prepared for seed and kept clean."], "tilling": ["TILL'ING, ppr. Cultivating.", "TILL'ING, n. The operation of cultivating land; culture."], "tillage": ["TILL'AGE, n. The operation, practice or art of preparing land for seed, and keeping the ground free from weeds which might impede the growth of crops. Tillage includes manuring, plowing, harrowing and rolling land, or whatever is done to bring it to a proper state to receive the seed, and the operations of plowing, harrowing and hoeing the ground, to destroy weeds and loosen the soil after it is planted; culture; a principal branch of agriculture. Tillage of the earth is the principal as it was the first occupation of man, and no employment is more honorable."], "tiller": ["TILL'ER, n. A money box in a shop; a drawer."], "tillering": ["TILL'ERING, ppr. Sending out new shoots round the bottom of the original stem."], "timber": ["TIM'BER, n. L. domus, a house; Gr. the body.", "1. That sort of wood which is proper for building or for tools, utensils, furniture, carriages, fences, ships and the like. We apply the word to standing trees which are suitable for the uses above mentioned, as a forest contains excellent timber; or to the beams, rafters, scantling, boards, planks, &c. hewed or sawed from such trees. Of all the species of trees useful as timber, in our climate, the white oak and the white pine hold the first place in importance.", "2. The body or stem of a tree.", "3. The materials; in irony.", "Such dispositions--are the fittest timber to make politics of.", "4. A single piece or squared stick of wood for building, or already framed.", "Many of the timbers were decayed.", "5. In ships, a timber is a rib or curving piece of wood, branching outward from the keel in a vertical direction. One timber is composed of several pieces united in one frame.", "TIM'BER, v.t. To furnish with timber. See Timbered.", "TIM'BER, v.i. To light on a tree. Not in use.", "1. In falconry, to make a nest.", "Timber or timmer of furs, as of martens, ermines, sables and the like, denotes forty skins; of other skins, one hundred and twenty.", "Timber of ermine, in heraldry, denote the ranks or rows of ermine in noblemen's coats."], "timbered": ["TIM'BERED, pp. or a. Furnished with timber; as a well timbered house. In the United States, we say, land is well timbered,when it is covered with good timber trees.", "1. Built; formed; contrived. Little used."], "timbering": ["TIM'BERING, ppr. Furnishing with timber."], "timbrel": ["TIM'BREL, n. L. tympanum. An instrument of music; a kind of drum, tabor or tabret,which has been in use from the highest antiquity.", "And Miriam took a timbrel in her hand--and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. Ex.15."], "timbreled": ["TIM'BRELED, a. Sung to the sound of the timbrel."], "time": ["TIME, n. L.tempus; tempora, the falls of the head, also tempest, &c. See Tempest. Time is primarily equivalent to season; to the Gr.wpa in its original sense, opportunity, occasion, a fall, an event, that which comes.", "1. A particular portion or part of duration, whether past, present or future. The time was; the time has been; the time is; the time will be.", "Lost time is never found again.", "God, who at sundry times, and in divers manners, spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets. Heb.1.", "2. A proper time; a season.", "There is a time to every purpose. Eccles.3.", "The time of figs was not yet. Mark 11.", "3. Duration.", "The equal and uniform flux of time does not affect our senses.", "Time is absolute or relative; absolute time is considered without any relation to bodies or their motions. Relative time is the sensible measure of any portion of duration, by means of motion. Thus the diurnal revolution of the sun measures a space of time or duration. Hence,", "4. A space or measured portion of duration.", "We were in Paris two months,and all that time enjoyed good health.", "5. Life or duration, in reference to occupation. One man spends his time in idleness; another devotes all his time to useful purposes.", "Believe me, your time is not your own; it belongs to God, to religion, to mankind.", "6. Age; a part of duration distinct from other parts; as ancient times; modern times. The Spanish armada was defeated in the time of Queen Elizabeth.", "7. Hour of travail.", "She was within one month of her time.", "8. Repetition; repeated performance, or mention with reference to repetition. The physician visits his patient three times in a day.", "9. Repetition; doubling; addition of a number to itself; as, to double cloth four times; four times four amount to sixteen.", "10. Measure of sounds in music; as common time, and treble time. In concerts,it is all important, that the performers keep time, or exact time.", "11. The state of things at a particular period; as when we say, good times, or bad times, hard times,dull times for trade, &c. In this sense, the plural is generally used.", "12. In grammar, tense.", "In time, in good season; sufficiently early.", "He arrived in time to see the exhibition.", "1. A considerable space of duration; process or continuation of duration. You must wait patiently; you will in time recover your health and strength.", "At times, at distinct intervals of duration. At times he reads; at other times, he rides.", "The spirit began to move him at times. Judges 13.", "Time enough, in season; early enough.", "Stanley at Bosworth-field, came time enough to save his life.", "To lose time, to delay.", "1. To go too slow; as, a watch or clock loses time.", "Apparent time, in astronomy, true solar time, regulated by the apparent motions of the sun.", "Mean time, equated time, a mean or average of apparent time.", "Siderial time, is that which is shown by the diurnal revolutions of the stars.", "TIME, v.t. To adapt to the time or occasion; to bring, begin or perform at the proper season or time; as, the measure is well timed, or ill timed. No small part of political wisdom consists in knowing how to time propositions and measures.", "Mercy is good, but kings mistake its timing.", "1. To regulate as to time; as, he timed the stroke.", "2. To measure; as in music or harmony."], "timed": ["TI'MED, pp. Adapted to the season or occasion."], "timeful": ["TI'MEFUL, a. Seasonable; timely; sufficiently early. Not much used."], "timely": ["TI'MELY, a. Seasonable; being in good time; sufficiently early. The defendant had timely notice of this motion. Timely care will often prevent great evils.", "1. Keeping time or measure. Not used.", "TI'MELY, adv. Early; soon; in good season.", "Timely advis'd, the coming evil shun."], "timoneer": ["TIMONEE'R, n. L. temo. A helmsman."], "tin": ["TIN, n. L. stannum; stagnum.", "1. A white metal, with a slight tinge of yellow. It is soft, non-elastic, very malleable, and when a bar of it is bent near the ear, distinguished by a crackling sound called the cry of tin. It is used for culinary vessels, being for this purpose usually combined with lead, forming pewter; and alloyed with small proportions of antimony, copper and bismuth, is formed into various wares resembling silver, under the names of block-tin, brittania, &c. Equal parts of tin and lead compose soder. Tin united with copper in different proportions, forms bronze, bell-metal, and speculum-metal.", "2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin.", "TIN, v.t. To cover with tin, or overlay with tinfoil."], "tinned": ["TIN'NED, pp. Covered with tin."], "tinning": ["TIN'NING, ppr. from tin. Covering with tin or tinfoil.", "TIN'NING, n. The act, art or practice of covering or lining any thing with melted tin or with tinfoil, as kitchen utensils, locks, bits, &c."], "tingle": ["TIN'GLE, v.i. L. tinnio.", "1. To feel a kind of thrilling sound.", "At which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. 1 Sam.3.", "2. To feel a sharp thrilling pain.", "The pale boy senator yet tingling stands.", "3. To have a thrilling sensation, or a sharp slight penetrating sensation.", "They suck pollution through their tingling veins."], "tingling": ["TING'LING, ppr. Having a thrilling sensation.", "TING'LING, n. A thrilling sensation."], "tinkle": ["TINK'LE, v.i.", "1. To make small quick sharp sounds, as by striking on metal; to clink.", "--And have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 1 Cor.13. Is.3.", "The sprightly horse", "Moves to the music of his tinkling bells.", "The moment the money tinkles in the chest, the soul mounts out of purgatory.", "2. To hear a small sharp sound.", "And his ears tinkled, and his color fled.", "TINK'LE, v.t. To cause to clink or make sharp quick sounds."], "tinkling": ["TINK'LING, ppr. Making a small quick sharp noise.", "TINK'LING, n. A small quick sharp sound.", "Making a tinkling with their feet. Is.3."], "tip": ["TIP, n.", "1. The end; the point or extremity of any thing small; as the tip of the finger; the tip of a spear; the tip of the tongue; the tip of the ear.", "2. One part of the play at nine-pins.", "3. In botany, an anther.", "TIP, v.t. To form a point with something; to cover the tip, top or end; a, to tip any thing with gold or silver.", "With truncheon tipp'd with iron head.", "Tipp'd with jet,", "Fair ermines spotless as the snows they press.", "1. for tap. To strike slightly, or with the end of any thing small; to tap.", "A third rogue tips me by the elbow.", "2. To lower one end, or throw upon the end; as, to tip a cart for discharging a load. N. England.", "To tip the wink, to direct a wink, or to wink to another for notice.", "TIP, v.i. In the phrase, to tip off, that is, to fall headlong; hence, to die."], "tipping": ["TIP'PING, ppr. Covering the end or tip."], "tire": ["TIRE, n. Heb. tur, a row or series.", "1. A tier; a row or rank. This is the same word as tier, differently written. See Tier and Tour.", "2. A head dress; something that encompasses the head. See Tiara. Ezek.24. Is.3.", "On her head she wore a tire of gold.", "3. Furniture; apparatus; as the tire of war.", "4. Attire. See Attire.", "5. A band or hoop of iron, used to bind the fellies of wheels, to secure them from wearing and breaking; as cart-tire; wagon-tire. This tire however is generally formed of different pieces, and is not one entire hoop.", "TIRE, v.t. To adorn; to attire; to dress; as the head. Obs. See Attire. 2 Kings 9.", "TIRE, v.t. L. tero.", "1. To weary; to fatigue; to exhaust the strength by toil or labor; as, to tire a horse or an ox. A long day's work in summer will tire the laborer.", "Tir'd with toil, all hopes of safety past.", "2. To weary; to fatigue; to exhaust the power of attending, or to exhaust patience with dullness or tediousness. A dull advocate may tire the court and jury, and injure his cause.", "To tire out, to weary or fatigue to excess; to harass.", "TIRE, v.i. To become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to have the patience exhausted. A feeble body soon tires with hard labor."], "tired": ["TI'RED, pp. Wearied; fatigued."], "tiring": ["TI'RING, ppr. Wearying; fatiguing; exhausting strength or patience."], "tis": ["'TIS, a contraction of it is."], "tithe": ["TITHE, n. The tenth part of any thing; but appropriately, the tenth part of the increase annually arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support. Tithes are personal, predial, or mixed; personal, when accruing from labor, art, trade and navigation; predial, when issuing from the earth, as hay, wood and fruit; and mixed, when accruing from beasts, which are fed from the ground.", "TITHE, v.t. To levy a tenth part on; to tax to the amount of a tenth.", "When thou hast made an end of tithing all the tithes of thine increase. Deut. 26.", "Ye tithe mint and rue. Luke 11.", "TITHE, v.i. To pay tithes."], "tithed": ["TI'THED, pp. Taxed a tenth."], "tithing": ["TI'THING, ppr. Levying a tax on, to the amount of a tenth.", "TI'THING, n. A decennary; a number or company of ten householders, who dwelling near each other, were sureties or free- pledges to the king for the good behavior of each other. The institution of tithings in England is ascribed to Alfred."], "title": ["TI'TLE, n. L. titulus. This may belong to the family of Gr. to set or put.", "1. An inscription put over any thing as a name by which it is known.", "2. The inscription in the beginning of a book, containing the subject of the work, and sometimes the author's name.", "3. In the civil and canon laws, a chapter or division of a book.", "4. An appellation of dignity, distinction or pre-eminence given to persons; as duke, marquis and the like.", "5. A name; an appellation.", "Ill worthy I such title should belong", "To me transgressor.", "6. Right; or that which constitutes a just cause of exclusive possession; that which is the foundation of ownership; as a good title to an estate; or an imperfect title. The lowest degree of title is naked possession, and lastly the right of property, all which united complete the title.", "But possession is not essential to a complete title. A title to personal property may be acquired by occupancy. A claim is not a title.", "7. The instrument which is evidence of a right.", "8. In the canon law, that by which a beneficiary holds a benefice. This is true and valid, or colorable. A valid title gives a right to the benefice. A colorable title appears to be valid, but is not.", "9. In ancient church records, a church to which a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside.", "TI'TLE, v.t. To name; to call; to entitle."], "titled": ["TI'TLED, pp. Called; named.", "1. a. Having a title."], "titling": ["TI'TLING, ppr. Calling; denominating; entitling."], "tittle": ["TIT'TLE, n. from tit, small. A small particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota."], "to": ["TO, prep.", "1. Noting motion towards a place; opposed to from, or placed after another word expressing motion towards. He is going to church.", "2. Noting motion towards a state or condition. He is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor.", "3. Noting accord or adaptation; as an occupation suited to his taste; she has a husband to her mind.", "4. Noting address or compellation, or the direction of a discourse. These remarks were addressed to a large audience.", "To you, my noble lord of Westmoreland;", "I pledge your grace.", "5. Noting attention or application.", "Go, buckle to the law.", "Meditate upon these things; give yourself wholly to them. 1 Tim.4.", "6. Noting addition.", "Add to your faith, virtue. 2 Pet.1.", "Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage.", "7. Noting opposition. They engaged hand to hand.", "8. Noting amount, rising to. They met us, to the number of three hundred.", "9. Noting proportion; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty seven. It is ten to one that you will offend by your officiousness.", "10. Noting possession or appropriation. We have a good seat; let us keep it to ourselves.", "11. Noting perception; as a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind.", "12. Noting the subject of an affirmation.", "I have a king's oath to the contrary.", "13. In comparison of.", "All that they did was piety to this.", "14. As far as.", "Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten.", "15. Noting intention.", "--Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter.", "In this sense, for is now used.", "16. After an adjective, noting the object; as deaf to the cries of distress; alive to the sufferings of the poor. He was attentive to the company or to the discourse.", "17. Noting obligation; as duty to God and to our parents.", "18. Noting enmity; as a dislike to spiritus liquors.", "19. Towards; as, she stretched her arms to heaven.", "20. Noting effect or end. The prince was flattered to his ruin. He engaged in a war to this cost. Violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state.", "Numbers were crowded to death.", "21. To, as a sign of the infinitive, precedes the radical verb. Sometimes it is used instead of the ancient form, for to, noting purpose. David in his life time intended to build a temple. The legislature assembles annually to make and amend laws. The court will sit in February to try some important causes.", "22. It precedes the radical verb after adjectives, noting the object; as ready to go; prompt to obey; quick to hear, but slow to censure.", "23. It precedes the radical verb, noting the object.", "The delay of our hopes teaches us to mortify our desires.", "24. It precedes the radical verb, noting consequence.", "I have done my utmost to lead my life so pleasantly as to forget my misfortunes.", "25. It notes extent, degree or end. He languishes to death, even to death. The water rises to the highth of twenty feet. The line extends from one end to the other.", "26. After the substantive verb, and with the radical verb, it denotes futurity. The construction, we are to meet at ten o'clock, every man at death is to receive the reward of his deeds, is a particular form of expressing future time.", "27. After have, it denotes duty or necessity.", "I have a debt to pay on Saturday.", "28. To-day, to-night, to-morrow, are peculiar phrases derived from our ancestors. To in the two first, has the sense or force of this; this day, this night. In the last, it is equivalent to in or on; in or on the morrow. The words may be considered as compounds, to-day, to-night, to-morrow, and usually as adverbs. But sometimes they are used as nouns; as, to-day is ours.", "To and from, backward and forward. In this phrase, to is adverbial.", "To the face, in presence of; not in the absence of.", "I withstood him face to face. Gal.2.", "To-morrow, to-morrow, and to-morrow,", "Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.", "Note.--In the foregoing explanation of to, it is to be considered that the definition given is not always the sense of to by itself, but the sense rather of the word preceding it, or connected with it, or of to in connection with other words. In general, to is used in the sense of moving towards a place, or towards an object, or it expresses direction towards a place, end, object or purpose.", "To is often used adverbially to modify the sense of verbs; as, to come to; to heave to. The sense of such phrases is explained under the verbs respectively.", "In popular phrases like the following, \"I will not come; you shall to, or too, a genuine Saxon phrase, to denotes moreover, besides, L. insuper."], "toe": ["TOE, n. L. digitus . Toe is contracted from tog, the primary word on which L. digitus is formed, coinciding with dug, and signifying a shoot.", "1. One of the small members which form the extremity of the foot, corresponding to a finger on the hand. The toes in their form and structure resemble the fingers, but are shorter.", "2. The fore part of the hoof of a horse, and of other hoofed animals.", "3. The member of a beast's foot corresponding to the toe in man."], "together": ["TOGETH'ER, adv.", "1. In company. We walked together to the wood.", "2. In or into union.", "The king joined humanity and policy together.", "3. In the same place; as, to live together in one house.", "4. In the same time; as, to live together in the same age.", "5. In concert; as, the allies made war upon France together.", "6. Into junction or a state of union; as, to sew, knit, pin or fasten two things together; to mix things together.", "Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with.", "Take the bad together with the good."], "toil": ["TOIL, v.i. To labor; to work; to exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, particularly of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration.", "Master, we have toiled all night and caught nothing. Luke 5.", "TOIL, v.t. To toil out, to labor; to work out.", "Toil'd out my uncouth passage--", "1. To weary; to overlabor; as toil'd with works of war.", "Not in use nor proper.", "TOIL, n. Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind. Toil may be the labor of the field or the workshop, or of the camp. What toils men endure for the acquisition of wealth, power and honor! Gen.5.", "TOIL, n. L. tela, a web; from spreading, extending or laying.", "A net or snare; any thread, web or string spread for taking prey.", "A fly falls into the toils of a spider."], "toiling": ["TOIL'ING, ppr. Laboring with pain."], "token": ["TOKEN, n. to'kn. L. signum, dialetically varied, or from the same radix.", "1. A sign; something intended to represent or indicate another thing or an event. Thus the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah. The blood of the paschal lamb, sprinkled on the doors of the Hebrews, was a token to the destroying angel of God's will that he should pass by those houses. Gen.9. Ex.12.", "Show me a token for good. Ps.86.", "2. A mark. In pestilential diseases, tokens are livid spots upon the body, which indicate the approach of death.", "3. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind.", "4. In coinage, tokens were coins struck in the reign of Elizabeth in the cities of Bristol, Oxford and Worcester, and also by private persons, which were put into circulation, and upon being returned,the issuer gave the value of them in current money.", "5. In printing, ten quires of paper; an extra quire is usually added to every other token, when counted out for the press."], "tokened": ["TO'KENED, a. Being marked with spots."], "tola": ["TO'LA, n. In India, a weight for gold and silver, but different in different places."], "told": ["TOLD, pret. and pp. of tell.", "Who told thee that thou wast naked? Gen.3.", "Thou hast mocked me, and told me lies. Judges 16.", "--Sheep and oxen that could not be told. 1 Kings 8."], "tolerable": ["TOL'ERABLE, a. L. tolerabilis. See Tolerate.", "1. That may be borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. The cold in Canada is severe, but tolerable. The insults and indignities of our enemies are not tolerable.", "It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matt. 10.", "2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment or opposition; as a tolerable translation; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable administration."], "tolerableness": ["TOL'ERABLENESS, n. The state of being tolerable."], "tolerably": ["TOL'ERABLY, adv. Supportably; in a manner to be endured.", "1. Moderately well; passably; not perfectly; as a constitution tolerably firm. The advocate speaks tolerably well."], "tolerance": ["TOL'ERANCE, n. L. tolerantia, from tolero, to bear. The power or capacity of enduring; or the act of enduring.", "Diogenes one frosty morning came to the market place shaking, to show his tolerance.", "Little used. But intolerance is in common use."], "tolerant": ["TOL'ERANT, a. Enduring; indulgent; favoring toleration."], "tolerate": ["TOL'ERATE, v.t. L. tolero, from tollo, to lift. To suffer to be or to be done without prohibition or hinderance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; as, to tolerate opinions or practices. The protestant religion is tolerated in France, and the Roman Catholic in Great Britain.", "Crying should not be tolerated in children.", "The law of love tolerates no vice, and patronizes every virtue."], "tolerated": ["TOL'ERATED, pp. Suffered; allowed; not prohibited or restrained."], "tolerating": ["TOL'ERATING, ppr. Enduring; suffering to be or to be done; allowing; not restraining."], "toleration": ["TOLERA'TION, n. L. toleratio. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved; appropriately, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state, when contrary to or different from those of the established church or belief. Toleration implies a right in the sovereign to control men in their opinions and worship, or it implies the actual exercise of power in such control. Where no power exists or none is assumed to establish a creed and a mode of worship, there can be no toleration, in the strict sense of the word, for one religious denomination has as good a right as another to the free enjoyment of its creed and worship."], "toll": ["TOLL, n. Gr. toll, custom, and end, exit, from cutting off; Eng. dole; diolam, to sell, to exchange, to pay toll. This is from the root of deal. See Deal.", "1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market or the like.", "2. A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.", "3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding.", "TOLL, v.i. To pay toll or tallage.", "1. To take toll, as by a miller.", "TOLL, v.i. To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person.", "Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell.", "TOLL, v.t. supra. To cause a bell to sound with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated, as for summoning public bodies or religious congregations to their meetings, or for announcing the death of a person, or to give solemnity to a funeral. Tolling is a different thing from ringing.", "TOLL, v.t. L. tollo. To take away; to vacate; to annul; a law term.", "1. To draw. See Tole.", "TOLL, n. A particular sounding of a bell."], "tolling": ["TOLLING, ppr. Causing to sound in a slow grave manner.", "1. Taking away; removing.", "2. Sounding, as a bell."], "tomb": ["TOMB, n. toom. L. tumulus, a heap or hillock; tumeo, to swell.", "1. A grave; a pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited.", "As one dead in the bottom of a tomb.", "2. A house or vault formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof for the reception of the dead.", "3. A monument erected to preserve the memory of the dead.", "TOMB, v.t. To bury; to inter. See Entomb."], "tong": ["TONG, n. See Tongs. The catch of a buckle. Not used. See Tongue."], "tongs": ["TONGS, n. plu. An instrument of metal, consisting of two parts or long shafts joined at one end; used for handling things, particularly fire or heated metals. We say, a pair of tongs, a smith's tongs."], "too": ["TOO, adv.", "1. Over; more than enough; noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short,or too wide; too high; too many; too much.", "His will too strong to bend, too proud to learn.", "2. Likewise; also; in addition.", "A courtier and a patriot too.", "Let those eyes that view", "The daring crime, behold the vengeance too.", "3. Too, too, repeated, denotes excess emphatically; but this repetition is not in respectable use."], "took": ["TOOK, pret. of take.", "Enoch was not, for God took him. Gen.5."], "tool": ["TOOL, n. In old Law Latin, we find attile, attilia, stores, tools, implements.", "1. An instrument of manual operation, particularly such as are used by farmers and mechanics; as the tools of a joiner, cabinet maker, smith or shoemaker.", "2. A person used as an instrument by another person; a word of reproach. Men of intrigue always have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes.", "TOOL, v.t. To shape with a tool."], "tooth": ["TOOTH, n. plu. teeth. L. dens.", "1. A bony substance growing out of the jaws of animals, and serving as the instrument of mastication. The teeth are also very useful in assisting persons in the utterance of words, and when well formed and sound, they are ornamental. The teeth of animals differ in shape, being destined for different offices. The front teeth in men and quadrupeds are called incisors, or incisive or cutting teeth; next to these are the pointed teeth, called canine or dog teeth; and on the sides of the jaws are the molar teeth or grinders.", "2. Taste; palate.", "These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth.", "3. A tine; a prong; something pointed and resembling an animal tooth; as the tooth of a rake, a comb, a card, a harrow, a saw, or of a wheel. The teeth of a wheel are sometimes called cogs,and are destined to catch corresponding parts of other wheels.", "Tooth and nail, by biting and scratching, with one's utmost power; by all possible means.", "To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face.", "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth.", "To cast in the teeth, to retort reproachfully; to insult to the face.", "In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort.", "To show the teeth, to threaten.", "When the law shows her teeth, but dares not bite.", "TOOTH, v.t. To furnish with teeth; as, to tooth a rake.", "1. To indent; to cut into teeth; to jag; as, to tooth a saw.", "2. To lock into each other."], "toothed": ["TOOTH'ED, pp. or a. Having teeth or jags. In botany, dentate; having projecting points, remote from each other, about the edge."], "toothful": ["TOOTH'FUL, a. Palatable. Not in use."], "top": ["TOP, n.", "1. The highest part of any thing; the upper end, edge or extremity; as the top of a tree; the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain.", "2. Surface; upper side; as the top of the ground.", "3. The highest place; as the top of preferment.", "4. The highest person; the chief.", "5. The utmost degree.", "The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work.", "If you attain the top of your desires in fame--", "6. The highest rank. Each boy strives to be at the top of his class, or at the top of the school.", "7. The crown or upper surface of the head.", "8. The hair on the crown of the head; the forelock.", "9. The head of a plant.", "10. An inverted conoid which children play with by whirling it on its point, continuing the motion with a whip.", "11. In ship-building, a sort of platform, surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sides. It serves to extend the shrouds, by which means they more effectually support the mast; and in ships of war, the top furnishes a convenient stand for swivels and small arms to annoy the enemy."], "topping": ["TOP'PING, ppr. Covering the top; capping; surpassing; cropping; lopping.", "1. a. Fine; gallant.", "But Johnson's definition is probably incorrect.", "2. Proud; assuming superiority. This is the sense in which the common people of N. England use the word, and I believe the true sense, but it is not elegant.", "TOP'PING, n. In seamen's language, the act of pulling one extremity of a yard higher than the other."], "toppingly": ["TOP'PINGLY, adv. Proudly; with airs of disdain. Not an elegant word, nor much used."], "topaz": ["TO'PAZ, n. Gr. A mineral, said to be so called from Topazos, a small isle in the Arabic gulf, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns. The topaz is of a yellowish color. It sometimes occurs in masses, but more generally crystallized in rectangular octahedrons. Topaz is valued as a gem or precious stone, and is used in jewelry. It consists of silex, fluoric acid and alumin, in the following proportions; alumin 57 parts, silex 34, and fluoric acid 7 or 8.", "Of topaz there are three subspecies, common topaz, shorlite and physalite."], "tophet": ["TO'PHET, n. Heb. tophet, a drum. Hell; so called from a place east of Jerusalem where children were burnt to Moloch, and where drums were used to drown their cries."], "torch": ["TORCH, n. L. torqueo, tortus. A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood or of candles.", "They light the nuptial torch."], "torment": ["TOR'MENT, n. L. tormentum.; torqueo, torno; Eng. tour; that is, from twisting, straining.", "1. Extreme pain; anguish; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind.", "The more I see", "Pleasure about me, so much I feel", "Torment within me.", "Lest they also come into this place of torment. Luke 16. Rev.9. 14.", "2. That which gives pain, vexation or misery.", "They brought to him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matt. 4.", "3. An engine for casting stones."], "tormented": ["TORMENT'ED, pp. Painted to extremity; teased; harassed."], "tormenting": ["TORMENT'ING, ppr. Paining to an extreme degree; inflicting severe distress and anguish; teasing; vexing.", "TORMENT'ING, n. In agriculture, an imperfect sort of horse-hoeing."], "tormentor": ["TORMENT'OR, n. He or that which torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures.", "1. In agriculture, an instrument for reducing a stiff soil."], "torn": ["TORN, pp. of tear.", "Neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn by the beasts in the field. Ex.22."], "tortoise": ["TORTOISE, n. tor'tis. from L. tortus, twisted.", "1. An animal of the genus Testudo, covered with a shell or crust.", "2. In the military art, a defense used by the ancients, formed by the troops arranging themselves in close order and placing their bucklers over their heads, making a cover resembling a tortoise-shell."], "torture": ["TORT'URE, n. L. tortus, torqueo, to twist.", "1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment.", "Ghastly spasm or racking torture.", "2. Severe pain inflicted judicially, either as a punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person. Torture may be and is inflicted in a variety of ways, as by water or fire, or by the boot or thumbkin. But the most usual mode is by the rack or wheel.", "TORT'URE, v.t. To pain to extremity; to torment.", "1. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person.", "2. To vex; to harass.", "3. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. Not in use."], "tortured": ["TORT'URED, pp. Tormented; stretched on the wheel; harassed."], "torturer": ["TORT'URER, n. One who tortures; a tormenter."], "torturing": ["TORT'URING, ppr. Tormenting; stretching on the rack; vexing."], "torturingly": ["TORT'URINGLY, adv. So as to torture or torment."], "torturous": ["TORT'UROUS, a. Tormenting. Not in use."], "toss": ["TOSS, v.t. pret. and pp. tossed or tost.", "1. To throw with the hand; particularly, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball.", "2. To throw with violence.", "3. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head; or to toss up the head.", "He toss'd his arm aloft.", "4. To cause to rise and fall; as, to be tossed on the waves.", "We, being exceedingly tossed with a tempest-- Acts 27.", "5. To move one way and the other. Prov.21.", "6. To agitate; to make restless.", "Calm region once,", "And full of peace, now tost and turbulent.", "7. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar.", "TOSS, v.i. To fling; to roll and tumble; to writhe; to be in violent commotion.", "To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enrages our pain.", "1. To be tossed.", "To toss up, is to throw a coin into the air and wager on what side it will fall.", "TOSS, n. A throwing upward or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as the toss of a ball.", "1. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. It is much applied to horses, and may be applied to an affected manner of raising the head in men."], "tossed": ["TOSS'ED, pp. Thrown upward suddenly or with a jerk; made to rise and fall suddenly."], "tossing": ["TOSS'ING, ppr. Throwing upward with a jerk; raising suddenly; as the head.", "TOSS'ING, n. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling.", "Dire was the tossing, deep the groans."], "totter": ["TOT'TER, v.i. This may be allied to titter.", "1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; as, an old man totters with age; a child totters when he beings to walk.", "2. To shake; to reel; to lean.", "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence. Ps.62.", "Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall."], "tottering": ["TOT'TERING, ppr. Shaking, as threatening a fall; vacillating; reeling; inclining."], "touch": ["TOUCH, v.t. tuch. L. tango, originally tago, our vulgar tag. pret. tetigi, pp. tactus.", "1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike against.", "He touched the hollow of his thigh. Gen. 32. Matt.9.", "Esther drew near, and touched the top of the scepter. Esth.5.", "2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.", "Nothing but body can be touch'd or touch.", "3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.", "The god vindictive doom'd them never more,", "Ah men unbless'd! to touch that natal shore.", "4. To try, as gold with a stone.", "Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed--", "5. To relate to; to concern.", "The quarrel toucheth none but thee alone.", "This sense is now nearly obsolete.", "6. To handle slightly.", "7. To meddle with. I have not touched the books.", "8. To affect.", "What of sweet", "Hath touch'd my sense, flat seems to this.", "9. To move; to soften; to melt.", "The tender sire was touch'd with what he said.", "10. To mark or delineate slightly.", "The lines, though touch'd but faintly--", "11. To infect; as men touched with pestilent diseases. Little used.", "12. To make an impression on.", "Its face must be--so hard that the file will not touch it.", "13. To strike, as an instrument of music; to play on.", "They touch'd their golden harps.", "14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly.", "No decree of mine,", "To touch with lightest moment of impulse", "His free will.", "15. To treat slightly. In his discourse, he barely touched upon the subject deemed the most interesting.", "16. To afflict or distress. Gen.26.", "To touch up, to repair; or to improve by slight touches or emendations.", "To touch the wind, in seamen's language, is to keep the ship as near the wind as possible.", "TOUCH, v.i. tuch. To be in contact with; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between. Two spheres touch only at points.", "1. To fasten on; to take effect on.", "Strong waters will touch upon gold,that will not touch silver.", "2. To treat of slightly in discourse.", "To touch at, to come or go to, without stay.", "The ship touched at Lisbon.", "The next day we touched at Sidon. Acts 27.touch on or upon, to mention slightly.", "If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they have immediately quitted it.", "1. In the sense of touch at. Little used.", "TOUCH, n. tuch. Contact; the hitting of two bodies; the junction of two bodies at the surface, so that there is no space between them. The mimosa shrinks at the slightest touch.", "1. The sense of feeling; one of the five senses. We say, a thing is cold or warm to the touch; silk is soft to the touch.", "The spider's touch how exquisitely fine!", "2. The act of touching. The touch of cold water made him shrink.", "3. The state of being touched.", "--That never touch was welcome to thy hand", "Unless I touch'd.", "4. Examination by a stone.", "5. Test; that by which any thing is examined.", "Equity, the true touch of all laws.", "6. Proof; tried qualities.", "My friends of noble touch.", "7. Single act of a pencil on a picture.", "Never give the least touch with your pencil, till you have well examined your design.", "8. Feature; lineament.", "Of many faces, eyes and hearts,", "To have the touches dearest priz'd.", "9. Act of the hand on a musical instrument.", "Soft stillness and the night", "Become the touches of sweet harmony.", "10. Power of exciting the affections.", "Not alone", "The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches,", "Do strongly speak t'us.", "11. Something of passion of affection.", "He both makes intercession to God for sinners, and exercises dominion over all men, with a true, natural and sensible touch of mercy.", "12. Particular application of any thing to a person.", "Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used.", "13. A stroke; as a touch of raillery; a satiric touch.", "14. Animadversion; censure; reproof.", "I never bore any touch of conscience with greater regret.", "15. Exact performance of agreement.", "I keep touch with my promise.", "16. A small quantity intermixed.", "Madam, I have a touch of your condition.", "17. A hint; suggestion; slight notice.", "A small touch will put him in mind of them.", "18. A cant word for a slight essay.", "Print my preface in such forms, in the bookseller's phrase, will make a sixpenny touch. Not in use.", "19. In music, the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as a heavy touch, or light touch.", "20. In music, an organ is said to have a good touch or stop,when the keys close well.", "21. In ship-building, touch is the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt; or the middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion; also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters."], "touching": ["TOUCHING, ppr. tuch'ing. Coming on contact with; hitting; striking; affecting.", "1. Concerning; relating to; with respect to.", "Now as touching things offered to idols-- 1 Cor.8.", "2. a. Affecting; moving; pathetic.", "TOUCHING, n. tuch'ing. Touch; the sense of feeling."], "touchingly": ["TOUCHINGLY, adv. tuch'ingly. In a manner to move the passions; feelingly."], "tow": ["TOW, v.t. L. duco. To drag, as a boat or ship, through the water by means of a rope. Towing is performed by another boat or ship, or by men on shore, or by horses. Boats on canals are usually towed by horses.", "TOW, n. L. stupa. The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle."], "towing": ["TOWING, ppr. Drawing on water, as a boat."], "towardness": ["TO'WARDNESS, n. Docility; towardliness."], "towards": ["TO'WARDS, prep. L. versus, verto.", "1. In the direction to.", "He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. 24.", "2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect to; regarding.", "His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deut.28.", "Herein do I exercise myself to have always a conscience void of offense toward God and toward men. Acts. 24.", "Hearing of thy love and faith which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus Christ, and toward all saints. Philemon 5.", "3. With ideal tendency to.", "This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble.", "4. Nearly.", "I am towards nine years older since I left you."], "towel": ["TOW'EL, n. A cloth used for wiping the hands and for other things."], "tower": ["TOW'ER, n. L. turris.", "1. A building, either round or square, raised to a considerable elevation and consisting of several stories. When towers are erected with other buildings, as they usually are, they rise above the main edifice. They are generally flat on the top, and thus differ from steeples or spires. Before the invention of guns, places were fortified with towers and attacked with movable towers mounted on wheels, which placed the besiegers on a level with the walls.", "2. A citadel; a fortress. Ps.61.", "3. A high head dress.", "4. High flight; elevation.", "Tower bastion, in fortification, a small tower in the form of a bastion, with rooms or cells underneath for men and guns.", "Tower of London, a citadel containing an arsenal. It is also a palace where the kings of England have sometimes lodged.", "TOW'ER, v.i. To rise and fly high; to soar; to be lofty.", "Sublime thoughts, which tower above the clouds."], "towered": ["TOW'ERED, a. Adorned or defended by towers."], "towering": ["TOW'ERING, ppr. Rising aloft; mounting high; soaring.", "1. a. Very high; elevated; as a towering highth."], "town": ["TOWN, n.", "1. Originally, a walled or fortified place; a collection of houses inclosed with walls, hedges or pickets for safety. Rahab's house was on the town wall. Josh. 2.", "A town that hath gates and bars. 1 Sam. 23.", "2. Any collection of houses, larger than a village. In this use the word is very indefinite, and a town may consist of twenty houses, or of twenty thousand.", "3. In England, any number of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop.", "A town, in modern times, is generally without walls, which is the circumstance that usually distinguishes it from a city.", "In the United States, the circumstance that distinguishes a town from a city, is generally that a city is incorporated with special privileges, and a town is not. But a city is often called a town.", "4. The inhabitants of a town. The town voted to send two representatives to the legislature, or they voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.", "5. In popular usage, in America, a township; the whole territory within certain limits.", "6. In England,the court end of London.", "7. The inhabitants of the metropolis.", "8. The metropolis. The gentleman lives in town in winter; in summer he lives in the country. The same form of expression is used in regard to other populous towns."], "toy": ["TOY, n.", "1. A plaything for children; a bauble.", "2. A trifle; a thing for amusement, but of no real value.", "3. An article of trade of little value.", "They exchange gold and pearl for toys.", "4. Matter of no importance.", "Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell.", "5. Folly; trifling practice; silly opinion.", "6. Amorous dalliance; play; sport.", "7. An old story; a silly tale.", "8. Slight representation; as the toy of novelty.", "9. Wild fancy; odd conceit.", "TOY, v.i. To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.", "TOY, v.t. To treat foolishly. Not used."], "toying": ["TOY'ING, ppr. Dallying; trifling."], "trade": ["TRADE, n. L. tracto, to handle, use, treat.", "1. The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter; or the business of buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter. Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills or money. It is however chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign, or domestic or inland. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic or home trade is the exchange or buying and selling of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, or it is by retail, or in small parcels.", "The carrying trade is that of transporting commodities from one country to another by water.", "2. The business which a person has learned and which he carries on for procuring subsistence or for profit; occupation; particularly, mechanical employment; distinguished from the liberal arts and learned professions, and from agriculture. Thus we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter or mason. But we never say, the trade of a farmer or of a lawyer or physician.", "3. Business pursued; occupation; in contempt; as, piracy is their trade.", "Hunting their sport, and plund'ring was their trade.", "4. Instruments of any occupation.", "The shepherd bears", "His house and household goods, his trade of war.", "5. Employment not manual; habitual exercise.", "6. Custom; habit; standing practice.", "Thy sin's not accidental, but a trade.", "7. Men engaged in the same occupation. Thus booksellers speak of the customs of the trade.", "TRADE, v.i. To barter, or to buy and sell; to deal in the exchange, purchase or sale of goods, wares and merchandise, or any thing else; to traffic; to carry on commerce as a business. Thus American merchants trade with the English at London and at Liverpool; they trade with the French at Havre and Bordeaux, and they trade with Canada. The country shopkeepers trade with London merchants. Our banks are permitted to trade in bills of exchange.", "1. To buy and sell or exchange property, in a single instance. Thus we say, man treats with another for his farm, but cannot trade with him. A traded with B for a horse or a number of sheep.", "2. To act merely for money.", "How did you dare", "To trade and traffic with Macbeth?", "3. To have a trade wind.", "They on the trading flood ply tow'rd the pole. Unusual.", "TRADE, v.t. To sell or exchange in commerce.", "They traded the persons of men. Ezek. 27.", "This, I apprehend, must be a mistake; at least it is not to be vindicated as a legitimate use of the verb."], "traded": ["TRA'DED, a. Versed; practiced. Not in use."], "tradeful": ["TRA'DEFUL, a. Commercial; busy in traffic."], "trading": ["TRA'DING, ppr. Trafficking; exchanging commodities by barter,or buying and selling them.", "1. a. Carrying on commerce; as a trading company.", "TRA'DING, n. The act or business of carrying on commerce."], "tradition": ["TRADI'TION, n. L. traditio, from trado, to deliver.", "1. Delivery; the act of delivering into the hands of another.", "A deed takes effect only from the tradition or delivery.", "The sale of a movable is completed by simple tradition.", "2. The delivery of opinions,doctrines, practices,rites and customs from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any opinions or practice from forefathers to descendants by oral communication, without written memorials. Thus children derive their vernacular language chiefly from tradition. Most of our early notions are received by tradition from our parents.", "3. That which is handed down from age to age by oral communication. The Jews pay great regard to tradition in matters of religion, as do the Romanists. Protestants reject the authority of tradition in sacred things, and rely only on the written word. Traditions may be good or bad, true or false.", "Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle. 2 Thess. 2.", "Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by your traditions? Matt. 15."], "traditive": ["TRAD'ITIVE, a. L. trado. Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age to age, by oral communication.", "Suppose we on things traditive divide."], "traffick": ["TRAF'FICK, n. L. trans.", "1. Trade; commerce,either by barter or by buying and selling. This word, like trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent,unless the business of retailing may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that.", "My father,", "A merchant of great traffick through the world.", "2. Commodities for market.", "TRAF'FICK, v.i.", "1. To trade; to pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to barter; to buy and sell wares; to carry on commerce. The English and Americans traffick with all the world. Gen.42.", "2. To trade meanly or mercenarily.", "TRAF'FICK, v.t. To exchange in traffick."], "traffickable": ["TRAF'FICKABLE, a. Marketable. Not in use."], "trafficker": ["TRAF'FICKER, n. One who caries on commerce; a trader; a merchant. Is.8."], "trafficking": ["TRAF'FICKING, ppr. Trading; bartering; buying and selling goods, wares and commodities."], "train": ["TRAIN, v.t. L. traho, to draw?", "1. To draw along.", "In hollow cube he train'd", "His devilish enginery.", "2. Top draw; to entice; to allure.", "If but twelve French", "Were there in arms, they would be as a call", "To train ten thousand English to their side.", "3. To draw by artifice or stratagem.", "O train me not, sweet mermaid,with thy note.", "4. To draw from act to act by persuasion or promise.", "We did train him on.", "5. To exercise; to discipline; to teach and form by practice; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms and to tactics. Abram armed his trained servants. Gen.14.", "The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train.", "6. To break, tame and accustom to draw; as oxen.", "7. In gardening, to lead or direct and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape by growth, lopping or pruning; as, to train young trees.", "8. In mining, to trace a lode or any mineral appearance to its head.", "To train or train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up.", "Train up a child in the way he should go,and when he is old he will not depart from it. Prov.22.", "The first christians were, by great hardships, trained", "up for glory.", "TRAIN, n. Artifice; stratagem of enticement.", "Now to my charms,", "And to my wily trains.", "1. Something drawn along behind, the end of a gown, &c.; as the train of a gown or robe.", "2. The tail of a fowl.", "The train steers their flight, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of a ship.", "3. A retinue; a number of followers or attendants.", "My train are men of choice and rarest parts.", "The king;s daughter with a lovely train.", "4. A series; a consecution or succession of connected things.", "Rivers now stream and draw their humid train.", "Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order.", "--The train of ills our love would draw behind it.", "5. Process; regular method; course. Things are now in a train for settlement.", "If things were once in this train--our duty would take root in our nature.", "6. A company in order; a procession.", "Fairest of stars, last in the train of night.", "7. The number of beats which a watch makes in any certain time.", "8. A line of gunpowder, laid to lead fire to a charge, or to a quantity intended for execution.", "Train of artillery, any number of cannon and mortars accompanying an army."], "trained": ["TRA'INED, pp. Drawn; allured; educated; formed by instruction."], "training": ["TRA'INING, ppr. Drawing; alluring; educating; teaching and forming by practice.", "TRA'INING, n. The act or process of drawing or educating; education. In gardening, the operation or art of forming young trees to a wall or espalier, or of causing them to grow in a shape suitable for that end."], "traitor": ["TRA'ITOR, n. L. traditor; trado, to deliver.", "1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to its enemy, or any fort or place entrusted to his defense, or who surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; or one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See Treason.", "2. One who betrays his trust."], "traitorous": ["TRA'ITOROUS, a. Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as a traitorous officer or subject.", "1. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of allegiance; as a traitorous scheme or conspiracy."], "traitorously": ["TRA'ITOROUSLY, adv. In violation of allegiance and trust; treacherously; perfidiously.", "They had traitorously endeavored to subvert the fundamental laws."], "traitorousness": ["TRA'ITOROUSNESS, n. Treachery; the quality of being treasonable."], "trample": ["TRAM'PLE, v.t.", "1. To tread under foot; especially, to tread upon with pride, contempt, triumph or scorn.", "Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet. Matt. 7.", "2. To tread down; to prostrate by treading; as, to trample grass.", "3. To treat with pride, contempt and insult.", "TRAM'PLE, v.i. To tread in contempt.", "Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own.", "1. To tread with force and rapidity.", "TRAM'PLE, n. The act of treading under foot with contempt."], "trampled": ["TRAM'PLED, pp. Trod on; trodden under foot."], "trampling": ["TRAM'PLING, ppr. Treading under foot; prostrating by treading; treading with contempt and insult."], "trance": ["TR`ANCE, n. tr`ans. L. transitus, a passing over; transeo, to pass over; trans and eo. An ecstasy; a state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into celestial regions, or to be rapt into visions.", "My soul was ravish'd quite as in a trance.", "While they made ready, he fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened. Acts 10."], "tranced": ["TR`ANCED, a. Lying in a trance or ecstasy.", "And there I left him tranc'd."], "tranquil": ["TRAN'QUIL, a. L. tranquillus. Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated. The atmosphere is tranquil. The state is tranquil. A tranquil retirement is desirable; but a tranquil mind is essential to happiness."], "tranquilize": ["TRAN'QUILIZE, v.t. To quiet; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind.", "Religion haunts the imagination of the sinner, instead of tranquilizing his heart."], "tranquilized": ["TRAN'QUILIZED, pp. Quieted; calmed; composed."], "tranquilizing": ["TRAN'QUILIZING, ppr. Quieting; composing."], "tranquillity": ["TRANQUIL'LITY, n. L. tranquillitas. Quietness; a calm state; freedom from disturbance or agitation. We speak of the tranquillity of public affairs, of the state, of the world, the tranquillity of a retired life, the tranquillity of mind proceeding from conscious rectitude."], "tranquilness": ["TRAN'QUILNESS, n. Quietness; peacefulness."], "transfer": ["TRANSFER', v.t. L. transfero; trans and fero, to carry.", "1. To convey from one place or person to another; to transport or remove to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another. The seat of government was transferred from New York to Albany. We say, a war is transferred from France to Germany. Pain or the seat of disease in the body, is often transferred from one part to another.", "2. To make over; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to sell; to give. The title to land is transferred by deed. The property of a bill of exchange may be transferred by indorsement. Stocks are transferred by assignment, or entering the same under the name of the purchaser in the proper books."], "transferable": ["TRANSFER'ABLE, a. That may be transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another.", "1. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange or other evidence of property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by indorsement or other writing. The stocks of the public and of companies are transferable."], "transferred": ["TRANSFER'RED, pp. Conveyed from one to another."], "transferring": ["TRANSFER'RING, ppr. Removing from one place or person to another; conveying to another, as a right."], "transfiguration": ["TRANSFIGURA'TION, n.", "1. A change of form; particularly, the supernatural change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount.", "See Matt. 17.", "2. A feast held by the Romish church on the 6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above mentioned."], "transfigure": ["TRANSFIG'URE, v.t. L. trans and figura. To transform; to change the outward form or appearance.", "--And was transfigured before them. Matt. 17."], "transfigured": ["TRANSFIG'URED, pp. Changed in form."], "transfiguring": ["TRANSFIG'URING, ppr. Transforming; changing the external form."], "transform": ["TRANSFORM', v.t. L. trans and forma.", "1. To change the form of; to change the shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as a caterpillar transformed into a butterfly.", "2. To change one substance into another; to transmute. The alchimists sought to transform lead into gold.", "3. In theology, to change the natural disposition and temper of man from a state of enmity to God and his law, into the image of God, or into a disposition and temper conformed to the will of God.", "Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. 12.", "4. To change the elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ.", "5. Among the mystics, to change the contemplative soul into a divine substance, by which it is lost or swallowed up in the divine nature.", "6. In algebra, to change an equation into another of a different form, but of equal value.", "TRANSFORM', v.i. To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed.", "His hair transforms to down."], "transformation": ["TRANSFORMA'TION, n. The act or operation of changing the form or external appearance.", "1. Metamorphosis; change of form in insects; as from a caterpillar to a butterfly.", "2. Transmutation; the change of one metal into another, as of copper or tin into gold.", "3. The change of the soul into a divine substance, as among the mystics.", "4. Transubstantiation.", "5. In theology, a change of heart in man, by which his disposition and temper are conformed to the divine image; a change from enmity to holiness and love.", "6. In algebra, the change of an equation into one of a different form, but of equal value."], "transformed": ["TRANSFORM'ED, pp. Changed in form or external appearance; metamorphosed; transmuted; renewed."], "transforming": ["TRANSFORM'ING, ppr. Changing the form or external appearance; metamorphosing; transmuting; renewing.", "1. a. Effecting or able to effect a change of form or state; as the transforming power of true religion."], "transgress": ["TRANSGRESS', v.t. L. transgressus, transgredior; trans and gradior, to pass.", "1. To pass over or beyond any limit; to surpass.", "2. In a moral sense, to overpass any rule prescribed as the limit of duty; to break or violate a law, civil or moral. To transgress a divine law, is sin. Legislators should not transgress laws of their own making.", "TRANSGRESS', v.i. To offend by violating a law; to sin.", "Chron 2."], "transgressed": ["TRANSGRESS'ED, pp. Overpassed; violated."], "transgressing": ["TRANSGRESS'ING, ppr. Passing beyond; surpassing; violating; sinning."], "transgression": ["TRANSGRES'SION, n. The act of passing over or beyond any law or rule of moral duty; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command.", "He mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away. Ezra 10.", "Forgive thy people all their transgressions. 1 Kings 8.", "1. Fault; offense; crime."], "transgressive": ["TRANSGRESS'IVE, a. Faulty; culpable; apt to transgress."], "transgressor": ["TRANSGRESS'OR, n. One who breaks a law or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner.", "The way of transgressors is hard. Prov. 13."], "translatable": ["TRANSLA'TABLE, a. from translate. Capable of being translated or rendered into another language."], "translate": ["TRANSLA'TE, v.t. L. translatus, from transfero; trans, over, and fero, to bear.", "1. To bear, carry or remove from one place to another. It is applied to the removal of a bishop from one see to another.", "The bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him to a better bishoprick, refused.", "2. To remove or convey to heaven, as a human being, without death.", "By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death. Heb. 16.", "3. To transfer; to convey from one to another. 2 Sam. 3.", "4. To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to translate a disease.", "5. To change.", "Happy is your grace,", "That can translate the stubbornness of fortune", "Into so quiet and so sweet a style.", "6. To interpret; to render into another language; to express the sense of one language in the words of another. The Old Testament was translated into the Greek language more than two hundred years before Christ. The Scriptures are now translated into most of the languages of Europe and Asia.", "7. To explain."], "translated": ["TRANSLA'TED, pp. Conveyed from one place to another; removed to heaven without dying; rendered into another language."], "translating": ["TRANSLA'TING, ppr. Conveying or removing from one place to another; conveying to heaven without dying; interpreting in another language."], "translation": ["TRANSLA'TION, n. L. translatio.", "1. The act of removing or conveying from one place to another; removal; as the translation of a disease from the foot to the breast.", "2. The removal of a bishop from one see to another.", "3. The removal of a person to heaven without subjecting him to death.", "4. The act of turning into another language; interpretation; as the translation of Virgil or Homer.", "5. That which is produced by turning into another language; a version. We have a good translation of the Scriptures."], "translator": ["TRANSLA'TOR, n. One who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another."], "transparency": ["TRANSPA'RENCY, n. See Transparent. That state or property of a body by which it suffers rays of light to pass through it, so that objects can be distinctly seen through it; diaphaneity. This is a property of glass, water and air, which when clear, admit the free passage of light. Transparency is opposed to opakeness."], "transparent": ["TRANSPA'RENT, a. L. trans and pareo, to appear.", "1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light so that bodies can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid; as transparent glass; a transparent diamond; opposed to opake.", "2. Admitting the passage of light; open porous; as a transparent vail."], "transparently": ["TRANSPA'RENTLY, adv. Clearly; so as to be seen through."], "transparentness": ["TRANSPA'RENTNESS, n. The quality of being transparent; transparency."], "trap": ["TRAP, n.", "1. An engine that shuts suddenly or with a spring, used for taking game; as a trap for foxes. A trap is a very different thing from a snare; though the latter word may be used in a figurative sense for a trap.", "2. An engine for catching men. Not used in the U. States.", "3. An ambush; a stratagem; any device by which men or other animals may be caught unawares.", "Let their table be made a snare and a trap. Rom.11.", "4. A play in which a ball is driven with a stick.", "TRAP, n. In mineralogy, a name given to rocks characterized by a columnar form, or whose strata or beds have the form of steps or a series of stairs. Kirwan gives this name to two families of basalt. It is now employed to designate a rock or aggregate in which hornblend predominates, but it conveys no definite idea of any one species; and under this term are comprehended hornblend, hornblend slate, greenstone, greenstone slate, amygdaloid, basalt, wacky, clinkstone porphyry, and perhaps hypersthene rock, augite rock, and some varieties of sienite.", "TRAP, v.t. To catch in a trap; as, to trap foxes or beaver.", "1. To ensnare; to take by stratagem.", "I trapp'd the foe.", "2. To adorn; to dress with ornaments. See Trappings. the verb is little used.", "TRAP, v.i. To set traps for game; as, to trap for beaver."], "trappings": ["TRAP'PINGS, n. plu. from trap. The primary sense is that which is set, spread or put on.", "1. Ornaments of horse furniture.", "Caparisons and steeds,", "Bases and tinsel trappings--", "2. Ornaments; dress; external and superficial decorations.", "These but the trappings and the suits of woe.", "Trappings of life, for ornament, not use.", "Affectation is part of the trappings of folly."], "travail": ["TRAV'AIL, v.i. L. trans, over, beyond, and mael, work; Eng. moil.", "1. To labor with pain; to toil.", "2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor. Gen.35.", "TRAV'AIL, v.t. To harass; to tire; as troubles sufficient to travail the realm. Not in use.", "TRAV'AIL, n. Labor with pain; severe toil.", "As every thing of price, so doth this require travail.", "1. Labor in childbirth; as a severe travail; an easy travail."], "travailing": ["TRAV'AILING, ppr. Laboring with toil; laboring in childbirth. Is.42."], "travel": ["TRAV'EL, v.i. a different orthography and application of travail.", "1. To walk; to go or march on foot; as, to travel from London to Dover, or from New York to Philadelphia. So we say, a man ordinarily travels three miles an hour. This is the proper sense of the word, which implies toil.", "2. To journey; to ride to a distant place in the same country; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling to Virginia. A man traveled from London to Edinburgh in five days.", "3. To go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or kingdoms, either by sea or land. It is customary for men of rank and property to travel for improvement. Englishmen travel to France and Italy. Some men travel for pleasure or curiosity; others travel to extend their knowledge of natural history.", "4. To pass; to go; to move. News travels with rapidity.", "Time travels in divers paces with divers persons.", "5. To labor. See Travail.", "6. To move, walk or pass, as a beast, a horse, ox or camel. A horse travels fifty miles in a day; a camel; twenty."], "traveled": ["TRAV'ELED, pp. Gained or made by travel; as traveled observations.", "1. a. Having made journeys."], "traveler": ["TRAV'ELER, n.", "1. One who travels in any way. Job:31.", "2. One who visits foreign countries.", "3. In ships, an iron thimble or thimbles with a rope spliced round them, forming a kind of tail or a species of grommet."], "traveling": ["TRAV'ELING, ppr.", "1. Walking; going; making a journey. Matt.25.", "2. a. Incurred by travel; as traveling expenses.", "3. Paid for travel; as traveling fees."], "traversable": ["TRAV'ERSABLE, a. See Traverse, in law. That may be traversed or denied; as a traversable allegation."], "traverse": ["TRAV'ERSE, adv. Athwart; crosswise.", "The ridges of the field lay traverse.", "TRAV'ERSE, prep. supra. Through crosswise.", "He traverse", "The whole battalion views their order due. Little used.", "TRAV'ERSE, a. L. versus; transversus. Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as paths cut with traverse trenches.", "Oak--may be trusted in traverse work for summers.", "TRAV'ERSE, n. supra. Any thing laid or built across.", "There is a traverse placed in the loft where she sitteth.", "1. Something that thwarts, crosses or obstructs; a cross accident. He is satisfied he should have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses not in his power.", "2. In fortification, a trench with a little parapet for protecting men on the flank; also, a wall raised across a work.", "3. In navigation, traverse-sailing is the mode of computing the place of a ship by reducing several short courses made by sudden shifts or turns, to one longer course.", "4. In law, a denial of what the opposite party has advanced in any state of the pleadings. When the traverse or denial comes from the defendant, the issue is tendered in this manner, \"and of this he puts himself on the country.\" When the traverse lies on the plaintiff, he prays \"this may be inquired of by the country.\"", "The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without this which follows.", "5. A turning; a trick.", "TRAV'ERSE, v.t. To cross; to lay in a cross direction.", "The parts should be often traversed or crossed by the flowing of the folds.", "1. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart; to obstruct.", "Frog thought to traverse this new project.", "2. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the habitable globe.", "What seas you travers'd, and what fields you fought.", "3. To pass over and view; to survey carefully.", "My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles and properties of this detestable vice, ingratitude.", "4. To turn and point in any direction; as, to traverse a cannon.", "5. To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to traverse a board.", "6. In law pleadings, to deny what the opposite party has alleged. When the plaintiff or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. So to traverse an indictment or an office, is to deny it.", "To traverse a yard, in sailing, is to brace it aft.", "TRAV'ERSE, v.i. In fencing, to use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction.", "To see thee fight, to see thee traverse--", "1. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel. The needle of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe guide.", "2. In the manege, to cut the tread crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other."], "traversing": ["TRAV'ERSING, ppr. Crossing; passing over; thwarting; turning; denying."], "treacherous": ["TREACHEROUS, a. trech'erous. See Treachery. Violating allegiance of faith pledged; faithless; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust. A man may be treacherous to his country, or treacherous to his friend, by violating his engagements or his faith pledged."], "treacherously": ["TREACHEROUSLY, adv. trech'erously. By violating allegiance or faith pledged; by betraying a trust; faithlessly; perfidiously; as, to surrender a fort to an enemy treacherously; to disclose a secret treacherously.", "You treacherously practic'd to undo me."], "treacherousness": ["TREACHEROUSNESS, n. trech'erousness. Breach of allegiance or of faith; faithlessness; perfidiousness."], "treachery": ["TREACHERY, n. trech'ery. Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence. The man who betrays his country in any manner, violates his allegiance, and is guilty of treachery. This is treason. The man who violates his faith pledged to his friend, or betrays a trust in which a promise of fidelity is implied, is guilty of treachery. The disclosure of a secret committed to one in confidence, is treachery. This is perfidy."], "tread": ["TREAD, v.i. tred. pret. trod; pp. trod, troden. L. trudo.", "1. To set the foot.", "Where'er you tread, the blushing flow'rs shall rise.", "Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.", "2. To walk or go.", "Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread, shall be yours. Deut.11.", "3. To walk with form or state.", "Ye that stately tread, or lowly creep.", "4. To copulate, as fowls.", "To tread or tread on, to trample; to set the foot on in contempt.", "Thou shalt tread upon their high places. Det.33.", "TREAD, v.t. tred. To step or walk on.", "Forbid to tread the promis'd land he saw.", "1. To press under the feet.", "2. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land when too light; a well trodden path.", "3. To walk in a formal or stately manner.", "He thought she trod the ground with greater grace.", "4. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred, or to subdue. Ps.44. 60.", "5. To compress, as a fowl.", "To tread the state, to act as a stage-player; to perform a part in a drama.", "To tread or tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses.", "They tread their wine presses and suffer thirst. Job.24.", "TREAD, n. tred. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; as a nimble tread; cautious tread; doubtful tread.", "1. Way; track; path. Little used.", "2. Compression of the male fowl.", "3. Manner of stepping; as, a horse has a good tread."], "treading": ["TREADING, ppr. tred'ing. Stepping; pressing with the foot; walking on."], "treader": ["TREADER, n. tred'er. One who treads. Is. 16."], "treason": ["TREASON, n. tree'zn. L. traho. See Draw and Drag.", "Treason is the highest crime of a civil nature of which a man can be guilty. Its signification is different in different countries. In general, it is the offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power. In monarchies, the killing of the king, or an attempt to take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the death of the king, or of the prince, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent of the crown, is high treason; as are many other offenses created by statute.", "In the United States, treason is confined to the actual levying of war against the United States, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.", "Treason in Great Britain, is of two kinds, high treason and petit treason. High treason is a crime that immediately affects the king or state; such as the offenses just enumerated. Petit treason involves a breach of fidelity, but affects individuals. Thus for a wife to kill her husband, a servant his master or lord, or an ecclesiastic his lord or ordinary, is petit treason. But in the United States this crime is unknown; the killing in the latter cases being murder only."], "treasonable": ["TREASONABLE, a. tree'znable. Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt.", "Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and treasonable practices."], "treasonous": ["TREASONOUS, for treasonable, is not in use."], "treasure": ["TREASURE, n. trezh'ur. L. thesaurus.", "1. Wealth accumulated; particularly, a stock or store of money in reserve. Henry VII. was frugal and penurious, and collected a great treasure of gold and silver.", "2. A great quantity of any thing collected for future use.", "We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey. Jer.41.", "3. Something very much valued. Ps.135.", "Ye shall be a peculiar treasure to me. Ex.19.", "4. Great abundance.", "In whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. Col.2.", "TREASURE, v.t. trezh'ur. To hoard; to collect and reposit, either money or other things, for future use; to lay up; as, to treasure gold and silver; usually with up. Sinners are said to treasure up wrath against the day of wrath. Rom.2."], "treasured": ["TREASURED, pp. trezh'ured. Hoarded; laid up for future use."], "treasurer": ["TREASURER, n. trezh'urer. One who has the care of a treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders drawn by the proper authority. Incorporated companies and private societies have also their treasurers.", "In England, the lord high treasurer is the principal officer of the crown, under whose charge is all the national revenue.", "The treasurer of the household, in the absence of the lord-steward, has power with the controller and other officers of the Green-cloth, and the steward of the Marshalsea, to hear and determine treasons, felonies and other crimes committed within the king's palace. There is also the treasurer of the navy, and the treasurers of the county."], "treasury": ["TREASURY, n. trezh'ury. A place or building in which stores of wealth are reposited; particularly, a place where the public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government.", "1. A building appropriated for keeping public money. John 8.", "2. The officer or officers of the treasury department.", "3. A repository of abundance. Ps.135."], "treatise": ["TRE'ATISE, n. L. tractatus. A tract; a written composition on a particular subject, in which the principles of it are discussed or explained. A treatise is of an indefinite length; but it implies more form and method than an essay, and less fullness or copiousness than a system."], "treatiser": ["TRE'ATISER, n. One who writes a treatise. Not used."], "tree": ["TREE, n.", "1. The general name of the largest of the vegetable kind, consisting of a firm woody stem springing from woody roots, and spreading above into branches which terminate in leaves. A tree differs from a shrub principally in size, many species of trees growing to the highth of fifty or sixty feet, and some species to seventy or eighty, and a few, particularly the pine, to a much greater highth.", "Trees are of various kinds; as nuciferous, or nut-bearing trees; bacciferous, or berry-bearing; coniferous, or cone-bearing, &c. Some are forest-trees, and useful for timber or fuel; others are fruit trees, and cultivated in gardens and orchards; others are used chiefly for shade and ornament.", "2. Something resembling a tree, consisting of a stem or stalk and branches; as a genealogical tree.", "3. In ship-building, pieces of timber are called chess-trees, cross-trees, roof-trees, tressel-trees, &c.", "4. In Scripture, a cross.", "--Jesus, whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Act.10.", "5. Wood."], "tremble": ["TREM'BLE, v.i. L. tremo.", "1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold or weakness; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder.", "Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke.", "2. To shake; to quiver; to totter.", "Sinai's gray top shall tremble.", "3. To quaver; to shake, as sound; as when we say, the voice trembles."], "trembling": ["TREM'BLING, ppr. Shaking, as with fear, cold or weakness; quaking; shivering."], "tremblingly": ["TREM'BLINGLY, adv. So as to shake; with shivering or quaking.", "Tremblingly she stood."], "trench": ["TRENCH, v.t.", "1. To cut or dig, as a ditch, a channel for water, or a long hollow in the earth. We trench land for draining. This is the appropriate sense of the word.", "2. To fortify by cutting a ditch and raising a rampart or breast-work of earth thrown out of the ditch. In this sense, entrench is more generally used.", "3. To furrow; to form with deep furrows by plowing.", "4. To cut a long gash. Not in use.", "TRENCH, v.i. To encroach. See Entrench.", "TRENCH, n. A long narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as a trench for draining land.", "1. In fortification, a deep ditch cut for defense, or to interrupt the approach of an enemy. The wall or breast-work formed by the earth thrown out of the ditch, is also called a trench, as also any raised work formed with bavins, gabions, wool-packs or other solid materials, Hence, the phrases, to mount the trenches, to guard the trenches, to clear the trenches, &c.open the trenches, to begin to dig, or to form the lines of approach."], "trenched": ["TRENCH'ED, pp. Cut into long hollows or ditches; furrowed deep."], "trenching": ["TRENCH'ING, ppr. Cutting into trenches; digging; ditching."], "trespass": ["TRES'PASS, v.i. L. trans, beyond, and passer, to pass.", "1. Literally, to pass beyond; hence primarily, to pass over the boundary line of another's land; to enter unlawfully upon the land of another. A man may trespass by walking over the ground of another, and the law gives a remedy for damages sustained.", "2. To commit any offense or to do any act that injures or annoys another; to violate any rule of rectitude to the injury of another.", "If any man shall trespass against his neighbor, and an oath be laid upon him-- 1 Kings 8. See Luke 17. 3. and 4.", "3. In a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty.", "In the time of his disease did he trespass yet more. 2 Chron.28.", "We have trespassed against our God. Ezra 10.", "4. To intrude; to go too far; to put to inconvenience by demand or importunity; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another.", "TRES'PASS, n. In law, violation of another's rights, not amounting to treason, felony, or misprision of either. Thus to enter another's close, is a trespass; to attack his person is a trespass. When violence accompanies the act, it is called a trespass vi et armis.", "1. Any injury or offense done to another.", "If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. Matt.6.", "2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin. Col.2.", "You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph.2."], "trespasser": ["TRES'PASSER, n. One who commits a trespass; one who enters upon another's land or violates his rights.", "1. A transgressor of the moral law; an offender; a sinner."], "trespassing": ["TRES'PASSING, ppr. Entering another man's inclosure; injuring or annoying another; violating the divine law or moral duty."], "tri": ["TRI, a prefix in words of Greek and Latin origin, signifies three."], "trial": ["TRI'AL, n. from try. Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of ascertaining its effect, or what can be done. A man tries to lift a stone, and on trial finds he is not able. A team attempts to draw a load, and after unsuccessful trial, the attempt is relinquished.", "1. Examination by a test; experiment; as in chimistry and metallurgy.", "2. Experiment; act of examining by experience. In gardening and agriculture, we learn by trial what land will produce; and often, repeated trials are necessary.", "3. Experience; suffering that puts strength, patience of faith to the test; afflictions or temptations that exercise and prove the graces or virtues of men.", "Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. Heb.11.", "4. In law, the examination of a cause in controversy between parties, before a proper tribunal. Trials are civil or criminal. Trial in civil causes, may be by record or inspection; it may be by witnesses and jury, or by the court. By the laws of England and of the United States, trial by jury, in criminal cases, is held sacred. No criminal can be legally deprived of that privilege.", "5. Temptation; test of virtue.", "Every station is exposed to some trials.", "6. State of being tried."], "tribe": ["TRIBE, n. L. tribus.", "1. A family, race or series of generations, descending from the same progenitor and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob.", "2. A division, class or distinct portion of people, from whatever cause that distinction may have originated. The city of Athens was divided into ten tribes. Rome was originally divided into three tribes; afterward the people were distributed into thirty tribes, and afterwards into thirty five.", "3. A number of things having certain characters or resemblances, in common; as a tribe of plants; a tribe of animals.", "Linneus distributed the vegetable kingdom into three tribes, viz. monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, and acotyledonous plants, and these he subdivided into gentes or nations.", "By recent naturalists, tribe has been used for a division of animals or vegetables, intermediate between order and genus. Cuvier divides his orders into families, and his families into tribes, including under the latter one or more genera. Leach, in his arrangement of insects, makes his tribes, on the contrary, the primary subdivisions of his orders, and his families subordinate to them, and immediately including the genera.", "Tribes of plants, in gardening, are such as are related to teach other by some natural affinity or resemblance; as by their duration, the annual, biennial, and perennial tribes; by their roots, as the bulbous, tuberous, and fibrous-rooted tribes; by the loss or retention of their leaves, as the deciduous and ever-green tribes; by their fruits and seeds, as the leguminous, bacciferous, coniferous, nuciferous and pomiferous tribes, &c.", "4. A division; a number considered collectively.", "5. A nation of savages; a body of rude people united under one leader or government; as the tribes of the six nations; the Seneca tribe in America.", "6. A number of persons of any character or profession; in contempt; as the scribbling tribe.", "TRIBE, v.t. To distribute into tribes or classes. Not much used."], "tribulation": ["TRIBULA'TION, n. L. tribulo, to thrash, to beat. Severe affliction; distresses of life; vexations. In Scripture, it often denotes the troubles and distresses which proceed from persecution.", "When tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, he is offended. Matt.13.", "In the world ye shall have tribulation. John 16."], "tributary": ["TRIB'UTARY, a. from tribute. Paying tribute to another, either from compulsion, as an acknowledgment of submission, or to secure protection, or for the purpose of purchasing peace. The republic of Ragusa is tributary to the grand seignor. Many of the powers of Europe are tributary to the Barbary states.", "1. Subject; subordinate.", "He, to grace his tributary gods--", "2. Paid in tribute.", "No flatt'ry tunes these tributary lays.", "3. Yielding supplies of any thing. The Ohio has many large tributary streams; and is itself tributary to the Mississippi.", "TRIB'UTARY, n. One that pays tribute or a stated sum to a conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of security. What a reproach to nations that they should be the tributaries of Algiers!"], "tribute": ["TRIB'UTE, n. L. tributum, from tribuo, to give, bestow or divide.", "1. An annual or stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one prince or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or by virtue of some treaty. The Romans made all their conquered countries pay tribute, as do the Turks at this day; and in some countries the tribute is paid in children.", "2. A personal contribution; as a tribute of respect.", "3. Something given or contributed."], "trickle": ["TRICK'LE, v.i. allied perhaps to Gr. to run, and a diminutive.", "To flow in a small gentle stream; to run down; as, tears trickle down the cheek; water trickles from the eaves.", "Fast beside there trickled softly down", "A gentle stream."], "trickling": ["TRICK'LING, ppr. Flowing down in a small gentle stream.", "TRICK'LING, n. The act of flowing in a small gentle stream.", "He wakened by the trickling of his blood."], "trim": ["TRIM, a. Firm; compact; tight; snug; being in good order. We say of a ship, she is trim, or trim-built; every thing about the man is trim. We say of a person, he is trim, when his body is well shaped and firm; and we say, his dress is trim, when it sits closely to his body and appears tight and snug; and of posture we say, a man or a soldier is trim, when he stands erect. It is particularly applicable to soldiers, and in Saxon, truma is a troop or body of soldiers.", "TRIM, v.t.", "1. In a general sense, to make right, that is, to put in due order for any purpose.", "The hermit trimm'd his little fire.", "2. To dress; to put the body in a proper state.", "I was trimm'd in Julia's gown.", "3. To decorate; to invest or embellish with extra ornaments; as, to trim a gown with lace.", "4. To clip, as the hair of the head; also, to shave; that is, to put in due order.", "5. To lop, as superfluous branches; to prune; as, to trim trees.", "6. To supply with oil; as, to trim a lamp.", "7. To make neat; to adjust.", "I found her trimming up the diadem", "On her dead mistress--", "8. In carpentry, to dress, as timber; to make smooth.", "9. To adjust the cargo of a ship, or the weight of persons or goods in a boat, so equally on each side of the center and at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well. Thus we say, to trim a ship or a boat.", "10. To rebuke; to reprove sharply; a popular use of the word.", "11. To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails.", "To trim in, in carpentry, to fit, as a piece of timber into other work.", "To trip up, to dress; to put in order.", "TRIM, v.i. To balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to favor each.", "TRIM, n. Dress; gear; ornaments.", "1. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, &c., by which she is well prepared for sailing.", "Trim of the masts, is their position in regard to the ship and to each other, as near or distant,far forward or much aft, erect or raking.", "Trim of sails, is that position and arrangement which is best adapted to impel the ship forward."], "trimmed": ["TRIM'MED, pp. Put in good order; dressed; ornamented; clipped; shaved; balanced; rebuked."], "trimming": ["TRIM'MING, ppr. Putting in due order; dressing; decorating; pruning; balancing; fluctuating between parties.", "TRIM'MING, n. Ornamental appendages to a garment, as lace, ribbons and the like."], "trimness": ["TRIM'NESS, n. Neatness; snugness; the state of being close and in good order."], "triumph": ["TRI'UMPH, n. L. triumphus.", "1. Among the ancient Romans, a pompous ceremony performed in honor of a victorious general, who was allowed to enter the city crowned, originally with laurel, but in later times with gold, bearing a truncheon in one hand and a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a chariot drawn by two white horses, and followed by the kings, princes and generals whom he had vanquished, loaded with chains and insulted by mimics and buffoons. The triumph was of two kinds, the greater and the less. The lesser triumph was granted for a victory over enemies of less considerable power, and was called an ovation.", "2. State of being victorious.", "Hercules from Spain", "Arriv'd in triumph, from Geryon slain.", "3. Victory; conquest.", "The vain coquets the trifling triumphs boast.", "4. Joy or exultation for success.", "Great triumph and rejoicing was in heav'n.", "5. A card that takes all others; now written trump, which see.", "TRI'UMPH, v.i. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice for victory.", "How long shall the wicked triumph? Ps.94.", "1. To obtain victory.", "There fix thy faith, and triumph o'er the world.", "Attir'd with stars, we shall forever sit", "Triumphing over death.", "2. In insult upon an advantage gained.", "Let not my enemies triumph over me. Ps.25.", "Sorrow on all the pack of you", "That triumph thus upon my misery.", "3. To be prosperous; to flourish.", "Where commerce triumph'd on the favoring gales.", "triumph over,to succeed in overcoming; to surmount; as, to triumph over all obstacles."], "triumphing": ["TRI'UMPHING, ppr. Celebrating victory with pomp; vanquishing; rejoicing for victory; insulting on an advantage."], "trodden": ["TRODDEN, pp. of tread.", "Jerusalem shall be trodden down by the Gentiles. Luke 21."], "trode": ["TRODE, old pret. of tread.", "TRODE, n. Tread; footing."], "troop": ["TROOP, n.", "1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude. Gen.49. 2 Sam.23. Hos.7.", "That which should accompany old age,", "As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,", "I must not look to have.", "2. A body of soldiers. But applied to infantry, it is now used in the plural, troops, and this word signifies soldiers in general, whether more or less numerous, including infantry, cavalry and artillery. We apply the word to a company, a regiment or an army. The captain ordered his troops to halt; the colonel commanded his troops to wheel and take a position on the flank; the general ordered his troops to attack; the troops of France amounted to 400,000 men.", "3. Troop, in the singular, a small body or company of cavalry, light horse or dragoons, commanded by a captain.", "4. A company of stage-players.", "TROOP, v.i. To collect in numbers.", "Armies at the call of trumpet,", "Troop to their standard.", "1. To march in a body.", "I do not, as an enemy to peace,", "Troop in the throngs of military men.", "2. To march in haste or in company."], "trooping": ["TROOP'ING, ppr. Moving together in a crowd; marching in a body."], "trouble": ["TROUBLE, v.t. trub'l. L. turbo; turba, a crowd, and perhaps trova, a turn. The primary sense is to turn or to stir, to whirl about, as in L. turbo, turbinis, a whirlwind. Hence the sense of agitation, disturbance.", "1. To agitate; to disturb; to put into confused motion.", "God looking forth will trouble all his host.", "An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water. John 5.", "2. To disturb; to perplex.", "Never trouble yourself about those faults which age will cure.", "3. To afflict; to grieve; to distress.", "Those that trouble me, rejoice when I am moved. Ps.13.", "4. To busy; to cause to be much engaged or anxious.", "Martha, thou art careful, and troubled about many things. Luke 10.", "5. To tease; to vex; to molest.", "The boy so troubles me,", "'Tis past enduring.", "6. To give occasion for labor to. I will not trouble you to deliver the letter. I will not trouble myself in this affair.", "7. To sue for a debt. He wishes not to trouble his debtors.", "TROUBLE, n. trub'l. Disturbance of mind; agitation; commotion of spirits; perplexity; a word of very extensive application.", "1. Affliction; calamity.", "He shall deliver thee in six troubles. Job 5.", "Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. Ps.25.", "2. Molestation; inconvenience; annoyance.", "Lest the fiend some new trouble raise.", "3. Uneasiness; vexation.", "4. That which gives disturbance, annoyance or vexation; that which afflicts."], "troubled": ["TROUBLED, pp. trub'ld. Disturbed; agitated; afflicted; annoyed; molested."], "troubling": ["TROUBLING, ppr. trub'ling. Disturbing; agitating; molesting; annoying; afflicting.", "TROUBLING, n. trub'ling. The act of disturbing or putting in commotion. John 5.", "1. The act of afflicting."], "troubler": ["TROUBLER, n. trub'ler. One who disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber; as a troubler of the peace.", "The rich troublers of the world's repose."], "troublous": ["TROUBLOUS, a. trub'lus. Agitated; tumultuous; full of commotion.", "A tall ship toss'd in troublous seas.", "1. Full of trouble or disorder; tumultuous; full of affliction.", "The street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. Dan.9."], "trough": ["TROUGH, n. trauf.", "1. A vessel hollow longitudinally, or a large log or piece of timber excavated longitudinally on the upper side; used for various purposes.", "2. A tray. This is the same word dialectically altered.", "3. A canoe; the rude boat of uncivilized men.", "4. The channel that conveys water, as in mills.", "The trough of the sea, the hollow between waves."], "trow": ["TROW, v.i. To believe; to trust; to think or suppose.", "TROW, is used in the imperative, as a word of inquiry. What means the fool, trow?"], "true": ["TRUE, a.", "1. Conformable to fact; being in accordance with the actual state of things; as a true relation or narration; a true history. A declaration is true, when it states the facts. In this sense, true is opposed to false.", "2. Genuine; pure; real; not counterfeit, adulterated or false; as true balsam; the true bark; true love of country; a true christian.", "--The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John 1.", "3. Faithful; steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince or to the state; loyal; not false, fickle or perfidious; as a true friend; a true lover; a man true to his king, true to his country, true to his word; a husband true to his wife; a wife true to her husband; a servant true to his master; an officer true to his charge.", "4. Free from falsehood; as a true witness.", "5. Honest; not fraudulent; as good men and true.", "If king Edward be as true and just--", "6. Exact; right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; as a true copy; a true likeness of the original.", "7. Straight; right; as a true line; the true course of a ship.", "8. Not false or pretended; real; as, Christ was the true Messiah.", "9. Rightful; as, George IV is the true king of England."], "truly": ["TRU'LY, adv. from true. In fact; in deed; in reality.", "1. According to truth; in agreement with fact; as, to see things truly; the facts are truly represented.", "2. Sincerely; honestly; really; faithfully; as, to be truly attached to a lover. The citizens are truly loyal to their prince or their country.", "3. Exactly; justly; as, to estimate truly the weight of evidence."], "trump": ["TRUMP, n.", "1. A trumpet; a wind instrument of music; a poetical word used for trumpet. It is seldom used in prose, in common discourse; but is used in Scripture, where it seems peculiarly appropriate to the grandeur of the subject.", "At the last trump; for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised. 1 Cor.15. 1 Thess 4.", "2. contracted from triumph. A winning card; one of the suit of cards which takes any of the other suits.", "3. An old game with cares.", "To put to the trumps,", "To put on the trumps, to reduce to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion of power.", "TRUMP, v.i. To take with a trump card.", "1. To obtrude; also, to deceive. Not in use.", "To trump up, to devise; to seek and collect from every quarter.", "TRUMP, v.i. To blow a trumpet."], "trumpet": ["TRUMP'ET, n.", "1. A wind instrument of music, used chiefly in war and military exercises. It is very useful also at sea, in speaking with ships. There is a speaking trumpet, and a hearing trumpet. They both consist of long tubular bodies, nearly in the form of a parabolic conoid, with wide mouths.", "The trumpet's loud clangor", "Excites us to arms.", "2. In the military style, a trumpeter.", "He wisely desired that a trumpet might be first sent for a pass.", "3. One who praises or propagates praise, or is the instrument or propagating it. A great politician was pleased to be the trumpet of his praises.", "TRUMP'ET, v.t. To publish by sound of trumpet; also, to proclaim; as, to trumpet good tidings.", "They did nothing but publish and trumpet all the reproaches they could devise against the Irish."], "trumpeted": ["TRUMP'ETED, pp. Sounded abroad; proclaimed."], "trumpeter": ["TRUMP'ETER, n. One who sounds a trumpet.", "1. One who proclaims, publishes or denounces.", "These men are good trumpeters.", "2. A bird, a variety of the domestic pigeon. Also, a bird of South America, the agami, of the genus Psophia, about the size of the domestic fowl; so called from its uttering a hollow noise, like that of a trumpet."], "trumpeting": ["TRUMP'ETING, ppr. Blowing the trumpet; proclaiming."], "trust": ["TRUST, n.", "1. Confidence; a reliance or resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, justice, friendship or other sound principle of another person.", "He that putteth his trust in the Lord shall be safe. Prov.29.", "2. He or that which is the ground of confidence.", "O Lord God, thou art my trust from my youth. Ps.71.", "3. Charge received in confidence.", "Reward them well, if they observe their trust.", "4. That which is committed to one's care. Never violate a sacred trust.", "5. Confident opinion of any event.", "His trust was with th' Eternal to be deem'd", "Equal in strength.", "6. Credit given without examination; as, to take opinions on trust.", "7. Credit on promise of payment, actual or implied; as, to take or purchase goods on trust.", "8. Something committed to a person's care for use or management, and for which an account must be rendered. Every man's talents and advantages are a trust committed to him by his Maker, and for the use or employment of which he is accountable.", "9. Confidence; special reliance on supposed honesty.", "10. State of him to whom something is entrusted.", "I serve him truly, that will put me in trust.", "11. Care; management. 1 Tim.6.", "12. In law, an estate, devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will of another; an estate held for the use of another.", "TRUST, v.t. To place confidence in; to rely on. We cannot trust those who have deceived us.", "He that trusts every one without reserve, will at last be deceived.", "1. To believe; to credit.", "Trust me, you look well.", "2. To commit to the care of, in confidence. Trust your Maker with yourself and all your concerns.", "3. To venture confidently.", "Fool'd by thee, to trust thee from my side.", "4. To give credit to; to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment. The merchants and manufacturers trust their customers annually with goods to the value of millions.", "It is happier to be sometimes cheated, than not to trust.", "TRUST, v.i. To be confident of something present or future.", "I trust to come to you, and speak face to face. 2 John 12.", "We trust we have a good conscience. Heb.13.", "1. To be credulous; to be won to confidence.", "Well, you may fear too far--", "Safer than trust too far.", "To trust in, to confide in; to place confidence in; to rely on; a use frequent in the Scriptures.", "Trust in the Lord, and do good. Ps.37.", "They shall be greatly ashamed that trust in graven images. Is.42.", "To trust to, to depend on; to have confidence in; to rely on.", "The men of Israel--trusted to the liars in wait. Judges 20."], "trusted": ["TRUST'ED, pp. Confided in; relied on; depended on; applied to persons.", "1. Sold on credit; as goods or property.", "2. Delivered in confidence to the care of another; as letters or goods trusted to a carrier or bailee."], "trusting": ["TRUST'ING, ppr. Confiding in; giving credit; relying on."], "trustingly": ["TRUST'INGLY, adv. With trust or implicit confidence."], "trustiness": ["TRUST'INESS, n. from trusty. That quality of a person by which he deserves the confidence of others; fidelity; faithfulness; honesty; as the trustiness of a servant."], "trusty": ["TRUST'Y, a. That may be safely trusted; that justly deserves confidence; fit to be confided in; as a trusty servant.", "1. That will not fail; strong; firm; as a trusty sword."], "truth": ["TRUTH, n.", "1. Conformity to fact or reality; exact accordance with that which is, or has been, or shall be. The truth of history constitutes its whole value. We rely on the truth of the scriptural prophecies.", "My mouth shall speak truth. Prov.8.", "Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth. John. 17.", "2. True state of facts or things. The duty of a court of justice is to discover the truth. Witnesses are sworn to declare the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.", "3. Conformity of words to thoughts, which is called moral truth.", "Shall truth fail to keep her word?", "4. Veracity; purity from falsehood; practice of speaking truth; habitual disposition to speak truth; as when we say, a man is a man of truth.", "5. Correct opinion.", "6. Fidelity; constancy.", "The thoughts of past pleasure and truth.", "7. Honesty; virtue.", "It must appear", "That malice bears down truth.", "8. Exactness; conformity to rule.", "Plows, to go true, depend much on the truth of the iron work. Not in use.", "9. Real fact of just principle; real state of things. There are innumerable truths with which we are not acquainted.", "10. Sincerity.", "God is a spirit, and they that worship him must worship in spirit and in truth. John 4.", "11. The truth of God, is his veracity and faithfulness. Ps.71.", "Or his revealed will.", "I have walked in thy truth. Ps.26.", "12. Jesus Christ is called the truth. John 14.", "13. It is sometimes used by way of concession.", "She said, truth, Lord; yet the dogs eat of the crums-- Matt 15.", "That is, it is a truth; what you have said, I admit to be true.", "In truth, in reality; in fact.", "Of a truth, in reality; certainly.", "To do truth, is to practice what God commands. John 3."], "truthful": ["TRUTHFUL, a. Full of truth."], "try": ["TRY, v.i. To exert strength; to endeavor; to make an effort; to attempt. Try to learn; try to lift a weight. The horses tried to draw the load. These phrases give the true sense.", "TRY, v.t. To examine; to make experiment on; to prove by experiment.", "Come, try upon yourselves what you have seen me.", "1. To experience; to have knowledge by experience of.", "Or try the Libyan heat, or Scythian cold.", "2. To prove by a test; as, to try weights and measures by a standard; to try one's opinions by the divine oracles.", "3. To act upon as a test.", "The fire sev'n times tried this.", "4. To examine judicially by witnesses and the principles of law; as causes tried in court.", "5. To essay; to attempt.", "Let us try advent'rous work.", "6. To purify; to refine; as silver seven times tried.", "7. To search carefully into. Ps.11.", "8. To use as means; as, to try remedies for a disease.", "9. To strain; as, to try the eyes; the literal sense of the word.", "To try tallow, &c. is to melt and separate it from the membranes.", "To tryout, to pursue efforts till a decision is obtained."], "trying": ["TRY'ING, ppr. Exerting strength; attempting.", "1. Examining by searching or comparison with a test; proving; using; straining, &c.", "2. a. Adapted to try, or put to severe trial."], "tumble": ["TUM'BLE, v.i. L. tumulus, tumultus, tumeo.", "1. To roll; to roll about by turning one way and the other; as, a person in pain tumbles and tosses.", "2. To fall; to come down suddenly and violently; as, to tumble from a scaffold.", "3. To roll down. The stone of Sisyphus is said to have tumbled to the bottom, as soon as it was carried up the hill.", "4. To play mountebank tricks.", "TUM'BLE, v.t. To turn over; to turn or throw about for examination or searching; sometimes with over; as, to tumble over books or papers; to tumble over clothes. To tumble over in thought, is not elegant.", "1. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed.", "To tumble out, to throw or roll out; as, to tumble out casks from a store.", "To tumble down, to throw down carelessly.", "TUM'BLE, n. A fall."], "tumbled": ["TUM'BLED, pp. Rolled; disturbed; rumpled; thrown down."], "tumbling": ["TUM'BLING, ppr. Rolling about; falling; disturbing; rumpling.", "Tumbling-home, in a ship, is the inclination of the top-sides from a perpendicular, towards the center of the ship; or the part of a ship which falls inward above the extreme breadth."], "tumult": ["TU'MULT, n. L. tumultus, a derivative from tumeo, to swell.", "1. The commotion, disturbance or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar and confusion of voices.", "What meaneth the noise of this tumult? 1 Sam 4.", "Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose.", "2. Violent commotion or agitation with confusion of sounds; as the tumult of the elements.", "3. Agitation; high excitement; irregular or confused motion; as the tumult of the spirits or passions.", "4. Bustle; stir.", "TU'MULT, v.i. To make a tumult; to be in great commotion."], "tumultuate": ["TUMULT'UATE, v.i. L. tumultuo. To make a tumult. Not used."], "tumultuation": ["TUMULTUA'TION, n. Commotion; irregular or disorderly movement; as the tumultuation of the parts of a fluid."], "tumultuous": ["TUMULT'UOUS, a. Conducted with tumult; disorderly; as a tumultuous conflict; a tumultuous retreat.", "1. Greatly agitated; irregular; noisy; confused; as a tumultuous assembly or meeting.", "2. Agitated; disturbed; as a tumultuous breast.", "3. Turbulent; violent; as a tumultuous speech.", "4. Full of tumult and disorder; as a tumultuous state or city."], "tumultuously": ["TUMULT'UOUSLY, adv. In a disorderly manner; by a disorderly multitude."], "tumultuousness": ["TUMULT'UOUSNESS, n. The state of being tumultuous; disorder; commotion."], "turn": ["TURN, v.t. L. turnus; torniare, to turn; tornare, to return; torneare, tornire, to turn, to fence round, to tilt; torniamento, tournament.", "1. To cause to move in a circular course; as, to turn a wheel; to turn a spindle; to turn the body.", "2. To change or shift sides; to put the upper side downwards, or one side in the place of the other. It is said a hen turns her eggs often when sitting.", "3. To alter, as a position.", "Expert", "When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway of battle.", "4. To cause to preponderate; to change the state of a balance; as, to turn the scale.", "5. To bring the inside out; as,to turn a coat.", "6. To alter, as the posture of the body, or direction of the look.", "The monarch turns him to his royal guest.", "7. To form on a lathe; to make round.", "8. To form; to shape; used in the participle; as a body finely turned.", "Him limbs how turn'd.", "9. To change; to transform; as,to turn evil to good; to turn goods into money.", "Impatience turns an ague into a fever.", "I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. 2 Sam.15.", "10. To metamorphose; as, to turn a worm into a winged insect.", "11. To alter or change, as color; as, to turn green to blue.", "12. To change or alter in any manner; to vary.", "13. To translate; as, to turn Greek into English.", "--Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown.", "14. To change, as the manner of writing; as,to turn prose into verse.", "15. To change, as from one opinion or party to another; as, to turn one from a tory to whig; to turn Mohammedan or a pagan to a Christian.", "16. To change in regard to inclination or temper.", "Turn thee to me, and have mercy upon me. Ps.25.", "17. To change or alter from one purpose or effect to another.", "God will make these evils the occasion of greater good, by turning them to our advantage.", "18. To transfer.", "Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom to David. 1 Chron 10.", "19. To cause to nauseate or lothe; as, to turn the stomach.", "20. To make giddy.", "Eastern priests in giddy circles run,", "And turn their heads to imitate the sun.", "21. To infatuate; to make mad, wild or enthusiastic; as, to turn the brain.", "22. To change direction to or from any point; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn the eyes from a disgusting spectacle.", "23. To direct by a change to a certain purpose or object; to direct, as the inclination, thoughts or mind. I have turned my mind to the subject.", "My thoughts are turn'd on peace.", "24. To revolve; to agitate in the mind.", "Turn those ideas about in your mind.", "25. To bend from a perpendicular direction; as, to turn the edge of an instrument.", "26. To move from a direct course or strait line; to cause to deviate; as, to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course.", "27. To apply by a change of use.", "When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle.", "28. To reverse.", "The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee. Deut.30.", "29. To keep passing and changing in the course of trade; as, to turn money or stock two or three times in the year.", "30. To adapt the mind; chiefly in the participle.", "He was perfectly well turned for trade.", "31. To make acid; to sour; as, to turn cider or wine; to turn milk.", "32. To persuade to renounce an opinion; to dissuade from a purpose, or cause to change sides. You cannot turn a firm man.", "To turn aside, to avert.", "To turn away, to dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away a servant.", "1. To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil.", "To turn back, to return; as, to turn back goods to the seller. Little used.", "To turn down, to fold or double down.", "To turn in, to fold or double; as, to turn in the edge of cloth.", "To turn off, to dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant or parasite.", "1. To give over; to resign. We are not so wholly turned off from that reversion.", "2. To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects.", "To be turned of, to be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty six.", "To turn out, to drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of doors, or out of the house.", "1. To put to pasture; as cattle or horses.", "To turn over, to change sides; to roll over.", "1. To transfer; as, to turn over a business to another hand.", "2. To open and examine one leaf after another; as, to turn over a concordance.", "3. To overset.", "turn to, to have recourse to.", "Helvetius' tables may be turned to on all occasions.", "To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself.", "To turn the back, to flee; to retreat. Ex.23.", "To turn the back upon, to quit with contempt; to forsake.", "To turn the die or dice, to change fortune.", "TURN, v.i. To move round; to have a circular motion; as, a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel.", "1. To be directed.", "The understanding turns inwards on itself, and reflects on its own operations.", "2. To show regard by directing the look towards any thing.", "Turn mighty monarch, turn this way;", "Do not refuse to hear.", "3. To move the body round. He turned to me with a smile.", "4. To move; to change posture. Let your body be at rest; do not turn in the least.", "5. To deviate; as, to turn from the road or course.", "6. To alter; to be changed or transformed; as, wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another.", "7. To become by change; as, the fur of certain animals turns in winter.", "Cygnets from gray turn white.", "8. To change sides. A man in a fever turns often.", "9. To change opinions or parties; as, to turn Christian or Mohammedan.", "10. To change the mind or conduct.", "Turn from thy fierce wrath. Ex.32.", "11. To change to acid; as,mild turns suddenly during a thunder storm.", "12. To be brought eventually; to result or terminate in. This trade has not turned to much account or advantage. The application of steam turns to good account, both on land and water.", "13. To depend on for decision. The question turns on a single fact or point.", "14. To become giddy.", "I'll look no more,", "Lest my brain turn.", "15. To change a course of life; to repent.", "Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways, for why will ye die? Ezek. 33.", "16. To change the course or direction; as, the tide turns.", "To turn about, to move the face to another quarter.", "To turn away, to deviate.", "1. To depart from; to forsake.turn in, to bend inwards.", "1. To enter for lodgings or entertainment. Gen.19.", "2. To go to bed.", "To turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course. The road turns off to the left.", "To turn on or upon, to reply or retort.", "1. To depend on.", "To turn out, to move from its place, as a bone.", "1. To bend outwards; to project.", "2. To rise from bed; also, to come abroad.", "To turn over, to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble.", "1. To change sides or parties.", "To turn to, to be directed; as, the needle turns to the magnetic pole.", "To turn under, to bend or be folded downwards.", "To turn up, to bend or be doubled upwards.", "TURN, n. The act of turning; movement or motion in a circular direction, whether horizontally, vertically or otherwise; a revolution; as the turn of a wheel.", "1. A winding; a meandering course; a bend or bending; as the turn of river.", "2. A walk to and from.", "I will take a turn in your garden.", "3. Change; alteration; vicissitude; as the turns and varieties of passions.", "Too well the turns of mortal chance I know.", "4. Successive course.", "Nobleness and bounty--which virtues had their turns in the king's nature.", "5. Manner of proceeding; change of direction. This affair may take a different turn from that which we expect.", "6. Chance; hap; opportunity.", "Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases.", "7. Occasion; incidental opportunity.", "An old dog falling from his speed, was loaded at every turn with blows and reproaches.", "8. Time at which, by successive vicissitudes, any thing is to be had or done. They take each other's turn.", "His turn will come to laugh at you again.", "9. Action of kindness or malice.", "Thanks are half lost when good turns are delay'd.", "Some malicious natures place their delight in doing ill turns.", "10. Reigning inclination or course. Religion is not to be adapted to the turn and fashion of the age.", "11. A step off the ladder at the gallows.", "12. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as, this will not serve his turn.", "13. Form; cast; shape; manner; in a literal or figurative sense; as the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation.", "The turn of his thoughts and expression is unharmonious.", "Female virtues are of a domestic turn.", "The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often mention the turn of his neck and arms.", "14. Manner of arranging words in a sentence.", "15. Change; new position of things. Some evil happens at every turn of affairs.", "16. Change of direction; as the turn of the tide from flood to ebb.", "17. One round of a rope or cord.", "18. In mining, a pit sunk in some part of a drift.", "19. Turn or tourn, in law. The sheriff's turn is a court of record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred within his county. England.", "By turns, one after another; alternately.", "They assist each other by turns.", "1. At intervals.", "They feel by turns the bitter change.", "To take turns, to take each other's places alternately."], "turned": ["TURN'ED, pp. Moved in a circle; changed."], "turning": ["TURN'ING, ppr. Moving in a circle; changing; winding.", "TURN'ING, n. A winding; a bending course; flexure; meander.", "1. Deviation from the way or proper course."], "turtle": ["TUR'TLE, n. L. turtur.", "1. A fowl of the genus Columba; called also the turtle dove, and turtle pigeon. It is a wild species, frequenting the thickest parts of the woods, and its note is plaintive and tender.", "2. The name sometimes given to the common tortoise.", "3. The name given to the large sea-tortoise."], "tutor": ["TU'TOR, n. L. from tuero, to defend.", "1. In the civil law, a guardian; one who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate.", "2. One who has the care of instructing another in various branches or in any branch of human learning. Some gentlemen employ a tutor to teach in their families, others to attend a son in his travels.", "3. In universities and colleges, an officer or member of some hall, who has the charge of instructing the students in the sciences and other branches of learning.", "In the American colleges, tutors are graduates selected by the governors or trustees, for the instruction of undergraduates of the three first years. They are usually officers of the institution, who have a share, with the president and professors, in the government of the students.", "TU'TOR, v.t. To teach; to instruct.", "1. To treat with authority or severity.", "2. To correct."], "tutored": ["TU'TORED, pp. Instructed; corrected; disciplined."], "tutoring": ["TU'TORING, ppr. Teaching; directing; correcting.", "TU'TORING, n. The act of instructing; education."], "twain": ["TWAIN, a. or n. Two.", "When old winter splits the rocks in twain.", "Nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque."], "twelfth": ["TWELFTH, a. The second after the tenth; the ordinal of twelve."], "twelve": ["TWELVE, a. twelv. The sum of two and ten; twice six; a dozen. Twelve men compose a petty jury."], "twentieth": ["TWEN'TIETH, a. The ordinal of twenty; as the twentieth year."], "twenty": ["TWEN'TY, a. L. decem.", "1. Twice ten; as twenty men; twenty years.", "2. Proverbially, an indefinite number.", "Maximilian, upon twenty respects, could not have been the man."], "twice": ["TWICE, adv. from two. Two times.", "He twice essay'd to cast his son in gold.", "1. Doubly; as twice the sum. He is twice as fortunate as his neighbor.", "2. Twice is used in composition; as in twice-told, twice-born, twice-planted, twice-conquered."], "twig": ["TWIG, n. L. vigeo, with a prefix. A small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant, of no definite length or size.", "The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on the outside with hides."], "twilight": ["TWI'LIGHT, n.", "1. The faint light which is reflected upon the earth after sunset and before sunrise; crepuscular light. In latitudes remote from the equator, the twilight is of much longer duration than at and near the equator.", "2. Dubious or uncertain view; as the twilight or probability.", "TWI'LIGHT, a. Obscure; imperfectly illuminated; shaded.", "O'er the twilight groves and dusky caves.", "1. Seen or done by twilight."], "twin": ["TWIN, n.", "1. One of two young produced at a birth by an animal that ordinarily brings but one; used mostly in the plural, twins; applied to the young of beasts, as well as to human beings.", "2. A sign of the zodiac; Gemini.", "3. One very much resembling another.", "TWIN, a. Noting one of two born at a birth; as a twin brother or sister.", "1. Very much resembling.", "2. In botany, swelling out into two protuberances, as an anther or germ.", "TWIN, v.i. To be born at the same birth.", "1. To bring two at once.", "2. To be paired; to be suited. This verb is little used.", "TWIN, v.t. To separate into two parts."], "twinned": ["TWIN'NED, a. from twin. Produced at one birth, like twins; united."], "twine": ["TWINE, v.t.", "1. To twist; to wind, as one thread or cord around another, or as any flexible substance around another, or as any flexible substance around another body; as fine twined linen. Ex.39.", "2. To unite closely; to cling to; to embrace.", "3. To gird; to wrap closely about.", "Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine.", "TWINE, v.i. To unite closely, or by interposition of parts.", "Friends now fast sworn, who twine in love--", "1. To wind; to bend; to make turns.", "As rivers, though they bend and twine--", "2. To turn round; as,her spindles twine.", "TWINE, n. A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together; used for binding small parcels, and for sewing sails to their bolt-ropes, &c. Twine of a stronger kind is used for nets.", "1. A twist; a convolution; as Typhon's snaky twine.", "2. Embrace; act of winding round."], "twined": ["TWI'NED, pp. Twisted; wound round."], "twining": ["TWI'NING, ppr. Twisting; winding round; uniting closely to; embracing.", "1. In botany, ascending spirally around a branch, stem or prop."], "twinkle": ["TWIN'KLE, v.i.", "1. To sparkle; to flash at intervals; to shine with a tremulous intermitted light, or with a broken quivering light. The fixed stars twinkle; the planets do not.", "These stars do not twinkle, when viewed through telescopes that have large apertures.", "2. To open and shut the eye by turns; as the twinkling owl.", "3. To play irregularly; as, her eyes will twinkle.", "TWIN'KLE"], "twinkling": ["TWIN'KLING, n. A sparkling; a shining with intermitted light; as the twinkling of the stars.", "1. A motion of the eye.", "2. A moment; an instant; the time of a wink.", "In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump--the dead shall be raised incorruptible. 1 Cor.15.", "TWIN'KLING, ppr. Sparkling."], "two": ["TWO, a. L. duo.", "1. One and one. Two similar horses used together, are called a span, or a pair.", "2. Two is used in composition; as in two-legged. Man is a two-legged animal."], "twoedged": ["TWOEDGED, a. Having two edges, or edges on both sides; as a two-edged sword."], "twofold": ["TWOFOLD, a. two and fold. Two of the same kind, or two different things existing together; as twofold nature; a twofold sense; a twofold argument.", "1. Double; as twofold strength or desire.", "2. In botany, two and two together, growing form the same place; as twofold leaves.", "TWOFOLD, adv. Doubly; in a double degree. Matt.23."], "unaccustomed": ["UNACCUS'TOMED, a.", "1. Not accustomed; not used; not made familiar; not habituated; as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke. Jer. 31.", "2. New; not usual; not made familiar; as unaccustomed air; unaccustomed ideas."], "unadvisedly": ["UNADVI'SEDLY, adv. s as z. Imprudently; indiscreetly; rashly; without due consideration."], "unaware": ["UNAWA'RE, a. Without thought, inattentive.", "UNAWA'RE,"], "unawares": ["UNAWA'RES, adv.", "1. Suddenly; unexpectedly; without previous preparation. The evil came upon us unawares.", "2. Without premeditated design. He killed the man unawares.", "At unawares, unexpectedly.", "He breaks at unawares upon our walks."], "unbelief": ["UNBELIE'F, n.", "1. Incredulity; the withholding of belief; as, unbelief is blind.", "2. Infidelity; disbelief of divine revelation.", "3. In the New Testament, disbelief of the truth of the gospel, rejection of Christ as the Savior of men, and of the doctrines he taught; distrust of God's promises and faithfulness, &c. Matt. 13. Mark 16. Heb. 3. Rom. 4.", "4. Weak faith. Mark 9."], "unbelieve": ["UNBELIE'VE, v.t.", "1. To discredit; not to believe or trust.", "2. Not to think real or true."], "unbelieved": ["UNBELIE'VED, pp. Not believed; discredited."], "unbeliever": ["UNBELIE'VER, n.", "1. An incredulous person; one who does not believe.", "2. An infidel; one who discredits revelation, or the mission, character and doctrines of Christ. 2Cor. 6."], "unbelieving": ["UNBELIE'VING, a.", "1. Not believing; incredulous.", "2. Infidel; discrediting divine revelation, or the mission, character and doctrines of Christ; as the unbelieving Jews. Acts 14. Rev. 21."], "unblamable": ["UNBLA'MABLE, a. Not blamable; not culpable; innocent."], "unblamableness": ["UNBLA'MABLENESS, n. State of being chargeable with no blame or fault."], "unblamably": ["UNBLA'MABLY, adv. In such a manner as to incur no blame. 1Thess. 2."], "unblamed": ["UNBLA'MED, a. Not blamed; free from censure."], "uncertain": ["UNCER'TAIN, a.", "1. Not certain; doubtful; not certainly known. it is uncertain who will be the next president.", "2. Doubtful; not having certain knowledge.", "man without the protection of a superior Being - is uncertain of every thing that he hopes for.", "3. Not sure in the consequence.", "Or whistling slings dismiss'd the uncertain stone.", "4. Not sure; not exact.", "Soon bent his bow, uncertain in his aim.", "5. Unsettled; irregular."], "uncertainly": ["UNCER'TAINLY, adv.", "1. Not surely; not certainly.", "2. Not confidently.", "- Standards that cannot be known at all, or but imperfectly and uncertainly."], "unchangeable": ["UNCHANGEABLE, a. Not capable of change; immutable; not subject to variation. god is an unchangeable being."], "unchangeableness": ["UNCHANGEABLENESS, n. The state or quality of being subject to no change; immutability."], "unchangeably": ["UNCHANGEABLY, adv. Without change; immutably."], "unchanged": ["UNCHANGED, a.", "1. Not changed or altered.", "2. Not alterable."], "unchanging": ["UNCHANGING, a. Not changing; suffering no alteration."], "uncircumcised": ["UNCIR'CUMCISED, a. s as z. Not circumcised."], "uncircumcision": ["UNCIRCUMCI'SION, n. Absence or want of circumcision."], "uncle": ["UN'CLE, n. L. avunculus. The brother of one's father or mother."], "unclean": ["UNCLE'AN, a.", "1. Not clean; foul; dirty; filthy.", "2. In the Jewish law, ceremonially impure; not cleansed by ritual practices. Num. 19. Lev. 11. Rom. 14.", "3. Foul with sin. Matt. 10.", "That holy place where no unclean thing shall enter.", "4. Not in covenant with God. 1Cor. 7.", "5. Lewd; unchaste.", "Adultery of the heart, consisting of inordinate and unclean affections.", "No unclean person - hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God. Eph. 5."], "uncleanable": ["UNCLE'ANABLE, a. That cannot be cleansed."], "uncleanness": ["UNCLE'ANNESS, n.", "1. Foulness; dirtiness; filthiness.", "Be not troublesome to thyself or to others by uncleanness.", "2. Want of ritual or ceremonial purity. Lev. 15.", "3. Moral impurity; defilement by sin; sinfulness.", "I will save you from all your uncleanness. Ezek. 36.", "4. Lewdness; incontinence. Col. 3. 2Peter 2."], "unclothe": ["UNCLO'THE, v.t. To strip of clothes; to make naked; to divest.", "To have a distinct knowledge of things, we must unclothe them."], "unclothed": ["UNCLO'THED, pp. Stripped of clothing or covering.", "Nor for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon.", "2Cor. 5."], "unclothing": ["UNCLO'THING, ppr. Stripping of clothing."], "uncomely": ["UNCOMELY, a.", "1. Not comely; wanting grace; as an uncomely person; uncomely dress; uncomely manners.", "2. Unseemly; unbecoming; unsuitable."], "uncondemned": ["UNCONDEM'NED, a.", "1. Not condemned; not judged guilty.", "- A man that is a Roman, and uncondemned. Act. 22.", "2. Not disapproved; not pronounced criminal; as a practice yet uncondemned."], "uncorrupt": ["UNCORRUPT', a. Not corrupt; not depraved; not perverted; not tainted with wickedness; not influenced by iniquitous interest; as an uncorrupt judgment; uncorrupt manners."], "uncorrupted": ["UNCORRUPT'ED, a. Not corrupted; not vitiated; not depraved; as the dictates of uncorrupted reason; uncorrupted records."], "uncorruptible": ["UNCORRUPT'IBLE, a. That cannot be corrupted. But incorruptible is the word now used."], "uncorruptness": ["UNCORRUPT'NESS, n. Integrity; uprightness. Titus 2."], "uncover": ["UNCOVER, v.t.", "1. To divest of a cover; to remove any covering from; a word of general use.", "2. To deprive of clothes; to strip; to make naked.", "3. To unroof; as a building.", "4. To take off the hat or cap; to bare the head.", "5. To strip of a vail, or of any thing that conceals; to lay open; to disclose to view."], "uncovered": ["UNCOVERED, pp. Divested of a covering or clothing; laid open to view; made bare."], "uncovering": ["UNCOVERING, ppr. Divesting of a cover or of clothes; stripping of a vail; laying open to view."], "unction": ["UNC'TION, n. L. unctio, from ungo, to anoint.", "1. The act of anointing.", "2. Unguent; ointment. Unusual.", "3. The act of anointing medically; as mercurial unction.", "4. Any thing softening or lenitive.", "5. That which excites piety and devotion.", "6. Richness of gracious affections.", "7. Divine or sanctifying grace. 1John 1.", "Extreme unction, the rite of anointing in the last hours; or the application of sacred oil to the parts where the five senses reside."], "undefiled": ["UNDEFI'LED, a. Not defiled; not polluted; not vitiated."], "under": ["UNDER, prep.", "1. Beneath; below; so as to have something over or above. He stood under a tree; the carriage is under cover. We may see things under water; we have a cellar under the whole house.", "2. In a state of pupilage or subjection; as a youth under a tutor; a ward under a guardian; colonies under the British government.", "I also am a man under authority, having soldiers under me. Matt. 8.", "3. In a less degree than. The effect of medicine is sometimes under and sometimes above or over its natural strength.", "4. For less than. He would not sell the horse under forty pounds.", "5. Less than; below. There are parishes in England under forty pounds a year.", "6. With the pretense of; with the cover or pretext of. He does this under the name of love. This argument is not to be evaded under some plausible distinction.", "7. With less than.", "Several young men could never leave the pulpit under half a dozen conceits.", "8. In a degree, state or rank inferior to.", "It was too great an honor for any man under a duke.", "9. In a state of being loaded; in a state of bearing or being burdened; as, to travel under a heavy load; to live under extreme oppression.", "10. In a state of oppression or subjection to, the state in which a person is considered as bearing or having any thing laid upon him; as, to have fortitude under the evils of life; to have patience under pain, or under misfortunes; to behave like a christian under reproaches and injuries.", "11. In a state of liability or obligation. No man shall trespass but under the pains and penalties of the law. Attend to the conditions under which you enter upon your office. We are under the necessity of obeying the laws. Nuns are under vows of chastity. We all lie under the curse of the law, until redeemed by Christ.", "12. In the state of bearing and being known by; as men trading under the firm of Wright & Co.", "13. In the state of; in the enjoyment or possession of. We live under the gospel dispensation.", "14. During the time of. The American revolution commenced under the administration of lord North.", "15. Not having reached or arrived to; below. He left three sons under age.", "16. Represented by; in the form of. Morpheus is represented under the figure of a boy asleep. But morph, in Ethiopic, signifies cessation, rest.", "17. In the state of protection or defense. Under favor of the prince, our author was promoted. The enemy landed under cover of their batteries.", "18. As bearing a particular character.", "The duke may be mentioned under the double capacity of a poet and a divine.", "19. Being contained or comprehended in.", "Under this head may be mentioned the contests between the popes and the secular princes.", "20. Attested by; signed by. Here is a deed under his hand and seal.", "He has left us evidence under his own hand.", "21. In a state of being handled, treated or discussed, or of being the subject of. The bill is now under discussion. We shall have the subject under consideration next week.", "22. In subordination to. Under God, this is our only safety.", "23. In subjection or bondage to; ruled or influenced by; in a moral sense; within the dominion of.", "They are all under sin. Rom. 3.", "Under a signature, bearing, as a name or title.", "Under way, in seamen's language, moving; in a condition to make progress.", "To keep under, to hold in subjection or control; to restrain.", "I keep under my body. 1Cor. 9."], "undergird": ["UNDERGIRD', v.t. See Gird. To bind below; to gird round the bottom. Acts 27."], "underneath": ["UNDERNE'ATH, adv. under and neath. See Nether.", "Beneath; below; in a lower place.", "Or sullen Mole that runneth underneath.", "The slate did not lie flat upon it, but left a free passage underneath.", "UNDERNE'ATH, prep. Under; beneath.", "Underneath this stone doth lie. As much beauty as could die."], "undersetter": ["UNDERSET'TER, n. A prop; a pedestal; a support. 1Kings 7."], "understand": ["UNDERSTAND', v.t. pret. and pp. understood. under and stand. The sense is to support or hold in the mind.", "1. To have just and adequate ideas of; to comprehend; to know; as, to understand a problem in Euclid; to understand a proposition or a declaration.", "2. To have the same ideas as the person who speaks, or the ideas which a person intends to communicate. I understood the preacher; the court perfectly understand the advocate or his argument.", "3. To receive or have the ideas expressed or intended to be conveyed in a writing or book; to know the meaning. It is important that we should understand the sacred oracles.", "4. To know the meaning or signs, or of anything intended to convey ideas; as, to understand a nod, a wink, or a motion.", "5. To suppose to mean.", "The most learned interpreters understood the words of sin, and not of Abel.", "6. To know by experience.", "7. To know by instinct.", "-Amorous intent, well understood.", "8. To interpret, at least mentally.", "9. To know another's meaning.", "10. To hold in opinion with conviction.", "11. To mean without expressing.", "War then, war, open or understood must be resolv'd.", "12. To know what is not expressed.", "I bring them to receive from thee their names, and pay thee fealty with low subjection; understand the same of fish.", "13. To learn; to be informed. I understand that congress have passed the bill.", "UNDERSTAND', v.i.", "1. To have the use of the intellectual faculties; to be an intelligent and conscious being.", "All my soul be imparadis'd in you, in whom alone I understand, and grow, and see.", "2. To be informed by another; to learn.", "I understood of the evil that Eliashib did. Neh. 13."], "understandable": ["UNDERSTAND'ABLE, a. That can be understood. Not much used."], "understander": ["UNDERSTAND'ER, n. One who understands or knows by experience. Little used."], "understanding": ["UNDERSTAND'ING, ppr.", "1. Comprehending; apprehending the ideas or sense of another, or of a writing; learning or being informed.", "2. a. Knowing; skillful. He is an understanding man.", "UNDERSTAND'ING, n.", "1. The faculty of the human mind by which it apprehends the real state of things presented to it, or by which it receives or comprehends the ideas which others express and intend to communicate. The understanding is called also the intellectual faculty. It is the faculty by means of which we obtain a great part of our knowledge. Luke 24. Eph. 1.", "By understanding I mean that faculty whereby we are enabled to apprehend the objects of knowledge, generals or particulars, absent or present, and to judge of their truth or falsehood, good or evil.", "There is a spirit in man, and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth him understanding. Job. 32.", "2. Knowledge; exact comprehension.", "Right understanding consists in the perception of the visible or probably agreement or disagreement of ideas.", "3. Intelligence between two or more persons; agreement of minds; union of sentiments. There is a good understanding between the minister and his people."], "understandingly": ["UNDERSTAND'INGLY, adv. Intelligibly; with full knowledge or comprehension of a question or subject; as, to vote upon a question understandingly; to act or judge understandingly.", "The gospel may be neglected, but it cannot be understandingly disbelieved."], "understood": ["UNDERSTOOD', pret. and pp. of understand."], "undertakable": ["UNDERTA'KABLE, a. That may be undertaken. Not in use."], "undertake": ["UNDERTA'KE, v.t. pret. undertook; pp. undertaken. under and take.", "1. To engage in; to enter upon; to take in hand; to begin to perform. When I undertook this work, I had a very inadequate knowledge of the extent of my labors.", "2. To covenant or contract to perform or execute. A man undertakes to erect a house, or to make a mile of canal, when he enters into stipulations for that purpose.", "3. To attempt; as when a man undertakes what he cannot perform.", "4. To assume a character. Not in use.", "5. To engage with; to attack.", "Your lordship should not undertake every companion you offend. Not in use.", "6. To have the charge of.", "- Who undertakes you to your end. Not in use.", "UNDERTA'KE, v.i.", "1. To take upon or assume any business or province.", "O Lord, I am oppressed; undertake for me. Is. 38.", "2. To venture; to hazard. They dare not undertake.", "3. To promise; to be bound.", "I dare undertake they will not lose their labor.", "To undertake for, to be bound; to become surety for."], "undertaker": ["UNDERTA'KER, n.", "1. One who undertakes; one who engages in any project or business.", "2. One who stipulates or covenants to perform any work for another.", "3. One who manages funerals."], "undertaking": ["UNDERTA'KING, ppr. Engaging in; taking in hand; beginning to perform; stipulating to execute.", "UNDERTA'KING, n. Any business, work or project which a person engages in, or attempts to perform; an enterprise. The canal, or the making of the canal, from the Hudson to lake Erie, a distance of almost four hundred miles, was the greatest undertaking of the kind in modern times. The attempt to find a navigable passage to the Pacific round North America, is a hazardous undertaking, and probably useless to navigation."], "undertook": ["UNDERTOOK', pret of undertake."], "undo": ["UNDO, v.t. pret. undid; pp. undone.", "1. To reverse what has been done; to annul; to bring to naught any transaction. We can undo many kinds of work; but we cannot undo crimes, errors or faults.", "Tomorrow ere the setting sun, she'd all undo what she had done.", "2. To loose; to open; to take to pieces; to unravel; to unfasten; to untie; as, to undo a knot.", "3. To ruin; to bring to poverty; to impoverish. Many are undone by unavoidable losses; but more undo themselves by vices and dissipation, or by indolence.", "4. To ruin, in a moral sense; to bring to everlasting destruction and misery.", "5. To ruin in reputation."], "undoing": ["UNDOING, ppr. Reversing what has been done; ruining.", "UNDOING, n.", "1. The reversal of what has been done.", "2. Ruin; destruction."], "undone": ["UNDONE, pp.", "1. Reversed; annulled.", "2. Ruined; destroyed.", "When the legislature is corrupted, the people are undone.", "3. a. Not done; not performed; not executed. We are apt to leave undone what we ought to do."], "undress": ["UNDRESS', v.t", "1. To divest of clothes; to strip.", "2. To divest of ornaments, or the attire of ostentation; to disrobe."], "undressed": ["UNDRESS'ED, pp.", "1. Divested of dress; disrobed.", "2. a. Not dressed; not attired.", "3. Not prepared; as meat undressed.", "4. Not pruned; not trimmed; not put in order; as an undressed vineyard."], "unequable": ["UNE'QUABLE, a. Different from itself; different at different times; not uniform; diverse; as unequable motions; unequable months or seasons."], "unequal": ["UNE'QUAL, a. L. inaequalis.", "1. Not equal; not even; not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, &c.; as men of unequal stature; houses of unequal dimensions.", "2. Not equal in strength, talents, acquirements, &c.; inferior.", "3. Not equal in age or station; inferior.", "4. Insufficient; inadequate. His strength is unequal to the task.", "5. Partial; unjust; not furnishing equivalents to the different parties; as an unequal peace; an unequal bargain.", "6. Disproportioned; ill matched.", "Against unequal arms to fight in pain.", "7. Not regular; not uniform; as unequal pulsations.", "8. In botany, having the parts not corresponding in size, but in proportion only, as a corol; rugged, not even or smooth, as the surface of a leaf or stem.", "An unequal leaf, is when the two halves separated by the mid-rib, are unequal in dimensions, and their bases not parallel; called also an oblique leaf."], "unequaled": ["UNE'QUALED, a. Not to be equaled; unparalleled; unrivaled; in a good or bad sense; as unequaled excellence; unequaled ingratitude or baseness."], "unequally": ["UNE'QUALLY, adv.", "1. Not equally; in different degrees; in disproportion to each other.", "2. Not with like sentiments, temper or religious opinions or habits. 2Cor. 6."], "unequalness": ["UNE'QUALNESS, n. State of being unequal; inequality."], "unfaithful": ["UNFA'ITHFUL, a.", "1. Not observant of promises, vows, allegiance or duty; violating trust or confidence; treacherous; perfidious; as an unfaithful subject; an unfaithful husband or wife; an unfaithful servant; an unfaithful bailee or agent.", "2. Not performing the proper duty.", "My feet through wine unfaithful to their weight -", "3. Impious; infidel.", "4. Negligent of duty; as an unfaithful workman."], "unfaithfulness": ["UNFA'ITHFULNESS, n. Neglect or violation of vows, promises, allegiance or other duty; breach of confidence or trust reposed; perfidiousness; treachery; as the unfaithfulness of a subject to his prince or the state; the unfaithfulness of a husband to his wife, or of a wife to her husband; the unfaithfulness of an agent, servant or officer."], "unfaithfully": ["UNFA'ITHFULLY, adv.", "1. In violation of promises, vows or duty; treacherously; perfidiously.", "2. Negligently; imperfectly; as work unfaithfully done."], "unfeigned": ["UNFEIGNED, a. Not feigned; not counterfeit; not hypocritical; real; sincere; as unfeigned piety to God; unfeigned love to man."], "unfruitful": ["UNFRUITFUL, a.", "1. Not producing fruit; barren; as an unfruitful tree.", "2. Not producing off-spring; not prolific; barren; as an unfruitful female.", "3. Not producing good effects or works; as an unfruitful life.", "4. Unproductive; not fertile; as an unfruitful soil."], "unfruitfulness": ["UNFRUITFULNESS, n. Barrenness; infecundity; unproductiveness; applied to persons or things."], "ungird": ["UNGIRD', v.t. See Gird. To loose from a girdle or band; to unbind. Gen. 24."], "ungirded": ["UNGIRD'ED, pp. Loosed from a girth or band."], "ungirding": ["UNGIRD'ING, ppr. Loosing from a girdle or band."], "ungodliness": ["UNGOD'LINESS, n. Impiety; wickedness; disregard of God and his commands and neglect of his worship; or any positive act of disobedience or irreverence.", "The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness. Rom. 1."], "ungodly": ["UNGOD'LY, a.", "1. Wicked; impious; neglecting the fear and worship of God, or violating his commands. 1Peter 4.", "2. Sinful; contrary to the divine commands; as ungodly deeds. Jude 4.", "3. Polluted by wickedness; as an ungodly day."], "unholiness": ["UNHO'LINESS, n.", "1. Want of holiness; an unsanctified state of the heart.", "2. Impiety; wickedness; profaneness."], "unholy": ["UNHO'LY, a.", "1. Not holy; not renewed and sanctified. 2Timothy 3.", "2. Profane; not hallowed; not consecrated; common. Heb. 10.", "3. Impious; wicked.", "4. Not ceremonially purified. Lev. 10."], "unicorn": ["U'NICORN, n. L. unicornis; unus, one, and cornu, horn.", "1. an animal with one horn; the monoceros. this name is often applied to the rhinoceros.", "2. The sea unicorn is a fish of the whale kind, called narwal, remarkable for a horn growing out at his nose.", "3. A fowl.", "fossil unicorn, or fossil unicorn's horn, a substance used in medicine, a terrene crustaceous spar."], "unicornous": ["UNICORN'OUS, a. Having only one horn."], "unit": ["U'NIT, n. L. unus, one; unitas, unity.", "1. One; a word which denotes a single thing or person; the least whole number.", "Units are the integral parts of any large number.", "2. In mathematics, any known determinate quantity, by the constant repetition of which, any other quantity of the same kind is measured. See Unity."], "unite": ["UNI'TE, v.t. L. unio, unitus.", "1. To put together or join two or more things, which make one compound or mixture. Thus we unite the parts of a building to make one structure. The kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland united, form one empire. So we unite spirit and water and other liquors. We unite strands to make a rope. The states of North America united, form one nation.", "2. To join; to connect in a near relation or alliance; as, to unite families by marriage; to unite nations by treaty.", "3. To make to agree or be uniform; as, to unite a kingdom in one form of worship; to unite men in opinions.", "4. To cause to adhere; as, to unite bricks or stones by cement.", "5. To join in interest or fellowship. Gen. 49.", "6. To tie; to splice; as, to unite two cords or ropes.", "7. To join in affection; to make near; as, to unite hearts in love.", "To unite the heart, to cause all its powers and affections to join with order and delight in the same objects. Ps. 86.", "UNI'TE, v.i.", "1. To join in an act; to concur; to act in concert. All parties united in petitioning for a repeal of the law.", "2. To coalesce; to be cemented or consolidated; to combine; as, bodies unite by attraction or affinity.", "3. To grow together, as the parts of a wound.", "The spur of a young cock grafted into the comb, will unite and grow.", "4. To coalesce, as sounds.", "5. To be mixed. Oil and water will not unite."], "united": ["UNI'TED, pp. Joined; made to agree; cemented; mixed; attached by growth.", "United flowers, are such as have the stamens and pistils in the same flower."], "uniter": ["UNI'TER, n. The person or thing that unites."], "uniting": ["UNI'TING, ppr. Joining; causing to agree; consolidating; coalescing; growing together."], "unition": ["UNI'TION, n. Junction; act of uniting. Not in use."], "unitive": ["U'NITIVE, a. Having the power of uniting. Not used."], "unity": ["U'NITY, n. L. unitas.", "1. The state of being one; oneness. Unity may consist of a simple substance or existing being, as the soul; but usually it consists in a close junction of particles or parts, constituting a body detached from other bodies. Unity is a thing undivided itself, but separate from ever other thing.", "2.Concord; conjunction; as a unity of proofs.", "3. Agreement; uniformity; as unity of doctrine; unity of worship in a church.", "4. In christian theology, oneness of sentiment, affection or behavior.", "How good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity! Ps. 133.", "5. In mathematics, the abstract expression for any unit whatsoever. The number 1 is unity, when it is not applied to any particular object; but a unit, when it is so applied.", "6. In poetry, the principle by which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of representation is preserved. In the drama, there are three unities; the unity of action, that of time, and that of place. In the epic poem, the great and almost only unity is that of action.", "7. In music, such a combination of parts as to constitute a whole, or a kind of symmetry of style and character.", "8. In law, the properties of a joint estate are derived from its unity, which is fourfold; unity of interest, unity of title, unity of time, and unity of possession; in other words, joint-tenants have one and the same interest, accruing by one and the same conveyance, commencing at the same time, and held by one and the same undivided possession.", "9. In law, unity of possession, is a joint possession of two rights by several titles, as when a man has a lease of land upon a certain rent, and afterwards buys the fee simple. This is a unity of possession, by which the lease is extinguished.", "Unity of faith, is an equal belief of the same truths of God, and possession of the grace of faith in like form and degree.", "Unity of spirit, is the oneness which subsists between Christ and his saints, by which the same spirit dwells in both, and both have the same disposition and aims; and it is the oneness of christians among themselves, united under the same head, having the same spirit dwelling in them, and possessing the same graces, faith, love, hope, &c."], "unjust": ["UNJUST', a.", "1. Not just; acting contrary to the standard of right established by the divine law; not equitable; as an unjust man.", "2. Contrary to justice and right; wrongful; as an unjust sentence; an unjust demand; an unjust accusation."], "unjustly": ["UNJUST'LY, adv. In an unjust manner; wrongfully."], "unknown": ["UNKNOWN, a.", "1. Not known. The author of the invention is unknown.", "2. Greater than is imagined.", "3. Not having had cohabitation.", "4. Not having communication."], "unlade": ["UNLA'DE, v.t.", "1. To unload; to take out the cargo of; as, to unlade a ship.", "2. To unload; to remove, as a load or burden. Acts. 21."], "unlaw": ["UNLAW', v.t. To deprive of the authority of law."], "unlawful": ["UNLAW'FUL, a. Not lawful; contrary to law; illegal; not permitted by law.", "Unlawful assembly, in law, the meeting of three or more persons to commit an unlawful act."], "unlawfulness": ["UNLAW'FULNESS, n.", "1. Illegality; contrariety to law.", "2. Illegitimacy."], "unlearn": ["UNLEARN', v.t. unlern'. To forget or lose what has been learned. It is most important to us all to unlearn the errors of our early education.", "I had learned nothing right; I had to unlearn everything."], "unlearned": ["UNLEARN'ED, pp.", "1. Forgotten.", "2. a. Not learned; ignorant; illiterate; not instructed.", "3. Not gained by study; not known.", "4. Not suitable to a learned man; as unlearned verses."], "unleavened": ["UNLEAVENED, a. unlev'ened. Not leavened; not raised by leaven, barm or yeast. Ex. 12."], "unless": ["UNLESS', conj.", "Except; that is, remove or dismiss the fact or thing stated in the sentence or clause which follows. \"We cannot thrive unless we are industrious and frugal.\" the sense will be more obvious with the clauses of the sentence inverted. Unless, remove this fact, suppose it not to exist, we are industrious and frugal, we cannot thrive. Unless then answers for a negation. If we are not industrious, we cannot thrive."], "unloose": ["UNLOOSE, v.t. unloos'. To loose. An ill formed word, as it expresses the same idea as loose.", "UNLOOSE, v.i. unloos'. To fall in pieces; to lose all connection or union."], "unmarriable": ["UNMAR'RIABLE, a. Not marriageable. Little used."], "unmarried": ["UNMAR'RIED, a. Not married; having no husband or no wife."], "unmarry": ["UNMAR'RY, v.t. To divorce."], "unmerciful": ["UNMER'CIFUL, a.", "1. Not merciful; cruel; inhuman to such beings as are in one's power; not disposed to spare or forgive.", "2. Unconscionable; exorbitant; as unmerciful demands."], "unmercifulness": ["UNMER'CIFULNESS, n. Want of mercy; want of tenderness and compassion towards those who are in one's power; cruelty in the exercise of power or punishment."], "unminded": ["UNMINDED, a. Not minded; not heeded."], "unmindful": ["UNMINDFUL, a. Not mindful; not heedful; not attentive; regardless; as unmindful of laws; unmindful of health or of duty."], "unmindfulness": ["UNMINDFULNESS, n. Heedlessness; inattention; carelessness."], "unmovable": ["UNMOVABLE, a. That cannot be moved or shaken; firm; fixed.", "Immovable is more generally used."], "unmoved": ["UNMOVED, a.", "1. Not moved; not transferred from one place to another.", "2. Not changed in purpose; unshaken; firm.", "3. Not affected; not having the passions excited; not touched or impressed.", "4. Not altered by passion or emotion."], "unmoving": ["UNMOVING, a.", "1. Having no motion.", "2. Not exciting emotion; having no power to affect the passions."], "unoccupied": ["UNOC'CUPIED, a.", "1. Not occupied; not possessed; as unoccupied land.", "2. Not engaged in business; being at leisure. The man is unoccupied.", "3. Not employed or taken up; as time unoccupied."], "unperfect": ["UNPER'FECT, a. Not perfect; not complete. But the word now used is imperfect."], "unperfected": ["UNPER'FECTED, a. Not perfected; not completed."], "unperfectness": ["UNPER'FECTNESS, n. Want of perfectness; incompleteness. Imperfectness and imperfection are now used."], "unprepared": ["UNPREPA'RED, a.", "1. Not prepared; not ready; not fitted or furnished by previous measures.", "2. Not prepared by holiness of life for the event of death and a happy immortality."], "unprofitable": ["UNPROF'ITABLE, a.", "1. Bringing no profit; producing no gain beyond the labor, expenses and interest of capital; as unprofitable land; unprofitable stock; unprofitable employment.", "2. Producing no improvement or advantage; useless; serving no purpose; as an unprofitable life; unprofitable study. Job. 15.", "3. Not useful to others.", "4. Misimproving talents; bringing no glory to God; as an unprofitable servant. Matt. 25."], "unprofitableness": ["UNPROF'ITABLENESS, n. The state of producing no profit or good; uselessness; inutility."], "unprofitably": ["UNPROF'ITABLY, adv.", "1. Without profit; without clear gain; as capital unprofitably employed.", "2. Without any good effect or advantage; to no good purpose."], "unprofited": ["UNPROF'ITED, a. Not having profit or gain."], "unpunished": ["UNPUN'ISHED, a. Not punished; suffered to pass without punishment or with impunity; as a thief unpunished; an unpunished crime."], "unpunishing": ["UNPUN'ISHING, a. Not punishing."], "unquenchable": ["UNQUENCH'ABLE, a. That cannot be quenched; that will never be extinguished; inextinguishable. Matt. 3. Luke 3."], "unquenchableness": ["UNQUENCH'ABLENESS, n. The state or quality of being inextinguishable."], "unquenchably": ["UNQUENCH'ABLY, adv. In a manner or degree so as not to be quenched."], "unquenched": ["UNQUENCH'ED, a. Not extinguished."], "unreasonable": ["UNRE'ASONABLE, a. s as z.", "1. Not agreeable to reason.", "2. Exceeding the bounds of reason; claiming or insisting on more than is fit; as an unreasonable demand.", "3. Immoderate; exorbitant; as an unreasonable love of life or of money.", "4. Irrational. In this sense, see Irrational."], "unreasonableness": ["UNRE'ASONABLENESS, n.", "1. Inconsistency with reason; as the unreasonableness of sinners.", "2. Exorbitance; excess of demand, claim, passion and the like; as the unreasonableness of a proposal."], "unreasonably": ["UNRE'ASONABLY, adv.", "1. In a manner contrary to reason.", "2. Excessively; immoderately; more than enough."], "unreasoned": ["UNRE'ASONED, a. Not reasoned."], "unrebukable": ["UNREBUKABLE, a. Not deserving rebuke; not obnoxious to censure. 1Tim. 6."], "unreprovable": ["UNREPROVABLE, a. Not deserving reproof; that cannot be justly censured. Col. 1."], "unreproved": ["UNREPROVED, a.", "1. Not reproved; not censured.", "2. Not liable to reproof or blame."], "unright": ["UNRIGHT, a. Not right; wrong. Obs."], "unrighteous": ["UNRIGHTEOUS, a. unri'chus.", "1. Not righteous; not just; not conformed in heart and life to the divine law; evil; wicked; used of persons.", "2. Unjust; contrary to law and equity; as an unrighteous decree or sentence."], "unrighteously": ["UNRIGHTEOUSLY, adv. unri'chusly. Unjustly; wickedly; sinfully."], "unrighteousness": ["UNRIGHTEOUSNESS, n. unri'chusness. Injustice; a violation of the divine law, or of the plain principles of justice and equity; wickedness. Unrighteousness may consist of a single unjust act, but more generally, when applied to persons, it denotes an habitual course of wickedness. Rom. 1:6. 2Cor. 6.", "Every transgression of the law is unrighteousness."], "unrightful": ["UNRIGHTFUL, a. Not rightful; not just."], "unrip": ["UNRIP', v.t. To rip. This word is not merely unless, but improper."], "unripe": ["UNRI'PE, a.", "1. Not ripe; not mature; not brought to a state of perfection; as unripe fruit.", "2. Not seasonable; not yet proper.", "He fix'd his unripe vengeance to defer.", "3. Not prepared; not completed; as an unripe scheme.", "4. Too early; as the unripe death of Dorilaus. Unusual."], "unripeness": ["UNRI'PENESS, n. Want of ripeness; immaturity; as the unripeness of fruit or of a project."], "unruliness": ["UNRU'LINESS, n. from unruly.", "1. Disregard of restraint; licentiousness; turbulence; as the unruliness of men, or of their passions.", "2. The disposition of a beast to break over fences and wander from an inclosure; the practice of breaking or leaping over fences."], "unruly": ["UNRU'LY, a.", "1. Disregarding restraint; licentious; disposed to violate laws; turbulent; ungovernable; as an unruly youth.", "The tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil. James. 4.", "2. Accustomed to break over fences and escape from inclosures; apt to break or leap fences; as an unruly ox.", "The owner of the unruly ox paid a sum of money, as a civil penalty for the ransom of his life."], "unsatiable": ["UNSA'TIABLE, a. That cannot be satisfied. But insatiable is generally used."], "unsatiate": ["UNSA'TIATE, a. Not satisfied. Obs.", "Insatiate is the word now used."], "unsearchable": ["UNSEARCHABLE, a. unserch'able. That cannot be searched or explored; inscrutable; hidden; mysterious.", "The counsels of God are to us unsearchable."], "unsearchableness": ["UNSEARCHABLENESS, n. unserch'ableness. The quality or state of being unsearchable, or beyond the power of man to explore."], "unsearchably": ["UNSEARCHABLY, adv. unserch'ably. In a manner so as not to be explored."], "unsearched": ["UNSEARCHED, a. unserch'ed. Not searched; not explored; not critically examined."], "unseemliness": ["UNSEE'MLINESS, n. Uncomeliness; indecency; indecorum; impropriety."], "unseemly": ["UNSEE'MLY, a. Not fit or becoming; uncomely; unbecoming; indecent.", "My sons, let your unseemly discord cease.", "UNSEE'MLY, adv. Indecently; unbecomingly."], "unshod": ["UNSHOD', a. Not shod; having no shoes."], "unskilled": ["UNSKILL'ED, a.", "1. Wanting skill; destitute of readiness or dexterity in performance.", "2. Destitute of practical knowledge."], "unskillful": ["UNSKILL'FUL, a. Not skillful; wanting the knowledge and dexterity which are acquired by observation, use and experience; as an unskillful surgeon; an unskillful mechanic; an unskillful logician."], "unskillfulness": ["UNSKILL'FULNESS, n. Want of art or knowledge; want of that readiness in action or execution, which is acquired by use, experience and observation."], "unspeak": ["UNSPE'AK, v.t. To recant; to retract what has been spoken."], "unspeakable": ["UNSPE'AKABLE, a. That cannot be uttered; that cannot be expressed; unuterable; as unspeakable grief or rage. 2Cor. 12.", "Joy unspeakable and full of glory. 1Peter 1."], "unspeakably": ["UNSPE'AKABLY, adv. In a manner or degree that cannot be expressed; inexpressibly; unutterably."], "unspotted": ["UNSPOT'TED, a.", "1. Not stained; free from spot.", "2. Free from moral stain; untainted with guilt; unblemished; immaculate; as unspotted reputation."], "unstable": ["UNSTA'BLE, a. l. instabilis.", "1. Not stable; not fixed.", "2. Not steady; inconstant; irresolute; wavering. James 1."], "unstableness": ["UNSTA'BLENESS, n. Instability."], "unstop": ["UNSTOP', v.t.", "1. To free from a stopple, as a bottle or cask.", "2. To free from any obstruction; to open."], "unstopped": ["UNSTOP'PED, pp.", "1. Opened.", "2. a. Not meeting any resistance."], "unstopping": ["UNSTOP'PING, ppr. Taking out a stopper; opening; freeing from obstruction."], "untaken": ["UNTAKEN, a. unta'kn.", "1. Not taken; not seized; not apprehended; as a thief untaken.", "2. Not reduced; not subdued; as untaken Troy.", "3. Not swallowed.", "Untaken away, not removed. 2Cor. 3.", "Untaken up, not occupied; not filled.", "Untalked of, not talked of; not made the subject of conversation."], "untempered": ["UNTEM'PERED, a. Not tempered; not duly mixed for use; not durable or strong."], "unthanked": ["UNTHANK'ED, a.", "1. Not thanked; not repaid with acknowledgments.", "2. Not received with thankfulness; as an unthanked reprieve. Unusual."], "unthankful": ["UNTHANK'FUL, a. Not thankful; ungrateful; not making acknowledgments for good received.", "For he is kind to the unthankful and to the evil. Luke 6."], "unthankfulness": ["UNTHANK'FULNESS, n. Neglect or omission of acknowledgment for good received; want of a sense of kindness or benefits; ingratitude.", "Immoderate favors breed first unthankfulness, and afterwards hate."], "until": ["UNTIL', prep. un and till. See Till.", "1. To; used of time.", "He and his sons were priests of the tribe of Dan, until the day of the captivity. Judges 18.", "2. To; used of objects. Obs.", "3. Preceding a sentence or clause, to; that is, to the event mentioned, or the time of it; as, until this hour; until this year.", "The scepter shall not depart from Judah - until Shiloh come. Gen. 49.", "4. To the point or place of.", "In open prospect nothing bounds our eye,", "Until the earth seems join'd unto the sky.", "5. To the degree that.", "Thou shalt push Syria, until they be consumed. 2Chron. 18.", "Note. Until is always the same part of speech in fact, and has the same signification. The only difference is, that it is followed sometimes by a single word denoting time, and in other cases by a verb denoting an event, or a word denoting place or degree. The sense is in all cases to; and till may be used as its substitute, and in modern usage it is most common."], "untile": ["UNTI'LE, v.t To take the tiles from; to uncover by removing tiles."], "untilled": ["UNTILL'ED, a. Not tilled; not cultivated."], "untimely": ["UNTI'MELY, a.", "1. Happening before the usual time; as untimely frost.", "2. Happening before the natural time; premature; as untimely death; untimely fate.", "UNTI'MELY, adv. Before the natural time.", "What is untimely done."], "unto": ["UN'TO, prep. a compound of un, on, and to; of no use in the language, as it expresses no more than to. I do not find it in our mother tongue, nor is it ever used in popular discourse. It is found in writers of former times, but is entirely obsolete."], "untoward": ["UNTO'WARD, a.", "1. Froward; perverse; refractory; not easily guided or taught. Acts 2.", "2. Awkward; ungraceful; as untoward words.", "3. Inconvenient; troublesome; unmanageable; as an untoward vow."], "untowardness": ["UNTO'WARDNESS, n. Awkwardness; frowardness; perverseness."], "unwalled": ["UNWALL'ED, a. Not surrounded, fortified or supported by a wall."], "unwashen": ["UNWASH'EN, a. Not washed; not cleansed by water. Matt. 15."], "unweighed": ["UNWEIGHED, a.", "1. Not weighed; not having the weight ascertained.", "Solomon left all the vessels unweighed. 1Kings 7.", "2. Not deliberately considered and examined; as, to leave arguments or testimony unweighed.", "3. Not considerate; negligent; as words unweighed."], "unweighing": ["UNWEIGHING, a. Inconsiderate; thoughtless."], "unwise": ["UNWI'SE, a. s as z.", "1. Not wise; not choosing the best means for the end; defective in wisdom; as an unwise man; unwise kings.", "2. Not dictated by wisdom; not adapted to the end; as unwise measures."], "unwisely": ["UNWI'SELY, adv. Not wisely; not prudently; as unwisely rigid; unwisely studious."], "unwit": ["UNWIT', v.t. To deprive of understanding. Not in use."], "unwitnessed": ["UNWIT'NESSED, a. Not witnessed; not attested by witnesses; wanting testimony."], "unwittingly": ["UNWIT'TINGLY, adv. Without knowledge or consciousness; ignorantly; as, he has unwittingly injured himself, or his neighbor."], "unworthily": ["UNWORTHILY, adv. See Worthy and Worth.", "Not according to desert; without due regard to merit; as, to treat a man unworthily."], "unworthiness": ["UNWORTHINESS, n. Want of worth or merit."], "unworthy": ["UNWORTHY, a.", "1. Not deserving; followed by of. As sinners, were are utterly unworthy of the divine favor.", "2. Not deserving; wanting merit. Receive your unworthy son into favor. One great evil of government is that unworthy men are elected or appointed to fill important offices.", "3. Unbecoming; vile; base; as unworthy usage or treatment.", "4. Not suitable; inadequate. This opinion is unworthy of its author."], "up": ["UP, adv.", "1. Aloft; on high", "But up or down -", "2. Out of bed. He is not up.", "3. Having risen from a seat.", "Sir Roger was up.", "4. From a state of concealment or discumbiture.", "5. In a state of being built.", "Up with my tent.", "6. Above the horizon. The sun is up.", "7. To a state of excitement. He was wrought up to a rage.", "8. To a state of advance or proficiency.", "- Till we have wrought ourselves up to this degree of christian indifference.", "9. In a state of elevation or exaltation.", "Those that were up, kept others low.", "10. In a state of climbing or ascending. We went up to the city or town.", "11. In a state of insurrection.", "The gentle archbishop of York is up.", "My soul is up in arms.", "12. In a state of being increased or raised. The river is up; the flood is up.", "13. In a state of approaching; as up comes a fox.", "14. In order. He drew up his regiment.", "15. From younger to elder years; as from his youth up.", "1. Up and down, from one place to another; here and there.", "2. From one state or position to another; backwards and forwards.", "1. Up to, to an equal highth with; as up to the chin in water.", "2. To a degree or point adequate. Live up to the principles professed.", "Up with, raise; life; as, up with the fist; up with the timber.", "Up is much used to modify the actions expressed by verbs. It is very often useful and necessary; very often useless.", "To bear up, to sustain.", "To go up, to ascend.", "To lift up, to raise.", "To get up, to rise from bed or a seat.", "To bind up, to bind together.", "To blow up, to inflate; to distend; to inflame.", "To grow up, to grow to maturity.", "Up stream, from the mouth towards the head of a stream; against the stream; hence up is in a direction towards the head of a stream or river; as up the country.", "Up sound, in the direction from the sea; opposed to down sound, that is, in the direction of the ebb tide.", "Up is used elliptically for get up, expressing a command or exhortation.", "Up, let us be going. Judges 19.", "UP, prep. From a lower to a higher place. Go up the hill."], "uped": ["'UPED, a. Moistened or tinged with sirup or sweet juice."], "upbraid": ["UPBRA'ID, v.t.", "1. To charge with something wrong or disgraceful; to reproach; to cast in the teeth; followed by with or for, before the thing imputed; as, to upbraid a man for his folly or his intemperance.", "Yet do not upbraid us with our distress.", "He upbraided them with their unbelief. Matt. 16.", "The use of to and of, after upbraid, as to upbraid a man of his gain by iniquity, to upbraid to a man his evil practices, has been long discontinued.", "2. To reproach; to chide.", "God who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not. James 1.", "3. To reprove with severity.", "Then he began to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done - Matt. 11.", "4. To bring reproach on.", "How much doth thy kindness upbraid my wickedness!", "5. To treat with contempt. Obs."], "upbraided": ["UPBRA'IDED, pp. Charged with something wrong or disgraceful; reproached; reproved."], "upbraider": ["UPBRA'IDER, n. One who upbraids or reproves."], "upbraiding": ["UPBRA'IDING, ppr. Accusing; casting in the teeth; reproaching; reproving.", "UPBRA'IDING, n.", "1. A charging with something wrong or disgraceful; the act of reproaching or reproving.", "I have too long borne your blunt upbraidings.", "2. The reproaches or accusations of conscience."], "upheld": ["UPHELD', pret. and pp. of uphold. Sustained; supported."], "uphold": ["UPHOLD, v.t. pret. and pp. upheld. Upholden is obsolete.", "1. To lift on high; to elevate.", "2. To support; to sustain; to keep from falling or slipping.", "Honor shall uphold the humble in spirit. Prov. 29.", "3. To keep from declension.", "4. To support in any state.", "5. To continue; to maintain.", "6. To keep from being lost.", "Faulconbridge, in spite of spite, along upholds the day.", "7. To continue without failing.", "8. To continue in being."], "upholder": ["UPHOLDER, n.", "1. One that upholds; a supporter; a defender; a sustainer.", "2. An undertaker; one who provides for funerals."], "upon": ["UPON', prep.", "1. Resting or being on the top or surface; as being upon a hill, or upon a rock; upon a field; upon a table; upon a river; upon the altar; upon the roof. He has his coat upon his back; his hat is upon his head.", "2. In a state of resting or dependence; as upon this condition; he will contract with you upon these terms. Upon our repentance we hope to be forgiven.", "3. Denoting resting, as a burden. Impose upon yourself this task.", "4. In the direction or part of; as upon the right hand.", "5. Relating to. They are now engaged upon the affairs of the bank.", "6. In consideration of; as upon the whole matter.", "7. Near to; as a village upon the Thames.", "8. With, or having received. He came upon an hour's warning.", "9. On the occasion of; engaged in for the execution of. He sent the officer upon a bold enterprise.", "10. In; during the time of; as upon the seventh day; upon the first of January.", "11. Noting security; as, to borrow money upon lands, or upon mortgage.", "12. Noting approach or attack.", "The Philistines be upon thee, Samson. Judges 16.", "13. Noting exposure or incurring some danger or loss. You do this upon pain of death, or upon the penalties of the law.", "14. At the time of; on occasion of. What was their conduct upon this event?", "15. By inference from, or pursuing a certain supposition. Upon his principles, we can have no stable government.", "16. Engaged in. What is he upon?", "17. Having a particular manner. The horse is now upon a hard trot.", "18. Resting or standing, as on a condition. He is put upon his good behavior.", "19. Noting means of subsistence or support. Cattle live upon grass.", "20. Noting dependence for subsistence; as, paupers come upon the parish or town.", "To take upon, to assume.", "To assume upon, in law, to promise; to undertake."], "upper": ["UP'PER, a. comp. from up.", "1. Higher in place; as the upper lip; the upper side of a thing. An upper story is a higher one; the upper story is the highest. So the upper deck of a ship.", "2. Superior in rank or dignity; as the upper house of a legislature.", "Upper hand, advantage; superiority.", "Upper-works, in a ship, the parts above water when the ship is properly balanced for a voyage; or that part which is above the main wale."], "uppermost": ["UP'PERMOST, a. superl.; upper and most.", "1. Highest in place; as the uppermost seats.", "2. Highest in power or authority.", "Whatever faction happens to be uppermost -", "3. Predominant; most powerful."], "upright": ["UPRIGHT, a. upri'te or up'rite. up and right. This word is marked in books with the accent on the first syllable. But it is frequently pronounced with the accent on the second, and the accent on the first syllable of its derivatives is inadmissible.", "1. Erect; perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; as an upright tree; an upright post. Among mechanics, plumb.", "2. Erected; pricked up; shooting directly from the body.", "All have their ears upright -", "With chatt'ring teeth and bristling hair upright.", "3. Honest; just; adhering to rectitude in all social intercourse; not deviating from correct moral principles; as an upright man. Job. 1.", "4. Conformable to moral rectitude.", "Conscience rewards upright conduct with pleasure."], "uprightness": ["UPRIGHTNESS, n.", "1. Perpendicular erection.", "2. Honesty; integrity in principle or practice; conformity to rectitude and justice in social dealings.", "The truly upright man is inflexible in his uprightness."], "uprightly": ["UPRIGHTLY, adv.", "1. In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; in an erect position.", "2. Honestly; with strict observance of rectitude; as, to live uprightly.", "He that walketh uprightly, walketh surely. Prov. 10."], "uprise": ["UPRI'SE, v.i. s as z. pret uprose; pp. uprisen.", "1. To rise from bed or from a seat.", "Uprose the virgin with the morning light.", "2. To ascend above the horizon.", "Uprose the sun.", "3. To ascend, as a hill. Obs.", "UPRI'SE, n. A rising; appearance above the horizon. Obs."], "uprising": ["UPRI'SING, ppr. Rising; ascending.", "UPRI'SING, n. The act of rising.", "Thou knowest my down-sitting and mine uprising. Ps. 139."], "uproar": ["UP'ROAR, n.", "Great tumult; violent disturbance and noise; bustle and clamor.", "The Jews who believed not - set all the city in an uproar. Act. 17.", "Horror thus prevail'd, and wild uproar."], "upward": ["UP'WARD, a. up and ward, L. versus.", "Directed to a higher place; as with upward eye; with upward speed.", "UP'WARD, n. The top. Not in use.", "UP'WARD,"], "upwards": ["UP'WARDS, adv.", "1. Toward a higher place; opposed to downward.", "Upward I lift my eye.", "2. Toward heaven and God.", "Looking inward, we are struck dumb; looking upward, we speak and prevail.", "3. With respect to the higher part.", "Upward man, downward fish.", "4. More than, indefinitely. Upwards of ten years have elapsed; upwards of a hundred men were present.", "5. Toward the source. Trace the stream upwards.", "And trace the muses upwards to their spring."], "urbane": ["UR'BANE, a. L. urbanus, from urbs, a city. Civil; courteous in manners; polite."], "urbanity": ["URBAN'ITY, n. L. urbanitas, from urbs, a city.", "1. That civility or courtesy of manners which is acquired by associating with well bred people; politeness; polished manners.", "2. Facetiousness."], "urbanize": ["UR'BANIZE, v.t. To render civil and courteous; to polish."], "ure": ["URE, n. Use; practice. Obsolete, but retained in inure."], "urge": ["URGE, v.t L. urgeo. This belongs probably to the family of Gr. and L. arceo.", "1. To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to apply force to, in almost any manner.", "And great Achilles urge the Trojan fate.", "2. To press the mind or will; to press by motives, arguments, persuasion or importunity.", "My broth did urge me in his act.", "3. To provoke; to exasperate.", "Urge not my father's anger.", "4. To follow close; to impel.", "Heir urges heir, like wave impelling wave.", "5. To labor vehemently; to press with eagerness.", "Through the thick deserts headlong urg'd his flight.", "6. To press; as, to urge an argument; to urge a petition; to urge the necessity of a case.", "7. To importune; to solicit earnestly. He urged his son to withdraw.", "8. To apply forcibly; as, to urge an ore with intense heat.", "URGE, v.i. To press forward; as, he strives to urge upward."], "urged": ["URG'ED, pp. Pressed; impelled; importuned."], "urging": ["URG'ING, ppr.", "1. Pressing; driving; impelling.", "2. a. Pressing with solicitations; importunate."], "urgent": ["URG'ENT, a.", "1. Pressing with importunity. Ex. 12.", "2. Pressing with necessity; violent; vehement; as an urgent case or occasion."], "urgently": ["URG'ENTLY, adv. With pressing importunity; violently; vehemently; forcibly."], "urim": ["U'RIM, n. Heb. The Urim and Thummim, among the Israelites, signify lights and perfections. These were a kind of ornament belonging to the habit of the high priest, in virtue of which he gave oracular answers to the people; but what they were has not been satisfactorily ascertained."], "us": ["US, pron. objective case of we.", "Give us this day our daily bread."], "use": ["USE, n. L. urus.", "1. The act of handling or employing in any manner, and for any purpose, but especially for a profitable purpose; as the use of a pen in writing; the use of books in study; the use of a spade in digging. Use is of two kinds; that which employs a thing, without destroying it or its form, as the use of a book or of a farm; or it is the employment of a thing which destroys or wastes it, as the use of bread for provision; the use of water for turning a mill.", "2. Employment; application of any thing to a purpose, good or bad. It is our duty to make a faithful use of our opportunities and advantages for improvement.", "Books can never teach the use of books.", "3. Usefulness; utility; advantage; production of benefit. the value of a thing is to be estimated by its use. His friendship has been of use to me.", "Tis use alone that sanctifies expense.", "4. Need of employment, or occasion to employ. I have no further use for this book.", "5. Power of receiving advantage. Usual.", "6. Continued practice or employment.", "Sweetness, truth, and every grace, which time and use are wont to teach.", "7. Custom; common occurrence.", "O Cesar, these things are beyond all use. Usual.", "8. Interest; the premium paid for the possession and employment of borrowed money.", "9. In law, the benefit or profit of lands and tenements. use imports a trust and confidence reposed in a man for the holding of lands. He to whose use or benefit the trust is intended, shall enjoy the profits. An estate is granted and limited to A for the use of B.", "Cestuy que use, in law, the person who has the use of lands and tenements.", "Contingent use, in law. A contingent or springing use, is where the use is suspended on a future event.", "Resulting use, is one which, being limited by the deed, expires or cannot vest, and results or returns to him who raised it, after such expiration.", "Secondary or shifting use, is that which though executed, may change from one to another by circumstances.", "1. In use, in employment; as, the book is now in use.", "2. In customary practice or observance. Such words, rites and ceremonies, have long been in use.", "USE, v.t. s as z. L. uter, usus; Gr.", "1. To employ; to handle, hold, occupy or move for some purpose; as, to use a plow; to use a chair; to use a book; to use time. Most men use the right hand with more convenience than the left, and hence its name, right.", "2. To waste, consume or exhaust by employment; as, to use flour for food; to use beer for drink; to use water for irrigation, or for turning the wheel of a mill.", "3. To accustom; to habituate; to render familiar by practice; as men used to cold and hunger; soldiers used to hardships and danger.", "4. To treat; as, to use one well or ill; to use people with kindness and civility; to use a beast with cruelty.", "Cato has us'd me ill.", "5. To practice customarily.", "Use hospitality one to another. 1Peter 4.", "To use one's self, to behave. Obs.", "USE, v.i. s as z.", "1. To be accustomed; to practice customarily.", "They use to place him that shall be their captain on a stone.", "2. To be wont.", "Fears use to be represented in an imaginary fashion.", "3. To frequent; to inhabit.", "Where never foot did use."], "used": ["U'SED, pp. s as z. Employed; occupied; treated."], "useful": ["U'SEFUL, a. Producing or having power to produce good; beneficial; profitable; helpful towards advancing any purpose; as vessels and instruments useful in a family; books useful for improvement; useful knowledge; useful arts."], "usefulness": ["U'SEFULNESS, n. Conduciveness to some end, properly to some valuable end; as the usefulness of canal navigation; the usefulness of machinery in manufactures."], "usure": ["U'SURE, v.i. s as z. To practice usury. Not in use."], "usurer": ["U'SURER, n. s as z. See Usury.", "1. Formerly, a person who lent money and took interest for it.", "2. In present usage, one who lends money at a rate of interest beyond the rate established by law."], "usurious": ["USU'RIOUS, a. s as z.", "1. Practicing usury; taking exorbitant interest for the use of money; as a usurious person.", "2. Partaking of usury; containing usury; as a usurious contract, which by statute is void."], "usuriously": ["USU'RIOUSLY, adv. In a usurious manner."], "usuriousness": ["USU'RIOUSNESS, n. The state or quality of being usurious."], "usury": ["U'SURY, n. s as z. L. usura, from utor, to use.", "1. Formerly, interest; or a premium paid or stipulated to be paid for the use of money.", "Usury formerly denoted any legal interest, but in this sense, the word is no longer in use.", "2. In present usage, illegal interest; a premium or compensation paid or stipulated to be paid for the use of money borrowed or retained, beyond the rate of interest established by law.", "3. The practice of taking interest. Obs."], "usurp": ["USURP', v.t. s as z. L. usurpo.", "To seize and hold in possession by force or without right; as, to usurp a throne; to usurp the prerogatives of the crown; to usurp power. To usurp the right of a patron, is to oust or dispossess him.", "Vice sometimes usurps the place of virtue.", "Usurp is not applied to common dispossession of private property."], "usurpation": ["USURPA'TION, n. supra. The act of seizing or occupying and enjoying the property of another, without right; as the usurpation of a throne; the usurpation of the supreme power. Usurpation, in a peculiar sense, denotes the absolute ouster and dispossession of the patron of a church, by presenting a clerk to a vacant benefice, who is thereupon admitted and instituted."], "usurped": ["USURP'ED, pp. Seized or occupied and enjoyed by violence, or without right."], "usurper": ["USURP'ER, n. One who seizes or occupies the property of another without right; as the usurper of a throne, of power, or of the rights of a patron."], "usurping": ["USURP'ING, ppr. Seizing or occupying the power or property of another without right.", "The worst of tyrants, an usurping crowd."], "usurpingly": ["USURP'INGLY, adv. By usurpation; without just right or claim."], "utmost": ["UT'MOST, a.", "1. Extreme; being at the furthest point or extremity; as the utmost limit of North America; the utmost limits of the land; the utmost extent of human knowledge.", "2. Being in the greatest or highest degree; as the utmost assiduity; the utmost harmony; the utmost misery or happiness; the utmost peril.", "UT'MOST, n. The most that can be; the greatest power, degree or effort. He has done his utmost. Try your utmost.", "I will be free even to the utmost as I please in words."], "utter": ["UT'TER, a.", "1. Situated on the outside or remote from the center.", "2. Placed or being beyond any compass; out of any place; as the utter deep.", "3. Extreme; excessive; utmost; as utter darkness.", "4. Complete; total; final; as utter ruin.", "5. Peremptory; absolute; as an utter refusal or denial.", "6. Perfect; mere; quite; as utter strangers.", "UT'TER, v.t.", "1. To speak; to pronounce; to express; as, to utter words; to utter sounds.", "2. To disclose; to discover; to divulge; to publish. He never utters a syllable of what I suppose to be intended as a secret.", "3. To sell; to vend; as, to utter wares. This is obsolete, unless in the law style.", "4. To put or send into circulation; to put off, as currency, or cause to pass in commerce; as, to utter coin or notes. A man utters a false note, who gives it in payment, knowing it to be false."], "utterable": ["UT'TERABLE, a. That may be uttered, pronounced or expressed."], "utterance": ["UT'TERANCE, n.", "1. The act of uttering words; pronunciation; manner of speaking; as a good or bad utterance.", "They began to speak with other tongues, as the spirit gave them utterance. Acts 2.", "2. Emission from the mouth; vocal expression; as the utterance of sounds.", "3. Extremity; furthest part. Not in use."], "uttered": ["UT'TERED, pp. Spoken; pronounced; disclosed; published; put into circulation."], "utterer": ["UT'TERER, n.", "1. One who utters; one who pronounces.", "2. One who divulges or discloses.", "3. One who puts into circulation.", "4. A seller; a vender."], "uttering": ["UT'TERING, ppr. Pronouncing; disclosing; putting into circulation; selling."], "utterly": ["UT'TERLY, adv. To the full extent; fully; perfectly; totally; as utterly tired; utterly debased; utterly lost to all sense of shame; It is utterly vain; utterly out of my power."], "uttermost": ["UT'TERMOST, a. utter and most. Extreme; being in the furthest, greatest or highest degree; as the uttermost extent or end; the uttermost distress.", "UT'TERMOST, n. The greatest. the uttermost we can do is to be patient.", "To the uttermost, in the most extensive degree; fully.", "Heb. 8."], "vagabond": ["VAG'ABOND, a. L. vagabundus, from vagor, to wander; from the root of wag.", "1. Wandering; moving from place to place without any settled habitation; as a vagabond exile.", "2. Wandering; floating about without any certain direction; driven to and fro.", "Like to a vagabond flag upon the stream.", "VAG'ABOND, n. supra. A vagrant; one who wanders from town to town or place to place, having no certain dwelling, or not abiding in it. By the laws of England and of the United States, vagabonds are liable to be taken up and punished."], "vail": ["VAIL, n. L. velum, from velo, to cover, to spread over. It is correctly written vail for e, in Latin, is our a.", "1. Any kind of cloth which is used for intercepting the view and hiding something; as the vail of the temple among the Israelites.", "2. A piece of thin cloth or silk stuff, used by females to hide their faces. In some eastern countries, certain classes of females never appear abroad without vails.", "3. A cover; that which conceals; as the vail of oblivion.", "4. In botany, the membranous covering of the germen in the Musci and Hepaticae; the calypter.", "5. Vails, money given to servants. Not used in America.", "VAIL, v.t. L. velo. To cover; to hide from the sight; as, to vail the face.", "VAIL, v.t.", "1. To let fall.", "They stiffly refused to vail their bonnets.", "I believe wholly obsolete.", "2. To let fall; to lower; as, to vail the topsail. Obs.", "3. To let fall; to sink. Obs.", "VAIL, v.i. To yield or recede; to give place; to show respect by yielding.", "Thy convenience must vail to thy neighbor's necessity. Obs."], "vailed": ["VA'ILED, pp. Covered; concealed."], "vailing": ["VA'ILING, ppr. Covering; hiding from the sight."], "vain": ["VAIN, a. L. vanus; Eng. wan, wane, want.", "1. Empty; worthless; having no substance, value or importance. 1Peter 1.", "To your vain answer will you have recourse.", "Every man walketh in a vain show. Ps. 39.", "Why do the people imagine a vain thing? Ps. 2.", "2. Fruitless; ineffectual. All attempts, all efforts were vain.", "Vain is the force of man.", "3. Proud of petty things, or of trifling attainments; elated with a high opinion of one's own accomplishments, or with things more showy than valuable; conceited.", "The minstrels play'd on every side, vain of their art -", "4. Empty; unreal; as a vain chimers.", "5. Showy; ostentatious.", "Load some vain church with old theatric state.", "6. Light; inconstant; worthless. Prov. 12.", "7. Empty; unsatisfying. The pleasures of life are vain.", "8. False; deceitful; not genuine; spurious. James 1.", "9. Not effectual; having no efficacy", "Bring no more vain oblations. Is. 1.", "In vain, to no purpose; without effect; ineffectual.", "In vain they do worship me. Matt. 15.", "To take the name of God in vain, to use the name of God with levity or profaneness."], "vainness": ["VA'INNESS, n.", "1. The state of being vain; inefficacy; ineffectualness; as the vainness of efforts.", "2. Empty pride; vanity."], "vainglorious": ["VAINGLO'RIOUS, a. vain and glorious.", "1. Vain to excess of one's own achievements; elated beyond due measure; boastful.", "Vainglorious man.", "2. Boastful; proceeding from vanity.", "Arrogant and vainglorious expression."], "vaingloriously": ["VAINGLO'RIOUSLY, adv. With empty pride."], "vainglory": ["VAINGLO'RY, n. vain and glory. Exclusive vanity excited by one's own performances; empty pride; undue elation of mind.", "He hath nothing of vainglory.", "Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory. Phil. 2."], "vainly": ["VA'INLY, adv.", "1. Without effect; to no purpose; ineffectually; in vain.", "In weak complaints you vainly waste your breath.", "2. Boastingly; with vaunting; proudly; arrogantly.", "Humility teaches us not to think vainly nor vauntingly of ourselves.", "3. Idly; foolishly.", "Nor vainly hope to be invulnerable."], "vale": ["VALE, n. L. vallis; Eng. to fall.", "1. A tract of low ground or of land between hills; a valley. Vale is used in poetry, and valley in prose and common discourse.", "In those fair vales, by nature form'd to please.", "2. A little trough or canal; as a pump vale to carry off the water from a ship's pump.", "3. Vales, money given to servants. avails. Not used in America."], "valiant": ["VALIANT, a. val'yant. L. valeo, to be strong.", "1. Primarily, strong; vigorous in body; as a valiant fencer.", "2. Brave; courageous; intrepid in danger; heroic; as a valiant soldier.", "Be thou valiant for me, and fight the Lord's battles.", "1Sam. 18.", "3. Performed with valor; bravely conducted; heroic; as a valiant action or achievement; a valiant combat."], "valiantly": ["VAL'IANTLY, adv.", "1. Stoutly; vigorously; with personal strength.", "2. Courageously; bravely; heroically."], "valiantness": ["VAL'IANTNESS, n.", "1. Stoutness; strength.", "2. Most generally, valor; bravery; intrepidity in danger.", "Achimetes, having won the top of the walls, by the valiantness of the defendants was forced to retire."], "valley": ["VAL'LEY, n. plu. valleys. L. vallis. See Vale.", "1. A hollow or low tract of land between hills or mountains.", "2. A low extended plain, usually alluvial, penetrated or washed by a river. The valley of the Connecticut is remarkable for its fertility and beauty.", "Ye mountains, sink; ye valleys, rise; prepare the Lord his way.", "3. In building, a gutter over the sleepers in the roof of a building."], "value": ["VALUE, n. val'u. L. valor, from valeo, to be worth.", "1. Worth; that property or those properties of a thing which render it useful or estimable; or the degree of that property or of such properties. The real value of a thing is its utility, its power or capacity of procuring or producing good. Hence the real or intrinsic value of iron, is far greater than that of gold. But there is, in many things, an estimated value, depending on opinion or fashion, such as the value of precious stones. The value of land depends on its fertility, or on its vicinity to a market, or on both.", "2. Price; the rate of worth set upon a commodity, or the amount for which a thing is sold. We say, the value of a thing is what it will bring in market.", "3. Worth; applied to persons.", "Ye are all physicians of no value. Job. 13.", "Ye are of more value than many sparrows. Matt. 10.", "4. High rate.", "Caesar is well acquainted with your virtue, and therefore sets this value on your life.", "5. Importance; efficacy in producing effects; as considerations of no value.", "Before events shall have decided on the value of the measures.", "6. Import; precise signification; as the value of a word or phrase.", "VALUE, v.t. val'u.", "1. To estimate the worth of; to rate at a certain price; to apprise; as, to value lands or goods.", "2. To rate at a high price; to have in high esteem; as a valued poem or picture. A man is apt to value his own performances at too high a rate; he is even disposed to value himself for his humility.", "3. To esteem; to hold in respect and estimation; as, to value one for his works or virtues.", "4. To take account of.", "The mind doth value every moment.", "5. To reckon or estimate with respect to number or power.", "The queen is valu'd thirty thousand strong.", "6. To consider with respect to importance.", "The king must take it ill, so slightly valu'd in his messenger.", "Neither of them valued their premises according to the rules of honor or integrity.", "7. To raise to estimation.", "Some value themselves to their country by jealousies to the crown. Not in use.", "8. To be worth. Not in use."], "valued": ["VAL'UED, pp. Estimated at a certain rate; apprized; esteemed."], "valuing": ["VAL'UING, ppr. Setting a price on; estimating the worth of; esteeming."], "vanish": ["VAN'ISH, v.i. L. vanesco, vanus, vain, or its root; Eng. to wane. The primary sense is to withdraw or depart.", "1. To disappear; to pass from a visible to an invisible state; as, vapor vanishes from the sight by being dissipated. Light vanishes, when the rays of the illuminating body are intercepted; darkness vanishes before the rising sun.", "2. To disappear; to pass beyond the limit of vision; as, a ship vanishes from the sight of spectators on land.", "3. To disappear; to pass away; to be annihilated or lost. How cheering is the well founded hope of enjoying delights which can never vanish!"], "vanished": ["VAN'ISHED, a. Having no perceptible existence."], "vanishing": ["VAN'ISHING, ppr. Disappearing; passing from the sight or possession; departing forever."], "vanity": ["VAN'ITY, n. L. vanitas, from vanus, vain.", "1. Emptiness; want of substance to satisfy desire; uncertainty; inanity.", "Vanity of vanities, said the preacher; all is vanity. Eccles. 1.", "2. Fruitless desire or endeavor.", "Vanity possesseth many who are desirous to know the certainty of things to come.", "3. Trifling labor that produces no good.", "4. Emptiness; untruth", "Here I may well show the vanity of what is reported in the story of Walsingham.", "5. Empty pleasure; vain pursuit; idle show; unsubstantial enjoyment.", "Sin with vanity had fill'd the works of men.", "Think not when woman's transient breath is fled, that all her vanities at once are dead; succeeding vanities she still regards.", "6. Ostentation; arrogance.", "7. Inflation of mind upon slight grounds; empty pride, inspired by an overweening conceit of one's personal attainments or decorations. Fops cannot be cured of their vanity.", "Vanity is the food of fools.", "No man sympathizes with the sorrows of vanity."], "variable": ["VA'RIABLE, a.", "1. That may vary or alter; capable of alteration in any manner; changeable; as variable winds or seasons; variable colors.", "2. Susceptible of change; liable to change; mutable; fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable; passions are variable.", "His heart I know, how variable and vain.", "3. In mathematics, subject to continual increase or decrease; in opposition to constant, retaining the same value.", "VA'RIABLE, n. In mathematics, a quantity which is in a state of continual increase or decrease. The indefinitely small quantity by which a variable is continually increased or diminished, is called its differential, and the method of finding these quantities, the differential calculus."], "variableness": ["VA'RIABLENESS, n.", "1. Susceptibility of change; liableness or aptness to alter; changeableness; as the variableness of the weather.", "2. Inconstancy; fickleness; unsteadiness; levity; as the variableness of human passions."], "variably": ["VA'RIABLY, adv. Changeably; with alteration; in an inconstant or fickle manner."], "variance": ["VA'RIANCE, n. See Vary.", "1. In law, an alteration of something formerly laid in a writ; or a difference between a declaration and a writ, or the deed on which it is grounded.", "2. Any alteration or change of condition.", "3. Difference that produces dispute or controversy; disagreement; dissension; discord. A mere variance may become a war. Without a spirit of condescension, there will be an everlasting variance.", "1. At variance, in disagreement; in a state of difference or want of agreement.", "2. In a state of dissension or controversy; in a state of enmity."], "vaunt": ["V'AUNT, v.i. L. vanus. This ought to be written vant.", "To boast; to make a vain display of one's own worth, attainments or decorations; to talk with vain ostentation; to brag.", "Pride - prompts a man to vaunt and overvalue what he is.", "V'AUNT, v.t. To boast of; to make a vain display of.", "My vanquisher, spoil'd of his vaunted spoil.", "Charity vaunteth not itself. 1Cor. 13.", "V'AUNT, n. Boast; a vain display of what one is or has, or has done; ostentation from vanity.", "Him I seduc'd with other vaunts and other promises.", "V'AUNT, n. The first part. Not used."], "vaunted": ["V'AUNTED, pp. Vainly boasted of or displayed."], "vauntful": ["V'AUNTFUL, a. Boastful; vainly ostentatious."], "vaunting": ["V'AUNTING, ppr. Vainly boasting; ostentatiously setting forth what one is or has."], "vauntingly": ["V'AUNTINGLY, adv. Boastfully; with vain ostentation."], "vehement": ["VE'HEMENT, a. L. vehemens.", "1. Violent; acting with great force; furious; very forcible; as a vehement wind; a vehement torrent; a vehement fire or heat.", "2. Very ardent; very eager or urgent; very fervent; as a vehement affection or passion; vehement desire; vehement eloquence."], "vehemently": ["VE'HEMENTLY, adv.", "1. With great force and violence.", "2. Urgently; forcibly; with great zeal or pathos."], "veil": ["VEIL, n. L. velum.", "1. A cover; a curtain; something to intercept the view and lude an object.", "2. A cover; a disguise. See Vail. The latter orthography gives the Latin pronunciation as well as the English, and is to be preferred.", "VEIL, v.t.", "1. To cover with a veil; to conceal.", "2. To invest; to cover.", "3. To hide. See Vail."], "vein": ["VEIN, n. L. vena, from the root of venio, to come, to pass. The sense is a passage, a conduit.", "1. A vessel in animal bodies, which receives the blood from the extreme arteries, and returns it to the heart. The veins may be arranged in three divisions. 1. Those that commence from the capillaries all over the body, and return the blood to the heart. 2. The pulmonary veins. 3. The veins connected with the vena portarum, in which the blood that has circulated through the organs of digestion, is conveyed to the liver.", "2. In plants, a tube or an assemblage of tubes, through which the sap is transmitted along the leaves. The term is more properly applied to the finer and more complex ramifications, which interbranch with each other like net-work; the larger and more direct assemblages of vessels being called ribs and nerves. Veins are also found in the calyx and corol of flowers.", "The vessels which branch or variously divide over the surface of leaves are called veins.", "3. In geology, a fissure in rocks or strata, filled with a particular substance. Thus metallic veins intersect rocks or strata of other substances. Metalliferous veins have been traced in the earth for miles; some in South America are said to have been traced eighty miles. Many species of stones, as granite, porphyry, &c. are often found in veins.", "4. A streak or wave of different color, appearing in wood, marble, and other stones; variegation.", "5. A cavity or fissure in the earth or in other substance.", "6. Tendency or turn of mind; a particular disposition or cast of genius; as a rich vein of wit or humor; a satirical vein", "Invoke the muses, and improve my vein.", "7. Current.", "He can open a vein of true and noble thinking.", "8. Humor; particular temper.", "9. Strain; quality; as my usual vein."], "veined": ["VEINED, a. from vein.", "1. Full of veins; streaked; variegated; as veined marble.", "2. In botany, having vessels branching over the surface, as a leaf."], "vengeance": ["VENGEANCE, n. venj'ance. L. vindico.", "The infliction of pain on another, in return for an injury or offense. Such infliction, when it proceeds from malice or more resentment, and is not necessary for the purposes of justice, is revenge, and a most heinous crime. When such infliction proceeds from a mere love of justice, and the necessity of punishing offenders for the support of the laws, it is vengeance, and is warrantable and just. In this case, vengeance is a just retribution, recompense or punishment. In this latter sense the word is used in Scripture, and frequently applied to the punishments inflicted by God on sinners.", "To me belongeth vengeance and recompense. Deut. 32.", "The Lord will take vengeance on his adversaries. Nah. 1.", "With a vengeance, in familiar language, signifies with great violence or vehemence; as, to strike one with a vengeance.", "Formerly, what a vengeance, was a phrase used for what emphatical.", "But what a vengeance makes thee fly?"], "venison": ["VENISON, n. ven'izn, or ven'zn. L. venactio, a hunting, from venor, to hunt.", "The flesh of beasts of game, or of such wild animals as are taken in the chase. It is however, in the United States, applied exclusively to the flesh of the deer or cervine genus of animals."], "venom": ["VEN'OM, n. L. venenum, venor, to hunt, to drive or chase; venio, to come. See Venus, &c.", "1. Poison; matter fatal or injurious to life. Venom is generally used to express noxious matter that is applied externally, or that is discharged from animals, as that of bites and stings of serpents, scorpions, &c.; and poison, to express substances taken into the stomach.", "2. Spite; malice.", "VEN'OM, v.t. To poison; to infect with venom. Little used, but envenom is in use and elegant. Venom may be elegantly used in poetry."], "venomous": ["VEN'OMOUS, a.", "1. Poisonous; noxious to animal life; as, the bite of a serpent may be venomous. The sack at the base of the rattlesnake's teeth, contains venomous matter.", "2. Noxious; mischievous; malignant; as a venomous progeny.", "3. Spiteful; as a venomous writer."], "venomously": ["VEN'OMOUSLY, adv. Poisonously; malignantly; spitefully."], "venomousness": ["VEN'OMOUSNESS, n.", "1. Poisonousness; noxiousness to animal life.", "2. Malignity; spitefulness."], "vent": ["VENT, n. L. venio, Eng. wind, &c.; properly a passage.", "1. A small aperture; a hole or passage for air or other fluid to escape; as the vent of a cask.", "2. The opening in a cannon or other piece of artillery, by which fire is communicated to the charge.", "3. Passage from secrecy to notice; publication.", "4. The act of opening.", "5. Emission; passage; escape from confinement; as, his smothered passions urge for vent.", "6. Discharge; utterance; means of discharge.", "Had like grief been dew'd in tears, without the vent of words -;", "7. Sale; as the vent of a thousand copies of a treatise.", "8. Opportunity to sell; demand.", "There is no vent for any commodity except wool.", "9. An inn, a baiting place. Not in use.", "To give vent to, to suffer to escape; to let out; to pour forth.", "VENT, v.t.", "1. To let out at a small aperture.", "2. To let out; to suffer to escape from confinement; to utter; to pour forth; as, to vent passion or complaint.", "The queen of heav'n did thus her fury vent.", "3. To utter; to report. Not in use.", "4. To publish.", "The sectators did greatly enrich their inventions by venting the stolen treasures of divine letters. Not used.", "5. To sell.", "Therefore did those nations vent such spice. Not in use.", "Instead of vent in the latter sense, we use vend.", "VENT, v.i. To snuff. Not in use."], "venture": ["VEN'TURE, n. L. venio, ventus, venturus, to come.", "1. A hazard; an undertaking of chance or danger; the risking of something upon an event which cannot be foreseen with tolerable certainty.", "I, in this venture, double gains pursue.", "2. Chance; hap; contingency; luck; an event that is not or cannot be foreseen.", "3. The thing put to hazard; particularly, something sent to sea in trade.", "My ventures are not in one bottom trusted.", "At a venture, at hazard; without seeing the end or mark; or without foreseeing the issue.", "A bargain at a venture made.", "A certain man drew a bow at a venture. 1Kings 22.", "VEN'TURE, v.i.", "1. To dare; to have courage or presumption to do, undertake or say. A man ventures to mount a ladder; he ventures into battle; he ventures to assert things which he does not know.", "2. To run a hazard or risk.", "Who freights a ship to venture on the seas.", "To venture at,", "To venture on or upon, To dare to engage in; to attempt without any certainty of success. It is rash to venture upon such a project.", "And when I venture at the comic style.", "VEN'TURE, v.t.", "1. To expose to hazard; to risk; as, to venture one's person in a balloon.", "2. To put or send on a venture or chance; as, to venture a horse to the West Indies."], "ventured": ["VEN'TURED, pp. Put to the hazard; risked."], "venturer": ["VEN'TURER, n. One who ventures or puts to hazards."], "venturing": ["VEN'TURING, ppr. Putting to hazard; daring.", "VEN'TURING, n. The act of putting to risk; a hazarding."], "venturous": ["VEN'TUROUS, a. Daring; bold; hardy; fearless; intrepid; adventurous; as a venturous soldier.", "With vent'rous arm he pluck'd, he tasted."], "venturously": ["VEN'TUROUSLY, adv. Daringly; fearlessly; boldly."], "venturousness": ["VEN'TUROUSNESS, n. Boldness; hardiness; fearlessness; intrepidity. The event made then repent of their venturousness."], "verifiable": ["VER'IFIABLE, a. from verify. That may be verified; that may be proved or confirmed by incontestable evidence."], "verified": ["VER'IFIED, pp. Proved; confirmed by competent evidence."], "verifier": ["VER'IFIER, n. One that proves or makes appear to be true."], "verify": ["VER'IFY, v.t. L. verus, true, and facio, to make.", "1. To prove to be true; to confirm.", "This is verified by a number of examples.", "2. To fulfill, as a promise; to confirm the truth of a prediction; to show to be true. The predictions of this venerable patriot have been verified. Gen. 42. 1Kings 8.", "3. To confirm or establish the authenticity of any thing by examination or competent evidence. The first act of the house of representatives is to verify their powers, by exhibiting their credentials to a committee of the house, or other proper authority."], "verifying": ["VER'IFYING, ppr. Proving to be true; confirming; establishing as authentic."], "verily": ["VER'ILY, adv. from very.", "1. In truth; in fact; certainly.", "2. Really; truly; with great confidence. It was verily thought the enterprise would succeed."], "verity": ["VER'ITY, n. L. veritas, from verus, true.", "1. Truth; consonance of a statement, proposition or other thing to fact. 1Tim. 2.", "It is a proposition of eternal verity, that none can govern while he is despised.", "2. A true assertion or tenet.", "By this it seems to be a verity.", "3. Moral truth; agreement of the words with the thoughts."], "vermilion": ["VERMILION, a. vermil'yon. L. vermiculus, vermes; a name sometimes improperly given to the kermes. See Crimson.", "1. The cochineal, a small insect found on a particular plant. Improper or obsolete.", "2. Red sulphuret of mercury; a bright, beautiful red color of two sorts, natural and artificial. The natural is found in silver mines, in the form of a ruddy sand, which is to be prepared by purification or washing, and then levigated with water on a stone. The factitious or common vermilion is made of artificial cinnabar, ground with white wine, and afterwards with the white of an egg.", "3. Any beautiful red color. In blushing, the delicate cheek is covered with vermilion.", "VERMILION, v.t. vermil'yon. To dye red; to cover with a delicate red."], "vermilioned": ["VERMIL'IONED, pp. or a. Dyed or tinged with a bright red."], "very": ["VER'Y, a. L. verus. True; real.", "Whether thou be my very son Esau or not. Gen. 27.", "He that repeateth a matter, separateth very friends.", "Prov. 17.", "VER'Y, adv. As an adverb, or modifier of adjectives and adverbs, very denotes in a great degree, an eminent or high degree, but not generally the highest; as a very great mountain; a very bright sun; a very cold day; a very pernicious war; a very benevolent disposition; the river flows very rapidly."], "vessel": ["VES'SEL, n. L. vas, vasis. This word is probably the English vat.", "1. A cask or utensil proper for holding liquors and other things, as a tun, a pipe, a puncheon, a hogshead, a barrel, a firkin, a bottle, a kettle, a cup, a dish, &c.", "2. In anatomy, any tube or canal, in which the blood and other humors are contained, secreted or circulated, as the arteries, veins, lymphatics, spermatics, &c.", "3. In the physiology of plants, a canal or tube of very small bore, in which the sap is contained and conveyed; also, a bag or utricle, filled with pulp, and serving as a reservoir for sap; also, a spiral canal, usually of a larger bore, for receiving and distributing air.", "4. Any building used in navigation, which carries masts and sails, from the largest ship of war down to a fishing sloop. In general however, vessel is used for the smaller ships, brigs, sloops, schooners, luggers, scows, &c.", "5. Something containing.", "Vessels of wrath, in Scripture, are such persons as are to receive the full effects of God's wrath and indignation, as a punishment for their sins.", "Vessels of mercy, are persons who are to receive the effects of God's mercy, or future happiness and glory.", "Chosen vessels, ministers of the gospel, as appointed to bear the glad news of salvation to others; called also earthen vessels, on account of their weakness and frailty.", "VES'SEL, v.t. To put into a vessel. Not in use."], "vestment": ["VEST'MENT, n. L. vestimentum, from vestio, to clothe.", "A garment; some part of clothing or dress; especially some part of outer clothing; but it is not restricted to any particular garment.", "The sculptor could not give vestments suitable to the quality of the persons represented."], "vestry": ["VEST'RY, n. L. vestiarium.", "1. A room appendant to a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments, in which the sacerdotal vestments and sacred utensils are kept, and where parochial meetings are held.", "2. A parochial assembly, so called because held in the vestry.", "The council are chosen by the vestry."], "vesture": ["VEST'URE, n. See Vest.", "1. A garment; a robe.", "There polish'd chests embroider'd vesture grac'd.", "2. Dress; garments in general; habit; clothing; vestment; as the vesture of priests.", "3. Clothing; covering.", "Rocks, precipices and gulfs appareled with a vesture of plants.", "- And gild the humble vestures of the plain.", "4. In old law books, the corn with which land was covered; as the vesture of an acre.", "5. In old books, seisin; possession. Obs."], "vex": ["VEX, v.t. L. vexo.", "1. To irritate; to make angry by little provocations; a popular use of the word.", "2. To plague; to torment; to harass; to afflict.", "Ten thousand torments vex my heart.", "3. To disturb; to disquiet; to agitate.", "White curl the waves, and the vex'd ocean roars.", "4. To trouble; to distress.", "I will also vex the hearts of many people. Ezek. 32.", "5. To persecute. Act. 12.", "6. To stretch, as by hooks. Not in use.", "VEX, v.i. To fret; to be teased or irritated."], "vexed": ["VEX'ED, pp. Teased; provoked; irritated; troubled; agitated; disquieted; afflicted."], "vexing": ["VEX'ING, ppr. Provoking; irritating; afflicting."], "vexingly": ["VEX'INGLY, adv. So as to vex, tease or irritate."], "vial": ["VI'AL, n. L. phiala. A phial; a small bottle of thin glass, used particularly by apothecaries and druggists.", "Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it on his head.", "1Sam. 10.", "Vials of God's wrath, in Scripture, are the execution of his wrath upon the wicked for their sins. Rev. 16.", "VI'AL, v.t. To put in a vial."], "victorious": ["VICTO'RIOUS, a.", "1. Having conquered in battle or contest; having overcome an enemy or antagonist; conquering; vanquishing; as a victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious admiral or navy.", "2. That produces conquest; as a victorious day.", "3. Emblematic of conquest; indicating victory; as brows bound with victorious wreaths."], "victoriously": ["VICTO'RIOUSLY, adv. With conquest; with defeat of an enemy or antagonist; triumphantly; as, grace will carry us victoriously through all difficulties."], "victoriousness": ["VICTO'RIOUSNESS, n. The state of being victorious."], "victory": ["VIC'TORY, n. L. victoria, from vinco, victus, to conquer.", "1. Conquest; the defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in contest; a gaining of the superiority in war or combat. Victory supposes the power of an enemy or an antagonist to prove inferior to that of the victor. Victory however depends not always on superior skill or valor; it is often gained by the fault or mistake of the vanquished.", "Victory may be honorable to the arms, but shameful to the counsels of a nation.", "2. The advantage or superiority gained over spiritual enemies, over passions and appetites, or over temptations, or in any struggle or competition.", "Thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory, through our Lord Jesus Christ. 1Cor. 15."], "victual": ["VICTUAL. See Victuals."], "victualed": ["VICTUALED, pp. vit'ld. Supplied with provisions."], "victualer": ["VICTUALER, n. vit'ler.", "1. One who furnishes provisions.", "2. One who keeps a house of entertainment.", "3. A provision-ship; a ship employed to carry provisions for other ships, or for supplying troops at a distance."], "victualing": ["VICTUALING, ppr. vit'ling. Supplying with provisions."], "victuals": ["VICTUALS, n. vit'lz. L. victus, food, from the root of vivo, which was vigo or vico, coinciding with vigeo. Basque, vicia life. This word is now never used in the singular.", "Food for human beings, prepared for eating; that which supports human life; provisions; meat; sustenance. We never apply this word to that on which beasts or birds feed, and we apply it chiefly to food for men when cooked or prepared for the table. We do not now give this name to flesh, corn or flour, in a crude state; but we say, the victuals are well cooked or dressed, and in great abundance. We say, a man eats his victuals with a good relish.", "Such phrases as to buy victuals for the army or navy, to lay in victuals for the winter, &c. are now obsolete. We say, to buy provisions; yet we use the verb, to victual an army or ship."], "view": ["VIEW, v.t. vu. L. videre. The primary sense is to reach or extend to.", "1. To survey; to examine with the eye; to look on with attention, or for the purpose of examining; to inspect; to explore. View differs from look, see, and behold, in expressing more particular or continued attention to the thing which is the object of sight. We ascended mount Holyoke, and viewed the charming landscape below. We viewed with delight the rich valleys of the Connecticut about the town of Northhampton.", "Go up and view the country. Josh. 7.", "I viewed the walls of Jerusalem. Neh. 7.", "2. To see; to perceive by the eye.", "3. To survey intellectually; to examine with the mental eye; to consider. View the subject in all its aspects.", "VIEW, n. vu.", "1. Prospect; sight; reach of the eye.", "The walls of Pluto's palace are in view.", "2. The whole extent seen. Vast or extensive views present themselves to the eye.", "3. Sight; power of seeing, or limit of sight.", "The mountain was not within our view.", "4. Intellectual or mental sight. These things give us a just view of the designs of providence.", "5. Act of seeing. The facts mentioned were verified by actual view.", "6. Slight; eye.", "Objects near our view are thought greater than those of larger size, that are more remote.", "7. Survey; inspection; examination by the eye. The assessors took a view of the premises.", "Surveying nature with too nice a view.", "8. Intellectual survey; mental examination.", "On a just view of all the arguments in the case, the law appears to be clear.", "9. Appearance; show.", "10. Display; exhibition to the sight or mind.", "To give a right view of this mistaken part of liberty. -", "11. Prospect of interest.", "No man sets himself about any thing, but upon some view or other, which serves him for a reason.", "12. Intention; purpose; design. With that view he began the expedition. With a view to commerce, he passed through Egypt.", "13. Opinion; manner of seeing or understanding. These are my views of the policy which ought to be pursued.", "View of frankpledge, in law, a court of record, held in a hundred, lordship or manor, before the stewart of the leet.", "Point of view, the direction in which a thing is seen."], "viewed": ["VIEWED, pp. vu'ed. Surveyed; examined by the eye; inspected; considered."], "viewing": ["VIEWING, ppr. vu'ing. Surveying; examining by the eye or by the mind; inspecting; exploring.", "VIEWING, n. vu'ing. The act of beholding or surveying."], "vigil": ["VIG'IL, n. L. vigilia, vigil, walking, watchful; vigilo, to watch. This is formed on the root of Eng. wake. The primary sense is to stir or excite, to rouse, to agitate.", "1. Watch; devotion performed in the customary hours of rest or sleep.", "So they in heav'n their odes and vigils tun'd.", "2. In church affairs, the eve or evening before any feast, the ecclesiastical day beginning at 6:00 in the evening, and continuing till the same hour the following evening; hence, a religious service performed in the evening preceding a holiday.", "3. A fast observed on the day preceding a holiday; a wake.", "4. Watch; forbearance of sleep; as the vigils of the card table.", "Vigils or watchings of flowers, a term used by Linne to express a peculiar faculty belonging to the flowers of certain plants, of opening and closing their petals at certain hours of the day"], "vigilance": ["VIG'ILANCE, n. L. vigilans. See Vigil.", "1. Forbearance of sleep; a state of being awake.", "2. Watchfulness; circumspection; attention of the mind in discovering and guarding against danger, or providing for safety. Vigilance is a virtue of prime importance in a general. The vigilance of the dog is no less remarkable than his fidelity.", "3. Guard; watch.", "In at this gate none pass the vigilance here plac'd."], "vigilancy": ["VIG'ILANCY, for vigilance, is not used."], "vigilant": ["VIG'ILANT, a. L. vigilans. Watchful; circumspect; attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to provide for safety.", "Take your places and be vigilant. Be sober, be vigilant.", "1Peter 5."], "vigilantly": ["VIG'ILANTLY, adv. supra. Watchfully; with attention to danger and the means of safety; circumspectly."], "vile": ["VILE, a. L. vilis. Gr.", "1. Base; mean; worthless; despicable.", "The inhabitants account gold a vile thing.", "A man in vile raiment. James 2.", "Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed as vile in your sight? Job. 18.", "2. Morally base or impure; sinful; depraved by sin; wicked; hateful in the sight of God and of good men. The sons of Eli made themselves vile. 1Sam. 3.", "Behold I am vile; what shall I answer? Job 40."], "viled": ["VI'LED, a. Vile. Not in use."], "vilely": ["VI'LELY, adv.", "1. Basely; meanly; shamefully; as Hector vilely dragged about the walls of Troy.", "2. In a cowardly manner. 2Sam. 1.", "The Volscians vilely yielded the town."], "vileness": ["VI'LENESS, n.", "1. Baseness; meanness; despicableness.", "His vileness us shall never awe.", "2. Moral baseness or depravity; degradation by sin; extreme wickedness; as the vileness of mankind."], "village": ["VIL'LAGE, n. A small assemblage of houses, less than a town or city, and inhabited chiefly by farmers and other laboring people. In England, it is said that a village is distinguished from a town by the want of a market.", "In the United States, no such distinction exists, and any small assemblage of houses in the country is called a village."], "villager": ["VIL'LAGER, n. An inhabitant of a village."], "vine": ["VINE, n. L. vinca. See Wine.", "1. A plant that produces grapes, of the genus Vitis, and of a great number of varieties.", "2. The long slender stem of any plant, that trails on the ground, or climbs and supports itself by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing any fixed thing with its tendrils or claspers. Thus we speak of the hop vine, the bean vine, the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other encurbitaceous plants."], "vined": ["VI'NED, a. Having leaves like those of the vine."], "vinegar": ["VIN'EGAR, n.", "1. Vegetable acid; an acid liquor obtained from wine, cider, beer or other liquors, by the second or acetous fermentation. Vinegar may differ indefinitely in the degree of its acidity. When highly concentrated, it is called radical vinegar.", "2. Any thing really or metaphorically sour. Not in use.", "Vinegar of lead, a liquor formed by digesting ceruse or litharge with a sufficient quantity of vinegar to dissolve it."], "vintage": ["VINT'AGE, n. L. vindemia.", "1. The produce of the vine for the season. The vintage is abundant.", "2. The time of gathering the crop of grapes.", "3. The wine produced by the crop of grapes in one season."], "vintager": ["VINT'AGER, n. One that gathers the vintage."], "viol": ["VI'OL, n. A stringed musical instrument, of the same form as the violin, but larger, and having formerly six strings, to be struck with a bow. Viols are of different kinds. The largest of all is the base viol, whose tones are deep, soft and agreeable. The violin now takes the place of the old viol.", "Me softer airs befit, and softer strings of lute, or viol, still more apt for mournful things."], "violate": ["VI'OLATE, v.t. L. violo.", "1. To injure; to hurt; to interrupt; to disturb; as, to violate sleep.", "Kindness for man, and pity for his fate, may mix with bliss and yet not violate.", "2. To break; to infringe; to transgress; as, to violate the laws of the state, or the rules of good breeding; to violate the divine commands; to violate one's vows or promises. Promises and commands may be violated negatively, by non-observance.", "3. To injure; to do violence to.", "Forbid to violate the sacred fruit.", "4. To treat with irreverence; to profane; as, to violate the sanctity of a holy place.", "5. To ravish; to compress by force."], "violated": ["VI'OLATED, pp. Injured; broken; transgressed; ravished."], "violating": ["VI'OLATING, ppr. Injuring; infringing; ravishing."], "violation": ["VIOLA'TION, n.", "1. The act of violating or injuring; interruption, as of sleep or peace.", "2. Infringement; transgression; non-observance; as the violation of law or positive command; a violation of covenants, engagements and promises; a violation of vows.", "3. Act of irreverence; profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things; as the violation of a church.", "4. Ravishment; rape."], "violator": ["VI'OLATOR, n.", "1. One who violates, injures, interrupts or disturbs; as a violator of repose.", "2. One who infringes or transgresses; as a violator of law.", "3. One who profanes or treats with irreverence; as a violator of sacred things.", "4. A ravisher."], "violence": ["VI'OLENCE, n. L. violentia.", "1. Physical force; strength of action or motion; as the violence of a storm; the violence of a blow or of a conflict.", "2. Moral force; vehemence. The critic attacked the work with violence.", "3. Outrage; unjust force; crimes of all kinds.", "The earth was filled with violence. Gen. 6.", "4. Eagerness; vehemence.", "You ask with violence.", "5. Injury; infringement. Offer no violence to the laws, or to the rules of civility.", "6. Injury; hurt.", "Do violence to no man. Luke 3.", "7. Ravishment; rape.", "To do violence to or on, to attack; to murder.", "But, as it seems, did violence on herself.", "To do violence to, to outrage; to force; to injure. He does violence to his own opinions.", "VI'OLENCE, v.t. To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence. Little used."], "violent": ["VI'OLENT, a. L. violentus.", "1. Forcible; moving or acting with physical strength; urged or driven with force; as a violent wind; a violent stream; a violent assault or blow; a violent conflict.", "2. Vehement; outrageous; as a violent attack on the minister.", "3. Produced or continued by force; not spontaneous or natural.", "No violent state can be perpetual.", "4. Produced by violence; not natural; as a violent death.", "5. Acting by violence; assailant; not authorized.", "Some violent hands were laid on Humphry's life.", "6. Fierce; vehement; as a violent philippic; a violent remonstrance.", "We might be reckoned fierce and violent.", "7. Severe; extreme; as violent pains.", "8. Extorted; not voluntary.", "Vows made in pain, are violent and void.", "Violent presumption, in law, is presumption that arises from circumstances which necessarily attend such facts. Such circumstances being proved, the mind infers with confidence that the fact has taken place, and this confidence is a violent presumption, which amounts to proof.", "VI'OLENT, n. An assailant. Not in use.", "VI'OLENT, v.t. To urge with violence. Not used."], "violently": ["VI'OLENTLY, adv. With force; forcibly; vehemently; as, the wind blows violently.", "Forfeitures must not be exacted violently."], "viper": ["VI'PER, n. L. vipera.", "1. A serpent, a species of coluber, whose bite is remarkably venomous.", "A viper came out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts 29.", "2. A person or thing mischievous or malignant."], "viperous": ["VI'PEROUS, a. L. viperus. Having the qualities of a viper; malignant; venomous; as a viperous tongue."], "virgin": ["VIR'GIN, n. nearly vur'gin. L. virgo.", "1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man.", "2. A woman not a mother. Unusual.", "3. The sign Virgo. See Virgo.", "VIR'GIN, a.", "1. Pure; untouched; as virgin gold.", "2. Fresh; new; unused; as virgin soil.", "VIR'GIN, v.i. To play the virgin; a cant word."], "virginal": ["VIR'GINAL, a. Pertaining to a virgin; maidenly; as virginal chastity.", "VIR'GINAL, n. A keyed instrument of one string, jack and quill to each note, like a spinet, but in shape resembling the forte piano; out of use.", "VIR'GINAL, v.i. To pat; to strike as on a virginal A cant word."], "virginity": ["VIRGIN'ITY, n. L. virginitas. Maidenhood; the state of having had no carnal knowledge of man."], "virtu": ["VIR'TU, n. A love of the fine arts; a taste for curiosities."], "virtue": ["VIRTUE, n. vur'tu. L. virtus, from vireo, or its root. See Worth. The radical sense is strength, from straining, stretching, extending. This is the primary sense of L. vir, a man.", "1. Strength; that substance or quality of physical bodies, by which they act and produce effects on other bodies. In this literal and proper sense, we speak of the virtue or virtues of plants in medicine, and the virtues of drugs. In decoctions, the virtues of plants are extracted. By long standing in the open air, the virtues are lost.", "2. Bravery valor. This was the predominant signification of virtus among the Romans.", "Trust to thy single virtue.", "This sense is nearly or quite obsolete.", "3. Moral goodness; the practice of moral duties and the abstaining from vice, or a conformity of life and conversation to the moral law. In this sense, virtue may be, and in many instances must be, distinguished from religion. The practice of moral duties merely from motives of convenience, or from compulsion, or from regard to reputation, is virtue, as distinct from religion. The practice of moral duties from sincere love to God and his laws, is virtue and religion. In this sense it is true,", "That virtue only makes our bliss below.", "Virtue is nothing but voluntary obedience to truth.", "4. A particular moral excellence; as the virtue of temperance, of chastity, of charity.", "Remember all his virtues.", "5. Acting power; something efficacious.", "Jesus, knowing that virtue had gone out of him, turned - Mark 3.", "6. Secret agency; efficacy without visible or material action.", "She moves the body which she doth possess,", "Yet no part toucheth, but by virtue's touch.", "7. Excellence; or that which constitutes value and merit.", "- Terence, who thought the sole grace and virtue of their fable, the sticking in of sentences.", "8. One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy.", "Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers.", "9. Efficacy; power.", "He used to travel through Greece by virtue of this fable, which procured him reception in all the towns.", "10. Legal efficacy or power; authority. A man administers the laws by virtue of a commission.", "In virtue, in consequence; by the efficacy or authority.", "This they shall attain, partly in virtue of the promise of God, and partly in virtue of piety."], "virtuous": ["VIR'TUOUS, a.", "1. Morally good; acting in conformity to the moral law; practicing the moral duties, and abstaining from vice; as a virtuous man.", "2. Being in conformity to the moral or divine law; as a virtuous action; a virtuous life.", "The mere performance of virtuous actions does not denominate an agent virtuous.", "3. Chaste; applied to women.", "4. Efficacious by inherent qualities; as virtuous herbs; virtuous drugs. Not in use.", "5. Having great or powerful properties; as virtuous steel; a virtuous staff; a virtuous ring. Not in use.", "6. Having medicinal qualities. Not used."], "virtuously": ["VIR'TUOUSLY, adv. In a virtuous manner; in conformity with the moral law or with duty; as a life virtuously spent.", "A child virtuously educated."], "virtuousness": ["VIR'TUOUSNESS, n. The state or character of being virtuous."], "visage": ["VIS'AGE, n. s as z. L. visus, video.", "The face; the countenance or look of a person, or of other animal; chiefly applied to human beings; as a wolfish visage.", "Love and beauty still that visage grace.", "His visage was so marred, more than any man. Is. 52."], "visaged": ["VIS'AGED, a. Having a visage or countenance."], "visibility": ["VISIBIL'ITY, n. s as z.", "1. The state or quality of being perceivable to the eye; as the visibility of minute particles, or of distant objects.", "2. The state of being discoverable or apparent; conspicuousness; as the perpetual visibility of the church."], "visible": ["VIS'IBLE, a. s as z. L. visibilis.", "1. Perceivable by the eye; that can be seen; as a visible star; the least spot is visible on white paper; air agitated by heat becomes visible; as the air near a heated stove, or over a dry sandy plain, appears like pellucid waves.", "Virtue made visible in outward grace.", "2. Discovered to the eye; as visible spirits.", "3. Apparent; open; conspicuous. Factions at court became more visible.", "Visible church, in theology, the apparent church of Christ; the whole body of professed believers in Christ, as contradistinguished from the real or invisible church, consisting of sanctified persons.", "Visible horizon, the line that bounds the sight."], "visibleness": ["VIS'IBLENESS, n. State or quality of being visible; visibility."], "visibly": ["VIS'IBLY, adv. In a manner perceptible to the eye. The day is visibly governed by the sun; the tides are visibly governed by the moon."], "vision": ["VI'SION, n. s as z. L. visio, from video, visus.", "1. The act of seeing external objects; actual sight.", "Faith here is turned into vision there.", "2. The faculty of seeing; sight. Vision is far more perfect and acute in some animals than in man.", "3. Something imagined to be seen, though not real; a phantom; a specter.", "No dreams, but visions strange.", "4. In Scripture, a revelation from God; an appearance or exhibition of something supernaturally presented to the minds of the prophets, by which they were informed of future events. Such were the visions of Isaiah, of Amos, of Ezekiel, &c.", "5. Something imaginary; the production of fancy.", "6. Any thing which is the object of sight."], "visional": ["VI'SIONAL, a. Pertaining to a vision."], "visit": ["VIS'IT, v.t. L. visito, viso, to go to see. We see the sense is to go, to move to.", "1. To go or come to see; to attend. The physician visits his patient and prescribes. One friend visits another from respect or affection. Paul and Barnabas visited the churches they had planted, to know their state and confirm their faith. Men visit England, France or Italy in their travels.", "2. To go or come to see for inspection, examination, correction of abuses, &c.; as, a bishop visits his diocese; a superintendent visits those persons or works which are under his care.", "3. To salute with a present.", "Samson visited his wife with a kid. Judges 15.", "4. To go to and to use; as, to visit the springs.", "To visit in mercy, in Scriptural language, to be propitious; to grant requests; to deliver from trouble; to support and comfort.", "It is thus God visits his people. Gen. 21. Zech. 10.", "Luke 12.", "To visit with the rod, to punish. Ps. 89.", "To visit in wrath, or visit iniquity or sings upon, to chastise; to bring judgments on; to afflict. Ex. 20.", "To visit the fatherless and widow, or the sick and imprisoned, to show them regard and pity, and relieve their wants. Matt. 25. James 1.", "VIS'IT, v.i. To keep up the interchange of civilities and salutations; to practice going to see others. We ought not to visit for pleasure or ceremony on the sabbath.", "VIS'IT, n.", "1. The act of going to see another, or of calling at his house; a waiting on; as a visit of civility or respect; a visit of ceremony; a short visit; a long visit; a pleasant visit.", "2. The act of going to see; as a visit to Saratoga or to Niagara.", "3. A going to see or attending on; as the visit of a physician.", "4. The act of going to view or inspect; as the visit of a trustee or inspector."], "visitable": ["VIS'ITABLE, a. Liable or subject to be visited. all hospitals built since the reformation are visitable by the king or lord chancellor."], "visitant": ["VIS'ITANT, n. One that goes or comes to see another; one who is a guest in the house of a friend.", "When the visitant comes again he is no more a stranger."], "visitation": ["VISITA'TION, n. L. visito.", "1. The act of visiting.", "Nothing but peace and gentle visitation.", "2. Object of visit.", "My early visitation and my last. Unusual.", "3. In law, the act of a superior or superintending officer, who visits a corporation, college, church or other house, to examine into the manner in which it is conducted, and see that its laws and regulations are duly observed and executed. In England, the visitation of the diocese belongs to the bishop; parochial visitation belongs peculiarly to the archdeacons.", "4. In Scripture, and in a religious sense, the sending of afflictions and distresses on men to punish them for their sins, or to prove them. Hence afflictions, calamities and judgments are called visitations.", "What will ye do in the day of visitation? Is. 10.", "5. Communication of divine love; exhibition of divine goodness and mercy."], "visited": ["VIS'ITED, pp. Waited on; attended; inspected; subjected to sufferings; favored with relief or mercy."], "visiting": ["VIS'ITING, ppr.", "1. Going or coming to see; attending on, as a physician; inspecting officially; afflicting; showing mercy to.", "2. a. Authorized to visit and inspect; as a visiting committee.", "VIS'ITING, n. The act of going to see or of attending; visitation."], "vocation": ["VOCA'TION, n. L. vocatio, from voco, to call. See Voice.", "1. Among divines, a calling by the will of God; or the bestowment of God's distinguishing grace upon a person or nation, by which that person or nation is put in the way of salvation; as the vocation of the Jews under the old dispensation, and of the Gentiles under the gospel.", "2. Summons; call; inducement.", "What can be urged for them who, not having the vocation of poverty to scribble, out of mere wantonness make themselves ridiculous!", "3. Designation or destination to a particular state or profession.", "None is to enter the ecclesiastic or monastie state, without a particular vocation.", "4. Employment; calling; occupation; trade; a word that includes professions as well as mechanical occupations. Let every divine, every physician, every lawyer, and every mechanic, be faithful and diligent in his vocation."], "voice": ["VOICE, n. L. vox; voco. The sense of the verb is to throw, to drive out sound; and voice is that which is driven out.", "1. Sound or audible noise uttered by the mouth, either of human beings or of other animals. We say, the voice of a man is loud or clear; the voice of a woman is soft or musical; the voice of a dog is loud or harsh; the voice of a bird is sweet or melodious. The voice of human beings is articulate; that of beasts, inarticulate. The voices of men are different, and when uttered together, are often dissonant.", "2. Any sound made by the breath; as the trumpet's voice.", "3. A vote; suffrage; opinion or choice expressed. Originally voice was the oral utterance of choice, but it now signifies any vote however given.", "Some laws ordain, and some attend the choice of holy senates, and elect by voice.", "I have no words; my voice is in my sword.", "4. Language; words; expression.", "Let us call on God in the voice of his church.", "5. In Scripture, command; precept.", "Ye would not be obedient to the voice of the Lord your God. Deut. 8.", "6. Sound.", "After the fire, a still small voice. 1Kings 19.", "Canst thou thunder with a voice like him? Job. 40.", "The floods have lifted up their voice. Ps. 93.", "7. Language; tone; mode of expression.", "I desire to be present with you now, and to change my voice. Gal. 4.", "8. In grammar, a particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs; as the active voice; the passive voice.", "VOICE, v.t.", "1. To rumor; to report.", "It was voiced that the king purposed to put to death Edward Plantagenet. Little used.", "2. To fit for producing the proper sounds; to regulate the tone of; as, to voice the pipes of an organ.", "3. To vote.", "VOICE, v.i. To clamor; to exclaim. Obs."], "voiced": ["VOIC'ED, pp.", "1. Fitted to produce the proper tones.", "2. a. Furnished with a voice."], "void": ["VOID, a. L. viduus, divido. Gr.", "1. Empty; vacant; not occupied with any visible matter; as a void space or place. 1Kings 22.", "2. Empty; without inhabitants or furniture. Gen. 1.", "3. Having no legal or binding force; null; not effectual to bind parties, or to convey or support a right; not sufficient to produce its effect. Thus a deed not duly signed and sealed, is void. A fraudulent contract is void, or may be rendered void.", "My word shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please. Is. 55.", "I will make void the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem in this place. Jer. 19.", "4. Free; clear; as a conscience void of offense. Acts 24.", "5. Destitute; as void of learning; void of reason or common sense.", "He that is void of wisdom, despiseth his neighbor.", "Prov. 11.", "6. Unsupplied; vacant; unoccupied; having no incumbent.", "Divers offices that had been long void.", "7. Unsubstantial; vain.", "Lifeless idol, void and vain.", "Void space, in physics, a vacuum.", "1. To make void; to violate; to transgress.", "They have made void thy law. Ps. 119.", "2. To render useless or of no effect. Rom. 4.", "VOID, n. An empty space; a vacuum.", "Pride, where wit falls, steps in to our defense, and fills up all the mighty void of sense.", "Th' illimitable void.", "VOID, v.t.", "1. To quit; to leave.", "Bid them come down, or void the field.", "2. To emit; to send out; to evacuate; as, to void excrementitious matter; to void worms.", "3. To vacate; to annul; to nullify; to render of no validity or effect.", "It had become a practice - to void the security given for money borrowed.", "4. To make or leave vacant.", "VOID, v.i. To be emitted or evacuated."], "voided": ["VOID'ED, pp.", "1. Thrust out; evacuated.", "2. a. In heraldry, having the inner or middle part cut out, as an ordinary."], "voiding": ["VOID'ING, ppr.", "1. Ejecting; evacuating.", "2. Making or declaring void, or of no force.", "3. Quitting; leaving.", "4. a. Receiving what is ejected; as a voiding lobby."], "voidness": ["VOID'NESS, n.", "1. Emptiness; vacuity; destitution.", "2. Nullify; inefficacy; want of binding force.", "3. Want of substantiality."], "volume": ["VOL'UME, n. L. volumen, a roll; volvo, to roll. to make u long, in this word, is palpably wrong.", "1. Primarily a roll, as the ancients wrote on long strips of bark, parchment or other material, which they formed into rolls or folds. Of such volumes, Ptolemy's library in Alexandria contained 3 or 700,000.", "2. A roll or turn; as much as is included in a roll or coil; as the volume of a serpent.", "3. Dimensions; compass; space occupied; as the volume of an elephant's body; a volume of gas.", "4. A swelling or spherical body.", "The undulating billows rolling their silver volumes.", "5. A book; a collection of sheets of paper, usually printed or written paper, folded and bound, or covered. A book consisting of sheets once folded, is called a folio, or a folio volume; of sheets twice folded, a quarto; and thus according to the number of leaves in a sheet, it is called an octavo, or a duodecimo. The Scriptures or sacred writings, bound in a single volume, are called the Bible. The number of volumes in the Royal Library, in rue de Richlieu, at Paris, is variously estimated. It is probable it may amount to 400,000.", "An odd volume of a set of books, bears not the value of its proportion to the set.", "6. In music, the compass of a voice from grave to acute; the tone or power of voice."], "volumed": ["VOL'UMED, a. Having the form of a volume or roll; as volumed mist."], "voluntarily": ["VOL'UNTARILY, adv. from voluntary. Spontaneously; of one's own will; without being moved, influenced or impelled by others.", "To be agents voluntarily in our own destruction, is against God and nature."], "voluntariness": ["VOL'UNTARINESS, n. The state of being voluntary or optional."], "voluntary": ["VOL'UNTARY, a. L. voluntarius, from voluntas, will, from volo.", "1. Acting by choice or spontaneously; acting without being influenced or impelled by another.", "2. Free, or having power to act by choice; not being under restraint; as, man is a voluntary agent.", "3. Proceeding from choice or free will.", "That sin or guilt pertains exclusively to voluntary action, is the true principle of orthodoxy.", "4. Willing; acting with willingness.", "She fell to lust a voluntary prey.", "5. Done by design; purposed; intended. If a man kills another by lopping a tree, here is no voluntary murder.", "6. Done freely, or of choice; proceeding from free will. He went into voluntary exile. He made a voluntary surrender.", "7. Acting of his own accord; spontaneous; as the voluntary dictates of knowledge.", "8. Subject to the will; as the voluntary motions of an animal. Thus the motion of a leg or an arm is voluntary, but the motion of the heart is involuntary.", "A voluntary escape, in law, is the escape of a prisoner by the express consent of the sheriff.", "Voluntary jurisdiction, is that which is exercised in doing that which no one opposes; as in granting dispensations, &c.", "Voluntary affidavit or oath, is one made in an extra-judicial matter.", "Voluntary waste, is that which is committed by positive acts.", "VOL'UNTARY, n.", "1. One who engages in any affair of his own free will; a volunteer. In this sense, volunteer is now generally used.", "2. In music, a piece played by a musician extemporarily, according to his fancy. In the Philosophical Transactions, we have a method of writing voluntaries, as fast as the musician plays the notes. This is by a cylinder turning under the keys of the organ.", "3. A composition for the organ."], "vomit": ["VOM'IT, v.i. L. vomo. probably the Gr. is the same word, with the loss of its first letter.", "To eject the contents of the stomach by the mouth. Some persons vomit with ease, as do cats and dogs. But horses do not vomit.", "VOM'IT, v.t.", "1. To throw up or eject from the stomach; to discharge from the stomach through the mouth. It is followed often by up or out, but without necessity and to the injury of the language. In the yellow fever, the patients often vomit dark colored matter, like coffee grounds.", "The fish vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. Jonah 2.", "2. To eject with violence from any hollow place. Volcanoes vomit flames, ashes, stones and liquid lava.", "VOM'IT, n.", "1. The matter ejected from the stomach.", "2. That which excites the stomach to discharge its contents; an emetic.", "Black vomit, the dark colored matter ejected from the stomach in the last stage of the yellow fever or other malignant disease; hence, the yellow fever, vulgarly so called."], "vomited": ["VOM'ITED, pp. Ejected from the stomach through the mouth, or from any deep place through an opening."], "vomiting": ["VOM'ITING, ppr. Discharging from the stomach through the mouth, or ejecting from any deep place.", "VOM'ITING, n.", "1. The act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth. Vomiting is an inverted action of the stomach.", "2. The act of throwing out substances with violence from a deep hollow, as a volcano, &c."], "vomition": ["VOMI'TION, n. The act or power of vomiting."], "vomitive": ["VOM'ITIVE, a. Causing the ejection of matter from the stomach; emetic."], "vow": ["VOW, n.", "1. A solemn promisemade to God, or by a pagan to his deity. The Roman generals when they went to war, sometimes made a vow that they would build a temple to some favorite deity, if he would give them victory. A vow is a promise of something to be given or done hereafter.", "A person is constituted a religious by taking three vows, of chastity, of poverty, and of obedience. Among the Isrealites, the vows of children were not binding, unless ratified by the express or tacit consent of their father. Num. 30.", "2. A solemn promise; as the vows of unchangeable love and fidelity. In a moral and religious sense, vows are promises to God, as they appeal to God to witness their sincerity, and the violation of them is a most heinous offense.", "VOW, v.t.", "1. To give, consecrate or dedicate to God by a solemn promise. When Jacob went to Mesopotamia, he vowed to God a tenth of this substance, and his own future devotion to his service. Gen. 28.", "When thou vowest a vow, defer not to pay it. Eccles. 5.", "2. To devote.", "VOW, v.i. To make vows or solemn promises. He that vows, must be careful to perform."], "vowed": ["VOWED, pp. Solemnly promised to God; given or consecrated by solemn promise."], "vowing": ["VOWING, ppr. Making a vow."], "voyage": ["VOYAGE, n.", "1. A passing by sea or water from one place, port or country to another, especially a passing or journey by water to a distant place or country. Captain L. made more than a hundred voyages to the West Indies. A voyage over lake Superior is like a voyage to Bermuda.", "2. The practice of traveling. Not in use.", "VOYAGE, v.i. To sail or pass by water.", "VOYAGE, v.t. To travel; to pass over.", "I with pain Voyagd th unreal, vast, unbounded deep."], "voyager": ["VOYAGER, n. One who sails or passes by sea or water.", "A private voyager I pass the main."], "vulture": ["VULTURE, n. A genus of fowls, belonging to the order of Accipiters. The bill is straight, but hooked at the end, and covered at the base by a cere of skin. The head is naked. There are thirteen species, all carnivorous and rapacious. The vultur is one of the largest kinds of fowls, and the Condor of South America, one of this family, is the largest species of flying animals that has been discovered."], "wafer": ["WAFER, n.", "1. A thin cake or leaf; as a wafer of bread given by the Romanists in the Eucharist.", "2. A thin leaf of paste, or a composition of flour, the white of eggs, isinglass and yeast, spread over with gumwater and dried; used in sealing letters.", "WAFER, v.t. To seal or close with a wafer."], "wag": ["WAG, v.t. To move one way and the other with quick turns; to move a little way, and then turn the other way; as, to wag the head.", "Every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. Jer. 18. Matt 27. Wag expresses particulary the motion of the head and body used in buffoonery, mirth, derision, sport and mockery. It is applied also to birds and beasts; as, to wag the tail.", "WAG, v.i.", "1. To be quick in ludicrous motion; to stir.", "Tis merry in hall, where beards wag all.", "Tremble and start at wagging of a straw.", "2. To go; to depart; to pack offf.", "I will provoke him tot, or let him wag.", "3. To be moved one way and the other.", "The resty sieve waggd neer the more.", "WAG, n. A droll; a man full of low sport and humor; a ludicrous fellow.", "We wink at wags, when they offend.", "The counselor never pleaded without a piece of packthread in his hand, which he used to twist about his finger all the while he was speaking; the wags used to call it the thread of his discourse."], "wage": ["WAGE, v.t.", "1. To lay; to bet; to throw down as a pledge; to stake; to put at hazard on the event of a contest. Thisis the common popular sense of the word in New England; as, to wage a dollar; to wage a horse.", "2. To venture; to hazard.", "To wake and wage a danger profitless.", "3. To make; to begin; to carry on; that is, to go forward or advance to attack, as in invasion or aggression; used in the phrase, to wage war. he waged war with all his enemies.", "He ponderd which of all his sons was fit", "To reign, and wage immortal war with wit.", "4. To set to hire.", "Thou must wage Thy works for wealth. Not in use.", "5. To take to hire; to hire for pay; to employ for wages; as eaged soldiers. He was well waged and rewarded.", "To wage oness law, to give security to make ones law. The defendent is then to swear that he owes nothing to the plaintiff, and eleven neighbors, called compurgators, are to avow upon their oaths, that they believe in their consciences he has declared the truth. This is called wager of law."], "waged": ["WAGED, pp. laid; deposited; as a pledge; made or gegun, as war."], "wages": ["WAGES, n. plural in termination, but singular in signification.", "1. Hire; reward; that which is paid or stipulated for services; but chiefly for services by manual labor, or for military and naval services. We speak of servants wages, a laborers wages, or soldiers wages; but we never apply the word to the rewards given to men in office, which are called fees or salary. The word is however sometimes applied to the compensation given to representatives in the legislature. U. States", "Tell me, what shall thy wages be? Gen. 29.", "Be content with your wages. Luke 3.", "2. Reward; fruit; recompense; that which is given or received in return.", "The wages of sin is death. Rom. 6."], "wagon": ["WAGON, n.", "1. A vehicle moved on four wheels, and usually drawn by horses; used for the transportation of heavy commodities. In America, light wagons are used for the conveyance of families, and for carrying light commodities to market, particulary a very light kind drawn by one horse.", "2. A chariot. Not in use.", "WAGON, v.t. To transport in a wagon. Goods are wagoned from London to the interior.", "WAGON, v.i. To practice the transportation of goods in a wagon. The man wagons between Philadelphia and Pittsburg."], "wagoner": ["WAGONER, n.", "1. One who conducts a wagon.", "2. A constellation, Charles wain."], "wagoning": ["WAGONING, ppr. Transporting in a wagon.", "WAGONING, n. The business of transporting in a wagon."], "wail": ["WAIL, v.t. To lament; to moan; to bewail.", "Or if no more her absent lord she wails--", "WAIL, v.i. To weep; to express sorrow audibly.", "Therefore I will wail and howl. Micah 1.", "WAIL, n. Loud weeping; violent lamentation."], "wailful": ["WAILFUL, a. Sorrowful; mournful."], "wailing": ["WAILING, ppr. Lamenting with audible cries.", "WAILING, n. Loud cries of sorrow; deep lamentation.", "There shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. Matthew 13."], "wait": ["WAIT, v.i. The sense is to stop, or to continue.", "1. To stay or rest in expectation; to stop or remain stationary, till the arrival of some person or event. Thus we say, I went to the place of meeting, and there waited an hour for the moderator or chairman. I will go to the hotel, and there wait till you come. We will wait for the mail.", "2. To stay proceedings, or suspend any business, in expectation of some person, event, or the arrival of some hour. The court was obliged to wait for a witness.", "3. To rest in expectation and patience.", "All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job 14.", "4. To stay; not to depart.", "Haste, my dear father, tis no time to wait.", "5. To stay; to continue by reason of hindrance.", "6. To lie in ambush, as an enemy.", "Such ambush waited to intercept thy way.", "To wait on or upon, to attend, as a servant; to perform menial services for; as, to wait on a gentleman; to wait on the table.", "To wait on,", "1. To attend; to go to see; to visit on business or for ceremony. Tell the gentleman I will wait on him at ten oclock.", "2. To pay servile or submissive attendance.", "3. To follow, as a consequence; as the ruin that waits on such a supine temper. Instead of this, we use await.", "4. To look watchfully.", "It is a point of cunning to wait on him with whom you speak, with your eye. Unusual.", "5. To attend to; to perform.", "Aaron and his sons shall wait on their priests office. Numbers 3, 8. Romans 12.", "6. To be ready to serve; to obey. Psalm 25. Proverbs 20.", "To wait at, to attend in service; to perform service at. 1 Corinthians 9.", "To wait for, to watch, as an enemy. Job 15."], "waiting": ["WAITING, ppr. Staying in expectation.", "Waiting on, attending; accompanying; serving.", "Waiting for, staying for the arrival of.", "Waiting at, staying or attending at in expectation or in service.", "In waiting, in attendance."], "waits": ["WAITS, n.", "1. Itinerant nocturnal musicians. Not in use.", "2. Nocturnal musicians who attended great men."], "wake": ["WAKE, v.i. G. The primary sense is to stir, to rouse, to excite.", "1. To be awake; to continue awake; to watch; not to sleep. Psalm 127.", "The father waketh for the daughter.", "Though wisdom wakes, suspicion sleeps.", "I cannot think any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it.", "2. To be excited or roused from sleep; to awake; to be awakened. He wakes at the slightest noise.", "3. To cease to sleep; to awake.", "4. To be quick; to be alive or active.", "5. To be excited from a torpid state; to be put in motion. The dormant powers of nature wake from their frosty slumbers.", "Gentle airs to fan the earth now wakd.", "WAKE, v.t.", "1. To rouse from sleep.", "The angel that talked with me, came again and waked me. Zechariah 4.", "2. To arouse; to excite; to put in motion or action.", "Prepare war, wake up the mighty men. Joel 3.", "The use of up is common, but not necessary.", "To wake the soul by tender strokes of art.", "3. To bring to life again, as if from the sleep of death.", "To second life wakd in the renovation of the just.", "WAKE, n.", "1. The feast of the dedication of the church, formerly kept by watching all night.", "2. Vigils; state of forbearing sleep.", "--Their merry wakes and pastimes keep.", "3. Act of waking. Old song.", "Wake of a ship, the track it leaves in the water, formed by the meeting of the water, which rushes from each side to fill the space which the ship makes in passing through it.", "To be in the wake of a ship, is to be in her track, or in a line with her keel."], "wakeful": ["WAKEFUL, a.", "1. Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep.", "Dissembling sleep, but wakeful with the fright--", "2. Watchful; vigilant."], "wakefulness": ["WAKEFULNESS, n.", "1. Indisposition to sleep.", "2. Forbearance of sleep; want of sleep."], "waking": ["WAKING, ppr.", "1. Being awake; not sleeping.", "2. Rousing from sleep; exciting into motion or action.", "WAKING, n.", "1. The period of being awake.", "2. Watch."], "waken": ["WAKEN, v.i. wakn. To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened.", "Early Turnus wakning with the light.", "WAKEN, v.t. wakn.", "1. To excite or rouse from sleep.", "Go, waken Eve.", "2. To excite to action or motion.", "Then Homers and Tyraeus martial muse wakend the world.", "3. To excite; to produce; to rouse into action.", "They introduce their sacred song, and waken raptures high."], "wakened": ["WAKENED, pp. Roused from sleep; excited into action."], "wakener": ["WAKENER, n. One who rouses from sleep."], "wakening": ["WAKENING, ppr. Rousing form sleep or stupidity; calling into action."], "walk": ["WALK, v.i. G., to full, to felt hats; a fuller; to stir, to be agitated, to rove, to travel, to wander, to roll. Our ancestors appropriated the verb to moving on the feet, and the word is peculiarly expressive of that rolling or wagging motion which marks the walk of clownish people.", "1. To move slowly on the feet; to step slowly along; to advance by steps moderately repeated; as animals. Walking in men differs from running only in the rapidity and length of the steps; but in quadrupeds, the motion or order of the feet is sometimes changed.", "At the end of twelve months, he walked in the palace of the kingdom of Babylon. Daniel 4.", "When Peter had come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus. Matthew 14.", "2. To move or go on the feet for exercise or amusement. Hundreds of students daily walk on Downing terrace in Cambridge.", "3. To appear, as a specter.", "The spirits of the dead may walk again.", "4. To act on any occasion.", "Do you think Id walk in any plot?", "5. To be in motion, as a clamorous tongue.", "Her tongue did walk in foul reproach.", "6. To act or move on the feet in sleep.", "When was it she last walkd? But this is unusual. When we speak of noctambulation, we say, to walk in sleep.", "7. To range; to be stirring.", "Affairs that walk, as they say spirits do at midnight. Unusual.", "8. To move off; to depart.", "When he comes forth he will make their cows and garrans walk. Not elegant.", "9. In Scripture, to live and act or behave; to pursue a particular course of life.", "To walk with God, to live in obedience to his commands, and have communion with him. Genesis 5.", "To walk in darkness, to live in ignorance, error and sin, without comfort. 1 John 1.", "To walk in the light, to live int he practice of religion, and to enjoy its consolations. 1 John 1.", "To walk by faith, to live in the firm belief of the gospel and its promises, and to rely on Christ for salvation. 2 Corinthians 5.", "To walk through the fire, to be exercised with severe afflictions. Isaiah 43.", "To walk after the flesh, to indulge sensual appetites, and to live in sin. Romans 8.", "To walk after the Spirit, to be guided by the counsels and influences of the Spirit and by the word of God, and to live a life of holy deportment.", "To walk in the flesh, to live this natural life, which is subject to infirmities and calamities. 2 Corinthians 10.", "To walk in, to enter, as a house. Walk in, gentlemen.", "WALK, v.t. wauk.", "1. To pass through or upon; as, to walk the streets. This is elliptical for to walk in or through the street.", "2. To cause to walk or step slowly; to lead, drive or ride with a slow pace. He found the road so bad he was obliged to walk his horse. The coachman walked his horses from Woodbridge to Princeton.", "WALK, n. Wauk.", "1. The act of walking; the act of moving on the feet with a slow pace.", "2. The act of walking for air or exercise; as a morning walk; an evening walk.", "3. Manner of walking; gait; step. We often know a person in a distant apartment by his walk.", "4. Length of way or circuit through which one walks; or a place for walking; as a long walk; a short walk. The gardens of the Tuilerie and of the Luxemburgh are very pleasant walks.", "5. An avenue set with trees.", "6. Way; road; range; place of wandering.", "The mountains are his walks.", "The starry walks above.", "7. Region; space.", "He opened a boundless walk for his imagination.", "8. Course of life or pursuit. This is not within the walk of the historian.", "9. The slowest pace of a horse, ox or other quadruped.", "10. A fish. A mistake for whelk.", "11. In the West Indies, a plantation of canes, &c.", "A sheep walk, so called, is high and dry land where sheep pasture."], "walking": ["WALKING, ppr. Wauking. Moving on the legs with a slow pace; moving; conducting ones self.", "WALKING, n. Wauking. The act of moving on the feet with a slow pace."], "wall": ["WALL, n. L., stake, post, probably originally a fence of stakes, a palisade or stockade; the first rude fortification of uncivilized men.", "1. A work or structure of stone, brick or other materials, raised to some highth, and intended for a defense or security. Walls of stone, with or without cement, are much used in America for fences on farms; walls are laid as the foundations of houses and the security of cellars. Walls of stone or brick form the exterior of buildings, and they are often raised round cities and forts as a defense against enemies.", "2. Walls, in the plural, is used for fortifications in general; works for defense.", "I rush undaunted to defend the walls.", "3. A defense; means of security or protection. 1 Samuel 25.", "To take the wall, to take the upper or most honorable place.", "I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montagues."], "walled": ["WALLED, pp. Inclosed or fortified with a wall."], "walling": ["WALLING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with a wall.", "WALLING, n. Walls in general; materials for walls."], "wallow": ["WALLOW, v.i. L., G. This verb seems to be connected with well, walk, &c.", "1. To roll ones body on the earth, in mire, or on other substance; to tumble and roll in water. Swine wallow in the mire.", "2. To move heavily and clumsily.", "Part huge of bulk, wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait, tempest the ocean. Unusual.", "3. To live in filth or gross vice; as man wallowing in his native impurity.", "WALLOW, v.t. To roll ones body.", "Wallow thyself in ashes. Jeremiah 6.", "WALLOW, n. A kind of rolling walk."], "wallower": ["WALLOWER, n. One that rolls in mire."], "wallowing": ["WALLOWING, ppr. Rolling the body on any thing."], "wander": ["WANDER, v.i. G., to wander, to walk, to change, exchange or transform.", "1. To rove; to ramble here and there without any certain course or object in view; as, to wander over the fields; to wander about the town, or about the country. Men may sometimes wander for amusement or exercise. Persons sometimes wander because they have no home and are wretched, and sometimes because they have no occupation.", "They wandered about in sheep-skins and goat-skins. Hebrews 11.", "He wandereth abroad for bread. Job 15.", "He was wandering in the field. Genesis 37.", "2. To leave home; to depart; to migrate.", "When God caused me to wander from my fathers house-- Genesis 20.", "3. To depart from the subject in discussion; as, to wander from the point.", "4. In a moral sense, to stray; to deviate; to depart from duty or rectitude.", "O let me not wander from they commandments. Psalm 119.", "5. To be delirious; not to be under the guidance of reason; as, the mind wanders.", "WANDER, v.t. To travel over without a certain course.", "Wandring many a famous realm. Elliptical."], "wanderer": ["WANDERER, n. A rambler; one that roves; one that deviates from duty."], "wandering": ["WANDERING, ppr. Roving; rambling; deviating from duty.", "WANDERING, n.", "1. Peregrination; a traveling without a settled course.", "2. Aberration; mistaken way; deviation from rectitude; as a wandering from duty.", "3. A roving of the mind or thoughts from the point or business in which one ought to be engaged.", "4. The roving of the mind in a dream.", "5. The roving of the mind in delirium.", "6. Uncertainty; want of being fixed."], "wanderingly": ["WANDERINGLY, adv. In a wandering or unsteady manner."], "want": ["WANT, n.", "1. Deficiency; defect; the absence of that which is necessary or useful; as a want of power or knowledge fro any purpose; want of food and clothing. The want of money is a common want. 2 Corinthians 8, 9.", "From having wishes in consequence of our wants, we often feel wants in consequence of our wishes.", "2. Need; necessity; the effect of deficiency.", "Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and more saucy.", "3. Poverty; penury; indigence.", "Nothing is so hard for those who abound in riches as to conceive how others can be in want.", "4. The state of not having. I cannot write a letter at present for want of time.", "5. That which is not possessed, but is desired or necessary for use or pleasure.", "Habitual superfluities become actual wants.", "6. A mole.", "WANT, v.t. waunt.", "1. To be destitute; to be deficient in; not to have; a word of general application; as, to want knowledge; to want judgment; to want learning; to want food and clothing; to want money.", "2. To be defective or deficient in. Timber may want strength or solidity to answer its purpose.", "3. To fall short; not to contain or have. The sum want a dollar of the amount of debt.", "Nor think, though men were none, that heaven would want spectators, God want praise.", "4. To be without.", "The unhappy never want enemies.", "5. To need; to have occasion for, as useful, proper or requisite. Our manners want correction. In winter we want a fire; in summer we want cooling breezes. We all want more public spirit and more virtue.", "6. To wish for; to desire. Every man wants a little pre-eminence over his neighbor. Many want that which they cannot obtain, and which if they could obtain, would certainly ruin them.", "What wants my son?", "WANT, v.i. waunt.", "1. To be deficient; not to be sufficient.", "As in bodies, thus in souls, we find what wants in blood and spirits, swelld with wind.", "2. To fail; to be deficient; to be lacking.", "No time shall find me wanting to my truth.", "3. To be missed; not to be present. The jury was full, wanting one.", "4. To fall short; to be lacking.", "Twelve, wanting one, he slew."], "wanted": ["WANTED, pp. Needed; desired."], "wanting": ["WANTING, ppr.", "1. Needing; lacking; desiring.", "2. a. Absent; deficient. One of the twelve is wanting. We have the means, but the application is wanting.", "3. Slack; deficient. I shall not be wanting in exertion."], "wanton": ["WANTON, a.", "1. Wandering or roving in gaiety or sport; sportive; frolicsome; darting aside, or one way and the other. Wanton boys kill flies for sport.", "Not a wild and wanton herd.", "2. Moving or flying loosely; playing in the wind.", "She her unadorned golden tresses wore disheveld, but in wanton ringlets wavd.", "3. Wandering from moral rectitude; licentious; dissolute; indulging in sensuality without restraint; as men grown wanton by prosperity.", "My plenteous joys, wanton in fullness--", "4. More appropriately, deviating from the rules of chastity; lewd; lustful; lascivious; libidinous.", "Thou art froward by nature, enemy to peace, lascivious wanton.", "Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and been wanton. James 5.", "5. Disposed to unchastity; indicating wantonness. Isaiah 3.", "6. Loose; unrestrained; running to excess.", "How does your tongue grow wanton in her praise!", "7. Luxuriant; overgrown.", "What we by day lop overgrown, one night or two with wanton growth derides, tending to wild.", "8. Extravagant; as wanton dress.", "9. Not regular; not turned or formed with regularity.", "The quaint mazes in the wanton green.", "WANTON, n.", "1. A lewd person; a lascivious man or woman.", "2. A trifler; an insignificant flutterer.", "3. A word of slight endearment.", "Peace, my wanton--Little used.", "WANTON, v.t.", "1. To rove and ramble without restraint, rule or limit; to revel; to play loosely.", "Nature here wantond as in her prime.", "Her golden tresses wanton in the wind.", "2. To ramble in lewdness; to play lasciviously.", "3. To move briskly and irregularly."], "wantoning": ["WANTONING, ppr. Roving; flying loosely; playing without restraint; indulging in licentiousness."], "wantonize": ["WANTONIZE, v.i. To behave wantonly. Not in use."], "wantonness": ["WANTONNESS, n.", "1. Sportiveness; gaiety; frolicsomeness; waggery.", "--As sad as night, only for wantonness.", "2. Licentiousness; negligence of restraint.", "The tumults threatened to abuse all acts of grace, and turn them into wantonness.", "3. Lasciviousness; lewdness. Romans 8. II Peter 2."], "war": ["WAR, n. G., to perplex, embroil, disturb. The primary sense of the root is to strive, struggle, urge, drive, or to turn, to twist.", "1. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force, either for defense, or for revenging insults and redressing wrongs, for the extension of commerce or acquisition of territory, or for obtaining and establishing the superiority and dominion of one over the other. These objects are accomplished by the slaughter or capture of troops, and the capture and destruction of ships, towns and property. Among rude nations, war is often waged and carried on for plunder. As war is the contest of nations or states, it always implies that such contest is authorized by the monarch or the sovereign power of the nation. When war is commenced by attacking a nation in peace, it si called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive. When war is undertaken to repel invasion or the attacks of an enemy, it is called defensive, and a defensive war is considered as justifiable. Very few of the wars that have desolated nations and deluged the earth with blood, have been justifiable. Happy would it be for mankind, if the prevalence of Christian principles might ultimately extinguish the spirit of war, and if the ambition to be great, might yield to the ambition of being good.", "Preparation for war is sometimes the best security for peace.", "2. In poetical language, instruments of war.", "His complement of stores, and total war.", "3. Poetically, forces; army.", "Oer the embattled ranks the waves return, and overwhelm their war.", "4. The profession of arms; art of war; as a fierce man of war. Isaiah 2.", "5. Hostility; state of opposition or contest; act of opposition.", "6. Enmity; disposition to contention.", "The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart. Psalm 55.", "Man of war, in naval affairs, a ship of large size, armed and equipped for attack or defense.", "Holy war, a crusade; a war undertaken to deliver the Holy Land, or Judea, from infidels. These holy wars were carried on by most unholy means.", "WAR, v.i.", "1. To make war; to invade or attack a nation or state with force of arms; to carry on hostilities; or to be in a state of contest by violence.", "He teacheth my hands to war. 2 Samuel 22.", "And they warred against eh Midianites. Numbers 31.", "Why should I war without the walls of Troy?", "2. To contend; to strive violently; to be in a state of opposition.", "Lusts which war against the soul. 1 Peter 2.", "WAR, v.t.", "1. To make war upon; as, to war the Scot. Not used.", "2. To carry on a contest.", "That thou mightest war a good warfare. 1 Timothy 1."], "ward": ["WARD, in composition, as in toward, homeward, is the Saxon weard, from the root of L.", "WARD, v.t.", "1. To guard; to deep in safety; to watch.", "Whose gates he found fast shut, he living wight to ward the same--", "In this sense, ward is obsolete, as we have adopted the French of the same word, to guard. We now never apply ward to the thing to be defended, but always to the thing against which it is to be defended. We ward off a blow or dagger, and we guard a person or place.", "2. To defend; to protect.", "Tell him it was a hand that warded him from thousand dangers. Obs. See the remark, supra.", "3. To fend off; to repel; to turn aside any thing mischievous that approaches.", "Now wards a falling blow, now strikes again.", "The pointed javlin warded off his rage.", "It instructs the scholar in the various methods of warding off the force of objections.", "This is the present use of ward. To ward off is now the more general expression, nor can I, with Johnson, think it less elegant.", "WARD, v.i.", "1. To be vigilant; to keep guard.", "2. To act on the defensive with a weapon.", "She drove the stranger to no other shift, than to ward and go back.", "And on their warding arms light bucklers bear.", "WARD, n.", "1. Watch; act of guarding.", "Still when she slept, he kept both watch and ward.", "2. Garrison; troops to defend a fort; as small wards left in forts. Not in use.", "3. Guard made by a weapon in fencing.", "For want of other ward, he lifted up his hand his front to guard.", "4. A fortress; a strong hold.", "5. One whose business is to guard, watch and defend; as a fire-ward.", "6. A certain district, division or quarter of a town or city, committed to an alderman. There are twenty six wards in London.", "7. Custody; confinement under guard. Pharaoh put his butler and baker in ward. Genesis 40.", "8. A minor or person under the care of a guardian. See Blackstones chapter on the rights and duties of guardian and ward.", "9. The state of a child under a guardian.", "I must attend his majestys commands, to whom I am now in ward.", "10. Guardianship; right over orphans.", "It is convenient in Ireland, that the wards and marriages of gentlemens children should be in the disposal of any of those lords.", "11. The division of a forest.", "12. The division of a hospital.", "13. A part of a lock which corresponds to its proper key."], "warded": ["WARDED, pp. Guarded.", "Warded off, prevented from attacking or injuring."], "wardrobe": ["WARDROBE, n.", "1. A room or apartment where clothes or wearing apparel is kept.", "2. Wearing apparel in general."], "ware": ["WARE, pret. of wear, obs. It is now written wore."], "wareful": ["WAREFUL, a. from ware, wary. Wary; watchful; cautious. Not used."], "warefulness": ["WAREFULNESS, n. Wariness; cautiousness."], "warely": ["WARELY, adv. Cautiously. See Warily."], "warfare": ["WARFARE, n. war and fare.", "1. Military service; military life; war.", "The Philistines gathered their armies for warfare. 1 Samuel 28.", "2. Contest; struggle with spiritual enemies.", "The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Corinthians 10.", "WARFARE, v.i. To lead a military life; to carry on continual wars.", "In that credulous warfaring age. Little used."], "warm": ["WARM, a. Waurm. G. See Swarm.", "1. Having heat in a moderate degree; not cold; as warm blood; warm milk. The flesh of living animals is warm, if their blood is warm. But some animals have not warm blood.", "2. Subject o heat; having prevalence of heat, or little or no winter; as the warm climate of Egypt.", "3. Zealous; ardent; as, to be warm in the cause of our country or of religion.", "Each warm wish springs mutual from the heart.", "4. Habitually ardent or passionate; keen; irritable; as a warm temper.", "5. Easily excited or provoked; irritable; as warm passions.", "6. Violent; furious; as a warm contest. We shall have warm work to-day.", "7. Busy in action; heated in action; ardent. Be warm in fight.", "8. Fanciful; enthusiastic; as a warm head.", "9. Vigorous; sprightly.", "Now warm in youth, now withering in thy bloom, lost in a convents solitary gloom.", "WARM, v.t.", "1. To communicate a moderate degree of heat to; as, a stove warms an apartment. The sun in summer warms the earth, and gives life to vegetation.", "2. To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; as, to warm the heart with love or zeal.", "I formerly warmed my head with reading controversial writings.", "WARM, v.i.", "1. To become moderately heated. The earth soon warms in a clear day in summer.", "2. To become ardent or animated. The speaker should warm as he proceeds in the argument, for as he becomes animated, he excites more interest in his audience."], "warmed": ["WARMED, pp. Moderately heated; made ardent; excited."], "warming": ["WARMING, ppr. Making moderately hot; making ardent or zealous."], "warmness": ["WARMNESS, WARMTH, n.", "1. Gentle heat; as the warmth of the blood.", "2. Zeal; ardor; fervor; as the warmth of love or of piety.", "3. Earnestness; eagerness. The cause of the Greeks has been espoused with warmth by all parties in free countries.", "4. Excitement; animation; as the warmth of passion. The preacher declaimed with great warmth against the vices of the age.", "5. Fancifulness; enthusiasm; as the warmth of head.", "6. In painting, the fiery effect given to a red color by a small addition of yellow."], "warn": ["WARN, v.t. G.", "1. To give notice of approaching or probable danger or evil, that it may be avoided; to caution against any thing that may prove injurious.", "Juturna warns the Daunian chief of Lausus danger-- being warned of God in a dream, that they should not return to Herod, they departed into their own country another way. Matthew 2.", "2. To caution against evil practices. 1 Thessalonians 5.", "3. To admonish of any duty.", "Cornelius--was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee. Acts 10.", "4. To inform previously; to give notice to.", "--Warnd of th ensuing fight.", "5. To notify by authority; to summon; as, to warn the citizens to meet on a certain day; to warn soldiers to appear on parade.", "6. To ward off. Not in use."], "warned": ["WARNED, pp. Cautioned against danger; admonished of approaching evil; notified."], "warning": ["WARNING, ppr. Cautioning against danger; admonishing; giving notice to; summoning to meet or appear.", "WARNING, n.", "1. Caution against danger, or against faults or evil practices which incur danger.", "Could warning make the world more just or wise.", "Hear the word at my mouth, and give them warning from me. Ezekiel 3.", "2. Previous notice; as a short warning. He had a months warning."], "warp": ["WARP, n. Waurp. See the Verb.", "1. In manufactures, the threads, which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and crossed by the woof.", "2. In a ship, a rope employed in drawing, towing or removing a ship or boat; a towing line.", "3. In agriculture, a slimy substance deposited on land by marine tides, by which a rich alluvial soil is formed. Local.", "4. In cows, a miscarriage. See the Verb. Local.", "WARP, v.i. G., to cast or throw, to whelp.", "1. To turn, twist or be twisted out of a straight direction; as, a board warps in seasoning, or in the heat of the sun, by shrinking.", "They clamp one piece of wood to the end of another, to keep it from casting or warping.", "2. To turn or incline from a straight, true or proper course; to deviate.", "Theres our commission, from which we would not have you warp.", "Methinks my favor here begins to warp.", "3. To fly with a bending or waving motion; to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or insects. The following use of warp is inimitably beautiful.", "As when the potent rod of Amrams son, in Egypts evil day, wavd round the coast, up called a pitchy cloud of locusts, warping on the eastern wind--", "4. To slink; to cast the young prematurely; as cows.", "In an enclosure near a dog-kennel, eight heifers out of twenty warped. Local.", "WARP, v.t.", "1. To turn or twist out of shape, or out of a straight direction, by contraction. The heat of the sun warps boards and timber.", "2. To turn aside from the true direction; to cause to bend or incline; to pervert.", "This first avowd, nor folly warpd my mind.", "I have no private considerations to warp me in this controversy.", "--Zeal, to a degree of warmth able to warp the sacred rule of Gods word.", "3. In seamens language, to two or move with a line or warp, attached to buoys, to anchors or to other ships, &c. By which means a ship is drawn, usually in a bending course or with various turns.", "4. In rural economy, to cast the young prematurely. Local.", "5. In agriculture, to inundate, as land, with sea water; or to let in the tide, forth purpose of fertilizing the ground by a deposit of warp or slimy substance. Warp here is the throw, or that which is cast by the water.", "6. In rope-making, to run the yarn off the winches into hauls to be tarred.", "To warp water, in Shakespeare, is forced and unusual; indeed it is not English."], "warped": ["WARPED, pp. Twisted by shrinking or seasoning; turned out of the true direction; perverted; moved with a warp; overflowed."], "warping": ["WARPING, ppr. Turning or twisting; causing to incline; perverting; moving with a warp; enriching by overflowing with tide water."], "warrior": ["WARRIOR, n.", "1. In a general sense, a soldier; a man engaged in military life.", "2. Emphatically, a brave man; a good soldier."], "was": ["WAS, s. as z.; the past tense of the substantive verb; L., to be, to exist, whence English is, in the present tense, and was in the past; as, I was; he was."], "wash": ["WASH, v.t. G.", "1. To cleanse by ablution, or by rubbing in water; as, to wash the hands or the body; to wash garments.", "2. To wet; to fall on and moisten; as, the rain washes the flowers or plants.", "3. To overflow. The tides wash the meadows.", "4. To overflow or dash against; to cover with water; as, the waves wash the strand or shore; the sea washes the rocks on the shore or beach.", "5. To scrub in water; as, to wash a deck or a floor.", "6. To separate extraneous matter from; as, to wash ore; to wash grain.", "7. In painting, to lay a color over any work with a pencil, to give it the proper tints, and make it appear more natural. Thus work is washed with a pale red to imitate brick, &c.", "8. To rub over with some liquid substance; as, to wash trees fro removing insects or diseases.", "9. To squeeze and cleanse in water; as, to wash wool. So sheep are said to be washed, when they are immersed in water and their wool squeezed, by which means it is cleansed.", "10. To cleanse by a current of water; as, showers wash the streets.", "11. To overlay with a thin coat of metal; as steel washed with silver.", "12. To purify from the pollution of sin.", "But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Corinthians 6.", "To wash a ship, to bring all her guns to one side to make her heel, and then to wash and scrape her side.", "WASH, v.i.", "1. To perform the act of ablution.", "Wash in Jordan seven times. 2 Kings 5. Elliptical.", "2. To perform the business of cleansing clothes in water.", "She can wash and scour.", "To wash off, in calico-printing, to soak and rinse printed calicoes, to dissolve and remove the gum and paste.", "WASH, n.", "1. Alluvial matter; substances collected and deposited by water; as the wash of a river.", "2. A bog; a marsh; a fen.", "Neptunes salt wash.", "3. A cosmetic; as a wash for the face, to help the complexion.", "4. A lotion; a medical liquid preparation for external application.", "5. A superficial stain or color.", "6. Waste liquor of a kitchen for hogs.", "7. The act of washing the clothes of a family; or the whole quantity washed at once. There is a great wash, or a small wash.", "8. With distillers, the fermentable liquor made b dissolving the proper subject for fermentation and distillation in common water. In the distillery of malt, the wash is made by mixing the water hot, with the malt ground into meal.", "9. The shallow part of a river, or arm of the sea; as the wastes in Lincolnshire.", "10. The blade of an oar; the thin part, which enters the water and by whose impulse the boat is moved.", "11. The color laid on a picture to vary its tints.", "12. A substance laid on boards or other work for beauty or preservation.", "13. A thin coat of metal.", "14. In the west Indies, a mixture of dunder, molasses, water and scummings, for distillation."], "washed": ["WASHED, pp.", "1. Cleansed in water; purified.", "2. Overflowed; dashed against with water.", "3. Covered over with a thin coat, as of metal."], "washing": ["WASHING, ppr. Cleansing with water; purifying; overflowing; overspreading.", "WASHING, n.", "1. The act of cleansing with water; ablution. Hebrews 9.", "2. A wash; or the clothes washed."], "wast": ["WAST, past tense of the substantive verb, in the second person; as, thou wast."], "waste": ["WASTE, v.t. G., L.", "1. To diminish by gradual dissipation or loss. Thus disease wastes the patient; sorrows waste the strength and spirits.", "2. To cause to be lost; to destroy by scattering or by injury. Thus cattle waste their fodder when fed in the open field.", "3. To expend without necessity or use; to destroy wantonly or luxuriously; to squander; to cause to be lost through wantonness or negligence. Careless people waste their fuel, their food or their property. Children waster their inheritance.", "And wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke 15.", "4. To destroy in enmity; to desolate; as, to waste an enemys country.", "5. To suffer to be lost unnecessarily; or to throw away; as, to waste the blood and treasure of a nation.", "6. To destroy by violence.", "The Tyber insults our walls, and wastes our fruitful grounds.", "7. To impair strength gradually.", "Now wasting years my former strength confounds.", "8. To lose in idleness or misery; to wear out.", "Here condemnd to waste eternal days in woe and pain.", "9. To spend; to consume.", "O were I able to waste it all myself, and leave you none.", "10. In law, to damage, impair or injure, as an estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences, &c. To go to decay. See the Noun.", "11. To exhaust; to be consumed by time or mortality.", "Till your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness. Numbers 14.", "12. To scatter and lose for want of use or of occupiers.", "Full many a flowr is born to blush unseen, and waste its sweetness on the desert air.", "WASTE, v.i.", "1. To dwindle; to be diminished; to lose bulk or substance gradually; as, the body wastes in sickness.", "The barrel of meal shall not waste. 1 Kings 17.", "2. To be diminished or lost by slow dissipation, consumption or evaporation; as, water wastes by evaporation; fuel wastes in combustion.", "3. To be consumed by time or mortality.", "Gut man dieth, and wasteth away. Job 14.", "WASTE, a.", "1. Destroyed; ruined.", "The Sophi leaves all waste in his retreat.", "2. Desolate; uncultivated; as a waste country; a waste howling wilderness. Deuteronomy 32.", "3. Destitute; stripped; as lands laid waste.", "4. Superfluous; lost for want of occupiers.", "--And strangled with her waste fertility.", "5. Worthless; that which is rejected, or used only for mean purposes; as waste wood.", "6. That of which no account is taken, or of which no value is found; as waste paper.", "7. Uncultivated; untilled; unproductive.", "There is yet much waste land in England.", "Laid waste, desolated; ruined.", "WASTE, n.", "1. The act of squandering; the dissipation of property through wantonness, ambition, extravagance, luxury or negligence.", "For all this waste of wealth, and loss of blood.", "2. Consumption; loss; useless expense; any loss or destruction which is neither necessary nor promotive of a good end; a loss for which there is no equivalent; as a waste of goods or money; a waste of time; a waste of labor; a waste of words.", "Little wastes in great establishments, constantly occurring, may defeat the energies of a mighty capital.", "3. A desolate or uncultivated country. The plains of Arabia are mostly a wide waste.", "4. Land untilled, though capable of tillage; as the wastes in England.", "5. Ground, space or place unoccupied; as the etherial waste.", "In the dead waste and middle of the night.", "6. Region ruined and deserted.", "All the leafy nation sinks at last, and Vulcan rides in triumph oer the waste.", "7. Mischief; destruction.", "He will never, I think, in the way of waste, attempt us again.", "8. In law, spoil, destruction or injury done to houses, woods, fences, lands, &c., by a tenant for life or for years, to the prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. Waste is voluntary, as by pulling down buildings; or permissive, as by suffering them to fall for want of necessary repairs. Whatever does a lasting damage to the freehold, is a waste."], "wasted": ["WASTED, pp.", "1. Expended without necessity or use; lost through negligence; squandered.", "2. Diminished; dissipated; evaporated; exhausted.", "3. Desolated; ruined; destroyed."], "wasteful": ["WASTEFUL, a.", "1. Lavish; prodigal; expending property, or that which is valuable, without necessity or use; applied to persons.", "2. Destructive to property; ruinous; as wasteful practices or negligence; wasteful expenses.", "3. Desolate; unoccupied; untilled; uncultivated.", "In wilderness and wasteful deserts strayd."], "wastefulness": ["WASTEFULNESS, n. Lavishness; prodigality; the act or practice of expending what is valuable without necessity or use."], "wasteness": ["WASTENESS, n. A desolate state; solitude.", "That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness. Zephaniah 1."], "wasting": ["WASTING, ppr.", "1. Lavishing prodigally; expending or consuming without use; diminishing by slow dissipation; desolating; laying waste.", "Wasting and relentless war has made ravages, with but few and short intermissions, from the days of the tyrant Nimrod down to the Nimrod of our own age.", "2. a. Diminishing by dissipation or by great destruction; as a wasting disease."], "waster": ["WASTER, n.", "1. One who is prodigal; one who squanders property; one who consumes extravagantly or without use.", "He also that is slothful in his work, is brother to him who is a great waster. Proverbs 18.", "Sconces are great wasters of candles.", "2. A kind of cudgel."], "watch": ["WATCH, n. It is from the same root as wake, which see.", "1. Forbearance of sleep.", "2. Attendance without sleep.", "All the long night their mournful watch they keep.", "3. Attention; close observation. Keep watch of the suspicious man.", "4. Guard; vigilance for keeping or protecting against danger.", "He kept both watch and ward.", "5. A watchman, or watchmen; men set for a guard, either one person or more, set to espy the approach of an enemy or other danger, and to give an alarm or notice of such danger; a sentinel; a guard. He kept a watch at the gate.", "Ye have a watch; go your way, make it as sure as ye can. Matthew 27.", "6. The place where a guard is kept.", "He upbraids I ago, that he made him brave me upon the watch.", "7. Post or office of a watchman.", "As I did stand my watch upon the hill--", "8. A period of the night, in which one person or one set of persons stand as sentinels; or the time from one relief of sentinels to another. This period among the Israelites, seems to have been originally four hours, but was afterwards three hours, and there were four watches during the night. Hence we read in Scripture of the morning watch, and of the second, third and fourth watch; the evening watch commencing at six oclock, the second at nine, the third at twelve, and the fourth at three in the morning. Exodus 14. Matthew 14. Luke 12.", "9. A small time piece or chronometer, to be carried in the pocket or about the person, in which the machinery is moved by a spring.", "10. At sea, the space of time during which one set or division of the crew remain on deck to perform the necessary duties. This is different in different nations.", "To be on the watch, to be looking steadily for some event.", "WATCH, v.i.", "1. To be awake; to be or continue without sleep.", "I have two nights watchd with you.", "2. To be attentive; to look with attention or steadiness. Watch and see when the man passes.", "3. To look with expectation.", "My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning. Psalm 130.", "4. To keep guard; to act as sentinel; to look for danger.", "He gave signal to the minister that watchd.", "5. To be attentive; to be vigilant in preparation for an event or trial, the time of whose arrival is uncertain.", "Watch therefore; for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come. Matthew 24.", "6. To be insidiously attentive; as, to watch for an opportunity to injure another.", "7. To attend on the sick during the night; as, to watch with a man in a fever.", "To watch over, to be cautiously observant of; to inspect, superintend and guard from error and danger. It is our duty constantly to watch over our own conduct and that of our children.", "WATCH, v.t.", "1. To guard; to have in keeping.", "Flaming ministers watch and tend their charge.", "2. To observe in ambush; to lie in wait for.", "Saul also sent messengers to Davids house to watch him, and to slay him. 1 Samuel 19.", "3. To tend; to guard.", "Paris watched the flocks in the groves of Ida.", "4. To observe in order to detect or prevent, or for some particular purpose; as, to watch a suspected person; to watch the progress of a bill in the legislature."], "watched": ["WATCHED, pp. Guarded; observed with steady vigilance."], "watchful": ["WATCHFUL, a. Vigilant; attentive; careful to observe; observant; cautious. It has of before the thing to be regulated, as to be watchful of ones behavior; and against, before the thing to be avoided, as to be watchful against the growth of vicious habits."], "watchfulness": ["WATCHFULNESS, n.", "1. Vigilance; heedfulness; heed; suspicious attention; careful and diligent observation for the purpose of preventing or escaping danger, or of avoiding mistakes and misconduct.", "2. Wakefulness; indisposition or inability to sleep.", "Watchfulness-often precedes too great sleepiness."], "watching": ["WATCHING, ppr. Being awake; guarding; attending the sick; carefully observing.", "WATCHING, n. Wakefulness; inability to sleep."], "watcher": ["WATCHER, n.", "1. One who sits up or continues awake; particularly, one who attends upon the sick during the night.", "2. A diligent observer; as an attentive watcher of the works of nature. Not in use."], "watchman": ["WATCHMAN, n. watch and man. A sentinel; a guard."], "watchtower": ["WATCHTOWER, n. watch and tower. A tower on which a sentinel is placed to watch for enemies or the approach of danger."], "water": ["WATER, n. Wauter. G., Gr.", "1. A fluid, the most abundant and most necessary for living beings of any in nature, except air. Water when pure, is colorless, destitute of taste and smell, ponderous, transparent, and in a very small degree compressible. It is reposited in the earth in inexhaustible quantities, where it is preserved fresh and cool, and from which it issues in springs, which form streams and rivers. But the great reservoirs of water on the globe are the ocean, seas and lakes, which cover more than three fifths of its surface, and from which it is raised by evaporation, and uniting with the air in the state of vapor, is wafted over the earth, ready to be precipitated in the form of rain, snow or hail.", "Water by the abstraction or loss of heat becomes solid, or in other words, is converted into ice or snow; and by heat it is converted into steam, an elastic vapor, one of the most powerful agents in nature. Modern chemical experiments prove that water is a compound substance, consisting of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or rather the bases or ponderable matter of those gases; or about two volumes or measures of hydrogen gas and one of oxygen gas. The proportion of the ingredients in weight, is nearly 85 parts of oxygen to 15 of hydrogen.", "2. The ocean; a sea; a lake; a river; any great collection of water; as in the phrases, to go by water, to travel by water.", "3. Urine; the animal liquor secreted by the kidneys and discharged from the bladder.", "4. The color or luster of a diamond or pearl, sometimes perhaps of other precious stones; as a diamond of the first water, that is, perfectly pure and transparent. Hence the figurative phrase, a man or a genius of the first water, that is, of the first excellence.", "5. Water is a name given to several liquid substances or humors in animal bodies; as the water of the pericardium, of dropsy, &c.", "Mineral waters, are those waters which are so impregnated with foreign ingredients, such as gaseous, sulphurous and saline substances, as to give them medicinal, or at least sensible properties. Most natural waters contain more or less of these foreign substances, but the proportion is generally too minute to affect the senses.", "To hold water, to be sound or tight. Obsolete or vulgar."], "watered": ["WATERED, pp. Overspread or sprinkled with water; made wet; supplied with water; made lustrous by being wet and calendered."], "waterer": ["WATERER, n. One who waters."], "watering": ["WATERING, ppr. Overflowing; sprinkling or wetting with water; supplying with water; giving water for drink; giving a way appearance to.", "WATERING, n.", "1. The act of overflowing or sprinkling with water; the act of supplying with water for drink or other purposes; the act of wetting and calendering for giving luster to, as cloth.", "2. The place where water is supplied."], "wave": ["WAVE, n. G.", "1. A moving swell or volume of water; usually, a swell raised and driven by wind. A pebble thrown into still water produces waves, which form concentric circles, receding from the point where the pebble fell. But waves are generally raised and driven by wind, and the word comprehends any moving swell on the surface of water, from the smallest ripple to the billows of a tempest.", "The wave behind impels the wave before.", "2. Unevenness; inequality of surface.", "3. The line or streak of luster on cloth watered and calendered.", "WAVE, v.i.", "1. To play loosely; to move like a wave, one way and the other; to float; to undulate.", "His purple robes wavd careless to the wind.", "2. To be moved, as a signal.", "3. To fluctuate; to waver; to be in an unsettled state.", "WAVE, v.t. See Waver.", "1. To raise into inequalities of surface.", "2. To move one way and the other; to brandish; as, to wave the hand; to wave a sword.", "3. To waft; to remove any thing floating.", "4. To beckon; to direct by a waft or waving motion.", "WAVE, v.t.", "1. To put off; to cast off; to cast away; to reject; as, to wave good stolen; usually written waive.", "2. To quit; to depart from.", "He resolved not to wave his way.", "3. To put off; to put aside for the present, or to omit to pursue; as, to wave a motion. He offered to wave the subject. This is the usual sense."], "waved": ["WAVED, pp.", "1. Moved one way and the other; brandished.", "2. Put off; omitted.", "3. a. In heraldry, indented.", "4. Variegated in luster; as waved silk.", "5. In botany, undate; rising and falling in waves on the margin, as a leaf."], "waving": ["WAVING, ppr. Moving as a wave; playing to and fro; brandishing."], "waver": ["WAVER, v.i.", "1. To play or move to and fro; to move one way and the other.", "2. To fluctuate; to be unsettled in opinion; to vacillate; to be undetermined; as, to waver in opinion; to waver in faith.", "Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering. Hebrews 10.", "3. To totter; to reel; to be in danger of falling.", "WAVER, n. A name given to a sapling or young timber tree in England."], "waverer": ["WAVERER, n. One who wavers; one who is unsettled in doctrine, faith or opinion."], "wavering": ["WAVERING, ppr. or a. Fluctuating; being in doubt; undetermined."], "wax": ["WAX, n. G., L.", "1. A thick, viscid, tenacious substance, collected by bees, or excreted from their bodies, and employed in the construction of their cells; usually called bees wax. Its native color is yellow, but it is bleached for candles, &c.", "2. A thick tenacious substance excreted in the ear.", "3. A substance secreted by certain plants, forming a silvery powder on the leaves and fruit, as in the wax-palm and wax-myrtle.", "4. A substance found on the hinder legs of bees, which is supposed to be their food.", "5. A substance used in sealing letters; called sealing-wax, or Spanish wax. This is a composition of gum-lacca and resin, colored with some pigment.", "6. A thick substance used by shoemakers for rubbing their thread.", "WAX, v.t. To smear or rub with wax; as, to wax, a thread or a table.", "WAX, v.i. pret. waxed.; pp. waxed or waxen. G., L., Gr.", "1. To increase in size; to grow; to become larger; as the waxing and the waning moon.", "2. To pass from one state to another; to become; as, to wax strong; to wax warm or cold; to wax feeble; to wax hot; to wax old; to wax worse and worse."], "waxed": ["WAXED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with wax."], "waxing": ["WAXING, ppr. Growing; increasing; becoming; smearing with wax.", "WAXING, n. In chemistry, the preparation of any matter to render it fit for melting; also, the process of stopping out colors in calico-printing."], "waxen": ["WAXEN, a. Made of wax; as waxen cells."], "way": ["WAY, n. G., L.", "1. Literally, a passing; hence, a passage; the place of passing; hence, a road of any kind; a highway; a private road; a lane; a street; any place for the passing of men; cattle or other animals; a word of very comprehensive signification.", "2. Length of space; as a great way; a little way.", "3. Course; direction of motion or travel. What way did he take? Which way shall I go? Keep in the way of truth and knowledge.", "Mark what way I make.", "4. Passage; room for passing. Make way for the jury.", "5. Course, or regular course.", "And let eternal justice take the way.", "6. Tendency to any meaning or act.", "There is nothing in the words that sounds that way.", "7. Sphere of observation.", "The general officers and the public ministers that fell in my way--", "8. Manner of doing any thing; method; means of doing. Seek the best way of learning, and pursue it.", "By noble ways we conquest will prepare.", "9. Method; scheme of management.", "What impious ways my wishes took.", "10. Manner of thinking or behavior; particular turn of opinion; determination or humor. Let him have his way, when that will not injure him, or any other person. But multitudes of children are ruined by being permitted to have their way.", "11. Manner; mode. In no way does this matter belong to me. We admire a persons way of expressing his ideas.", "12. Method; manner of practice. Find, if you can, the easiest way to live.", "Having lost the way of nobleness.", "13. Method or plan of life and conduct. Instruct your children in the right way.", "Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Proverbs 3.", "All flesh had corrupted his way. Genesis 6.", "14. Course; process of things, good or bad. Things are in a prosperous way.", "15. Right method to act or know.", "We are quite out of the way.", "16. General scheme of acting.", "Men who go out of the way to hint free things, must be guilty of absurdity or rudeness.", "17. Ways, plu. the timbers on which a ship is launched.", "To make way, to give room for passing; or to make a vacancy.", "To give way, to recede; to make room; or to yield; to concede the place or opinion to another.", "To make ones way, to advance in life by efforts; to advance successfully.", "By the way, en passant, as we proceed; a phrase introducing something in discourse, not immediately connected with the subject.", "To go ones way, or to come ones way, to go or come along.", "To go the way of all the earth, to die.", "In the way, a phrase noting obstruction. What is there in the way of your success?", "In Scripture, the ways of God, are his providential government, or his works. Romans 11. Job 11.", "Way and ways are used in certain phrases, in the sense of wise. He is no ways a match for his antagonist.", "Tis no way the interest even of the priesthood.", "To be under way, in seamens language, to be in motion, as when a ship begins to move. So a ship is said to have head-way, when she moves forward in her course, and stern-way, when she is driven astern. She is said also to gather way, or to lose way. Lee-way is a movement of a ship aside of her course, or to the leeward.", "Milky way, in astronomy, the galaxy; a broad luminous belt or space in the heavens, supposed to be occasioned by the blended light of an immense number of stars. By means of a telescope of uncommon magnifying powers, Dr. Herschel has been able to ascertain this fact, by distinguishing the stars.", "Covert way, in fortification, a passage covered from the enemys fire.", "Ways and means, in legislation, means for raising money; resources for revenue.", "Way-going crop, among farmers, is the crop which is taken from the ground the year the tenant leaves the farm. England."], "wayfarer": ["WAYFARER, n. A traveler; a passenger."], "wayfaring": ["WAYFARING, a. supra. Traveling; passing; being on a journey. Judges 19."], "we": ["WE, pron. plu. of I; or rather a different word, denoting the person speaking and another or others with him. I and John, the speaker calls we, or I and John and Thomas; or I and many others. In the objective case, us. We is used to express men in general, including the speaker.", "Vice seen too oft, familiar with her face, we first endure, then pity, then embrace."], "weak": ["WEAK, a. G. The primary sense of the root is to yield, fail, give way, recede, or to be soft.", "1. Having little physical strength; feeble. Children are born weak; men are rendered weak by disease.", "2. Infirm; not healthy; as a weak constitution.", "3. Not able to bear a great weight; as a weak bridge; weak timber.", "4. Not strong; not compact; easily broken; as a weak ship; a weak rope.", "5. Not able to resist a violent attack; as a weak fortress.", "6. Soft; pliant; not stiff.", "7. Low; small; feeble; as a weak voice.", "8. Feeble of mind; wanting spirit; wanting vigor of understanding; as a weak prince; a weak magistrate.", "To think every thing disputable, si a proof of a weak mind and captious temper.", "9. Not much impregnated with ingredients, or with things that excite action, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; as weak broth; weak tea; weak toddy; a weak solution; a weak decoction.", "10. Not politically powerful; as a weak nation or state.", "11. Not having force of authority or energy; as a weak government.", "12. Not having moral force or power to convince; not well supported by truth or reason; as a weak argument.", "13. Not well supported by argument; as weak reasoning.", "14. Unfortified; accessible; impressible; as the weak side of a person.", "15. Not having full conviction or confidence; as weak in faith.", "16. Weak land is land of a light thin soil. I believe never used in New England.", "WEAK, v.t. To make weak. Not used.", "WEAK, v.i. To become weak. Not used."], "weakness": ["WEAKNESS, n.", "1. Want of physical strength; want of force or vigor; feebleness; as the weakness of a child; the weakness of an invalid; the weakness of a wall or bridge, or of thread or cordage.", "2. Want of sprightliness.", "Soft, without weakness; without glaring, gay.", "3. Want of steadiness.", "By such a review, we shall discern and strengthen our weaknesses.", "4. Infirmity; unhealthiness; as weakness of constitution.", "5. Want of moral force or effect upon the mind; as the weakness of evidence; the weakness of arguments.", "6. Want of judgment; feebleness of mind; foolishness.", "All wickedness is weakness.", "7. Defect; failing; fault; with a plural.", "Many take pleasure in spreading abroad the weaknesses of an exalted character."], "weaken": ["WEAKEN, v.t.", "1. To lessen the strength of, or to deprive of strength; to debilitate; to enfeeble; as, to weaken the body; to weaken the mind; to weaken the hands of the magistrate; to weaken the force of an objection or an argument.", "2. To reduce in strength or spirit; as, to weaken tea; to weaken any solution or decoction."], "weakened": ["WEAKENED, pp. Debilitated; enfeebled; reduced in strength."], "weakener": ["WEAKENER, n. He or that which weakens."], "weakening": ["WEAKENING, ppr. Debilitating; enfeebling; reducing the strength or vigor of any thing."], "wealth": ["WEALTH, n.", "1. Prosperity; external happiness.", "2. Riches; large possessions of money, goods or land; that abundance of worldly estate which exceeds the estate of the greater part of the community; affluence; opulence.", "Each day new wealth without their care provides."], "wealthiness": ["WEALTHINESS, n. State of being wealthy; richness."], "wealthy": ["WEALTHY, a. Rich; having large possessions in lands, goods, money or securities, or larger than the generality of men; opulent; affluent. As wealth is a comparative thing, a man may be wealthy in one place, and not so in another. A man may be deemed wealthy in a village, who would not be so considered in London."], "wean": ["WEAN, v.t. G. See Wont.", "1. To accustom and reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or deprivation of the breast.", "And the child grew, and was weaned. Genesis 21.", "2. To detach or alienate, as the affections, from any object of desire; to reconcile to the want or loss of any thing; as, to wean the heart from temporal enjoyments."], "weaned": ["WEANED, pp. Accustomed or reconciled to the want of the breast or other object of desire."], "weaning": ["WEANING, ppr. Accustoming or reconciling, as a young child or other animal, to a want of the breast; reconciling to the want of any object of desire."], "weapon": ["WEAPON, n. G., L.", "1. Any instrument of offense; any thing used or designed to be used in destroying or annoying an enemy. The weapons of rude nations are clubs, stones and bows and arrows. Modern weapons of war are swords, muskets, pistols, cannon and the like.", "2. An instrument for contest, or for combating enemies.", "The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Corinthians 10.", "3. An instrument of defense.", "4. Weapons, in botany, arms; thorns, prickles, and stings, with which plants are furnished for defense; enumerated among the fulcres by Linne."], "weaponed": ["WEAPONED, a. Wepnd. Armed; furnished with weapons or arms; equipped."], "wear": ["WEAR, v.t. pret. wore; pp. worn.", "1. To waste or impair by rubbing or attrition; to lessen or diminish by time, use or instruments. A current of water often wears a channel in limestone.", "2. To carry appendant to the body, as clothes or weapons; as, to wear a coat or a robe; to wear a sword; to wear a crown.", "On her white breast a sparkling cross she wore.", "3. To have or exhibit an appearance; to bear; as, she wears a smile on her countenance.", "4. To affect by degrees.", "Trials wear us into a liking of what possible, in the first essay, displeased us.", "To wear away, to consume; to impair, diminish or destroy by gradual attrition or decay.", "To wear off, to diminish by attrition or slow decay.", "To wear out,", "1. To consume; to render useless by attrition or decay; as, to wear out a coat or a book.", "2. To consume tediously; as, to wear out life in idle projects.", "3. To harass; to tire.", "He shall wear out the saints of the Most High. Daniel 7.", "4. To waste the strength of; as an old amn worn out in the service of his country.", "WEAR, v.i.", "1. To be wasted; to be diminished by attrition, by use, or by time.", "Thou wilt surely wear away. Exodus 18.", "2. To be tediously spent.", "Thus wore out night.", "3. To be consumed by slow degrees. It is better to wear out, than to rust out.", "To wear off, to pass away by degrees. The follies of youth wear off with age.", "WEAR, n.", "1. The act of wearing; diminution by friction; as the wear and tear of a garment.", "2. The thing worn.", "WEAR, n. See Warren and Guard.", "1. A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for conducting it to a mill, or for taking fish.", "2. An instrument or kind of basket work for catching fish."], "wearing": ["WEARING, ppr.", "1. Bearing on or appendant to the person; diminishing by friction; consuming.", "2. a. Denoting what is worn; as wearing apparel.", "WEARING, n. Clothes; garments."], "weariness": ["WEARINESS, n. from weary.", "1. The state of being weary or tired; that lassitude or exhaustion of strength which is induced by labor; fatigue.", "With weariness and wine oppresd.", "2. Lassitude; uneasiness proceeding from continued waiting, disappointed expectation or exhausted patience, or from other cause."], "weary": ["WEARY, a.", "1. Having the strength much exhausted by toil or violent exertion; tired; fatigued. It should be observed however that this word expresses less than tired, particularly when applied to a beast; as a tired horse. It is followed by of, before the cause of fatigue; as, to be weary of marching; to be weary of reaping; to be weary of study.", "2. Having the patience exhausted, or the mind yielding to discouragement. He was weary of asking for redress.", "3. Causing weariness; tiresome; as a weary way; a weary life.", "WEARY, v.t. from the adjective.", "1. To reduce or exhaust the physical strength of the body; to tire; to fatigue; as, to weary ones self with labor or traveling.", "The people shall weary themselves for very vanity. Habakkuk 2.", "2. To make impatient of continuance.", "I stay too long by thee; I weary thee.", "3. To harass by any thing irksome; as, to be wearied of waiting for the arrival of the post.", "To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fatigue."], "wearisome": ["WEARISOME, a. from weary. Causing weariness; tiresome; tedious; fatiguing; as a wearisome march; a wearisome days work.", "Wearisome nights are appointed unto me. Job 7."], "wearisomely": ["WEARISOMELY, adv. Tediously; so as to cause weariness."], "wearisomeness": ["WEARISOMENESS, n. The quality of exhausting strength or patience; tiresomeness; tediousness; as the wearisomeness of toil, or of waiting long in anxious expectation."], "weasel": ["WEASEL, WEESEL, n. s as z. A small animal of the genus Mustela, which lives under the roots of trees, or in other holes, and feeds on small birds, but particularly on mice. A weasel that frequents barns and corn-houses, frees them from rats and mice, and is sometimes deemed a very useful inmate."], "weather": ["WEATHER, n. Wether. G., The primary sense of this word is air, wind or atmosphere; probably the Gr., whence ether. Properly, the air; hence,", "1. The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, and the like; as warm weather; cold weather; wet weather; dry weather; calm weather; tempestuous weather; fair weather; cloudy weather; hazy weather, and the like.", "2. Change of the state of the air.", "3. Storm; tempest.", "These last significations are not now in use, unless by a poetic license.", "Stress of weather, violent winds; force of tempests.", "WEATHER, v.t. wether.", "1. To air; to expose to the air. Rarely used.", "2. In seamens language, to sail to the windward of something else; as, to weather a cape; to weather another ship. As this is often difficult, hence,", "3. To pass with difficulty.", "To weather a point, to gain or accomplish it against opposition.", "To weather out, to endure; to hold out to the end; as, to weather out a storm.", "Weather is used with several words, either as an adjective, or as forming part of a compound word."], "weathered": ["WEATHERED, pp. Passed to the windward; passed with difficulty."], "weathering": ["WEATHERING, ppr. Passing or sailing to the windward; passing with difficulty."], "weave": ["WEAVE, v.t. pret. wove; pp. woven, wove. The regular form, weaved, is rarely or never used. G., Gr.", "1. To unite threads of any kind in such a manner as to form cloth. This is done by crossing the threads by means of a shuttle. The modes of weaving, and the kinds of texture, are various. The threads first laid in length are called the warp; those which cross them in the direction of the breadth, are called the weft or woof.", "2. To unite any thing flexible; as, to weave twigs.", "3. To unite by intermixture or close connection; as a form of religion woven into the civil government.", "4. To interpose; to insert.", "This weaves itself perforce into my business.", "WEAVE, v.i. To practice weaving; to work with a loom."], "weaving": ["WEAVING, ppr. Forming cloth by intertexture of threads.", "WEAVING, n.", "1. The act or art of forming cloth in a loom, by the union or intertexture of threads.", "2. The task or work to be done in making cloth."], "weaver": ["WEAVER, n.", "1. One who weaves; one whose occupation is to weave.", "2. The common name of the genus Ploceus, of several species, natives of Africa and the East Indies; so called because they construct curious and often pensile nests, by interweaving twigs and fibers."], "web": ["WEB, n. See Weave.", "1. Texture of threads; plexus; any thing woven. Penelope devised a web to deceive her wooers.", "2. Locally, a piece of linen cloth.", "3. A dusky film that forms over the eye and hinders the sight; suffusion.", "4. Some part of a sword. Qu. Net-work of the handle or hilt.", "5. In ship-building, the thin partition on the inside of the rim, and between the spokes of a sheave.", "6. In ornithology, the membrane which unites the toes of many water-fowls.", "Spiders web, a plexus of very delicate threads or filaments which a spider spins from its bowels, and which serves as a net to catch flies or other insects for its food.", "Web of a coulter, is the thin sharp part."], "webbed": ["WEBBED, a. from web. Having the toes united by a membrane, or web; as the webbed feet of aquatic fowls."], "wed": ["WED, v.t. L., to give bail; a league; probably both are of one family.", "1. To marry; to take for a husband or for wife.", "--Since the day I saw thee first, and wedded thee.", "2. To join in marriage.", "And Adam, wedded to another Eve, shall live with her--", "3. To unite closely in affection; to attach firmly. WE are apt to be wedded to our own customs and opinions.", "Men are wedded to their lusts.", "4. To unite for ever.", "Thou art wedded to calamity.", "5. To espouse; to take part with.", "They wedded his cause.", "WED, v.i. To marry; to contract matrimony.", "When shall I wed?", "WED, n. A pledge."], "wedded": ["WEDDED, pp. Married; closely attached."], "wedding": ["WEDDING, ppr. Marrying; uniting with in matrimony.", "WEDDING, n. Marriage; nuptials; nuptial ceremony; nuptial festivities.", "Let her beauty be her wedding dower."], "wedge": ["WEDGE, n. This word signifies a mass, a lump.", "1. A mass of metal; as a wedge of gold or silver. Joshua 7.", "2. A piece of metal, particularly iron, thick at one end and sloping to a thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, &c. This is one of the five mechanical powers. A like piece of wood is by some persons called a wedge, or a glut.", "3. Something in the form of a wedge. Sometimes bodies of troops are drawn up in the form of a wedge.", "WEDGE, v.t.", "1. To cleave with a wedge; to rive. Little used.", "2. To drive as a wedge is drive; to crowd or compress closely. We were wedged in by the crowd.", "3. To force, as a wedge forces its way; as, to wedge ones way.", "4. To fasten with a wedge or with wedges; as, to wedge on a sythe; to wedge in a rail or a piece of timber.", "5. To fix in the manner of a wedge.", "Wedgd in the rocky shoals, and sticking fast."], "wedged": ["WEDGED, pp. Split with a wedge; fastened with a wedge; closely compressed."], "wedging": ["WEDGING, ppr. Cleaving with a wedge; fastening with wedges; compressing closely."], "wedlock": ["WEDLOCK, n. Marriage; matrimony.", "WEDLOCK, v.t. To marry. Little used."], "wedlocked": ["WEDLOCKED, pp. United in marriage. Little used."], "weed": ["WEED, n.", "1. The general name of any plant that is useless or noxious. The word therefore has no definite application to any particular plant or species of plants; but whatever plants grow among corn, grass, or in hedges, and which are either of no use to man or injurious to crops, are denominated weeds.", "2. Any kind of unprofitable substance among ores in mines, as mundic or marcasite.", "WEED, n.", "1. Properly, a garment, as in Spenser, but now used only in the plural, weeds, for the mourning apparel of a female; as a widows weeds.", "2. An upper garment.", "WEED, v.t.", "1. To free from noxious plants; as, to weed corn or onions; to weed a garden.", "2. To take away, as noxious plants; as, to weed a writing of invectives.", "3. To free from any thing hurtful or offensive; as, to weed a kingdom of bad subjects.", "4. To root out vice; as, to weed the hearts of the young."], "weeded": ["WEEDED, pp. Freed from weeds or whatever is noxious."], "weeding": ["WEEDING, ppr. Freeing from weeds or whatever is noxious to growth.", "WEEDING, n. The operation of freeing from noxious weeds, as a crop."], "week": ["WEEK, n. G.", "1. The space of seven days.", "I fast twice in the week. Luke 18.", "2. In Scripture, a prophetic week, is a week of years, or seven years. Daniel 9."], "weep": ["WEEP, v.i. pret. and pp. wept. Weeped, I believe is never used. See Whoop. The primary sense is to cry out.", "1. To express sorrow, grief or anguish by outcry. This is the original sense. But in present usage, to manifest and express grief by outcry or by shedding tears.", "They all wept sore, and fell on Pauls neck, and kissed him. Acts 20.", "Phocion was rarely seen to weep or to laugh.", "2. To shed tears from any passion. Persons sometimes weep for joy.", "3. To lament; to complain. Numbers 11.", "WEEP, v.t.", "1. To lament; to bewail; to bemoan.", "We wandring go through dreary wastes, and weep each others woe.", "2. To shed moisture; as, to weep tears of joy.", "Groves whose rich trees wept odrous gum and balm.", "3. To drop; as the weeping amber.", "4. To abound with wet; as weeping grounds."], "weeping": ["WEEPING, ppr. Lamenting; shedding tears.", "WEEPING, n. Lamentation."], "weigh": ["WEIGH, v.t. wa. L., G. See Wag.", "1. To examine by the balance; to ascertain the weight, that is, the force with which a thing tends to the center of gravity; as, to weigh sugar; to weigh gold.", "2. To be equivalent to in weight; that is, according to the Saxon sense of the verb, to lift to an equipoise a weight on the other side of the fulcrum. Thus when a body balances a weight of twenty eight pounds avoirdupois, it lifts or bears it, and is said to weigh so much. It weighs a quarter of a hundred.", "3. To raise; to lift; as an anchor from the ground, or any other body; as, to weigh anchor; to weigh an old hulk.", "4. To pay, allot or take by weight.", "They weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. Zechariah 11.", "5. To ponder in the mind; to consider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or coming to a conclusion; as, to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of a scheme.", "Regard not who it is which speaketh, but weigh only what is spoken.", "6. To compare by the scales.", "Here in nice balance truth with gold she weighs.", "7. To regard; to consider as worthy of notice.", "I weigh not you.", "To weigh down,", "1. To overbalance.", "2. To oppress with weight; to depress.", "WEIGH, v.i.", "1. To have weight; as, to weigh lighter or heavier.", "2. To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. This argument weighs with the considerate part of the community.", "3. To bear heavily; to press hard.", "--Cleanse the stuffd bosom of that perilous stuff, which weighs upon the heart.", "To weigh down, to sink by its own weight.", "WEIGH, n. A certain quantity. A weigh of wool, cheese, &c., is 256 lb. Avoirdupois; a weigh of corn is forty bushels; of barly or malt, six quarters."], "weighed": ["WEIGHED, pp.", "1. Examined by the scales; having the weight ascertained.", "2. Considered.", "3. a. Experienced; as a young man not weighed in state affair. Not in use."], "weighing": ["WEIGHING, ppr. Examining by scales; considering.", "WEIGHING, n.", "1. The act of ascertaining weight.", "2. As much as is weighed at once; as a weighing of beef."], "weight": ["WEIGHT, n. Wate. See Weigh.", "1. The quantity of a body, ascertained by the balance; in a philosophical sense, that quality of bodies by which they tend towards the center of the earth in a line perpendicular to its surface. In short, weight is gravity, and the weight of a particular body is the amount of its gravity, or of the force with which it tends to the center. The weight of a body is in direct proportion to its quantity of matter.", "2. A mass of iron, lead, brass or other metal, to be used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies; as a weight of an ounce, a pound, a quarter of a hundred, &c. The weights of nations are different except those of England and the United States, which are the same.", "3. A ponderous mass; something heavy.", "A man leaps better with weights in his hands.", "4. Pressure; burden; as the weight of grief; weight of care; weight of business; weight of government.", "5. Importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness; as a argument of great weight; a consideration of vast weight. The dignity of a mans character adds weight to his words."], "weightiness": ["WEIGHTINESS, n.", "1. Ponderousness; gravity; heaviness.", "2. Solidity; force; impressiveness; power of convincing; as the weightiness of an argument.", "3. Importance."], "weighty": ["WEIGHTY, a.", "1. Having great weight; heavy; ponderous; as a weighty body.", "2. Important; forcible; momentous; adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to convince; as weighty reasons; weighty matters; weighty considerations or arguments.", "3. Rigorous; severe; as our weightier judgment. Not in use."], "welfare": ["WELFARE, n. well and fare, a good faring; G.", "1. Exemption from misfortune, sickness, calamity or evil; the enjoyment of health and the common blessings of life; prosperity; happiness; applied to persons.", "2. Exemption from any unusual evil or calamity; the enjoyment of peace and prosperity, or the ordinary blessings of society and civil government; applied to states."], "well": ["WELL, n. G., a spring; to spring, to issue forth, to gush, to well, to swell. G., a wave. On this word I suppose swell to be formed.", "1. A spring; a fountain; the issuing of water from the earth.", "Begin then, sisters of the sacred well. In this sense obsolete.", "2. A pit or cylindrical hole, sunk perpendicularly into the earth to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, and walled with stone to prevent the earth from caving in.", "3. In ships, an apartment in the middle of a ships hold, to inclose the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck.", "4. In a fishing vessel, an apartment in the middle of the hold, made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated int he bottom to let in fresh water for the preservation of fish, while they are transported to market.", "5. In the military art, a hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, from which run branches or galleries."], "wen": ["WEN, n. An encysted swelling or tumor; also, a fleshy excrescence growing on animals, sometimes to a large size."], "wench": ["WENCH, n.", "1. A young woman. Little used.", "2. A young woman of ill fame.", "3. In America, a black or colored female servant; a negress.", "WENCH, v.i. To frequent the company of women of ill fame."], "wenching": ["WENCHING, ppr. Frequenting women of ill fame."], "went": ["WENT, pret. of the obsolete verb wend. We now arrange went in grammar as the preterit of go, but in origin it has no connection with it."], "wept": ["WEPT, pret. and pp. of weep.", "When he had come near, he beheld the city and wept over it. Luke 19."], "were": ["WERE, pron. er, which when prolonged, becomes ware. This is used as the imperfect tense plural of be; we were, you were, they were; and in some other tenses. It is the Danish verb vaerer, to be, to exist, and in origin has no connection with be, nor with was. It is united with be, to supply its want of tenses, as went is with go.", "WERE, n. A dam. See Wear."], "wert": ["WERT, the second person singular of the subjunctive imperfect tense of be. See Were.", "Werth, worth, in names, signifies a farm, court or village."], "west": ["WEST, n. L., a decline or fall, departure. In elements, it coincides with waste.", "1. In strictness, that point of the horizon where the sun sets at the equinox, or any point in a direct line between the spectator or other object, and that point of the horizon; or west is the intersection of the prime vertical with the horizon, on that side where the sun sets. West is directly opposite to east, and one of the cardinal points. In a less strict sense, west is the region of the hemisphere near the point where the sun sets when in the equator. Thus we say, a star sets in the west, a meteor appears in the west, a cloud rises in the west.", "2. A country situated in the region towards the sun-setting, with respect to another. Thus in the United States, the inhabitants of the Atlantic states speak of the inhabitants of Ohio, Kentucky or Missouri, and call them people of the west; and formerly, the empire of Rome was called the empire of the West, in opposition to the empire of the East, the seat of which was Constantinople.", "WEST, a.", "1. Being in a line towards the point where the sun sets when in the equator; or in a looser sense, being in the region near the line of direction towards that point, either on the earth or in the heavens.", "This shall be your west border. Numbers 34.", "2. Coming or moving from the west or western region; as a west wind.", "WEST, adv. To the western region; at the westward; more westward; as, Ireland lies west of England.", "WEST, v.i. To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. Not in use."], "westing": ["WESTING, n. Space or distance westward; or departure; as the westing and southing of a ship."], "western": ["WESTERN, a.", "1. Being in the west, or int he region nearly in the direction of west; being in that quarter where the sun sets; as the western shore of France; the western ocean.", "2. Moving in a line to the part where the sun sets; as, the ship makes a western course."], "westward": ["WESTWARD, adv. L. Towards the west; as, to ride or sail westward."], "wet": ["WET, a. Gr., L.", "1. Containing water, as wet land, or a wet cloth; or having water or other liquid upon the surface, as a wet table. Wet implies more water or liquid than moist or humid.", "2. Rainy; as wet weather; a wet season.", "WET, n.", "1. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in considerable degree. Wear thick shoes or pattens to keep your feet from the wet.", "2. Rainy weather; foggy or misty weather.", "WET, v.t. pret. and pp. wet. But wetted is sometimes used.", "1. To fill or moisten with water or other liquid; to sprinkle or humectate; to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to the surface; to dip or soak in liquor; as, to wet a spunge; to wet the hands; to wet cloth.", "Wet the thirsty earth with falling showrs.", "2. To moisten with drink."], "wetness": ["WETNESS, n.", "1. The state of being wet, either by being soaked or filled with liquor, or by having a liquid adherent to the surface; as the wetness of land; the wetness of a cloth. It implies more water or liquid than humidness or moisture.", "2. A watery or moist state of the atmosphere; a state of being rainy, foggy or misty; as the wetness of weather or the season."], "whale": ["WHALE, n. G., to stir, agitate or rove. The general name of an order of animals inhabiting the ocean, arranged in zoology under the name of Cete or Cetacea, and belonging to the class Mammalia in the Linnean system. The common whale is of the genus Balaena. It is the largest animal of which we have any account, and probably the largest in the world. It is sometimes ninety feet in length in the northern seas, and in the torrid zone much larger. The whale furnishes us with oil, whalebone, &c. See Cachalot."], "what": ["WHAT, pronoun relative or substitute. G., L. See Wight.", "1. That which. Say what you will, is the same as say that which you will.", "2. Which part. Consider what is due to nature, and what to art or labor.", "3. What is the substitute for a sentence or clause of a sentence. I tell thee what, corporal, I could tear her. Here what relates to the last clause, I could tear her; this is what I tell you.", "4. What is used as an adjective, of both genders, often in specifying sorts or particulars. See what colors this silk exhibits. I know what qualities you desire in a friend; that is, I know the qualities which you desire.", "5. What is much used in asking questions. What sort of character is this? What poem is this? What man is this we see coming?", "6. What time, at the time or on the day when.", "What time the morn mysterious visions brings.", "7. To how great a degree.", "What a partial judges are our love and hate!", "8. Whatever.", "Whether it was the shortness of his foresight, the strength of his will--or what it was--", "9. Some part, or some. The year before, he had so used the matter, that what by force, what by policy, he had taken from the Christians above thirty castles; that is, he had taken above thirty castles; that is, he had taken above thirty castles, a part or some by force, a part or some by policy; or what may be interpreted partly. Sometimes what has no verb to govern it, and it must be considered as adverbially used. What with carrying apples and fuel, he finds himself in a hurry; that is, partly, in part.", "10. What is sometimes used elliptically for what is this, or how is this?", "What! Could ye not watch with me one hour? Matthew 26.", "11. What is used interrogatively and elliptically, as equivalent to what will be the consequence? What will follow? As in the phrase, what if I undertake this business myself?", "What though, that is, grant this or that; allow it to be so.", "What ho, an exclamation of calling.", "WHAT, n. Fare; things; matter. Not in use."], "whatsoever": ["WHATSOEVER, a compound of what, so, and ever, has the sense of whatever, and is less used than the latter. Indeed it is nearly obsolete. Whatso, in a like sense, is entirely obsolete."], "wheat": ["WHEAT, n. G. A plant of the genus Triticum, and the seed of the plant, which furnishes a white flour for bread, and next to rice, is the grain most generally used by the human race. Of this grain the varieties are numerous, as red wheat, white wheat, bald wheat, bearded wheat, winter wheat, summer wheat, &c."], "wheaten": ["WHEATEN, a. Hweetn. Made of wheat; as wheaten bread."], "wheel": ["WHEEL, n.", "1. A circular frame of wood, iron or other metal, consisting of a nave or hub, into which are inserted spokes which sustain a rim or felly; the whole turning on an axis. The name is also given to a solid circular or round piece of wood or metal, which revolves on an axis. The wheel and axle constitute one of the mechanical powers.", "2. A circular body.", "3. A carriage that moves on wheels.", "4. An instrument for torturing criminals; as an examination made by the rack and the wheel.", "5. A machine for spinning thread, of various kinds.", "6. Rotation; revolution; turn; as the vicissitude and wheel of things.", "7. A turning about; a compass.", "He throws his flight in many an airy wheel.", "8. In pottery, a round board turned by a lathe in a horizontal position, on which the clay is shaped by the hand."], "wheeled": ["WHEELED, pp. Conveyed on wheels; turned; rolled round."], "wheeling": ["WHEELING, ppr. Conveying on wheels or in a wheel-carriage; turning.", "WHEELING, n.", "1. The act of conveying on wheels.", "2. The act of passing on wheels, or convenience for passing on wheels. We say, it is good wheeling, or bad wheeling, according to the state of the roads.", "3. A turning or circular movement of troops embodied."], "whelp": ["WHELP, n. L.", "1. The young of the canine species, and of several other beasts of prey; a puppy; a cub; as a bear robbed of her whelps; lions whelps.", "2. A son; in contempt.", "3. A young man; in contempt.", "WHELP, v.i. To bring forth young, as the female of the canine species and some other beasts of prey."], "when": ["WHEN, adv. G., L.", "1. At the time. We were present when General LaFayette embarked at Havre for New York.", "2. At what time, interrogatively.", "When shall these things be? Matthew 24.", "3. Which time.", "I was adopted heir by his consent; since when, his oath is broke.", "4. After the time that. When the act is passed, the public will be satisfied.", "5. At what time.", "Kings may take their advantage, when and how they list.", "When as, at the time when; what time.", "When as sacred light began to dawn."], "whence": ["WHENCE, adv.", "1. From what place.", "Whence and what art thou?", "2. From what source. Whence shall we derive hope? Whence comes this honor?", "Whence hath this man this wisdom? Matthew 13.", "3. From which premises, principles or facts. These facts or principles are admitted, whence it follows, that judgment must be entered for the plaintiff.", "4. How; by what way or means. Mark 12.", "5. In general, from which person, cause, place, principle or circumstance.", "From whence may be considered as tautological, from being implied in whence; but the use is well authorized, and in some cases the use of it seems to give force or beauty to the phrase. We ascended the mountain, from whence we took a view of the beautiful plains below.", "Of whence is not now used."], "whensoever": ["WHENSOEVER, adv. when, so, and ever. At what time soever; at whatever time."], "where": ["WHERE, adv.", "1. At which place or places.", "She visited the place where first she was so happy--", "In all places where I record my name, I will come to thee and I will bless thee. Exodus 20.", "2. At or in what place.", "Adam, where art thou? Genesis 3.", "3. At the place in which.", "Where I though the remnant of my age should have been cherishd by her child-like duty.", "4. Whither; to what place, or from what place. Where are you going? Where are you from? These uses of where are common, and the first cannot be condemned as vulgar.", "Any where, in any place. I sought the man, but could not find him any where.", "Note. Where seems to have been originally a noun, and was so used by Spenser. He shall find no where safe to him. In this sense, it is obsolete; yet it implies place, its original signification."], "whereness": ["WHERENESS, n. Ubiety; imperfect locality.", "A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to nothing.", "This word is not used, nor has it any intelligible signification."], "whereabout": ["WHEREABOUT, adv. where and about.", "1. Near what place. Whereabout did you meet your friend?", "2. Near which place.", "3. Concerning which.", "The object whereabout they are conversant."], "whereas": ["WHEREAS, adv. s as z. where and as.", "1. When in fact or truth, implying opposition to something that precedes.", "Are not those found to be the greatest zealots, who are most notoriously ignorant? Whereas true zeal should always begin with true knowledge.", "2. The thing being so that; considering that things are so; implying an admission of facts, sometimes followed by a different statement, and sometimes by inferences or something consequent, as in the law style, where a preamble introduces a law.", "Whereas wars are generally causes of poverty--", "3. Whereat; at which place.", "4. But on the contrary. See No. 1."], "whereby": ["WHEREBY, adv. where and by.", "1. By which.", "You take my life, when you do take the means whereby I live.", "2. By what, interrogatively.", "Whereby shall I know this? Luke 1."], "wherefore": ["WHEREFORE, adv. where and for.", "1. For which reason.", "Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them. Matthew 7.", "2. Why; for what reason.", "Wherefore didst thou doubt? Matthew 14."], "wherein": ["WHEREIN, adv. where and in.", "1. In which; in which thing, time, respect, book, &c. This is the thing wherein you have erred.", "2. In what.", "Yet ye say, wherein have we wearied him? Malachi 2."], "whereinto": ["WHEREINTO, adv. where and into. Into which."], "whereof": ["WHEREOF, adv. where and of.", "1. Of which. We are not guilty of the crime whereof we are accused.", "2. Of what. Whereof was this house built?", "How this world, when and whereof created--"], "whereon": ["WHEREON, adv. where and on.", "1. On which; as the ground whereon we tread.", "2. On what. Whereon do we stand?"], "wheresoever": ["WHERESOEVER, adv. where, so, and ever. In what place soever; in whatever place, or in any place indefinitely. Seize the thief, wheresoever he may be found. Wherever is the preferable word."], "whereto": ["WHERETO, adv. where and to.", "1. To which.", "Whereto we have already attained-- Philippians 3.", "2. To what; to what end. Little used."], "whereunto": ["WHEREUNTO, adv. where and unto. The same as whereto. Little used."], "whereupon": ["WHEREUPON, adv. Upon which.", "The townsmen mutinied and sent to Essex, whereupon he came thither."], "wherewith": ["WHEREWITH, adv. where an with.", "1. With which.", "The love wherewith thou hast loved me. John 17.", "2. With what, interrogatively.", "Wherewith shall I save Israel? Judges 6."], "wherewithal": ["WHEREWITHAL, adv. See Withal. where, with, and all. The same as wherewith."], "whet": ["WHET, v.t. pret. and pp. whetted or whet. G.", "1. To rub for the purpose of sharpening, as an edge tool; to sharpen by attrition; as, to whet a sythe or an ax.", "2. To provoke; to excite; to stimulate; as, to whet the appetite.", "3. To provoke; to make angry or acrimonious.", "Since Cassius first did whet me against Cesar, I have not slept.", "To whet on or whet forward, to urge on; to instigate. Not used nor proper.", "WHET, n.", "1. The act of sharpening by friction.", "2. Something that provokes or stimulates the appetite; as sips, drams and whets."], "whetted": ["WHETTED, pp. Rubbed for sharpening; sharpened; provoked; stimulated."], "whetting": ["WHETTING, ppr. Rubbing for the purpose of making sharp; sharpening; provoking; inciting; stimulating."], "whether": ["WHETHER, pronoun or substitute. L. The sense seems to be what, or which of two, referring either to persons or to sentences.", "1. Which of two.", "Whether of them twain did the will of his father? Matthew 21/", "Here whether is a substitute for one of two, and signifies which; which of the two; but in this sense it is obsolete.", "2. Which of two alternatives, expressed by a sentence or the clause of a sentence, and followed by or. Resolve whether you will go or not; that is, you will go or not go; resolve which.", "Note. IN the latter use, which is now most common, whether is called an adverb. This is a mistake. It is the same part of speech as in the former example. The only difference is that in the former example it represents or refers to a noun, and in the latter to a sentence or clause."], "which": ["WHICH, pron. relative or substitute. I have not found this word in any other language. I think it may be from the root of quick. See What and Wight.", "1. A word called a relative or pronoun relative, because it relates to another word or thing, usually to some word that precedes it in the sentence. I call it also a substitute, as it supplies the place of a noun, or of an adjective, or of a sentence or clause. 1. The garden which I cultivate, that is , the garden, which garden I cultivate. 2. We are bound to obey all the divine commands, which we cannot do without divine aid. Here which represents the words, obey the divine commands. 3. You declared him to be innocent, which he is not. Here which stands for innocent. In the foregoing uses, which is not used int eh masculine gender, that is, it does not in modern usage represent a person.", "2. Which is much used in asking questions, for the purpose of obtaining the designation of a particular person or thing by the answer, and in this use, it is of the masculine as well as of the neuter gender. There are two or three things to be done; which shall I do first? Which man is it?", "Which of you convinceth me of sin? John 8.", "For which of those works do ye stone me? John 10.", "3. That which. Take which you will, that is, take any one of the whole.", "The which, by the which. The use of the before which, is obsolete."], "while": ["WHILE, n. G. See the Verb. Time; space of time, or continued duration. He was some while in this country. One while we thought him innocent.", "Pausing a while, thus to herself she musd.", "Worth while, worth the time which it requires; worth the time and pains; hence, worth the expense. It is not always worth while for a man to prosecute for small debts.", "WHILE, adv.", "1. During the time that while I write, you sleep.", "2. As long as.", "Use your memory, and you will sensibly experience a gradual improvement, while you take care not to overload it.", "3. At the same time that.", "WHILE, v.t. G., to abide, to stay. To while away, as time, in English, is to loiter; or more generally, to cause time to pass away pleasantly, without irksomeness; as, we while away time in amusements or diversions.", "Let us while away this life.", "WHILE, v.i. To loiter."], "whiling": ["WHILING, ppr. Loitering; passing time agreeably, without impatience or tediousness."], "whilst": ["WHILST, adv. The same as while, which see. Whiles is not used."], "whip": ["WHIP, v.t. L., a sweeping throw or thrust.", "1. To strike with a lash or sweeping cord; as, to whip a horse.", "2. To sew slightly.", "3. To drive with lashes; as, to whip a top.", "4. To punish with the whip; as, to whip a vagrant; to whip one thirty nine lashes; to whip a perverse boy.", "Who, for false quantities, was whippd at school.", "5. To lash with sarcasm.", "They would whip me with their fine wits.", "6. To strike; to thrash; to beat out, as grain, by striking; as, to whip wheat. Not in use int he United States.", "To whip about or round, to wrap; to inwrap; as, to whip a line round a rod.", "To whip out, to draw nimbly; to snatch; as, to whip out a sword or rapier from its sheath.", "To whip from, to take away suddenly.", "To whip into, to thrust in with a quick motion. He whipped his hand into his pocket.", "To whip us, to seize or take up with a quick motion. She whipped up the child, and ran off. Among seamen, to hoist with a whip or small tackle.", "WHIP, v.i. To move nimbly; to start suddenly and run; or to turn and run; as, the boy whipped away in an instant; he whipped round the corner; he whipped into the house, and was out of wight in a moment.", "WHIP, n.", "1. An instrument for driving horses or other teams, or for correction, consisting of a lash tied to a handle or rod.", "2. In ships, a small tackle, used to hoist light bodies.", "Whip and spur, with the utmost haste."], "whipped": ["WHIPPED, pp. Struck with a whip; punished; enwrapped; sewed slightly."], "whipping": ["WHIPPING, ppr. Striking with a whip; punishing with a whip; enwrapping.", "WHIPPING, n. The act of striking with a whip, or of punishing; the state of being whipped."], "whirl": ["WHIRL, v.t. hwurl. G., to whirl, to warble. L. TO turn round rapidly; to turn with velocity.", "He whirls his sword around without delay.", "WHIRL, v.i.", "1. To be turned round rapidly; to move round with velocity; as the whirling spindles of a cotton machine or wheels of a coach.", "The wooden engine flies and whirls about.", "2. To move hastily.", "--But whirld away, to shun his hateful sight.", "WHIRL, n. G.", "1. A turning with rapidity or velocity; rapid rotation or circumvolution; quick gyration; as the whirl of a top; the whirl of a wheel; the whirl of time; the whirls of fancy.", "2. Any thing that moves or is turned with velocity, particularly on an axis or pivot.", "3. A hook used in twisting.", "4. In botany, a species of inflorescence, consisting of many subsessile flowers surrounding the stem in a ring. It is also written whorl and wherl."], "whirled": ["WHIRLED, pp.", "1. Turned round with velocity.", "2. In botany, growing in whirls; bearing whirls; verticillate."], "whirling": ["WHIRLING, ppr. Turning or moving round with velocity."], "whirlwind": ["WHIRLWIND, n. whirl and wind. A violent wind moving in a circle, or rather in a spiral form, as if moving round an axis; this axis or the perpendicular column moving horizontally, raising and whirling dust, leaves and the like."], "whisper": ["WHISPER, v.i. L. The word seems by its sound to be an onomatopy, as it expresses a sibilant sound or breathing.", "1. To speak with a low hissing or sibilant voice. It is ill manners to whisper in company.", "The hollow whispring breeze--", "2. To speak with suspicion or timorous caution.", "3. To plot secretly; to devise in mischief.", "All that hate me whisper together against me. Psalm 41.", "WHISPER, v.t.", "1. To address in a low voice. He whispers the man in the ear. But this is elliptical for whispers to.", "2. To utter in a low sibilant voice. He whispered a word in my ear.", "3. To prompt secretly; as, the came to whisper Woolsey.", "WHISPER, n.", "1. A low soft sibilant voice; or words uttered with such a voice.", "The whisper cannot give a tone.", "Soft whispers through the assembly went.", "2. A cautious or timorous speech.", "3. A hissing or buzzing sound."], "whispered": ["WHISPERED, pp. Uttered in a low voice; uttered with suspicion or caution."], "whisperer": ["WHISPERER, n.", "1. One who whispers.", "2. A tattler; one who tells secrets; a conveyer of intelligence secretly.", "3. A backbiter; one who slanders secretly. Proverbs 16."], "whispering": ["WHISPERING, ppr. Speaking in a low voice; telling secretly; backbiting."], "whisperingly": ["WHISPERINGLY, adv. In a low voice."], "whit": ["WHIT, n. L. A point; a jot; the smallest part or particle imaginable. It is used without a preposition. He is not a whit the wiser for experience.", "It does not me a whit displease.", "The regular construction would be by a whit, or in a whit. In these phrases, a whit may be interpreted by in the least, in the smallest degree."], "white": ["WHITE, a. G.", "1. Being in the color of pure snow; snowy; not dark; as white paper; a white skin.", "2. Pale; destitute of color in the cheeks, or of the tinge of blood color; as white with fear.", "3. Having the color of purity; pure; clean; free from spot; as white robed innocence.", "4. Gray; as white hair; a venerable man, white with age.", "5. Pure; unblemished.", "No whiter page than Addisons remains.", "6. In a scriptural sense, purified from sin; sanctified. Psalm 51."], "whited": ["WHITED, pp. Made white; whitened."], "whitely": ["WHITELY, adv. Coming near to white. Not used."], "whiteness": ["WHITENESS, n.", "1. The state of being white; white color, or freedom from any darkness or obscurity on the surface.", "2. Paleness; want of a sanguineous tinge in the face.", "3. Purity; cleanness; freedom from stain or blemish."], "whites": ["WHITES, n. The fluor albus, a disease of females."], "whiting": ["WHITING, n. from white.", "1. A small sea fish, the Asellus mollis or albus, a species of Gadus.", "2. The same as Spanish white, which see."], "whither": ["WHITHER, adv.", "1. To what place, interrogatively. Whither goest thou?", "Whither away so fast?", "2. To what place, absolutely.", "I strayd, I knew not whither.", "3. To which place, relatively.", "Whither when as they came, they fell at words.", "4. To what point or degree.", "5. Whithersoever."], "whithersoever": ["WHITHERSOEVER, adv. whither and soever. To whatever place. I will go whithersoever you lead."], "who": ["WHO, pron. relative. pron. hoo. L. Who is undoubtedly a contracted word in English as in Latin. See What and Wight.", "1. Who is a pronoun relative, always referring to persons. It forms whose in the genitive or possessive case, answering to the L. Cujus, and whom in the objective or accusative case. Who, whose and whom, are in both numbers. Thus we say, the man or woman who was with us; the men or women who were with us; the men or women whom we saw.", "2. Which of many. Are you satisfied who did the mischief?", "3. It is much used in asking questions; as, who am I? Who art thou? Who is this? Who are these? In this case, the purpose is to obtain the name or designation of the person or character.", "4. It has sometimes a disjunctive sense.", "There thou tellst of kings, and who aspire; who fall, who rise, who triumph, who do moan.", "5. Whose is of all genders. Whose book is this?", "This question whose solution I require--", "As who should say, elliptically for as one who should say."], "whole": ["WHOLE, a. Hole. G., Gr. This seems to be connected with heal, hale. Of this the derivative wholesome, is evidence.", "1. All; total; containing the total amount or number, or the entire thing; as the whole earth; the whole world; the whole solar system; the whole army; the whole nation.", "2. Complete; entire; not defective or imperfect; as a whole orange; the egg is whole; the vessel is whole.", "3. Unimpaired; unbroken; uninjured.", "My life is yet whole in me. 2 Samuel 1.", "4. Sound; not hurt or sick.", "They that are whole need not a physician. Matthew 9.", "5. Restored to health and soundness; sound; well.", "Thy faith hath made thee whole. Mark 5.", "His hand was restored whole. Mark 3.", "WHOLE, n.", "1. The entire thing; the entire or total assemblage of parts. The whole of religion is contained in the short precept, Love God with all your heart, and your neighbor as yourself.", "Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man. Ecclesiastes 12.", "2. A system; a regular combination of parts."], "wholesome": ["WHOLESOME, a. G.", "1. Tending to promote health; favoring health; salubrious; as wholesome air or diet; a wholesome climate.", "2. Sound; contributing to the health of the mind; favorable to morals, religion or prosperity; as wholesome advice; wholesome doctrines; wholesome truths."], "wholesomely": ["WHOLESOMELY, adv. In a wholesome or salutary manner; salubriously."], "wholesomeness": ["WHOLESOMENESS, n.", "1. The quality of contributing to health; salubrith; as the wholesomeness of air or diet."], "wholly": ["WHOLLY, adv.", "1. Entirely; completely; perfectly.", "Nor wholly overcome, nor wholly yield.", "2. Totally; in all the parts or kinds.", "They employed themselves wholly in domestic life."], "whom": ["WHOM, pron. hoom. The objective of who, coinciding with the L. quem and quam."], "whomsoever": ["WHOMSOEVER, pron. whom and soever. Any person without exception.", "With whomsoever thou findest thy goods, let him not live. Genesis 31."], "whore": ["WHORE, n. Hore. G. The correct orthography is hore. A harlot; a courtesan; a concubine; a prostitute.", "WHORE, v.i. supra. To have unlawful sexual commerce; to practice lewdness.", "WHORE, v.t. To corrupt by lewd intercourse. Little used."], "whoredom": ["WHOREDOM, n. Horedom.", "1. Lewdness; fornication; practice of unlawful commerce with the other sex. It is applied to either sex, and to any kind of illicit commerce.", "2. In Scripture, idolatry; the desertion of the worship of the true God, for the worship of idols."], "whoremonger": ["WHOREMONGER, n. The same as whoremaster."], "whorish": ["WHORISH, a. Lewd; unchaste; addicted to unlawful sexual pleasures; incontinent."], "whorishness": ["WHORISHNESS, n. The practice of lewdness; the character of a lewd woman."], "whose": ["WHOSE, hooz. The possessive or genitive case of who or which; applied to persons or things. We say, the person whose merits are known; the garment whose color is admired."], "whoso": ["WHOSO, pron. Hooso. Any person whatever."], "whosoever": ["WHOSOEVER, pron. who, so, and ever. Any one; any person whatever.", "Whosoever will, let him take of the water of life freely. Revelations 22."], "why": ["WHY, adv. L., for what. The original phrase is for what, for why.", "1. For what cause or reason, interrogatively.", "Turn ye, turn ye, for why will ye die? Jeremiah 27.", "2. For which reason or cause, relatively.", "No ground of enmity, why he should mean me ill.", "3. For what reason or cause; for which; relatively.", "Turn the discourse; I have a reason why I would not have you speak so tenderly.", "4. It is used sometimes emphatically, or rather as a expletive.", "If her chill heart I cannot move, why, Ill enjoy the very love."], "wick": ["WICK, n. A number of threads of cotton or some similar substance, loosely twisted into a string, round which wax or tallow is applied by means of melting and running in a mold, and thus forming a candle or torch."], "wicked": ["WICKED, a. The primary sense is to wind and turn, or to depart, to fall away.", "1. Evil in principle or practice; deviating from the divine law; addicted to vice; sinful; immoral. This is a word of comprehensive signification, extending to every thing that is contrary to the moral law, and both to persons and actions. We say, a wicked man, a wicked deed, wicked ways, wicked lives, a wicked heart, wicked designs, wicked works.", "No man was ever wicked without secret discontent.", "2. A word of slight blame; as the wicked urchin.", "3. Cursed; baneful; pernicious; as wicked words, words pernicious in their efforts.", "This last signification may throw some light on the word witch.", "The wicked, in Scripture, persons who live in sin; transgressors of the divine law; all who are unreconciled to God, unsanctified or impenitent."], "wickedly": ["WICKEDLY, adv. IN a manner or with motives and designs contrary to the divine law; viciously; corruptly; immorally.", "All that do wickedly shall be stubble. Malachi 4.", "I have sinned, and I have done wickedly. 2 Samuel 24."], "wickedness": ["WICKEDNESS, n. Departure from the rules of the divine law; evil disposition or practices; immorality; crime; sin; sinfulness; corrupt manners Wickedness generally signifies evil practices.", "What wickedness is this that is done among you? Judges 20.", "But wickedness expresses also the corrupt dispositions of the heart.", "Their inward part is very wickedness. Psalm 5.", "In heart ye work wickedness. Psalm 58."], "wide": ["WIDE, a.", "1. Broad; having a great or considerable distance or extent between the sides; opposed to narrow; as wide cloth; a wide table; a wide highway; a wide bed; a wide hall or entry. In this use, wide is distinguished from long, which refers to the extent or distance between the ends.", "2. Broad; having a great extent each way; as a wide plain; the wide ocean.", "3. Remote; distant. This position is very wide from the truth.", "4. Broad to a certain degree; as three feet wide.", "WIDE, adv.", "1. At a distance; far. His fame was spread wide.", "2. With great extent; used chiefly in composition; as wide-skirted meads; wide-waving swords; wide-wasting pestilence; wide-spreading evil."], "widely": ["WIDELY, adv.", "1. With great extent each way. The gospel was widely disseminated by the apostles.", "2. Very much; to a great distance; far. We differ widely in opinion."], "wideness": ["WIDENESS, n.", "1. Breadth; width; great extent between the sides; as the wideness of a room.", "2. Large extent in all directions; as the wideness of the sea or ocean."], "widow": ["WIDOW, n. L. See Wide. A woman who has lost her husband by death. Luke 2.", "Widows chamber, in London, the apparel and furniture of the bed-chamber of the widow of a freeman, to which she is entitled.", "WIDOW, v.t.", "1. To bereave of a husband; but rarely used except in the participle.", "2. To endow with a widows right. Unusual.", "3. To strip of any thing good.", "The widowd isle in mourning--"], "widowed": ["WIDOWED, pp.", "1. Bereaved of a husband by death.", "2. Deprived of some good; stripped.", "Trees of their shriveld fruits are widowd."], "widower": ["WIDOWER, n. A man who has lost his wife by death."], "widowing": ["WIDOWING, ppr. Bereaving of a husband; depriving; stripping."], "widowhood": ["WIDOWHOOD, n.", "1. The state of being a widow.", "2. Estate settled on a widow. Not in use."], "wife": ["WIFE, n. plu. Wives. G., a woman.", "1. The lawful consort of man; a woman who is united to man in the lawful bonds of wedlock; the correlative of husband.", "The husband of one wife. 1 Timothy 3.", "Let every one of you in particular, so love his wife even as himself, and let the wife see that she reverence her husband. Ephesians 5.", "2. A woman of low employment; as strawberry wives. Not in use."], "wild": ["WILD, a. G.", "1. Roving; wandering; inhabiting the forest or open field; hence, not tamed or domesticated; as a wild boar; a wild ox; a wild cat; a wild bee.", "2. Growing without culture; as wild parsnep; wild cherry; wild tansy. Wild rice, a palatable and nutritious food, grows spontaneously in the lakes and ponds of the North West territory.", "3. Desert; not inhabited; as a wild forest.", "4. Savage; uncivilized; not refined by culture; as the wild natives of Africa or America.", "5. Turbulent; tempestuous; irregular; as a wild tumult.", "The wild winds howl.", "6. Licentious; ungoverned; as wild passions.", "Valor grown wild by pride--", "7. Inconstant; mutable; fickle.", "In the ruling passion, there also the wild are constant, and the cunning known.", "8. Inordinate; loose.", "A fop well dressd, extravagant and wild.", "9. Uncouth; loose.", "--What are these, so witherd, and so wild in their attire?", "10. Irregular; disorderly; done without plan or order; as, to make wild work.", "11. Not well digested; not framed according to the ordinary rules of reason; not being within the limits of probable practicability; imaginary; fanciful; as a wild project or scheme; wild speculations.", "12. Exposed to the wind and sea; as a wild roadstead.", "13. Made or found in the forest; as wild honey.", "Wild is prefixed to the names of many plants, to distinguish them from such of the name as are cultivated in gardens, as wild basil, wild parsnep, wild carrot, wild olive, &.", "WILD, n. A desert; an uninhabited and uncultivated tract or region; a forest or sandy desert; as the wilds of America; the wilds of Africa; the sandy wilds of Arabia.", "Then Libya first, of all her moisture draind, became a barren waste, a wild of sand."], "wilding": ["WILDING, n. A wild sour apple."], "wildness": ["WILDNESS, n.", "1. Rudeness; rough uncultivated state; as the wildness of a forest or heath.", "2. Inordinate disposition to rove; irregularity of manners; as the wildness of youth.", "3. Savageness; brutality.", "4. Savage state; rudeness.", "5. Uncultivated state; as the wildness of land.", "6. A wandering; irregularity.", "Delirium is but a short wildness of the imagination.", "7. Alienation of mind.", "8. State of being untamed.", "9. The quality of being undisciplined, or not subjected to method or rules.", "Is there any danger that this discipline will tame too much the fiery spirit, the enchanting wildness, and magnificent irregularity of the orators genius?"], "wilds": ["WILDS, n. Among farmers, the part of a plow by which it is drawn."], "wilder": ["WILDER, v.t. To lose or cause to lose the way or track; to puzzle with mazes or difficulties; to bewilder.", "Long lost and wilderd in the maze of fate."], "wildered": ["WILDERED, pp. Lost in a pathless tract; puzzled."], "wildering": ["WILDERING, ppr. Puzzling."], "wilderness": ["WILDERNESS, n. from wild.", "1. A desert; a tract of land or region uncultivated and uninhabited by human beings, whether a forest or a wide barren plain. In the United States, it is applied only to a forest. In Scripture, it is applied frequently to the deserts of Arabia. The Israelites wandered int he wilderness forty years.", "2. The ocean.", "The watry wilderness yields no supply.", "3. A state of disorder. Not in use.", "4. A wood in a garden, resembling a forest."], "wile": ["WILE, n. A trick or stratagem practiced for ensnaring or deception; a sly, insidious artifice.", "That ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. Ephesians 6.", "WILE, v.t. To deceive; to beguile. Little used."], "wilily": ["WILILY, adv. from wily. By stratagem; with insidious art. Joshua 9."], "will": ["WILL, n. See the Verb.", "1. That faculty of the mind by which we determine either to do or forbear an action; the faculty which is exercised in deciding, among two or more objects, which we shall embrace or pursue. The will is directed or influenced by the judgment. The understanding or reason compares different objects, which operate as motives; the judgment determines which is preferable, and the will decides which to pursue. In other words, we reason with respect to the value or importance of things; we then judge which is to be preferred; and we will to take the most valuable. These are but different operations of the mind, soul, or intellectual part of man. Great disputes have existed respecting the freedom of the will. Will is often quite a different thing from desire.", "A power over a mans subsistence, amounts to a power over his will.", "2. Choice; determination. It is my will to prosecute the trespasser.", "3. Choice; discretion; pleasure.", "Go, then, the guilty at thy will chastise.", "4. Command; direction.", "Our prayers should be according to the will of God.", "5. Disposition; inclination; desire. What is your will, Sir? In this phrase, the word may also signify determination, especially when addressed to a superior.", "6. Power; arbitrary disposal.", "Deliver me not over to the will of my enemies. Psalm 27.", "7. Divine determination; moral purpose or counsel.", "Thy will be done. Lords Prayer.", "8. Testament; the disposition of a mans estate, to take effect after his death. Wills are written, or nuncupative, that is, verbal.", "Good will,", "1. Favor; kindness.", "2. Right intention. Philippians 1.", "Ill will, enmity; unfriendliness. It expresses less than malice.", "To have ones will, to obtain what is desired.", "At will. To hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy the possession at his pleasure, and be liable to be ousted at any time by the lessor or proprietor.", "Will with a wisp, Jack with a lantern; ignis fatuus; a luminous appearance sometimes seen in the air over moist ground, supposed to proceed from hydrogen gas.", "WILL, v.t. G., L., Gr. The sense is to set, or to set forward, to stretch forward. The sense is well expressed by the L.", "1. To determine; to decide int he mind that something shall be done or forborne; implying power to carry the purpose into effect. In this manner God wills whatever comes to pass. So in the style of princes; we will that execution be done.", "A man that sits still is said to be at liberty, because he can walk if he will it.", "2. To command; to direct.", "Tis yours, O queen! To will the work which duty bids me to fulfill.", "3. To be inclined or resolved to have.", "There, there, Hortensio, will you any wife?", "4. To wish; to desire. What will you?", "5. To dispose of estate and effects by testament.", "6. It is sometimes equivalent to may be. Let the circumstances be what they will; that is, any circumstances, of whatever nature.", "7. Will is used as an auxiliary verb, and a sign of the future tense. It has different signification in different persons.", "1. I will go, is a present promise to go; and with an emphasis on will, it expresses determination.", "2. Thou wilt go, you will go, express foretelling; simply stating an event that is to come.", "3. He will go, is also a foretelling. The use of will in the plural, is the same. We will, promises; ye will, they will, foretell."], "willed": ["WILLED, pp.", "1. Determined; resolved; desired.", "2. Disposed of by will or testament."], "willful": ["WILLFUL, a. will and full.", "1. Governed by the will without yielding to reason; obstinate; stubborn; perverse; inflexible; as a willful man.", "2. Stubborn; refractory; as a willful horse."], "willfulness": ["WILLFULNESS, n. Obstinacy; stubbornness; perverseness.", "Sins of presumption are such as proceed from pride, arrogance, willfulness, and haughtiness of mens heart."], "willing": ["WILLING, ppr.", "1. Determining; resolving; desiring.", "2. Disposing of by will.", "WILLING, a.", "1. Free to do or grant; having the mind inclined; disposed; not averse. Let every man give, who is able and willing.", "2. Pleased; desirous.", "Felix, willing to show the Jews a pleasure. Acts 24.", "3. Ready; prompt.", "He stoopd with weary wings and willing feet.", "4. Chosen; received of choice or without reluctance; as, to be held in willing chains.", "5. Spontaneous.", "No spouts of blood run wiling from a tree.", "6. Consenting."], "willingly": ["WILLINGLY, adv.", "1. With free will; without reluctance; cheerfully.", "2. By ones own choice.", "The condition of that people is not so much to be envied as some would willingly represent it."], "willow": ["WILLOW, n. L. A tree of the genus Salix. There are several species of willow, the white, the black, the purple or red, the sallow, and the broad leaved willow, &c. A species called the weeping willow, has long and slender branches which droop and hang downward, the Salix Babylonica."], "willowed": ["WILLOWED, a. Abounding with willows."], "wilt": ["WILT, v.i. G., to fade; that is, to shrink or withdraw. To begin to wither; to lose freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed to great heat in a dry day, or when first separated from its root. This is a legitimate word, for which there is no substitute in the language. It is not synonymous with wither, as it expresses only the beginning of withering. A wilted plant often revives and becomes fresh; not so a withered plant.", "WILT, v.t.", "1. To cause to begin to wither; to make flaccid; as a green plant.", "2. To cause to languish; to depress or destroy the vigor and energy of.", "Despots have wilted the human race into sloth and imbecility."], "wilted": ["WILTED, pp. Having become flaccid and lost its freshness, as a plant."], "wilting": ["WILTING, ppr. Beginning to fade or wither."], "wimple": ["WIMPLE, n. G., a pendant. A hood or vail. Isaiah 3.", "WIMPLE, v.t. To draw down, as a vail."], "win": ["WIN, v.t. pret. and pp. won. G.", "1. To gain by success in competition or contest; as, to win the prize in a game; to win money; to win a battle, or to win a country. Battles are won by superior strength or skill.", "--Who thus shall Canaan win.", "2. To gain by solicitation or courtship.", "3. To obtain; to allure to kindness or compliance. Thy virtue won me. Win your enemy by kindness.", "4. To gain by persuasion or influence; as, an orator wins his audience by argument. The advocate has won the jury.", "And Mammon wins his way, where seraphs might despair.", "WIN, v.t.", "1. To gain the victory.", "Nor is it aught but just that he, who in debate of truth hath won, should win in arms.", "To win upon, to gain favor or influence; as, to win upon the heart or affections.", "2. To gain ground.", "The rabble will in time win upon power.", "To win of, to be conqueror."], "winning": ["WINNING, ppr. from win.", "1. Gaining success in competition or contest.", "2. a. Attracting; adapted to gain favor; charming; as a winning address.", "WINNING, n. The sum won or gained by success in competition or contest."], "wind": ["WIND, n. L., G. The primary sense is to move, flow, rush or drive along.", "1. Air in motion with any degree of velocity, indefinitely; a current of air. When the air moves moderately, we call it a light wind, or a breeze; when with more velocity, we call it a fresh breeze, and when with violence, we call it a gale, storm or tempest. The word gale is used by the poets for a moderate breeze, but seamen use it as equivalent to storm. Winds are denominated from the point of compass from which they blow; as a north wind; an east wind; a south wind; a west wind; a southwest wind, &c.", "2. The four winds, the cardinal points of the heavens.", "Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain. Ezekiel 37.", "This sense of the word seems to have had its origin with the orientals, as it was the practice of the Hebrews to give to each of the four cardinal points the name of wind.", "3. Direction of the wind from other points of the compass than the cardinal, or any point of compass; as a compass of eight winds.", "4. Breath; power of respiration.", "If my wind were but long enough to say my prayers, I would repent.", "5. Air in motion form any force or action; as the wind of a cannon ball; the wind of a bellows.", "6. Breath modulated by the organs or by an instrument.", "Their instruments were various in their kind, some for the bow, and some for breathing wind.", "7. Air impregnated with scent.", "A pack of dog-fish had him in the wind.", "8. Any thing insignificant or light as wind.", "Think not with wind or airy threats to awe.", "9. Flatulence; air generated in the stomach and bowels; as, to be troubled with wind.", "10. The name given to a disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs immediately after shearing.", "Down the wind, decaying; declining; in a state of decay; as, he went down the wind. Not used.", "To take or have the wind, or to get wind, to be divulged; to become public. The story got wind, or took wind.", "In the winds eye, in seamens language, towards the direct point from which the wind blows.", "Between wind and water, denoting that part of a ships side or bottom which is frequently brought above water by the rolling of the ship, or fluctuation of the waters surface.", "To carry the wind, in the manege, is when a horse tosses his nose as high as his ears.", "Constant or perennial wind, a wind that blows constantly from one point of the compass; as the trade wind of the tropics.", "Shifting, variable or erratic winds, are such as are changeable, now blowing from one point and now from another, and then ceasing altogether.", "Stated or periodical wind, a wind that constantly returns at a certain time, and blows steadily from one point for a certain time. Such are the monsoons in India, and land and sea breezes.", "Trade wind, a wind that blows constantly from one point, such as the tropical wind in the Atlantic."], "winding": ["WINDING, ppr.", "1. Turning; binding about; bending.", "2. a. Bending; twisting from a direct line or an even surface.", "WINDING, n.", "1. A turn or turning; a bend; flexure; meander; as the windings of a road or stream.", "2. A call by the boastswains whistle."], "windiness": ["WINDINESS, n. from windey.", "1. The state of being windy or tempestuous; as the windiness of the weather or season.", "2. Fullness of wind; flatulence.", "3. Tendency to generate wind; as the windiness of vegetables.", "4. Tumor; puffiness.", "The swelling windiness of much knowledge."], "windy": ["WINDY, a.", "1. Consisting of wind; as a windy tempest.", "2. Next the wind; as the windy side.", "3. Tempestuous; boisterous; as windy weather.", "4. Puffy; flatulent; abounding with wind.", "5. Empty; airy; as windy joy."], "window": ["WINDOW, n. G. The vulgar pronunciation is windor, as if from the Welsh gwyntdor, wind-door.", "1. An opening in the wall of a building for the admission of light, and of air when necessary. This opening has a frame on the sides, in which are set movable sashes, containing panes of glass. In the United Sates, the sashes are made to rise and fall, for the admission or exclusion of air. In France, windows are shut with frames or sashes that open and shut vertically, like the leaves of a folding door.", "2. An aperture or opening.", "A window shalt thou make to the ark. Genesis 6.", "3. The frame or other thing that covers the aperture.", "Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes.", "4. An aperture; or rather the clouds or water-spouts.", "The windows of heaven were opened. Genesis 7.", "5. Lattice or casement; or the network of wire used before the invention of glass. Judges 5.", "6. Lines crossing each other.", "Till he has windows on his bread and butter.", "WINDOW, v.t.", "1. To furnish with windows.", "2. To place at a window. Unusual.", "3. To break into openings. Unusual."], "wine": ["WINE, n. Gr.", "1. The fermented juice of grapes; as the wine of the Madeira grape; the wine of Burgundy or Oporto.", "2. The juice of certain fruits, prepared with sugar, spirits, &c.; as currant wine; gooseberry wine.", "3. Intoxication.", "Noah awoke from his wine. Genesis 9.", "4. Drinking.", "They that tarry long at the wine. Proverbs 23.", "Corn and wine, in Scripture, are put for all kinds of necessaries for subsistence. Psalm.", "Bread and wine, in the Lords supper, are symbols of the body and blood of Christ."], "wing": ["WING, n.", "1. The limb of a fowl by which it flies. In a few species of fowls, the wings do not enable them to fly; as is the case with the dodo, ostrich, great auk, and penguin; but in the two former, the wings assist the fowls in running.", "2. The limb of an insect by which it flies.", "3. In botany, the side petal of a papilionaceous corol; also, an appendage of seeds, by means of which they are wafted in the air and scattered; also, any membranous or leafy dilatation of a footstalk, or of the angles of a stem, branch or flower stalk, or of a calyx.", "4. Flight; passage by the wind; as, to be on the wind; to take wing.", "5. Means of flying; acceleration. Fear adds wings to flight.", "6. Motive or incitement of flight.", "Then fiery expedition be my wing.", "7. The flank or extreme body or part of an army.", "8. Any side-piece.", "9. In gardening, a side-shoot.", "10. In architecture, a side-building, less than the main edifice.", "11. In fortification, the longer sides of hornworks, crown-works, &c.", "12. In a fleet, the ships on the extremities, when ranged in a line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle.", "13. In a ship, the wings are those parts of the hold and orlop deck, which are nearest the sides.", "14. In Scripture, protection; generally in the plural. Psalm 63. Exodus 19.", "On the wings of the wind, with the utmost velocity. Psalm 18.", "WING, v.t.", "1. To furnish with wings; to enable to fly or to move with celerity.", "Who heaves old ocean, and who wings the storms.", "2. To supply with side bodies; as on either side well winged.", "3. To transport by flight.", "I, an old turtle, will wing me to some witherd bough.", "Edge the keen sword, and wing th unerring ball.", "To wing a flight, to exert the power of flying."], "winged": ["WINGED, pp.", "1. Furnished with wings; transported by flying.", "2. a. Having wings; as a winged fowl. Genesis 1.", "3. Swift; rapid; as with winged haste.", "4. Wounded; hurt.", "5. In botany, furnished with longitudinal membranous appendages, as a winged stalk or stem; or with downy or hairy appendages, as winged seeds.", "Winged petiole, having a thing membrane or border on each side, or dilated on the sides.", "Winged leaf, a pennate leaf; a species of compound leaf, wherein a simple leaf has several leaflets fastened to each side of it.", "6. In heraldry, represented with wings, or having wings of a different color from the body.", "7. Fanned with wings; swarming with birds."], "wink": ["WINK, v.i. G. Wink and wince are radically one word.", "1. To shut the eyes; to close the eyelids.", "They are not blind, but they wink.", "2. To close and open the eyelids.", "3. To give a hint by a motion of the eyelids.", "Wink at the footman to leave him without a plate.", "4. To close the eyelids and exclude the light.", "Or wink as cowards and afraid.", "5. To be dim; as a winking light.", "To wink at, to connive at; to seem not to see; to tolerate; to overlook, as something not perfectly agreeable; as, to wink at faults.", "WINK, n.", "1. The act of closing the eyelids. I lay awake, and could not sleep a wink.", "I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink.", "2. A hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast."], "winking": ["WINKING, ppr. Shutting the eyes; shutting and opening the eyelids; hinting by closing the eye; conniving at; overlooking."], "winkingly": ["WINKINGLY, adv. With the eye almost closed."], "winnow": ["WINNOW, v.t. L., a fan.", "1. To separate and drive off the chaff from grain by means of wind. Grain is winnowed by a fan, or by a machine, or by pouring it out of a vessel in a current of air.", "2. To fan; to beat as with wings.", "3. To examine; to sift for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth.", "Winnow well this thought.", "4. To separate, as the bad from the good.", "WINNOW, v.i. To separate chaff from corn.", "Winnow not with every wind."], "winnowed": ["WINNOWED, pp. Separated from the chaff by wind; sifted; examined."], "winnower": ["WINNOWER, n. One who winnows."], "winnowing": ["WINNOWING, ppr. Separating from the chaff by wind; examining."], "winter": ["WINTER, n.", "1. The cold season of the year. Astronomically considered, winter commences in northern latitudes when the sun enters Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21st of December, and ends at the equinox in March; but in ordinary discourse, the three winter months are December, January, and February. Our Saxon ancestors reckoned the years by winters; as ten winters; thirty winters. In tropical climates, there are two winters annually; but they cannot be said to be cold. In the temperate and frigid climates, there is one winter only in the year.", "2. The part of the printing press which sustains the carriage.", "WINTER, v.i. To pass the winter. He wintered in Italy. Cattle winter well on good fodder.", "WINTER, v.t. To feed or manage during the winter. To winter young cattle on straw, is not profitable. Delicate plants must be wintered under cover."], "wintered": ["WINTERED, pp. Kept through the winter."], "wintering": ["WINTERING, ppr. Passing the winter; keeping in winter."], "wipe": ["WIPE, v.t.", "1. To rub something soft for cleaning; to clean by rubbing; as, to wipe the hands or face with a towel. Luke 7.", "2. To strike off gently.", "Some natral tears they droppd, but wipd them soon.", "3. To cleanse from evil practices or abuses; to overturn and destroy what is foul and hateful.", "I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish. 2 Kings 21.", "4. To cheat; to defraud.", "To wipe away, to cleanse by rubbing or tersion; as, to wipe away a stain or reproach.", "To wipe off, to clear away. Wipe off this foul stain; wipe off the dust.", "To wipe out, to efface; to obliterate. Wipe out the blot.", "WIPE, n.", "1. The act of rubbing for the purpose of cleaning.", "2. A blow; a stroke.", "3. A gibe; a jeer; a severe sarcasm.", "4. A bird."], "wiped": ["WIPED, pp. Rubbed for cleaning; cleaned by rubbing; cleared away; effaced."], "wiping": ["WIPING, ppr. Rubbing with a cloth or other soft thing for cleaning; clearing away; effacing."], "wire": ["WIRE, n. A thread of metal; any metallic substance drawn to an even thread.", "WIRE, v.t. To bind with wire; to apply wire to, as in bottling liquors."], "wisdom": ["WISDOM, n. s as z. G. See Wise.", "1. The right use or exercise of knowledge; the choice of laudable ends, and of the best means to accomplish them. This is wisdom in act, effect, or practice. If wisdom is to be considered as a faculty of the mind, it is the faculty of discerning or judging what is most just, proper and useful, and if it is to be considered as an acquirement, it is the knowledge and use of what is best, most just, most proper, most conducive to prosperity or happiness. Wisdom in the first sense, or practical wisdom, is nearly synonymous with discretion. I differs somewhat from prudence, in this respect; prudence is the exercise of sound judgment in avoiding evils; wisdom is the exercise of sound judgment either in avoiding evils or attempting good. Prudence then is a species, of which wisdom is the genus.", "Wisdom gained by experience, is of inestimable value.", "It is hoped that our rulers will act with dignity and wisdom; that they will yield every thing to reason, and refuse every thing to force.", "2. In Scripture, human learning; erudition; knowledge of arts and sciences.", "Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians. Acts 7.", "3. Quickness of intellect; readiness of apprehension; dexterity in execution; as the wisdom of Bezaleel and Aholiab. Exodus 31.", "4. Natural instinct and sagacity. Job 39.", "5. In Scripture theology, wisdom is true religion; godliness; piety; the knowledge and fear of God, and sincere and uniform obedience to his commands. This is the wisdom which is from above. Psalm 90. Job 28.", "6. Profitable words or doctrine. Psalm 37.", "The wisdom of this world, mere human erudition; or the carnal policy of men, their craft and artifices in promoting their temporal interests; called also fleshly wisdom. 1 Corinthians 2. 2 Corinthians 1.", "The wisdom of words, artificial or affected eloquence; or learning displayed in teaching. 1 Corinthians 1 and 2."], "wise": ["WISE, a. s as z. G., to know., L.", "1. Properly, having knowledge; hence, having the power of discerning and judging correctly, or of discriminating between what is true and what is false; between what is fit and proper, and what is improper; as a wise prince; a wise magistrate. Solomon was deemed the wisest man. But a man may be speculatively and not practically wise. Hence,", "2. Discrete and judicious in the use or applications of knowledge; choosing laudable ends, and the best means to accomplish them. This is to be practically wise. Genesis 41.", "3. Skillful; dextrous.", "They are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. Jeremiah 4.", "4. Learned; knowing; as the wise and the unwise. Romans 1.", "5. Skilled in arts, science, philosophy, or in magic and divination. 2 Samuel 14.", "6. Godly; pious. Proverbs 13.", "--The holy Scriptures, which are able to make thee wise to salvation. 2 Timothy 3.", "7. Skilled in hidden arts; a sense somewhat ironical; as the wise woman of Brainford.", "8.Dictated or guided by wisdom; containing wisdom; judicious; well adapted to produce good effects; applicable to things; as a wise saying; a wise scheme or plan; wise conduct or management; a wise determination.", "9. Becoming a wise man; grave; discrete; as wise deportment.", "WISE, n. s as z. G. Manner; way of being or acting.", "This song she sings in most commanding wise.", "In fittest wise.", "In the foregoing form, this word is obsolete, the use of it is now very limited. It is common in the following phrases.", "1. In any wise.", "If he that sanctified the field will in any wise redeem it-- Leviticus 27.", "Fret not thyself in any wise. Psalm 37.", "2. On this wise.", "On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel. Numbers 6.", "3. In no wise. He shall in no wise lose his reward. Matthew 10.", "It is used in composition, as in likewise, otherwise, lengthwise, &c. By mistake, ways is often used for it; as lengthways, for lengthwise."], "wisely": ["WISELY, adv.", "1. Prudently; judiciously; discretely; with wisdom. Proverbs 16. 21.", "2. Craftily; with art or stratagem.", "Let us deal wisely with them. Exodus 1."], "wiseness": ["WISENESS, n. Wisdom."], "wish": ["WISH, v.i. G.", "1. To have a desire, or strong desire, either for what is or is not supposed to be obtainable. It usually expresses less than long; but sometimes it denotes to long or wise earnestly. We often wise for what is not obtainable.", "This is as good an argument as an antiquary could wish for.", "They have more than heart could wish. Psalm 73.", "I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper. 3 John 2.", "They cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day. Acts 27.", "2. To be disposed or inclined; as, to wish well to anothers affairs.", "3. It sometimes partakes of hope or fear. I wish the event may prove fortunate, or less calamitous than we apprehend.", "WISH, v.t.", "1. To desire. I wish your prosperity.", "Let them be driven backward and put to shame, that wish me evil. Psalm 40.", "2. To long for; to desire eagerly or ardently. It has this sense when expressed with emphasis.", "3. To recommend by wishing.", "I would not wish them to a fairer death.", "4. To imprecate; as, to wish curses on an enemy.", "5. To ask; to express desire.", "WISH, n.", "1. Desire; sometimes, eager desire. Job 33.", "2. Desire expressed.", "Blisterd be thy tongue for such a wish.", "3. Thing desired. He has his wish.", "The difference between wish and desire seems to be, that desire is directed to what is obtainable, and a wish may be directed to what is obtainable or not."], "wished": ["WISHED, pp. Desired; or ardently desired."], "wishful": ["WISHFUL, a.", "1. Having desire, or ardent desire.", "2. Showing desire; as wishful eyes.", "3. Desirable; exciting wishes. Bad."], "wishing": ["WISHING, ppr. Desiring."], "wist": ["WIST, pret. of wis."], "wistful": ["WISTFUL, a. from wist. The sense is stretching or reaching towards. Full of thoughts; earnest; attentive.", "Why--dost thou so wistful seem?"], "wit": ["WIT, v.i. G., to know. See Wise. To know. This verb is used only in the infinitive, to wit, namely, that is to say. L.", "WIT, n. See the verb and Wise.", "1. Primarily, the intellect; the understanding or mental powers.", "Will puts in practice what the wit deviseth.", "For wit and power their last endeavors bend t outshine each other.", "2. The association of ideas in a manner natural, but unusual and striking, so as to produce surprise joined with pleasure. Wit is defined.", "What oft was thought, but neer so well expressd.", "Wit consists in assembling and putting together with quickness, ideas in which can be found resemblance and congruity, by which to make up pleasant pictures and agreeable visions in the fancy.", "Wit consists chiefly in joining things by distant and fanciful relations, which surprise us because they are unexpected.", "Wit is a propriety of thoughts and words; or in other terms, thoughts and words elegantly adapted to the subject.", "3. The faculty of associating ideas in a new and unexpected manner.", "4. A man of genius; as, the age of Addison abounded with wits.", "A wit herself, Amelia weds a wit.", "5. A man of fancy or wit.", "Intemperate wits will spare neither friend nor foe.", "6. Sense; judgment.", "He wants not wit the danger to decline.", "7. Faculty of the mind.", "8. Wits, in the plural, soundness of mind; intellect not disordered; sound mind. No man in his wits would venture on such an expedition. Have you lost your wits? Is he out of his wits?", "9. Power of invention; contrivance; ingenuity. He was at his wits end."], "witness": ["WITNESS, n.", "1. Testimony; attestation of a fact or event.", "If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. John 5.", "2. That which furnishes evidence or proof.", "Laban said, this heap is a witness between me and thee this day. Genesis 31.", "3. A person who knows or sees any thing; one personally present; as, he was witness; he was an eye-witness. 1 Peter 5.", "4. One who sees the execution of an instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirming its authenticity b his testimony.", "5. One who gives testimony; as, the witnesses in court agreed in all essential facts.", "With a witness, effectually; to a great degree; with great force, so as to leave some mark as a testimony behind. He struck with a witness. Not elegant.", "WITNESS, v.t.", "1. To see or know by personal presence. I witnessed the ceremonies in New York, with which the ratification of the constitution was celebrated, in 1788.", "2. To attest; to give testimony to; to testify to something.", "Behold, how many things they witness against thee. Mark 15.", "3. To see the execution of an instrument, and subscribe it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity; as, to witness a bond or a deed.", "WITNESS, v.i.", "1. To bear testimony.", "The men of Belial witnessed against him, even against Naboth. 1 Kings 21.", "2. To give evidence.", "The shew of their countenance doth witness against them. Isaiah 3."], "witnessed": ["WITNESSED, pp. Seen in person; testified; subscribed by persons present; as a deed witnessed by two persons."], "witnessing": ["WITNESSING, ppr. Seeing in persons; bearing testimony; giving evidence."], "witted": ["WITTED, a. Having wit or understanding; as a quick witted boy."], "wittingly": ["WITTINGLY, adv. See Wit. Knowingly; with knowledge; by design.", "He knowingly and wittingly brought evil into the world."], "witch": ["WITCH, n.", "1. A woman who by compact with the devil, practices sorcery or enchantment.", "2. A woman who is given to unlawful arts.", "3. A winding sinuous bank.", "WITCH, v.t. To bewitch; to fascinate; to enchant.", "Ill witch sweet ladies with my words and looks."], "witchcraft": ["WITCHCRAFT, witch and craft.", "1. The practices of witches; sorcery; enchantments; intercourse with the devil.", "2. Power more than natural.", "He hath a witchcraft over the king ins tongue."], "with": ["WITH, prep. G.", "1. By, noting cause, instrument or means. We are distressed with pain; we are elevated with joy. With study men become learned and respectable. Fire is extinguished with water.", "2. On the side of, noting friendship or favor.", "Fear not, for I am with thee. Genesis 26.", "3. In opposition to; in competition or contest; as, to struggle with adversity. The champions fought with each other an hour. He will lie with any man living.", "4. Noting comparison. The fact you mention compares well with another I have witnessed.", "5. In company. The gentlemen traveled with me from Boston to Philadelphia.", "6. In the society of. There is no living with such neighbors.", "7. In connection, or in appendage. He gave me the Bible, and with it the warmest expressions of affection.", "8. In mutual dealing or intercourse.", "I will buy with you, sell with you--", "9. Noting confidence. I will trust you with the secret.", "10. In partnership. He shares the profits with the other partners. I will share with you the pleasures and the pains.", "11. Noting connection.", "Nor twist our fortunes with your sinking fate.", "12. Immediately after.", "With this he pointed to his face.", "13. Among. I left the assembly with the last.", "Tragedy was originally with the ancients a piece of religious worship.", "14. Upon.", "Such arguments had invincible force with those pagan philosophers.", "15. In consent, noting parity of state.", "See! Where on earth the flowry glories lie, with her they flourishd, and with her thy die.", "With and by are closely allied in many of their uses, and it is not easy to lay down a rule by which their uses may be distinguished. It is observed by Johnson that with seems rather to denote an instrument, and by a cause; as, he killed an enemy with a sword, but he died by an arrow. But this rule is not always observed.", "With, in composition, signifies for the most part opposition, privation; or separation, departure."], "withe": ["WITH, WITHE, n. L., probably a shoot.", "1. A willow twig.", "2. A band consisting of a twig, or twigs twisted."], "withal": ["WITHAL, adv. Withaul. with and all.", "1. With the rest; together with; likewise; at the same time.", "If you choose that, then I am yours withal.", "How modest in exception, and withal how terrible in constant resolution!", "2. It is sometimes used for with. But the word is not elegant, nor much used."], "withdraw": ["WITHDRAW, v.t. with and draw.", "1. To take back; to take from.", "It is impossible that God should withdraw his presence from any thing.", "We say, to withdraw capital from a bank or stock in trade, to withdraw aid or assistance.", "2. To recall; to cause to retire or leave; to call back or away. France has withdrawn her troops from Spain.", "WITHDRAW, v.i. To retire; to retreat; to quit a company or place. We withdrew from the company at ten oclock.", "She from her husband soft withdrew."], "withdrawing": ["WITHDRAWING, ppr. Taking back; recalling; retiring."], "withdrawment": ["WITHDRAWMENT, n. The act of withdrawing or taking back; a recalling.", "Their withdrawment from the British and Foreign Bible Society, would tend to paralyze their exertions."], "withdrawn": ["WITHDRAWN, pp. of withdraw. Recalled; taken back."], "wither": ["WITHER, v.i.", "1. To fade; to lose its native freshness; to become sapless; to dry.", "It shall wither in all the leaves of her spring. Ezekiel 17.", "2. To waste; to pine away; as animal bodies; as a withered hand. Matthew 12.", "3. To lose or want animal moisture.", "Now warm in love, now withring in the grave.", "WITHER, v.t.", "1. To cause to fade and become dry; as, the sun withereth the grass. James 1.", "2. To cause to shrink, wrinkle and decay, for want of animal moisture.", "Age cannot wither her."], "withered": ["WITHERED, pp. Faded; dried; shrunk."], "withering": ["WITHERING, ppr. Fading; becoming dry."], "withers": ["WITHERS, n. This seems to signify a joining, from the root of with. The juncture of the shoulder bones of a horse, at the bottom of the neck."], "withheld": ["WITHHELD, pret. and pp. of withhold."], "withhold": ["WITHHOLD, v.t. pret. and pp. withheld. with and hold.", "1. TO hold back; to restrain; to keep from action.", "Withhold--your hasty hand.", "If our passions may be withheld.", "2. To retain; to keep back; not to grant; as, to withhold assent to a proposition. The sun does not withhold his light."], "withholder": ["WITHHOLDER, n. One that withholds."], "withholding": ["WITHHOLDING, ppr. Holding back; restraining; retaining; not granting."], "withholden": ["WITHHOLDEN, pp. The old participle of withhold; now obsolete. We use withheld."], "within": ["WITHIN, prep.", "1. In the inner part; as the space within the walls of a house; a man contented and happy within himself.", "2. In the limits or compass of; not beyond; used of place and time. The object is within my sight; within the knowledge of the present generation; within a month or a year.", "3. Not reaching to any thing external.", "Were every action concluded within itself--", "4. In the compass of; not longer ago than.", "Within these five hours Hastings livd untainted.", "5. Not later than; as, within five days from this time, it will be fair weather.", "6. In the reach of.", "Both he and she are still within my powr.", "7. Not exceeding. Keep your expenses within your income.", "8. In the heart or confidence of. Inelegant.", "9. In the house; in any inclosure.", "WITHIN, adv.", "1. In the inner part; inwardly; internally.", "The wound festers within.", "2. In the mind.", "Ills from within thy reason must prevent."], "without": ["WITHOUT, prep.", "1. Not with; as without success.", "2. In a state of destitution or absence from.", "There is no living with thee nor without thee.", "3. In a state of destitution or absence from.", "There is no living with thee nor without thee.", "4. Beyond; not within.", "Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach.", "5. Supposing the negation or omission of.", "Without the separation of the two monarchies, the most advantageous terms from the French must end in our destruction.", "6. Independent of; not by the use of. Men like to live without labor.", "Wise men will do it without a law.", "7. On the outside of; as without the gate; without doors.", "8. With exemption from. That event cannot happen without great damage to our interests.", "9. Unless; except.", "Without, when it precedes a sentence or member of a sentence, has been called a conjunction. This is a mistake. You will not enjoy health, without you use much exercise. In this sentence, without is a preposition still, but followed by a member of a sentence, instead of a single noun. It has no property of a connective or conjunction, and does not fall within the definition. You will not enjoy health, this fact following being removed, or not taking place; you use exercise. This use of without, is nearly superseded by unless and except, among good writers and speakers; but is common in popular discourse or parlance.", "WITHOUT, adv.", "1. Not on the inside; not within.", "These were from without the growing miseries.", "2. Out of doors.", "3. Externally; not in the mind.", "Without were fightings, within were fears. 2 Corinthians 7."], "withstand": ["WITHSTAND, v.t. with and stand. See Stand. To oppose; to resist, either with physical or moral force; as, to withstand the attack of troops; to withstand eloquence or arguments.", "When Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to his face. Galatians 2."], "withstander": ["WITHSTANDER, n. One that opposes; an opponent; a resisting power."], "withstanding": ["WITHSTANDING, ppr. Opposing; making resistance."], "wittiness": ["WITTINESS, n. from witty. The quality of being witty."], "witty": ["WITTY, a. from wit.", "1. Possessed of wit; full of wit; as a witty poet.", "2. Judicious; ingenious; inventive.", "3. Sarcastic; full of taunts.", "Honeycomb was unmercifully witty upon the women."], "wive": ["WIVE, v.i. from wife. to marry. Not in use.", "WIVE, v.t.", "1. To match to a wife.", "2. To take for a wife. Not in use."], "wively": ["WIVELY, a. Pertaining to a wife. It should be wifely."], "wives": ["WIVES, plu. of wife."], "wizard": ["WIZARD, n. from wise. A conjurer; an enchanter; a sorcerer. Leviticus 20.", "The wily wizard must be caught.", "WIZARD, a.", "1. Enchanting; charming.", "2. Haunted by wizards."], "wolf": ["WOLF, n. WULF. G., Gr.", "1. An animal of the genus Canis, a beast of prey that kills sheep and other small domestic animals; called sometimes the wild dog. The wolf is crafty, greedy and ravenous.", "2. A small white worm or maggot, which infests granaries.", "3. An eating ulcer."], "woman": ["WOMAN, n. plu. women. a compound of womb and man.", "1. The female of the human race, grown to adult years.", "And the rib, which the Lord god had taken from the man, made he a woman. Genesis 2.", "Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and flexible.", "We see every day women perish with infamy, by having been too willing to set their beauty to show.", "I have observed among all nations that the women ornament themselves more tan the men; that wherever found, they are the same kind, civil, obliging, humane, tender beings, inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest.", "2. A female attendant or servant.", "WOMAN, v.t To make pliant."], "womaned": ["WOMANED, a. Accompanied or united with a woman. Not used."], "womankind": ["WOMANKIND, n. woman and kind. The female sex; the race of females of the human kind."], "womb": ["WOMB, n. Woom. G.", "1. The uterus or matrix of a female; that part where the young of an animal is conceived and nourished till its birth.", "2. The place where any thing is produced.", "The womb of earth the genial seed receives.", "3. Any large or deep cavity.", "Womb of the morning, in Scripture, the clouds, which distill dew; supposed to be emblematic of the church bringing forth multitudes to Christ. Psalm 110.", "WOMB, v.t. To inclose; to breed in secret. Not in use."], "women": ["WOMEN, n. plu. of woman. pron. wimen. But it is supposed the word we pronounce is from Sax. wifman, and therefore should be written wimen."], "won": ["WON, pret. and pp. of win; as victories won."], "wonder": ["WONDER, n. G., Gr., to show; and hence a sight; a panic.", "1. That emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation to the sight or mind, of something new, unusual, strange, great, extraordinary, or not well understood; something that arrests the attention by its novelty, grandeur or inexplicableness. Wonder expresses less than astonishment, and much less than amazement. It differs from admiration, in not being necessarily accompanied with love, esteem or approbation, nor directed to persons. But wonder sometimes is nearly allied to astonishment, and the exact extent of the meaning of such words can hardly be graduated.", "They were filled with wonder and amazement. Acts 3.", "Wonder is the effect of novelty upon ignorance.", "2. Cause of wonder; that which excites surprise; a strange thing; a prodigy.", "To try things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders.", "I am as a wonder to many. Psalm 71.", "3. Any thing mentioned with surprise.", "Babylon, the wonder of all tongues.", "Wonders of the world. The seven wonders of the world were the Egyptian pyramids, the Mausoleum erected by Artemisia, the temple of Diana at Ephesus, the walls and hanging gardens of Babylon, the colossus at Rhodes, the statue of Jupiter Olympius, and the Pharos or watch-tower of Alexandria.", "4. A miracle. Exodus 3.", "WONDER, v.i. To be affected by surprise or admiration.", "I could not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these diminutive mortals.", "We cease to wonder at what we understand."], "wonderer": ["WONDERER, n. One who wonders."], "wonderful": ["WONDERFUL, a. Adapted to excite wonder or admiration; exciting surprise; strange; astonishing. Job 42."], "wonderfulness": ["WONDERFULNESS, n. The state or quality of being wonderful."], "wondering": ["WONDERING, ppr. Indulging or feeling wonder. Genesis 24. Luke 24."], "wonderment": ["WONDERMENT, n. Surprise; astonishment; a wonderful appearance. Vulgar."], "wonderfully": ["WONDERFULLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder or surprise.", "I will praise thee, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Psalm 139."], "wondrous": ["WONDROUS, a. Admirable; marvelous; such as may excite surprise and astonishment; strange.", "That I may publish with the voice of thanksgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. Psalm 26.", "WONDROUS, adv. In a wonderful or surprising degree; as a place wondrous deep; you are wondrous fair; wondrous fond of peace. These phrases of Cowley, Dryden and Pope, are admissible only in the ludicrous and burlesque style."], "wondrously": ["WONDROUSLY, adv. In a strange or wonderful manner or degree.", "Chloe complains, and wondrouslys aggrievd."], "wont": ["WONT, a contraction of woll not, that is, will not.", "WONT, a. wont is strictly the participle passive of won, wone. G. See the Verb. Accustomed; habituated; using or doing customarily.", "If the ox were wont to push with his horn-- Exodus 21.", "They were wont to speak in old time, saying-- 2 Samuel 20. Matthew 27. Luke 22:39.", "WONT, n. Custom; habit; use.", "WONT, v.i. To be accustomed or habituated; to be used.", "A yearly solemn feast she wont to make.", "Wherewith he wont to soar s high."], "wonted": ["WONTED, pp.", "1. Accustomed; used.", "Again his wonted weapon provd.", "2. Accustomed; made familiar by use.", "She was wonted to the place, and would not remove."], "wood": ["WOOD, a. Mad; furious.", "WOOD, n.", "1. A large and thick collection of trees; a forest.", "Light thickens, and the crow makes wing to the rooky wood.", "2. The substance of trees; the hard substance which composes the body of a tree and its branches, and which is covered by the bark.", "3. Trees cut or sawed for the fire. Wood is yet the principal fuel in the United States.", "4. An idol. Habakkuk 2.", "WOOD, v.i. To supply or get supplies of wood."], "wooded": ["WOODED, a. Supplied or covered with wood; as land wooded and watered."], "wooding": ["WOODING, ppr. Getting or supplying with wood."], "woodness": ["WOODNESS, n. Anger; madness; rage."], "woof": ["WOOF, n. Gr.", "1. The threads that cross the warp in weaving; the weft.", "2. Texture; cloth; as a pall of softest woof."], "wool": ["WOOL, n. G., Gr., soft; down; L., to pull off.", "1. That species of hair which grows on sheep and some other animals, which in fineness sometimes approaches to fur. The word generally signifies the fleecy coat of the sheep, which constitutes a most essential material of clothing in all cold and temperate climates.", "2. Short thick hair.", "3. In botany, a sort of pubescence, or a clothing o dense curling hairs on the surface of certain plants."], "word": ["WORD, n. G., L., to speak. A word is that which is uttered or thrown out.", "1. An articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language. Thus a in English is a word; but few words consist of one letter only. Most words consist of two or more letters, as go, do, shall, called monosyllables, or of two or more syllables, as honor, goodness, amiable.", "2. The letter or letters, written or printed, which represent a sound or combination of sounds.", "3. A short discourse.", "Shall I vouchsafe your worship a word or two?", "4. Talk; discourse.", "Why should calamity be full of words?", "Be thy words severe.", "5. Dispute; verbal contention; as, some words grew between us.", "6. Language; living speech; oral expression. The message was delivered by word of mouth.", "7. Promise. He gave me his word he would pay me.", "Obey they parents; keep thy word justly.", "8. Signal; order; command.", "Give the word through.", "9. Account; tidings; message. Bring me word what is the issue of the contest.", "10. Declaration; purpose expressed.", "I know you brave, and take you at your word.", "11. Declaration; affirmation.", "I desire not the reader should take my word.", "12. The Scripture; divine revelation, or any part of it. This is called the word of God.", "13. Christ. John 1.", "14. A motto; a short sentence; a proverb.", "A good word, commendation; favorable account.", "And gave the harmless fellow a good word.", "In word, in declaration only.", "Let us not love in word only, neither in tongue; but in deed and in truth. 1 John 3.", "WORD, v.i. To dispute. Little used.", "WORD, v.t. To express in words. Take care to word ideas with propriety.", "The apology of the king is the same, but worded with greater deference to that great prince."], "worded": ["WORDED, pp. Expressed in words."], "wording": ["WORDING, n.", "1. The act of expressing in words.", "2. The manner of expressing in words. The wording of the ideas is very judicious."], "work": ["WORK, v.i. G., Gr.", "1. In a general sense, to move, or to move one way and the other; to perform; as in popular language it is said, a mill or machine works well.", "2. To labor; to be occupied in performing manual labor, whether severe or moderate. One man works better than another; one man works hare; another works lazily.", "3. To be in action or motion; as the working of the heart.", "4. To act; to carry on operations.", "Our better part remains to work in close design.", "5. To operate; to carry on business; to be customarily engaged or employed in. Some work in the mines, others in the loom, others at the anvil.", "They that work in fine flax. Isaiah 19.", "6. To ferment; as, unfermented liquors work violently in hot weather.", "7. To operate; to produce effects by action or influence.", "All things work together for good to them that love God. Roman 8.", "This so wrought upon the child, that afterwards he desired to be taught.", "8. To obtain by diligence. Little used.", "9. To act or operate on the stomach and bowels; as a cathartic.", "10. To labor; to strain; to move heavily; as, a ship works in a tempest.", "11. To be tossed or agitated.", "Confusd with working sands and rolling waves.", "12. To enter by working; as, to work into the earth.", "To work on, to act on; to influence.", "To work up, to make way.", "Body shall up to spirit work.", "To work tot windward, among seamen, to sail or ply against the wind; to beat.", "WORK, v.t.", "1. To move; to stir and mix; as, to work mortar.", "2. To form by labor; to mold, shape or manufacture; as, to work wood or iron into a form desired, or into an utensil; to work cotton or wool into cloth.", "3. To bring into any state by action. A foul stream, or new wine or cider, works itself clear.", "4. To influence by acting upon; to manage; to lead.", "An work your royal father to his ruin.", "5. To make by action, labor or violence. A stream works a passage or a new channel.", "Sidelong he works his way.", "6. To produce by action, labor or exertion.", "We might work any effect--only by the unity of nature.", "Each herb he knew, that works or good or ill.", "7. To embroider; as, to work muslin.", "8. To direct the movements of, by adapting the sails to the wind; as, to work a ship.", "9. To put to labor; to exert.", "Work every nerve.", "10. To cause to ferment, as liquor.", "To work out,", "1. To effect by labor and exertion.", "Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. Philippians 2.", "2. To expend in any work, as materials. They have worked up all the stock.", "To work double tides, in the language of seamen, to perform the labor of three days in two; a phrase taken from the practice f working by the night tide as well as by the day.", "To work into, to make way, or to insinuate; as, to work ones self into favor or confidence.", "To work a passage, among seamen, to pay for a passage by doing duty on board of the ship.", "WORK, n. G., Gr.", "1. Labor; employment; exertion of strength; particularly in man, manual labor.", "2. State of labor; as, to be at work.", "3. Awkward performance. What work you make!", "4. That which is made or done; as good work, or bad work.", "5. Embroidery; flowers or figures wrought with the needle.", "6. Any fabric or manufacture", "7. The matter on which one is at work. In rising she dropped her work.", "8. Action; deed; feat; achievement; as the works of bloody Mars.", "9. Operation.", "As to the composition or dissolution of mixed bodies, which is the chief work of elements--", "10. Effect; that which proceeds from agency.", "Fancy wild work produces oft, and most in dreams.", "11. Management; treatment.", "12. That which is produced by mental labor; a composition; a book; as the works of Addison.", "13. Works, in the plural, walls, trenches and the like, made for fortifications.", "14. In theology, moral duties or external performances, as distinct from grace.", "To set to work, To set on work, to employ; to engage in any business."], "worked": ["WORKED, pp. Moved; labored; performed; managed; fermented."], "working": ["WORKING, ppr. Moving; operating; laboring; fermenting.", "WORKING, n.", "1. Motion; the act of laboring.", "2. Fermentation.", "3. Movement; operation; as the workings of fancy."], "worker": ["WORKER, n. One that works; one that performs."], "workman": ["WORKMAN n. work and man.", "1. Any man employed in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures.", "2. By way of eminence, a skillful artificer or laborer."], "workmanship": ["WORKMANSHIP, n.", "1. Manufacture; something made, particularly by manual labor. Exodus 31.", "2. That which is effected, made or produced. Ephesians 2.", "3. The skill of a workman; or the execution or manner of making any thing. The workmanship of this cloth is admirable.", "4. The art of working."], "world": ["WORLD, n. This seems to be a compound word, and probably is named from roundness, the vault; but this is not certain.", "1. The universe; the whole system of created globes or vast bodies of matter.", "2. The earth; the terraqueous globe; sometimes called the lower world.", "3. The heavens; as when we speak of the heavenly world, or upper world.", "4. System of beings; or the orbs which occupy space, and all the beings which inhabit them. Hebrews 11.", "God--hath in these last days spoken to us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things; by whom also he made the worlds. Hebrews 1.", "There may be other worlds, where the inhabitants have never violated their allegiance to their Almighty sovereign.", "5. Present state of existence; as while we are in the world.", "Behold, these are the ungodly who prosper in the world. Psalm 73.", "6. A secular life. By the world we sometimes understand the things of this world, its pleasures and interests. A great part of mankind are more anxious to enjoy the world to than secure divine favor.", "7. Public life, or society; as banished from the world.", "8. Business or trouble of life.", "From this world-wearied flesh.", "9. A great multitude or quantity; as a world of business; a world of charms.", "10. Mankind; people in general; in an indefinite sense. Let the world see your fortitude.", "Whose disposition, all the world well knows--", "11. Course of life. He begins the world with little property, but with many friends.", "12. Universal empire.", "This through the east just vengeance hurld, and lost poor Antony the world.", "13. The customs and manners of men; the practice of life. A knowledge of the world is necessary for a man of business; it is essential to politeness.", "14. All the world contains.", "Had I a thousand worlds, I would give them all for one year more to devote to God.", "15. The principal nations or countries of the earth. Alexander conquered the world.", "16. The Roman empire.", "17. A large tract of country; a wide compass of things.", "I must descry new worlds.", "18. The inhabitants of the earth; the whole human race. John 3.", "19. The carnal state or corruption of the earth; as the present evil world; the course of this world. Galatians 1. Ephesians 2.", "20. The ungodly part of the world.", "I pray not for the world, but for them that thou hast given men. John 17.", "21. Time; as in the phrase, world without end.", "22. A collection of wonders. Not in use.", "In the world, in possibility. All the precaution in the world would not save him.", "For all the world,", "1. Exactly. Little used.", "2. For any consideration."], "worldliness": ["WORLDLINESS, n. from world. A predominant passion for obtaining the good things of this life; covetousness; addictedness to gain and temporal enjoyments."], "worldly": ["WORLDLY, a.", "1. Secular; temporal; pertaining to this world or life, in contradistinction to the life to come; as worldly pleasures; worldly affairs; worldly estate; worldly honor; worldly lusts. Titus 2.", "2. Devoted to this life and its enjoyments; bent on gain; as a worldly man; a worldly mind.", "3. Human; common; belonging to the world; as worldly actions; worldly maxims.", "WORLDLY, adv. With relation to this life.", "Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise by simply meek."], "worm": ["WORM, n. G. This word is probably named form a winding motion, and the root of swarm.", "1. In common usage, any small creeping animal, or reptile, either entirely without feet, or with very short ones, including a great variety of animals of different classes and orders, viz. Certain small serpents, as the blind-worm or slow-worm; the larvas of insects, viz. Grubs, caterpillars and maggots, as the wood-worm, canker-worm, silk-worm, (the larva of a moth (Phaloena,) which spins the filaments of which silk is made,) the grub that injures corn, grass, &c., the worms that breed in putrid flesh, the bots in the stomach of horses, and many others; certain wingless insects, as the glow-worm; the intestinal worms, or such as breed in the cavities and organs of living animals, as the tape-worm, the round-worm, the fluke, &c.; and numerous animals found in the earth, and in water, particularly in the sea, as the earth-worm or lumbricus, the hair-worm or gordius, the teredo, or worm that bores in to the bottom of ships, &c. Worms, in the plural, in common usage, is used for intestinal worms, or those which breed in the stomach and bowels, particularly the round and thread worms, (lumbrici and ascarides,) which are often found there in great numbers; as we say, a child has worms.", "2. In zoology, the term Vermes or worms has been applied to different divisions of invertebral animals, by different naturalists. Linnes class of vermes, includes the following orders, viz. Intestina, including the proper intestinal worms the earth-worm, the hair-worm, the teredo, and some other marine worms; Mollusca, including the slug, and numerous soft animals inhabiting the water, particularly the sea; Testacea, including all the proper shell-fish; Zoophyta or compound animals, including corals, polypes, and spunges; and Infusoria, or simple microscopic animlacules. His character of the class is, --spiracles obscure, jaws various, organs of sense usually tentacula, no brain, ears nor nostrils, limbs wanting, frequently hermaphrodite. This class includes all the invertebral animals, except the insects and crustacea. The term Vermes has been since greatly limited, particularly by the French naturalists. Lamarch confined it to the intestinal worms, and some others, whose organization is equally imperfect. The character of his class is, suboviparous, body soft, highly reproductive, undergo no metamorphosis; no eyes, nor articulated limbs, nor radiated disposition of internal organs.", "3. Remorse; that which incessantly gnaws the conscience; that which torments.", "Where their worm dieth not. Mark 9.", "4. A being debased and despised.", "I am a worm, and no man. Psalm 22.", "5. A spiral instrument or iron screw, used for drawing wads and cartridges from cannon or small arms.", "6. Something spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm; as the threads of a screw.", "7. In chemistry and distilleries, a spiral leaden pipe placed in a tub of water, through which the vapor passes in distillation, and in which it is cooled and condensed. It is called also a serpentine.", "8. A small worm-like ligament situated beneath a dogs tongue.", "WORM, v.i. To work slowly, gradually and secretly.", "When debates and fretting jealousy did worm and work within you more and more, your color faded.", "WORM, v.t.", "1. To expel or undermine by slow and secret means.", "They find themselves wormed out of all power.", "2. To cut something, called a worm, from under the tongue of a dog.", "3. To draw the wad or cartridge from a gun; to clean by the worm.", "4. To wind a rope spirally round a cable, between the strands; or to wind a smaller rope with spun yarn.", "To worm ones self into, to enter gradually by arts and insinuations; as to worm ones self into favor."], "wormed": ["WORMED, pp. Cleared by a worm or screw."], "worming": ["WORMING, ppr. Entering by insinuation; drawing, as a cartridge; clearing, as a gun."], "wormwood": ["WORMWOOD, n. G. A plant, the artemisia. It has a bitter nauseous taste; but it is stomachic and corroborant.", "Tree-wormwood, a species of Artemisia, with woody stalks."], "worse": ["WORSE, a. This adjective has the signification of the comparative degree, and as bad has no comparative and superlative, worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although radically they have no relation to bad.", "1. More evil; more bad or ill; more depraved and corrupt; in a moral sense.", "Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse. 2 Timothy 3.", "There are men who seem to believe they are not bad, while another can be found worse.", "2. In a physical sense, in regard to health, more sick.", "She was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark 5.", "3. More bad; less perfect or good. This carriage is worse for wear.", "The worse,", "1. The loss; the disadvantage.", "Judah was put to the worse before Israel. 2 Kings 14.", "2. Something less good. Think not the worse of him for his enterprise.", "WORSE, adv. In a manner more evil or bad.", "We will deal worse with thee than with them. Genesis 19.", "WORSE, to put to disadvantage, is not in use. See Worst."], "worship": ["WORSHIP, n. See Worth.", "1. Excellence of character; dignity; worth; worthiness.", "--Elfin born of noble state, and muckle worship in his native land.", "In this sense, the word is nearly or quite obsolete; but hence,", "2. A title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates and other of respectable character.", "My father desires your worships company.", "3. A term of ironical respect.", "4. Chiefly and eminently, the act of paying divine honors to the Supreme Being; or the reverence and homage paid to him in religious exercises, consisting in adoration, confession, prayer, thanksgiving and the like.", "The worship of God is an eminent part of religion.", "Prayer is a chief part of religious worship.", "5. The homage paid to idols or false gods by pagans; as the worship or Isis.", "6. Honor; respect; civil deference.", "Then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee. Luke 14.", "7. Idolatry of lovers; obsequious or submissive respect.", "WORSHIP, v.t.", "1. To adore; to pay divine honors to; to reverence with supreme respect and veneration.", "Thou shalt worship no other God. Exodus 34.", "2. To respect; to honor; to treat with civil reverence.", "Nor worshipd with a waxen epitaph.", "3. To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission; as a lover.", "With bended knees I daily worship her.", "WORSHIP, v.i.", "1. To perform acts of adoration.", "2. To perform religious service.", "Our fathers worshiped in this mountain. John 4."], "worshiped": ["WORSHIPED, pp. Adored; treated with divine honors; treated with civil respect."], "worshiper": ["WORSHIPER, n. One who worships; one who pays divine honors to any being; one who adores."], "worshipful": ["WORSHIPFUL, a.", "1. Claiming respect; worthy of honor from its character or dignity.", "This is worshipful society.", "2. A term of respect, sometimes ironically."], "worshiping": ["WORSHIPING, ppr. Adoring; paying divine honors to; treating with supreme reverence; treating with extreme submission."], "worst": ["WORST, a. superl. of worse, which see.", "1. Most bad; most evil; in a moral sense; as the worst man; the worst sinner.", "2. Most severe or dangerous; most difficult to heal; as the worst disease.", "3. Most afflictive, pernicious or calamitous; as the worst evil that can befall a state or an individual.", "WORST, n.", "1. The most evil state; in a moral sense.", "2. The most severe or aggravated state; the highth; as, the disease is at the worst.", "3. The most calamitous state. Be armed against the worst.", "WORST, v.t. To get the advantage over in contest; to defeat; to overthrow. It is madness to contend, when we are sure to be worsted."], "worsted": ["WORSTED, pp. Defeated; overthrown.", "WORSTED, n. WUSTED. The origin of this word is uncertain. It is usually supposed to take its name from a town in England or in Flanders; but in Norman, worstetz is mentioned; as lit de morstetz, a bed of worsted. Yarn spun from combed wool; a particular kind of woolen yarn.", "WORSTED, a. Consisting of worsted; made of worsted yarn; as worsted stockings."], "worth": ["WORTH, a. Termination, signifies a farm or court; as in Wordsworth.", "WORTH, v.i. This verb is now used only in the phrases, wo worth the day, wo worth the man, &c., in which the verb is in the imperative mode, and the noun in the dative; wo be to the day.", "WORTH, n. G., L. The primary sense is strength.", "1. Value; that quality of a thing which renders it useful, or which will produce an equivalent good in some other thing. The worth of a days labor may be estimated in money, or in wheat. The worth of labor is settled between the hirer and the hired. The worth of commodities is usually the price they will bring in market; but price is not always worth.", "2. Value of mental qualities; excellence; virtue; usefulness; as a man or magistrate of great worth.", "As none but she, who in that court did dwell, could know such worth, or worth describe so well.", "All worth-consists in doing good, and in the disposition by which it is done.", "3. Importance; valuable qualities; applied to things; as, these things have since lost their worth.", "WORTH, a.", "1. Equal in value to. Silver is scarce worth the labor of digging and refining. In one country, a days labor is worth a dollar; in another, the same labor is not worth fifty cents. It is worth while to consider a subject well before we come to a decision.", "If your arguments produce no conviction, they are worth nothing to me.", "2. Deserving of; in a good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. The castle is worth defending.", "To reign is worth ambition, though in hell.", "This is life indeed, life worth preserving.", "3. Equal in possessions to; having estate to the value of. Most men are estimated by their neighbors to be worth more than they are. A man worth a hundred thousand dollars in the United States, is called rich; but no so in London or Paris.", "Worthiest of blood, an expression in law, denoting the preference of sons to daughters in the descent of estates."], "worthily": ["WORTHILY, adv.", "1. In a manner suited to; as, to walk worthily of our extraction. Bad.", "2. Deservedly; according to merit.", "You worthily succeed not only to the honors of your ancestors, but also to their virtues.", "3. Justly; not without cause.", "I affirm that some may very worthily deserve to be hated."], "worthiness": ["WORTHINESS, n.", "1. Desert; merit.", "The prayers which our Savior made, were for his own worthiness accepted.", "2. Excellence; dignity; virtue.", "Who is sure he hath a soul, unless it see and judge and follow worthiness?", "3. Worth; quality or state of deserving."], "worthy": ["WORTHY, a. G.", "1. Deserving; such as merits; having worth or excellence; equivalent; with of, before the thing deserved. She has married a man worthy of her.", "Thou art worthy of the sway.", "I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies--Genesis 32.", "2. Possessing worth or excellence of qualities; virtuous; estimable; as a worthy citizen; a worthy magistrate.", "Happier thou mayst be, worthier canst not be.", "This worthy mind should worthy things embrace.", "3. Suitable; having qualities suited to; either in a good or bad sense; equal in value; as flowers worthy of paradise.", "4. Suitable to any thing bad.", "The merciless Macdonald, worthy to be a rebel.", "5. Deserving of ill; as things worthy of stripes. Luke 12.", "WORTHY, n. A man of eminent worth; a man distinguished for useful and estimable qualities; a man of valor; a word much used in the plural; as the worthies of the church; political worthies; military worthies.", "WORTHY, v.t. To render worthy; to exalt. Not in use."], "wot": ["WOT, v.i. To know; to be aware."], "would": ["WOULD, WUD, pret. of will, G., L.", "Would is used as an auxiliary verb in conditional forms of speech. I would go, if I could. This form of expression denotes will or resolution, under a condition or supposition. You would go, He would go, denote simply an event, under a condition or supposition. The condition implied in would is not always expressed. By pleasure and pain, I would be understood to mean what delights or molests us--; that is, if it should be asked what I mean by pleasure and pain, I would thus explain what I wish to have understood. In this form of expression, which is very common, there seems to be an implied allusion to an inquiry, or to the supposition of something not expressed.", "Would has the sense of wish or pray, particularly in the phrases, would to God, would God we had died in Egypt, I would that ye knew what conflict I have; that is, I could wish such a thing, if the wish could avail. Here also there is an implied condition.", "Would is used also for wish to do, or to have. What wouldst thou? What would he?"], "woulding": ["WOULDING, n. Motion of desire. Not in use."], "wound": ["WOUND, n. G.", "1. A breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or of the bark and wood of a tree, or of the bark and substance of other plants, caused by violence or external force. The self-healing power of living beings, animal or vegetable, by which the parts separated in wounds, tend to unite and become sound, is a remarkable proof of divine benevolence and wisdom.", "2. Injury; hurt; as a wound given to credit or reputation.", "WOUND, v.t. To hurt by violence; as, to wound the head or the arm; to wound a tree.", "He was wounded for our transgressions. Isaiah 53.", "WOUND, pret. and pp. of wind."], "wounded": ["WOUNDED, pp. Hurt; injured."], "wounding": ["WOUNDING, ppr. Hurting; injuring."], "wove": ["WOVE, pret. of weave, sometimes the participle."], "wrap": ["WRAP, v.t. pret. and pp. wrapped or wrapt.", "1. To wind or fold together. John 20.", "2. To involve; to cover by winding something round; often with up; as, to wrap up a child in its blanket; wrap the body well with flannel in winter.", "I, wrapt in mist of midnight vapor, glide obscure.", "3. To involve; to hide; as truth wrapt in tales.", "4. To comprise; to contain.", "Leontines young wife, in whom all his happiness was wrapped up, died in a few days after the death of her daughter.", "5. To involve totally.", "Things reflected on in gross and transiently, are thought to be wrapped in impenetrable obscurity.", "6. To inclose.", "7. To snatch up; to transport. This is an error. It ought to be rapt. See Rap and Rapt."], "wrapped": ["WRAPPED, WRAPT, pp. Wound; folded; inclosed."], "wrapping": ["WRAPPING, ppr.", "1. Winding; folding; involving; inclosing.", "2. a. Used or designed for wrapping or covering; as wrapping paper."], "wrath": ["WRATH, n. L.", "1. Violent anger; vehement exasperation; indignation; as the wrath of Achilles.", "When the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased--Esther 2.", "O Lord--in wrath remember mercy. Habakkuk 3.", "2. The effects of anger. Proverbs 27.", "3. The just punishment of an offense or crime. Romans 8.", "Gods wrath, in Scripture, is his holy and just indignation against sin. Romans 1."], "wrathful": ["WRATHFUL, a.", "1. Very angry; greatly incensed. The king was very wrathful.", "2. Springing from wrath, or expressing it; as wrathful passions; a wrathful countenance."], "wrathfulness": ["WRATHFULNESS, n. Vehement anger."], "wreath": ["WREATH, n. See Writhe.", "1. To twist; to convolve; to wind one about another; as, to wreath a garland of flowers.", "2. To interweave; to entwine; as chains of wreathed work.", "3. To encircle, as a garland.", "The flowrs that wreath the sparkling bowl.", "4. To encircle as with a garland; to dress in a garland.", "And with thy winding ivy wreaths her lance.", "WREATH, v.i. To be interwoven or entwined; as a bower of wreathing trees."], "wreathed": ["WREATHED, pp. Twisted; entwined; interwoven."], "wreathing": ["WREATHING, ppr. Twisting; entwining; encircling."], "wrest": ["WREST, v.t. G., to wrest, to snatch or pull, to burst, to tear.", "1. To twist or extort by violence; to pull or force from by violent wringing or twisting; as, to wrest an instrument from anothers hands.", "2. To take or force from by violence. The enemy made a great effort, and wrested the victory from our hands.", "But fate has wrested the confession from me.", "3. To distort; to turn from truth or twist from its natural meaning by violence; to pervert.", "Wrest once the law to your authority.", "Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of the poor. Exodus 23.", "Which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other Scriptures, to their own destruction. 2 Peter 3.", "WREST, n.", "1. Distortion; violent pulling and twisting; perversion.", "2. Active or moving power. Not used.", "3. An instrument to tune."], "wrested": ["WRESTED, pp. Pulled with twisting; distorted; perverted."], "wresting": ["WRESTING, ppr. Pulling with a twist; distorting; perverting."], "wrestle": ["WRESTLE, v.i. resl.", "1. To strive with arms extended, as two men, who seize each other by the collar and arms, each endeavoring to throw the other by tripping up his heels and twitching him off his center.", "Another, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternum.", "2. To struggle; to strive; to contend.", "We wrestle not against flesh and blood. Ephesians 6."], "wrestling": ["WRESTLING, pp. Striving to throw; contending.", "WRESTLING, n. Strife; struggle; contention."], "wretch": ["WRETCH, n.", "1. A miserable person; one sunk in the deepest distress; as a forlorn wretch.", "2. A worthless mortal; as a contemptible wretch.", "3. A person sunk in vice; as a profligate wretch.", "4. It is sometimes used by way of slight or ironical pity or contempt.", "Poor wretch was never frighted so.", "5. It is sometimes used to express tenderness; as we say, poor thing."], "wretched": ["WRETCHED, a.", "1. Very miserable; sunk into deep affliction or distress, either from want, anxiety or grief.", "The wretched find no friends.", "2. Calamitous; very afflicting; as the wretched condition of slaves in Algiers.", "3. Worthless; paltry; very poor or mean; as a wretched poem; a wretched cabin.", "4. Despicable; hatefully vile and contemptible. He was guilty of wretched ingratitude."], "wretchedness": ["WRETCHEDNESS, n.", "1. Extreme misery or unhappiness, either from want or sorrow; as the wretchedness of poor mendicants.", "We have, with the feeling, most the very memory of such wretchedness as our forefathers endured--", "The prodigal brought nothing to his father but his rags and wretchedness.", "2. Meanness; despicableness; as the wretchedness of a performance."], "wring": ["WRING, v.t. pret. and pp. wringed and wrung. The latter is chiefly used.", "1. To twist; to turn and strain with violence; as, to wring clothes in washing.", "2. To squeeze; to press; to force by twisting; as, to wring water out of a wet garment.", "3. To writhe; as, to wring the body in pain.", "4. TO pinch.", "The king began to find where his shoe did wring him.", "If he had not been too much grieved and wrung by an uneasy and strait fortune--", "5. To distress; to press with pain.", "Didst thou taste but half the griefs, that wring my soul, thou couldst not talk thus coldly.", "6. To distort; to pervert.", "How dare these men thus wring the Scriptures?", "7. To persecute with extortion.", "These merchant adventurers have been often wronged and wringed to the quick.", "8. To bend or strain out of its positions, as, to wring a mast.", "To wring off, to force off or separate by wringing; as, to wring off the head of a fowl.", "To wring out,", "1. To force out; to squeeze out by twisting; as, to wring out dew or water. Judges 6.", "2. To free from a liquor by wringing; as, to wring out clothes.", "To wring from, to force from by violence; to extort; as revenues wrung from the poor; to wring from one his rights; to wring a secret from one.", "WRING, v.i. To writhe; to twist; as with anguish.", "WRING, n. Action of anguish."], "wringed": ["WRINGED, pp. Twisted; pressed; distressed; extorted."], "wringing": ["WRINGING, ppr. Twisting; writhing; extorting."], "wrinkle": ["WRINKLE, n. G.", "1. A small ridge or prominence, or a furrow, formed by the shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance; corrugation; a crease; as wrinkles in the face or skin.", "2. A fold or rumple in cloth.", "3. Roughness; unevenness.", "Not the least wrinkle to deform the sky.", "WRINKLE, v.t.", "1. To contract into furrows and prominences; to corrugate; as, to wrinkle the skin; to wrinkle the brow.", "Her wrinkled form in black and white arrayd.", "2. To make rough or uneven.", "A keen north wind, blowing dry, wrinkled the face of deluge, as decayd.", "WRINKLE, v.i. To shrink into furrows and ridges."], "wrinkled": ["WRINKLED, pp. Contracted into ridges and furrows."], "wrinkling": ["WRINKLING, ppr. Shrinking; contracting into furrows and ridges."], "write": ["WRITE, v.t. pret. wrote.; pp. writ, written. L.", "1. To form by a pen on paper or other material, or by a graver on wood or stone; as, to write the characters called letters; to write figures. We write characters on paper with pen and ink; we write them on stone with a graving tool.", "2. To express by forming letters and words on paper or stone; as, to write a deed; to write a bill of divorcement. The ten commandments were written with the finger of God on tables of stone. Exodus 31.", "3. To engrave. See the preceding definition.", "4. To impress durable. Write useful truths on the heart.", "5. To compose or produce, as an author.", "6. To copy; to transcribe.", "7. To communicate by letter.", "I chose to write the thing I durst not speak to her I lovd.", "WRITE, v.i.", "1. To perform the act of forming characters, letters or figures, as representatives of sounds or ideas. Learn to write when young.", "2. To be employed as a clerk or an amanuensis. A writes for B. D writes in one of the public offices.", "3. To play the author; as, he thinks, he speaks, he writes, he sings.", "4. To recite or relate in books. Josephus wrote of the wars of the Jews.", "5. To send letters.", "He wrote for all the Jews concerning their freedom.", "6. To call ones self; to be entitled; to use the style of.", "Those who began to write themselves men, but thought it no shame to learn.", "7. To compose; to frame or combine ideas and express them in words.", "They can write up to the dignity and character of their authors."], "writing": ["WRITING, ppr.", "1. Forming, as characters, with a pen, style or graver.", "2. a. Used or intended for writing; as writing paper.", "WRITING, n.", "1. The act or art of forming letters and characters, on paper, wood, stone or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which characters and the words express, or of communicating them to others by visible signs. We hardly know which to admire most, the ingenuity or the utility of the art of writing.", "2. Any thing written or expressed in letters; hence, any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, a bond, an agreement, &c.", "3. A book; any written composition; a pamphlet; as the writings of Addison.", "4. An inscription. John 19.", "5. Writings, plu. conveyances of lands; deeds; or any official papers."], "writer": ["WRITER, n.", "1. One who writes or has written.", "2. An author.", "3. A clerk or amanuensis.", "Writer of the tallies, an officer of the exchequer of England; a clerk to the auditor of the receipt, who writes upon the tallies the whole of the tellers bills."], "written": ["WRITTEN, pp. Expressed in letters.", "Written laws, statutes; laws enacted by the supreme power and recorded; as contradistinguished from unwritten or common law."], "wrong": ["WRONG, a. Literally wrung, twisted or turned from a straight line or even surface. Hence,", "1. Not physically right; not fit or suitable; as the wrong side of a garment. You hold the book the wrong end uppermost. There may be something wrong in the construction of a watch or an edifice.", "2. Not morally right; that deviates from the line of rectitude prescribed by God; not just or equitable; not right or proper; not legal; erroneous; as a wrong practice; wrong ideas; a wrong course of life; wrong measures; wrong inclinations and desires; a wrong application of talents; wrong judgment. Habakkuk 1.", "3. Erroneous; not according to truth; as a wrong statement.", "WRONG, n. Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; any injury done to another; a trespass; a violation of right. Wrongs are private or public. Private wrongs are civil injuries, immediately affecting individuals; public wrongs are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community.", "Sarai said to Abraham, my wrong be on thee. Genesis 16.", "Friend, I do thee no wrong. Matthew 20.", "The obligation to redress a wrong, is at least as binding as that of paying a debt.", "WRONG, adv. Not rightly; amiss; morally ill; erroneously.", "Ten censure wrong for one that writes amiss.", "WRONG, v.t.", "1. To injure; to treat with injustice; to deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice from. We wrong a man, when we defraud him, and when we trespass on his property. We wrong a man, when we neglect to pay him his due. Philemon 18.", "2. To do injustice to by imputation; to impute evil unjustly. If you suppose me capable of a base act, you wrong me."], "wronged": ["WRONGED, pp. Treated unjustly; injured."], "wrongful": ["WRONGFUL, a. Injurious unjust; as a wrongful taking of property; wrongful dealing."], "wrongness": ["WRONGNESS, n. Wrong disposition; error."], "wrongfully": ["WRONGFULLY, adv. Unjustly; in a manner contrary to the moral law or to justice; as, to accuse one wrongfully; to suffer wrongfully."], "wrote": ["WROTE, pret. of write. He wrote a letter yesterday. Herodotus wrote his history more than two thousand years ago. Note. Wrote is now used as the participle."], "wroth": ["WROTH, a. Rauth. See Wrath. Very angry; much exasperated.", "Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Genesis 4.", "I was wroth with my people. Isaiah 47.", "An excellent word and not obsolete."], "wrought": ["WROUGHT, pret. and pp. of work. raut.", "1. Worked; formed by work or labor; as wrought iron.", "2. Effected; performed.", "She hath wrought a good work upon me. Matthew 26.", "3. Effected; produced. He wrought the public safety. A great change was wrought in his mind.", "This wrought the greatest confusion int he unbelieving Jews.", "4. Used in labor.", "The elders of that city shall take a heifer that hath not been wrought with. Deuteronomy 21.", "5. Worked; driven; as infection wrought out of the body. Not used.", "6. Actuated.", "Vain Morat, by his own rashness wrought--", "7. Worked; used; labored in. The mine is still wrought.", "8. Formed; fitted.", "He that hath wrought us for the self-same thing is God. 2 Corinthians 5.", "9. Guided; managed. Not used.", "10. Agitated; disturbed.", "My dull brain was wrought with things forgot.", "Wrought on or upon, influenced; prevailed on. His mind was wrought upon by divine grace.", "Wrought to or up to, excited; inflamed. Their minds were wrought up to a violent passion. She was wrought up to the tenderest emotion of pity."], "wrung": ["WRUNG, pre. and pp. of wring."], "yarn": ["YARN, n.", "1. Spun wool; woolen thread; but it is applied also to other species of thread, as to cotton and linen.", "2. In rope-making, one of the threads of which a rope is composed. It is spun from hemp."], "ye": ["YE, pron. The nominative plural of the second person, of which thou is the singular. But the two words have no radical connection. Ye is now used only in the sacred and solemn style. In common discourse and writing, you is exclusively used.", "But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Corinthians 6."], "yes": ["YES, adv. A word which expresses affirmation or consent; opposed to no; as, are you married, madam? Yes. It is used like yea, to enforce by repetition or addition, something which precedes. You have done all this; yes, you have done more.", "Yes, you despise the man to books confind."], "yea": ["YEA, adv. Ya.", "1. Yes; a word that expresses affirmation or assent. Will you go? Yea. It sometimes introduces a subject, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly, it is so.", "Yea, hath God said, ye shall not eat of every tree in the garden? Genesis 3.", "Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matthew 5.", "2. It sometimes enforces the sense of something preceding; not only so, but more.", "Therein I do rejoice; yea, and will rejoice. Philippians 1.", "3. In Scripture, it is used to denote certainty, consistency, harmony, and stability.", "All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him are amen. 2 Corinthians 1.", "In this use, the word may be considered a noun.", "Yea is used only in the sacred and solemn style. See Yes."], "year": ["YEAR, n. G.", "1. The space or period of time in which the sun moves through the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and returns to the same point. This is the solar year, and the year, in the strict and proper sense of the word. It is called also the tropical year. This period comprehends what are called the twelve calendar months, or 365 days, 5 hours, and 49 minutes, within a small fraction. But in popular usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year of 366; a day being added to February, on account of the 5 hours and 49 minutes.", "2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution; as the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.", "3. The time in which the fixed states make a revolution, is called the great year.", "4. Years, in the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age or old age; as a man in years.", "In popular language, year is often used for years. The horse is ten year old.", "Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 day, 6 hours, 6 minutes, and 11, 5 seconds.", "Anomalistical year, the time that elapses from the suns leaving its apogee, till it returns to it, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 14 minutes.", "Civil year, the year which nay nation has contrived for the computation of time.", "Bissextile or leap year, the year consisting of 366 days.", "Lunar year, consists of 12 lunar months.", "Lunar astronomical year, consists of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.", "Common lunar year, consists of 12 lunar civil months, or 354 days.", "Embolismic or intercalary year, consists of 13 lunar civil months, and contains 384 days.", "Julian year, established by Julius Caesar, consists of 365 days, 6 hours.", "Gregorian year, is the Julian year corrected and is the year now generally used in Europe. From the difference between this and the Julian year, arises the distinction of Old and New Style.", "Sabbatic year, among the Israelites, was every seventh year, when their land was suffered to lid untilled.", "The civil or legal year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th day of March. This practice continued till after the settlement of America, and the first settlers of New England observed it for many years."], "yeared": ["YEARED, a. Containing years. Not in use."], "yearly": ["YEARLY, a.", "1. Annual; happening; accruing or coming every year; as a yearly rent or income.", "2. Lasting a year; as a yearly plant.", "3. Comprehending a year; as the yearly circuit or revolution of the earth.", "YEARLY, adv. Annually; once a year; as blessings yearly bestowed."], "yearn": ["YEARN, YERN, v.i. G. The sense is to strain, or stretch forward. We have earnest from the same root.", "1. To be strained; to be pained or distressed; to suffer.", "Falstaff, he is dead, and we must yearn therefore.", "2. Usually, to long; to feel an earnest desire; that is literally, to have a desire or inclination stretching towards the object or end. 1 Kings 3.", "Joseph made haste, for his bowels did yearn upon his brother. Genesis 43.", "Your mothers heart yearns toward you.", "--Anticlus, unable to control, spoke loud the language of his yearning soul.", "YEARN, YERN, v.t. To pain; to grieve; to vex.", "She laments for it, that it would yearn your heart to see it.", "It yearns me not if men my garments wear."], "yearnful": ["YEARNFUL, YERNFUL, a. Mournful; distressing."], "yearning": ["YEARNING, YERNING, pp. Longing; having longing desire.", "YEARNING, YERNING, n. Strong emotions of desire, tenderness or pity."], "yell": ["YELL, v.i. It agrees in elements with call. To cry out with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror. Savages yell most frightfully when they are rushing to the first onset of battle.", "Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells.", "YELL, n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry.", "Their hideous yells rend the dark welkin."], "yelling": ["YELLING, pp. Uttering hideous outcries; shrieking; as yelling monsters.", "YELLING, n. The act of screaming hideously."], "yellow": ["YELLOW, a. G. See Gold. Being of a bright color; the color of gold.", "YELLOW, n. A bright color, reflecting the most light of any, after white. It is one of the simple or primitive colors."], "yellowness": ["YELLOWNESS, n.", "1. The quality of being yellow; as the yellowness of an orange.", "2. Jealousy. Not in use."], "yellows": ["YELLOWS, n. A disease of horses, cattle and sheep, in which the eyes are tinged with a yellow color, proceeding often from obstructions in the gall-ducts. It is relieved by purges."], "yesterday": ["YESTERDAY, n. See Yester.", "1. The day last past; the day next before the present.", "All our yesterdays have lighted fools the way to dusty death.", "We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. Job 8.", "2. Yesterday is used generally without a preposition; as, I went to town yesterday. Yesterday we received letters from our friends. In this ease, a preposition is understood; as on yesterday, or during yesterday. The word may be considered as adverbially used."], "yesternight": ["YESTERNIGHT, n. yester and night.", "1. The last night.", "2. It is used without preposition. My brother arrived yesternight; where on or during is understood, but it may be considered as adverbially used."], "yet": ["YET, conj. Gr. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however. I come to you in the spirit of peace; yet you will not receive me.", "Yet I say unto you, the Solomon in all his glory, was not arrayed like one of these. Matthew 6.", "YET, adv.", "1. Beside; over and above. There is one reason yet further to be alledged.", "2. Still; the state remaining the same.", "They attest facts they had heard while they were yet heathens.", "3. At this time; so soon. Is it time to go? Not yet.", "4. At least; at all.", "A man that would form a comparison between Quintilians declamations, if yet they are Quintilians--", "5. It is prefixed to words denoting extension of time or continuance.", "A little longer; yet a little longer.", "6. Still; in a new degree. The crime becomes yet blacker by the pretense of piety.", "7. Even; after all; a kind of emphatical addition to a negative.", "Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them.", "8. Hitherto. You have yet done nothing; you have as yet done less than was expected.", "Yeven, for given, is not in use."], "yield": ["YIELD, v.t.", "1. To produce, as land, stock or funds; to give in return for labor, or as profit. Lands yield not more than three per cent annually; houses yield four or five percent. Maiz on good land, yields two or three hundred fold.", "2. To produce, in general. Most vegetable juices yield a salt.", "3. To afford; to exhibit. The flowers in spring yield a beautiful sight.", "4. To allow; to concede; to admit to be true; as, to yield the point in debate. We yield that there is a God.", "5. To give, as claimed of right; as, to yield due honors; to yield due praise.", "6. To permit; to grant.", "Life is but air, that yields a passage to the whistling sword.", "7. To emit; to give up. To yield the breath, is to expire.", "8. To resign; to give up; sometimes with up or over; as, to yield up their own opinions. We yield the place to our superiors.", "9. To surrender; sometimes with up; as, to yield a fortress to the enemy; or to yield up a fortress.", "YIELD, v.i.", "1. To give up the contest; to submit.", "He saw the fainting Grecians yield.", "2. To comply with; as, I yielded to his request.", "3. To give way; not to oppose. We readily yield to the current of opinion; we yield to customs and fashions.", "4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence. They will yield to us in nothing.", "Tell me in what more happy fields the thistle springs, to which the lily yields?"], "yielded": ["YIELDED, pp. Produced; afforded; conceded; allowed; resigned; surrendered."], "yielding": ["YIELDING, ppr.", "1. Producing; affording; conceding; resigning; surrendering; allowing.", "2. a. Inclined to give way or comply; flexible; accommodating; as a yielding temper.", "YIELDING, n. Act of producing; act of surrendering; submission."], "yieldingly": ["YIELDINGLY, adv. With compliance."], "yoke": ["YOKE, n. G., L., Gr.", "1. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving near each end, and fitted with bows for receiving the necks of oxen; by which means two are connected for drawing. From a ring or hook in the bow, a chain extends to the thing to be drawn, or to the yoke of another pair of oxen behind.", "2. A mark of servitude; slavery; bondage.", "Our country sinks beneath the yoke.", "3. A chain; a link; a bond of connection; as the yoke of marriage.", "4. A couple; a pair; as a yoke of oxen.", "5. Service.", "My yoke is easy. Matthew 11.", "YOKE, v.t.", "1. To put a yoke on; to join in a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or a pair of oxen.", "2. To couple; to join with another.", "Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb.", "3. To enslave; to bring into bondage.", "4. To restrain; to confine. Libertines like not to be yoked in marriage.", "The words and promises that yoke the conqueror, are quickly broke."], "yoked": ["YOKED, pp. Confined in a yoke; joined; coupled."], "yoking": ["YOKING, ppr. Putting a yoke on; joining; coupling."], "yonder": ["YON, YOND, YONDER, a. G. Being at a distance within view.", "Yonder men are too many for an embassy.", "Read thy lot in yon celestial sign.", "Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green.", "YON, YOND, YONDER, adv. At a distance within view. When we use this word, we often point the hand or direct the eye to the place or object.", "First and chiefest, with thee bring him that yon soars on golden wing.", "Yonder are two apple women scolding."], "you": ["YOU, pron. Yu. You has been considered as in the plural only, and is so treated in the Saxon grammar. But from the Belgic dialect, it appears to be in the singular as well as the plural, and our universal popular usage, in applying it to a single person with a verb in the singular number, is correct. Yourself is in the singular number.", "1. The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative or objective case. In familiar language, it is applied to an individual, as thou is in the solemn style. In the plural, it is used in the solemn style in the objective case.", "In vain you tell your parting lover, you wish fair winds may waft him over.", "He that despiseth you, despiseth me. Luke 10.", "2. You is used, like on in French, for any one. This at a distance looks like a rock; but as you approach it, you see a little cabin."], "young": ["YOUNG, a. Yung. G., L.", "1. Not having been long born; being in the first part of life; not old; used of animals; as a young child; a young man; a young fawn.", "2. Being in the first part of growth; as a young plant; a young tree.", "3. Ignorant; weak; or rather, having little experience.", "Come, elder brother, thourt too young in this.", "YOUNG, n. The offspring of animals, either a single animal, or offspring collectively. The cow will take care of her young, as will the hen. Animals make provision for their young."], "youngest": ["YOUNGEST, a. Superl. Yungest. Having the least age. There are three persons living, the youngest of whom is ninety years old."], "younger": ["YOUNGER, a. Comp. Yunger. Not so old as another. A person of ninety years old is younger than one of a hundred, though certainly not a young man, nor in the first part of life."], "your": ["YOUR, a. Pronom. pron. yure. G.", "1. Belonging to you; equally applicable to both numbers; as your father; your heart; your prince; your subjects.", "2. It is used indefinitely.", "Your medalist and your critic are much nearer related than the world imagine.", "3. Yours is used as a substitute for a noun in the nominative or objective. This book is yours. I have no pen; give me yours. My sword and yours are kin."], "youth": ["YOUTH, n. Yuth. G.", "1. The part of life that succeeds to childhood. In a general sense, youth denotes the whole early part of life, from infancy to manhood; but it is not unusual to divide the stages of life into infancy, childhood, youth, and manhood. In this sense the word can have no plural.", "Those who pass their youth in vice, are justly condemned to spend their age in folly.", "2. A young man. In this sense it has a plural.", "Seven youths from Athens yearly sent--", "3. A young person, male or female.", "4. Young persons, collectively.", "It is fit to youth to read the best authors first."], "youthful": ["YOUTHFUL, a. Young; as tow youthful knights.", "2. Pertaining to the early parts of life; as youthful thoughts; youthful sports.", "3. Fresh vigorous; as in youth."], "zeal": ["ZEAL, n. Gr., L. Passionate ardor in the pursuit of any thing. In general, zeal is an eagerness of desire to accomplish or obtain some object, and it may be manifested either in favor of any person or thing, or in opposition to it, and in a good or bad cause.", "Zeal, the blind conductor of the will.", "They have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. Romans 10.", "A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to subvert, with little care what shall be established."], "zealous": ["ZEALOUS, a. Zelus. Warmly engaged or ardent in the pursuit of an object.", "Being thus saved himself, he may be zealous in the salvation of souls."], "zealously": ["ZEALOUSLY, adv. Zelusly. With passionate ardor; with eagerness.", "It is good to be zealously affected always in a good thing. Galatians 4."], "zealousness": ["ZEALOUSNESS, n. Zelusness. The quality of being zealous; zeal."]}